The Two Brothers...............................................................................................................................................1

Honore de Balzac .....................................................................................................................................1

CHAPTER I .............................................................................................................................................2

CHAPTER II ............................................................................................................................................8

CHAPTER III........................................................................................................................................17

CHAPTER IV........................................................................................................................................27

CHAPTER V.........................................................................................................................................35

CHAPTER VI........................................................................................................................................44

CHAPTER VII .......................................................................................................................................53

CHAPTER VIII.....................................................................................................................................64

CHAPTER IX........................................................................................................................................74

CHAPTER X.........................................................................................................................................82

CHAPTER XI........................................................................................................................................92

CHAPTER XII .....................................................................................................................................102

CHAPTER XIII...................................................................................................................................112

CHAPTER XIV...................................................................................................................................122

CHAPTER XV....................................................................................................................................132

CHAPTER XVI...................................................................................................................................143

CHAPTER XVII ..................................................................................................................................153

In 1792 the townspeople of Issoudun enjoyed the services of a physician named Rouget, whom they held to

be a man of consummate malignity. Were we to believe certain bold tongues, he made his wife extremely

unhappy, although she was the most beautiful woman of the neighborhood. Perhaps, indeed, she was rather

silly. But the prying of friends, the slander of enemies, and the gossip of acquaintances, had never succeeded

in laying bare the interior of that household. Doctor Rouget was a man of whom we say in common parlance,

"He is not pleasant to deal with." Consequently, during his lifetime, his townsmen kept silence about him and

treated him civilly. His wife, a demoiselle Descoings, feeble in health during her girlhood (which was said to

be a reason why the doctor married her), gave birth to a son, and also to a daughter who arrived,

unexpectedly, ten years after her brother, and whose birth took the husband, doctor though he were, by

These little facts are so simple, so commonplace, that a writer seems scarcely justified in placing them in the

forefront of his history; yet if they are not known, a man of Doctor Rouget's stamp would be thought a

monster, an unnatural father, when, in point of fact, he was only following out the evil tendencies which

many people shelter under the terrible axiom that "men should have strength of character,"a masculine

The Descoings, fatherinlaw and motherinlaw of the doctor, were commission merchants in the

wooltrade, and did a double business by selling for the producers and buying for the manufacturers of the

golden fleeces of Berry; thus pocketing a commission on both sides. In this way they grew rich and

miserlythe outcome of many such lives. Descoings the son, younger brother of Madame Rouget, did not

like Issoudun. He went to seek his fortune in Paris, where he set up as a grocer in the rue SaintHonore. That

step led to his ruin. But nothing could have hindered it: a grocer is drawn to his business by an attracting

force quite equal to the repelling force which drives artists away from it. We do not sufficiently study the

social potentialities which make up the various vocations of life. It would be interesting to know what

determines one man to be a stationer rather than a baker; since, in our day, sons are not compelled to follow

the calling of their fathers, as they were among the Egyptians. In this instance, love decided the vocation of

Descoings. He said to himself, "I, too, will be a grocer!" and in the same breath he said (also to himself) some

other things regarding his employer,a beautiful creature, with whom he had fallen desperately in love.

Without other help than patience and the trifling sum of money his father and mother sent him, he married the

In 1792 Descoings was thought to be doing an excellent business. At that time, the old Descoings were still

living. They had retired from the wooltrade, and were employing their capital in buying up the forfeited

estates,another golden fleece! Their soninlaw Doctor Rouget, who, about this time, felt pretty sure that

he should soon have to mourn for the death of his wife, sent his daughter to Paris to the care of his

brotherinlaw, partly to let her see the capital, but still more to carry out an artful scheme of his own.

Descoings had no children. Madame Descoings, twelve years older than her husband, was in good health, but

as fat as a thrush after harvest; and the canny Rouget knew enough professionally to be certain that Monsieur

and Madame Descoings, contrary to the moral of fairy tales, would live happy ever after without having any

That young girl, the handsomest maiden in Issoudun, did not resemble either father or mother. Her birth had

caused a lasting breach between Doctor Rouget and his intimate friend Monsieur Lousteau, a former sub

delegate who had lately removed from the town. When a family expatriates itself, the natives of a place as

attractive as Issoudun have a right to inquire into the reasons of so surprising a step. It was said by certain

sharp tongues that Doctor Rouget, a vindictive man, had been heard to exclaim that Monsieur Lousteau

should die by his hand. Uttered by a physician, this declaration had the force of a cannonball. When the

National Assembly suppressed the subdelegates, Lousteau and his family left Issoudun, and never returned

there. After their departure Madame Rouget spent most of her time with the sister of the late subdelegate,

Madame Hochon, who was the godmother of her daughter, and the only person to whom she confided her

griefs. The little that the good town of Issoudun ever really knew of the beautiful Madame Rouget was told

The first words of Madame Rouget, when informed by her husband that he meant to send Agathe to Paris,

After this, the poor mother grew as yellow as a quince, and her appearance did not contradict the tongues of

those who declared that Doctor Rouget was killing her by inches. The behavior of her booby of a son must

have added to the misery of the poor woman so unjustly accused. Not restrained, possibly encouraged by his

father, the young fellow, who was in every way stupid, paid her neither the attentions nor the respect which a

son owes to a mother. JeanJacques Rouget was like his father, especially on the latter's worst side; and the

The arrival of the charming Agathe Rouget did not bring happiness to her uncle Descoings; for in the same

week (or rather, we should say decade, for the Republic had then been proclaimed) he was imprisoned on a

hint from Robespierre given to FouquierTinville. Descoings, who was imprudent enough to think the famine

fictitious, had the additional folly, under the impression that opinions were free, to express that opinion to

several of his male and female customers as he served them in the grocery. The citoyenne Duplay, wife of a

cabinet maker with whom Robespierre lodged, and who looked after the affairs of that eminent citizen,

patronized, unfortunately, the Descoings establishment. She considered the opinions of the grocer insulting to

Maximilian the First. Already displeased with the manners of Descoings, this illustrious "tricoteuse" of the

Jacobin club regarded the beauty of his wife as a kind of aristocracy. She infused a venom of her own into the

grocer's remarks when she repeated them to her good and gentle master, and the poor man was speedily

No sooner was he put in prison, than his wife set to work to obtain his release. But the steps she took were so

illjudged that any one hearing her talk to the arbiters of his fate might have thought that she was in reality

seeking to get rid of him. Madame Descoings knew Bridau, one of the secretaries of Roland, then minister of

the interior,the righthand man of all the ministers who succeeded each other in that office. She put Bridau

on the warpath to save her grocer. That incorruptible officialone of the virtuous dupes who are always

admirably disinterestedwas careful not to corrupt the men on whom the fate of the poor grocer depended;

on the contrary, he endeavored to enlighten them. Enlighten people in those days! As well might he have

begged them to bring back the Bourbons. The Girondist minister, who was then contending against

Robespierre, said to his secretary, "Why do you meddle in the matter?" and all others to whom the worthy

Bridau appealed made the same atrocious reply: "Why do you meddle?" Bridau then sagely advised Madame

Descoings to keep quiet and await events. But instead of conciliating Robespierre's housekeeper, she fretted

and fumed against that informer, and even complained to a member of the Convention, who, trembling for

himself, replied hastily, "I will speak of it to Robespierre." The handsome petitioner put faith in this promise,

which the other carefully forgot. A few loaves of sugar, or a bottle or two of good liqueur, given to the

This little mishap proves that in revolutionary times it is quite as dangerous to employ honest men as

scoundrels; we should rely on ourselves alone. Descoings perished; but he had the glory of going to the

scaffold with Andre Chenier. There, no doubt, grocery and poetry embraced for the first time in the flesh;

although they have, and ever have had, intimate secret relations. The death of Descoings produced far more

sensation than that of Andre Chenier. It has taken thirty years to prove to France that she lost more by the

This act of Robespierre led to one good result: the terrified grocers let politics alone until 1830. Descoings's

shop was not a hundred yards from Robespierre's lodging. His successor was scarcely more fortunate than

himself. Cesar Birotteau, the celebrated perfumer of the "Queen of Roses," bought the premises; but, as if the

scaffold had left some inexplicable contagion behind it, the inventor of the "Paste of Sultans" and the

"Carminative Balm" came to his ruin in that very shop. The solution of the problem here suggested belongs to

During the visits which Roland's secretary paid to the unfortunate Madame Descoings, he was struck with the

cold, calm, innocent beauty of Agathe Rouget. While consoling the widow, who, however, was too

inconsolable to carry on the business of her second deceased husband, he married the charming girl, with the

consent of her father, who hastened to give his approval to the match. Doctor Rouget, delighted to hear that

matters were going beyond his expectations,for his wife, on the death of her brother, had become sole

heiress of the Descoings,rushed to Paris, not so much to be present at the wedding as to see that the

marriage contract was drawn to suit him. The ardent and disinterested love of citizen Bridau gave carte

blanche to the perfidious doctor, who made the most of his soninlaw's blindness, as the following history

Madame Rouget, or, to speak more correctly, the doctor, inherited all the property, landed and personal, of

Monsieur and Madame Descoings the elder, who died within two years of each other; and soon after that,

Rouget got the better, as we may say, of his wife, for she died at the beginning of the year 1799. So he had

vineyards and he bought farms, he owned ironworks and he sold fleeces. His wellbeloved son was stupidly

incapable of doing anything; but the father destined him for the state in life of a land proprietor and allowed

him to grow up in wealth and silliness, certain that the lad would know as much as the wisest if he simply let

himself live and die. After 1799, the cipherers of Issoudun put, at the very least, thirty thousand francs'

income to the doctor's credit. From the time of his wife's death he led a debauched life, though he regulated it,

so to speak, and kept it within the closed doors of his own house. This man, endowed with "strength of

character," died in 1805, and God only knows what the townspeople of Issoudun said about him then, and

how many anecdotes they related of his horrible private life. JeanJacques Rouget, whom his father,

recognizing his stupidity, had latterly treated with severity, remained a bachelor for certain reasons, the

explanation of which will form an important part of this history. His celibacy was partly his father's fault, as

Meantime, it is well to inquire into the results of the secret vengeance the doctor took on a daughter whom he

did not recognize as his own, but who, you must understand at once, was legitimately his. Not a person in

Issoudun had noticed one of those capricious facts that make the whole subject of generation a vast abyss in

which science flounders. Agathe bore a strong likeness to the mother of Doctor Rouget. Just as gout is said to

skip a generation and pass from grandfather to grandson, resemblances not uncommonly follow the same

In like manner, the eldest of Agathe's children, who physically resembled his mother, had the moral qualities

of his grandfather, Doctor Rouget. We will leave the solution of this problem to the twentieth century, with a

fine collection of microscopic animalculae; our descendants may perhaps write as much nonsense as the

scientific schools of the nineteenth century have uttered on this mysterious and perplexing question.

Agathe Rouget attracted the admiration of everyone by a face destined, like that of Mary, the mother of our

Lord, to continue ever virgin, even after marriage. Her portrait, still to be seen in the atelier of Bridau, shows

a perfect oval and a clear whiteness of complexion, without the faintest tinge of color, in spite of her golden

hair. More than one artist, looking at the pure brow, the discreet, composed mouth, the delicate nose, the

small ears, the long lashes, and the darkblue eyes filled with tenderness,in short, at the whole

countenance expressive of placidity,has asked the great artist, "Is that a copy of a Raphael?" No man ever

acted under a truer inspiration than the minister's secretary when he married this young girl. Agathe was an

embodiment of the ideal housekeeper brought up in the provinces and never parted from her mother. Pious,

though far from sanctimonious, she had no other education than that given to women by the Church. Judged,

by ordinary standards, she was an accomplished wife, yet her ignorance of life paved the way for great

misfortunes. The epitaph on the Roman matron, "She did needlework and kept the house," gives a faithful

Under the Consulate, Bridau attached himself fanatically to Napoleon, who placed him at the head of a

department in the ministry of the interior in 1804, a year before the death of Doctor Rouget. With a salary of

twelve thousand francs and very handsome emoluments, Bridau was quite indifferent to the scandalous

settlement of the property at Issoudun, by which Agathe was deprived of her rightful inheritance. Six months

before Doctor Rouget's death he had sold onehalf of his property to his son, to whom the other half was

bequeathed as a gift, and also in accordance with his rights as heir. An advance of fifty thousand francs on

her inheritance, made to Agathe at the time of her marriage, represented her share of the property of her

Bridau idolized the Emperor, and served him with the devotion of a Mohammedan for his prophet; striving to

carry out the vast conceptions of the modern demigod, who, finding the whole fabric of France destroyed,

went to work to reconstruct everything. The new official never showed fatigue, never cried "Enough."

Projects, reports, notes, studies, he accepted all, even the hardest labors, happy in the consciousness of aiding

his Emperor. He loved him as a man, he adored him as a sovereign, and he would never allow the least

From 1804 to 1808, the Bridaus lived in a handsome suite of rooms on the Quai Voltaire, a few steps from

the ministry of the interior and close to the Tuileries. A cook and footman were the only servants of the

household during this period of Madame Bridau's grandeur. Agathe, early afoot, went to market with her

cook. While the latter did the rooms, she prepared the breakfast. Bridau never went to the ministry before

eleven o'clock. As long as their union lasted, his wife took the same unwearying pleasure in preparing for him

an exquisite breakfast, the only meal he really enjoyed. At all seasons and in all weathers, Agathe watched

her husband from the window as he walked toward his office, and never drew in her head until she had seen

him turn the corner of the rue du Bac. Then she cleared the breakfast table herself, gave an eye to the

arrangement of the rooms, dressed for the day, played with her children and took them to walk, or received

the visits of friends; all the while waiting in spirit for Bridau's return. If her husband brought him important

business that had to be attended to, she would station herself close to the writing table in his study, silent as

a statue, knitting while he wrote, sitting up as late as he did, and going to bed only a few moments before

him. Occasionally, the pair went to some theatre, occupying one of the ministerial boxes. On those days, they

dined at a restaurant, and the gay scenes of that establishment never ceased to give Madame Bridau the same

lively pleasure they afford to provincials who are new to Paris. Agathe, who was obliged to accept the formal

dinners sometimes given to the head of a department in a ministry, paid due attention to the luxurious

requirements of the then mode of dress, but she took off the rich apparel with delight when she returned

home, and resumed the simple garb of a provincial. One day in the week, Thursday, Bridau received his

These few words contain the whole history of their conjugal life, which had but three events; the births of two

children, born three years apart, and the death of Bridau, who died in 1808, killed by overwork at the very

moment when the Emperor was about to appoint him directorgeneral, count, and councillor of state. At this

period of his reign, Napoleon was particularly absorbed in the affairs of the interior; he overwhelmed Bridau

with work, and finally wrecked the health of that dauntless bureaucrat. The Emperor, of whom Bridau had

never asked a favor, made inquiries into his habits and fortune. Finding that this devoted servant literally had

nothing but his situation, Napoleon recognized him as one of the incorruptible natures which raised the

character of his government and gave moral weight to it, and he wished to surprise him by the gift of some

distinguished reward. But the effort to complete a certain work, involving immense labor, before the

departure of the Emperor for Spain caused the death of the devoted servant, who was seized with an

inflammatory fever. When the Emperor, who remained in Paris for a few days after his return to prepare for

the campaign of 1809, was told of Bridau's death he said: "There are men who can never be replaced." Struck

by the spectacle of a devotion which could receive none of the brilliant recognitions that reward a soldier, the

Emperor resolved to create an order to requite civil services, just as he had already created the Legion of

honor to reward the military. The impression he received from the death of Bridau led him to plan the order

of the Reunion. He had not time, however, to mature this aristocratic scheme, the recollection of which is

now so completely effaced that many of my readers may ask what were its insignia: the order was worn with

a blue ribbon. The Emperor called it the Reunion, under the idea of uniting the order of the Golden Fleece of

Spain with the order of the Golden Fleece of Austria. "Providence," said a Prussian diplomatist, "took care to

After Bridau's death the Emperor inquired into the circumstances of his widow. Her two sons each received a

scholarship in the Imperial Lyceum, and the Emperor paid the whole costs of their education from his privy

purse. He gave Madame Bridau a pension of four thousand francs, intending, no doubt, to advance the fortune

From the time of her marriage to the death of her husband, Agathe had held no communication with

Issoudun. She lost her mother just as she was on the point of giving birth to her youngest son, and when her

father, who, as she well knew, loved her little, died, the coronation of the Emperor was at hand, and that

event gave Bridau so much additional work that she was unwilling to leave him. Her brother, JeanJacques

Rouget, had not written to her since she left Issoudun. Though grieved by the tacit repudiation of her family,

Agathe had come to think seldom of those who never thought of her. Once a year she received a letter from

her godmother, Madame Hochon, to whom she replied with commonplaces, paying no heed to the advice

Some time before the death of Doctor Rouget, Madame Hochon had written to her goddaughter warning her

that she would get nothing from her father's estate unless she gave a power of attorney to Monsieur Hochon.

Agathe was very reluctant to harass her brother. Whether it were that Bridau thought the spoliation of his

wife in accordance with the laws and customs of Berry, or that, highminded as he was, he shared the

magnanimity of his wife, certain it is that he would not listen to Roguin, his notary, who advised him to take

advantage of his ministerial position to contest the deeds by which the father had deprived the daughter of her

legitimate inheritance. Husband and wife thus tacitly sanctioned what was done at Issoudun. Nevertheless,

Roguin had forced Bridau to reflect upon the future interests of his wife which were thus compromised. He

saw that if he died before her, Agathe would be left without property, and this led him to look into his own

affairs. He found that between 1793 and 1805 his wife and he had been obliged to use nearly thirty thousand

of the fifty thousand francs in cash which old Rouget had given to his daughter at the time of her marriage.

He at once invested the remaining twenty thousand in the public funds, then quoted at forty, and from this

source Agathe received about two thousand francs a year. As a widow, Madame Bridau could live suitably on

an income of six thousand francs. With provincial good sense, she thought of changing her residence,

dismissing the footman, and keeping no servant except a cook; but her intimate friend, Madame Descoings,

who insisted on being considered her aunt, sold her own establishment and came to live with Agathe, turning

The two widows clubbed their revenues, and so were in possession of a joint income of twelve thousand

francs a year. This seems a very simple and natural proceeding. But nothing in life is more deserving of

attention than the things that are called natural; we are on our guard against the unnatural and extraordinary.

For this reason, you will find men of experiencelawyers, judges, doctors, and priests attaching immense

importance to simple matters; and they are often thought overscrupulous. But the serpent amid flowers is

one of the finest myths that antiquity has bequeathed for the guidance of our lives. How often we hear fools,

trying to excuse themselves in their own eyes or in the eyes of others, exclaiming, "It was all so natural that

In 1809, Madame Descoings, who never told her age, was sixtyfive. In her heyday she had been popularly

called a beauty, and was now one of those rare women whom time respects. She owed to her excellent

constitution the privilege of preserving her good looks, which, however, would not bear close examination.

She was of medium height, plump, and fresh, with fine shoulders and a rather rosy complexion. Her blond

hair, bordering on chestnut, showed, in spite of her husband's catastrophe, not a tinge of gray. She loved good

cheer, and liked to concoct nice little made dishes; yet, fond as she was of eating, she also adored the theatre

and cherished a vice which she wrapped in impenetrable mysteryshe bought into lotteries. Can that be the

abyss of which mythology warns us under the fable of the Danaides and their cask? Madame Descoings, like

other women who are lucky enough to keep young for many years, spend rather too much upon her dress; but

aside from these trifling defects she was the pleasantest of women to live with. Of every one's opinion, never

opposing anybody, her kindly and communicative gayety gave pleasure to all. She had, moreover, a Parisian

quality which charmed the retired clerks and elderly merchants of her circle,she could take and give a jest.

If she did not marry a third time it was no doubt the fault of the times. During the wars of the Empire,

marrying men found rich and handsome girls too easily to trouble themselves about women of sixty.

Madame Descoings, always anxious to cheer Madame Bridau, often took the latter to the theatre, or to drive;

prepared excellent little dinners for her delectation, and even tried to marry her to her own son by her first

husband, Bixiou. Alas! to do this, she was forced to reveal a terrible secret, carefully kept by her, by her late

husband, and by her notary. The young and beautiful Madame Descoings, who passed for thirtysix years

old, had a son who was thirtyfive, named Bixiou, already a widower, a major in the TwentyFourth

Infantry, who subsequently perished at Lutzen, leaving behind him an only son. Madame Descoings, who

only saw her grandson secretly, gave out that he was the son of the first wife of her first husband. The

revelation was partly a prudential act; for this grandson was being educated with Madame Bridau's sons at the

Imperial Lyceum, where he had a half scholarship. The lad, who was clever and shrewd at school, soon after

Agathe, who lived only for her children, declined to remarry, as much from good sense as from fidelity to

her husband. But it is easier for a woman to be a good wife than to be a good mother. A widow has two tasks

before her, whose duties clash: she is a mother, and yet she must exercise parental authority. Few women are

firm enough to understand and practise this double duty. Thus it happened that Agathe, notwithstanding her

many virtues, was the innocent cause of great unhappiness. In the first place, through her lack of intelligence

and the blind confidence to which such noble natures are prone, Agathe fell a victim to Madame Descoings,

who brought a terrible misfortune on the family. That worthy soul was nursing up a combination of three

numbers called a "trey" in a lottery, and lotteries give no credit to their customers. As manager of the joint

household, she was able to pay up her stakes with the money intended for their current expenses, and she

went deeper and deeper into debt, with the hope of ultimately enriching her grandson Bixiou, her dear

Agathe, and the little Bridaus. When the debts amounted to ten thousand francs, she increased her stakes,

trusting that her favorite trey, which had not turned up in nine years, would come at last, and fill to

From that moment the debt rolled up rapidly. When it reached twenty thousand francs, Madame Descoings

lost her head, still failing to win the trey. She tried to mortgage her own property to pay her niece, but

Roguin, who was her notary, showed her the impossibility of carrying out that honorable intention. The late

Doctor Rouget had laid hold of the property of the brotherinlaw after the grocer's execution, and had, as it

were, disinherited Madame Descoings by securing to her a lifeinterest on the property of his own son,

JeanJacques Rouget. No moneylender would think of advancing twenty thousand francs to a woman

sixtysix years of age, on an annuity of about four thousand, at a period when ten per cent could easily be got

for an investment. So one morning Madame Descoings fell at the feet of her niece, and with sobs confessed

the state of things. Madame Bridau did not reproach her; she sent away the footman and cook, sold all but the

bare necessities of her furniture, sold also threefourths of her government funds, paid off the debts, and bade

One of the worst corners in all Paris is undoubtedly that part of the rue Mazarin which lies between the rue

Guenegard and its junction with the rue de Seine, behind the palace of the Institute. The high gray walls of

the college and of the library which Cardinal Mazarin presented to the city of Paris, and which the French

Academy was in after days to inhabit, cast chill shadows over this angle of the street, where the sun seldom

shines, and the north wind blows. The poor ruined widow came to live on the third floor of a house standing

at this damp, dark, cold corner. Opposite, rose the Institute buildings, in which were the dens of ferocious

animals known to the bourgeoisie under the name of artists,under that of tyro, or rapin, in the studios. Into

these dens they enter rapins, but they may come forth prix de Rome. The transformation does not take place

without extraordinary uproar and disturbance at the time of year when the examinations are going on, and the

competitors are shut up in their cells. To win a prize, they were obliged, within a given time, to make, if a

sculptor, a clay model; if a painter, a picture such as may be seen at the Ecole des BeauxArts; if a musician,

a cantata; if an architect, the plans for a public building. At the time when we are penning the words, this

menagerie has already been removed from these cold and cheerless buildings, and taken to the elegant Palais

From the windows of Madame Bridau's new abode, a glance could penetrate the depths of those melancholy

barred cages. To the north, the view was shut in by the dome of the Institute; looking up the street, the only

distraction to the eye was a file of hackneycoaches, which stood at the upper end of the rue Mazarin. After a

while, the widow put boxes of earth in front of her windows, and cultivated those aerial gardens that police

regulations forbid, though their vegetable products purify the atmosphere. The house, which backed up

against another fronting on the rue de Seine, was necessarily shallow, and the staircase wound round upon

itself. The third floor was the last. Three windows to three rooms, namely, a diningroom, a small salon, and

a chamber on one side of the landing; on the other, a little kitchen, and two single rooms; above, an immense

garret without partitions. Madame Bridau chose this lodging for three reasons: economy, for it cost only four

hundred francs a year, so that she took a lease of it for nine years; proximity to her sons' school, the Imperial

Lyceum being at a short distance; thirdly, because it was in the quarter to which she was used.

The inside of the appartement was in keeping with the general look of the house. The diningroom, hung

with a yellow paper covered with little green flowers, and floored with tiles that were not glazed, contained

nothing that was not strictly necessary,namely, a table, two sideboards, and six chairs, brought from the

other appartement. The salon was adorned with an Aubusson carpet given to Bridau when the ministry of the

interior was refurnished. To the furniture of this room the widow added one of those commonplace mahogany

sofas with the Egyptian heads that Jacob Desmalter manufactured by the gross in 1806, covering them with a

silken green stuff bearing a design of white geometric circles. Above this piece of furniture hung a portrait of

Bridau, done in pastel by the hand of an amateur, which at once attracted the eye. Though art might have

something to say against it, no one could fail to recognize the firmness of the noble and obscure citizen upon

that brow. The serenity of the eyes, gentle, yet proud, was well given; the sagacious mind, to which the

prudent lips bore testimony, the frank smile, the atmosphere of the man of whom the Emperor had said,

"Justum et tenacem," had all been caught, if not with talent, at least with fidelity. Studying that face, an

observer could see that the man had done his duty. His countenance bore signs of the incorruptibility which

we attribute to several men who served the Republic. On the opposite wall, over a cardtable, flashed a

picture of the Emperor in brilliant colors, done by Vernet; Napoleon was riding rapidly, attended by his

Agathe had bestowed upon herself two large birdcages; one filled with canaries, the other with Java sparrows.

She had given herself up to this juvenile fancy since the loss of her husband, irreparable to her, as, in fact, it

was to many others. By the end of three months, her widowed chamber had become what it was destined to

remain until the appointed day when she left it forever,a litter of confusion which words are powerless to

describe. Cats were domiciled on the sofa. The canaries, occasionally let loose, left their commas on the

furniture. The poor dear woman scattered little heaps of millet and bits of chickweed about the room, and put

tidbits for the cats in broken saucers. Garments lay everywhere. The room breathed of the provinces and of

constancy. Everything that once belonged to Bridau was scrupulously preserved. Even the implements in his

desk received the care which the widow of a paladin might have bestowed upon her husband's armor. One

slight detail here will serve to bring the tender devotion of this woman before the reader's mind. She had

wrapped up a pen and sealed the package, on which she wrote these words, "Last pen used by my dear

husband." The cup from which he drank his last draught was on the fireplace; caps and false hair were tossed,

at a later period, over the glass globes which covered these precious relics. After Bridau's death not a trace of

coquetry, not even a woman's ordinary care of her person, was left in the young widow of thirty five. Parted

from the only man she had ever known, esteemed, and loved, from one who had never caused her the

slightest unhappiness, she was no longer conscious of her womanhood; all things were as nothing to her; she

no longer even thought of her dress. Nothing was ever more simply done or more complete than this laying

down of conjugal happiness and personal charm. Some human beings obtain through love the power of

transferring their selftheir Ito the being of another; and when death takes that other, no life of their own

Agathe, who now lived only for her children, was infinitely sad at the thought of the privations this financial

ruin would bring upon them. From the time of her removal to the rue Mazarin a shade of melancholy came

upon her face, which made it very touching. She hoped a little in the Emperor; but the Emperor at that time

could do no more than he was already doing; he was giving three hundred francs a year to each child from his

As for the brilliant Descoings, she occupied an appartement on the second floor similar to that of her niece

above her. She had made Madame Bridau an assignment of three thousand francs out of her annuity. Roguin,

the notary, attended to this in Madame Bridau's interest; but it would take seven years of such slow

repayment to make good the loss. The Descoings, thus reduced to an income of twelve hundred francs, lived

with her niece in a small way. These excellent but timid creatures employed a womanofallwork for the

morning hours only. Madame Descoings, who liked to cook, prepared the dinner. In the evenings a few old

friends, persons employed at the ministry who owed their places to Bridau, came for a game of cards with the

two widows. Madame Descoings still cherished her trey, which she declared was obstinate about turning up.

She expected, by one grand stroke, to repay the enforced loan she had made upon her niece. She was fonder

of the little Bridaus than she was of her grandson Bixiou,partly from a sense of the wrong she had done

them, partly because she felt the kindness of her niece, who, under her worst deprivations, never uttered a

word of reproach. So Philippe and Joseph were cossetted, and the old gambler in the Imperial Lottery of

France (like others who have a vice or a weakness to atone for) cooked them nice little dinners with plenty of

sweets. Later on, Philippe and Joseph could extract from her pocket, with the utmost facility, small sums of

money, which the younger used for pencils, paper, charcoal and prints, the elder to buy tennisshoes,

marbles, twine, and pocketknives. Madame Descoings's passion forced her to be content with fifty francs a

On the other hand, Madame Bridau, motherly love, kept her expenses down to the same sum. By way of

penance for her former over confidence, she heroically cut off her own little enjoyments. As with other

timid souls of limited intelligence, one shock to her feelings rousing her distrust led her to exaggerate a defect

in her character until it assumed the consistency of a virtue. The Emperor, she said to herself, might forget

them; he might die in battle; her pension, at any rate, ceased with her life. She shuddered at the risk her

children ran of being left alone in the world without means. Quite incapable of understanding Roguin when

he explained to her that in seven years Madame Descoings's assignment would replace the money she had

sold out of the Funds, she persisted in trusting neither the notary nor her aunt, nor even the government; she

believed in nothing but herself and the privations she was practising. By laying aside three thousand francs

every year from her pension, she would have thirty thousand francs at the end of ten years; which would give

fifteen hundred a year to her children. At thirtysix, she might expect to live twenty years longer; and if she

kept to the same system of economy she might leave to each child enough for the bare necessaries of life.

Thus the two widows passed from hollow opulence to voluntary poverty, one under the pressure of a vice,

the other through the promptings of the purest virtue. None of these petty details are useless in teaching the

lesson which ought to be learned from this present history, drawn as it is from the most commonplace

interests of life, but whose bearings are, it may be, only the more widespread. The view from the windows

into the student dens; the tumult of the rapins below; the necessity of looking up at the sky to escape the

miserable sights of the damp angle of the street; the presence of that portrait, full of soul and grandeur despite

the workmanship of an amateur painter; the sight of the rich colors, now old and harmonious, in that calm and

placid home; the preference of the mother for her eldest child; her opposition to the tastes of the younger; in

short, the whole body of facts and circumstances which make the preamble of this history are perhaps the

generating causes to which we owe Joseph Bridau, one of the greatest painters of the modern French school

Philippe, the elder of the two sons, was strikingly like his mother. Though a blond lad, with blue eyes, he had

the daring look which is readily taken for intrepidity and courage. Old Claparon, who entered the ministry of

the interior at the same time as Bridau, and was one of the faithful friends who played whist every night with

the two widows, used to say of Philippe two or three times a month, giving him a tap on the cheek, "Here's a

young rascal who'll stand to his guns!" The boy, thus stimulated, naturally and out of bravado, assumed a

resolute manner. That turn once given to his character, he became very adroit at all bodily exercises; his

fights at the Lyceum taught him the endurance and contempt for pain which lays the foundation of military

valor. He also acquired, very naturally, a distaste for study; public education being unable to solve the

Agathe believed that the purely physical resemblance which Philippe bore to her carried with it a moral

likeness; and she confidently expected him to show at a future day her own delicacy of feeling, heightened by

the vigor of manhood. Philippe was fifteen years old when his mother moved into the melancholy

appartement in the rue Mazarin; and the winning ways of a lad of that age went far to confirm the maternal

beliefs. Joseph, three years younger, was like his father, but only on the defective side. In the first place, his

thick black hair was always in disorder, no matter what pains were taken with it; while Philippe's,

notwithstanding his vivacity, was invariably neat. Then, by some mysterious fatality, Joseph could not keep

his clothes clean; dress him in new clothes, and he immediately made them look like old ones. The elder, on

the other hand, took care of his things out of mere vanity. Unconsciously, the mother acquired a habit of

scolding Joseph and holding up his brother as an example to him. Agathe did not treat the two children alike;

when she went to fetch them from school, the thought in her mind as to Joseph always was, "What sort of

state shall I find him in?" These trifles drove her heart into the gulf of maternal preference.

No one among the very ordinary persons who made the society of the two widowsneither old Du Bruel nor

old Claparon, nor Desroches the father, nor even the Abbe Loraux, Agathe's confessornoticed Joseph's

faculty for observation. Absorbed in the line of his own tastes, the future colorist paid no attention to

anything that concerned himself. During his childhood this disposition was so like torpor that his father grew

uneasy about him. The remarkable size of the head and the width of the brow roused a fear that the child

might be liable to water on the brain. His distressful face, whose originality was thought ugliness by those

who had no eye for the moral value of a countenance, wore rather a sullen expression during his childhood.

The features, which developed later in life, were pinched, and the close attention the child paid to what went

on about him still further contracted them. Philippe flattered his mother's vanity, but Joseph won no

compliments. Philippe sparkled with the clever sayings and lively answers that lead parents to believe their

boys will turn out remarkable men; Joseph was taciturn, and a dreamer. The mother hoped great things of

Joseph's predilection for art was developed by a very commonplace incident. During the Easter holidays of

1812, as he was coming home from a walk in the Tuileries with his brother and Madame Descoings, he saw a

pupil drawing a caricature of some professor on the wall of the Institute, and stopped short with admiration at

the charcoal sketch, which was full of satire. The next day the child stood at the window watching the pupils

as they entered the building by the door on the rue Mazarin; then he ran downstairs and slipped furtively into

the long courtyard of the Institute, full of statues, busts, halffinished marbles, plasters, and baked clays; at

all of which he gazed feverishly, for his instinct was awakened, and his vocation stirred within him. He

entered a room on the groundfloor, the door of which was half open; and there he saw a dozen young men

"Hi! little one," cried the first to see him, taking the crumbs of his bread and scattering them at the child.

For a quarter of an hour Joseph stood still and bore the brunt of much teasing in the atelier of the great

sculptor, Chaudet. But after laughing at him for a time, the pupils were struck with his persistency and with

the expression of his face. They asked him what he wanted. Joseph answered that he wished to know how to

draw; thereupon they all encouraged him. Won by such friendliness, the child told them he was Madame

"Oh! if you are Madame Bridau's son," they cried, from all parts of the room, "you will certainly be a great

man. Long live the son of Madame Bridau! Is your mother pretty? If you are a sample of her, she must be

"Ha! you want to be an artist?" said the eldest pupil, coming up to Joseph, "but don't you know that that

requires pluck; you'll have to bear all sorts of trials,yes, trials,enough to break your legs and arms and

soul and body. All the fellows you see here have gone through regular ordeals. That one, for instance, he

He took one of the child's arms and stretched it straight up in the air; then he placed the other arm as if Joseph

"Now that's what we call the telegraph trial," said the pupil. "If you can stand like that, without lowering or

changing the position of your arms for a quarter of an hour, then you'll have proved yourself a plucky one."

"Courage, little one, courage!" cried all the rest. "You must suffer if you want to be an artist."

Joseph, with the good faith of his thirteen years, stood motionless for five minutes, all the pupils gazing

"The Emperor Napoleon stood a whole month as you see him there," said a third, pointing to the fine statue

That statue, which represents the Emperor standing with the Imperial sceptre in his hand, was torn down in

At the end of ten minutes the sweat stood in drops on Joseph's forehead. At that moment a baldheaded little

man, pale and sickly in appearance, entered the atelier, where respectful silence reigned at once.

"What you are about, you urchins?" he exclaimed, as he looked at the youthful martyr.

"That is a good little fellow, who is posing," said the tall pupil who had placed Joseph.

"Are you not ashamed to torture a poor child in that way?" said Chaudet, lowering Joseph's arms. "How long

have you been standing there?" he asked the boy, giving him a friendly little pat on the cheek.

