Thomas Hardy ..........................................................................................................................................1

HERE stretch the downs, high and breezy and green, absolutely unchanged since those eventful days. A

plough has never disturbed the turf, and the sod that was uppermost then is uppermost now. Here stood the

camp; here are distinct traces of the banks thrown up for the horses of the cavalry, and spots where the

middenheaps lay are still to be observed. At night, when I walk across the lonely place, it is impossible to

avoid hearing, amid the scourings of the wind over the grassbents and thistles, the old trumpet and bugle

calls, the rattle of the halters; to help seeing rows of spectral tents and the impedimenta of the soldiery. From

within the canvases come guttural syllables of foreign tongues, and broken songs of the fatherland; for they

were mainly regiments of the King's German Legion that slept round the tentpoles hereabout at that time.

It was nearly ninety years ago. The British uniform of the period, with its immense epaulettes, queer

cockedhat, breeches, gaiters, ponderous cartridgebox, buckled shoes, and what not, would look strange and

barbarous now. Ideas have changed; invention has followed invention. Soldiers were monumental objects

then. A divinity still hedged kings here and there; and war was considered a glorious thing.

Secluded old manorhouses and hamlets lie in the ravines and hollows among these hills, where a stranger

had hardly ever been seen till the King chose to take the baths yearly at the seaside wateringplace a few

miles to the south; as a consequence of which battalions descended in a cloud upon the open country around.

Is it necessary to add that the echoes of many characteristic tales, dating from that picturesque time, still

linger about here in more or less fragmentary form, to be caught by the attentive ear? Some of them I have

repeated; most of them I have forgotten; one I have never repeated, and assuredly can never forget.

Phyllis told me the story with her own lips. She was then an old lady of seventyfive, and her auditor a lad of

fifteen. She enjoined silence as to her share in the incident, till she should be "dead, buried and forgotten."

Her life was prolonged twelve years after the day of her narration, and she has now been dead nearly twenty.

The oblivion which in her modesty and humility she courted for herself has only partially fallen on her, with

the unfortunate result of inflicting an injustice upon her memory; since such fragments of her story as got

abroad at the time, and have been kept alive ever since, are precisely those which are most unfavourable to

It all began with the arrival of the York Hussars, one of the foreign regiments above alluded to. Before that

day scarcely a soul had been seen near her father's house for weeks. When a noise like the brushing skirt of a

visitor was heard on the doorstep, it proved to be a scudding leaf; when a carriage seemed to be nearing the

door, it was her father grinding his sickle on the stone in the garden for his favourite relaxation of trimming

the boxtree borders to the plots. A sound like luggage thrown down from the coach was a gun far away at

sea; and what looked like a tall man by the gate at dusk was a yew bush cut into a quaint and attenuated

shape. There is no such solitude in country places now as there was in those old days.

Yet all the while King George and his court were at his favourite seaside resort, not more than five miles

The daughter's seclusion was great, but beyond the seclusion of the girl lay the seclusion of the father. If her

social condition was twilight, his was darkness. Yet he enjoyed his darkness, while her twilight oppressed

her. Dr. Grove had been a professional man whose taste for lonely meditation over metaphysical questions

had diminished his practice till it no longer paid him to keep it going; after which he had relinquished it and

hired at a nominal rent the small, dilapidated, half farm half manorhouse of this obscure inland nook, to

make a sufficiency of an income which in a town would have been inadequate for their maintenance. He

stayed in his garden the greater part of the day, growing more and more irritable with the lapse of time, and

the increasing perception that he had wasted his life in the pursuit of illusions. He saw his friends less and

less frequently. Phyllis became so shy that if she met a stranger anywhere in her short rambles she felt

Yet Phyllis was discovered even here by an admirer, and her hand most unexpectedly asked in marriage.

The King, as aforesaid, was at the neighbouring town, where he had taken up his abode at Gloucester Lodge;

and his presence in the town naturally brought many county people thither. Among these idlers many of

whom professed to have connections and interests with the Court was one Humphrey Gould, a bachelor; a

personage neither young nor old; neither goodlooking nor positively plain. Too steadygoing to be "a buck"

(as fast and unmarried men were then called), he was an approximately fashionable man of a mild type. This

bachelor of thirty found his way to the village on the down; beheld Phyllis; made her father's acquaintance in

order to make hers; and by some means or other she sufficiently inflamed his heart to lead him in that

As he was of an old local family, some of whose members were held in respect in the county, Phyllis, in

bringing him to her feet, had accomplished what was considered a brilliant move for one in her constrained

position. How she had done it was not quite known to Phyllis herself. In those days unequal marriages were

regarded rather as a violation of the laws of nature than as a mere infringement of convention, the more

modern view, and hence when Phyllis, of the wateringplace bourgeoisie, was chosen by such a gentlemanly

fellow, it was as if she were going to be taken to heaven, though perhaps the uninformed would have seen no

great difference in the respective positions of the pair, the said Gould being as poor as a crow.

This pecuniary condition was his excuse probably a true one for postponing their union, and as the

winter drew nearer, and the King departed for the season, Mr. Humphrey Gould set out for Bath, promising to

return to Phyllis in a few weeks. The winter arrived, the date of his promise passed, yet Gould postponed his

coming, on the ground that he could not very easily leave his father in the city of their sojourn, the elder

having no other relative near him. Phyllis, though lonely in the extreme, was content. The man who had

asked her in marriage was a desirable husband for her in many ways; her father highly approved of his suit;

but this neglect of her was awkward, if not painful, for Phyllis. Love him in the true sense of the word she

assured me she never did, but she had a genuine regard for him; admired a certain methodical and dogged

way in which he sometimes took his pleasure; valued his knowledge of what the Court was doing, had done,

or was about to do; and she was not without a feeling of pride that he had chose her when he might have

But he did not come; and the spring developed. His letters were regular though formal; and it is not to be

wondered that the uncertainty of her position, linked with the fact that there was not much passion in her

thoughts of Humphrey, bred an indescribable dreariness in the heart of Phyllis Grove. The spring was soon

summer, and the summer brought the King; but still no Humphrey Gould. All this while the engagement by

At this point of time a golden radiance flashed in upon the lives of people here, and charged all youthful

The present generation has probably but a very dim notion of the celebrated York Hussars of ninety years

ago. They were one of the regiments of the King's German Legion, and (though they somewhat degenerated

later on) their brilliant uniform, their splendid horses, and above all, their foreign air and mustachios (rare

appendages then), drew crowds of admirers of both sexes wherever they went. These with other regiments

had come to encamp on the downs and pastures, because of the presence of the King in the neighbouring

The spot was high and airy, and the view extensive, commanding Portland the Isle of Slingers in front,

and reaching to St. Aldhelm's Head eastward, and almost to the Start on the west.

Phyllis, though not precisely a girl of the village, was as interested as any of them in this military investment.

Her father's home stood somewhat apart, and on the highest point of ground to which the lane ascended, so

that it was almost level with the top of the church tower in the lower part of the parish. Immediately from the

outside of the gardenwall the grass spread away to a great distance, and it was crossed by a path which came

close to the wall. Ever since her childhood it had been Phyllis's pleasure to clamber up this fence and sit on

the top a feat not so difficult as it may seem, the walls in this district being built of rubble, without mortar,

She was sitting up here one day, listlessly surveying the pasture without, when her attention was arrested by a

solitary figure walking along the path. It was one of the renowned German Hussars, and he moved onward

with his eyes on the ground, and with the manner of one who wished to escape company. His head would

probably have been bent like his eyes but for his stiff neckgear. On nearer view she perceived that his face

was marked with deep sadness. Without observing her, he advanced by the footpath till it brought him almost

Phyllis was much surprised to see a fine, tall soldier in such a mood as this. Her theory of the military, and of

the York Hussars in particular (derived entirely from hearsay, for she had never talked to a soldier in her life),

At this moment the Hussar lifted his eyes and noticed her on her perch, the white muslin neckerchief which

covered her shoulders and neck where left bare by her low gown, and her white raiment in general, showing

conspicuously in the bright sunlight of this summer day. He blushed a little at the suddenness of the

All that day the foreigner's face haunted Phyllis; its aspect was so striking, so handsome, and his eyes were so

blue, and sad, and abstracted. It was perhaps only natural that on some following day at the same hour she

should look over that wall again, and wait till he had passed a second time. On this occasion he was reading a

letter, and at the sight of her his manner was that of one who had half expected or hoped to discover her. He

almost stopped, smiled, and made a courteous salute. The end of the meeting was that they exchanged a few

words. She asked him what he was reading, and he readily informed her that he was reperusing letters from

his mother in Germany; he did not get them often, he said, and was forced to read the old ones a great many

times. This was all that passed at the present interview, but others of the same kind followed.

Phyllis used to say this his English, though not good, was quite intelligible to her, so that their acquaintance

was never hindered by difficulties of speech. Whenever the subject became too delicate, subtle, or tender, for

such words of English as were at his command, the eyes no doubt helped out the tongue, and though this

was later on the lips helped out the eyes. In short this acquaintance unguardedly made, and rash enough

on her part, developed and ripened. Like Desdemona, she pitied him, and learnt his history.

His name was Matth�us Tina, and Saarbr�ck his native town, where his mother was still living. His age was

twentytwo, and he had already risen to the grade of corporal, though he had not long been in the army.

Phyllis used to assert that no such refined or welleducated young man could have been found in the ranks of

the purely English regiments, some of these foreign soldiers having rather the graceful manner and presence

She by degrees learnt from her foreign friend a circumstance about himself and his comrades which Phyllis

would least have expected of the York Hussars. So far from being as gay as its uniform, the regiment was

pervaded by a dreadful melancholy, a chronic homesickness, which depressed many of the men to such an

extent that they could hardly attend to their drill. The worst sufferers were the younger soldiers who had not

been over here long. They hated England and English life; they took no interest whatever in King George and

his island kingdom, and they only wished to be out of it and never see it any more. Their bodies were here,

but their hearts and minds were always far away in their dear fatherland, of which brave men and stoical

as they were in many ways they would speak with tears in their eyes. One of the worst of the sufferers

from the homewoe, as he called it in his own tongue, was Matth�us Tina, whose dreamy musing nature felt

the gloom of exile still more intensely from the fact that he had left a lonely mother at home with nobody to

Though Phyllis, touched by all this, and interested in his history, did not disdain her soldier's acquaintance,

she declined (according to her own account, at least) to permit the young man to overstep the line of mere

friendship for a long while as long, indeed, as she considered herself likely to become the possession of

another; though it is probable that she lost her heart to Matth�us before she was herself aware. The stone wall

of necessity made anything like intimacy difficult; and he had never ventured to come, or to ask to come,

inside the garden, so that all their conversation had been overtly conducted across this boundary.

But news reached the village from a friend of Phyllis's father concerning Mr. Humphrey Gould, her

remarkably cool and patient betrothed. This gentleman had been heard to say in Bath that he considered his

overtures to Miss Phyllis Grove to have reached only the stage of a halfunderstanding; and in view of his

enforced absence on his father's account, who was too great an invalid now to attend to his affairs, he thought

it best that there should be no definite promise as yet on either side. He was not sure, indeed, that he might

This account though only a piece of hearsay, and as such entitled to no absolute credit tallied so well

with the infrequency of his letters and their lack of warmth, that Phyllis did not doubt its truth for one

moment; and from that hour she felt herself free to bestow her heart as she should choose. Not so her father;

he declared the whole story to be a fabrication. He had known Mr. Gould's family from his boyhood; and if

there was one proverb which expressed the matrimonial aspect of that family well, it was "Love me little,

love me long." Humphrey was an honourable man, who would not think of treating his engagement so

lightly. "Do you wait in patience," he said; "all will be right enough in time."

From these words Phyllis at first imagined that her father was in correspondence with Mr. Gould; and her

heart sank within her; for in spite of her original intentions she had been relieved to hear that her engagement

had come to nothing. But she presently learnt that her father had heard no more of Humphrey Gould than she

herself had done; while he would not write and address her affianced directly on the subject, lest it should be

"You want an excuse for encouraging one or other of those foreign fellows to flatter you with his unmeaning

attentions," her father exclaimed, his mood having of late been a very unkind one towards her. "I see more

than I say. Don't you ever set foot outside that gardenfence without my permission. If you want to see the

Phyllis had not the smallest intention of disobeying him with her actions, but she assumed herself to be

independent with respect to her feelings. She no longer checked her fancy for the Hussar, though she was far

from regarding him as her lover in the serious sense in which an Englishman might have been regarded as

such. The young foreign soldier was almost an ideal being to her, with none of the appurtenances of an

ordinary housedweller; one who had descended she knew not whence, and would disappear she knew not

They met continually now mostly at dusk during the brief interval between the going down of the sun

and the minute at which the last trumpetcall summoned him to his tent. Perhaps her manner had become less

restrained latterly; at any rate that of the Hussar was so; he had grown more tender every day, and at parting

after these hurried interviews she reached down her hand from the top of the wall that he might press it. One

evening he held it such a while that she exclaimed, "The wall is white, and somebody in the field may see

He lingered so long that night that it was with the greatest difficulty that he could run across the intervening

stretch of ground and enter the camp in time. On the next occasion of his awaiting her she did not appear in

her usual place at the usual hour. His disappointment was unspeakably keen; he remained staring blankly at

the spot, like a man in a trance. The trumpets and tattoo sounded, and still he did not go.

She had been delayed purely by an accident. When she arrived she was anxious because of the lateness of the

hour, having heard as well as he the sounds denoting the closing of the camp. She implored him to leave

"No," he said gloomily. "I shall not go in yet the moment you come I have thought of your coming all

"I don't mind that. I should have disappeared from the world some time ago if it had not been for two persons

my beloved, here, and my mother in Saarbr�ck. I hate the army. I care more for a minute of your company

Thus he stayed and talked to her, and told her interesting details of his native place, and incidents of his

childhood, till she was in a simmer of distress at his recklessness in remaining. It was only because she

insisted on bidding him goodnight and leaving the wall that he returned to his quarters.

The next time that she saw him he was without the stripes that had adorned his sleeve. He had been broken to

the level of private for his lateness that night; and as Phyllis considered herself to be the cause of his disgrace

her sorrow was great. But the position was now reversed; it was his turn to cheer her.

"Don't grieve, meine Liebliche!" he said. "I have got a remedy for whatever comes. First, even supposing I

regain my stripes, would your father allow you to marry a noncommissioned officer in the York Hussars?"

She flushed. This practical step had not been in her mind in relation to such an unrealistic person as he was;

and a moment's reflection was enough for it. "My father would not certainly would not," she answered

unflinchingly. "It cannot be thought of! My dear friend, please do forget me: I fear I am ruining you and your

"Not at all!" said he. "You are giving this country of yours just sufficient interest to me to make me care to

keep alive in it. If my dear land were here also, and my old parent, with you, I could be happy as I am, and

would do my best as a soldier. But it is not so. And now listen. This is my plan. That you go with me to my

own country, and be my wife there, and live there with my mother and me. I am not a Hanoverian, as you

know, though I entered the army as such; my country is by the Saar, and is at peace with France, and if I were

"But how get there?" she asked. Phyllis had been rather amazed than shocked at his proposition. Her position

in her father's house was growing irksome and painful in the extreme; his parental affection seemed to be

quite dried up. She was not a native of the village, like all the joyous girls around her; and in some way

Matth�us Tina had infected her with his own passionate longing for his country, and mother, and home.

"But how?" she repeated, finding that he did not answer. "Will you buy your discharge?"

"Ah, no," he said. "That's impossible in these times. No; I came here against my will; why should I not

escape? Now is the time, as we shall soon be striking camp, and I might see you no more. This is my scheme.

I will ask you to meet me on the highway two miles off, on some calm night next week that may be

appointed. There will be nothing unbecoming in it, or to cause you shame; you will not fly alone with me, for

I will bring with me my devoted young friend Christoph, an Alsatian, who has lately joined the regiment, and

who has agreed to assist in this enterprise. We shall have come from yonder harbour, where we shall have

examined the boats, and found one suited to our purpose. Christoph has already a chart of the Channel, and

we will then go to the harbour, and at midnight cut the boat from her moorings, and row away round the point

out of sight; and by the next morning we are on the coast of France, near Cherbourg. The rest is easy, for I

have saved money for the land journey, and can get a change of clothes. I will write to my mother, who will

He added details in reply to her inquiries, which left no doubt in Phyllis's mind of the feasibility of the

undertaking. But its magnitude almost appalled her; and it is questionable if she would ever have gone further

in the wild adventure if, on entering the house that night, her father had not accosted her in the most

"It is useless for you at attempt to cloak your actions in that way. You have been meeting one of those

fellows; you have been seen walking with him foreign barbarians, not much better than the French

themselves! I have made up my mind don't speak a word till I have done, please! I have made up my

mind that you shall stay here no longer while they are on the spot. You shall go to your aunt's."

It was useless for her to protest that she had never taken a walk with any soldier or man under the sun except

himself. Her protestations were feeble, too, for though he was not literally correct in his assertion, he was

The house of her father's sister was a prison to Phyllis. She had quite recently undergone experience of its

gloom; and when her father went on to direct her to pack what would be necessary for her to take, her heart

died within her. In after years she never attempted to excuse her conduct during this week of agitation; but

the result of her selfcommuning was that she decided to join in the scheme of her lover and his friend, and

fly to the country which he had coloured with such lovely hues in her imagination. She always said that the

one feature in his proposal which overcame her hesitation was the obvious purity and straightforwardness of

his intentions. He showed himself to be so virtuous and kind; he treated her with a respect to which she had

never before been accustomed; and she was braced to the obvious risks of the voyage by her confidence in

It was on a soft, dark evening of the following week that they engaged in the adventure. Tina was to meet her

at a point in the highway at which the lane to the village branched off. Christoph was to go ahead of them to

the harbour where the boat lay, row it round the Nothe or Lookout as it was called in those days and

pick them up on the other side of the promontory, which they were to reach by crossing the harbourbridge

As soon as her father had ascended to his room she left the house, and, bundle in hand, proceeded at a trot

along the lane. At such an hour not a soul was afoot anywhere in the village, and she reached the junction of

the lane with the highway unobserved. Here she took up her position in the obscurity formed by the angle of a

fence, whence she could discern every one who approached along the turnpikeroad, without being herself

She had not remained thus waiting for her lover longer than a minute though from the tension of her

nerves the lapse of even that short time was trying when, instead of the expected footsteps, the

stagecoach could be heard descending the hill. She knew that Tina would not show himself till the road was

clear, and waited impatiently for the coach to pass. Nearing the corner where she was it slackened speed, and,

instead of going by as usual, drew up within a few yards of her. A passenger alighted, and she heard his

He had brought a friend with him, and luggage. The luggage was deposited on the grass, and the coach went

"I wonder where that young man is with the horse and trap?" said her former admirer to his companion. "I

hope we shan't have to wait here long. I told him halfpast nine o'clock precisely."