"She is Madame Bridau. My papa, who is dead, was a friend of the Emperor; and if you will teach me to

"His father was head of a department at the ministry of the Interior," exclaimed Chaudet, struck by a

"Well, come here just as much as you like; we'll amuse you. Give him a board, and paper, and chalks, and let

him alone. You are to know, you young scamps, that his father did me a service. Here, Cordeapuits, go and

get some cakes and sugarplums," he said to the pupil who had tortured Joseph, giving him some small

change. "We'll see if you are to be artist by the way you gobble up the dainties," added the sculptor, chucking

Then he went round examining the pupils' works, followed by the child, who looked and listened, and tried to

understand him. The sweets were brought, Chaudet, himself, the child, and the whole studio all had their

teeth in them; and Joseph was petted quite as much as he had been teased. The whole scene, in which the

rough play and real heart of artists were revealed, and which the boy instinctively understood, made a great

impression on his mind. The apparition of the sculptor, for whom the Emperor's protection opened a way

to future glory, closed soon after by his premature death,was like a vision to little Joseph. The child said

nothing to his mother about this adventure, but he spent two hours every Sunday and every Thursday in

Chaudet's atelier. From that time forth, Madame Descoings, who humored the fancies of the two cherubim,

kept Joseph supplied with pencils and red chalks, prints and drawingpaper. At school, the future colorist

sketched his masters, drew his comrades, charcoaled the dormitories, and showed surprising assiduity in the

drawingclass. Lemire, the drawingmaster, struck not only with the lad's inclination but also with his actual

progress, came to tell Madame Bridau of her son's faculty. Agathe, like a true provincial, who knows as little

of art as she knows much of housekeeping, was terrified. When Lemire left her, she burst into tears.

"Ah!" she cried, when Madame Descoings went to ask what was the matter. "What is to become of me!

Joseph, whom I meant to make a government clerk, whose career was all marked out for him at the ministry

of the interior, where, protected by his father's memory, he might have risen to be chief of a division before

he was twentyfive, he, my boy, he wants to be a painter,a vagabond! I always knew that child would give

Madame Descoings confessed that for several months past she had encouraged Joseph's passion, aiding and

abetting his Sunday and Thursday visits to the Institute. At the Salon, to which she had taken him, the little

fellow had shown an interest in the pictures, which was, she declared, nothing short of miraculous.

"If he understands painting at thirteen, my dear," she said, "your Joseph will be a man of genius."

"Yes; and see what genius did for his father,killed him with overwork at forty!"

At the close of autumn, just as Joseph was entering his fourteenth year, Agathe, contrary to Madame

Descoings's entreaties, went to see Chaudet, and requested that he would cease to debauch her son. She found

the sculptor in a blue smock, modelling his last statue; he received the widow of the man who formerly had

served him at a critical moment, rather roughly; but, already at death's door, he was struggling with

passionate ardor to do in a few hours work he could hardly have accomplished in several months. As

Madame Bridau entered, he had just found an effect long sought for, and was handling his tools and clay with

spasmodic jerks and movements that seemed to the ignorant Agathe like those of a maniac. At any other time

Chaudet would have laughed; but now, as he heard the mother bewailing the destiny he had opened to her

child, abusing art, and insisting that Joseph should no longer be allowed to enter the atelier, he burst into a

"I was under obligations to your deceased husband, I wished to help his son, to watch his first steps in the

noblest of all careers," he cried. "Yes, madame, learn, if you do not know it, that a great artist is a king, and

more than a king; he is happier, he is independent, he lives as he likes, he reigns in the world of fancy. Your

son has a glorious future before him. Faculties like his are rare; they are only disclosed at his age in such

beings as the Giottos, Raphaels, Titians, Rubens, Murillos,for, in my opinion, he will make a better painter

than sculptor. God of heaven! if I had such a son, I should be as happy as the Emperor is to have given

himself the King of Rome. Well, you are mistress of your child's fate. Go your own way, madame; make him

a fool, a miserable quilldriver, tie him to a desk, and you've murdered him! But I hope, in spite if all your

efforts, that he will stay an artist. A true vocation is stronger than all the obstacles that can be opposed to it.

Vocation! why the very word means a call; ay, the election of God himself! You will make your child

unhappy, that's all." He flung the clay he no longer needed violently into a tub, and said to his model, "That

Agathe raised her eyes and saw, in a corner of the atelier where her glance had not before penetrated, a nude

"You are not to have the little Bridau here any more," said Chaudet to his pupils, "it annoys his mother."

No sooner did the students of sculpture and painting find out that Madame Bridau did not wish her son to be

an artist, than their whole happiness centred on getting Joseph among them. In spite of a promise not to go to

the Institute which his mother exacted from him, the child often slipped into Regnauld the painter's studio,

where he was encouraged to daub canvas. When the widow complained that the bargain was not kept,

Chaudet's pupils assured her that Regnauld was not Chaudet, and they hadn't the bringing up of her son, with

other impertinences; and the atrocious young scamps composed a song with a hundred and thirtyseven

On the evening of that sad day Agathe refused to play at cards, and sat on her sofa plunged in such grief that

"She thinks her boy will have to beg his bread because he has got the bump of painting," said Madame

Descoings; "but, for my part, I am not the least uneasy about the future of my stepson, little Bixiou, who has

"You are right," said the hard and severe Desroches, who, in spite of his talents, had never himself got on in

the position of assistant head of a department. "Happily I have only one son; otherwise, with my eighteen

hundred francs a year, and a wife who makes barely twelve hundred out of her stampedpaper office, I don't

know what would become of me. I have just placed my boy as underclerk to a lawyer; he gets twenty five

francs a month and his breakfast. I give him as much more, and he dines and sleeps at home. That's all he

gets; he must manage for himself, but he'll make his way. I keep the fellow harder at work than if he were at

school, and some day he will be a barrister. When I give him money to go to the theatre, he is as happy as a

king and kisses me. Oh, I keep a tight hand on him, and he renders me an account of all he spends. You are

too good to your children, Madame Bridau; if your son wants to go through hardships and privations, let him;

"As for my boy," said Du Bruel, a former chief of a division, who had just retired on a pension, "he is only

sixteen; his mother dotes on him; but I shouldn't listen to his choosing a profession at his age, a mere

fancy, a notion that may pass off. In my opinion, boys should be guided and controlled."

"Ah, monsieur! you are rich, you are a man, and you have but one son," said Agathe.

"Faith!" said Claparon, "children do tyrannize over usover our hearts, I mean. Mine makes me furious; he

has nearly ruined me, and now I won't have anything to do with himit's a sort of independence. Well, he is

the happier for it, and so am I. That fellow was partly the cause of his mother's death. He chose to be a

commercial traveller; and the trade just suited him, for he was no sooner in the house than he wanted to be

out of it; he couldn't keep in one place, and he wouldn't learn anything. All I ask of God is that I may die

before he dishonors my name. Those who have no children lose many pleasures, but they escape great

"What I am trying to show you, my dear Madame Bridau, is that you had better let your boy be a painter; if

"If you were able to coerce him," said the sour Desroches, "I should advise you to oppose his tastes; but weak

"Console yourself, Agathe," said Madame Descoings, "Joseph will turn out a great man."

After this discussion, which was like all discussions, the widow's friends united in giving her one and the

same advice; which advice did not in the least relieve her anxieties. They advised her to let Joseph follow his

"If he doesn't turn out a genius," said Du Bruel, who always tried to please Agathe, "you can then get him

When Madame Descoings accompanied the old clerks to the door she assured them, at the head of the stairs,

"Madame Bridau ought to be glad her son is willing to do anything," said Claparon.

"Besides," said Desroches, "if God preserves the Emperor, Joseph will always be looked after. Why should

"She is timid about everything that concerns her children," answered Madame Descoings. "Well, my good

girl," she said, returning to Agathe, "you see they are unanimous; why are you still crying?"

"If it was Philippe, I should have no anxiety. But you don't know what goes on in that atelier; they have

A few days after this, the disasters of the retreat from Moscow became known. Napoleon returned to Paris to

organize fresh troops, and to ask further sacrifices from the country. The poor mother was then plunged into

very different anxieties. Philippe, who was tired of school, wanted to serve under the Emperor; he saw a

review at the Tuileries, the last Napoleon ever held,and he became infatuated with the idea of a soldier's

life. In those days military splendor, the show of uniforms, the authority of epaulets, offered irresistible

seductions to a certain style of youth. Philippe thought he had the same vocation for the army that his brother

Joseph showed for art. Without his mother's knowledge, he wrote a petition to the Emperor, which read as

Sire,I am the son of your Bridau; eighteen years of age, five feet six inches; I have good legs, a good

constitution, and wish to be one of your soldiers. I ask you to let me enter the army, etc.

Within twentyfour hours, the Emperor had sent Philippe to the Imperial Lyceum at SaintCyr, and six

months later, in November, 1813, he appointed him sublieutenant in a regiment of cavalry. Philippe spent

the greater part of that winter in cantonments, but as soon as he knew how to ride a horse he was dispatched

to the front, and went eagerly. During the campaign in France he was made a lieutenant, after an affair at the

outposts where his bravery had saved his colonel's life. The Emperor named him captain at the battle of La

Fere Champenoise, and took him on his staff. Inspired by such promotion, Philippe won the cross at

Montereau. He witnessed Napoleon's farewell at Fontainebleau, raved at the sight, and refused to serve the

Joseph's scholarship was withdrawn after the holidays, and Madame Bridau, whose pension came from the

Emperor's privy purse, vainly entreated that it might be inscribed on the rolls of the ministry of the interior.

Joseph, more of a painter than ever, was delighted with the turn of events, and entreated his mother to let him

go to Monsieur Regnauld, promising to earn his own living. He declared he was quite sufficiently advanced

in the second class to get on without rhetoric. Philippe, a captain at nineteen and decorated, who had,

moreover, served the Emperor as an aidedecamp in two battles, flattered the mother's vanity immensely.

Coarse, blustering, and without real merit beyond the vulgar bravery of a cavalry officer, he was to her mind

a man of genius; whereas Joseph, puny and sickly, with unkempt hair and absent mind, seeking peace, loving

quiet, and dreaming of an artist's glory, would only bring her, she thought, worries and anxieties.

The winter of 18141815 was a lucky one for Joseph. Secretly encouraged by Madame Descoings and

Bixiou, a pupil of Gros, he went to work in the celebrated atelier of that painter, whence a vast variety of

talent issued in its day, and there he formed the closest intimacy with Schinner. The return from Elba came;

Captain Bridau joined the Emperor at Lyons, accompanied him to the Tuileries, and was appointed to the

command of a squadron in the dragoons of the Guard. After the battle of Waterlooin which he was slightly

wounded, and where he won the cross of an officer of the Legion of honorhe happened to be near Marshal

Davoust at SaintDenis, and was not with the army of the Loire. In consequence of this, and through

Davoust's intercession, his cross and his rank were secured to him, but he was placed on halfpay.

Joseph, anxious about his future, studied all through this period with an ardor which several times made him

"It is the smell of the paints," Agathe said to Madame Descoings. "He ought to give up a business so injurious

However, all Agathe's anxieties were at this time for her son the lieutenantcolonel. When she saw him again

in 1816, reduced from the salary of nine thousand francs (paid to a commander in the dragoons of the

Imperial Guard) to a halfpay of three hundred francs a month, she fitted up her attic rooms for him, and

spent her savings in doing so. Philippe was one of the faithful Bonapartes of the cafe Lemblin, that

constitutional Boeotia; he acquired the habits, manners, style, and life of a halfpay officer; indeed, like any

other young man of twentyone, he exaggerated them, vowed in good earnest a mortal enmity to the

Bourbons, never reported himself at the War department, and even refused opportunities which were offered

to him for employment in the infantry with his rank of lieutenantcolonel. In his mother's eyes, Philippe

Philippe's halfpay sufficed him; he cost nothing at home, whereas all Joseph's expenses were paid by the

two widows. From that moment, Agathe's preference for Philippe was openly shown. Up to that time it had

been secret; but the persecution of this faithful servant of the Emperor, the recollection of the wound received

by her cherished son, his courage in adversity, which, voluntary though it were, seemed to her a glorious

adversity, drew forth all Agathe's tenderness. The one sentence, "He is unfortunate," explained and justified

everything. Joseph himself,with the innate simplicity which superabounds in the artistsoul in its opening

years, and who was, moreover, brought up to admire his big brother,so far from being hurt by the

preference of their mother, encouraged it by sharing her worship of the hero who had carried Napoleon's

orders on two battlefields, and was wounded at Waterloo. How could he doubt the superiority of the grand

brother, whom he had beheld in the green and gold uniform of the dragoons of the Guard, commanding his

Agathe, notwithstanding this preference, was an excellent mother. She loved Joseph, though not blindly; she

simply was unable to understand him. Joseph adored his mother; Philippe let his mother adore him. Towards

her, the dragoon softened his military brutality; but he never concealed the contempt he felt for

Joseph,expressing it, however, in a friendly way. When he looked at his brother, weak and sickly as he

was at seventeen years of age, shrunken with determined toil, and overweighted with his powerful head, he

nicknamed him "Cub." Philippe's patronizing manners would have wounded any one less carelessly

indifferent than the artist, who had, moreover, a firm belief in the goodness of heart which soldiers hid, he

thought, beneath a brutal exterior. Joseph did not yet know, poor boy, that soldiers of genius are as gentle and

courteous in manner as other superior men in any walk of life. All genius is alike, wherever found.

"Poor boy!" said Philippe to his mother, "we mustn't plague him; let him do as he likes."

In 1816, Joseph obtained his mother's permission to convert the garret which adjoined his attic room into an

atelier, and Madame Descoings gave him a little money for the indispensable requirements of the painter's

trade;in the minds of the two widows, the art of painting was nothing but a trade. With the feeling and

ardor of his vocation, the lad himself arranged his humble atelier. Madame Descoings persuaded the owner of

the house to put a skylight in the roof. The garret was turned into a vast hall painted in chocolatecolor by

Joseph himself. On the walls he hung a few sketches. Agathe contributed, not without reluctance, an iron

stove; so that her son might be able to work at home, without, however, abandoning the studio of Gros, nor

The constitutional party, supported chiefly by officers on halfpay and the Bonapartists, were at this time

inciting "emeutes" around the Chamber of Deputies, on behalf of the Charter, though no one actually wanted

it. Several conspiracies were brewing. Philippe, who dabbled in them, was arrested, and then released for

want of proof; but the minister of war cut short his halfpay by putting him on the active list,a step which

might be called a form of discipline. France was no longer safe; Philippe was liable to fall into some trap laid

for him by spies,provocative agents, as they were called, being much talked of in those days.

While Philippe played billiards in disaffected cafes, losing his time and acquiring the habit of wetting his

whistle with "little glasses" of all sorts of liquors. Agathe lived in mortal terror for the safety of the great man

of the family. The Grecian sages were too much accustomed to wend their nightly way up Madame Bridau's

staircase, finding the two widows ready and waiting, and hearing from them all the news of their day, ever to

break up the habit of coming to the green salon for their game of cards. The ministry of the interior, though

purged of its former employes in 1816, had retained Claparon, one of those cautious men, who whisper the

news of the "Moniteur," adding invariably, "Don't quote me." Desroches, who had retired from active service

some time after old Du Bruel, was still battling for his pension. The three friends, who were witnesses of

Agathe's distress, advised her to send the colonel to travel in foreign countries.

"They talk about conspiracies, and your son, with his disposition, will be certain to fall a victim in some of

"Philippe is cut from the wood the Emperor made into marshals," said Du Bruel, in a low voice, looking

cautiously about him; "and he mustn't give up his profession. Let him serve in the East, in India"

"Why doesn't he get some place, or business?" said old Desroches; "there are plenty of private offices to be

had. I am going as head of a bureau in an insurance company, as soon as I have got my pension."

"Philippe is a soldier; he would not like to be any thing else," said the warlike Agathe.

"And serve THESE OTHERS!" cried the widow. "Oh! I will never give him that advice."

"You are wrong," said Du Bruel. "My son has just got an appointment through the Duc de Navarreins. The

Bourbons are very good to those who are sincere in rallying to them. Your son could be appointed

"They only appoint nobles in the cavalry. Philippe would never rise to be a colonel," said Madame

Agathe, much alarmed, entreated Philippe to travel abroad, and put himself at the service of some foreign

"He is right," said Joseph. "France is too proud of her heroes to let them be heroic elsewhere. Napoleon may

However, to satisfy his mother, Philippe took up the dazzling idea of joining General Lallemand in the

United States, and helping him to found what was called the Champ d'Asile, one of the most disastrous

swindles that ever appeared under the name of national subscription. Agathe gave ten thousand francs to start

her son, and she went to Havre to see him off. By the end of 1817, she had accustomed herself to live on the

six hundred francs a year which remained to her from her property in the Funds; then, by a lucky chance, she

made a good investment of the ten thousand francs she still kept of her savings, from which she obtained an

interest of seven per cent. Joseph wished to emulate his mother's devotion. He dressed like a bailiff; wore the

commonest shoes and blue stockings; denied himself gloves, and burned charcoal; he lived on bread and milk

and Brie cheese. The poor lad got no sympathy, except from Madame Descoings, and from Bixiou, his

studentfriend and comrade, who was then making those admirable caricatures of his, and filling a small

"With what joy I welcomed the summer of 1818!" said Joseph Bridau in afteryears, relating his troubles;

As good a colorist by this time as Gros himself, Joseph now went to his master for consultation only. He was

already meditating a tilt against classical traditions, and Grecian conventionalities, in short, against the

leadingstrings which held down an art to which Nature AS SHE IS belongs, in the omnipotence of her

creations and her imagery. Joseph made ready for a struggle which, from the day when he first exhibited in

the Salon, has never ceased. It was a terrible year. Roguin, the notary of Madame Descoings and Madame

Bridau, absconded with the moneys held back for seven years from Madame Descoings's annuity, which by

that time were producing two thousand francs a year. Three days after this disaster, a bill of exchange for a

thousand francs, drawn by Philippe upon his mother, arrived from New York. The poor fellow, misled like so

many others, had lost his all in the Champ d'Asile. A letter, which accompanied the bill, drove Agathe,

Joseph, and the Descoings to tears, and told of debts contracted in New York, where his comrades in

"It was I who made him go!" cried the poor mother, eager to divert the blame from Philippe.

"I advise you not to send him on many such journeys," said the old Descoings to her niece.

Madame Descoings was heroic. She continued to give the three thousand francs a year to Madame Bridau,

but she still paid the dues on her trey which had never turned up since the year 1799. About this time, she

began to doubt the honesty of the government, and declared it was capable of keeping the three numbers in

the urn, so as to excite the shareholders to put in enormous stakes. After a rapid survey of all their resources,

it seemed to the two women impossible to raise the thousand francs without selling out the little that

remained in the Funds. They talked of pawning their silver and part of the linen, and even the needless pieces

of furniture. Joseph, alarmed at these suggestions, went to see Gerard and told him their circumstances. The

great painter obtained an order from the household of the king for two copies of a portrait of Louis XVIII., at

five hundred francs each. Though not naturally generous, Gros took his pupil to an artist furnishing house

and fitted him out with the necessary materials. But the thousand francs could not be had till the copies were

delivered, so Joseph painted four panels in ten days, sold them to the dealers and brought his mother the

thousand francs with which to meet the bill of exchange when it fell due. Eight days later, came a letter from

the colonel, informing his mother that he was about to return to France on board a packet from New York,

whose captain had trusted him for the passagemoney. Philippe announced that he should need at least a

"Good," said Joseph to his mother, "I shall have finished my copies by that time, and you can carry him the

"Dear Joseph!" cried Agathe in tears, kissing her son, "God will bless you. You do love him, then, poor

persecuted fellow? He is indeed our glory and our hope for the future. So young, so brave, so unfortunate!

"You see now that painting is good for something," cried Joseph, overjoyed to have won his mother's

Madame Bridau rushed to meet her beloved son, Colonel Philippe, at Havre. Once there, she walked every

day beyond the round tower built by Francois I., to look out for the American packet, enduring the keenest

anxieties. Mothers alone know how such sufferings quicken maternal love. The vessel arrived on a fine

morning in October, 1819, without delay, and having met with no mishap. The sight of a mother and the air

of one's native land produces a certain affect on the coarsest nature, especially after the miseries of a

seavoyage. Philippe gave way to a rush of feeling, which made Agathe think to herself, "Ah! how he loves

me!" Alas, the hero loved but one person in the world, and that person was Colonel Philippe. His misfortunes

in Texas, his stay in New York,a place where speculation and individualism are carried to the highest

pitch, where the brutality of selfinterest attains to cynicism, where man, essentially isolated, is compelled to

push his way for himself and by himself, where politeness does not exist,in fact, even the minor events of

Philippe's journey had developed in him the worst traits of an old campaigner: he had grown brutal, selfish,

rude; he drank and smoked to excess; physical hardships and poverty had depraved him. Moreover, he

considered himself persecuted; and the effect of that idea is to make persons who are unintelligent

persecutors and bigots themselves. To Philippe's conception of life, the universe began at his head and ended

at his feet, and the sun shone for him alone. The things he had seen in New York, interpreted by his practical

nature, carried away his last scruples on the score of morality. For such beings, there are but two ways of

existence. Either they believe, or they do not believe; they have the virtues of honest men, or they give

themselves up to the demands of necessity; in which case they proceed to turn their slightest interests and

Such a system of life carries a man a long way. It was only in appearance that Colonel Philippe retained the

frankness, plain dealing, and easygoing freedom of a soldier. This made him, in reality, very dangerous; he

seemed as guileless as a child, but, thinking only of himself, he never did anything without reflecting what he

had better do,like a wily lawyer planning some trick "a la Maitre Gonin"; words cost him nothing, and he

said as many as he could to get people to believe. If, unfortunately, some one refused to accept the

explanations with which he justified the contradictions between his conduct and his professions, the colonel,

who was a good shot and could defy the most adroit fencingmaster, and possessed the coolness of one to

whom life is indifferent, was quite ready to demand satisfaction for the first sharp word; and when a man

shows himself prepared for violence there is little more to be said. His imposing stature had taken on a certain

rotundity, his face was bronzed from exposure in Texas, he was still succinct in speech, and had acquired the

decisive tone of a man obliged to make himself feared among the populations of a new world. Thus

developed, plainly dressed, his body trained to endurance by his recent hardships, Philippe in the eyes of his

mother was a hero; in point of fact, he had simply become what people (not to mince matters) call a

Shocked at the destitution of her cherished son, Madame Bridau bought him a complete outfit of clothes at

Havre. After listening to the tale of his woes, she had not the heart to stop his drinking and eating and

amusing himself as a man just returned from the Champ d'Asile was likely to eat and drink and divert

himself. It was certainly a fine conception,that of conquering Texas with the remains of the imperial army.

The failure was less in the idea than in the men who conceived it; for Texas is today a republic, with a

future full of promise. This scheme of Liberalism under the Restoration distinctly proves that the interests of

the party were purely selfish and not national, seeking power and nothing else. Neither men, nor occasion,

nor cause, nor devotion were lacking; only the money and the support of the hypocritical party at home who

dispensed enormous sums, but gave nothing when it came to recovering empire. Household managers like

Agathe have a plain commonsense which enables them to perceive such political chicane: the poor woman

saw the truth through the lines of her son's tale; for she had read, in the exile's interests, all the pompous

editorials of the constitutional journals, and watched the management of the famous subscription, which

produced barely one hundred and fifty thousand francs when it ought to have yielded five or six millions. The

Liberal leaders soon found out that they were playing into the hands of Louis XVIII. by exporting the

glorious remnants of our grand army, and they promptly abandoned to their fate the most devoted, the most

ardent, the most enthusiastic of its heroes,those, in short, who had gone in the advance. Agathe was never

able, however, to make her son see that he was more duped than persecuted. With blind belief in her idol, she

supposed herself ignorant, and deplored, as Philippe did, the evil times which had done him such wrong. Up

to this time he was, to her mind, throughout his misfortunes, less faulty than victimized by his noble nature,

his energy, the fall of the Emperor, the duplicity of the Liberals, and the rancor of the Bourbons against the

Bonapartists. During the week at Havre, a week which was horribly costly, she dared not ask him to make

terms with the royal government and apply to the minister of war. She had hard work to get him away from

Havre, where living is very expensive, and to bring him back to Paris before her money gave out. Madame

Descoings and Joseph, who were awaiting their arrival in the courtyard of the coachoffice of the

"Your mother has aged ten years in two months," whispered the Descoings to Joseph, as they all embraced,

"How do you do, mere Descoings?" was the cool greeting the colonel bestowed on the old woman whom

"I have," replied the young painter. "What a splendid color Philippe has turned!" he cried, looking at his

"Yes, I've browned like a pipe," said Philippe. "But as for you, you're not a bit changed, little man."

Joseph, who was now twentyone, and much thought of by the friends who had stood by him in his days of

trial, felt his own strength and was aware of his talent; he represented the art of painting in a circle of young

men whose lives were devoted to science, letters, politics, and philosophy. Consequently, he was wounded by

his brother's contempt, which Philippe still further emphasized with a gesture, pulling his ears as if he were

still a child. Agathe noticed the coolness which succeeded the first glow of tenderness on the part of Joseph

and Madame Descoings; but she hastened to tell them of Philippe's sufferings in exile, and so lessened it.

Madame Descoings, wishing to make a festival of the return of the prodigal, as she called him under her

breath, had prepared one of her good dinners, to which old Claparon and the elder Desroches were invited.

All the family friends were to come, and did come, in the evening. Joseph had invited Leon Giraud, d'Arthez,

Michel Chrestien, Fulgence Ridal, and Horace Bianchon, his friends of the fraternity. Madame Descoings had

promised Bixiou, her socalled stepson, that the young people should play at ecarte. Desroches the younger,

who had now taken, under his father's stern rule, his degree at law, was also of the party. Du Bruel, Claparon,

Desroches, and the Abbe Loraux carefully observed the returned exile, whose manners and coarse features,

and voice roughened by the abuse of liquors, together with his vulgar glance and phraseology, alarmed them

not a little. While Joseph was placing the cardtables, the more intimate of the family friends surrounded

"Then it will be very difficult for you to find him a place in France. If he won't reenter the army, he can't be

readily got into government employ," said old Du Bruel. "And you have only to listen to him to see he could

The motion of Agathe's eyes, with which alone she replied to this speech, showed how anxious Philippe's

future made her; they all kept silence. The exile himself, Bixiou, and the younger Desroches were playing at

"Maman Descoings, my brother has no money to play with," whispered Joseph in the good woman's ear.

The devotee of the Royal Lottery fetched twenty francs and gave them to the artist, who slipped them secretly

into his brother's hand. All the company were now assembled. There were two tables of boston; and the party

grew lively. Philippe proved a bad player: after winning for awhile, he began to lose; and by eleven o'clock

he owed fifty francs to young Desroches and to Bixiou. The racket and the disputes at the ecarte table

resounded more than once in the ears of the more peaceful boston players, who were watching Philippe

surreptitiously. The exile showed such signs of bad temper that in his final dispute with the younger

Desroches, who was none too amiable himself, the elder Desroches joined in, and though his son was

decidedly in the right, he declared he was in the wrong, and forbade him to play any more. Madame

Descoings did the same with her grandson, who was beginning to let fly certain witticisms; and although

Philippe, so far, had not understood him, there was always a chance that one of the barbed arrows might piece

"Travel educates youth," said Bixiou, grinning, when Madame Bridau and the colonel had disappeared.

Joseph, who got up at dawn and went to bed early, did not see the end of the party. The next morning Agathe

and Madame Descoings, while preparing breakfast, could not help remarking that soires would be terribly

expensive if Philippe were to go on playing that sort of game, as the Descoings phrased it. The worthy old

woman, then seventy six years of age, proposed to sell her furniture, give up her appartement on the second

floor (which the owner was only too glad to occupy), and take Agathe's parlor for her chamber, making the

other room a sittingroom and diningroom for the family. In this way they could save seven hundred francs

a year; which would enable them to give Philippe fifty francs a month until he could find something to do.

Agathe accepted the sacrifice. When the colonel came down and his mother had asked how he liked his little

bedroom, the two widows explained to him the situation of the family. Madame Descoings and Agathe

possessed, by putting all their resources together, an income of five thousand three hundred francs, four

thousand of which belonged to Madame Descoings and were merely a life annuity. The Descoings made an

allowance of six hundred a year to Bixiou, whom she had acknowledged as her grandson during the last few

months, also six hundred to Joseph; the rest of her income, together with that of Agathe, was spent for the

"Make yourselves easy," said the lieutenantcolonel. "I'll find a situation and put you to no expense; all I

Agathe kissed her son, and Madame Descoings slipped a hundred francs into his hand to pay for his losses of

the night before. In ten days the furniture was sold, the appartement given up, and the change in Agathe's

domestic arrangements accomplished with a celerity seldom seen outside of Paris. During those ten days,

Philippe regularly decamped after breakfast, came back for dinner, was off again for the evening, and only

got home about midnight to go to bed. He contracted certain habits half mechanically, and they soon became

rooted in him; he got his boots blacked on the Pont Neuf for the two sous it would have cost him to go by the

Pont des Arts to the PalaisRoyal, where he consumed regularly two glasses of brandy while reading the

newspapers, an occupation which employed him till midday; after that he sauntered along the rue Vivienne

to the cafe Minerve, where the Liberals congregated, and where he played at billiards with a number of old

comrades. While winning and losing, Philippe swallowed four or five more glasses of divers liquors, and

smoked ten or a dozen cigars in going and coming, and idling along the streets. In the evening, after

consuming a few pipes at the Hollandais smokingrooms, he would go to some gamblingplace towards ten

o'clock at night. The waiter handed him a card and a pin; he always inquired of certain well seasoned

players about the chances of the red or the black, and staked ten francs when the lucky moment seemed to

come; never playing more than three times, win or lose. If he won, which usually happened, he drank a

tumbler of punch and went home to his garret; but by that time he talked of smashing the ultras and the

Bourbon bodyguard, and trolled out, as he mounted the staircase, "We watch to save the Empire!" His poor

mother, hearing him, used to think "How gay Philippe is tonight!" and then she would creep up and kiss

him, without complaining of the fetid odors of the punch, and the brandy, and the pipes.

"You ought to be satisfied with me, my dear mother," he said, towards the end of January; "I lead the most

The colonel had dined five times at a restaurant with some of his army comrades. These old soldiers were

quite frank with each other on the state of their own affairs, all the while talking of certain hopes which they

based on the building of a submarine vessel, expected to bring about the deliverance of the Emperor. Among

these former comrades, Philippe particularly liked an old captain of the dragoons of the Guard, named

Giroudeau, in whose company he had seen his first service. This friendship with the late dragoon led Philippe

into completing what Rabelais called "the devil's equipage"; and he added to his drams, and his tobacco, and

One evening at the beginning of February, Giroudeau took Philippe after dinner to the Gaite, occupying a free

box sent to a theatrical journal belonging to his nephew Finot, in whose office Giroudeau was cashier and

secretary. Both were dressed after the fashion of the Bonapartist officers who now belonged to the

Constitutional Opposition; they wore ample overcoats with square collars, buttoned to the chin and coming

down to their heels, and decorated with the rosette of the Legion of honor; and they carried malacca canes

with loaded knobs, which they held by strings of braided leather. The late troopers had just (to use one of

their own expressions) "made a bout of it," and were mutually unbosoming their hearts as they entered the

box. Through the fumes of a certain number of bottles and various glasses of various liquors, Giroudeau

pointed out to Philippe a plump and agile little balletgirl whom he called Florentine, whose good graces and

affection, together with the box, belonged to him as the representative of an allpowerful journal.

"But," said Philippe, "I should like to know how far her good graces go for such an irongray old trooper as

"Thank God," replied Giroudeau, "I've stuck to the traditions of our glorious uniform. I have never wasted a

"That is so," answered Giroudeau. "But, between ourselves, the newspaper counts for a good deal.

Tomorrow, in a couple of lines, we shall advise the managers to let Mademoiselle Florentine dance a

"Well!" thought Philippe; "if this worthy Giroudeau, with a skull as polished as my knee, fortyeight years, a

big stomach, a face like a ploughman, and a nose like a potato, can get a balletgirl, I ought to be the lover of

"I'll show you Florentine's place tonight. My Dulcinea only earns fifty francs a month at the theatre," added

Giroudeau, "but she is very prettily set up, thanks to an old silk dealer named Cardot, who gives her five

When the play was over Giroudeau took Philippe to Mademoiselle Florentine's appartement, which was close

"We must behave ourselves," said Giroudeau. "Florentine's mother is here. You see, I haven't the means to

pay for one, so the worthy woman is really her own mother. She used to be a concierge, but she's not without

Florentine happened that night to have a friend with her,a certain Marie Godeschal, beautiful as an angel,

cold as a danseuse, and a pupil of Vestris, who foretold for her a great choregraphic destiny. Mademoiselle

Godeschal, anxious to make her first appearance at the PanoramaDramatique under the name of Mariette,

based her hopes on the protection and influence of a first gentleman of the bedchamber, to whom Vestris had

promised to introduce her. Vestris, still green himself at this period, did not think his pupil sufficiently trained

to risk the introduction. The ambitious girl did, in the end, make her pseudonym of Mariette famous; and the

motive of her ambition, it must be said, was praiseworthy. She had a brother, a clerk in Derville's law office.

Left orphans and very poor, and devoted to each other, the brother and sister had seen life such as it is in

Paris. The one wished to be a lawyer that he might support his sister, and he lived on ten sous a day; the other

had coldly resolved to be a dancer, and to profit by her beauty as much as by her legs that she might buy a

practice for her brother. Outside of their feeling for each other, and of their mutual life and interests,

everything was to them, as it once was to the Romans and the Hebrews, barbaric, outlandish, and hostile. This

generous affection, which nothing ever lessened, explained Mariette to those who knew her intimately.

The brother and sister were living at this time on the eighth floor of a house in the Vieille rue du Temple.

Mariette had begun her studies when she was ten years old; she was now just sixteen. Alas! for want of

becoming clothes, her beauty, hidden under a coarse shawl, dressed in calico, and illkept, could only be

guessed by those Parisians who devote themselves to hunting grisettes and the quest of beauty in misfortune,

as she trotted past them with mincing step, mounted on iron pattens. Philippe fell in love with Mariette. To

Mariette, Philippe was commander of the dragoons of the Guard, a staffofficer of the Emperor, a young man

of twentyseven, and above all, the means of proving herself superior to Florentine by the evident superiority

of Philippe over Giroudeau. Florentine and Giroudeau, the one to promote his comrade's happiness, the other

to get a protector for her friend, pushed Philippe and Mariette into a "mariage en detrempe,"a Parisian term

which is equivalent to "morganatic marriage," as applied to royal personages. Philippe when they left the

"I'll speak to my nephew Finot," he said. "You see, Philippe, the reign of phrases and quilldrivers is upon

us; we may as well submit. Today, scribblers are paramount. Ink has ousted gunpowder, and talk takes the

place of shot. After all, these little toads of editors are pretty good fellows, and very clever. Come and see me

tomorrow at the newspaper office; by that time I shall have said a word for you to my nephew. Before long

you'll have a place on some journal or other. Mariette, who is taking you at this moment (don't deceive

yourself) because she literally has nothing, no engagement, no chance of appearing on the stage, and I have

told her that you are going on a newspaper like myself,Mariette will try to make you believe she is loving

you for yourself; and you will believe her! Do as I do,keep her as long as you can. I was so much in love

with Florentine that I begged Finot to write her up and help her to a debut; but my nephew replied, 'You say

she has talent; well, the day after her first appearance she will turn her back on you.' Oh, that's Finot all over!

The next day, about four o'clock, Philippe went to the rue de Sentier, where he found Giroudeau in the

entresol,caged like a wild beast in a sort of hencoop with a sliding panel; in which was a little stove, a

little table, two little chairs, and some little logs of wood. This establishment bore the magic words,

SUBSCRIPTION OFFICE, painted on the door in black letters, and the word "Cashier," written by hand and

fastened to the grating of the cage. Along the wall that lay opposite to the cage, was a bench, where, at this

moment, a onearmed man was breakfasting, who was called Coloquinte by Giroudeau, doubtless from the

"A pretty hole!" exclaimed Philippe, looking round the room. "In the name of thunder! what are you doing

here, you who charged with poor Colonel Chabert at Eylau? Youa gallant officer!"

"Well, yes! broum! broum!a gallant officer keeping the accounts of a little newspaper," said Giroudeau,

settling his black silk skullcap. "Moreover, I'm the working editor of all that rubbish," he added, pointing to

"Hold your tongue, Coloquinte," said Giroudeau. "You are in presence of a hero who carried the Emperor's

The two soldiers mounted to the fourth floor, where, in an attic room at the end of a passage, they found a

young man with a cold light eye, lying on a dirty sofa. The representative of the press did not stir, though he

"My good fellow," said Giroudeau in a soothing and humble tone, "this is the gallant cavalry officer of the

"Eh! well?" said Finot, eyeing Philippe, who, like Giroudeau, lost all his assurance before the diplomatist of

"My dear boy," said Giroudeau, trying to pose as an uncle, "the colonel has just returned from Texas."

"Ah! you were taken in by that affair of the Champ d'Asile, were you? Seems to me you were rather young to

The bitterness of this jest will only be understood by those who remember the deluge of engravings, screens,

clocks, bronzes, and plastercasts produced by the idea of the Soldierlaborer, a splendid image of Napoleon

and his heroes, which afterwards made its appearance on the stage in vaudevilles. That idea, however,

obtained a national subscription; and we still find, in the depths of the provinces, old wallpapers which bear

the effigy of the Soldierlaborer. If this young man had not been Giroudeau's nephew, Philippe would have

"Yes, I was taken in by it; I lost my time, and twelve thousand francs to boot," answered Philippe, trying to

"I shall always belong to the Constitutional Opposition. Oh Foy! oh Manuel! oh Laffitte! what men they are!

They'll rid us of these others,these wretches, who came back to France at the heels of the enemy."

"Well," said Finot coldly, "you ought to make something out of your misfortunes; for you are the victim of

the Liberals, my good fellow. Stay a Liberal, if you really value your opinions, but threaten the party with the

follies in Texas which you are ready to show up. You never got a farthing of the national subscription, did

you? Well, then you hold a fine position: demand an account of that subscription. I'll tell you how you can do

it. A new Opposition journal is just starting, under the auspices of the deputies of the Left; you shall be the

cashier, with a salary of three thousand francs. A permanent place. All you want is some one to go security

for you in twenty thousand francs; find that, and you shall be installed within a week. I'll advise the Liberals

to silence you by giving you the place. Meantime, talk, threaten,threaten loudly."

Giroudeau let Philippe, who was profuse in his thanks, go down a few steps before him, and then he turned

back to say to his nephew, "Well, you are a queer fellow! you keep me here on twelve hundred francs"

"That journal won't live a year," said Finot. "I've got something better for you."

"Thunder!" cried Philippe to Giroudeau. "He's no fool, that nephew of yours. I never once thought of making

That night at the cafe Lemblin and the cafe Minerve Colonel Philippe fulminated against the Liberal party,

which had raised subscriptions, sent heroes to Texas, talked hypocritically of Soldierlaborers, and left them

to starve, after taking the money they had put into it, and keeping them in exile for two years.

"I am going to demand an account of the moneys collected by the subscription for the Champ d'Asile," he

said to one of the frequenters of the cafe, who repeated it to the journalists of the Left.

Philippe did not go back to the rue Mazarin; he went to Mariette and told her of his forthcoming appointment

on a newspaper with ten thousand subscribers, in which her choregraphic claims should be warmly advanced.

Agathe and Madame Descoings waited up for Philippe in fear and trembling, for the Duc de Berry had just

been assassinated. The colonel came home a few minutes after breakfast; and when his mother showed her

"In the name of thunder, what's all this! here have I brought you some good news, and you both look like

tombstones. The Duc de Berry is dead, is he?well, so much the better! that's one the less, at any rate. As

for me, I am to be cashier of a newspaper, with a salary of three thousand francs, and there you are, out of all

"Yes; provided you can go security for me in twenty thousand francs; you need only deposit your shares in

The two widows, who for nearly two months had been desperately anxious to find out what Philippe was

about, and how he could be provided for, were so overjoyed at this prospect that they gave no thought to their

other catastrophes. That evening, the Grecian sages, old Du Bruel, Claparon, whose health was failing, and

the inflexible Desroches were unanimous; they all advised Madame Bridau to go security for her son. The

new journal, which fortunately was started before the assassination of the Duc de Berry, just escaped the

blow which Monsieur Decazes then launched at the press. Madame Bridau's shares in the Funds, representing

thirteen hundred francs' interest, were transferred as security for Philippe, who was then appointed cashier.

That good son at once promised to pay one hundred francs every month to the two widows, for his board and

lodging, and was declared by both to be the best of sons. Those who had thought ill of him now congratulated

Poor Joseph, not to be behind his brother in generosity, resolved to pay for his own support, and succeeded.

Three months later, the colonel, who ate and drank enough for four men, finding fault with the food and

compelling the poor widows, on the score of his payments, to spend much money on their table, had not yet

paid down a single penny. His mother and Madame Descoings were unwilling, out of delicacy, to remind him

of his promise. The year went by without one of those coins which Leon Gozlan so vigorously called "tigers

with five claws" finding its way from Philippe's pocket to the household purse. It is true that the colonel

Through the influence of a feuilleton, edited by Vernou, a friend of Bixiou, Finot, and Giroudeau, Mariette

made her appearance, not at the PanoramaDramatique but at the PorteSaintMartin, where she triumphed

beside the famous Begrand. Among the directors of the theatre was a rich and luxurious general officer, in

love with an actress, for whose sake he had made himself an impresario. In Paris, we frequently meet with

men so fascinated with actresses, singers, or balletdancers, that they are willing to become directors of a

theatre out of love. This officer knew Philippe and Giroudeau. Mariette's first appearance, heralded already

by Finot's journal and also by Philippe's, was promptly arranged by the three officers; for there seems to be

The mischievous Bixiou was not long in revealing to his grandmother and the devoted Agathe that Philippe,

the cashier, the hero of heroes, was in love with Mariette, the celebrated balletdancer at the Porte

SaintMartin. The news was a thunderclap to the two widows; Agathe's religious principles taught her to

think that all women on the stage were brands in the burning; moreover, she thought, and so did Madame

Descoings, that women of that kind dined off gold, drank pearls, and wasted fortunes.

"Now do you suppose," said Joseph to his mother, "that my brother is such a fool as to spend his money on

"They talk of engaging Mariette at the Opera," said Bixiou. "Don't be worried, Madame Bridau; the

diplomatic body often comes to the Porte SaintMartin, and that handsome girl won't stay long with your

son. I did hear that an ambassador was madly in love with her. By the bye, another piece of news! Old

Claparon is dead, and his son, who has become a banker, has ordered the cheapest kind of funeral for him.

Philippe, prompted by mercenary motives, proposed to Mariette that she should marry him; but she, knowing

herself on the eve of an engagement at the Grand Opera, refused the offer, either because she guessed the

colonel's motive, or because she saw how important her independence would be to her future fortune. For the

remainder of this year, Philippe never came more than twice a month to see his mother. Where was he? Either

at his office, or the theatre, or with Mariette. No light whatever as to his conduct reached the household of the

rue Mazarin. Giroudeau, Finot, Bixiou, Vernou, Lousteau, saw him leading a life of pleasure. Philippe shared

the gay amusements of Tullia, a leading singer at the Opera, of Florentine, who took Mariette's place at the

PorteSaintMartin, of Florine and Matifat, Coralie and Camusot. After four o'clock, when he left his office,

until midnight, he amused himself; some party of pleasure had usually been arranged the night before,a

good dinner, a cardparty, a supper by some one or other of the set. Philippe was in his element.

This carnival, which lasted eighteen months, was not altogether without its troubles. The beautiful Mariette

no sooner appeared at the Opera, in January, 1821, than she captured one of the most distinguished dukes of

the court of Louis XVIII. Philippe tried to make head against the peer, and by the month of April he was

compelled by his passion, notwithstanding some luck at cards, to dip into the funds of which he was cashier.

By May he had taken eleven hundred francs. In that fatal month Mariette started for London, to see what

could be done with the lords while the temporary opera house in the Hotel Choiseul, rue Lepelletier, was

being prepared. The luckless Philippe had ended, as often happens, in loving Mariette notwithstanding her

flagrant infidelities; she herself had never thought him anything but a dullminded, brutal soldier, the first

rung of a ladder on which she had never intended to remain long. So, foreseeing the time when Philippe

would have spent all his money, she captured other journalistic support which released her from the necessity

of depending on him; nevertheless, she did feel the peculiar gratitude that class of women acknowledge

towards the first man who smooths their way, as it were, among the difficulties and horrors of a theatrical

Forced to let his terrible mistress go to London without him, Philippe went into winter quarters, as he called

it,that is, he returned to his attic room in his mother's appartement. He made some gloomy reflections as he

went to bed that night, and when he got up again. He was conscious within himself of the inability to live

otherwise than as he had been living the last year. The luxury that surrounded Mariette, the dinners, the

suppers, the evenings in the sidescenes, the animation of wits and journalists, the sort of racket that went on

around him, the delights that tickled both his senses and his vanity, such a life, found only in Paris, and

offering daily the charm of some new thing, was now more than habit,it had become to Philippe as much a

necessity as his tobacco or his brandy. He saw plainly that he could not live without these continual

enjoyments. The idea of suicide came into his head; not on account of the deficit which must soon be

discovered in his accounts, but because he could no longer live with Mariette in the atmosphere of pleasure in

which he had disported himself for over a year. Full of these gloomy thoughts, he entered for the first time his

brother's paintingroom, where he found the painter in a blue blouse, copying a picture for a dealer.

"So that's how pictures are made," said Philippe, by way of opening the conversation.

"Eh! never enough; two hundred and fifty francs. But I study the manner of the masters and learn a great

deal; I found out the secrets of their method. There's one of my own pictures," he added, pointing with the

"Unfortunately, I am known only to painters. Schinner backs me; and he has got me some work at the

Chateau de Presles, where I am going in October to do some arabesques, panels, and other decorations, for

which the Comte de Serizy, no doubt, will pay well. With such trifles and with orders from the dealers, I may

manage to earn eighteen hundred to two thousand francs a year over and above the working expenses. I shall

send that picture to the next exhibition; if it hits the public taste, my fortune is made. My friends think well of

"I don't know anything about such things," said Philippe, in a subdued voice which caused Joseph to turn and

"If I worked steadily, and the weather were clear, I could finish it in three or four days."

"That's too long; I have only one day to give you. My poor mother loves me so much that I wished to leave

"Look here, Philippe, what is the matter? If it is anything serious, I am a man and not a ninny. I am

"I have taken eleven hundred francs from the funds in my hands; I have got to send in my accounts

tomorrow morning. Half my security is lost; our poor mother will be reduced to six hundred francs a year.

That would be nothing! I could make a fortune for her later; but I am dishonored! I cannot live under

"You will not be dishonored if it is paid back. To be sure, you will lose your place, and you will only have the

five hundred francs a year from your cross; but you can live on five hundred francs."

"Farewell!" said Philippe, running rapidly downstairs, and not waiting to hear another word.

Joseph left his studio and went down to breakfast with his mother; but Philippe's confession had taken away

his appetite. He took Madame Descoings aside and told her the terrible news. The old woman made a

frightened exclamation, let fall the saucepan of milk she had in her hand, and flung herself into a chair.

Agathe rushed in; from one exclamation to another the mother gathered the fatal truth.

"He! to fail in honor! the son of Bridau to take the money that was trusted to him!"

The widow trembled in every limb; her eyes dilated and then grew fixed; she sat down and burst into tears.

"Where is he?" she cried amid the sobs. "Perhaps he has flung himself into the Seine."

"You must not give up all hope," said Madame Descoings, "because a poor lad has met with a bad woman

who has led him to do wrong. Dear me! we see that every day. Philippe has had such misfortunes! he has had

so little chance to be happy and loved that we ought not to be surprised at his passion for that creature. All

passions lead to excess. My own life is not without reproach of that kind, and yet I call myself an honest

woman. A single fault is not vice; and after all, it is only those who do nothing that are never deceived."

Agathe's despair overcame her so much that Joseph and the Descoings were obliged to lessen Philippe's

Terrible revelation of the inward thought of the poor woman on the conduct of her son.

"Mother, I assure you he thought only of your sufferings and of the wrong he had done you," said Joseph.

"Oh, my God! let him come back to me, let him live, and I will forgive all," cried the poor mother, to whose

mind a horrible vision of Philippe dragged dead out of the river presented itself.

Gloomy silence reigned for a short time. The day went by with cruel alternations of hope and fear; all three

ran to the window at the least sound, and gave way to every sort of conjecture. While the family were thus

grieving, Philippe was quietly getting matters in order at his office. He had the audacity to give in his

accounts with a statement that, fearing some accident, he had retained eleven hundred francs at his own house

for safe keeping. The scoundrel left the office at five o'clock, taking five hundred francs more from the desk,

and coolly went to a gamblinghouse, which he had not entered since his connection with the paper, for he

knew very well that a cashier must not be seen to frequent such a place. The fellow was not wanting in

acumen. His past conduct proved that he derived more from his grandfather Rouget than from his virtuous

sire, Bridau. Perhaps he might have made a good general; but in private life, he was one of those utter

scoundrels who shelter their schemes and their evil actions behind a screen of strict legality, and the privacy

At this conjuncture Philippe maintained his coolness. He won at first, and gained as much as six thousand

francs; but he let himself be dazzled by the idea of getting out of his difficulties at one stroke. He left the

trenteetquarante, hearing that the black had come up sixteen times at the roulette table, and was about to

put five thousand francs on the red, when the black came up for the seventeenth time. The colonel then put a

thousand francs on the black and won. In spite of this remarkable piece of luck, his head grew weary; he felt

it, though he continued to play. But that divining sense which leads a gambler, and which comes in flashes,

was already failing him. Intermittent perceptions, so fatal to all gamblers, set in. Lucidity of mind, like the

rays of the sun, can have no effect except by the continuity of a direct line; it can divine only on condition of

not breaking that line; the curvettings of chance bemuddle it. Philippe lost all. After such a strain, the careless

mind as well as the bravest weakens. When Philippe went home that night he was not thinking of suicide, for

he had never really meant to kill himself; he no longer thought of his lost place, nor of the sacrificed security,

nor of his mother, nor of Mariette, the cause of his ruin; he walked along mechanically. When he got home,

his mother in tears, Madame Descoings, and Joseph, all fell on his neck and kissed him and brought him

The brute at once assumed an air suitable to the occasion; all the more easily, because his illluck at cards

had deeply depressed him. Seeing her atrocious Benjamin so pale and woebegone, the poor mother knelt

beside him, kissed his hands, pressed them to her heart, and gazed at him for a long time with eyes swimming

"Philippe," she said, in a choking voice, "promise not to kill yourself, and all shall be forgotten."

Philippe looked at his sorrowing brother and at Madame Descoings, whose eyes were full of tears, and

thought to himself, "They are good creatures." Then he took his mother in his arms, raised her and put her on

his knee, pressed her to his heart and whispered as he kissed her, "For the second time, you give me life."

The Descoings managed to serve an excellent dinner, and to add two bottles of old wine with a little "liqueur

"Agathe," she said at dessert, "we must let him smoke his cigars," and she offered some to Philippe.

These two poor creatures fancied that if they let the fellow take his ease, he would like his home and stay in

it; both, therefore, tried to endure his tobaccosmoke, though each loathed it. That sacrifice was not so much

On the morrow, Agathe looked ten years older. Her terrors calmed, reflection came back to her, and the poor

woman had not closed an eye throughout that horrible night. She was now reduced to six hundred francs a

year. Madame Descoings, like all fat women fond of good eating, was growing heavy; her step on the

staircase sounded like the chopping of logs; she might die at any moment; with her life, four thousand francs

would disappear. What folly to rely on that resource! What should she do? What would become of them?

With her mind made up to become a sicknurse rather than be supported by her children, Agathe did not

think of herself. But Philippe? what would he do if reduced to live on the five hundred francs of an officer of

the Legion of honor? During the past eleven years, Madame Descoings, by giving up three thousand francs a

year, had paid her debt twice over, but she still continued to sacrifice her grandson's interests to those of the

Bridau family. Though all Agathe's honorable and upright feelings were shocked by this terrible disaster, she

said to herself: "Poor boy! is it his fault? He is faithful to his oath. I have done wrong not to marry him. If I

had found him a wife, he would not have got entangled with this danseuse. He has such a vigorous

Madame Descoings had likewise reflected during the night as to the best way of saving the honor of the

"Neither you nor Philippe should manage this delicate matter," she urged. "Our two old friends Du Bruel and

Claparon are dead, but we still have Desroches, who is very sagacious. I'll go and see him this morning. He

can tell the newspaper people that Philippe trusted a friend and has been made a victim; that his weakness in

such respects makes him unfit to be a cashier; what has now happened may happen again, and that Philippe

Agathe, seeing that this business lie would save the honor of her son, at any rate in the eyes of strangers,

kissed Madame Descoings, who went out early to make an end of the dreadful affair.

Philippe, meanwhile, had slept the sleep of the just. "She is sly, that old woman," he remarked, when his

Old Desroches, the last remaining friend of these two poor women, who, in spite of his harsh nature, never

forgot that Bridau had obtained for him his place, fulfilled like an accomplished diplomat the delicate mission

Madame Descoings had confided to him. He came to dine that evening with the family, and notified Agathe

that she must go the next day to the Treasury, rue Vivienne, sign the transfer of the funds involved, and

obtain a coupon for the six hundred francs a year which still remained to her. The old clerk did not leave the

afflicted household that night without obliging Philippe to sign a petition to the minister of war, asking for his

reinstatement in the active army. Desroches promised the two women to follow up the petition at the war

office, and to profit by the triumph of a certain duke over Philippe in the matter of the danseuse, and so obtain

"Philippe will be lieutenantcolonel in the Duc de Maufrigneuse's regiment within three months," he

Desroches went away, smothered with blessings from the two poor widows and Joseph. As to the newspaper,

it ceased to exist at the end of two months, just as Finot had predicted. Philippe's crime had, therefore, so far

as the world knew, no consequences. But Agathe's motherhood had received a deadly wound. Her belief in

her son once shaken, she lived in perpetual fear, mingled with some satisfactions, as she saw her worst

When men like Philippe, who are endowed with physical courage, and yet are cowardly and ignoble in their

moral being, see matters and things resuming their accustomed course about them after some catastrophe in

which their honor and decency is wellnigh lost, such family kindness, or any show of friendliness towards

them is a premium of encouragement. They count on impunity; their minds distorted, their passions gratified,

only prompt them to study how it happened that they succeeded in getting round all social laws; the result is

A fortnight later, Philippe, once more a man of leisure, lazy and bored, renewed his fatal cafe life,his

drams, his long games of billiards embellished with punch, his nightly resort to the gambling table, where

he risked some trifling stake and won enough to pay for his dissipations. Apparently very economical, the

better to deceive his mother and Madame Descoings, he wore a hat that was greasy, with the nap rubbed off

at the edges, patched boots, a shabby overcoat, on which the red ribbon scarcely showed so discolored and

dirty was it by long service at the buttonhole and by the spatterings of coffee and liquors. His buckskin

gloves, of a greenish tinge, lasted him a long while; and he only gave up his satin neckcloth when it was

ragged enough to look like wadding. Mariette was the sole object of the fellow's love, and her treachery had

greatly hardened his heart. When he happened to win more than usual, or if he supped with his old comrade,

Giroudeau, he followed some Venus of the slums, with brutal contempt for the whole sex. Otherwise regular

in his habits, he breakfasted and dined at home and came in every night about one o'clock. Three months of

As for Joseph, who was working at the splendid picture to which he afterwards owed his reputation, he lived

in his atelier. On the prediction of her grandson Bixiou, Madame Descoings believed in Joseph's future glory,

and she showed him every sort of motherly kindness; she took his breakfast to him, she did his errands, she

blacked his boots. The painter was never seen till dinnertime, and his evenings were spent at the Cenacle

among his friends. He read a great deal, and gave himself that deep and serious education which only comes

through the mind itself, and which all men of talent strive after between the ages of twenty and thirty. Agathe,

seeing very little of Joseph, and feeling no uneasiness about him, lived only for Philippe, who gave her the

alternations of fears excited and terrors allayed, which seem the life, as it were, of sentiment, and to be as

necessary to maternity as to love. Desroches, who came once a week to see the widow of his patron and

friend, gave her hopes. The Duc de Maufrigneuse had asked to have Philippe in his regiment; the minister of

war had ordered an inquiry; and as the name of Bridau did not appear on any police list, nor an any record at

the Palais de Justice, Philippe would be reinstated in the army early in the coming year.

To arrive at this result, Desroches set all the powers that he could influence in motion. At the prefecture of

police he learned that Philippe spent his evenings in the gamblinghouse; and he thought it best to tell this

fact privately to Madame Descoings, exhorting her keep an eye on the lieutenantcolonel, for one outbreak

would imperil all; as it was, the minister of war was not likely to inquire whether Philippe gambled. Once

restored to his rank under the flag of his country, he would perhaps abandon a vice only taken up from

idleness. Agathe, who no longer received her friends in the evening, sat in the chimneycorner reading her

prayers, while Madame Descoings consulted the cards, interpreted her dreams, and applied the rules of the

"cabala" to her lottery ventures. This jovial fanatic never missed a single drawing; she still pursued her

trey,which never turned up. It was nearly twentyone years old, just approaching its majority; on this

ridiculous idea the old woman now pinned her faith. One of its three numbers had stayed at the bottom of all

the wheels ever since the institution of the lottery. Accordingly, Madame Descoings laid heavy stakes on that

particular number, as well as on all the combinations of the three numbers. The last mattress remaining to her

bed was the place where she stored her savings; she unsewed the ticking, put in from time to time the bit of

gold saved from her needs, wrapped carefully in wool, and then sewed the mattress up again. She intended, at

the last drawing, to risk all her savings on the different combinations of her treasured trey.

This passion, so universally condemned, has never been fairly studied. No one has understood this opium of

poverty. The lottery, allpowerful fairy of the poor, bestowed the gift of magic hopes. The turn of the wheel

which opens to the gambler a vista of gold and happiness, lasts no longer than a flash of lightning, but the

lottery gave five days' existence to that magnificent flash. What social power can today, for the sum of five

sous, give us five days' happiness and launch us ideally into all the joys of civilization? Tobacco, a craving

far more immoral than play, destroys the body, attacks the mind, and stupefies a nation; while the lottery did

nothing of the kind. This passion, moreover, was forced to keep within limits by the long periods that

occurred between the drawings, and by the choice of wheels which each investor individually clung to.

Madame Descoings never staked on any but the "wheel of Paris." Full of confidence that the trey cherished

for twentyone years was about to triumph, she now imposed upon herself enormous privations, that she

might stake a large amount of savings upon the last drawing of the year. When she dreamed her cabalistic

visions (for all dreams did not correspond with the numbers of the lottery), she went and told them to Joseph,

who was the sole being who would listen, and not only not scold her, but give her the kindly words with

which an artist knows how to soothe the follies of the mind. All great talents respect and understand a real

passion; they explain it to themselves by finding the roots of it in their own hearts or minds. Joseph's ideas

was, that his brother loved tobacco and liquors, Maman Descoings loved her trey, his mother loved God,

Desroches the younger loved lawsuits, Desroches the elder loved angling,in short, all the world, he said,

loved something. He himself loved the "beau ideal" in all things; he loved the poetry of Lord Byron, the

painting of Gericault, the music of Rossini, the novels of Walter Scott. "Every one to his taste, maman," he

"Give it all to your grandson," cried Joseph; "at any rate, do what you like best with it."

"Hey! when it turns up I shall have enough for everybody. In the first place, you shall have a fine atelier; you

sha'n't deprive yourself of going to the opera so as to pay for your models and your colors. Do you know, my

By way of economy, Joseph had made the Descoings pose for his magnificent painting of a young courtesan

taken by an old woman to a Doge of Venice. This picture, one of the masterpieces of modern painting, was

mistaken by Gros himself for a Titian, and it paved the way for the recognition which the younger artists gave

"Those who know you know very well what you are," he answered gayly. "Why need you trouble yourself

For the last ten years Madame Descoings had taken on the ripe tints of a russet apple at Easter. Wrinkles had

formed in her superabundant flesh, now grown pallid and flabby. Her eyes, full of life, were bright with

thoughts that were still young and vivacious, and might be considered grasping; for there is always something

of that spirit in a gambler. Her fat face bore traces of dissimulation and of the mental reservations hidden in

the depths of her heart. Her vice necessitated secrecy. There were also indications of gluttony in the motion

of her lips. And thus, although she was, as we have seen, an excellent and upright woman, the eye might be

misled by her appearance. She was an admirable model for the old woman Joseph wished to paint. Coralie, a

young actress of exquisite beauty who died in the flower of her youth, the mistress of Lucien de Rubempre,

one of Joseph's friends, had given him the idea of the picture. This noble painting has been called a

plagiarism of other pictures, while in fact it was a splendid arrangement of three portraits. Michel Chrestien,

one of his companions at the Cenacle, lent his republican head for the senator, to which Joseph added a few

mature tints, just as he exaggerated the expression of Madame Descoings's features. This fine picture, which

was destined to make a great noise and bring the artist much hatred, jealousy, and admiration, was just

sketched out; but, compelled as he was to work for a living, he laid it aside to make copies of the old masters

for the dealers; thus he penetrated the secrets of their processes, and his brush is therefore one of the best

trained of the modern school. The shrewd sense of an artist led him to conceal the profits he was beginning to

lay by from his mother and Madame Descoings, aware that each had her road to ruin,the one in Philippe,

the other in the lottery. This astuteness is seldom wanting among painters; busy for days together in the

solitude of their studios, engaged in work which, up to a certain point, leaves the mind free, they are in some

respects like women,their thoughts turn about the little events of life, and they contrive to get at their

Joseph had bought one of those magnificent chests or coffers of a past age, then ignored by fashion, with

which he decorated a corner of his studio, where the light danced upon the basreliefs and gave full lustre to

a masterpiece of the sixteenth century artisans. He saw the necessity for a hidingplace, and in this coffer he

had begun to accumulate a little store of money. With an artist's carelessness, he was in the habit of putting

the sum he allowed for his monthly expenses in a skull, which stood on one of the compartments of the

coffer. Since his brother had returned to live at home, he found a constant discrepancy between the amount he

spent and the sum in this receptacle. The hundred francs a month disappeared with incredible celerity.

Finding nothing one day, when he had only spent forty or fifty francs, he remarked for the first time: "My

money must have got wings." The next month he paid more attention to his accounts; but add as he might,

like Robert Macaire, sixteen and five are twentythree, he could make nothing of them. When, for the third

time, he found a still more important discrepancy, he communicated the painful fact to Madame Descoings,

who loved him, he knew, with that maternal, tender, confiding, credulous, enthusiastic love that he had never

had from his own mother, good as she was,a love as necessary to the early life of an artist as the care of the

hen is to her unfledged chickens. To her alone could he confide his horrible suspicions. He was as sure of his

friends as he was of himself; and the Descoings, he knew, would take nothing to put in her lottery. At the idea

which then suggested itself the poor woman wrung her hands. Philippe alone could have committed this

"Why didn't he ask me, if he wanted it?" cried Joseph, taking a dab of color on his palette and stirring it into

the other colors without seeing what he did. "Is it likely I should refuse him?"

"It is robbing a child!" cried the Descoings, her face expressing the deepest disgust.

"No," replied Joseph, "he is my brother; my purse is his: but he ought to have asked me."

"Put in a special sum, in silver, this morning, and don't take anything out," said Madame Descoings. "I shall

know who goes into the studio; and if he is the only one, you will be certain it is he."

The next day Joseph had proof of his brother's forced loans upon him. Philippe came to the studio when his

brother was out and took the little sum he wanted. The artist trembled for his savings.

"And you'll do right: we ought to break him of it. I, too, I have missed little sums out of my purse. Poor boy!

"Poor boy! poor boy!" cried the artist. "I'm rather of Fulgence and Bixiou's opinion: Philippe is a

deadweight on us. He runs his head into riots and has to be shipped to America, and that costs the mother

twelve thousand francs; he can't find anything to do in the forests of the New World, and so he comes back

again, and that costs twelve thousand more. Under pretence of having carried two words of Napoleon to a

general, he thinks himself a great soldier and makes faces at the Bourbons; meantime, what does he do?

amuse himself, travel about, see foreign countries! As for me, I'm not duped by his misfortunes; he doesn't

look like a man who fails to get the best of things! Somebody finds him a good place, and there he is, leading

the life of a Sardanapalus with a balletgirl, and guzzling the funds of his journal; that costs the mother

another twelve thousand francs! I don't care two straws for myself, but Philippe will bring that poor woman

to beggary. He thinks I'm of no account because I was never in the dragoons of the Guard; but perhaps I shall

be the one to support that poor dear mother in her old age, while he, if he goes on as he does, will end I don't

know how. Bixiou often says to me, 'He is a downright rogue, that brother of yours.' Your grandson is right.

Philippe will be up to some mischief that will compromise the honor of the family, and then we shall have to

scrape up another ten or twelve thousand francs! He gambles every night; when he comes home, drunk as a

templar, he drops on the staircase the pricked cards on which he marks the turns of the red and black. Old

Desroches is trying to get him back into the army, and, on my word on honor, I believe he would hate to

serve again. Would you ever have believed that a boy with such heavenly blue eyes and the look of Bayard

In spite of the coolness and discretion with which Philippe played his trifling game every night, it happened

every now and then that he was what gamblers call "cleaned out." Driven by the irresistible necessity of

having his evening stake of ten francs, he plundered the household, and laid hands on his brother's money and

on all that Madame Descoings or Agathe left about. Already the poor mother had had a dreadful vision in her

first sleep: Philippe entered the room and took from the pockets of her gown all the money he could find.

Agathe pretended to sleep, but she passed the rest of the night in tears. She saw the truth only too clearly.

"One wrong act is not a vice," Madame Descoings had declared; but after so many repetitions, vice was

unmistakable. Agathe could doubt no longer; her bestbeloved son had neither delicacy nor honor.

On the morrow of that frightful vision, before Philippe left the house after breakfast, she drew him into her

chamber and begged him, in a tone of entreaty, to ask her for what money he needed. After that, the

applications were so numerous that in two weeks Agathe was drained of all her savings. She was literally

without a penny, and began to think of finding work. The means of earning money had been discussed in the

evenings between herself and Madame Descoings, and she had already taken patterns of worsted work to fill

in, from a shop called the "Pere de Famille,"an employment which pays about twenty sous a day.

Notwithstanding Agathe's silence on the subject, Madame Descoings had guessed the motive of this desire to

earn money by women'swork. The change in her appearance was eloquent: her fresh face had withered, the

skin clung to the temples and the cheekbones, and the forehead showed deep lines; her eyes lost their

clearness; an inward fire was evidently consuming her; she wept the greater part of the night. A chief cause of

these outward ravages was the necessity of hiding her anguish, her sufferings, her apprehensions. She never

went to sleep until Philippe came in; she listened for his step, she had learned the inflections of his voice, the

variations of his walk, the very language of his cane as it touched the pavement. Nothing escaped her. She

knew the degree of drunkenness he had reached, she trembled as she heard him stumble on the stairs; one

night she picked up some pieces of gold at the spot where he had fallen. When he had drunk and won, his

voice was gruff and his cane dragged; but when he had lost, his step had something sharp, short and angry

about it; he hummed in a clear voice, and carried his cane in the air as if presenting arms. At breakfast, if he

had won, his behavior was gay and even affectionate; he joked roughly, but still he joked, with Madame

Descoings, with Joseph, and with his mother; gloomy, on the contrary, when he had lost, his brusque, rough

speech, his hard glance, and his depression, frightened them. A life of debauch and the abuse of liquors

debased, day by day, a countenance that was once so handsome. The veins of the face were swollen with

blood, the features became coarse, the eyes lost their lashes and grew hard and dry. No longer careful of his

person, Philippe exhaled the miasmas of a tavern and the smell of muddy boots, which, to an observer,

"You ought," said Madame Descoings to Philippe during the last days of December, "you ought to get

"And who is to pay for it?" he answered sharply. "My poor mother hasn't a sou; and I have five hundred

francs a year. It would take my whole year's pension to pay for the clothes; besides I have mortgaged it for

"A debt of honor. Giroudeau borrowed a thousand francs from Florentine to lend me. I am not gorgeous,

that's a fact; but when one thinks that Napoleon is at Saint Helena, and has sold his plate for the means of

living, his faithful soldiers can manage to walk on their bare feet," he said, showing his boots without heels,

"You can love the Emperor and yet dress yourself properly," said Joseph. "If he would take any care of

"Joseph! you ought to have some indulgence for your brother," cried Agathe. "You do the things you like,

"What did he leave it for?" demanded Joseph. "What can it matter to him whether Louis the Eighteenth's bugs

or Napoleon's cuckoos are on the flag, if it is the flag of his country? France is France! For my part, I'd paint

for the devil. A soldier ought to fight, if he is a soldier, for the love of his art. If he had stayed quietly in the

"You are unjust to him," said Agathe, "your father, who adored the Emperor, would have approved of his

conduct. However, he has consented to reenter the army. God knows the grief it has caused your brother to

When the artist got back to his paintingroom, followed by Madame Descoings, who begged him to humor

his mother's feelings, and pointed out to him how changed she was, and what inward suffering the change

"Joseph, my boy," he said, in an offhand way, "I want some money. Confound it! I owe thirty francs for

cigars at my tobacconist's, and I dare not pass the cursed shop till I've paid it. I've promised to pay it a dozen

"Well, I like your present way best," said Joseph; "take what you want out of the skull."

"Yes, that's what I made it," replied Philippe. "I took them; is there any objection?"

"No, my friend, no," said Joseph. "If you were rich, I should do the same by you; only, before taking what I

"It is very humiliating to ask," remarked Philippe; "I would rather see you taking as I do, without a word; it

shows more confidence. In the army, if a comrade dies, and has a good pair of boots, and you have a bad pair,

"Oh, what meanness!" said Philippe, shrugging his shoulders. "Well, so you haven't got any money?"

"Yes, you; you think your trey is going to turn up on the 25th at the Paris drawing. You must have put in a

"A paidup trey of two hundred francs will give three millions, without counting the couplets and the

"At fifteen thousand times the stakeyes, you are right; it is just two hundred you must pay up!" cried

Madame Descoings bit her lips; she knew she had spoken imprudently. In fact, Philippe was asking himself

"That old witch! where does she keep her money? It is as good as lost; I can make a better use of it. With four

pools at fifty francs each, I could win two hundred thousand francs, and that's much surer than the turning up

He tried to think where the old woman was likely to have hid the money. On the days preceding festivals,

Agathe went to church and stayed there a long time; no doubt she confessed and prepared for the communion.