"Of course it will. What woman would not be pleased with such a handsome peaceoffering?"

"Well she deserves it. I've treated her rather badly. But she has been in my mind these last two days much

more than I should care to confess to everybody. Ah, well; I'll say no more about that. It cannot be that she is

so bad as they make out. I am quite sure that a girl of her good wit would know better than to get entangled

with any of those Hanoverian soldiers. I won't believe it of her, and there's an end on't."

More words in the same strain were casually dropped as the two men waited; words which revealed to her, as

by a sudden illumination, the enormity of her conduct. The conversation was at length cut off by the arrival of

the man with the vehicle. The luggage was placed in it, and they mounted, and were driven on in the direction

Phyllis was so consciousstricken that she was at first inclined to follow them; but a moment's reflection led

her to feel that it would only be a bare justice to Matth�us to wait till he arrived, and explain candidly that she

had changed her mind difficult as the struggle would be when she stood face to face with him. She bitterly

reproached herself for having believed reports which represented Humphrey Gould as false to his

engagement, when, from what she now heard from his own lips, she gathered that he had been living full of

trust in her. But she knew well enough who had won her love. Without him her life seemed a dreary prospect,

yet the more she looked at his proposal the more she feared to accept it so wild as it was, so vague, so

venturesome. She had promised Humphrey Gould, and it was only his assumed faithlessness which had led

her to retreat that promise as nought. His solicitude in bringing her these gifts touched her; her promise must

be kept, and esteem must take the place of love. She would preserve her selfrespect. She would stay at

Phyllis had thus braced herself to an exceptional fortitude when, a few minutes later, the outline of Matth�us

Tina appeared behind a fieldgate, over which he lightly leapt as she stepped forward. There was no evading

"It is the first and last time!" she wildly thought as she stood encircled by his arms.

How Phyllis got through the terrible ordeal of that night she could never clearly recollect. She always

attributed her success in carrying out her resolve to her lover's honour, for as soon as she declared to him in

feeble words that she had changed her mind, and felt that she could not, dared not, fly with him, he forbore to

urge her, grieved as he was at her decision. Unscrupulous pressure on his part, seeing how romantically she

had become attached to him, would no doubt have turned the balance in his favour. But he did nothing to

On her side, fearing for his safety, she begged him to remain. This, he declared, could not be. "I cannot break

faith with my friend," said he. Had he stood alone he would have abandoned his plan. But Christoph, with the

boat and compass and chart, was waiting on the shore; the tide would soon turn; his mother had been warned

Many precious minutes were lost while he tarried, unable to tear himself away, Phyllis held to her resolve,

though it cost her many a bitter pang. At last they parted, and he went down the hill. Before his footsteps had

quite died away she felt a desire to behold at least his outline once more, and running noiselessly after him

regained view of his diminishing figure. For one moment she was sufficiently excited to be on the point of

rushing forward and linking her fate with his. But she could not. The courage which at the critical instant

A dark shape, similar to his own, joined him in the highway. It was Christoph, his friend. She could see no

more; they had hastened on in the direction of the town and harbour, four miles ahead. With a feeling akin to

Tattoo sounded in the camp; but there was no camp for her now. It was as dead as the camp of the Assyrians

She noiselessly entered the house, seeing nobody, and went to bed. Grief, which kept her awake at first,

ultimately wrapped her in a heavy sleep. The next morning her father met her at the foot of the stairs.

Humphrey was staying at the inn, and had already called to inquire for her. He had brought her a present of a

very handsome lookingglass in a frame of repouss� silverwork, which her father held in his hand. He had

promised to call again in the course of an hour, to ask Phyllis to walk with him.

Pretty mirrors were rarer in countryhouses at that day than they are now, and the one before her won

Phyllis's admiration. She looked into it, saw how heavy her eyes were, and endeavoured to brighten them.

She was in that wretched state of mind which leads a woman to move mechanically onward in what she

conceives to be her allotted path. Mr. Humphrey had, in his undemonstrative way, been adhering all along to

the old understanding; it was for her to do the same, and to say not a word of her own lapse. She put on her

bonnet and tippet, and when he arrived at the hour named she was at the door awaiting him.

Phyllis thanked him for his beautiful gift; but the talking was soon entirely on Humphrey's side as they

walked along. He told her of the latest movements of the world of fashion a subject which she willingly

discussed to the exclusion of anything more personal and his measured language helped to still her

disquieted heart and brain. Had not her own sadness been what it was she must have observed his

"I am glad you are pleased with my little present," he said. "The truth is that I brought it to propitiate 'ee, and

It was inconceivable to Phyllis that this independent bachelor whom she admired in some respects

"Phyllis I'll tell you my secret at once; for I have a monstrous secret to confide before I can ask your

counsel. The case is, then, that I am married: yes, I have privately married a dear young belle; and if you

knew her, and I hope you will, you would say everything in her praise. But she is not quite the one that my

father would have chose for me you know the paternal idea as well as I and I have kept it secret. There

will be a terrible noise, no doubt; but I think that with your help I may get over it. If you would only do me

this good turn when I have told my father, I mean say that you never could have married me, you

know, or something of that sort 'pon my life it will help to smooth the way vastly. I am so anxious to win

What Phyllis replied she scarcely knew, or how she counselled him as to his unexpected situation. Yet the

relief that his announcement brought her was perceptible. To have confided her trouble in return was what

her aching heart longed to do; and had Humphrey been a woman she would instantly have poured out her

tale. But to him she feared to confess; and there was a real reason for silence, till a sufficient time had elapsed

As soon as she reached home again she sought a solitary place, and spent the time in half regretting that she

had not gone away, and in dreaming over the meetings with Matth�us Tina from their beginning to their end.

In his own country, amongst his own countrywomen, he would possible soon forget her, even to her very

Her listlessness was such that she did not go out of the house for several days. There came a morning which

broke in fog and mist, behind which the dawn could be discerned in greenish grey; and the outlines of the

tents, and the rows of horses at the ropes. The smoke from the canteen fires drooped heavily.

The spot at the bottom of the garden where she had been accustomed to climb the wall to meet Matth�us, was

the only inch of English ground in which she took any interest; and in spite of the disagreeable haze

prevailing she walked out there till she reached the wellknown corner. Every blade of grass was weighted

with little liquid globes, and slugs and snails had crept out upon the plots. She could hear the usual faint

noises from the camp, and in the other direction the trot of farmers on the road to the town, for it was

marketday. She observed that her frequent visits to this corner had quite trodden down the grass in the angle

of the wall, and left marks of garden soil on the steppingstones by which she had mounted to look over the

top. Seldom having gone there till dusk, she had not considered that her traces might be visible by day.

While she paused in melancholy regard, she fancied that the customary sounds from the tents were changing

their character. Indifferent as Phyllis was to camp doings now, she mounted by the steps to the old place.

What she beheld at first awed and perplexed her; then she stood rigid, her fingers hooked to the wall, her eyes

On the open green stretching before her all the regiments in the camp were drawn up in line, in the midfront

of which two empty coffins lay on the ground. The unwonted sounds which she had noticed came from an

advancing procession. It consisted of the band of the York Hussars playing a dead march; next two soldiers of

that regiment in a mourning coach, guarded on each side, and accompanied by two priests. Behind came a

crowd of rustics who had been attracted by the event. The melancholy procession marched along the front of

the line, returned to the centre, and halted beside the coffins, where the two condemned men were

blindfolded, and each placed kneeling on his coffin; a few minutes' pause was now given, while they prayed.