It was now the day before Christmas; Madame Descoings would certainly go out to buy some dainties for the

"reveillon," the midnight meal; and she might also take occasion to pay up her stake. The lottery was drawn

every five days in different localities, at Bordeaux, Lyons, Lille, Strasburg, and Paris. The Paris lottery was

drawn on the twentyfifth of each month, and the lists closed on the twentyfourth, at midnight. Philippe

studied all these points and set himself to watch. He came home at midday; the Descoings had gone out, and

had taken the key of the appartement. But that was no difficulty. Philippe pretended to have forgotten

something, and asked the concierge to go herself and get a locksmith, who lived close by, and who came at

once and opened the door. The villain's first thought was the bed; he uncovered it, passed his hands over the

mattress before he examined the bedstead, and at the lower end felt the pieces wrapped up in paper. He at

once ripped the ticking, picked out twenty napoleons, and then, without taking time to sew up the mattress,

The gambler stole off with a light foot, resolving to play at three different times, three hours apart, and each

time for only ten minutes. Thoroughgoing players, ever since 1786, the time at which public gaminghouses

were established,the true players whom the government dreaded, and who ate up, to use a gambling term,

the money of the bank,never played in any other way. But before attaining this measure of experience they

lost fortunes. The whole science of gamblinghouses and their gains rests upon three things: the impassibility

of the bank; the even results called "drawn games," when half the money goes to the bank; and the notorious

bad faith authorized by the government, in refusing to hold or pay the player's stakes except optionally. In a

word, the gamblinghouse, which refuses the game of a rich and cool player, devours the fortune of the

foolish and obstinate one, who is carried away by the rapid movement of the machinery of the game. The

Philippe had ended by acquiring the sangfroid of a commanding general, which enables him to keep his eye

clear and his mind prompt in the midst of tumult. He had reached that statesmanship of gambling which in

Paris, let us say in passing, is the livelihood of thousands who are strong enough to look every night into an

abyss without getting a vertigo. With his four hundred francs, Philippe resolved to make his fortune that day.

He put aside, in his boots, two hundred francs, and kept the other two hundred in his pocket. At three o'clock

he went to the gamblinghouse (which is now turned into the theatre of the PalaisRoyal), where the bank

accepted the largest sums. He came out half an hour later with seven thousand francs in his pocket. Then he

went to see Florentine, paid the five hundred francs which he owed to her, and proposed a supper at the

Rocher de Cancale after the theatre. Returning to his game, along the rue de Sentier, he stopped at

Giroudeau's newspaperoffice to notify him of the gala. By six o'clock Philippe had won twentyfive

thousand francs, and stopped playing at the end of ten minutes as he had promised himself to do. That night,

by ten o'clock, he had won seventyfive thousand francs. After the supper, which was magnificent, Philippe,

by that time drunk and confident, went back to his play at midnight. In defiance of the rule he had imposed

upon himself, he played for an hour and doubled his fortune. The bankers, from whom, by his system of

playing, he had extracted one hundred and fifty thousand francs, looked at him with curiosity.

"Will he go away now, or will he stay?" they said to each other by a glance. "If he stays he is lost."

Philippe thought he had struck a vein of luck, and stayed. Towards three in the morning, the hundred and fifty

thousand francs had gone back to the bank. The colonel, who had imbibed a considerable quantity of grog

while playing, left the place in a drunken state, which the cold of the outer air only increased. A waiter from

the gamblinghouse followed him, picked him up, and took him to one of those horrible houses at the door of

which, on a hanging lamp, are the words: "Lodgings for the night." The waiter paid for the ruined gambler,

who was put to bed, where he remained till Christmas night. The managers of gamblinghouses have some

consideration for their customers, especially for high players. Philippe awoke about seven o'clock in the

evening, his mouth parched, his face swollen, and he himself in the grip of a nervous fever. The strength of

his constitution enabled him to get home on foot, where meanwhile he had, without willing it, brought

The evening before, when dinner was ready, Madame Descoings and Agathe expected Philippe. They waited

dinner till seven o'clock. Agathe always went to bed at ten; but as, on this occasion, she wished to be present

at the midnight mass, she went to lie down as soon as dinner was over. Madame Descoings and Joseph

remained alone by the fire in the little salon, which served for all, and the old woman asked the painter to add

up the amount of her great stake, her monstrous stake, on the famous trey, which she was to pay that evening

at the Lottery office. She wished to put in for the doubles and singles as well, so as to seize all chances. After

feasting on the poetry of her hopes, and pouring the two horns of plenty at the feet of her adopted son, and

relating to him her dreams which demonstrated the certainty of success, she felt no other uneasiness than the

difficulty of bearing such joy, and waiting from midnight until ten o'clock of the morrow, when the winning

numbers were declared. Joseph, who saw nothing of the four hundred francs necessary to pay up the stakes,

asked about them. The old woman smiled, and led him into the former salon, which was now her

Madame Descoings hastily unmade the bed, and searched for her scissors to rip the mattress; she put on her

spectacles, looked at the ticking, saw the hole, and let fall the mattress. Hearing a sigh from the depths of the

old woman's breast, as though she were strangled by a rush of blood to the heart, Joseph instinctively held out

his arms to catch the poor creature, and placed her fainting in a chair, calling to his mother to come to them.

Agathe rose, slipped on her dressing gown, and ran in. By the light of a candle, she applied the ordinary

remedies,eaudecologne to the temples, cold water to the forehead, a burnt feather under the nose,and

"I had twenty louis in my mattress; my savings for two years; no one but Philippe could have taken them."

"But when?" cried the poor mother, overwhelmed, "he has not been in since breakfast."

"I wish I might be mistaken," said the old woman. "But this morning in Joseph's studio, when I spoke before

Philippe of my stakes, I had a presentiment. I did wrong not to go down and take my little all and pay for my

stakes at once. I meant to, and I don't know what prevented me. Oh, yes!my God! I went out to buy him

"But," said Joseph, "you left the door locked. Besides, it is so infamous. I can't believe it. Philippe couldn't

"I felt them this morning, when I made my bed after breakfast," repeated Madame Descoings.

Agathe, horrified, went down stairs and asked if Philippe had come in during the day. The concierge related

the tale of his return and the locksmith. The mother, heartstricken, went back a changed woman. White as

the linen of her chemise, she walked as we might fancy a spectre walks, slowly, noiselessly, moved by some

superhuman power, and yet mechanically. She held a candle in her hand, whose light fell full upon her face

and showed her eyes, fixed with horror. Unconsciously, her hands by a desperate movement had dishevelled

the hair about her brow; and this made her so beautiful with anguish that Joseph stood rooted in awe at the

"My aunt," she said, "take my silver forks and spoons. I have enough to make up the sum; I took your money

for Philippe's sake; I thought I could put it back before you missed it. Oh! I have suffered much."

"No, no," cried Agathe; "take my silver plate, sell it; it is useless to me; we can eat with yours."

She went to her room, took the box which contained the plate, felt its light weight, opened it, and saw a

pawnbroker's ticket. The poor mother uttered a dreadful cry. Joseph and the Descoings ran to her, saw the

empty box, and her noble falsehood was of no avail. All three were silent, and avoided looking at each other;

but the next moment, by an almost frantic gesture, Agathe laid her finger on her lips as if to entreat a secrecy

"Ah! my children," cried Madame Descoings, "I am stabbed to the heart: my trey will turn up, I am certain of

it. I am not thinking of myself, but of you two. Philippe is a monster," she continued, addressing her niece;

"he does not love you after all that you have done for him. If you do not protect yourself against him he will

bring you to beggary. Promise me to sell out your Funds and buy a lifeannuity. Joseph has a good

profession and he can live. If you will do this, dear Agathe, you will never be an expense to Joseph. Monsieur

Desroches has just started his son as a notary; he would take your twelve thousand francs and pay you an

Joseph seized his mother's candlestick, rushed up to his studio, and came down with three hundred francs.

"Here, Madame Descoings!" he cried, giving her his little store, "it is no business of ours what you do with

"Take your poor little all?the fruit of those privations that have made me so unhappy! are you mad,

Joseph?" cried the old woman, visibly torn between her dogged faith in the coming trey, and the sacrilege of

"Oh! take it if you like," said Agathe, who was moved to tears by this action of her true son.

"My child," she said, "don't tempt me. I might only lose it. The lottery, you see, is all folly."

No more heroic words were ever uttered in the hidden dramas of domestic life. It was, indeed, affection

The artist sprang at the paper, and rushed headlong down the staircase to pay the stakes. When he was no

"He has gone, the dear love," cried the old gambler; "but it shall all be his; he pays his own money."

Unhappily, Joseph did not know the way to any of the lotteryoffices, which in those days were as well

known to most people as the cigarshops to a smoker in ours. The painter ran along, reading the street names

upon the lamps. When he asked the passersby to show him a lotteryoffice, he was told they were all

closed, except the one under the portico of the PalaisRoyal which was sometimes kept open a little later. He

"Two minutes earlier, and you might have paid your stake," said one of the vendors of tickets, whose beat

was under the portico, where he vociferated this singular cry: "Twelve hundred francs for forty sous," and

By the glimmer of the street lamp and the lights of the cafe de la Rotonde, Joseph examined these tickets to

see if, by chance, any of them bore the Descoings's numbers. He found none, and returned home grieved at

having done his best in vain for the old woman, to whom he related his illluck. Agathe and her aunt went

together to the midnight mass at SaintGermaindesPres. Joseph went to bed. The collation did not take

place. Madame Descoings had lost her head; and in Agathe's heart was eternal mourning.

The two rose late on Christmas morning. Ten o'clock had struck before Madame Descoings began to bestir

herself about the breakfast, which was only ready at halfpast eleven. At that hour, the oblong frames

containing the winning numbers are hung over the doors of the lottery offices. If Madame Descoings had

paid her stake and held her ticket, she would have gone by halfpast nine o'clock to learn her fate at a

building close to the ministry of Finance, in the rue NeuvedesPetits Champs, a situation now occupied by

the Theatre Ventadour in the place of the same name. On the days when the drawings took place, an observer

might watch with curiosity the crowd of old women, cooks, and old men assembled about the door of this

building; a sight as remarkable as the cue of people about the Treasury on the days when the dividends are

"Well, here you are, rolling in wealth!" said old Desroches, coming into the room just as the Descoings was

"Her trey has turned up," he said, producing the list of numbers written on a bit of paper, such as the officials

Joseph read the list. Agathe read the list. The Descoings read nothing; she was struck down as by a

thunderbolt. At the change in her face, at the cry she gave, old Desroches and Joseph carried her to her bed.

Agathe went for a doctor. The poor woman was seized with apoplexy, and she only recovered consciousness

at four in the afternoon; old Haudry, her doctor, then said that, in spite of this improvement, she ought to

settle her worldly affairs and think of her salvation. She herself only uttered two words:

Old Desroches, informed by Joseph, with due reservations, of the state of things, related many instances

where lotteryplayers had seen a fortune escape them on the very day when, by some fatality, they had

forgotten to pay their stakes; but he thoroughly understood that such a blow might be fatal when it came after

twenty years' perseverance. About five o'clock, as a deep silence reigned in the little appartement, and the

sick woman, watched by Joseph and his mother, the one sitting at the foot, the other at the head of her bed,

was expecting her grandson Bixiou, whom Desroches had gone to fetch, the sound of Philippe's step and cane

"There he is! there he is!" cried the Descoings, sitting up in bed and suddenly able to use her paralyzed

Agathe and Joseph were deeply impressed by this powerful effect of the horror which violently agitated the

old woman. Their painful suspense was soon ended by the sight of Philippe's convulsed and purple face, his

staggering walk, and the horrible state of his eyes, which were deeply sunken, dull, and yet haggard; he had a

"Starvation in Prussia!" he cried, looking about him. "Nothing to eat or drink?and my throat on fire! Well,

what's the matter? The devil is always meddling in our affairs. There's my old Descoings in bed, looking at

"Be silent, monsieur!" said Agathe, rising. "At least, respect the sorrows you have caused."

"MONSIEUR, indeed!" he cried, looking at his mother. "My dear little mother, that won't do. Have you

"Are you worthy of love? Have you forgotten what you did yesterday? Go and find yourself another home;

you cannot live with us any longer, that is, after tomorrow," she added; "for in the state you are in now it

"To turn me out,is that it?" he interrupted. "Ha! are you going to play the melodrama of 'The Banished

Son'? Well done! is that how you take things? You are all a pretty set! What harm have I done? I've cleaned

out the old woman's mattress. What the devil is the good of money kept in wool? Do you call that a crime?

Didn't she take twenty thousand francs from you? We are her creditors, and I've paid myself as much as I

"Be silent!" exclaimed Joseph, springing at his brother and putting his hand before his mouth.

"To the right about, march! brat of a painter!" retorted Philippe, laying his strong hand on Joseph's head, and

twirling him round, as he flung him on a sofa. "Don't dare to touch the moustache of a commander of a

"She has paid me back all that she owed me," cried Agathe, rising and turning an angry face to her son; "and

besides, that is my affair. You have killed her. Go away, my son," she added, with a gesture that took all her

"Her trey has turned up," cried Joseph, "and you stole the money for her stake."

"Well, if she is dying of a lost trey, it isn't I who have killed her," said the drunkard.

"Go, go!" said Agathe. "You fill me with horror; you have every vice. My God! is this my son?"

A hollow rattle sounded in Madame Descoings's throat, increasing Agathe's anger.

"I love you still, my mother,you who are the cause of all my misfortunes," said Philippe. "You turn me out

of doors on Christmas day. What did you do to grandpa Rouget, to your father, that he should drive you

away and disinherit you? If you had not displeased him, we should all be rich now, and I should not be

reduced to misery. What did you do to your father,you who are a good woman? You see by your own self,

I may be a good fellow and yet be turned out of house and home,I, the glory of the family"

"You shall leave this room, or you shall kill me!" cried Joseph, springing on his brother with the fury of a

At this moment Bixiou and Haudry the doctor entered. Joseph had just knocked his brother over and stretched

"Lift him up," said the doctor, looking at him. "He is as ill as Madame Descoings; undress him and put him to

"That's easy to say," cried Bixiou, "but they must be cut off; his legs are swollen."

Agathe took a pair of scissors. When she had cut down the boots, which in those days were worn outside the

"There it is,her money," murmured Philippe. "Cursed fool that I was, I forgot it. I too have missed a

He was seized with a horrible delirium of fever, and began to rave. Joseph, assisted by old Desroches, who

had come back, and by Bixiou, carried him to his room. Doctor Haudry was obliged to write a line to the

Hopital de la Charite and borrow a straitwaistcoat; for the delirium ran so high as to make him fear that

Philippe might kill himself,he was raving. At nine o'clock calm was restored. The Abbe Loraux and

Desroches endeavored to comfort Agathe, who never ceased to weep at her aunt's bedside. She listened to

them in silence, and obstinately shook her head; Joseph and the Descoings alone knew the extent and depth of

"He will learn to do better, mother," said Joseph, when Desroches and Bixiou had left.

"Oh!" cried the widow, "Philippe is right,my father cursed me: I have no right to Here, here is your

money," she said to Madame Descoings, adding Joseph's three hundred francs to the two hundred found on

Philippe. "Go and see if your brother does not need something," she said to Joseph.

"Will you keep a promise made to a dying woman?" asked Madame Descoings, who felt that her mind was

"Then swear to me to give your property to young Desroches for a life annuity. My income ceases at my

death; and from what you have just said, I know you will let that wretch wring the last farthing out of you."

The old woman died on the 31st of December, five days after the terrible blow which old Desroches had so

innocently given her. The five hundred francsthe only money in the householdwere barely enough to

pay for her funeral. She left a small amount of silver and some furniture, the value of which Madame Bixiou

paid over to her grandson Bixiou. Reduced to eight hundred francs' annuity paid to her by young Desroches,

who had bought a business without clients, and himself took the capital of twelve thousand francs, Agathe

gave up her appartement on the third floor, and sold all her superfluous furniture. When, at the end of a

month, Philippe seemed to be convalescent, his mother coldly explained to him that the costs of his illness

had taken all her ready money, that she should be obliged in future to work for her living, and she urged him,

"You might have spared me that sermon," said Philippe, looking at his mother with an eye that was cold from

utter indifference. "I have seen all along that neither you nor my brother love me. I am alone in the world; I

"Make yourself worthy of our affection," answered the poor mother, struck to the very heart, "and we will

He took his old hat, rubbed white at the edges, stuck it over one ear, and went downstairs, whistling.

"Philippe! where are you going without any money?" cried his mother, who could not repress her tears.

She held out to him a hundred francs in gold, wrapped up in paper. Philippe came up the stairs he had just

He pressed his mother in his arms, but without the warmth of feeling which was all that could give value to

"To Florentine, Girodeau's mistress. Ah! they are real friends!" he answered brutally.

He went away. Agathe turned back with trembling limbs, and failing eyes, and aching heart. She fell upon her

knees, prayed God to take her unnatural child into His own keeping, and abdicated her woeful motherhood.

By February, 1822, Madame Bridau had settled into the attic room recently occupied by Philippe, which was

over the kitchen of her former appartement. The painter's studio and bedroom was opposite, on the other side

of the staircase. When Joseph saw his mother thus reduced, he was determined to make her as comfortable as

possible. After his brother's departure he assisted in the rearrangement of the garret room, to which he gave

an artist's touch. He added a rug; the bed, simple in character but exquisite in taste, had something monastic

about it; the walls, hung with a cheap glazed cotton selected with taste, of a color which harmonized with the

furniture and was newly covered, gave the room an air of elegance and nicety. In the hallway he added a

double door, with a "portiere" to the inner one. The window was shaded by a blind which gave soft tones to

the light. If the poor mother's life was reduced to the plainest circumstances that the life of any woman could

have in Paris, Agathe was at least better off than all others in a like case, thanks to her son.

To save his mother from the cruel cares of such reduced housekeeping, Joseph took her every day to dine at a

tabled'hote in the rue de Beaune, frequented by wellbred women, deputies, and titled people, where each

person's dinner cost ninety francs a month. Having nothing but the breakfast to provide, Agathe took up for

her son the old habits she had formerly had with the father. But in spite of Joseph's pious lies, she discovered

the fact that her dinner was costing him nearly a hundred francs a month. Alarmed at such enormous expense,

and not imaging that her son could earn much money by painting naked women, she obtained, thanks to her

confessor, the Abbe Loraux, a place worth seven hundred francs a year in a lotteryoffice belonging to the

Comtesse de Bauvan, the widow of a Chouan leader. The lotteryoffices of the government, the lot, as one

might say, of privileged widows, ordinarily sufficed for the support of the family of each person who

managed them. But after the Restoration the difficulty of rewarding, within the limits of constitutional

government, all the services rendered to the cause, led to the custom of giving to reduced women of title not

only one but two lotteryoffices, worth, usually, from six to ten thousand a year. In such cases, the widow of

a general or nobleman thus "protected" did not keep the lotteryoffice herself; she employed a paid manager.

When these managers were young men they were obliged to employ an assistant; for, according to law, the

offices had to be kept open till midnight; moreover, the reports required by the minister of finance involved

considerable writing. The Comtesse de Bauvan, to whom the Abbe Loraux explained the circumstances of the

widow Bridau, promised, in case her manager should leave, to give the place to Agathe; meantime she

stipulated that the widow should be taken as assistant, and receive a salary of six hundred francs. Poor

Agathe, who was obliged to be at the office by ten in the morning, had scarcely time to get her dinner. She

returned to her work at seven in the evening, remaining there till midnight. Joseph never, for two years, failed

to fetch his mother at night, and bring her back to the rue Mazarin; and often he went to take her to dinner;

his friends frequently saw him leave the opera or some brilliant salon to be punctually at midnight at the

Agathe soon acquired the monotonous regularity of life which becomes a stay and a support to those who

have endured the shock of violent sorrows. In the morning, after doing up her room, in which there were no

longer cats and little birds, she prepared the breakfast at her own fire and carried it into the studio, where she

ate it with her son. She then arranged Joseph's bedroom, put out the fire in her own chamber, and brought her

sewing to the studio, where she sat by the little iron stove, leaving the room if a comrade or a model entered

it. Though she understood nothing whatever of art, the silence of the studio suited her. In the matter of art she

made not the slightest progress; she attempted no hypocrisy; she was utterly amazed at the importance they

all attached to color, composition, drawing. When the Cenacle friends or some brotherpainter, like Schinner,

Pierre Grassou, Leon de Lora,a very youthful "rapin" who was called at that time Mistigris,discussed a

picture, she would come back afterwards, examine it attentively, and discover nothing to justify their fine

words and their hot disputes. She made her son's shirts, she mended his stockings, she even cleaned his

palette, supplied him with rags to wipe his brushes, and kept things in order in the studio. Seeing how much

thought his mother gave to these little details, Joseph heaped attentions upon her in return. If mother and son

had no sympathies in the matter of art, they were at least bound together by signs of tenderness. The mother

had a purpose. One morning as she was petting Joseph while he was sketching a large picture (finished in

"Oh, ah! he's sowing his wild oats; that fellow will make something of himself by and by."

"But he has gone through the lesson of poverty; perhaps it was poverty which changed him to what he is. If

"You think, my dear mother, that he suffered during that journey of his. You are mistaken; he kept carnival in

"Yes," replied Joseph. "For my part, I will gladly give him some money; but I don't want to see him; he killed

"For you, dear mother, I'd suffer martyrdom. I can make myself remember nothing except that he is my

"Well, then, go and see that friend of his and find out what has become of him."

Agathe rose; her scissors and work fell at her feet; she went and kissed Joseph's head, and dropped two tears

"He is your passion, that fellow," said the painter. "We all have our hopeless passions."

That afternoon, about four o'clock, Joseph went to the rue du Sentier and found his brother, who had taken

Giroudeau's place. The old dragoon had been promoted to be cashier of a weekly journal established by his

nephew. Although Finot was still proprietor of the other newspaper, which he had divided into shares,

holding all the shares himself, the proprietor and editor "de visu" was one of his friends, named Lousteau, the

son of that very subdelegate of Issoudun on whom the Bridaus' grandfather, Doctor Rouget, had vowed

vengeance; consequently he was the nephew of Madame Hochon. To make himself agreeable to his uncle,

Finot gave Philippe the place Giroudeau was quitting; cutting off, however, half the salary. Moreover, daily,

at five o'clock, Giroudeau audited the accounts and carried away the receipts. Coloquinte, the old veteran,

who was the office boy and did errands, also kept an eye on the slippery Philippe; who was, however,

behaving properly. A salary of six hundred francs, and the five hundred of his cross sufficed him to live, all

the more because, living in a warm office all day and at the theatre on a free pass every evening, he had only

to provide himself with food and a place to sleep in. Coloquinte was departing with the stamped papers on his

head, and Philippe was brushing his false sleeves of green linen, when Joseph entered.

"Bless me, here's the cub!" cried Philippe. "Well, we'll go and dine together. You shall go to the opera;

Florine and Florentine have got a box. I'm going with Giroudeau; you shall be of the party, and I'll introduce

"I can't accept your invitation; I am to take our mother to dine at a table d'hote."

"She is pretty well," answered the painter, "I have just repainted our father's portrait, and aunt Descoings's. I

have also painted my own, and I should like to give our mother yours, in the uniform of the dragoons of the

"So be it, little man," said Napoleon's staff officer, lighting his cigar at the porter's lamp.

When Joseph related Philippe's position to his mother, on their way to dinner in the rue de Beaune, he felt her

arm tremble in his, and joy lighted up her worn face; the poor soul breathed like one relieved of a heavy

weight. The next day, inspired by joy and gratitude, she paid Joseph a number of little attentions; she

decorated his studio with flowers, and bought him two stands of plants. On the first Sunday when Philippe

was to sit, Agathe arranged a charming breakfast in the studio. She laid it all out on the table; not forgetting a

flask of brandy, which, however, was only half full. She herself stayed behind a screen, in which she made a

little hole. The exdragoon sent his uniform the night before, and she had not refrained from kissing it. When

Philippe was placed, in full dress, on one of those straw horses, all saddled, which Joseph had hired for the

occasion, Agathe, fearing to betray her presence, mingled the soft sound of her tears with the conversation of

the two brothers. Philippe posed for two hours before and two hours after breakfast. At three o'clock in the

afternoon, he put on his ordinary clothes and, as he lighted a cigar, he proposed to his brother to go and dine

"Ah! you'll always have a bad opinion of me in this house," cried the colonel in a thundering voice. "Can't I

"Yes, yes!" cried Agathe, coming out of her hidingplace, and kissing her son. "Let us go and dine with him,

Joseph dared not scold his mother. He went and dressed himself; and Philippe took them to the Rocher de

Cancale, where he gave them a splendid dinner, the bill for which amounted to a hundred francs.

"The devil!" muttered Joseph uneasily; "with an income of eleven hundred francs you manage, like Ponchard

Hearing this speech just as they were on the steps of the cafe, and before they got into the carriage to go to

the theatre,for Philippe was to take his mother to the CirqueOlympique (the only theatre her confessor

allowed her to visit),Joseph pinched his mother's arm. She at once pretended to feel unwell, and refused to

go the theatre; Philippe accordingly took them back to the rue Mazarin, where, as soon as she was alone with

The following Sunday Philippe came again. This time his mother was visibly present at the sitting. She

served the breakfast, and put several questions to the dragoon. She then learned that the nephew of old

Madame Hochon, the friend of her mother, played a considerable part in literature. Philippe and his friend

Giroudeau lived among a circle of journalists, actresses, and booksellers, where they were regarded in the

light of cashiers. Philippe, who had been drinking kirsch before posing, was loquacious. He boasted that he

was about to become a great man. But when Joseph asked a question as to his pecuniary resources he was

dumb. It so happened that there was no newspaper on the following day, it being a fete, and to finish the

picture Philippe proposed to sit again on the morrow. Joseph told him that the Salon was close at hand, and as

he did not have the money to buy two frames for the pictures he wished to exhibit, he was forced to procure it

by finishing a copy of a Rubens which had been ordered by Elie Magus, the picturedealer. The original

belonged to a wealthy Swiss banker, who had only lent it for ten days, and the next day was the last; the

"Yes," replied Joseph; "it is worth twenty thousand francs. That's what genius can do. It will take me all

tomorrow to get the tones of the original and make the copy look so old it can't be distinguished from it."

The next day Elie Magus was to come for his copy. Joseph's friend, Pierre Grassou, who was working for the

same dealer, wanted to see it when finished. To play him a trick, Joseph, when he heard his knock, put the

copy, which was varnished with a special glaze of his own, in place of the original, and put the original on his

easel. Pierre Grassou was completely taken in; and then amazed and delighted at Joseph's success.

The dealer did not come as he had promised. It was getting late; Agathe dined that day with Madame

Desroches, who had lately lost her husband, and Joseph proposed to Pierre Grassou to dine at his table d'hote.

"I am to sit this evening; Joseph will be in soon, and I will wait for him in the studio."

The woman gave him the key; Philippe went upstairs, took the copy, thinking it was the original, and went

down again; returned the key to the concierge with the excuse that he had forgotten something, and hurried

off to sell his Rubens for three thousand francs. He had taken the precaution to convey a message from his

That evening when Joseph returned, bringing his mother from Madame Desroches's, the concierge told him

of Philippe's freak,how he had called intending to wait, and gone away again immediately.

"I am ruinedunless he has had the delicacy to take the copy," cried the painter, instantly suspecting the

theft. He ran rapidly up the three flights and rushed into his studio. "God be praised!" he ejaculated. "He is,

Agathe, who had followed Joseph, did not understand what he was saying; but when her son explained what

"We have never yet degraded him to the eyes of strangers," said Joseph; "but we must now warn the

concierge. In future we shall have to keep the keys ourselves. I'll finish his blackguard face from memory;

"Leave it as it is; it will pain me too much ever to look at it," answered the mother, heartstricken and

Philippe had been told how the money for this copy was to be expended; moreover he knew the abyss into

which he would plunge his brother through the loss of the Rubens; but nothing restrained him. After this last

crime Agathe never mentioned him; her face acquired an expression of cold and concentrated and bitter

"Some day," she said to herself, "we shall hear of a Bridau in the police courts."

Two months later, as Agathe was about to start for her office, an old officer, who announced himself as a

friend of Philippe on urgent business, called on Madame Bridau, who happened to be in Joseph's studio.

When Giroudeau gave his name, mother and son trembled, and none the less because the exdragoon had the

face of a tough old sailor of the worst type. His fishy gray eyes, his piebald moustache, the remains of his

shaggy hair fringing a skull that was the color of fresh butter, all gave an indescribably debauched and

libidinous expression to his appearance. He wore an old irongray overcoat decorated with the red ribbon of

an officer of the Legion of honor, which met with difficulty over a gastronomic stomach in keeping with a

mouth that stretched from ear to ear, and a pair of powerful shoulders. The torso was supported by a spindling

pair of legs, while the rubicund tints on the cheek bones bore testimony to a rollicking life. The lower part

of the cheeks, which were deeply wrinkled, overhung a coatcollar of velvet the worse for wear. Among

"What a 'noceur'!" thought Joseph, using a popular expression, meaning a "loose fish," which had lately

"Madame," said Finot's uncle and cashier, "your son is in so unfortunate a position that his friends find it

absolutely necessary to ask you to share the somewhat heavy expense which he is to them. He can no longer

do his work at the office; and Mademoiselle Florentine, of the PorteSaintMartin, has taken him to lodge

with her, in a miserable attic in the rue de Vendome. Philippe is dying; and if you and his brother are not able

to pay for the doctor and medicines, we shall be obliged, for the sake of curing him, to have him taken to the

hospital of the Capuchins. For three hundred francs we would keep him where he is. But he must have a

nurse; for at night, when Mademoiselle Florentine is at the theatre, he persists in going out, and takes things

that are irritating and injurious to his malady and its treatment. As we are fond of him, this makes us really

very unhappy. The poor fellow has pledged the pension of his cross for the next three years; he is temporarily

displaced from his office, and he has literally nothing. He will kill himself, madame, unless we can put him

into the private asylum of Doctor Dubois. It is a decent hospital, where they will take him for ten francs a

day. Florentine and I will pay half, if you will pay the rest; it won't be for more than two months."

"Monsieur, it is difficult for a mother not to be eternally grateful to you for your kindness to her son," replied

Agathe; "but this son is banished from my heart, and as for money, I have none. Not to be a burden on my

son whom you see here, who works day and night and deserves all the love his mother can give him, I am the

"And you, young man," said the old dragoon to Joseph; "can't you do as much for your brother as a poor

"Look here!" said Joseph, out of patience; "do you want me to tell you in artist language what I think of your

"And he will do very well there," answered Joseph. "If I were in like case, I should go there too."

Giroudeau withdrew, much disappointed, and also really mortified at being obliged to send to a hospital a

man who had carried the Emperor's orders at the battle of Montereau. Three months later, at the end of July,

as Agathe one morning was crossing the Pont Neuf to avoid paying a sou at the Pont des Arts, she saw,

coming along by the shops of the Quai de l'Ecole, a man bearing all the signs of second class poverty, who,

she thought, resembled Philippe. In Paris, there are three distinct classes of poverty. First, the poverty of the

man who preserves appearances, and to whom a future still belongs; this is the poverty of young men, artists,

men of the world, momentarily unfortunate. The outward signs of their distress are not visible, except under

the microscope of a close observer. These persons are the equestrian order of poverty; they continue to drive

about in cabriolets. In the second order we find old men who have become indifferent to everything, and, in

June, put the cross of the Legion of honor on alpaca overcoats; that is the poverty of small incomes, of old

clerks, who live at SaintePerine and care no longer about their outward man. Then comes, in the third place,

poverty in rags, the poverty of the people, the poverty that is poetic; which Callot, Hogarth, Murillo, Charlet,

Raffet, Gavarni, Meissonier, Art itself adores and cultivates, especially during the carnival. The man in whom

poor Agathe thought she recognized her son was astride the last two classes of poverty. She saw the ragged

neckcloth, the scurfy hat, the broken and patched boots, the threadbare coat, whose buttons had shed their

mould, leaving the empty shrivelled pod dangling in congruity with the torn pockets and the dirty collar.

Scraps of flue were in the creases of the coat, which showed plainly the dust that filled it. The man drew from

the pockets of his seamrent irongray trousers a pair of hands as black as those of a mechanic. A knitted

woollen waistcoat, discolored by use, showed below the sleeves of his coat, and above the trousers, and no

doubt served instead of a shirt. Philippe wore a green silk shade with a wire edge over his eyes; his head,

which was nearly bald, the tints of his skin, and his sunken face too plainly revealed that he was just leaving

the terrible Hopital du Midi. His blue overcoat, whitened at the seams, was still decorated with the ribbon of

his cross; and the passersby looked at the hero, doubtless some victim of the government, with curiosity and

commiseration; the rosette attracted notice, and the fiercest "ultra" was jealous for the honor of the Legion. In

those days, however much the government endeavored to bring the Order into disrepute by bestowing its

Agathe trembled through her whole being. If it were impossible to love this son any longer, she could still

suffer for him. Quivering with this last expression of motherhood, she wept as she saw the brilliant staff

officer of the Emperor turn to enter tobacconist's and pause on the threshold; he had felt in his pocket and

found nothing. Agathe left the bridge, crossed the quai rapidly, took out her purse, thrust it into Philippe's

hand, and fled away as if she had committed a crime. After that, she ate nothing for two days; before her was

"When he has spent all the money in my purse, who will give him any?" she thought. "Giroudeau did not

She no longer saw the assassin of her poor aunt, the scourge of the family, the domestic thief, the gambler,

the drunkard, the low liver of a bad life; she saw only the man recovering from illness, yet doomed to die of

starvation, the smoker deprived of his tobacco. At fortyseven years of age she grew to look like a woman of

seventy. Her eyes were dimmed with tears and prayers. Yet it was not the last grief this son was to bring upon

her; her worst apprehensions were destined to be realized. A conspiracy of officers was discovered at the

heart of the army, and articles from the "Moniteur" giving details of the arrests were hawked about the

In the depths of her cage in the lotteryoffice of the rue Vivienne, Agathe heard the name of Philippe Bridau.

She fainted, and the manager, understanding her trouble and the necessity of taking certain steps, gave her

"Ah! my friend," she said to Joseph, as she went to bed that night, "it is our severity which drove him to it."

While the artist was confiding his brother's affairs to the younger Desroches,who by this time had the

reputation of being one of the keenest and most astute lawyers in Paris, and who, moreover, did sundry

services for personages of distinction, among others for des Lupeaulx, then secretary of a

"Madame," he said, "if you can produce twelve thousand francs your son will be set at liberty for want of

Inspired by this danger, she wrote to her godmother, old Madame Hochon, begging her to ask JeanJacques

Rouget to send her the twelve thousand francs and save his nephew Philippe. If Rouget refused, she entreated

Madame Hochon to lend them to her, promising to return them in two years. By return of courier, she

My dear girl: Though your brother has an income of not less than forty thousand francs a year, without

counting the sums he has laid by for the last seventeen years, and which Monsieur Hochon estimates at more

than six hundred thousand francs, he will not give one penny to nephews whom he has never seen. As for me,

you know I cannot dispose of a farthing while my husband lives. Hochon is the greatest miser in Issoudun. I

do not know what he does with his money; he does not give twenty francs a year to his grandchildren. As for

borrowing the money, I should have to get his signature, and he would refuse it. I have not even attempted to

speak to your brother, who lives with a concubine, to whom he is a slave. It is pitiable to see how the poor

man is treated in his own home, when he might have a sister and nephews to take care of him.

I have hinted to you several times that your presence at Issoudun might save your brother, and rescue a

fortune of forty, perhaps sixty, thousand francs a year from the claws of that slut; but you either do not

answer me, or you seem never to understand my meaning. So today I am obliged to write without epistolary

circumlocution. I feel for the misfortune which has overtaken you, but, my dearest, I can do no more than pity

you. And this is why: Hochon, at eightyfive years of age, takes four meals a day, eats a salad with

hardboiled eggs every night, and frisks about like a rabbit. I shall have spent my whole lifefor he will live

to write my epitaphwithout ever having had twenty francs in my purse. If you will come to Issoudun and

counteract the influence of that concubine over your brother, you must stay with me, for there are reasons

why Rouget cannot receive you in his own house; but even then, I shall have hard work to get my husband to

let me have you here. However, you can safely come; I can make him mind me as to that. I know a way to get

what I want out of him; I have only to speak of making my will. It seems such a horrid thing to do that I do

not often have recourse to it; but for you, dear Agathe, I will do the impossible.

I hope your Philippe will get out of his trouble; and I beg you to employ a good lawyer. In any case, come to

Issoudun as soon as you can. Remember that your imbecile of a brother at fiftyseven is an older and weaker

man than Monsieur Hochon. So it is a pressing matter. People are talking already of a will that cuts off your

Adieu, my little Agathe; may God help you! Believe in the love of your godmother,

P.S. Has my nephew, Etienne, who writes in the newspapers and is intimate, they tell me, with your son

Philippe, been to pay his respects to you? But come at once to Issoudun, and we will talk over things.

This letter made a great impression on Agathe, who showed it, of course, to Joseph, to whom she had been

forced to mention Giroudeau's proposal. The artist, who grew wary when it concerned his brother, pointed

Conscious of the wisdom of that advice, Agathe went with her son the next morning, at six o'clock, to find

Desroches at his house in the rue de Bussy. The lawyer, as cold and stern as his late father, with a sharp

voice, a rough skin, implacable eyes, and the visage of a fox as he licks his lips of the blood of chickens,

"And pray, mere Bridau," he cried, in his little cracked voice, "how long are you going to be duped by your

cursed brigand of a son? Don't give him a farthing. Make yourself easy, I'll answer for Philippe. I should like

to see him brought before the Court of Peers; it might save his future. You are afraid he will be condemned;

but I say, may it please God his lawyer lets him be convicted. Go to Issoudun, secure the property for your

children. If you don't succeed, if your brother has made a will in favor of that woman, and you can't make

him revoke it,well then, at least get all the evidence you can of undue influence, and I'll institute

proceedings for you. But you are too honest a woman to know how to get at the bottom facts of such a matter.

That "go myself" made Joseph tremble in his skin. Desroches winked at him to let his mother go downstairs

"Your brother is a great scoundrel; he is the cause of the discovery of this conspiracy,intentionally or not, I

can't say, for the rascal is so sly no one can find out the exact truth as to that. Fool or traitor,take your

choice. He will be put under the surveillance of the police, nothing more. You needn't be uneasy; no one

knows this secret but myself. Go to Issoudun with your mother. You have good sense; try to save the

"Come, my poor mother, Desroches is right," said Joseph, rejoining Agathe on the staircase. "I have sold my

After writing to her godmother to announce their arrival, Agathe and Joseph started the next evening for their

trip to Issoudun, leaving Philippe to his fate. The diligence rolled through the rue d'Enfer toward the Orleans

highroad. When Agathe saw the Luxembourg, to which Philippe had been transferred, she could not refrain

Many sons would have made an impatient gesture and smiled with pity; but the artist, who was alone with his

mother in the coupe, caught her in his arms and pressed her to his heart, exclaiming:

"Oh, mother! you are a mother just as Raphael was a painter. And you will always be a fool of a mother!"

Madame Bridau's mind, diverted before long from her griefs by the distractions of the journey, began to

dwell on the purpose of it. She reread the letter of Madame Hochon, which had so stirred up the lawyer

Desroches. Struck with the words "concubine" and "slut," which the pen of a septuagenarian as pious as she

was respectable had used to designate the woman now in process of getting hold of JeanJacques Rouget's

property, struck also with the word "imbecile" applied to Rouget himself, she began to ask herself how, by

her presence at Issoudun, she was to save the inheritance. Joseph, poor disinterested artist that he was, knew

"Before our friend Desroches sent us off to protect our rights, he ought to have explained to us the means of

"So far as my poor head, which whirls at the thought of Philippe in prison,without tobacco, perhaps, and

about to appear before the Court of Peers!leaves me any distinct memory," returned Agathe, "I think

young Desroches said we were to get evidence of undue influence, in case my brother has made a will in

"He is good at that, Desroches is," cried the painter. "Bah! if we can make nothing of it I'll get him to come

"Well, don't let us trouble our heads uselessly," said Agathe. "When we get to Issoudun my godmother will

This conversation, which took place just after Madame Bridau and Joseph changed coaches at Orleans and

entered the Sologne, is sufficient proof of the incapacity of the painter and his mother to play the part the

In returning to Issoudun after thirty years' absence, Agathe was about to find such changes in its manners and

customs that it is necessary to sketch, in a few words, a picture of that town. Without it, the reader would

scarcely understand the heroism displayed by Madame Hochon in assisting her goddaughter, or the strange

situation of Jean Jacques Rouget. Though Doctor Rouget had taught his son to regard Agathe in the light of

a stranger, it was certainly a somewhat extraordinary thing that for thirty years a brother should have given no

signs of life to a sister. Such a silence was evidently caused by peculiar circumstances, and any other sister

and nephew than Agathe and Joseph would long ago have inquired into them. There is, moreover, a certain

connection between the condition of the city of Issoudun and the interests of the Bridau family, which can

Issoudun, be it said without offence to Paris, is one of the oldest cities in France. In spite of the historical

assumption which makes the emperor Probus the Noah of the Gauls, Caesar speaks of the excellent wine of

ChampFort ("de Campo Forti") still one of the best vintages of Issoudun. Rigord writes of this city in

language which leaves no doubt as to its great population and its immense commerce. But these testimonies

both assign a much lesser age to the city than its ancient antiquity demands. In fact, the excavations lately

undertaken by a learned archaeologist of the place, Monsieur Armand Peremet, have brought to light, under

the celebrated tower of Issoudun, a basilica of the fifth century, probably the only one in France. This church

preserves, in its very materials, the signmanual of an anterior civilization; for its stones came from a Roman

Issoudun, therefore, according to the researches of this antiquary, like other cities of France whose ancient or

modern autonym ends in "Dun" ("dunum") bears in its very name the certificate of an autochthonous

existence. The word "Dun," the appanage of all dignity consecrated by Druidical worship, proves a religious

and military settlement of the Celts. Beneath the Dun of the Gauls must have lain the Roman temple to Isis.

From that comes, according to Chaumon, the name of the city, IssousDun,"Is" being the abbreviation of

"Isis." Richard Coeurdelion undoubtedly built the famous tower (in which he coined money) above the

basilica of the fifth century,the third monument of the third religion of this ancient town. He used the

church as a necessary foundation, or stay, for the raising of the rampart; and he preserved it by covering it

with feudal fortifications as with a mantle. Issoudun was at that time the seat of the ephemeral power of the

Routiers and the Cottereaux, adventurers and free lancers, whom Henry II. sent against his son Richard, at

The history of Aquitaine, which was not written by the Benedictines, will probably never be written, because

there are no longer Benedictines: thus we are not able to light up these archaeological tenebrae in the history

of our manners and customs on every occasion of their appearance. There is another testimony to the ancient

importance of Issoudun in the conversion into a canal of the Tournemine, a little stream raised several feet

above the level of the Theols which surrounds the town. This is undoubtedly the work of Roman genius.

Moreover, the suburb which extends from the castle in a northerly direction is intersected by a street which

for more than two thousand years has borne the name of the rue de Rome; and the inhabitants of this suburb,

whose racial characteristics, blood, and physiognomy have a special stamp of their own, call themselves

descendants of the Romans. They are nearly all vinegrowers, and display a remarkable inflexibility of

manners and customs, due, undoubtedly, to their origin,perhaps also to their victory over the Cottereaux

and the Routiers, whom they exterminated on the plain of Charost in the twelfth century.

After the insurrection of 1830, France was too agitated to pay much attention to the rising of the

vinegrowers of Issoudun; a terrible affair, the facts of which have never been made public,for good

reasons. In the first place, the bourgeois of Issoudun refused to allow the military to enter the town. They

followed the use and wont of the bourgeoisie of the Middle Ages and declared themselves responsible for

their own city. The government was obliged to yield to a sturdy people backed up by seven or eight thousand

vinegrowers, who had burned all the archives, also the offices of "indirect taxation," and had dragged

through the streets a customs officer, crying out at every street lantern, "Let us hang him here!" The poor

man's life was saved by the national guard, who took him to prison on pretext of drawing up his indictment.

The general in command only entered the town by virtue of a compromise made with the vinegrowers; and

it needed some courage to go among them. At the moment when he showed himself at the hoteldeville, a

man from the faubourg de Rome slung a "volant" round his neck (the "volant" is a huge pruninghook

fastened to a pole, with which they trim trees) crying out, "No more clerks, or there's an end to compromise!"

The fellow would have taken off that honored head, left untouched by sixteen years of war, had it not been

for the hasty intervention of one of the leaders of the revolt, to whom a promise had been made that THE

In the fourteenth century, Issoudun still had sixteen or seventeen thousand inhabitants, remains of a

population double that number in the time of Rigord. Charles VII. possessed a mansion which still exists, and

was known, as late as the eighteenth century, as the Maison du Roi. This town, then a centre of the woollen

trade, supplied that commodity to the greater part of Europe, and manufactured on a large scale blankets,

hats, and the excellent Chevreautin gloves. Under Louis XIV., Issoudun, the birthplace of Baron and

Bourdaloue, was always cited as a city of elegance and good society, where the language was correctly

spoken. The curate Poupard, in his History of Sancerre, mentions the inhabitants of Issoudun as remarkable

among the other Berrichons for subtlety and natural wit. Today, the wit and the splendor have alike

disappeared. Issoudun, whose great extent of ground bears witness to its ancient importance, has now barely

twelve thousand inhabitants, including the vinedressers of four enormous suburbs,those of SaintPaterne,

Vilatte, Rome, and Alouette, which are really small towns. The bourgeoisie, like that of Versailles, are spread

over the length and breadth of the streets. Issoudun still holds the market for the fleeces of Berry; a commerce

now threatened by improvements in the stock which are being introduced everywhere except in Berry.

The vineyards of Issoudun produce a wine which is drunk throughout the two departments, and which, if

manufactured as Burgundy and Gascony manufacture theirs, would be one of the best wines in France. Alas,

"to do as our fathers did," with no innovations, is the law of the land. Accordingly, the vinegrowers continue

to leave the refuse of the grape in the juice during its fermentation, which makes the wine detestable, when it

might be a source of everspringing wealth, and an industry for the community. Thanks to the bitterness

which the refuse infuses into the wine, and which, they say, lessens with age, a vintage will keep a century.

This reason, given by the vinegrower in excuse for his obstinacy, is of sufficient importance to oenology to

be made public here; Guillaume le Breton has also proclaimed it in some lines of his "Phillippide."

The decline of Issoudun is explained by this spirit of sluggishness, sunken to actual torpor, which a single

fact will illustrate. When the authorities were talking of a highroad between Paris and Toulouse, it was

natural to think of taking it from Vierzon to Chateauroux by way of Issoudun. The distance was shorter than

to make it, as the road now is, through Vatan, but the leading people of the neighborhood and the city council

of Issoudun (whose discussion of the matter is said to be recorded), demanded that it should go by Vatan, on

the ground that if the highroad went through their town, provisions would rise in price and they might be

forced to pay thirty sous for a chicken. The only analogy to be found for this proceeding is in the wilder parts

of Sardinia, a land once so rich and populous, now so deserted. When Charles Albert, with a praiseworthy

intention of civilization, wished to unite Sassari, the second capital of the island, with Cagliari by a

magnificent highway (the only one ever made in that wild waste by name Sardinia), the direct line lay

through Bornova, a district inhabited by lawless people, all the more like our Arab tribes because they are

descended from the Moors. Seeing that they were about to fall into the clutches of civilization, the savages of

Bornova, without taking the trouble to discuss the matter, declared their opposition to the road. The

government took no notice of it. The first engineer who came to survey it, got a ball through his head, and

died on his level. No action was taken on this murder, but the road made a circuit which lengthened it by

The continual lowering of the price of wines drunk in the neighborhood, though it may satisfy the desire of

the bourgeoisie of Issoudun for cheap provisions, is leading the way to the ruin of the vinegrowers, who are

more and more burdened with the costs of cultivation and the taxes; just as the ruin of the woollen trade is the

result of the nonimprovement in the breeding of sheep. Country folk have the deepest horror of change;

even that which is most conducive to their interests. In the country, a Parisian meets a laborer who eats an

enormous quantity of bread, cheese, and vegetables; he proves to him that if he would substitute for that diet

a certain portion of meat, he would be better fed, at less cost; that he could work more, and would not use up

his capital of health and strength so quickly. The Berrichon sees the correctness of the calculation, but he

answers, "Think of the gossip, monsieur." "Gossip, what do you mean?" "Well, yes, what would people say

of me?" "He would be the talk of the neighborhood," said the owner of the property on which this scene took

place; "they would think him as rich as a tradesman. He is afraid of public opinion, afraid of being pointed at,

afraid of seeming ill or feeble. That's how we all are in this region." Many of the bourgeoisie utter this phrase

While ignorance and custom are invincible in the country regions, where the peasants are left very much to

themselves, the town of Issoudun itself has reached a state of complete social stagnation. Obliged to meet the

decadence of fortunes by the practice of sordid economy, each family lives to itself. Moreover, society is

permanently deprived of that distinction of classes which gives character to manners and customs. There is no

opposition of social forces, such as that to which the cities of the Italian States in the Middle Ages owed their

vitality. There are no longer any nobles in Issoudun. The Cottereaux, the Routiers, the Jacquerie, the religious

wars and the Revolution did away with the nobility. The town is proud of that triumph. Issoudun has

repeatedly refused to receive a garrison, always on the plea of cheap provisions. She has thus lost a means of

intercourse with the age, and she has also lost the profits arising from the presence of troops. Before 1756,

Issoudun was one of the most delightful of all the garrison towns. A judicial drama, which occupied for a

time the attention of France, the feud of a lieutenantgeneral of the department with the Marquis de Chapt,

whose son, an officer of dragoons, was put to death,justly perhaps, yet traitorously, for some affair of

gallantry,deprived the town from that time forth of a garrison. The sojourn of the fortyfourth

demibrigade, imposed upon it during the civil war, was not of a nature to reconcile the inhabitants to the

Bourges, whose population is yearly decreasing, is a victim of the same social malady. Vitality is leaving

these communities. Undoubtedly, the government is to blame. The duty of an administration is to discover

the wounds upon the bodypolitic, and remedy them by sending men of energy to the diseased regions, with

power to change the state of things. Alas, so far from that, it approves and encourages this ominous and fatal

tranquillity. Besides, it may be asked, how could the government send new administrators and able

magistrates? Who, of such men, is willing to bury himself in the arrondissements, where the good to be done

is without glory? If, by chance, some ambitious stranger settles there, he soon falls into the inertia of the

region, and tunes himself to the dreadful key of provincial life. Issoudun would have benumbed Napoleon.

As a result of this particular characteristic, the arrondissement of Issoudun was governed, in 1822, by men

who all belonged to Berry. The administration of power became either a nullity or a farce,except in certain

cases, naturally very rare, which by their manifest importance compelled the authorities to act. The procureur

du roi, Monsieur Mouilleron, was cousin to the entire community, and his substitute belonged to one of the

families of the town. The judge of the court, before attaining that dignity, was made famous by one of those

provincial sayings which put a cap and bells on a man's head for the rest of his life. As he ended his

summingup of all the facts of an indictment, he looked at the accused and said: "My poor Pierre! the thing is

as plain as day; your head will be cut off. Let this be a lesson to you." The commissary of police, holding

office since the Restoration, had relations throughout the arrondissement. Moreover, not only was the

It was this bourgeoisie, radical, ignorant, and loving to annoy others, which now related tales, more or less

comic, about the relations of JeanJacques Rouget with his servantwoman. The children of these people

went none the less to Sundayschool, and were as scrupulously prepared for their communion: the schools

were kept up all the same; mass was said; the taxes were paid (the sole thing that Paris extracts of the

provinces), and the mayor passed resolutions. But all these acts of social existence were done as mere routine,

and thus the laxity of the local government suited admirably with the moral and intellectual condition of the

governed. The events of the following history will show the effects of this state of things, which is not as

unusual in the provinces as might be supposed. Many towns in France, more particularly in the South, are

like Issoudun. The condition to which the ascendency of the bourgeoisie has reduced that local capital is one

which will spread over all France, and even to Paris, if the bourgeois continues to rule the exterior and

Now, one word of topography. Issoudun stretches north and south, along a hillside which rounds towards the

highroad to Chateauroux. At the foot of the hill, a canal, now called the "Riviere forcee" whose waters are

taken from the Theols, was constructed in former times, when the town was flourishing, for the use of

manufactories or to flood the moats of the rampart. The "Riviere forcee" forms an artificial arm of a natural

river, the Tournemine, which unites with several other streams beyond the suburb of Rome. These little

threads of running water and the two rivers irrigate a tract of widespreading meadowland, enclosed on all

sides by little yellowish or white terraces dotted with black speckles; for such is the aspect of the vineyards of

Issoudun during seven months of the year. The vinegrowers cut the plants down yearly, leaving only an

ugly stump, without support, sheltered by a barrel. The traveller arriving from Vierzon, Vatan, or

Chateauroux, his eyes weary with monotonous plains, is agreeably surprised by the meadows of

Issoudun,the oasis of this part of Berry, which supplies the inhabitants with vegetables throughout a region

of thirty miles in circumference. Below the suburb of Rome, lies a vast tract entirely covered with

kitchengardens, and divided into two sections, which bear the name of upper and lower Baltan. A long

avenue of poplars leads from the town across the meadows to an ancient convent named Frapesle, whose

English gardens, quite unique in that arrondissement, have received the ambitious name of Tivoli. Loving

Traces of the ancient grandeur of Issoudun of course reveal themselves to the eyes of a careful observer; and

the most suggestive are the divisions of the town. The chateau, formerly almost a town itself with its walls

and moats, is a distinct quarter which can only be entered, even at the present day, through its ancient

gateways,by means of three bridges thrown across the arms of the two rivers,and has all the appearance

of an ancient city. The ramparts show, in places, the formidable strata of their foundations, on which houses

have now sprung up. Above the chateau, is the famous tower of Issoudun, once the citadel. The conqueror of

the city, which lay around these two fortified points, had still to gain possession of the tower and the castle;

The suburb of SaintPaterne, which lies in the shape of a palette beyond the tower, encroaching on the

meadowlands, is so considerable that in the very earliest ages it must have been part of the city itself. This

opinion derived, in 1822, a sort of certainty from the then existence of the charming church of SaintPaterne,

recently pulled down by the heir of the individual who bought it of the nation. This church, one of the finest

specimens of the Romanesque that France possessed, actually perished without a single drawing being made

of the portal, which was in perfect preservation. The only voice raised to save this monument of a past art

found no echo, either in the town itself or in the department. Though the castle of Issoudun has the

appearance of an old town, with its narrow streets and its ancient mansions, the city itself, properly so called,

which was captured and burned at different epochs, notably during the Fronde, when it was laid in ashes, has

a modern air. Streets that are spacious in comparison with those of other towns, and wellbuilt houses form a

striking contrast to the aspect of the citadel,a contrast that has won for Issoudun, in certain geographies,

In a town thus constituted, without the least activity, even business activity, without a taste for art, or for

learned occupations, and where everybody stayed in the little round of his or her own home, it was likely to

happen, and did happen under the Restoration in 1816 when the war was over, that many of the young men of

the place had no career before them, and knew not where to turn for occupation until they could marry or

inherit the property of their fathers. Bored in their own homes, these young fellows found little or no

distraction elsewhere in the city; and as, in the language of that region, "youth must shed its cuticle" they

sowed their wild oats at the expense of the town itself. It was difficult to carry on such operations in open

day, lest the perpetrators should be recognized; for the cup of their misdemeanors once filled, they were liable

to be arraigned at their next peccadillo before the police courts; and they therefore judiciously selected the

night time for the performance of their mischievous pranks. Thus it was that among the traces of divers lost

civilizations, a vestige of the spirit of drollery that characterized the manners of antiquity burst into a final

The young men amused themselves very much as Charles IX. amused himself with his courtiers, or Henry V.

of England and his companions, or as in former times young men were wont to amuse themselves in the

provinces. Having once banded together for purposes of mutual help, to defend each other and invent

amusing tricks, there presently developed among them, through the clash of ideas, that spirit of malicious

mischief which belongs to the period of youth and may even be observed among animals. The confederation,

in itself, gave them the mimic delights of the mystery of an organized conspiracy. They called themselves the

"Knights of Idleness." During the day these young scamps were youthful saints; they all pretended to extreme

quietness; and, in fact, they habitually slept late after the nights on which they had been playing their

malicious pranks. The "Knights" began with mere commonplace tricks, such as unhooking and changing

signs, ringing bells, flinging casks left before one house into the cellar of the next with a crash, rousing the

occupants of the house by a noise that seemed to their frightened ears like the explosion of a mine. In

Issoudun, as in many country towns, the cellar is entered by an opening near the door of the house, covered

In 1816, these modern Bad Boys had not altogether given up such tricks as these, perpetrated in the provinces

by all young lads and gamins. But in 1817 the Order of Idleness acquired a Grand Master, and distinguished

itself by mischief which, up to 1823, spread something like terror in Issoudun, or at least kept the artisans and

This leader was a certain Maxence Gilet, commonly called Max, whose antecedents, no less than his youth

and his vigor, predestined him for such a part. Maxence Gilet was supposed by all Issoudun to be the natural

son of the subdelegate Lousteau, that brother of Madame Hochon whose gallantries had left memories

behind them, and who, as we have seen, drew down upon himself the hatred of old Doctor Rouget about the

time of Agathe's birth. But the friendship which bound the two men together before their quarrel was so close

that, to use an expression of that region and that period, "they willingly walked the same road." Some people

said that Maxence was as likely to be the son of the doctor as of the subdelegate; but in fact he belonged to

neither the one nor the other,his father being a charming dragoon officer in garrison at Bourges.

Nevertheless, as a result of their enmity, and very fortunately for the child, Rouget and Lousteau never ceased

Max's mother, the wife of a poor sabotmaker in the Rome suburb, was possessed, for the perdition of her

soul, of a surprising beauty, a Trasteverine beauty, the only property which she transmitted to her son.

Madame Gilet, pregnant with Maxence in 1788, had long desired that blessing, which the town attributed to

the gallantries of the two friends,probably in the hope of setting them against each other. Gilet, an old

drunkard with a triple throat, treated his wife's misconduct with a collusion that is not uncommon among the

lower classes. To make sure of protectors for her son, Madame Gilet was careful not to enlighten his reputed

fathers as to his parentage. In Paris, she would have turned out a millionaire; at Issoudun she lived sometimes

at her ease, more often miserably, and, in the long run, despised. Madame Hochon, Lousteau's sister, paid

sixty francs a year for the lad's schooling. This liberality, which Madame Hochon was quite unable to practise

on her own account because of her husband's stinginess, was naturally attributed to her brother, then living at

When Doctor Rouget, who certainly was not lucky in sons, observed Max's beauty, he paid the board of the

"young rogue," as he called him, at the seminary, up to the year 1805. As Lousteau died in 1800, and the

doctor apparently obeyed a feeling of vanity in paying the lad's board until 1805, the question of the paternity

was left forever undecided. Maxence Gilet, the butt of many jests, was soon forgotten, and for this reason:

In 1806, a year after Doctor Rouget's death, the lad, who seemed to have been created for a venturesome life,

and was moreover gifted with remarkable vigor and agility, got into a series of scrapes which more or less

threatened his safety. He plotted with the grandsons of Monsieur Hochon to worry the grocers of the city; he

gathered fruit before the owners could pick it, and made nothing of scaling walls. He had no equal at bodily

exercises, he played base to perfection, and could have outrun a hare. With a keen eye worthy of

Leatherstocking, he loved hunting passionately. His time was passed in firing at a mark, instead of studying;

and he spent the money extracted from the old doctor in buying powder and ball for a wretched pistol that old

Gilet, the sabotmaker, had given him. During the autumn of 1806, Maxence, then seventeen, committed an

involuntary murder, by frightening in the dusk a young woman who was pregnant, and who came upon him

suddenly while stealing fruit in her garden. Threatened with the guillotine by Gilet, who doubtless wanted to

get rid of him, Max fled to Bourges, met a regiment then on its way to Egypt, and enlisted. Nothing came of

A young fellow of Max's character was sure to distinguish himself, and in the course of three campaigns he

did distinguish himself so highly that he rose to be a captain, his lack of education helping him strenuously.

In Portugal, in 1809, he was left for dead in an English battery, into which his company had penetrated

without being able to hold it. Max, taken prisoner by the English, was sent to the Spanish hulks at the island

of Cabrera, the most horrible of all stations for prisoners of war. His friends begged that he might receive the

cross of the Legion of honor and the rank of major; but the Emperor was then in Austria, and he reserved his

favors for those who did brilliant deeds under his own eye: he did not like officers or men who allowed

themselves to be taken prisoner, and he was, moreover, much dissatisfied with events in Portugal. Max was

held at Cabrera from 1810 to 1814.[1] During those years he became utterly demoralized, for the hulks were

like galleys, minus crime and infamy. At the outset, to maintain his personal free will, and protect himself

against the corruption which made that horrible prison unworthy of a civilized people, the handsome young

captain killed in a duel (for duels were fought on those hulks in a space scarcely six feet square) seven bullies

among his fellowprisoners, thus ridding the island of their tyranny to the great joy of the other victims. After

this, Max reigned supreme in his hulk, thanks to the wonderful ease and address with which he handled

[1] The cruelty of the Spaniards to the French prisoners at Cabrera was very great. In the spring of 1811,

H.M. brig "Minorca," Captain Wormeley, was sent by Admiral Sir Charles Cotton, then commanding the

Mediterranean fleet, to make a report of their condition. As she neared the island, the wretched prisoners

swam out to meet her. They were reduced to skin and bone; many of them were naked; and their miserable

condition so moved the seamen of the "Minorca" that they came aft to the quarterdeck, and asked

permission to subscribe three days' rations for the relief of the sufferers. Captain Wormeley carried away

some of the prisoners, and his report to Sir Charles Cotton, being sent to the Admiralty, was made the basis

of a remonstrance on the part of the British government with Spain on the subject of its cruelties. Sir Charles

Cotton despatched Captain Wormeley a second time to Cabrera with a good many head of live cattle and a

But he, in turn, committed arbitrary acts; there were those who curried favor with him, and worked his will,

and became his minions. In that school of misery, where bitter minds dreamed only of vengeance, where the

sophistries hatched in such brains were laying up, inevitably, a store of evil thoughts, Max became utterly

demoralized. He listened to the opinions of those who longed for fortune at any price, and did not shrink from

the results of criminal actions, provided they were done without discovery. When peace was proclaimed, in

April, 1814, he left the island, depraved though still innocent. On his return to Issoudun he found his father

and mother dead. Like others who give way to their passions and make life, as they call it, short and sweet,

the Gilets had died in the almshouse in the utmost poverty. Immediately after his return, the news of

Napoleon's landing at Cannes spread through France; Max could do no better than go to Paris and ask for his

rank as major and for his cross. The marshal who was at that time minister of war remembered the brave

conduct of Captain Gilet in Portugal. He put him in the Guard as captain, which gave him the grade of major

in the infantry; but he could not get him the cross. "The Emperor says that you will know how to win it at the

first chance," said the marshal. In fact, the Emperor did put the brave captain on his list for decoration the

After the battle of Waterloo Max retreated to the Loire. At the time of the disbandment, Marshal Feltre

refused to recognize Max's grade as major, or his claim to the cross. The soldier of Napoleon returned to

Issoudun in a state of exasperation that may well be conceived; he declared that he would not serve without

either rank or cross. The waroffice considered these conditions presumptuous in a young man of

twentyfive without a name, who might, if they were granted, become a colonel at thirty. Max accordingly

sent in his resignation. The major for among themselves Bonapartists recognized the grades obtained in

1815thus lost the pittance called halfpay which was allowed to the officers of the army of the Loire. But

all Issoudun was roused at the sight of the brave young fellow left with only twenty napoleons in his

possession; and the mayor gave him a place in his office with a salary of six hundred francs. Max kept it a

few months, then gave it up of his own accord, and was replaced by a captain named Carpentier, who, like

By this time Gilet had become grand master of the Knights of Idleness, and was leading a life which lost him

the goodwill of the chief people of the town; who, however, did not openly make the fact known to him, for

he was violent and much feared by all, even by the officers of the old army who, like himself, had refused to

serve under the Bourbons, and had come home to plant their cabbages in Berry. The little affection felt for the

Bourbons among the natives of Issoudun is not surprising when we recall the history which we have just

given. In fact, considering its size and lack of importance, the little place contained more Bonapartists than

any other town in France. These men became, as is well known, nearly all Liberals.

In Issoudun and its neighborhood there were a dozen officers in Max's position. These men admired him and

made him their leader,with the exception, however, of Carpentier, his successor, and a certain Monsieur

Mignonnet, excaptain in the artillery of the Guard. Carpentier, a cavalry officer risen from the ranks, had

married into one of the best families in the town,the BornicheHerau. Mignonnet, brought up at the Ecole

Polytechnique, had served in a corps which held itself superior to all others. In the Imperial armies there were

two shades of distinction among the soldiers themselves. A majority of them felt a contempt for the

bourgeois, the "civilian," fully equal to the contempt of nobles for their serfs, or conquerors for the

conquered. Such men did not always observe the laws of honor in their dealings with civilians; nor did they

much blame those who rode rough shod over the bourgeoisie. The others, and particularly the artillery,

perhaps because of its republicanism, never adopted the doctrine of a military France and a civil France, the

tendency of which was nothing less than to make two nations. So, although Major Potel and Captain Renard,

two officers living in the Rome suburb, were friends to Maxence Gilet "through thick and thin," Major

Mignonnet and Captain Carpentier took sides with the bourgeoisie, and thought his conduct unworthy of a

Major Mignonnet, a lean little man, full of dignity, busied himself with the problems which the steamengine

requires us to solve, and lived in a modest way, taking his social intercourse with Monsieur and Madame

Carpentier. His gentle manners and ways, and his scientific occupations won him the respect of the whole

town; and it was frequently said of him and of Captain Carpentier that they were "quite another thing" from

Major Potel and Captain Renard, Maxence, and other frequenters of the cafe Militaire, who retained the

At the time when Madame Bridau returned to Issoudun, Max was excluded from the society of the place. He

showed, moreover, proper selfrespect in never presenting himself at the club, and in never complaining of

the severe reprobation that was shown him; although he was the handsomest, the most elegant, and the best

dressed man in the place, spent a great deal of money, and kept a horse,a thing as amazing at Issoudun as

the horse of Lord Byron at Venice. We are now to see how it was that Maxence, poor and without apparent

means, was able to become the dandy of the town. The shameful conduct which earned him the contempt of

all scrupulous or religious persons was connected with the interests which brought Agathe and Joseph to

Judging by the audacity of his bearing, and the expression of his face, Max cared little for public opinion; he

expected, no doubt, to take his revenge some day, and to lord it over those who now condemned him.

Moreover, if the bourgeoisie of Issoudun thought ill of him, the admiration he excited among the common

people counterbalanced their opinion; his courage, his dashing appearance, his decision of character, could

not fail to please the masses, to whom his degradations were, for the most part, unknown, and indeed the

bourgeoisie themselves scarcely suspected its extent. Max played a role at Issoudun which was something

like that of the blacksmith in the "Fair Maid of Perth"; he was the champion of Bonapartism and the

Opposition; they counted upon him as the burghers of Perth counted upon Smith on great occasions. A single

In 1819, a battalion commanded by royalist officers, young men just out of the Maison Rouge, passed

through Issoudun on its way to go into garrison at Bourges. Not knowing what to do with themselves in so

constitutional a place as Issoudun, these young gentlemen went to while away the time at the cafe Militaire.

In every provincial town there is a military cafe. That of Issoudun, built on the place d'Armes at an angle of

the rampart, and kept by the widow of an officer, was naturally the rendezvous of the Bonapartists, chiefly

officers on halfpay, and others who shared Max's opinions, to whom the politics of the town allowed free

expression of their idolatry for the Emperor. Every year, dating from 1816, a banquet was given in Issoudun

to commemorate the anniversary of his coronation. The three royalists who first entered asked for the

newspapers, among others, for the "Quotidienne" and the "Drapeau Blanc." The politics of Issoudun,

especially those of the cafe Militaire, did not allow of such royalist journals. The establishment had none but

the "Commerce,"a name which the "Constitutionel" was compelled to adopt for several years after it was

suppressed by the government. But as, in its first issue under the new name, the leading article began with

these words, "Commerce is essentially constitutional," people continued to call it the "Constitutionel," the

subscribers all understanding the sly play of words which begged them to pay no attention to the label, as the

The fat landlady replied from her seat at the desk that she did not take those papers. "What papers do you take

then?" asked one of the officers, a captain. The waiter, a little fellow in a blue cloth jacket, with an apron of

The captain tore it up, flung the pieces on the floor, and spat upon them, calling out,

In ten minutes the news of the insult offered to the Constitution Opposition and the Liberal party, in the

supersacred person of its revered journal, which attacked priests with courage and the wit we all remember,

spread throughout the town and into the houses like light itself; it was told and repeated from place to place.

Max soon heard of it. The royalist officers were still at their game of dominos when that hero entered the

cafe, accompanied by Major Potel and Captain Renard, and followed by at least thirty young men, curious to

see the end of the affair, most of whom remained outside in the street. The room was soon full.

Then a little comedy was played. The fat hostess, with a timid and conciliatory air, said, "Captain, I have lent

The young royalists were laughing and casting sidelong glances at the newcomers.

"They have torn it up!" cried a youth of the town, looking at the feet of the young royalist captain.

"Who has dared to destroy that paper?" demanded Max, in a thundering voice, his eyes flashing as he rose

"And we spat upon it," replied the three young officers, also rising, and looking at Max.

With a dexterity, quickness, and audacity which the young men did not foresee, Max slapped the face of the

They fought near by, in the allee de Frapesle, three against three; for Potel and Renard would not allow Max

to deal with the officers alone. Max killed his man. Major Potel wounded his so severely, that the unfortunate

young man, the son of a good family, died in the hospital the next day. As for the third, he got off with a

sword cut, after wounding his adversary, Captain Renard. The battalion left for Bourges that night. This

The Knights of Idleness, who were all young, the eldest not more than twentyfive years old, admired

Maxence. Some among them, far from sharing the prudery and strict notions of their families concerning his

conduct, envied his present position and thought him fortunate. Under such a leader, the Order did great

things. After the month of May, 1817, never a week passed that the town was not thrown into an uproar by

some new piece of mischief. Max, as a matter of honor, imposed certain conditions upon the Knights.

Statutes were drawn up. These young demons grew as vigilant as the pupils of Amoros,bold as hawks,

agile at all exercises, clever and strong as criminals. They trained themselves in climbing roofs, scaling

houses, jumping and walking noiselessly, mixing mortar, and walling up doors. They collected an arsenal of

ropes, ladders, tools, and disguises. After a time the Knights of Idleness attained to the beauideal of

malicious mischief, not only as to the accomplishment but, still more, in the invention of their pranks. They

came at last to possess the genius for evil that Panurge so much delighted in; which provokes laughter, and

covers its victims with such ridicule that they dare not complain. Naturally, these sons of good families of

Issoudun possessed and obtained information in their households, which gave them the ways and means for

Sometimes the young devils incarnate lay in ambush along the Grand'rue or the Basse rue, two streets which

are, as it were, the arteries of the town, into which many little side streets open. Crouching, with their heads

to the wind, in the angles of the wall and at the corners of the streets, at the hour when all the households

were hushed in their first sleep, they called to each other in tones of terror from ambush to ambush along the

whole length of the town: "What's the matter?" "What is it?" till the repeated cries woke up the citizens, who

appeared in their shirts and cotton nightcaps, with lights in their hands, asking questions of one another,

A certain poor bookbinder, who was very old, believed in hobgoblins. Like most provincial artisans, he

worked in a small basement shop. The Knights, disguised as devils, invaded the place in the middle of the

night, put him into his own cuttingpress, and left him shrieking to himself like the souls in hell. The poor

man roused the neighbors, to whom he related the apparitions of Lucifer; and as they had no means of

In the middle of a severe winter, the Knights took down the chimney of the collector of taxes, and built it up

again in one night apparently as it was before, without making the slightest noise, or leaving the least trace of

their work. But they so arranged the inside of the chimney as to send all the smoke into the house. The

collector suffered for two months before he found out why his chimney, which had always drawn so well,

and of which he had often boasted, played him such tricks; he was then obliged to build a new one.