A firingparty of twentyfour men stood ready with levelled carbines. The commanding officer, who had his

sword drawn, waved it through some cuts of the swordexercise till he reached the downward stroke, whereat

the firing party discharged their volley. The two victims fell, one upon his face across his coffin, the other

As the volley resounded there arose a shriek from the wall of Dr. Grove's garden, and some one fell down

inside; but nobody among the spectators without noticed it at the time. The two executed Hussars were

Matth�us Tina and his friend Christoph. The soldiers on guard placed the bodies in the coffins almost

instantly; but the colonel of the regiment, an Englishman, rode up and exclaimed in a stern voice: "Turn them

The coffins were lifted endwise, and the dead Germans flung out upon their faces on the grass. Then all the

regiments wheeled in sections, and marched past the spot in slow time. When the survey was over the corpses

Meanwhile Dr. Grove, attracted by the noise of the volley, had rushed out into his garden, where he saw his

wretched daughter lying motionless against the wall. She was taken indoors, but it was long before she

It transpired that the luckless deserters from the York Hussars had cut the boat from her moorings in the

adjacent harbour, according to their plan, and, with two other comrades who were smarting under

illtreatment from their colonel, had sailed in safety across the Channel. But mistaking their bearings they

steered into Jersey, thinking that island the French coast. Here they were perceived to be deserters, and

delivered up to the authorities. Matth�us and Christoph interceded for the other two at the courtmartial,

saying that it was entirely by the former's representations that these were induced to go. Their sentence was

accordingly commuted to flogging, the death punishment being reserved for their leaders.

The visitor to the wellknown old Georgian wateringplace, who may care to ramble to the neighbouring

village under the hills, and examine the register of burials, will there find two entries in these words:

"Matth: Tina (Corpl.) in His Majesty's Regmt. of York Hussars, and Shot for Desertion, was

"Christoph Bless, belonging to His Majesty's Regmt. of York Hussars, who was Shot for

Desertion, was Buried June 30th, 1801, aged 22 years. Born at Lothaargen, Alsatia."

Their graves were dug at the back of the little church, near the wall. There is no memorial to mark the spot,

but Phyllis pointed it out to me. While she lived she used to keep their mounds neat; but now they are

overgrown with nettles, and sunk nearly flat. The older villagers, however, who know of the episode from

their parents, still recollect the place where the soldiers lie. Phyllis lies near.

AMONG the few features of agricultural England which retain an appearance but little modified by the

lapse of centuries, may be reckoned the high, grassy and furzy downs, coombs, or eweleases, as they are

indifferently called, that fill a large area of certain counties in the south and southwest. If any mark of

human occupation is met with hereon, it usually takes the form of the solitary cottage of some shepherd.

Fifty years ago such a lonely cottage stood on such a down, and may possibly be standing there now. In spite

of its loneliness, however, the spot, by actual measurement, was not more than five miles from a

countytown. Yet that affected it little. Five miles of irregular upland, during the long inimical seasons, with

their sleets, snows, rains, and mists, afford withdrawing space enough to isolate a Timon or a

Nebuchadnezzar; much less, in fair weather, to please that less repellent tribe, the poets, philosophers, artists,

Some old earthen camp or barrow, some clump of trees, at least some starved fragment of ancient hedge is

usually taken advantage of in the erection of these forlorn dwellings. But, in the present case, such a kind of

shelter had been disregarded. Higher Crowstairs, as the house was called, stood quite detached and

undefended. The only reason for its precise situation seemed to be the crossing of two footpaths at right

angles hard by, which may have crossed there and thus for a good five hundred years. Hence the house was

exposed to the elements on all sides. But, though the wind up here blew unmistakably when it did blow, and

the rain hit hard whenever it fell, the various weathers of the winter season were not quite so formidable on

the coomb as they were imagined to be by dwellers on low ground. The raw rimes were not so pernicious as

in the hollows, and the frosts were scarcely so severe. When the shepherd and his family who tenanted the

house were pitied for their sufferings from the exposure, they said that upon the whole they were less

inconvenienced by 'wuzzes and flames' (hoarses and phlegms) than when they had lived by the stream of a

The night of March 28, 182, was precisely one of the nights that were wont to call forth these expressions of

commiseration. The level rainstorm smote walls, slopes, and hedges like the clothyard shafts of Senlac and

Crecy. Such sheep and outdoor animals as had no shelter stood with their buttocks to the winds; while the

tails of little birds trying to roost on some scraggy thorn were blown insideout like umbrellas. The

gableend of the cottage was stained with wet, and the eavesdroppings flapped against the wall. Yet never

was commiseration for the shepherd more misplaced. For that cheerful rustic was entertaining a large party in

The guests had arrived before the rain began to fall, and they were all now assembled in the chief or living

room of the dwelling. A glance into the apartment at eight o'clock on this eventful evening would have

resulted in the opinion that it was as cosy and comfortable a nook as could be wished for in boisterous

weather. The calling of its inhabitant was proclaimed by a number of highlypolished sheepcrooks without

stems that were hung ornamentally over the fireplace, the curl of each shining crook varying from the

antiquated type engraved in the patriarchal pictures of old family Bibles to the most approved fashion of the

last local sheepfair. The room was lighted by halfadozen candles, having wicks only a trifle smaller than

the grease which enveloped them, in candlesticks that were never used but at highdays, holydays, and

family feasts. The lights were scattered about the room, two of them standing on the chimneypiece. This

position of candles was in itself significant. Candles on the chimneypiece always meant a party.

On the hearth, in front of a backbrand to give substance, blazed a fire of thorns, that crackled 'like the

Nineteen persons were gathered here. Of these, five women, wearing gowns of various bright hues, sat in

chairs along the wall; girls shy and not shy filled the windowbench; four men, including Charley Jake the

hedgecarpenter, Elijah New the parishclerk, and John Pitcher, a neighbouring dairyman, the shepherd's

fatherinlaw, lolled in the settle; a young man and maid, who were blushing over tentative pourparlers on a

lifecompanionship, sat beneath the cornercupboard; and an elderly engaged man of fifty or upward moved

restlessly about from spots where his betrothed was not to the spot where she was. Enjoyment was pretty

general, and so much the more prevailed in being unhampered by conventional restrictions. Absolute

confidence in each other's good opinion begat perfect ease, while the finishing stroke of manner, amounting

to a truly princely serenity, was lent to the majority by the absence of any expression or trait denoting that

they wished to get on in the world, enlarge their minds, or do any eclipsing thing whateverwhich

nowadays so generally nips the bloom and bonhomie of all except the two extremes of the social scale.

Shepherd Fennel had married well, his wife being a dairyman's daughter from a vale at a distance, who

brought fifty guineas in her pocketand kept them there, till they should be required for ministering to the

needs of a coming family. This frugal woman had been somewhat exercised as to the character that should be

given to the gathering. A sitstill party had its advantages; but an undisturbed position of ease in chairs and

settles was apt to lead on the men to such an unconscionable deal of toping that they would sometimes fairly

drink the house dry. A dancingparty was the alternative; but this, while avoiding the foregoing objection on

the score of good drink, had a counterbalancing disadvantage in the matter of good victuals, the ravenous

appetites engendered by the exercise causing immense havoc in the buttery. Shepherdess Fennel fell back

upon the intermediate plan of mingling short dances with short periods of talk and singing, so as to hinder

any ungovernable rage in either. But this scheme was entirely confined to her own gentle mind: the shepherd

The fiddler was a boy of those parts, about twelve years of age, who had a wonderful dexterity in jigs and

reels, though his fingers were so small and short as to necessitate a constant shifting for the high notes, from

which he scrambled back to the first position with sounds not of unmixed purity of tone. At seven the shrill

tweedledee of this youngster had begun, accompanied by a booming groundbass from Elijah New, the

parishclerk, who had thoughtfully brought with him his favourite musical instrument, the serpent. Dancing

was instantaneous, Mrs. Fennel privately enjoining the players on no account to let the dance exceed the

But Elijah and the boy, in the excitement of their position, quite forgot the injunction. Moreover, Oliver

Giles, a man of seventeen, one of the dancers, who was enamoured of his partner, a fair girl of thirtythree

rolling years, had recklessly handed a new crownpiece to the musicians, as a bribe to keep going as long as

they had muscle and wind. Mrs. Fennel, seeing the steam begin to generate on the countenances of her guests,

crossed over and touched the fiddler's elbow and put her hand on the serpent's mouth. But they took no

notice, and fearing she might lose her character of genial hostess if she were to interfere too markedly, she

retired and sat down helpless. And so the dance whizzed on with cumulative fury, the performers moving in

their planetlike courses, direct and retrograde, from apogee to perigee, till the hand of the wellkicked clock

While these cheerful events were in course of enactment within Fennel's pastoral dwelling, an incident having

considerable bearing on the party had occurred in the gloomy night without. Mrs. Fennel's concern about the

growing fierceness of the dance corresponded in point of time with the ascent of a human figure to the

solitary hill of Higher Crowstairs from the direction of the distant town. This personage strode on through the

rain without a pause, following the littleworn path which, further on in its course, skirted the shepherd's

It was nearly the time of full moon, and on this account, though the sky was lined with a uniform sheet of

dripping cloud, ordinary objects out of doors were readily visible. The sad wan light revealed the lonely

pedestrian to be a man of supple frame; his gait suggested that he had somewhat passed the period of perfect

and instinctive agility, though not so far as to be otherwise than rapid of motion when occasion required. At a

rough guess, he might have been about forty years of age. He appeared tall, but a recruiting sergeant, or other

person accustomed to the judging of men's heights by the eye, would have discerned that this was chiefly