At another time, they put three trusses of hay dusted with brimstone, and a quantity of oiled paper down the

chimney of a pious old woman who was a friend of Madame Hochon. In the morning, when she came to light

her fire, the poor creature, who was very gentle and kindly, imagined she had started a volcano. The

fireengines came, the whole population rushed to her assistance. Several Knights were among the firemen,

and they deluged the old woman's house, till they had frightened her with a flood, as much as they had

When they wished to make some one spend the night under arms and in mortal terror, they wrote an

anonymous letter telling him that he was about to be robbed; then they stole softly, one by one, round the

One of their famous performances, which long amused the town, where in fact it is still related, was to write a

letter to all the heirs of a miserly old lady who was likely to leave a large property, announcing her death, and

requesting them to be promptly on hand when the seals were affixed. Eighty persons arrived from Vatan,

SaintFlorent, Vierzon and the neighboring country, all in deep mourning,widows with sons, children with

their fathers, some in carrioles, some in wicker gigs, others in dilapidated carts. Imagine the scene between

the old woman's servants and the first arrivals! and the consultations among the notaries! It created a sort of

At last, one day the subprefect woke up to a sense that this state of things was all the more intolerable

because it seemed impossible to find out who was at the bottom of it. Suspicion fell on several young men;

but as the National Guard was a mere name in Issoudun, and there was no garrison, and the lieutenant of

police had only eight gendarmes under him, so that there were no patrols, it was impossible to get any proof

against them. The subprefect was immediately posted in the "order of the night," and considered thenceforth

fair game. This functionary made a practice of breakfasting on two fresh eggs. He kept chickens in his yard,

and added to his mania for eating fresh eggs that of boiling them himself. Neither his wife nor his servant, in

fact no one, according to him, knew how to boil an egg properly; he did it watch in hand, and boasted that he

carried off the palm of egg boiling from all the world. For two years he had boiled his eggs with a success

which earned him many witticisms. But now, every night for a whole month, the eggs were taken from his

henhouse, and hardboiled eggs substituted. The subprefect was at his wits' end, and lost his reputation as

the "sousprefet a l'oeuf." Finally he was forced to breakfast on other things. Yet he never suspected the

Knights of Idleness, whose trick had been cautiously played. After this, Max managed to grease the

subprefect's stoves every night with an oil which sent forth so fetid a smell that it was impossible for any

one to stay in the house. Even that was not enough; his wife, going to mass one morning, found her shawl

glued together on the inside with some tenacious substance, so that she was obliged to go without it. The

subprefect finally asked for another appointment. The cowardly submissiveness of this officer had much to

do with firmly establishing the weird and comic authority of the Knights of Idleness.

Beyond the rue des Minimes and the place Misere, a section of a quarter was at that time enclosed between an

arm of the "Riviere forcee" on the lower side and the ramparts on the other, beginning at the place d'Armes

and going as far as the pottery market. This irregular square is filled with poorlooking houses crowded one

against the other, and divided here and there by streets so narrow that two persons cannot walk abreast. This

section of the town, a sort of cour des Miracles, was occupied by poor people or persons working at trades

that were little remunerative,a population living in hovels, and buildings called picturesquely by the

familiar term of "blind houses." From the earliest ages this has no doubt been an accursed quarter, the haunt

of evildoers; in fact one thoroughfare is named "the street of the Executioner." For more than five centuries

it has been customary for the executioner to have a red door at the entrance of his house. The assistant of the

executioner of Chateauroux still lives there,if we are to believe public rumor, for the townspeople never

see him: the vinedressers alone maintain an intercourse with this mysterious being, who inherits from his

predecessors the gift of curing wounds and fractures. In the days when Issoudun assumed the airs of a capital

city the women of the town made this section of it the scene of their wanderings. Here came the secondhand

sellers of things that look as if they never could find a purchaser, oldclothes dealers whose wares infected

the air; in short, it was the rendezvous of that apocryphal population which is to be found in nearly all such

At the corner of one of these gloomy streets in the livelier half of the quarter, there existed from 1815 to

1823, and perhaps later, a publichouse kept by a woman commonly called Mere Cognette. The house itself

was tolerably well built, in courses of white stone, with the intermediary spaces filled in with ashlar and

cement, one storey high with an attic above. Over the door was an enormous branch of pine, looking as

though it were cast in Florentine bronze. As if this symbol were not explanatory enough, the eye was arrested

by the blue of a poster which was pasted over the doorway, and on which appeared, above the words "Good

Beer of Mars," the picture of a soldier pouring out, in the direction of a very decolletee woman, a jet of foam

which spurted in an arched line from the pitcher to the glass which she was holding towards him; the whole

The groundfloor was occupied by an immense hall serving both as kitchen and diningroom, from the

beams of which hung, suspended by huge nails, the provisions needed for the custom of such a house. Behind

this hall a winding staircase led to the upper storey; at the foot of the staircase a door led into a low, long

room lighted from one of those little provincial courts, so narrow, dark, and sunken between tall houses, as to

seem like the flue of a chimney. Hidden by a shed, and concealed from all eyes by walls, this low room was

the place where the Bad Boys of Issoudun held their plenary court. Ostensibly, Pere Cognet boarded and

lodged the countrypeople on marketdays; secretly, he was landlord to the Knights of Idleness. This man,

who was formerly a groom in a rich household, had ended by marrying La Cognette, a cook in a good family.

The suburb of Rome still continues, like Italy and Poland, to follow the Latin custom of putting a feminine

By uniting their savings Pere Cognet and his spouse had managed to buy their present house. La Cognette, a

woman of forty, tall and plump, with the nose of a Roxelane, a swarthy skin, jetblack hair, brown eyes that

were round and lively, and a general air of mirth and intelligence, was selected by Maxence Gilet, on account

of her character and her talent for cookery, as the Leonarde of the Order. Pere Cognet might be about

fiftysix years old; he was thickset, very much under his wife's rule, and, according to a witticism which she

was fond of repeating, he only saw things with a good eyefor he was blind of the other. In the course of

seven years, that is, from 1816 to 1823, neither wife nor husband had betrayed what went on nightly at their

house, or who they were that shared in the plot; they felt the liveliest regard for the Knights; their devotion

was absolute. But this may seem less creditable if we remember that selfinterest was the security of their

affection and their silence. No matter at what hour of the night the Knights dropped in upon the tavern, the

moment they knocked in a certain way Pere Cognet, recognizing the signal, got up, lit the fire and the

candles, opened the door, and went to the cellar for a particular wine that was laid in expressly for the Order;

while La Cognette cooked an excellent supper, eaten either before or after the expeditions, which were

While Joseph and Madame Bridau were journeying from Orleans to Issoudun, the Knights of Idleness

perpetrated one of their best tricks. An old Spaniard, a former prisoner of war, who after the peace had

remained in the neighborhood, where he did a small business in grain, came early one morning to market,

leaving his empty cart at the foot of the tower of Issoudun. Maxence, who arrived at a rendezvous of the

Knights, appointed on that occasion at the foot of the tower, was soon assailed with the whispered question,

"Here's Pere Fario's cart," he answered. "I nearly cracked my shins over it. Let us get it up on the

embankment of the tower in the first place, and we'll make up our minds afterwards."

When Richard CoeurdeLion built the tower of Issoudun he raised it, as we have said, on the ruins of the

basilica, which itself stood above the Roman temple and the Celtic Dun. These ruins, each of which

represents a period of several centuries, form a mound big with the monuments of three distinct ages. The

tower is, therefore, the apex of a cone, from which the descent is equally steep on all sides, and which is only

approached by a series of steps. To give in a few words an idea of the height of this tower, we may compare it

to the obelisk of Luxor on its pedestal. The pedestal of the tower of Issoudun, which hid within its breast such

archaeological treasures, was eighty feet high on the side towards the town. In an hour the cart was taken off

its wheels and hoisted, piece by piece, to the top of the embankment at the foot of the tower itself,a work

that was somewhat like that of the soldiers who carried the artillery over the pass of the Grand

SaintBernard. The cart was then remounted on its wheels, and the Knights, by this time hungry and thirsty,

returned to Mere Cognette's, where they were soon seated round the table in the low room, laughing at the

The Knights, naturally, did not play such capers every night. The genius of Sganarelle, Mascarille, and

Scapin combined would not have sufficed to invent three hundred and sixtyfive pieces of mischief a year. In

the first place, circumstances were not always propitious: sometimes the moon shone clear, or the last prank

had greatly irritated their betters; then one or another of their number refused to share in some proposed

outrage because a relation was involved. But if the scamps were not at Mere Cognette's every night, they

always met during the day, enjoying together the legitimate pleasures of hunting, or the autumn vintages and

the winter skating. Among this assemblage of twenty youths, all of them at war with the social somnolence of

the place, there are some who were more closely allied than others to Max, and who made him their idol. A

character like his often fascinates other youths. The two grandsons of Madame HochonFrancois Hochon

and Baruch Bornichewere his henchmen. These young fellows, accepting the general opinion of the

lefthanded parentage of Lousteau, looked upon Max as their cousin. Max, moreover, was liberal in lending

them money for their pleasures, which their grandfather Hochon refused; he took them hunting, let them see

life, and exercised a much greater influence over them than their own family. They were both orphans, and

were kept, although each had attained his majority, under the guardianship of Monsieur Hochon, for reasons

At this particular moment Francois and Baruch (we will call them by their Christian names for the sake of

clearness) were sitting, one on each side of Max, at the middle of a table that was rather ill lighted by the

fuliginous gleams of four tallow candles of eight to the pound. A dozen to fifteen bottles of various wines had

just been drunk, for only eleven of the Knights were present. Baruchwhose name indicates pretty clearly

that Calvinism still kept some hold on Issoudunsaid to Max, as the wine was beginning to unloose all

"Why, my grandmother has had a letter from Madame Bridau, who is her goddaughter, saying that she and

her son are coming here. My grandmother has been getting two rooms ready for them."

"What's that to me?" said Max, taking up his glass and swallowing the contents at a gulp with a comic

Max was then thirtyfour years old. A candle standing near him threw a gleam upon his soldierly face, lit up

his brow, and brought out admirably his clear skin, his ardent eyes, his black and slightly curling hair, which

had the brilliancy of jet. The hair grew vigorously upward from the forehead and temples, sharply defining

those five black tongues which our ancestors used to call the "five points." Notwithstanding this abrupt

contrast of black and white, Max's face was very sweet, owing its charm to an outline like that which Raphael

gave to the faces of his Madonnas, and to a wellcut mouth whose lips smiled graciously, giving an

expression of countenance which Max had made distinctively his own. The rich coloring which blooms on a

Berrichon cheek added still further to his look of kindly goodhumor. When he laughed heartily, he showed

thirty two teeth worthy of the mouth of a pretty woman. In height about five feet six inches, the young man

was admirably wellproportioned, neither too stout nor yet too thin. His hands, carefully kept, were white

and rather handsome; but his feet recalled the suburb and the footsoldier of the Empire. Max would

certainly have made a good general of division; he had shoulders that were worth a fortune to a marshal of

France, and a breast broad enough to wear all the orders of Europe. Every movement betrayed intelligence;

born with grace and charm, like nearly all the children of love, the noble blood of his real father came out in

"Don't you know, Max," cried the son of a former surgeonmajor named Goddetnow the best doctor in the

townfrom the other end of the table, "that Madame Hochon's goddaughter is the sister of Rouget? If she is

coming here with her son, no doubt she means to make sure of getting the property when he dies, and

Max frowned. Then, with a look which ran from one face to another all round the table, he watched the effect

"But," said Francois, "I should think that if old Rouget revoked his will,in case he has made one in favor of

Here Max cut short his henchman's speech. "I've stopped the mouths of people who have dared to meddle

with you, my dear Francois," he said; "and this is the way you pay your debts? You use a contemptuous

Max had never before said as much as this about his relations with the person to whom Francois had just

applied a name under which she was known at Issoudun. The late prisoner at Cabrerathe major of the

grenadiers of the Guardknew enough of what honor was to judge rightly as to the causes of the disesteem

in which society held him. He had therefore never allowed any one, no matter who, to speak to him on the

subject of Mademoiselle Flore Brazier, the servantmistress of JeanJacques Rouget, so energetically termed

a "slut" by the respectable Madame Hochon. Everybody knew it was too ticklish a subject with Max, ever to

speak of it unless he began it; and hitherto he had never begun it. To risk his anger or irritate him was

altogether too dangerous; so that even his best friends had never joked him about the Rabouilleuse. When

they talked of his liaison with the girl before Major Potel and Captain Renard, with whom he lived on

"If he is the natural brother of JeanJacques Rouget where else would you have him live?"

"Besides, after all," added Captain Renard, "the girl is a worthless piece, and if Max does live with her

After this merited snub, Francois could not at once catch up the thread of his ideas; but he was still less able

"You needn't get angry, Max," said young Goddet; "didn't we agree to talk freely to each other at Mere

Cognette's? Shouldn't we all be mortal enemies if we remembered outside what is said, or thought, or done

here? All the town calls Flore Brazier the Rabouilleuse; and if Francois did happen to let the nickname slip

"No," said Max, "but against our personal friendship. However, I thought better of it; I recollected we were in

A deep silence followed. The pause became so embarrassing for the whole company that Max broke it by

"I'll go on for him," [sensation] "for all of you," [amazement] "and tell you what you are thinking"

[profound sensation]. "You think that Flore, the Rabouilleuse, La Brazier, the housekeeper of Pere

Rouget,for they call him so, that old bachelor, who can never have any children!you think, I say, that

that woman supplies all my wants ever since I came back to Issoudun. If I am able to throw three hundred

francs a month to the dogs, and treat you to suppers,as I do tonight,and lend money to all of you, you

think I get the gold out of Mademoiselle Flore Brazier's purse? Well, yes" [profound sensation]. "Yes, ten

thousand times yes! Yes, Mademoiselle Brazier is aiming straight for the old man's property."

"You think," continued Max, smiling at Goddet's speech, "that I intend to marry Flore when Pere Rouget

dies, and so this sister and her son, of whom I hear tonight for the first time, will endanger my future?"

"Well, don't be uneasy, friends," answered Max. "Forewarned is forearmed! Now then, I address the Knights

of Idleness. If, to get rid of these Parisians I need the help of the Order, will you lend me a hand? Oh! within

the limits we have marked out for our fooleries," he added hastily, perceiving a general hesitation. "Do you

suppose I want to kill them,poison them? Thank God I'm not an idiot. Besides, if the Bridaus succeed, and

Flore has nothing but what she stands in, I should be satisfied; do you understand that? I love her enough to

Mademoiselle Fichet was the richest heiress in Issoudun, and the hand of the daughter counted for much in

the reported passion of the younger Goddet for the mother. Frankness of speech is a pearl of such price that

"The deuce! Pere Lousteau loved Madame Rouget; isn't it better to love a housekeeper who is not yoked?"

Such were the eleven responses, acclamations, and toasts shouted forth by the Knights of Idleness, and

characteristic, we may remark, of their excessively relaxed morality. It is now easy to see what interest Max

had in becoming their grand master. By leading the young men of the best families in their follies and

amusements, and by doing them services, he meant to create a support for himself when the day for

recovering his position came. He rose gracefully and waved his glass of claret, while all the others waited

"As a mark of the illwill I bear you, I wish you all a mistress who is equal to the beautiful Flore! As to this

irruption of relations, I don't feel any present uneasiness; and as to the future, we'll see what comes"

"Oh! I'll engage to settle that business," cried Max. "Be in the marketplace early, all of you, and let me

It was striking halfpast three in the morning as the Knights slipped out in silence to go to their homes;

gliding close to the walls of the houses without making the least noise, shod as they were in list shoes. Max

slowly returned to the place SaintJean, situated in the upper part of the town, between the port SaintJean

and the port Vilatte, the quarter of the rich bourgeoisie. Maxence Gilet had concealed his fears, but the news

had struck home. His experience on the hulks at Cabrera had taught him a dissimulation as deep and thorough

as his corruption. First, and above all else, the forty thousand francs a year from landed property which old

Rouget owned was, let it be clearly understood, the constituent element of Max's passion for Flore Brazier.

By his present bearing it is easy to see how much confidence the woman had given him in the financial future

she expected to obtain through the infatuation of the old bachelor. Nevertheless, the news of the arrival of the

legitimate heirs was of a nature to shake Max's faith in Flore's influence. Rouget's savings, accumulating

during the last seventeen years, still stood in his own name; and even if the will, which Flore declared had

long been made in her favor, were revoked, these savings at least might be secured by putting them in the

"That fool of a girl never told me, in all these seven years, a word about the sister and nephews!" cried Max,

turning from the rue de la Marmouse into the rue l'Avenier. "Seven hundred and fifty thousand francs placed

with different notaries at Bourges, and Vierzon, and Chateauroux, can't be turned into money and put into the

Funds in a week, without everybody knowing it in this gossiping place! The most important thing is to get rid

of these relations; as soon as they are driven away we ought to make haste to secure the property. I must think

Max was tired. By the help of a passkey, he let himself into Pere Rouget's house, and went to bed without

It is now necessary to relate where the sultana of the place Saint Jean picked up the nickname of

"Rabouilleuse," and how she came to be the quasimistress of JeanJacques Rouget's home.

As old Doctor Rouget, the father of JeanJacques and Madame Bridau, advanced in years, he began to

perceive the nonentity of his son; he then treated him harshly, trying to break him into a routine that might

serve in place of intelligence. He thus, though unconsciously, prepared him to submit to the yoke of the first

Coming home one day from his professional round, the malignant and vicious old man came across a

bewitching little girl at the edge of some fields that lay along the avenue de Tivoli. Hearing the horse, the

child sprang up from the bottom of one of the many brooks which are to be seen from the heights of

Issoudun, threading the meadows like ribbons of silver on a green robe. Naiadlike, she rose suddenly on the

doctor's vision, showing the loveliest virgin head that painters ever dreamed of. Old Rouget, who knew the

whole countryside, did not know this miracle of beauty. The child, who was half naked, wore a forlorn little

petticoat of coarse woollen stuff, woven in alternate strips of brown and white, full of holes and very ragged.

A sheet of rough writing paper, tied on by a shred of osier, served her for a hat. Beneath this papercovered

with pothooks and round O's, from which it derived the name of "schoolpaper"the loveliest mass of

blonde hair that ever a daughter of Eve could have desired, was twisted up, and held in place by a species of

comb made to comb out the tails of horses. Her pretty tanned bosom, and her neck, scarcely covered by a

ragged fichu which was once a Madres handkerchief, showed edges of the white skin below the exposed and

sunburned parts. One end of her petticoat was drawn between the legs and fastened with a huge pin in front,

giving that garment the look of a pair of bathing drawers. The feet and the legs, which could be seen through

the clear water in which she stood, attracted the eye by a delicacy which was worthy of a sculptor of the

middle ages. The charming limbs exposed to the sun had a ruddy tone that was not without beauty of its own.

The neck and bosom were worthy of being wrapped in silks and cashmeres; and the nymph had blue eyes

fringed with long lashes, whose glance might have made a painter or a poet fall upon his knees. The doctor,

enough of an anatomist to trace the exquisite figure, recognized the loss it would be to art if the lines of such

"Where do you come from, little girl? I have never seen you before," said the old doctor, then sixtytwo

Hearing Rouget's voice, an illlooking man, standing at some distance in the deeper waters of the brook,

raised his head. "What are you about, Flore?" he said, "While you are talking instead of catching, the

"Why have you come here from Vatan?" continued the doctor, paying no heed to the interruption.

"Rabouiller" is a Berrichon word which admirably describes the thing it is intended to express; namely, the

action of troubling the water of a brook, making it boil and bubble with a branch whose endshoots spread

out like a racket. The crabs, frightened by this operation, which they do not understand, come hastily to the

surface, and in their flurry rush into the net the fisher has laid for them at a little distance. Flore Brazier held

"Hey! are not we all under a Republic that is one and indivisible?" cried the uncle from his station.

"We are under a Directory," said the doctor, "and I know of no law which allows a man to come from Vatan

and fish in the territory of Issoudun"; then he said to Flore, "Have you got a mother, little one!"

"No, monsieur; and my father is in the asylum at Bourges. He went mad from a sunstroke he got in the

"Five sous a day while the season lasts; I catch 'em as far as the Braisne. In harvest time, I glean; in winter, I

"Do you want to come with me? You shall be well fed and well dressed, and have some pretty shoes."

"No, my niece will stay with me; I am responsible to God and man for her," said Uncle Brazier who had

The doctor kept his countenance and checked a smile which might have escaped most people at the aspect of

the man. The guardian wore a peasant's hat, rotted by sun and rain, eaten like the leaves of a cabbage that has

harbored several caterpillars, and mended, here and there, with white thread. Beneath the hat was a dark and

sunken face, in which the mouth, nose, and eyes, seemed four black spots. His forlorn jacket was a bit of

"I am Doctor Rouget," said that individual; "and as you are the guardian of the child, bring her to my house,

in the place SaintJean. It will not be a bad day's work for you; nor for her, either."

Without waiting for an answer, and sure that Uncle Brazier would soon appear with his pretty "rabouilleuse,"

Doctor Rouget set spurs to his horse and returned to Issoudun. He had hardly sat down to dinner, before his

Flore and her guardian, still barefooted, looked round the doctor's diningroom with wondering eyes; never

The house, which Rouget inherited from the Descoings estate, stands in the middle of the place SaintJean, a

socalled square, very long and very narrow, planted with a few sickly lindens. The houses in this part of

town are better built than elsewhere, and that of the Descoings's was one of the finest. It stands opposite to

the house of Monsieur Hochon, and has three windows in front on the first storey, and a portecochere on the

groundfloor which gives entrance to a courtyard, beyond which lies the garden. Under the archway of the

portecochere is the door of a large hall lighted by two windows on the street. The kitchen is behind this hall,

part of the space being used for a staircase which leads to the upper floor and to the attic above that. Beyond

the kitchen is a woodshed and washhouse, a stable for two horses and a coachhouse, over which are some

little lofts for the storage of oats, hay, and straw, where, at that time, the doctor's servant slept.

The hall which the little peasant and her uncle admired with such wonder is decorated with wooden carvings

of the time of Louis XV., painted gray, and a handsome marble chimneypiece, over which Flore beheld

herself in a large mirror without any upper division and with a carved and gilded frame. On the panelled

walls of the room, from space to space, hung several pictures, the spoil of various religious houses, such as

the abbeys of Deols, Issoudun, SaintGildas, La Pree, ChezalBeniot, SaintSulpice, and the convents of

Bourges and Issoudun, which the liberality of our kings had enriched with the precious gifts of the glorious

works called forth by the Renaissance. Among the pictures obtained by the Descoings and inherited by

Rouget, was a Holy Family by Albano, a SaintJerome of Demenichino, a Head of Christ by Gian Bellini, a

Virgin of Leonardo, a Bearing of the Cross by Titian, which formerly belonged to the Marquis de Belabre

(the one who sustained a siege and had his head cut off under Louis XIII.); a Lazarus of Paul Veronese, a

Marriage of the Virgin by the priest Genois, two church paintings by Rubens, and a replica of a picture by

Perugino, done either by Perugino himself or by Raphael; and finally, two Correggios and one Andrea del

The Descoings had culled these treasures from three hundred church pictures, without knowing their value,

and selecting them only for their good preservation. Many were not only in magnificent frames, but some

were still under glass. Perhaps it was the beauty of the frames and the value of the glass that led the

Descoings to retain the pictures. The furniture of the room was not wanting in the sort of luxury we prize in

these days, though at that time it had no value in Issoudun. The clock, standing on the mantleshelf between

two superb silver candlesticks with six branches, had an ecclesiastical splendor which revealed the hand of

Boulle. The armchairs of carved oak, covered with tapestrywork due to the devoted industry of women of

high rank, would be treasured in these days, for each was surmounted with a crown and coatofarms.

Between the windows stood a rich console, brought from some castle, on whose marble slab stood an

immense China jar, in which the doctor kept his tobacco. But neither Rouget, nor his son, nor the cook, took

the slightest care of all these treasures. They spat upon a hearth of exquisite delicacy, whose gilded

mouldings were now green with verdigris. A handsome chandelier, partly of semitransparent porcelain, was

peppered, like the ceiling from which it hung, with black speckles, bearing witness to the immunity enjoyed

by the flies. The Descoings had draped the windows with brocatelle curtains torn from the bed of some

monastic prior. To the left of the entrancedoor, stood a chest or coffer, worth many thousand francs, which

"Here, Fanchette," cried Rouget to his cook, "bring two glasses; and give us some of the old wine."

Fanchette, a big Berrichon countrywoman, who was considered a better cook than even La Cognette, ran in to

receive the order with a celerity which said much for the doctor's despotism, and something also for her own

"What is an acre of vineyard worth in your parts?" asked the doctor, pouring out a glass of wine for Brazier.

"Well, then! leave your niece here as my servant; she shall have three hundred francs in wages, and, as you

"I leave that to your conscience," said the doctor. "She is an orphan; up to eighteen, she has no right to what

"Twelve to eighteenthat's six acres of vineyard!" said the uncle. "Ay, she's a pretty one, gentle as a lamb,

well made and active, and obedient as a kitten. She were the light o' my poor brother's eyes"

"Bless me! say two years, and I'll leave her with you, for she'll be better off with you than with us; my wife

beats her, she can't abide her. There's none but I to stand up for her, and the little saint of a creature is as

When he heard the last part of this speech, the doctor, struck by the word "innocent," made a sign to the uncle

and took him out into the courtyard and from thence to the garden; leaving the Rabouilleuse at the table with

Fanchette and JeanJacques, who immediately questioned her, and to whom she naively related her meeting

"There now, my little darling, goodby," said Uncle Brazier, coming back and kissing Flore on the forehead;

"you can well say I've made your happiness by leaving you with this kind and worthy father of the poor; you

must obey him as you would me. Be a good girl, and behave nicely, and do everything he tells you."

"Get the room over mine ready," said the doctor to Fanchette. "Little FloreI am sure she is worthy of the

namewill sleep there in future. Tomorrow, we'll send for a shoemaker and a dressmaker. Put another

That evening, all Issoudun could talk of nothing else than the sudden appearance of the little "rabouilleuse" in

Doctor Rouget's house. In that region of satire the nickname stuck to Mademoiselle Brazier before, during,

The doctor no doubt intended to do with Flore Brazier, in a small way, what Louis XV. did in a large one

with Mademoiselle de Romans; but he was too late about it; Louis XV. was still young, whereas the doctor

was in the flower of old age. From twelve to fourteen, the charming little Rabouilleuse lived a life of unmixed

happiness. Always well dressed, and often much better tricked out than the richest girls in Issoudun, she

sported a gold watch and jewels, given by the doctor to encourage her studies, and she had a master who

taught her to read, write, and cipher. But the almost animal life of the true peasant had instilled into Flore

such deep repugnance to the bitter cup of knowledge, that the doctor stopped her education at that point. His

intentions with regard to the child, whom he cleansed and clothed, and taught, and formed with a care which

was all the more remarkable because he was thought to be utterly devoid of tenderness, were interpreted in a

variety of ways by the cackling society of the town, whose gossip often gave rise to fatal blunders, like those

relating to the birth of Agathe and that of Max. It is not easy for the community of a country town to

disentangle the truth from the mass of conjecture and contradictory reports to which a single fact gives rise.

The provinces insistas in former days the politicians of the little Provence at the Tuileries insistedon full

explanations, and they usually end by knowing everything. But each person clings to the version of the event

which he, or she, likes best; proclaims it, argues it, and considers it the only true one. In spite of the strong

light cast upon people's lives by the constant spying of a little town, truth is thus often obscured; and to be

recognized, it needs the impartiality which historians or superior minds acquire by looking at the subject from

"What do you suppose that old gorilla wants at his age with a little girl only fifteen years old?" society was

"My dear fellow, the doctor is disgusted at the stupidity of his son, and he persists in hating his daughter

Agathe; it may be that he has been living a decent life for the last two years, intending to marry little Flore;

suppose she were to give him a fine, active, strapping boy, full of life like Max?" said one of the wise heads

"Bah! don't talk nonsense! After such a life as Rouget and Lousteau led from 1770 to 1787, is it likely that

either of them would have children at sixtyfive years of age? The old villain has read the Scriptures, if only

"They say that Brazier, when he is drunk, boasts in Vatan that he cheated him," cried one of those who

From 1800 to 1805, that is, for five years, the doctor enjoyed all the pleasures of educating Flore without the

annoyances which the ambitions and pretensions of Mademoiselle de Romans inflicted, it is said, on Louis le

BienAime. The little Rabouilleuse was so satisfied when she compared the life she led at the doctor's with

that she would have led at her uncle Brazier's, that she yielded no doubt to the exactions of her master as if

she had been an Eastern slave. With due deference to the makers of idylls and to philanthropists, the

inhabitants of the provinces have very little idea of certain virtues; and their scruples are of a kind that is

roused by selfinterest, and not by any sentiment of the right or the becoming. Raised from infancy with no

prospect before them but poverty and ceaseless labor, they are led to consider anything that saves them from

the hell of hunger and eternal toil as permissible, particularly if it is not contrary to any law. Exceptions to

this rule are rare. Virtue, socially speaking, is the companion of a comfortable life, and comes only with

Thus the Rabouilleuse was an object of envy to all the young peasant girls within a circuit of ten miles,

although her conduct, from a religious point of view, was supremely reprehensible. Flore, born in 1787, grew

up in the midst of the saturnalias of 1793 and 1798, whose lurid gleams penetrated these country regions,

then deprived of priests and faith and altars and religious ceremonies; where marriage was nothing more than

legal coupling, and revolutionary maxims left a deep impression. This was markedly the case at Issoudun, a

land where, as we have seen, revolt of all kinds is traditional. In 1802, Catholic worship was scarcely

reestablished. The Emperor found it a difficult matter to obtain priests. In 1806, many parishes all over

France were still widowed; so slowly were the clergy, decimated by the scaffold, gathered together again

In 1802, therefore, nothing was likely to reproach Flore Brazier, unless it might be her conscience; and

conscience was sure to be weaker than selfinterest in the ward of Uncle Brazier. If, as everybody chose to

suppose, the cynical doctor was compelled by his age to respect a child of fifteen, the Rabouilleuse was none

the less considered very "wide awake," a term much used in that region. Still, some persons thought she could

claim a certificate of innocence from the cessation of the doctor's cares and attentions in the last two years of

Old Rouget had killed too many people not to know when his own end was nigh; and his notary, finding him

on his deathbed, draped as it were, in the mantle of encyclopaedic philosophy, pressed him to make a

This speech paints the nature of the old man. Covering his evil doings with witty sayings, he obtained

indulgence for them, in a land where wit is always applauded,especially when addressed to obvious self

interest. In those words the notary read the concentrated hatred of a man whose calculations had been balked

by Nature herself, and who revenged himself upon the innocent object of an impotent love. This opinion was

confirmed to some extent by the obstinate resolution of the doctor to leave nothing to the Rabouilleuse,

JeanJacques Rouget did not mourn his father, though Flore Brazier did. The old doctor had made his son

extremely unhappy, especially since he came of age, which happened in 1791; but he had given the little

peasantgirl the material pleasures which are the ideal of happiness to countryfolk. When Fanchette asked

Flore, after the funeral, "Well, what is to become of you, now that monsieur is dead?" JeanJacques's eyes

lighted up, and for the first time in his life his dull face grew animated, showed feeling, and seemed to

At seventeen, Flore retained that delicacy of feature and form, that distinction of beauty which attracted the

doctor, and which women of the world know how to preserve, though it fades among the peasant girls like

the flowers of the field. Nevertheless, the tendency to embonpoint, which handsome countrywomen develop

when they no longer live a life of toil and hardship in the fields and in the sunshine, was already noticeable

about her. Her bust had developed. The plump white shoulders were modelled on rich lines that harmoniously

blended with those of the throat, already showing a few folds of flesh. But the outline of the face was still

"Flore," said JeanJacques, in a trembling voice, "you feel at home in this house?"

As the heir was about to make his declaration, he felt his tongue stiffen at the recollection of the dead man,

just put away in his grave, and a doubt seized him as to what lengths his father's benevolence might have

gone. Flore, who was quite unable even to suspect his simplicity of mind, looked at her future master and

waited for a time, expecting JeanJacques to go on with what he was saying; but she finally left him without

knowing what to think of such obstinate silence. Whatever teaching the Rabouilleuse may have received from

the doctor, it was many a long day before she finally understood the character of JeanJacques, whose history

At the death of his father, Jacques, then thirtyseven, was as timid and submissive to paternal discipline as a

child of twelve years old. That timidity ought to explain his childhood, youth, and afterlife to those who are

reluctant to admit the existence of such characters, or such facts as this history relates,though proofs of

them are, alas, common everywhere, even among princes; for Sophie Dawes was taken by the last of the

Condes under worse circumstances than the Rabouilleuse. There are two species of timidity,the timidity of

the mind, and the timidity of the nerves; a physical timidity, and a moral timidity. The one is independent of

the other. The body may fear and tremble, while the mind is calm and courageous, or vice versa. This is the

key to many moral eccentricities. When the two are united in one man, that man will be a cipher all his life;

such doublesided timidity makes him what we call "an imbecile." Often fine suppressed qualities are hidden

within that imbecile. To this double infirmity we may, perhaps, owe the lives of certain monks who lived in

ecstasy; for this unfortunate moral and physical disposition is produced quite as much by the perfection of the

The timidity of JeanJacques came from a certain torpor of his faculties, which a great teacher or a great

surgeon, like Despleins, would have roused. In him, as in the cretins, the sense of love had inherited a

strength and vigor which were lacking to his mental qualities, though he had mind enough to guide him in

ordinary affairs. The violence of passion, stripped of the ideal in which most young men expend it, only

increased his timidity. He had never brought himself to court, as the saying is, any woman in Issoudun.

Certainly no young girl or matron would make advances to a young man of mean stature, awkward and

shamefaced in attitude; whose vulgar face, with its flattened features and pallid skin, making him look old

before his time, was rendered still more hideous by a pair of large and prominent lightgreen eyes. The

presence of a woman stultified the poor fellow, who was driven by passion on the one hand as violently as the

lack of ideas, resulting from his education, held him back on the other. Paralyzed between these opposing

forces, he had not a word to say, and feared to be spoken to, so much did he dread the obligation of replying.

Desire, which usually sets free the tongue, only petrified his powers of speech. Thus it happened that

JeanJacques Rouget was solitary and sought solitude because there alone he was at his ease.

The doctor had seen, too late for remedy, the havoc wrought in his son's life by a temperament and a

character of this kind. He would have been glad to get him married; but to do that, he must deliver him over

to an influence that was certain to become tyrannical, and the doctor hesitated. Was it not practically giving

the whole management of the property into the hands of a stranger, some unknown girl? The doctor knew

how difficult it was to gain true indications of the moral character of a woman from any study of a young girl.

So, while he continued to search for a daughterinlaw whose sentiments and education offered some

guarantees for the future, he endeavored to push his son into the ways of avarice; meaning to give the poor

He trained him, in the first place, to mechanical habits of life; and instilled into him fixed ideas as to the

investment of his revenues: and he spared him the chief difficulties of the management of a fortune, by

leaving his estates all in good order, and leased for long periods. Nevertheless, a fact which was destined to

be of paramount importance in the life of the poor creature escaped the notice of the wily old doctor. Timidity

is a good deal like dissimulation, and is equally secretive. JeanJacques was passionately in love with the

Rabouilleuse. Nothing, of course, could be more natural. Flore was the only woman who lived in the

bachelor's presence, the only one he could see at his ease; and at all hours he secretly contemplated her and

watched her. To him, she was the light of his paternal home; she gave him, unknown to herself, the only

pleasures that brightened his youth. Far from being jealous of his father, he rejoiced in the education the old

man was giving to Flore: would it not make her all he wanted, a woman easy to win, and to whom, therefore,

he need pay no court? The passion, observe, which is able to reflect, gives even to ninnies, fools, and

imbeciles a species of intelligence, especially in youth. In the lowest human creature we find an animal

The next day, Flore, who had been reflecting on her master's silence, waited in expectation of some

momentous communication; but although he kept near her, and looked at her on the sly with passionate

glances, JeanJacques still found nothing to say. At last, when the dessert was on the table, he recommenced

This strange situation lasted three weeks. One night, when no sound broke the stillness of the house, Flore,

who chanced to wake up, heard the regular breathing of human lungs outside her door, and was frightened to

"He loves me," she thought; "but he will get the rheumatism if he keeps up that sort of thing."