Notwithstanding the regularity of his tread, there was caution in it, as in that of one who mentally feels his

way; and despite the fact that it was not a black coat nor a dark garment of any sort that he wore, there was

something about him which suggested that he naturally belonged to the blackcoated tribes of men. His

clothes were of fustian, and his boots hobnailed, yet in his progress he showed not the mudaccustomed

By the time that he had arrived abreast of the shepherd's premises the rain came down, or rather came along,

with yet more determined violence. The outskirts of the little settlement partially broke the force of wind and

rain, and this induced him to stand still. The most salient of the shepherd's domestic erections was an empty

sty at the forward corner of his hedgeless garden, for in these latitudes the principle of masking the homelier

features of your establishment by a conventional frontage was unknown. The traveller's eye was attracted to

this small building by the pallid shine of the wet slates that covered it. He turned aside, and, finding it empty,

While he stood, the boom of the serpent within the adjacent house, and the lesser strains of the fiddler,

reached the spot as an accompaniment to the surging hiss of the flying rain on the sod, its louder beating on

the cabbageleaves of the garden, on the eight or ten beehives just discernible by the path, and its dripping

from the eaves into a row of buckets and pans that had been placed under the walls of the cottage. For at

Higher Crowstairs, as at all such elevated domiciles, the grand difficulty of housekeeping was an

insufficiency of water; and a casual rainfall was utilized by turning out, as catchers, every utensil that the

house contained. Some queer stories might be told of the contrivances for economy in suds and dishwaters

that are absolutely necessitated in upland habitations during the droughts of summer. But at this season there

were no such exigencies; a mere acceptance of what the skies bestowed was sufficient for an abundant store.

At last the notes of the serpent ceased and the house was silent. This cessation of activity aroused the solitary

pedestrian from the reverie into which he had lapsed, and, emerging from the shed, with an apparently new

intention, he walked up the path to the housedoor. Arrived here, his first act was to kneel down on a large

stone beside the row of vessels, and to drink a copious draught from one of them. Having quenched his thirst

he rose and lifted his hand to knock, but paused with his eye upon the panel. Since the dark surface of the

wood revealed absolutely nothing, it was evident that he must be mentally looking through the door, as if he

wished to measure thereby all the possibilities that a house of this sort might include, and how they might

In his indecision he turned and surveyed the scene around. Not a soul was anywhere visible. The gardenpath

stretched downward from his feet, gleaming like the track of a snail the roof of the little well (mostly dry), the

wellcover, the top rail of the gardengate, were varnished with the same dull liquid glaze; while, far away in

the vale, a faint whiteness of more than usual extent showed that the rivers were high in the meads. Beyond

all this winked a few bleared lamplights through the beating dropslights that denoted the situation of the

countytown from which he had appeared to come. The absence of all notes of life in that direction seemed

Within, a desultory chat had taken the place of movement and musical sound. The hedgecarpenter was

suggesting a song to the company, which nobody just then was inclined to undertake, so that the knock

The latch clicked upward, and out of the night our pedestrian appeared upon the doormat. The shepherd

Their light disclosed that the stranger was dark in complexion and not unprepossessing as to feature. His hat,

which for a moment he did not remove, hung low over his eyes, without concealing that they were large,

open, and determined, moving with a flash rather than a glance round the room. He seemed pleased with his

survey, and, baring his shaggy head, said, in a rich deep voice, 'The rain is so heavy, friends, that I ask leave

'To be sure, stranger,' said the shepherd. 'And faith, you've been lucky in choosing your time, for we are

having a bit of a fling for a glad causethough, to be sure, a man could hardly wish that glad cause to

'Nor less,' spoke up a woman. 'For 'tis best to get your family over and done with, as soon as you can, so as to

The stranger hoped his host might not be made unhappy either by too many or too few of such episodes, and

being invited by a gesture to a pull at the mug, he readily acquiesced. His manner, which, before entering,

'Late it is, master, as you say.I'll take a seat in the chimneycorner, if you have nothing to urge against it,

Mrs. Shepherd Fennel assented, and made room for the selfinvited comer, who, having got completely

inside the chimneycorner, stretched out his legs and his arms with the expansiveness of a person quite at

'Yes, I am rather cracked in the vamp,' he said freely, seeing that the eyes of the shepherd's wife fell upon his

boots, 'and I am not well fitted either. I have had some rough times lately, and have been forced to pick up

what I can get in the way of wearing, but I must find a suit better fit for workingdays when I reach home.'

'But you would hardly have heard of me,' he said quickly. 'My time would be long before yours, ma'am, you

This testimony to the youthfulness of his hostess had the effect of stopping her crossexamination.

'There is only one thing more wanted to make me happy,' continued the newcomer. 'And that is a little

The shepherd filled and handed him a new clay pipe, saying, as he did so, 'Hand me your baccyboxI'll fill

'I am afraid so,' said the man with some confusion. 'Give it to me in a screw of paper.' Lighting his pipe at the

candle with a suction that drew the whole flame into the bowl, he resettled himself in the corner and bent his

Meanwhile the general body of guests had been taking little notice of this visitor by reason of an absorbing

discussion in which they were engaged with the band about a tune for the next dance. The matter being

settled, they were about to stand up when an interruption came in the shape of another knock at the door.

At sound of the same the man in the chimneycorner took up the poker and began stirring the brands as if

doing it thoroughly were the one aim of his existence; and a second time the shepherd said, 'Walk in!' In a

This individual was one of a type radically different from the first. There was more of the commonplace in

his manner, and a certain jovial cosmopolitanism sat upon his features. He was several years older than the

first arrival, his hair being slightly frosted, his eyebrows bristly, and his whiskers cut back from his cheeks.

His face was rather full and flabby, and yet it was not altogether a face without power. A few grogblossoms

marked the neighbourhood of his nose. He flung back his long drab greatcoat, revealing that beneath it he

wore a suit of cindergray shade throughout, large heavy seals, of some metal or other that would take a

polish, dangling from his fob as his only personal ornament. Shaking the waterdrops from his lowcrowned

glazed hat, he said, 'I must ask for a few minutes' shelter, comrades, or I shall be wetted to my skin before I

'Make yourself at home, master,' said the shepherd, perhaps a trifle less heartily than on the first occasion.

Not that Fennel had the least tinge of niggardliness in his composition; but the room was far from large, spare

chairs were not numerous, and damp companions were not altogether desirable at close quarters for the

However, the second comer, after taking off his greatcoat, and hanging his hat on a nail in one of the

ceilingbeams as if he had been specially invited to put it there, advanced and sat down at the table. This had

been pushed so closely into the chimneycorner, to give all available room to the dancers, that its inner edge

grazed the elbow of the man who had ensconced himself by the fire; and thus the two strangers were brought

into close companionship. They nodded to each other by way of breaking the ice of unacquaintance, and the

first stranger handed his neighbour the family muga huge vessel of brown ware, having its upper edge

worn away like a threshold by the rub of whole generations of thirsty lips that had gone the way of all flesh,

and bearing the following inscription burnt upon its rotund side in yellow letters:

The other man, nothing loth, raised the mug to his lips, and drank on, and on, and ontill a curious blueness

overspread the countenance of the shepherd's wife, who had regarded with no little surprise the first stranger's

'I knew it!' said the toper to the shepherd with much satisfaction. 'When I walked up your garden before

coming in, and saw the hives all of a row, I said to myself, "Where there's bees there's honey, and where

there's honey there's mead." But mead of such a truly comfortable sort as this I really didn't expect to meet in

my older days.' He took yet another pull at the mug, till it assumed an ominous elevation.

'It is goodish mead,' assented Mrs. Fennel, with an absence of enthusiasm which seemed to say that it was

possible to buy praise for one's cellar at too heavy a price. 'It is trouble enough to makeand really I hardly

think we shall make any more. For honey sells well, and we ourselves can make shift with a drop o' small

'O, but you'll never have the heart!' reproachfully cried the stranger in cindergray, after taking up the mug a

third time and setting it down empty. 'I love mead, when 'tis old like this, as I love to go to church o' Sundays,

'Ha, ha, ha!' said the man in the chimneycorner, who, in spite of the taciturnity induced by the pipe of

tobacco, could not or would not refrain from this slight testimony to his comrade's humour.

Now the old mead of those days, brewed of the purest firstyear or maiden honey, four pounds to the

gallonwith its due complement of white of eggs, cinnamon, ginger, cloves, mace, rosemary, yeast, and

processes of working, bottling, and cellaringtasted remarkably strong; but it did not taste so strong as it

actually was. Hence, presently, the stranger in cindergray at the table, moved by its creeping influence,

unbuttoned his waistcoat, threw himself back in his chair, spread his legs, and made his presence felt in

'Well, well, as I say,' he resumed, 'I am going to Casterbridge, and to Casterbridge I must go. I should have

been almost there by this time; but the rain drove me into your dwelling, and I'm not sorry for it.'

'No, no,' said the shepherd's wife. 'It is easy to see that the gentleman is rich, and don't want to work at

The cindergray stranger paused, as if to consider whether he would accept that definition of himself. He

presently rejected it by answering, 'Rich is not quite the word for me, dame. I do work, and I must work. And

even if I only get to Casterbridge by midnight I must begin work there at eight tomorrow morning. Yes, het

'Poor man! Then, in spite o' seeming, you be worse off than we?' replied the shepherd's wife.

''Tis the nature of my trade, men and maidens. 'Tis the nature of my trade more than my poverty.... But really

and truly I must up and off, or I shan't get a lodging in the town.' However, the speaker did not move, and

directly added, 'There's time for one more draught of friendship before I go; and I'd perform it at once if the

'Here's a mug o' small,' said Mrs. Fennel. 'Small, we call it, though to be sure 'tis only the first wash o' the

'No,' said the stranger disdainfully. 'I won't spoil your first kindness by partaking o' your second.'

'Certainly not,' broke in Fennel. 'We don't increase and multiply every day, and I'll fill the mug again.' He

went away to the dark place under the stairs where the barrel stood. The shepherdess followed him.

'Why should you do this? ' she said reproachfully, as soon as they were alone. 'He's emptied it once, though it

held enough for ten people; and now he's not contented wi' the small, but must needs call for more o' the

strong! And a stranger unbeknown to any of us. For my part, I don't like the look o' the man at all.'

'But he's in the house, my honey; and 'tis a wet night, and a christening. Daze it, what's a cup of mead more or

'Very wellthis time, then,' she answered, looking wistfully at the barrel. 'But what is the man's calling, and

The catastrophe of having the mug drained dry at one pull by the stranger in cindergray was effectually

guarded against this time by Mrs. Fennel. She poured out his allowance in a small cup, keeping the large one

at a discreet distance from him. When he had tossed off his portion the shepherd renewed his inquiry about

The latter did not immediately reply, and the man in the chimneycorner, with sudden demonstrativeness,

'And anybody may know mineif they've the sense to find it out,' said the stranger in cindergray.

'You may generally tell what a man is by his claws,' observed the hedgecarpenter, looking at his own hands.

The hands of the man in the chimneycorner instinctively sought the shade, and he gazed into the fire as he

resumed his pipe. The man at the table took up the hedgecarpenter's remark, and added smartly, 'True; but

the oddity of my trade is that, instead of setting a mark upon me, it sets a mark upon my customers.'

No observation being offered by anybody in elucidation of this enigma, the shepherd's wife once more called

for a song. The same obstacles presented themselves as at the former timeone had no voice, another had

forgotten the first verse. The stranger at the table, whose soul had now risen to a good working temperature,

relieved the difficulty by exclaiming that, to start the company, he would sing himself. Thrusting one thumb

into the armhole of his waistcoat, he waved the other hand in the air, and, with an extemporizing gaze at the

'O my trade it is the rarest one, Simple shepherds all My trade is a sight to see; For my customers I tie,

The room was silent when he had finished the versewith one exception, that of the man in the

chimneycorner, who, at the singer's word, 'Chorus!' joined him in a deep bass voice of musical relish

Oliver Giles, John Pitcher the dairyman, the parishclerk, the engaged man of fifty, the row of young women

against the wall, seemed lost in thought not of the gayest kind. The shepherd looked meditatively on the

ground, the shepherdess gazed keenly at the singer, and with some suspicion; she was doubting whether this

stranger were merely singing an old song from recollection, or was composing one there and then for the

occasion. All were as perplexed at the obscure revelation as the guests at Belshazzar's Feast, except the man

in the chimneycorner, who quietly said, 'Second verse, stranger,' and smoked on.

The singer thoroughly moistened himself from his lips inwards, and went on with the next stanza as

'My tools are but common ones, Simple shepherds all My tools are no sight to see: A little hempen string,

Shepherd Fennel glanced round. There was no longer any doubt that the stranger was answering his question

rhythmically. The guests one and all started back with suppressed exclamations. The young woman engaged

to the man of fifty fainted halfway, and would have proceeded, but finding him wanting in alacrity for

'O, he's the !' whispered the people in the background, mentioning the name of an ominous public

officer. 'He's come to do it! 'Tis to be at Casterbridge jail tomorrowthe man for sheepstealingthe poor

clockmaker we heard of, who used to live away at Shottsford and had no work to doTimothy Summers,

whose family were astarving, and so he went out of Shottsford by the highroad, and took a sheep in open

daylight, defying the farmer and the farmer's wife and the farmer's lad, and every man jack among 'em. He'

(and they nodded towards the stranger of the deadly trade) 'is come from up the country to do it because

there's not enough to do in his own countytown, and he's got the place here now our own county man's dead;

The stranger in cindergray took no notice of this whispered string of observations, but again wetted his lips.

Seeing that his friend in the chimneycorner was the only one who reciprocated his joviality in any way, he

held out his cup towards that appreciative comrade, who also held out his own. They clinked together, the

eyes of the rest of the room hanging upon the singer's actions. He parted his lips for the third verse; but at that

moment another knock was audible upon the door. This time the knock was faint and hesitating.

The company seemed scared; the shepherd looked with consternation towards the entrance, and it was with

some effort that he resisted his alarmed wife's deprecatory glance, and uttered for the third time the

The door was gently opened, and another man stood upon the mat. He, like those who had preceded him, was

a stranger. This time it was a short, small personage, of fair complexion, and dressed in a decent suit of dark

'Can you tell me the way to?' he began: when, gazing round the room to observe the nature of the

company amongst whom he had fallen, his eyes lighted on the stranger in cindergray. It was just at the

instant when the latter, who had thrown his mind into his song with such a will that he scarcely heeded the

interruption, silenced all whispers and inquiries by bursting into his third verse:

'Tomorrow is my working day, Simple shepherds all Tomorrow is a working day for me: For the

farmer's sheep is slain, and the lad who did it ta'en, And on his soul may God ha' mercy!'

The stranger in the chimneycorner, waving cups with the singer so heartily that his mead splashed over on

All this time the third stranger had been standing in the doorway. Finding now that he did not come forward

or go on speaking, the guests particularly regarded him. They noticed to their surprise that he stood before

them the picture of abject terrorhis knees trembling, his hand shaking so violently that the doorlatch by

which he supported himself rattled audibly: his white lips were parted, and his eyes fixed on the merry officer

of justice in the middle of the room. A moment more and he had turned, closed the door, and fled.

The rest, between the awfulness of their late discovery and the odd conduct of this third visitor, looked as if

they knew not what to think, and said nothing. Instinctively they withdrew further and further from the grim

gentleman in their midst, whom some of them seemed to take for the Prince of Darkness himself, till they

The room was so silentthough there were more than twenty people in itthat nothing could be heard but

the patter of the rain against the windowshutters, accompanied by the occasional hiss of a stray drop that fell

down the chimney into the fire, and the steady puffing of the man in the corner, who had now resumed his

The stillness was unexpectedly broken. The distant sound of a gun reverberated through the airapparently

All listened. The sound was repeated, and none of them spoke but the man in the chimneycorner, who said

quietly, 'I've often been told that in this county they fire a gun at such times; but I never heard it till now.'

'Surely it is!' said the shepherd involuntarily. 'And surely we've zeed him! That little man who looked in at

'Truehis teeth chattered, and his heart seemed to sink; and he bolted as if he'd been shot at,' slowly

'We were all awondering what made him run off in such a fright,' faltered one of the women against the

The firing of the alarmgun went on at intervals, low and sullenly, and their suspicions became a certainty.

The sinister gentleman in cindergray roused himself. 'Is there a constable here?' he asked, in thick tones. 'If

The engaged man of fifty stepped quavering out from the wall, his betrothed beginning to sob on the back of

'Then, pursue the criminal at once, with assistance, and bring him back here. He can't have gone far.'

'I will sir, I willwhen I've got my staff. I'll go home and get it, and come sharp here, and start in a body.'

'But I can't do nothing without my staffcan I, William, and John, and Charles Jake? No; for there's the

king's royal crown a painted on en in yaller and gold, and the lion and the unicorn, so as when I raise en up

and hit my prisoner, 'tis made a lawful blow thereby. I wouldn't 'tempt to take up a man without my

staffno, not I. If I hadn't the law to gie me courage, why, instead o' my taking up him he might take up me!'

'Now, I'm a king's man myself, and can give you authority enough for this,' said the formidable officer in

'Staves and pitchforksin the name o' the law! And take 'em in yer hands and go in quest, and do as we in

Thus aroused, the men prepared to give chase. The evidence was, indeed, though circumstantial, so

convincing, that but little argument was needed to show the shepherd's guests that after what they had seen it

would look very much like connivance if they did not instantly pursue the unhappy third stranger, who could

A shepherd is always well provided with lanterns; and, lighting these hastily, and with hurdlestaves in their

hands, they poured out of the door, taking a direction along the crest of the hill, away from the town, the rain

Disturbed by the noise, or possibly by unpleasant dreams of her baptism, the child who had been christened

began to cry heartbrokenly in the room overhead. These notes of grief came down through the chinks of the

floor to the ears of the women below, who jumped up one by one, and seemed glad of the excuse to ascend

and comfort the baby, for the incidents of the last halfhour greatly oppressed them. Thus in the space of two

But it was not for long. Hardly had the sound of footsteps died away when a man returned round the corner of

the house from the direction the pursuers had taken. Peeping in at the door, and seeing nobody there, he

entered leisurely. It was the stranger of the chimneycorner, who had gone out with the rest. The motive of

his return was shown by his helping himself to a cut piece of skimmercake that lay on a ledge beside where

he had sat, and which he had apparently forgotten to take with him. He also poured out half a cup more mead

from the quantity that remained, ravenously eating and drinking these as he stood. He had not finished when

'Oyou here?' said the latter, smiling. 'I thought you had gone to help in the capture.' And this speaker also

revealed the object of his return by looking solicitously round for the fascinating mug of old mead.