The next day Flore looked at her master with a certain expression. This mute almost instinctive love had

touched her; she no longer thought the poor ninny so ugly, though his forehead was crowned with pimples

"You don't want to go back and live in the fields, do you?" said Jean Jacques when they were alone.

"Ah! that's it," returned Rouget, with a frightened air. "Are you an honest girl?"

"Come; are you the same as you were when your uncle brought you here barefooted?"

The heir lowered his head and did not raise it again. Flore, amazed at such an encouraging sign from a man

Three days later, at the same hour (for both seemed to regard the dessert as a field of battle), Flore spoke first,

"Your father," she said, looking full into her master's eye, "was a worthy manhe liked a jokeWhat of

that?there was nothing in it. But, poor dear man, it wasn't the will that was wanting. The truth is, he had

some spite against you, I don't know what, and he meantoh! he meant you harm. Sometimes he made me

"Well, Flore," said the heir, taking her hand, "as my father was nothing to you"

"What did you suppose he was to me?" she cried, as if offended by some unworthy suspicion

"He was my benefactor, that was all. Ah! he would have liked to make me his wife, but"

"But," said Rouget, taking the hand which Flore had snatched away from him, "if he was nothing to you you

"No, no! if you wish it, you!" exclaimed Rouget. "Yes, you shall be mistress here. All that is here shall be

yours; you shall take care of my property, it is almost yours nowfor I love you; I have always loved you

Flore made no answer. When the silence became embarrassing, Jean Jacques had recourse to a terrible

"Come," he said, with visible warmth, "wouldn't it be better than returning to the fields?"

Nevertheless, in spite of her "as you will," JeanJacques got no further. Men of his nature want certainty. The

effort that they make in avowing their love is so great, and costs them so much, that they feel unable to go on

with it. This accounts for their attachment to the first woman who accepts them. We can only guess at

circumstances by results. Ten months after the death of his father, JeanJacques changed completely; his

leaden face cleared, and his whole countenance breathed happiness. Flore exacted that he should take minute

care of his person, and her own vanity was gratified in seeing him well dressed; she always stood on the sill

of the door, and watched him starting for a walk, until she could see him no longer. The whole town noticed

"Don't you suppose the old doctor was wicked enough to provide a ruler for his son?"

"Ah, bah! do you believe that? look at my uncle BornicheHerau. You have heard of Mademoiselle Ganivet?

she was as ugly as seven capital sins, but for all that, she got three thousand francs a year out of him."

"Still, Rouget is making a mistake. His father left him a good forty thousand francs' income, and he ought to

"The doctor tried to arrange it, but she would not consent; Jean Jacques is so stupid"

Such was the sort of tattle that ran through Issoudun. If people, following the use and wont of the provinces,

began by laughing at this quasimarriage, they ended by praising Flore for devoting herself to the poor

fellow. We now see how it was that Flore Brazier obtained the management of the Rouget household,from

father to son, as young Goddet had said. It is desirable to sketch the history of that management for the

Fanchette, the cook, was the only person in Issoudun who thought it wrong that Flore Brazier should be

queen over JeanJacques Rouget and his home. She protested against the immorality of the connection, and

took a tone of injured virtue; the fact being that she was humiliated by having, at her age, a crabgirl for a

mistress,a child who had been brought barefoot into the house. Fanchette owned three hundred francs a

year in the Funds, for the doctor made her invest her savings in that way, and he had left her as much more in

an annuity; she could therefore live at her ease without the necessity of working, and she quitted the house

nine months after the funeral of her old master, April 15, 1806. That date may indicate, to a perspicacious

The Rabouilleuse, clever enough to foresee Fanchette's probable defection,there is nothing like the

exercise of power for teaching policy,was already resolved to do without a servant. For six months she had

studied, without seeming to do so, the culinary operations that made Fanchette a cordonbleu worthy of

cooking for a doctor. In the matter of choice living, doctors are on a par with bishops. The doctor had brought

Fanchette's talents to perfection. In the provinces the lack of occupation and the monotony of existence turn

all activity of mind towards the kitchen. People do not dine as luxuriously in the country as they do in Paris,

but they dine better; the dishes are meditated upon and studied. In rural regions we often find some Careme in

petticoats, some unrecognized genius able to serve a simple dish of haricotbeans worthy of the nod with

When studying for his degree in Paris, the doctor had followed a course of chemistry under Rouelle, and had

gathered some ideas which he afterwards put to use in the chemistry of cooking. His memory is famous in

Issoudun for certain improvements little known outside of Berry. It was he who discovered that an omelette is

far more delicate when the whites and the yolks are not beaten together with the violence which cooks

usually put into the operation. He considered that the whites should be beaten to a froth and the yolks gently

added by degrees; moreover a fryingpan should never be used, but a "cagnard" of porcelain or earthenware.

The "cagnard" is a species of thick dish standing on four feet, so that when it is placed on the stove the air

circulates underneath and prevents the fire from cracking it. In Touraine the "cagnard" is called a

"cauquemarre." Rabelais, I think, speaks of a "cauquemarre" for cooking cockatrice eggs, thus proving the

antiquity of the utensil. The doctor had also found a way to prevent the tartness of browned butter; but his

Flore, a born fryer and roaster, two qualities that can never be acquired by observation nor yet by labor, soon

surpassed Fanchette. In making herself a cordonbleu she was thinking of JeanJacques's comfort; though

she was, it must be owned, tolerably dainty. Incapable, like all persons without education, of doing anything

with her brains, she spent her activity upon household matters. She rubbed up the furniture till it shone, and

kept everything about the house in a state of cleanliness worthy of Holland. She managed the avalanches of

soiled linen and the floods of water that go by the name of "the wash," which was done, according to

provincial usage, three times a year. She kept a housewifely eye to the linen, and mended it carefully. Then,

desirous of learning little by little the secret of the family property, she acquired the very limited business

knowledge which Rouget possessed, and increased it by conversations with the notary of the late doctor,

Monsieur Heron. Thus instructed, she gave excellent advice to her little JeanJacques. Sure of being always

mistress, she was as eager and solicitous about the old bachelor's interests as if they had been her own. She

was not obliged to guard against the exactions of her uncle, for two months before the doctor's death Brazier

died of a fall as he was leaving a wineshop, where, since his rise in fortune, he spent most of his time. Flore

had also lost her father; thus she served her master with all the affection which an orphan, thankful to make

This period of his life was paradise to poor JeanJacques, who now acquired the gentle habits of an animal,

trained into a sort of monastic regularity. He slept late. Flore, who was up at daybreak attending to her

housekeeping, woke him so that he should find his breakfast ready as soon as he had finished dressing. After

breakfast, about eleven o'clock, JeanJacques went to walk; talked with the people he met, and came home at

three in the afternoon to read the papers,those of the department, and a journal from Paris which he

received three days after publication, well greased by the thirty hands through which it came, browned by the

snuffy noses that had pored over it, and soiled by the various tables on which it had lain. The old bachelor

thus got through the day until it was time for dinner; over that meal he spent as much time as it was possible

to give to it. Flore told him the news of the town, repeating the cackle that was current, which she had

carefully picked up. Towards eight o'clock the lights were put out. Going to bed early is a saving of fire and

candles very commonly practised in the provinces, which contributes no doubt to the emptymindedness of

Such was the life of these two persons during a period of nine years, the great events of which were a few

journeys to Bourges, Vierzon, Chateauroux, or somewhat further, if the notaries of those towns and Monsieur

Heron had no investments ready for acceptance. Rouget lent his money at five per cent on a first mortgage,

with release of the wife's rights in case the owner was married. He never lent more than a third of the value of

the property, and required notes payable to his order for an additional interest of two and a half per cent

spread over the whole duration of the loan. Such were the rules his father had told him to follow. Usury, that

clog upon the ambition of the peasantry, is the destroyer of country regions. This levy of seven and a half per

cent seemed, therefore, so reasonable to the borrowers that JeanJacques Rouget had his choice of

investments; and the notaries of the different towns, who got a fine commission for themselves from clients

for whom they obtained money on such good terms, gave due notice to the old bachelor.

During these nine years Flore obtained in the long run, insensibly and without aiming for it, an absolute

control over her master. From the first, she treated him very familiarly; then, without failing him in proper

respect, she so far surpassed him in superiority of mind and force of character that he became in fact the

servant of his servant. Elderly child that he was, he met this mastery halfway by letting Flore take such care

of him that she treated him more as a mother would a son; and he himself ended by clinging to her with the

feeling of a child dependent on a mother's protection. But there were other ties between them not less tightly

knotted. In the first place, Flore kept the house and managed all its business. JeanJacques left everything to

the crabgirl so completely that life without her would have seemed to him not only difficult, but impossible.

In every way, this woman had become the one need of his existence; she indulged all his fancies, for she

knew them well. He loved to see her bright face always smiling at him,the only face that had ever smiled

upon him, the only one to which he could look for a smile. This happiness, a purely material happiness,

expressed in the homely words which come readiest to the tongue in a Berrichon household, and visible on

the fine countenance of the young woman, was like a reflection of his own inward content. The state into

which JeanJacques was thrown when Flore's brightness was clouded over by some passing annoyance

revealed to the girl her power over him, and, to make sure of it, she sometimes liked to use it. Using such

power means, with women of her class, abusing it. The Rabouilleuse, no doubt, made her master play some

of those scenes buried in the mysteries of private life, of which Otway gives a specimen in the tragedy of

"Venice Preserved," where the scene between the senator and Aquilina is the realization of the magnificently

horrible. Flore felt so secure of her power that, unfortunately for her, and for the bachelor himself, it did not

Towards the close of 1815, Flore, who was then twentyseven, had reached the perfect development of her

beauty. Plump and fresh, and white as a Norman countrywoman, she was the ideal of what our ancestors used

to call "a buxom housewife." Her beauty, always that of a handsome barmaid, though higher in type and

better kept, gave her a likeness to Mademoiselle George in her palmy days, setting aside the latter's imperial

dignity. Flore had the dazzling white round arms, the ample modelling, the satiny textures of the skin, the

alluring though less rigidly correct outlines of the great actress. Her expression was one of sweetness and

tenderness; but her glance commanded less respect than that of the noblest Agrippina that ever trod the

French stage since the days of Racine: on the contrary, it evoked a vulgar joy. In 1816 the Rabouilleuse saw

Maxence Gilet, and fell in love with him at first sight. Her heart was cleft by the mythological

arrow,admirable description of an effect of nature which the Greeks, unable to conceive the chivalric,

ideal, and melancholy love begotten of Christianity, could represent in no other way. Flore was too handsome

Thus, at twentyeight years of age, the Rabouilleuse felt for the first time a true love, an idolatrous love, the

love which includes all ways of loving,that of Gulnare and that of Medora. As soon as the penniless officer

found out the respective situations of Flore and JeanJacques Rouget, he saw something more desirable than

an "amourette" in an intimacy with the Rabouilleuse. He asked nothing better for his future prosperity than to

take up his abode at the Rouget's, recognizing perfectly the feeble nature of the old bachelor. Flore's passion

necessarily affected the life and household affairs of her master. For a month the old man, now grown

excessively timid, saw the laughing and kindly face of his mistress change to something terrible and gloomy

and sullen. He was made to endure flashes of angry temper purposely displayed, precisely like a married man

whose wife is meditating an infidelity. When, after some cruel rebuff, he nerved himself to ask Flore the

reason of the change, her eyes were so full of hatred, and her voice so aggressive and contemptuous, that the

"Good heavens!" she cried; "you have neither heart nor soul! Here's sixteen years that I have spent my youth

in this house, and I have only just found out that you have got a stone there (striking her breast). For two

months you have seen before your eyes that brave captain, a victim of the Bourbons, who was cut out for a

general, and is down in the depths of poverty, hunted into a hole of a place where there's no way to make a

penny of money! He's forced to sit on a stool all day in the mayor's office to earnwhat? Six hundred

miserable francs,a fine thing, indeed! And here are you, with six hundred and fiftynine thousand well

invested, and sixty thousand francs' income, thanks to me, who never spend more than three thousand a

year, everything included, even my own clothes, yes, everything!and you never think of offering him a

home here, though there's the second floor empty! You'd rather the rats and mice ran riot in it than put a

human being there,and he a lad your father always allowed to be his own son! Do you want to know what

you are? I'll tell you,a fratricide! And I know why, too. You see I take an interest in him, and that provokes

you. Stupid as you seem, you have got more spite in you than the spitefullest of men. Well, yes! I do take an

"'BUT, FLORE', indeed! What's that got to do with it? You may go and find another Flore (if you can!), for I

hope this glass of wine may poison me if I don't get away from your dungeon of a house. I haven't, God be

thanked! cost you one penny during the twelve years I've been with you, and you have had the pleasure of my

company into the bargain. I could have earned my own living anywhere with the work that I've done

here,washing, ironing, looking after the linen, going to market, cooking, taking care of your interests

before everything, slaving myself to death from morning till night,and this is my reward!"

"Oh, yes, 'FLORE'! find another Flore, if you can, at your time of life, fiftyone years old, and getting

feeble,for the way your health is failing is frightful, I know that! and besides, you are none too

She went out, slamming the door with a violence that echoed through the house, and seemed to shake it to its

foundations. JeanJacques softly opened the door and went, still more softly, into the kitchen where she was

"But, Flore," said the poor sheep, "this is the first time I have heard of this wish of yours; how do you know

"In the first place," she said, "there ought to be a man in the house. Everybody knows you have ten, fifteen,

twenty thousand francs here; if they came to rob you we should both be murdered. For my part, I don't care to

wake up some fine morning chopped in quarters, as happened to that poor servantgirl who was silly enough

to defend her master. Well! if the robbers knew there was a man in the house as brave as Caesar and who

wasn't born yesterday,for Max could swallow three burglars as quick as a flash,well, then I should sleep

easy. People may tell you a lot of stuff,that I love him, that I adore him,and some say this and some say

that! Do you know what you ought to say? You ought to answer that you know it; that your father told you on

his deathbed to take care of his poor Max. That will stop people's tongues; for every stone in Issoudun can

tell you he paid Max's schoolingand so! Here's nine years that I have eaten your bread"

"and many a one in this town has paid court to me, I can tell you! Gold chains here, and watches

there,what don't they offer me? 'My little Flore,' they say, 'why won't you leave that old fool of a

Rouget,'for that's what they call you. 'I leave him!' I always answer, 'a poor innocent like that? I think I see

myself! what would become of him? No, no, where the kid is tethered, let her browse'"

"Yes, Flore; I've none but you in this world, and you make me happy. If it will give you pleasure, my dear,

"Enough for one is enough for two," she answered laughing. "I'll tell you what you can do, my lamb, if you

really mean to be kind; you must go and walk up and down near the Mayor's office at four o'clock, and

manage to meet Monsieur Gilet and invite him to dinner. If he makes excuses, tell him it will give me

pleasure; he is too polite to refuse. And after dinner, at dessert, if he tells you about his misfortunes, and the

hulks and so forthfor you can easily get him to talk about all thatthen you can make him the offer to

come and live here. If he makes any objection, never mind, I shall know how to settle it."

Walking slowly along the boulevard Baron, the old celibate reflected, as much as he had the mind to reflect,

over this incident. If he were to part from Flore (the mere thought confused him) where could he find another

woman? Should he marry? At his age he should be married for his money, and a legitimate wife would use

him far more cruelly than Flore. Besides, the thought of being deprived of her tenderness, even if it were a

mere pretence, caused him horrible anguish. He was therefore as polite to Captain Gilet as he knew how to

be. The invitation was given, as Flore had requested, before witnesses, to guard the hero's honor from all

A reconciliation took place between Flore and her master; but from that day forth JeanJacques noticed many

a trifle that betokened a total change in his mistress's affections. For two or three weeks Flore Brazier

complained to the tradespeople in the markets, and to the women with whom she gossiped, about Monsieur

Rouget's tyranny, how he had taken it into his head to invite his selfstyled natural brother to live with

him. No one, however, was taken in by this comedy; and Flore was looked upon as a wonderfully clever and

artful creature. Old Rouget really found himself very comfortable after Max became the master of his house;

for he thus gained a companion who paid him many attentions, without, however, showing any servility.

Gilet talked, discussed politics, and sometimes went to walk with Rouget. After Max was fairly installed,

Flore did not choose to do the cooking; she said it spoiled her hands. At the request of the grand master of the

Order of the Knights of Idleness, Mere Cognette produced one of her relatives, an old maid whose master, a

curate, had lately died without leaving her anything,an excellent cook, withal,who declared she would

devote herself for life or death to Max and Flore. In the name of the two powers, Mere Cognette promised her

an annuity of three hundred francs a year at the end of ten years, if she served them loyally, honestly, and

discreetly. The Vedie, as she was called, was noticeable for a face deeply pitted by the smallpox, and

After the new cook had entered upon her duties, the Rabouilleuse took the title of Madame Brazier. She wore

corsets; she had silk, or handsome woollen and cotton dresses, according to the season, expensive

neckerchiefs, embroidered caps and collars, lace ruffles at her throat, boots instead of shoes, and, altogether,

adopted a richness and elegance of apparel which renewed the youthfulness of her appearance. She was like a

rough diamond, that needed cutting and mounting by a jeweller to bring out its full value. Her desire was to

do honor to Max. At the end of the first year, in 1817, she brought a horse, styled English, from Bourges, for

the poor cavalry captain, who was weary of going afoot. Max had picked up in the purlieus of Issoudun an

old lancer of the Imperial Guard, a Pole named Kouski, now very poor, who asked nothing better than to

quarter himself in Monsieur Rouget's house as the captain's servant. Max was Kouski's idol, especially after

the duel with the three royalists. So, from 1817, the household of the old bachelor was made up of five

persons, three of whom were masters, and the expenses advanced to about eight thousand francs a year.

At the time when Madame Bridau returned to Issoudun to saveas Maitre Desroches expressed itan

inheritance that was seriously threatened, JeanJacques Rouget had reached by degrees a condition that was

semi vegetative. In the first place, after Max's instalment, Flore put the table on an episcopal footing.

Rouget, thrown in the way of good living, ate more and still more, enticed by the Vedie's excellent dishes. He

grew no fatter, however, in spite of this abundant and luxurious nourishment. From day to day he weakened

like a wornout man,fatigued, perhaps, with the effort of digestion,and his eyes had dark circles around

them. Still, when his friends and neighbors met him in his walks and questioned him about his health, he

always answered that he was never better in his life. As he had always been thought extremely deficient in

mind, people did not notice the constant lowering of his faculties. His love for Flore was the one thing that

kept him alive; in fact, he existed only for her, and his weakness in her presence was unbounded; he obeyed

the creature's mere look, and watched her movements as a dog watches every gesture of his master. In short,

as Madame Hochon remarked, at fiftyseven years of age he seemed older than Monsieur Hochon, an

Every one will suppose, and with reason, that Max's appartement was worthy of so charming a fellow. In fact,

in the course of six years our captain had by degrees perfected the comfort of his abode and adorned every

detail of it, as much for his own pleasure as for Flore's. But it was, after all, only the comfort and luxury of

Issoudun,colored tiles, rather elegant wallpapers, mahogany furniture, mirrors in gilt frames, muslin

curtains with red borders, a bed with a canopy, and draperies arranged as the provincial upholsterers arrange

them for a rich bride; which in the eyes of Issoudun seemed the height of luxury, but are so common in

vulgar fashionplates that even the petty shopkeepers in Paris have discarded them at their weddings. One

very unusual thing appeared, which caused much talk in Issoudun, namely, a rushmatting on the stairs, no

doubt to muffle the sound of feet. In fact, though Max was in the habit of coming in at daybreak, he never

woke any one, and Rouget was far from suspecting that his guest was an accomplice in the nocturnal

About eight o'clock the next morning, Flore, wearing a dressinggown of some pretty cotton stuff with

narrow pink stripes, a lace cap on her head, and her feet in furred slippers, softly opened the door of Max's

"He came in so late!" she said to herself. "It was halfpast three. He must have a good constitution to stand

such amusements. Isn't he strong, the dear love! I wonder what they did last night."

"Oh, there you are, my little Flore!" said Max, waking like a soldier trained by the necessities of war to have

his wits and his self possession about him the instant that he waked, however suddenly it might happen.

"Ah, bah! It concerns you and me and that old fool. You never told me he had a family! Well, his family are

"Mademoiselle Brazier," said Max gravely, "things are too serious for giddiness. Send me my coffee; I'll take

it in bed, where I'll think over what we had better do. Come back at nine o'clock, and we'll talk about it.

Frightened at the news, Flore left Max and went to make his coffee; but a quarter of an hour later, Baruch

In five minutes Max was dressed and in the street, and though he sauntered along with apparent indifference,

he soon reached the foot of the tower embankment, where he found quite a collection of people.

"What is it?" asked Max, making his way through the crowd and reaching the Spaniard.

Fario was a withered little man, as ugly as though he were a blue blooded grandee. His fiery eyes, placed

very close to his nose and piercing as a gimlet, would have won him the name of a sorcerer in Naples. He

seemed gentle because he was calm, quiet, and slow in his movements; and for this reason people commonly

called him "goodman Fario." But his skinthe color of gingerbreadand his softness of manner only hid

from stupid eyes, and disclosed to observing ones, the halfMoorish nature of a peasant of Granada, which

"Are you sure," Max said to him, after listening to his grievance, "that you brought your cart to this place?

"Here's the horse," said Fario, pointing to the animal, which stood harnessed thirty feet away.

Max went gravely up to the place where the horse stood, because from there the bottom of the tower at the

top of the embankment could be seen,the crowd being at the foot of the mound. Everybody followed Max,

Shouts of laughter resounded on all sides. Fario swore. Oaths, with a Spaniard, denote the highest pitch of

"Light!" cried Fario. "If those who laugh at me had it on their feet, their corns would never hurt them again."

"Well, it must be devilishly light," answered Max, "for look there!" pointing to the foot of the tower; "it has

At these words all eyes were lifted to the spot, and for a moment there was a perfect uproar in the

marketplace. Each man pointed at the barrow bewitched, and all their tongues wagged.

"The devil makes common cause with the innkeepers," said Goddet to the astonished Spaniard. "He means

to teach you not to leave your cart about in the streets, but to put it in the tavern stables."

"Come, my good fellow," said Max, "don't lose heart. We'll go up to the tower and see how your barrow got

"As for you," he whispered to Francois, "get the people to stand back, and make sure there is nobody at the

Fario, Max, Baruch, and three other knights climbed to the foot of the tower. During the rather perilous

ascent Max and Fario noticed that no damage to the embankment, nor even trace of the passage of the

barrow, could be seen. Fario began to imagine witchcraft, and lost his head. When they reached the top and

examined into the matter, it really seemed a thing impossible that the cart had got there.

"How shall I ever get it down?" said the Spaniard, whose little eyes began for the first time to show fear;

while his swarthy yellow face, which seemed as it if could never change color, whitened.

And taking advantage of the Spaniard's stupefaction, he raised the barrow by the shafts with his robust arms

and prepared to fling it down, calling in thundering tones as it left his grasp, "Look out there, below!"

No accident happened, for the crowd, persuaded by Francois and eaten up with curiosity, had retired to a

distance from which they could see more clearly what went on at the top of the embankment. The cart was

"Ah, brigands! ah, scoundrels!" cried Fario; "perhaps it was you who brought it up here!"

"I wanted to do you a service," said Max coolly, "and in handling the damned thing I came very near flinging

myself after it; and this is how you thank me, is it? What country do you come from?"

"I come from a country where they never forgive," replied Fario, trembling with rage. "My cart will be the

cab in which you shall drive to the devil!unless," he said, suddenly becoming as meek as a lamb, "you will

When they reached the bottom and met the first hilarious group, Max took Fario by the button of his jacket

"Yes, my good Fario, I'll give you a magnificent cart, if you will give me two hundred and fifty francs; but I

"Damn it!" he said, "give me the wherewithal to replace my barrow, and it will be the best use you ever made

Max turned livid; he raised his formidable fist to strike Fario; but Baruch, who knew that the blow would

descend on others besides the Spaniard, plucked the latter away like a feather and whispered to Max,

"If I, by accident, broke your barrow, and you in return try to slander me, we are quits."

"Ah, Max, you've found your match!" said a spectator of the scene, who did not belong to the Order of

"Adieu, Monsieur Gilet. I haven't thanked you yet for lending me a hand," cried the Spaniard, as he kicked

"We will keep the tires of the wheels for you," shouted a wheelwright, who had come to inspect the damage

One of the shafts was sticking upright in the ground, as straight as a tree. Max stood by, pale and thoughtful,

and deeply annoyed by Fario's speech. For five days after this, nothing was talked of in Issoudun but the tale

of the Spaniard's barrow; it was even fated to travel abroad, as Goddet remarked,for it went the round of

Berry, where the speeches of Fario and Max were repeated, and at the end of a week the affair, greatly to the

Spaniard's satisfaction, was still the talk of the three departments and the subject of endless gossip. In

consequence of the vindictive Spaniard's terrible speech, Max and the Rabouilleuse became the object of

certain comments which were merely whispered in Issoudun, though they were spoken aloud in Bourges,

Vatan, Vierzon, and Chateauroux. Maxence Gilet knew enough of that region of the country to guess how

"Listen, my boy," said Max in a low voice. "I have been thinking deeply of this matter. Neither Flore nor I

ought to seem opposed to the Bridaus. If these heirs are to be got rid of, it is for you Hochons to drive them

out of Issoudun. Find out what sort of people they are. Tomorrow at Mere Cognette's, after I've taken their

measure, we can decide what is to be done, and how we can set your grandfather against them."

"The Spaniard found the flaw in Max's armor," said Baruch to his cousin Francois, as they turned into

While Max was thus employed, Flore, in spite of her friend's advice, was unable to restrain her wrath; and

without knowing whether she would help or hinder Max's plans, she burst forth upon the poor bachelor.

When JeanJacques incurred the anger of his mistress, the little attentions and vulgar fondlings which were

all his joy were suddenly suppressed. Flore sent her master, as the children say, into disgrace. No more tender

glances, no more of the caressing little words in various tones with which she decked her

conversation,"my kitten," "my old darling," "my bibi," "my rat," etc. A "you," cold and sharp and

ironically respectful, cut like the blade of a knife through the heart of the miserable old bachelor. The "you"

was a declaration of war. Instead of helping the poor man with his toilet, handing him what he wanted,

forestalling his wishes, looking at him with the sort of admiration which all women know how to express, and

which, in some cases, the coarser it is the better it pleases,saying, for instance, "You look as fresh as a

rose!" or, "What health you have!" "How handsome you are, my old Jean!"in short, instead of entertaining

him with the lively chatter and broad jokes in which he delighted, Flore left him to dress alone. If he called

her, she answered from the foot of the staircase, "I can't do everything at once; how can I look after your

breakfast and wait upon you up there? Are not you big enough to dress your own self?"

"Oh, dear! what have I done to displease her?" the old man asked himself that morning, as he got one of these

"Vedie!" exclaimed the poor man, stupefied with fear of the anger that was crushing him. "Vedie, what is the

Flore Brazier required her master and Vedie and Kouski and Max to call her Madame.

"She seems to have heard something about you which isn't to your credit," answered Vedie, assuming an air

of deep concern. "You are doing wrong, monsieur. I'm only a poor servantwoman, and you may say I have

no right to poke my nose into your affairs; but I do say you may search through all the women in the world,

like that king in holy Scripture, and you won't find the equal of Madame. You ought to kiss the ground she

steps on. Goodness! if you make her unhappy, you'll only spoil your own life. There she is, poor thing, with

Vedie left the poor man utterly cast down; he dropped into an armchair and gazed into vacancy like the

melancholy imbecile that he was, and forgot to shave. These alternations of tenderness and severity worked

upon this feeble creature whose only life was through his amorous fibre, the same morbid effect which great

changes from tropical heat to arctic cold produce upon the human body. It was a moral pleurisy, which wore

him out like a physical disease. Flore alone could thus affect him; for to her, and to her alone, he was as good

Her sudden presence made the old man start violently; and from being pale and cast down he grew red for an

"Your breakfast is waiting," she added. "You can come down as you are, in dressinggown and slippers; for

Without waiting for an answer, she disappeared. To make him breakfast alone was the punishment he

dreaded most; he loved to talk to her as he ate his meals. When he got to the foot of the staircase he was taken

"Cough away!" said Flore in the kitchen, without caring whether he heard her or not. "Confound the old

wretch! he is able enough to get over it without bothering others. If he coughs up his soul, it will only be

Such were the amenities the Rabouilleuse addressed to Rouget when she was angry. The poor man sat down

in deep distress at a corner of the table in the middle of the room, and looked at his old furniture and the old

"You might at least have put on a cravat," said Flore. "Do you think it is pleasant for people to see such a

"But what have I done?" he asked, lifting his big lightgreen eyes, full of tears, to his tormentor, and trying to

"What have you done?" she exclaimed. "As if you didn't know? Oh, what a hypocrite! Your sister

Agathewho is as much your sister as I am sister of the tower of Issoudun, if one's to believe your father,

and who has no claim at all upon youis coming here from Paris with her son, a miserable twopenny

"Oh, yes! play the surprised, do; try to make me believe you didn't send for them! sewing your lies with white

bread, indeed! Don't fash yourself; we won't trouble your Parisiansbefore they set their feet in this house,

we shall have shaken the dust of it off ours. Max and I will be gone, never to return. As for your will, I'll tear

it in quarters under your nose, and to your very bearddo you hear? Leave your property to your family, if

you don't think we are your family; and then see if you'll be loved for yourself by a lot of people who have

not seen you for thirty years,who in fact have never seen you! Is it that sort of sister who can take my

"If that's all, my little Flore," said the old man, "I won't receive my sister, or my nephews. I swear to you this

is the first word I have heard of their coming. It is all got up by that Madame Hochona sanctimonious

Max, who had overheard old Rouget's words, entered suddenly, and said in a masterful tone,

"My good Max," said the old man, glad to get the protection of the soldier who, by agreement with Flore,

always took his side in a dispute, "I swear by all that is most sacred, that I now hear this news for the first

time. I have never written to my sister; my father made me promise not to leave her any of my property; to

leave it to the Church sooner than to her. Well, I won't receive my sister Agathe to this house, or her sons"

"Your father was wrong, my dear JeanJacques, and Madame Brazier is still more wrong," answered Max.

"Your father no doubt had his reasons, but he is dead, and his hatred should die with him. Your sister is your

sister, and your nephews are your nephews. You owe it to yourself to welcome them, and you owe it to us as

well. What would people say in Issoudun? Thunder! I've got enough upon my shoulders as it is, without

hearing people say that we shut you up and don't allow you a will of your own, or that we influence you

against your relations and are trying to get hold of your property. The devil take me if I don't pull up stakes

and be off, if that sort of calumny is to be flung at me! the other is bad enough! Let's eat our breakfast."

Flore, who was now as mild as a weasel, helped Vedie to set the table. Old Rouget, full of admiration for

Max, took him by both hands and led him into the recess of a window, saying in a low voice:

"Ah! Max, if I had a son, I couldn't love him better than I love you. Flore is right: you two are my real family.

"You ought to receive and entertain your sister and her son, but not change the arrangements you have made

about your property," said Max. "In that way you will do what is right in the eyes of the world, and yet keep

"Well! my dear loves!" cried Flore, gayly, "the salmi is getting cold. Come, my old rat, here's a wing for

At the words, the longdrawn face of the poor creature lost its cadaverous tints, the smile of a Theriaki

flickered on his pendent lips; but he was seized with another fit of coughing; for the joy of being taken back

to favor excited as violent an emotion as the punishment itself. Flore rose, pulled a little cashmere shawl from

her own shoulders, and tied it round the old man's throat, exclaiming: "How silly to put yourself in such a

way about nothing. There, you old goose, that will do you good; it has been next my heart"

"What a good creature!" said Rouget to Max, while Flore went to fetch a black velvet cap to cover the nearly

"As good as she is beautiful"; answered Max, "but she is quick tempered, like all people who carry their

The baldness of this sketch may displease some, who will think the flashes of Flore's character belong to the

sort of realism which a painter ought to leave in shadow. Well! this scene, played again and again with

shocking variations, is, in its coarse way and its horrible veracity, the type of such scenes played by women

on whatever rung of the social ladder they are perched, when any interest, no matter what, draws them from

their own line of obedience and induces them to grasp at power. In their eyes, as in those of politicians, all

means to an end are justifiable. Between Flore Brazier and a duchess, between a duchess and the richest

bourgeoise, between a bourgeoise and the most luxuriously kept mistress, there are no differences except

those of the education they have received, and the surroundings in which they live. The pouting of a fine lady

is the same thing as the violence of a Rabouilleuse. At all levels, bitter sayings, ironical jests, cold contempt,

hypocritical complaints, false quarrels, win as much success as the low outbursts of this Madame Everard of

Max began to relate, with much humor, the tale of Fario and his barrow, which made the old man laugh.

Vedie and Kouski, who came to listen, exploded in the kitchen, and as to Flore, she laughed convulsively.

After breakfast, while JeanJacques read the newspapers (for they subscribed to the "Constitutionel" and the

"Are you quite sure he has not made any other will since the one in which he left the property to you?"

"He might have dictated it to some notary," said Max; "we must look out for that. Therefore it is well to be

cordial to the Bridaus, and at the same time endeavor to turn those mortgages into money. The notaries will

be only too glad to make the transfers; it is grist to their mill. The Funds are going up; we shall conquer

Spain, and deliver Ferdinand VII. and the Cortez, and then they will be above par. You and I could make a

good thing out of it by putting the old fellow's seven hundred and fifty thousand francs into the Funds at

eightynine. Only you must try to get it done in your name; it will be so much secured anyhow."

"And as there will be an income of fifty thousand francs from eight hundred and ninety thousand, we must

make him borrow one hundred and forty thousand francs for two years, to be paid back in two instalments. In

two years, we shall get one hundred thousand francs IN Paris, and ninety thousand here, and risk nothing."

"If it were not for you, my handsome Max, what would become of me now?" she said.

"Oh! tomorrow night at Mere Cognette's, after I have seen the Parisians, I shall find a way to make the

The place SaintJean is at the centre of a long street called at the upper end the rue Grand Narette, and at the

lower the rue Petite Narette. The word "Narette" is used in Berry to express the same lay of the land as the

Genoese word "salita" indicates,that is to say, a steep street. The Grand Narette rises rapidly from the place

Saint Jean to the port Vilatte. The house of old Monsieur Hochon is exactly opposite that of JeanJacques

Rouget. From the windows of the room where Madame Hochon usually sat, it was easy to see what went on

at the Rouget household, and vice versa, when the curtains were drawn back or the doors were left open. The

Hochon house was like the Rouget house, and the two were doubtless built by the same architect. Monsieur

Hochon, formerly taxcollector at Selles in Berry, born, however, at Issoudun, had returned to his native

place and married the sister of the subdelegate, the gay Lousteau, exchanging his office at Selles for another

of the same kind at Issoudun. Having retired before 1787, he escaped the dangers of the Revolution, to whose

principles, however, he firmly adhered, like all other "honest men" who howl with the winners. Monsieur

Hochon came honestly by the reputation of miser. but it would be mere repetition to sketch him here. A

single specimen of the avarice which made him famous will suffice to make you see Monsieur Hochon as he

At the wedding of his daughter, now dead, who married a Borniche, it was necessary to give a dinner to the

Borniche family. The bridegroom, who was heir to a large fortune, had suffered great mortification from

having mismanaged his property, and still more because his father and mother refused to help him out. The

old people, who were living at the time of the marriage, were delighted to see Monsieur Hochon step in as

guardian,for the purpose, of course, of making his daughter's dowry secure. On the day of the dinner,

which was given to celebrate the signing of the marriage contract, the chief relations of the two families were

assembled in the salon, the Hochons on one side, the Borniches on the other,all in their best clothes. While

the contract was being solemnly read aloud by young Heron, the notary, the cook came into the room and

asked Monsieur Hochon for some twine to truss up the turkey,an essential feature of the repast. The old

man dove into the pocket of his surtout, pulled out an end of string which had evidently already served to tie

up a parcel, and gave it to her; but before she could leave the room he called out, "Gritte, mind you give it

From year to year old Hochon grew more petty in his meanness, and more penurious; and at this time he was

eightyfive years old. He belonged to the class of men who stop short in the street, in the middle of a lively

dialogue, and stoop to pick up a pin, remarking, as they stick it in the sleeve of their coat, "There's the wife's

stipend." He complained bitterly of the poor quality of the cloth manufactured now adays, and called

attention to the fact that his coat had lasted only ten years. Tall, gaunt, thin, and sallow; saying little, reading

little, and doing nothing to fatigue himself; as observant of forms as an oriental,he enforced in his own

house a discipline of strict abstemiousness, weighing and measuring out the food and drink of the family,

which, indeed, was rather numerous, and consisted of his wife, nee Lousteau, his grandson Borniche with a

sister Adolphine, the heirs of old Borniche, and lastly, his other grandson, Francois Hochon.