'And I thought you had gone,' said the other, continuing his skimmercake with some effort.

'Well, on second thoughts, I felt there were enough without me,' said the first confidentially, 'and such a night

as it is, too. Besides, 'tis the business o' the Government to take care of its criminalsnot mine.'

'I don't want to break my limbs running over the humps and hollows of this wild country.'

'These shepherdpeople are used to itsimpleminded souls, you know, stirred up to anything in a moment.

'True, true. Well, my way is to Casterbridge; and 'tis as much as my legs will do to take me that far. Going the

'No, I am sorry to say! I have to get home over there' (he nodded indefinitely to the right), 'and I feel as you

The other had by this time finished the mead in the mug, after which, shaking hands heartily at the door, and

In the meantime the company of pursuers had reached the end of the hog'sback elevation which dominated

this part of the down. They had decided on no particular plan of action; and, finding that the man of the

baleful trade was no longer in their company, they seemed quite unable to form any such plan now. They

descended in all directions down the hill, and straightway several of the party fell into the snare set by Nature

for all misguided midnight ramblers over this part of the cretaceous formation. The 'lanchets,' or flint slopes,

which belted the escarpment at intervals of a dozen yards, took the less cautious ones unawares, and losing

their footing on the rubbly steep they slid sharply downwards, the lanterns rolling from their hands to the

When they had again gathered themselves together, the shepherd, as the man who knew the country best,

took the lead, and guided them round these treacherous inclines. The lanterns, which seemed rather to dazzle

their eyes and warn the fugitive than to assist them in the exploration, were extinguished, due silence was

observed; and in this more rational order they plunged into the vale. It was a grassy, briery, moist defile,

affording some shelter to any person who had sought it; but the party perambulated it in vain, and ascended

on the other side. Here they wandered apart, and after an interval closed together again to report progress. At

the second time of closing in they found themselves near a lonely ash, the single tree on this part of the

coomb, probably sown there by a passing bird some fifty years before. And here, standing a little to one side

of the trunk, as motionless as the trunk itself, appeared the man they were in quest of, his outline being well

'No, no,' whispered John Pitcher. ''Tisn't our side ought to say that. That's the doctrine of vagabonds like him,

'Well, well,' replied the constable impatiently; 'I must say something, mustn't I? and if you had all the weight

o' this undertaking upon your mind, perhaps you'd say the wrong thing too!Prisoner at the bar, surrender,

The man under the tree seemed now to notice them for the first time, and, giving them no opportunity

whatever for exhibiting their courage, he strolled slowly towards them. He was, indeed, the little man, the

'You did: you've got to come and be our prisoner at once!' said the constable. 'We arrest 'ee on the charge of

not biding in Casterbridge jail in a decent proper manner to be hung tomorrow morning. Neighbours, do

On hearing the charge, the man seemed enlightened, and, saying not another word, resigned himself with

preternatural civility to the searchparty, who, with their staves in their hands, surrounded him on all sides,

It was eleven o'clock by the time they arrived. The light shining from the open door, a sound of men's voices

within, proclaimed to them as they approached the house that some new events had arisen in their absence.

On entering they discovered the shepherd's living room to be invaded by two officers from Casterbridge jail,

and a wellknown magistrate who lived at the nearest countryseat, intelligence of the escape having become

'Gentlemen,' said the constable, 'I have brought back your mannot without risk and danger; but every one

must do his duty! He is inside this circle of ablebodied persons, who have lent me useful aid, considering

their ignorance of Crown work. Men, bring forward your prisoner!' And the third stranger was led to the

'But how can it be otherwise?' asked the constable. 'or why was he so terrified at sight o' the singing

instrument of the law who sat there?' Here he related the strange behaviour of the third stranger on entering

'Can't understand it,' said the officer coolly. 'All I know is that it is not the condemned man. He's quite a

different character from this one; a gauntish fellow, with dark hair and eyes, rather goodlooking, and with a

musical bass voice that if you heard it once you'd never mistake as long as you lived.'

'Heywhat?' said the magistrate, coming forward after inquiring particulars from the shepherd in the

'Well, sir,' said the constable, 'he's the man we were in search of, that's true; and yet he's not the man we were

in search of. For the man we were in search of was not the man we wanted, sir, if you understand my

'A pretty kettle of fish altogether!' said the magistrate. 'You had better start for the other man at once.'

The prisoner now spoke for the first time. The mention of the man in the chimneycorner seemed to have

moved him as nothing else could do. 'Sir,' he said, stepping forward to the magistrate, 'take no more trouble

about me. The time is come when I may as well speak. I have done nothing; my crime is that the condemned

man is my brother. Early this afternoon I left home at Shottsford to tramp it all the way to Casterbridge jail to

bid him farewell. I was benighted, and called here to rest and ask the way. When I opened the door I saw

before me the very man, my brother, that I thought to see in the condemned cell at Casterbridge. He was in

this chimneycorner; and jammed close to him, so that he could not have got out if he had tried, was the

executioner who'd come to take his life, singing a song about it and not knowing that it was his victim who

was close by, joining in to save appearances. My brother looked a glance of agony at me, and I knew he

meant, "Don't reveal what you see; my life depends on it." I was so terrorstruck that I could hardly stand,

The narrator's manner and tone had the stamp of truth, and his story made a great impression on all around.

'And do you know where your brother is at the present time?' asked the magistrate.

'I can testify to that, for we've been between ye ever since,' said the constable.

'The wheels of clocks and watches he meant, no doubt,' said Shepherd Fennel. 'I thought his hands were

'Well, it appears to me that nothing can be gained by retaining this poor man in custody,' said the magistrate;

And so the little man was released offhand; but he looked nothing the less sad on that account, it being

beyond the power of magistrate or constable to raze out the written troubles in his brain, for they concerned

another whom he regarded with more solicitude than himself. When this was done, and the man had gone his

way, the night was found to be so far advanced that it was deemed useless to renew the search before the next

Next day, accordingly, the quest for the clever sheepstealer became general and keen, to all appearance at

least. But the intended punishment was cruelly disproportioned to the transgression, and the sympathy of a

great many countryfolk in that district was strongly on the side of the fugitive. Moreover, his marvellous

coolness and daring in hobandnobbing with the hangman, under the unprecedented circumstances of the

shepherd's party, won their admiration. So that it may be questioned if all those who ostensibly made

themselves so busy in exploring woods and fields and lanes were quite so thorough when it came to the

private examination of their own lofts and outhouses. Stories were afloat of a mysterious figure being

occasionally seen in some old overgrown trackway or other, remote from turnpike roads; but when a search

was instituted in any of these suspected quarters nobody was found. Thus the days and weeks passed without

In brief, the bassvoiced man of the chimneycorner was never recaptured. Some said that he went across the

sea, others that he did not, but buried himself in the depths of a populous city. At any rate, the gentleman in

cindergray never did his morning's work at Casterbridge, nor met anywhere at all, for business purposes, the

genial comrade with whom he had passed an hour of relaxation in the lonely house on the coomb.

The grass has long been green on the graves of Shepherd Fennel and his frugal wife; the guests who made up

the christening party have mainly followed their entertainers to the tomb; the baby in whose honour they all

had met is a matron in the sere and yellow leaf. But the arrival of the three strangers at the shepherd's that

night, and the details connected therewith, is a story as well known as ever in the country about Higher

Many years ago, when oaktrees now past their prime were about as large as elderly gentlemen's

walkingsticks, there lived in Wessex a yeoman's son, whose name was Hubert. He was about fourteen years

of age, and was as remarkable for his candour and lightness of heart as for his physical courage, of which,

One cold Christmas Eve his father, having no other help at hand, sent him on an important errand to a small

town several miles from home. He travelled on horseback, and was detained by the business till a late hour of

the evening. At last, however, it was completed; he returned to the inn, the horse was saddled, and he started

on his way. His journey homeward lay through the Vale of Blackmore, a fertile but somewhat lonely district,

with heavy clay roads and crooked lanes. In those days, too, a great part of it was thickly wooded.

It must have been about nine o'clock when, riding along amid the overhanging trees upon his stoutlegged

cob Jerry, and singing a Christmas carol, to be in harmony with the season, Hubert fancied that he heard a

noise among the boughs. This recalled to his mind that the spot he was traversing bore an evil name. Men had

been waylaid there. He looked at Jerry, and wished he had been of any other colour than light grey; for on

this account the docile animal's form was visible even here in the dense shade. "What do I care?" he said

aloud, after a few minutes of reflection. "Jerry's legs are too nimble to allow any highwayman to come near

"Ha! ha! indeed," was said in a deep voice; and the next moment a man darted from the thicket on his right

hand, another man from the thicket on his left hand, and another from a treetrunk a few yards ahead.

Hubert's bridle was seized, he was pulled from his horse, and although he struck out with all his might, as a

brave boy would naturally do, he was overpowered. His arms were tied behind him, his legs bound tightly

together, and he was thrown into the ditch. The robbers, whose faces he could now dimly perceive to be

As soon as Hubert had a little recovered himself, he found that by great exertion he was able to extricate his

legs from the cord; but, in spite of every endeavour, his arms remained bound as fast as before. All, therefore,

that he could do was to rise to his feet and proceed on his way with his arms behind him, and trust to chance

for getting them unfastened. He knew that it would be impossible to reach home on foot that night, and in

such a condition; but he walked on. Owing to the confusion which this attack caused in his brain, he lost his

way, and would have been inclined to lie down and rest till morning among the dead leaves had he not known

the danger of sleeping without wrappers in a frost so severe. So he wandered further onwards, his arms wrung

and numbed by the cord which pinioned him, and his heart aching for the loss of poor Jerry, who never had

been known to kick, or bite, or show a single vicious habit. He was not a little glad when he discerned

through the trees a distant light. Towards this he made his way, and presently found himself in front of a large

mansion with flanking wings, gables, and towers, the battlements and chimneys showing their shapes against

All was silent; but the door stood wide open, it being from this door that the light shone which had attracted

him. On entering he found himself in a vast apartment arranged as a dininghall, and brilliantly illuminated.

The walls were covered with a great deal of dark wainscoting, formed into moulded panels, carvings,

closetdoors, and the usual fittings of a house of that kind. But what drew his attention most was the large

table in the midst of the hall, upon which was spread a sumptuous supper, as yet untouched. Chairs were

placed around, and it appeared as if something had occurred to interrupt the meal just at the time when all

Even had Hubert been so inclined, he could not have eaten in his helpless state, unless by dipping his mouth

into the dishes, like a pig or cow. He wished first to obtain assistance; and was about to penetrate further into

the house for that purpose when he heard hasty footsteps in the porch and the words, "Be quick!" uttered in

the deep voice which had reached him when he was dragged from the horse. There was only just time for him

to dart under the table before three men entered the dininghall. Peeping from beneath the hanging edges of

the tablecloth, he perceived that their faces, too, were blackened, which at once removed any remaining

"Now, then," said the firstthe man with the deep voice"let us hide ourselves. They will all be back again

"But they will soon find out that it was a false alarm. Come, where shall we hide? It must be some place we

can stay in for two or three hours, till all are in bed and asleep. Ah! I have it. Come this way! I have learnt

that the further closet is not opened once in a twelvemonth; it will serve our purpose exactly."

The speaker advanced into a corridor which led from the hall. Creeping a little farther forward, Hubert could

discern that the closet stood at the end, facing the dininghall. The thieves entered it, and closed the door.

Hardly breathing, Hubert glided forward, to learn a little more of their intention, if possible; and, coming

close, he could hear the robbers whispering about the different rooms where the jewels, plate, and other

They had not been long in hiding when a gay chattering of ladies and gentlemen was audible on the terrace

without. Hubert felt that it would not do to be caught prowling about the house, unless he wished to be taken

for a robber himself; and he slipped softly back to the hall, out at the door, and stood in a dark corner of the

porch, where he could see everything without being himself seen. In a moment or two a whole troop of

personages came gliding past him into the house. There were an elderly gentleman and lady, eight or nine

young ladies, as many young men, besides halfadozen menservants and maids. The mansion had

"Now, children and young people, we will resume our meal," said the old gentleman. "What the noise could

have been I cannot understand. I never felt so certain in my life that there was a person being murdered

Then the ladies began saying how frightened they had been, and how they had expected an adventure, and

"Wait a while," said Hubert to himself. "You'll have adventure enough byandby, ladies."

It appeared that the young men and women were married sons and daughters of the old couple, who had

He thought this a proper moment for asking their assistance; and, since he was unable to knock with his

"Hullo! What disturbance are you making here?" said a footman who opened it; and, seizing Hubert by the

shoulder, he pulled him into the dininghall. "Here's a strange boy I have found making a noise in the porch,

"Bring him forward," said Sir Simon, the old gentleman before mentioned. "What were you doing there, my

Hubert at once began to explain that he had been waylaid on his journey home, robbed of his horse, and

"There is a curiously wild wicked look about him, certainly, now that I examine him closely," said the old

Hubert blushed with shame; and, instead of continuing his story, and relating that robbers were concealed in

the house, he doggedly held his tongue, and half resolved to let them find out their danger for themselves.

"Well, untie him," said Sir Simon. "Come, since it is Christmas Eve, we'll treat him well. Here, my lad; sit

down in that empty seat at the bottom of the table, and make as good a meal as you can. When you have had

The feast then proceeded; and Hubert, now at liberty, was not at all sorry to join in. The more they eat and

drank the merrier did the company become; the wine flowed freely, the logs flared up the chimney, the ladies

laughed at the gentlemen's stories; in short, all went as noisily and as happily as a Christmas gathering in old

Hubert, in spite of his hurt feelings at their doubts of his honesty, could not help being warmed both in mind

and in body by the good cheer, the scene, and the example of hilarity set by his neighbours. At last he

laughed as heartily at their stories and repartees as the old Baronet, Sir Simon, himself. When the meal was

almost over one of the sons, who had drunk a little too much wine, after the manner of men in that century,

said to Hubert, "Well, my boy, how are you? Can you take a pinch of snuff?" He held out one of the

snuffboxes which were then becoming common among young and old throughout the country.

"Tell the ladies who you are, what you are made of, and what you can do," the young man continued,

"Certainly," said our hero, drawing himself up, and thinking it best to put a bold face on the matter. "I am a

"Haha!" said the old Baronet, pleasantly rubbing his hands. "We must see this performance. Girls, don't go

Hubert rose from the table. "Hand me your snuffbox, please," he said to the young man who had made free

with him. "And now," he continued, "without the least noise, follow me. If any of you speak it will break the

They promised obedience. He entered the corridor, and, taking off his shoes, went on tiptoe to the closet door,

the guests advancing in a silent group at a little distance behind him. Hubert next placed a stool in front of the

door, and, by standing upon it, was tall enough to reach to the top. He then, just as noiselessly, poured all the

snuff from the box along the upper edge of the door, and, with a few short puffs of breath, blew the snuff

through the chink into the interior of the closet. He held up his finger to the assembly, that they might be

Hubert took advantage of the moment to gently slide the bolt of the closet door into its place. "More snuff,"

"More snuff," said Sir Simon. Two or three gentlemen passed their boxes, and the contents were blown in at

the top of the closet. Another sneeze, not quite so well suppressed as the first, was heard: then another, which

seemed to say that it would not be suppressed under any circumstances whatever at length there arose a

"Excellent, excellent for one so young!" said Sir Simon. "I am much interested in this trick of throwing the

"More snuff," said Sir Simon. Sir Simon's man brought a large jar of the best scented Scotch.

Hubert once more charged the upper chink of the closet, and blew the snuff into the interior, as before. Again

he charged, and again, emptying the whole contents of the jar. The tumult of sneezes became really

extraordinary to listen tothere was no cessation. It was like wind, rain, and sea battling in a hurricane.

"I believe there are men inside, and that it is no trick at all!" exclaimed Sir Simon, the truth flashing on him.

"There are," said Hubert. "They are come to rob the house; and they are the same who stole my horse."

The sneezes changed to spasmodic groans. One of the thieves, hearing Hubert's voice, cried, "Oh! mercy!

"Tied to the tree in the hollow behind Short's Gibbet. Mercy! mercy! let us out, or we shall die of

All the Christmas guests now perceived that this was no longer sport, but serious earnest. Guns and cudgels

were procured; all the menservants were called in, and arranged in position outside the closet. At a signal

Hubert withdrew the bolt, and stood on the defensive. But the three robbers, far from attacking them, were

found crouching in the corner, gasping for breath. They made no resistance; and, being pinioned, were placed

Hubert now gave the remainder of his story to the assembled company, and was profusely thanked for the

services he had rendered. Sir Simon pressed him to stay over the night, and accept the use of the best

bedroom the house afforded, which had been occupied by Queen Elizabeth and King Charles successively

when on their visits to this part of the country. But Hubert declined, being anxious to find his horse Jerry, and

Several of the guests accompanied Hubert to the spot behind the gibbet, alluded to by the thieves as where

Jerry was hidden. When they reached the knoll and looked over, behold! there the horse stood, uninjured, and

quite unconcerned. At sight of Hubert he neighed joyfully; and nothing could exceed Hubert's gladness at

finding him. He mounted, wished his friends "Goodnight!" and cantered off in the direction they pointed out