Hochon's eldest son was taken by the draft of 1813, which drew in the sons of welltodo families who had

escaped the regular conscription, and were now formed into a corps styled the "guards of honor." This

heirpresumptive, who was killed at Hanau, had married early in life a rich woman, intending thereby to

escape all conscriptions; but after he was enrolled, he wasted his substance, under a presentiment of his end.

His wife, who followed the army at a distance, died at Strasburg in 1814, leaving debts which her

fatherinlaw Hochon refused to pay, answering the creditors with an axiom of ancient law, "Women are

The house, though large, was scantily furnished; on the second floor, however, there were two rooms suitable

for Madame Bridau and Joseph. Old Hochon now repented that he had kept them furnished with two beds,

each bed accompanied by an old armchair of natural wood covered with needlework, and a walnut table, on

which figured a waterpitcher of the widemouthed kind called "gueulard," standing in a basin with a blue

border. The old man kept his winter store of apples and pears, medlars and quinces on heaps of straw in these

rooms, where the rats and mice ran riot, so that they exhaled a mingled odor of fruit and vermin. Madame

Hochon now directed that everything should be cleaned; the wallpaper, which had peeled off in places, was

fastened up again with wafers; and she decorated the windows with little curtains which she pieced together

from old hoards of her own. Her husband having refused to let her buy a strip of drugget, she laid down her

own bedside carpet for her little Agathe,"Poor little thing!" as she called the mother, who was now over

fortyseven years old. Madame Hochon borrowed two nighttables from a neighbor, and boldly hired two

chests of drawers with brass handles from a dealer in secondhand furniture who lived next to Mere

Cognette. She herself had preserved two pairs of candlesticks, carved in choice woods by her own father,

who had the "turning" mania. From 1770 to 1780 it was the fashion among rich people to learn a trade, and

Monsieur Lousteau, the father, was a turner, just as Louis XVI. was a locksmith. These candlesticks were

ornamented with circlets made of the roots of rose, peach, and apricot trees. Madame Hochon actually risked

the use of her precious relics! These preparations and this sacrifice increased old Hochon's anxiety; up to this

The morning of the day that was celebrated by the trick on Fario, Madame Hochon said to her husband after

"I hope, Hochon, that you will receive my goddaughter, Madame Bridau, properly." Then, after making sure

that her grandchildren were out of hearing, she added: "I am mistress of my own property; don't oblige me to

"Do you think, madame," answered Hochon, in a mild voice, "that, at my age, I don't know the forms of

"You know very well what I mean, you crafty old thing! Be friendly to our guests, and remember that I love

"And you love Maxence Gilet also, who is getting the property away from your dear Agathe! Ah! you've

warmed a viper in your bosom there; but after all, the Rouget money is bound to go to a Lousteau."

After making this allusion to the supposed parentage and both Max and Agathe, Hochon turned to leave the

room; but old Madame Hochon, a woman still erect and spare, wearing a round cap with ribbon knots and her

hair powdered, a taffet petticoat of changeable colors like a pigeon's breast, tight sleeves, and her feet in

"Really, Monsieur Hochon, how can a man of your sense repeat absurdities which, unhappily, cost my poor

friend her peace of mind, and Agathe the property which she ought to have had from her father. Max Gilet is

not the son of my brother, whom I often advised to save the money he paid for him. You know as well as I do

"And the daughter takes after her; for she strikes me as uncommonly stupid. After losing all her fortune, she

brings her sons up so well that here is one in prison and likely to be brought up on a criminal indictment

before the Court of Peers for a conspiracy worthy of Berton. As for the other, he is worse off; he's a painter.

If your proteges are to stay here till they have extricated that fool of a Rouget from the claws of Gilet and the

Rabouilleuse, we shall eat a good deal more than half a measure of salt with them."

"That's enough, Monsieur Hochon; you had better wish they may not have two strings to their bow."

Monsieur Hochon took his hat, and his cane with an ivory knob, and went away petrified by that terrible

speech; for he had no idea that his wife could show such resolution. Madame Hochon took her prayer book

to read the service, for her advanced age prevented her from going daily to church; it was only with difficulty

that she got there on Sundays and holidays. Since receiving her goddaughter's letter she had added a petition

to her usual prayers, supplicating God to open the eyes of JeanJacques Rouget, and to bless Agathe and

prosper the expedition into which she herself had drawn her. Concealing the fact from her grandchildren,

whom she accused of being "parpaillots," she had asked the curate to say a mass for Agathe's success during

a neuvaine which was being held by her granddaughter, Adolphine Borniche, who thus made her prayers in

Adolphine, then eighteen,who for the last seven years had sewed at the side of her grandmother in that

cold household of monotonous and methodical customs,had undertaken her neuvaine all the more

willingly because she hoped to inspire some feeling in Joseph Bridau, in whom she took the deepest interest

because of the monstrosities which her grandfather attributed in her hearing to the young Parisian.

All the old people and sensible people of the town, and the fathers of families approved of Madame Hochon's

conduct in receiving her goddaughter; and their good wishes for the latter's success were in proportion to the

secret contempt with which the conduct of Maxence Gilet had long inspired them. Thus the news of the

arrival of Rouget's sister and nephew raised two parties in Issoudun,that of the higher and older

bourgeoisie, who contented themselves with offering good wishes and in watching events without assisting

them, and that of the Knights of Idleness and the partisans of Max, who, unfortunately, were capable of

Agathe and Joseph arrived at the coachoffice of the Messageries Royales in the place Misere at three

o'clock. Though tired with the journey, Madame Bridau felt her youth revive at sight of her native land,

where at every step she came upon memories and impressions of her girlish days. In the then condition of

public opinion in Issoudun, the arrival of the Parisians was known all over the town in ten minutes. Madame

Hochon came out upon her doorstep to welcome her godchild, and kissed her as though she were really a

daughter. After seventytwo years of a barren and monotonous existence, exhibiting in their retrospect the

graves of her three children, all unhappy in their lives, and all dead, she had come to feel a sort of fictitious

motherhood for the young girl whom she had, as she expressed it, carried in her pouch for sixteen years.

Through the gloom of provincial life the old woman had cherished this early friendship, this girlish memory,

as closely as if Agathe had remained near her, and she had also taken the deepest interest in Bridau. Agathe

was led in triumph to the salon where Monsieur Hochon was stationed, chilling as a tepid oven.

"Ah! it is easy to see you come from Paris; you are so complimentary," remarked the old man.

The presentations took place: first, young Baruch Borniche, a tall youth of twentytwo; then Francois

Hochon, twentyfour; and lastly little Adolphine, who blushed and did not know what to do with her arms;

she was anxious not to seem to be looking at Joseph Bridau, who in his turn was narrowly observed, though

from different points of view, by the two young men and by old Hochon. The miser was saying to himself,

"He is just out of the hospital; he will be as hungry as a convalescent." The young men were saying, "What a

"This is my son, the painter; my good Joseph," said Agathe at last, presenting the artist.

There was an effort in the accent that she put upon the word "good," which revealed the mother's heart,

"No, madame," said Joseph, with the brusque candor of an artist; "I am like my father, and very ugly at that."

Madame Hochon pressed Agathe's hand which she was holding, and glanced at her as much as to say, "Ah!

"I never saw your father, my dear boy," she said aloud; "it is enough to make me love you that you are your

mother's son. Besides, you have talent, so the late Madame Descoings used to write to me; she was the only

"Talent!" exclaimed the artist, "not as yet; but with time and patience I may win fame and fortune."

"Mother," said Joseph, "I will attend to the trunks which they are bringing in."

"Hochon," said the grandmother to Francois, "show the rooms to Monsieur Bridau."

As the dinner was to be served at four o'clock and it was now only half past three, Baruch rushed into the

town to tell the news of the Bridau arrival, describe Agathe's dress, and more particularly to picture Joseph,

whose haggard, unhealthy, and determined face was not unlike the ideal of a brigand. That evening Joseph

"That sister of Rouget must have seen a monkey before her son was born," said one; "he is the image of a

"I have just seen Monsieur Beaussier, and he says he would not like to meet him in a dark wood; he saw him

"The fellow looks as though he were capable of anything; perhaps it's his fault that his brother, a fine

handsome man they tell me, has gone to the bad. Poor Madame Bridau doesn't seem as if she were very

The result of all these observations, scattered through the town was, naturally, to excite curiosity. All those

who had the right to visit the Hochons resolved to call that very night and examine the Parisians. The arrival

of these two persons in the stagnant town was like the falling of a beam into a community of frogs.

After stowing his mother's things and his own into the two attic chambers, which he examined as he did so,

Joseph took note of the silent house, where the walls, the staircase, the woodwork, were devoid of

decoration and humid with frost, and where there was literally nothing beyond the merest necessaries. He felt

the brusque transition from his poetic Paris to the dumb and arid province; and when, coming downstairs, he

chanced to see Monsieur Hochon cutting slices of bread for each person, he understood, for the first time in

The aspect of the dinner confirmed his apprehensions. After a soup whose watery clearness showed that

quantity was more considered than quality, the bouilli was served, ceremoniously garnished with parsley; the

vegetables, in a dish by themselves, being counted into the items of the repast. The bouilli held the place of

honor in the middle of the table, accompanied with three other dishes: hardboiled eggs on sorrel opposite to

the vegetables; then a salad dressed with nutoil to face little cups of custard, whose flavoring of burnt oats

did service as vanilla, which it resembles much as coffee made of chiccory resembles mocha. Butter and

radishes, in two plates, were at each end of the table; pickled gherkins and horseradish completed the

spread, which won Madam Hochon's approbation. The good old woman gave a contented little nod when she

saw that her husband had done things properly, for the first day at least. The old man answered with a glance

As soon as Monsieur Hochon had, as it were, slivered the bouilli into slices, about as thick as the sole of a

dancingshoe, that dish was replaced by another, containing three pigeons. The wine was of the country,

vintage 1811. On a hint from her grandmother, Adolphine had decorated each end of the table with a bunch

"At Rome as the Romans do," thought the artist, looking at the table, and beginning to eat,like a man who

had breakfasted at Vierzon, at six o'clock in the morning, on an execrable cup of coffee. When Joseph had

eaten up all his bread and asked for more, Monsieur Hochon rose, slowly searched in the pocket of his surtout

for a key, unlocked a cupboard behind him, broke off a section of a twelvepound loaf, carefully cut a round

of it, then divided the round in two, laid the pieces on a plate, and passed the plate across the table to the

young painter, with the silence and coolness of an old soldier who says to himself on the eve of battle, "Well,

I can meet death." Joseph took the halfslice, and fully understood that he was not to ask for any more. No

member of the family was the least surprised at this extraordinary performance. The conversation went on.

Agathe learned that the house in which she was born, her father's house before he inherited that of the old

Descoings, had been bought by the Borniches; she expressed a wish to see it once more.

"No doubt," said her godmother, "the Borniches will be here this evening; we shall have half the townwho

want to examine you," she added, turning to Joseph, "and they will all invite you to their houses."

Gritte, who in spite of her sixty years, was the only servant of the house, brought in for dessert the famous

ripe cheese of Touraine and Berry, made of goat's milk, whose mouldy discolorations so distinctly reproduce

the pattern of the vineleaves on which it is served, that Touraine ought to have invented the art of engraving.

On either side of these little cheeses Gritte, with a company air, placed nuts and some timehonored biscuits.

Joseph went off into roars of laughter, as though he were among his comrades in the atelier; for he suddenly

perceived that the parsimony of eating only the fruits which were beginning to rot had degenerated into a

"Bah! we can eat them all the same," he exclaimed, with the heedless gayety of a man who will have his say.

Monsieur Hochon, much incensed at the artist's speech, fetched some peaches, pears, and Saint Catherine

"Adolphine, go and gather some grapes," said Madame Hochon to her granddaughter.

Joseph looked at the two young men as much as to say: "Is it to such high living as this that you owe your

Baruch understood the keen glance and smiled; for he and his cousin Hochon were behaving with much

discretion. The homelife was of less importance to youths who supped three times the week at Mere

Cognette's. Moreover, just before dinner, Baruch had received notice that the grand master convoked the

whole Order at midnight for a magnificent supper, in the course of which a great enterprise would be

arranged. The feast of welcome given by old Hochon to his guests explains how necessary were the nocturnal

repasts at the Cognette's to two young fellows blessed with good appetites, who, we may add, never missed

"We will take the liqueur in the salon," said Madame Hochon, rising and motioning to Joseph to give her his

"Eh! my poor boy; this dinner won't give you an indigestion; but I had hard work to get it for you. It is always

Lent here; you will get enough just to keep life in you, and no more. So you must bear it patiently."

The kindheartedness of the old woman, who thus drew her own predicament, pleased the artist.

"I have lived fifty years with that man, without ever hearing halfa dozen gold pieces chink in my purse,"

she went on. "Oh! if I did not hope that you might save your property, I would never have brought you and

"But how can you survive it?" cried Joseph naively, with the gayety which a French artist never loses.

Joseph quivered as he heard the words, which raised the old woman so much in his estimation that he stepped

back a little way to look into her face; it was radiant with so tender a serenity that he said to her,

"No, no," she answered, "I am too weary of life to wish to remain here on canvas."

Gayly uttering the sad words, she opened a closet, and brought out a flask containing ratafia, a domestic

manufacture of her own, the receipt for which she obtained from the farfamed nuns to whom is also due the

celebrated cake of Issoudun,one of the great creations of French confectionery; which no chef, cook,

pastrycook, or confectioner has ever been able to reproduce. Monsieur de Riviere, ambassador at

Adolphine held a lacquer tray on which were a number of little old glasses with engraved sides and gilt

"It seems as though my father's turn were coming round!" exclaimed Agathe, to whom this immutable

"Hochon will go to his club presently to read the papers, and we shall have a little time to ourselves," said the

In fact, ten minutes later, the three women and Joseph were alone in the salon, where the floor was never

waxed, only swept, and the worstedwork designs in oaken frames with grooved mouldings, and all the other

plain and rather dismal furniture seemed to Madame Bridau to be in exactly the same state as when she had

left Issoudun. Monarchy, Revolution, Empire, and Restoration, which respected little, had certainly respected

this room where their glories and their disasters had left not the slightest trace.

"Ah! my godmother, in comparison with your life, mine has been cruelly tried," exclaimed Madame Bridau,

surprised to find even a canary which she had known when alive, stuffed, and standing on the mantleshelf

"My child," said the old lady, "trials are in the heart. The greater and more necessary the resignation, the

harder the struggle with our own selves. But don't speak of me, let us talk of your affairs. You are directly in

The young girl, destined for a cloister, was constantly looking out of the window, in hopes of getting some

light upon the enormities imputed to Maxence Gilet, the Rabouilleuse, and JeanJacques, of which a few

words reached her ears whenever she was sent out of the room that others might talk about them. The old

lady now told her granddaughter to leave her alone with Madame Bridau and Joseph until the arrival of

"For," she said, turning to the Parisians, "I know my Issoudun by heart; we shall have ten or twelve batches

In fact Madame Hochon had hardly related the events and the details concerning the astounding influence

obtained by Maxence Gilet and the Rabouilleuse over JeanJacques Rouget (without, of course, following

the synthetical method with which they have been presented here), adding the many comments, descriptions,

and hypotheses with which the good and evil tongues of the town embroidered them, before Adolphine

announced the approach of the Borniche, Beaussier, LousteauPrangin, Fichet, GoddetHerau families; in

"You now see, my dear child," said the old lady, concluding her tale, "that it will not be an easy matter to get

"It seems to me so difficultwith a scoundrel such as you represent him, and a daring woman like that

crabgirlas to be actually impossible," remarked Joseph. "We should have to stay a year in Issoudun to

counteract their influence and overthrow their dominion over my uncle. Money isn't worth such a

struggle,not to speak of the meannesses to which we should have to condescend. My mother has only two

weeks' leave of absence; her place is a permanent one, and she must not risk it. As for me, in the month of

October I have an important work, which Schinner has just obtained for me from a peer of France; so you

This speech was received by Madame Hochon with much amazement. Though relatively superior to the town

she lived in, the old lady did not believe in painting. She glanced at her goddaughter, and again pressed her

"This Maxence is the second volume of Philippe," whispered Joseph in his mother's ear, "only cleverer and

better behaved. Well, madame," he said, aloud, we won't trouble Monsieur Hochon by staying very long."

"Ah! you are young; you know nothing of the world," said the old lady. "A couple of weeks, if you are

judicious, may produce great results; listen to my advice, and act accordingly."

"Oh! willingly," said Joseph, "I know I have a perfectly amazing incapacity for domestic statesmanship: for

example, I am sure I don't know what Desroches himself would tell us to do if my uncle declines to see us."

Mesdames Borniche, GoddetHerau, Beaussier, LousteauPrangin and Fichet, decorated with their

When the fourteen persons were seated, and the usual compliments were over, Madame Hochon presented

her goddaughter Agathe and Joseph. Joseph sat in his armchair all the evening, engaged in slyly studying the

sixty faces which, from five o'clock until half past nine, posed for him gratis, as he afterwards told his

mother. Such behavior before the aristocracy of Issoudun did not tend to change the opinion of the little town

concerning him: every one went home ruffled by his sarcastic glances, uneasy under his smiles, and even

frightened at his face, which seemed sinister to a class of people unable to recognize the singularities of

After ten o'clock, when the household was in bed, Madame Hochon kept her goddaughter in her chamber

until midnight. Secure from interruption, the two women told each other the sorrows of their lives, and

exchanged their sufferings. As Agathe listened to the last echoes of a soul that had missed its destiny, and felt

the sufferings of a heart, essentially generous and charitable, whose charity and generosity could never be

exercised, she realized the immensity of the desert in which the powers of this noble, unrecognized soul had

been wasted, and knew that she herself, with the little joys and interests of her city life relieving the bitter

"You who are so pious," she said, "explain to me my shortcomings; tell me what it is that God is punishing in

"He is preparing us, my child," answered the old woman, "for the striking of the last hour."

At midnight the Knights of Idleness were collecting, one by one like shadows, under the trees of the

"No; matters are very serious for him, and for the Rabouilleuse: no doubt, he has concocted some scheme

"My grandfather," said Baruch, "is terribly alarmed at having two extra mouths to feed, and he'd seize on any

"Well, comrades!" cried Max softly, now appearing on the scene, "why are you stargazing? the planets don't

The cry, uttered as with one voice, produced a clamor which rang through the town like the hurrah of troops

rushing to an assault; total silence followed. The next day, more than one inhabitant must have said to his

neighbor: "Did you hear those frightful cries last night, about one o'clock? I thought there was surely a fire

A supper worthy of La Cognette brightened the faces of the twentytwo guests; for the whole Order was

present. At two in the morning, as they were beginning to "siroter" (a word in the vocabulary of the Knights

which admirably expresses the act of sipping and tasting the wine in small quantities), Max rose to speak:

"My dear fellows! the honor of your grand master was grossly attacked this morning, after our memorable

joke with Fario's cart,attacked by a vile pedler, and what is more, a Spaniard (oh, Cabrera!); and I have

resolved to make the scoundrel feel the weight of my vengeance; always, of course, within the limits we have

laid down for our fun. After reflecting about it all day, I have found a trick which is worth putting into

execution,a famous trick, that will drive him crazy. While avenging the insult offered to the Order in my

person, we shall be feeding the sacred animals of the Egyptians,little beasts which are, after all, the

creatures of God, and which man unjustly persecutes. Thus we see that good is the child of evil, and evil is

the offspring of good; such is the paramount law of the universe! I now order you all, on pain of displeasing

your very humble grand master, to procure clandestinely, each one of you, twenty rats, male or female as

heaven pleases. Collect your contingent within three days. If you can get more, the surplus will be welcome.

Keep the interesting rodents without food; for it is essential that the delightful little beasts be ravenous with

hunger. Please observe that I will accept both housemice and fieldmice as rats. If we multiply twentytwo

by twenty, we shall have four hundred; four hundred accomplices let loose in the old church of the

Capuchins, where Fario has stored all his grain, will consume a not insignificant quantity! But be lively about

it! There's no time to lose. Fario is to deliver most of the grain to his customers in a week or so; and I am

determined that that Spaniard shall find a terrible deficit. Gentlemen, I have not the merit of this invention,"

continued Max, observing the signs of general admiration. "Render to Caesar that which is Caesar's, and to

God that which is God's. My scheme is only a reproduction of Samson's foxes, as related in the Bible. But

Samson was an incendiary, and therefore no philanthropist; while we, like the Brahmins, are the protectors of

a persecuted race. Mademoiselle Flore Brazier has already set all her mousetraps, and Kouski, my

"I know," said Goddet, "where to find an animal that's worth forty rats, himself alone."

"I offer a little monkey," said one of the younger members, "he'll make himself drunk on wheat."

"But we might each catch a pigeon some night," said young Beaussier, "taking them from different farms; if

"So, then, for the next week, Fario's storehouse is the order of the night," cried Max, smiling at Beaussier.

"Recollect; people get up early in SaintPaterne. Mind, too, that none of you go there without turning the

soles of your list shoes backward. Knight Beaussier, the inventor of pigeons, is made director. As for me, I

shall take care to leave my imprint on the sacks of wheat. Gentlemen, you are, all of you, appointed to the

commissariat of the Army of Rats. If you find a watchman sleeping in the church, you must manage to make

him drunk, and do it cleverly,so as to get him far away from the scene of the Rodents' Orgy."

"Oh!" exclaimed Max, "I want time to study them. Meantime, I offer my best shotgunthe one the Emperor

gave me, a treasure from the manufactory at Versaillesto whoever finds a way to play the Bridaus a trick

which shall get them into difficulties with Madame and Monsieur Hochon, so that those worthy old people

shall send them off, or they shall be forced to go of their own accord,without, understand me, injuring the

"If the inventor of the trick doesn't care for the gun, he shall have my horse," added Max.

After this night twenty brains were tortured to lay a plot against Agathe and her son, on the basis of Max's

programme. But the devil alone, or chance, could really help them to success; for the conditions given made

The next morning Agathe and Joseph came downstairs just before the second breakfast, which took place at

ten o'clock. In Monsieur Hochon's household the name of first breakfast was given to a cup of milk and slice

of bread and butter which was taken in bed, or when rising. While waiting for Madame Hochon, who

notwithstanding her age went minutely through the ceremonies with which the duchesses of Louis XV.'s time

performed their toilette, Joseph noticed JeanJacques Rouget planted squarely on his feet at the door of his

house across the street. He naturally pointed him out to his mother, who was unable to recognize her brother,

"That is your brother," said Adolphine, who entered, giving an arm to her grandmother.

"What a state they have driven him to! Good God! can that be a man only fiftyseven years old?"

She looked attentively at her brother, and saw Flore Brazier standing directly behind him, with her hair

dressed, a pair of snowy shoulders and a dazzling bosom showing through a gauze neckerchief, which was

trimmed with lace; she was wearing a dress with a tightfitting waist, made of grenadine (a silk material then

much in fashion), with legof mutton sleeves socalled, fastened at the wrists by handsome bracelets. A

gold chain rippled over the crabgirl's bosom as she leaned forward to give JeanJacques his black silk cap

"Hey!" cried Joseph, "there's a fine woman, and a rare one! She is made, as they say, to paint. What

fleshtints! Oh, the lovely tones! what surface! what curves! Ah, those shoulders! She's a magnificent

Adolphine and Madame Hochon thought he was talking Greek; but Agathe signed to them behind his back,

"So you think a creature who is depriving you of your property handsome?" said Madame Hochon.

"That doesn't prevent her from being a splendid model!just plump enough not to spoil the hips and the

"Ah, true! I did wrong. But you must remember that ever since leaving Paris I have seen nothing but ugly

"My dear godmother," said Agathe hastily, "how shall I be able to meet my brother, if that creature is always

"Bah!" said Joseph. "I'll go and see him myself. I don't think him such an idiot, now I find he has the sense to

"If he were not an idiot," said Monsieur Hochon, who had come in, "he would have married long ago and had

children; and then you would have no chance at the property. It is an ill wind that blows no good."

"Your son's idea is very good," said Madame Hochon; "he ought to pay the first visit. He can make his uncle

"That will affront Mademoiselle Brazier," said old Hochon. "No, no, madame; swallow the pill. If you can't

The Hochons were not clever enough to match Max. In the middle of breakfast Kouski brought over a letter

from Monsieur Rouget, addressed to his sister, Madame Bridau. Madame Hochon made her husband read it

My dear Sister,I learn from strangers of your arrival in Issoudun. I can guess the reason which made you

prefer the house of Monsieur and Madame Hochon to mine; but if you will come to see me you shall be

received as you ought to be. I should certainly pay you the first visit if my health did not compel me just now

to keep the house; for which I offer my affectionate regrets. I shall be delighted to see my nephew, whom I

invite to dine with me to morrow,young men are less sensitive than women about the company. It will

give me pleasure if Messrs. Baruch Borniche and Francois Hochon will accompany him.

"Say that we are at breakfast, but that Madame Bridau will send an answer presently, and the invitations are

The old man laid a finger on his lips, to require silence from everybody. When the streetdoor was shut,

Monsieur Hochon, little suspecting the intimacy between his grandsons and Max, threw one of his slyest

"He is just as capable of writing that note as I am of giving away twentyfive louis; it is the soldier who is

"What does that portend?" asked Madame Hochon. "Well, never mind; we will answer him. As for you,

The old lady was stopped short by a look from her husband. Knowing how warm a friendship she felt for

Agathe, old Hochon was in dread lest she should leave some legacy to her goddaughter in case the latter lost

the Rouget property. Though fifteen years older than his wife, the miser hoped to inherit her fortune, and to

become eventually the sole master of their whole property. That hope was a fixed idea with him. Madame

Hochon knew that the best means of obtaining a few concessions from her husband was to threaten him with

her will. Monsieur Hochon now took sides with his guests. An enormous fortune was at stake; with a sense of

social justice, he wished it to go to the natural heirs, instead of being pillaged by unworthy outsiders.

Moreover, the sooner the matter was decided, the sooner he should get rid of his guests. Now that the struggle

between the interlopers and the heirs, hitherto existing only in his wife's mind, had become an actual fact,

Monsieur Hochon's keen intelligence, lulled to sleep by the monotony of provincial life, was fully roused.

Madame Hochon had been agreeably surprised that morning to perceive, from a few affectionate words

which the old man had said to her about Agathe, that so able and subtle an auxiliary was on the Bridau side.

Towards midday the brains of Monsieur and Madame Hochon, of Agathe, and Joseph (the latter much

amazed at the scrupulous care of the old people in the choice of words), were delivered of the following

My dear Brother,If I have stayed away from Issoudun, and kept up no intercourse with any one, not even

with you, the fault lies not merely with the strange and false ideas my father conceived about me, but with the

joys and sorrows of my life in Paris; for if God made me a happy wife, he has also deeply afflicted me as a

mother. You are aware that my son, your nephew Philippe, lies under accusation of a capital offence in

consequence of his devotion to the Emperor. Therefore you can hardly be surprised if a widow, compelled to

take a humble situation in a lotteryoffice for a living, should come to seek consolation from those among

The profession adopted by the son who accompanies me is one that requires great talent, many sacrifices, and

prolonged studies before any results can be obtained. Glory for an artist precedes fortune; is not that to say

that Joseph, though he may bring honor to the family, will still be poor? Your sister, my dear Jean Jacques,

would have borne in silence the penalties of paternal injustice, but you will pardon a mother for reminding

you that you have two nephews; one of whom carried the Emperor's orders at the battle of Montereau and

served in the Guard at Waterloo, and is now in prison for his devotion to Napoleon; the other, from his

thirteenth year, has been impelled by natural gifts to enter a difficult though glorious career.

I thank you for your letter, my dear brother, with heartfelt warmth, for my own sake, and also for Joseph's,

who will certainly accept your invitation. Illness excuses everything, my dear Jean Jacques, and I shall

therefore go to see you in your own house. A sister is always at home with a brother, no matter what may be

"There's the matter started. Now, when you see him," said Monsieur Hochon to Agathe, "you must speak

The letter was carried over by Gritte, who returned ten minutes later to render an account to her masters of all

"That's what they call the Rabouilleuse over there," answered Gritte. "She left the salon and all Monsieur

Rouget's part of the house in a pitiable state; but since yesterday the rooms have been made to look like what

they were before Monsieur Maxence went to live there. You can see your face on the floors. La Vedie told

me that Kouski went off on horseback at five o'clock this morning, and came back at nine, bringing

provisions. It is going to be a grand dinner!a dinner fit for the archbishop of Bourges! There's a fine bustle

in the kitchen, and they are as busy as bees. The old man says, 'I want to do honor to my nephew,' and he

pokes his nose into everything. It appears THE ROUGETS are highly flattered by the letter. Madame came

and told me so. Oh! she had on such a dress! I never saw anything so handsome in my life. Two diamonds in

her ears!two diamonds that cost, Vedie told me, three thousand francs apiece; and such lace! rings on her

fingers, and bracelets! you'd think she was a shrine; and a silk dress as fine as an altarcloth. So then she said

to me, 'Monsieur is delighted to find his sister so amiable, and I hope she will permit us to pay her all the

attention she deserves. We shall count on her good opinion after the welcome we mean to give her son.

Monsieur is very impatient to see his nephew.' Madame had little black satin slippers; and her stockings! my!

they were marvels,flowers in silk and openwork, just like lace, and you could see her rosy little feet

through them. Oh! she's in high feather, and she had a lovely little apron in front of her which, Vedie says,

"What do you think of all this, Monsieur Hochon?" said the old lady when Gritte had departed.

Madame Hochon made Agathe observe her husband, who was sitting with his head in his hands, his elbows

"You have to do with a Maitre Bonin!" said the old man at last. "With your ideas, young man," he added,

looking at Joseph, "you haven't force enough to struggle with a practised scoundrel like Maxence Gilet. No

matter what I say to you, you will commit some folly. But, at any rate, tell me everything you see, and hear,

and do tonight. Go, and God be with you! Try to get alone with your uncle. If, in spite of all your genius,

you can't manage it, that in itself will throw some light upon their scheme. But if you do get a moment alone

with him, out of earshot, damn it, you must pull the wool from his eyes as to the situation those two have

At four o'clock, Joseph crossed the open space which separated the Rouget house from the Hochon house,a

sort of avenue of weakly lindens, two hundred feet long and of the same width as the rue Grande Narette.

When the nephew arrived, Kouski, in polished boots, black cloth trousers, white waistcoat, and black coat,

announced him. The table was set in the large hall, and Joseph, who easily distinguished his uncle, went up to

"We have not seen each other since I came into the world, my dear uncle," said the painter gayly; "but better

"You are very welcome, my friend," said the old man, looking at his nephew in a dull way.

"Madame," Joseph said to Flore with an artist's vivacity, "this morning I was envying my uncle the pleasure

"Nephew," said Rouget, whose elbow Flore was nudging, "this is Monsieur Maxence Gilet; a man who

"Your brother was in the dragoons, I believe," said Maxence. "I was only a dusttrotter."

Joseph took note of Max quite as much as Max took note of Joseph. Max, who got his clothes from Paris, was

dressed as the young dandies of that day dressed themselves. A pair of lightblue cloth trousers, made with

very full plaits, covered his feet so that only the toes and the spurs of his boots were seen. His waist was

pinched in by a white waistcoat with chased gold buttons, which was laced behind to serve as a belt. The

waistcoat, buttoned to the throat, showed off his broad chest, and a black satin stock obliged him to hold his

head high, in soldierly fashion. A handsome gold chain hung from a waistcoat pocket, in which the outline of

a flat watch was barely seen. He was twisting a watchkey of the kind called a "criquet," which Breguet had

"The fellow is finelooking," thought Joseph, admiring with a painter's eye the eager face, the air of strength,

and the intellectual gray eyes which Max had inherited from his father, the noble. "My uncle must be a

fearful bore, and that handsome girl takes her compensations. It is a triangular household; I see that."

"Have you been to see the tower of Issoudun?" Flore asked Joseph. "No? then if you would like to take a little

walk before dinner, which will not be served for an hour, we will show you the great curiosity of the town."

"Gladly," said the artist, quite incapable of seeing the slightest impropriety in so doing.

While Flore went to put on her bonnet, gloves, and cashmere shawl, Joseph suddenly jumped up, as if an

"Ah! you have pictures, indeed, uncle!" he said, examining the one that had caught his eye.

"Yes," answered the old man. "They came to us from the Descoings, who bought them during the Revolution,

"Magnificent!" he cried. "Oh! what painting! that fellow didn't spoil his canvas. Dear, dear! better and better,

"There are seven or eight very large ones up in the garret, which were kept on account of the frames," said

Joseph came down wildly enthusiastic. Max whispered a word to the Rabouilleuse, who took the old man

into the embrasure of a window, where Joseph heard her say in a low voice, but still so that he could hear the

"Your nephew is a painter; you don't care for those pictures; be kind, and give them to him."

"It seems," said JeanJacques, leaning on Flore's arm to reach the place were Joseph was standing in ecstasy

"Well," continued JeanJacques, "if these pictures can be of any use to you in your business, I give them to

you,but without the frames. Oh! the frames are gilt, and besides, they are very funny; I will put"

"Well done, uncle!" cried Joseph, enchanted; "I'll make you copies of the same dimensions, which you can

"But that will take your time, and you will want canvas and colors," said Flore. "You will have to spend

money. Come, Pere Rouget, offer your nephew a hundred francs for each copy; here are twentyseven

pictures, and I think there are eleven very big ones in the garret which ought to cost double,call the whole

four thousand francs. Oh, yes," she went on, turning to Joseph, "your uncle can well afford to pay you four

thousand francs for making the copies, since he keeps the framesbut bless me! you'll want frames; and they

say frames cost more than pictures; there's more gold on them. Answer, monsieur," she continued, shaking

the old man's arm. "Hein? it isn't dear; your nephew will take four thousand francs for new pictures in the

place of the old ones. It is," she whispered in his ear, "a very good way to give him four thousand francs; he

"No, no!" said the honest Joseph; "four thousand francs and the pictures, that's too much; the pictures, don't

"Very good, I accept," said Joseph, bewildered by the luck that had befallen him; for he had recognized a

The result was that the artist beamed with satisfaction as he went out of the house with the Rabouilleuse on

his arm, all of which helped Maxence's plans immensely. Neither Flore, nor Rouget, nor Max, nor indeed any

one in Issoudun knew the value of the pictures, and the crafty Max thought he had bought Flore's triumph for

a song, as she paraded triumphantly before the eyes of the astonished town, leaning on the arm of her master's

nephew, and evidently on the best of terms with him. People flocked to their doors to see the crabgirl's

triumph over the family. This astounding event made the sensation on which Max counted; so that when they

all returned at five o'clock, nothing was talked of in every household but the cordial understanding between

Max and Flore and the nephew of old Rouget. The incident of the pictures and the four thousand francs

circulated already. The dinner, at which Lousteau, one of the court judges, and the Mayor of Issoudun were

present, was splendid. It was one of those provincial dinners lasting five hours. The most exquisite wines

enlivened the conversation. By nine o'clock, at dessert, the painter, seated opposite to his uncle, and between

Flore and Max, had fraternized with the soldier, and thought him the best fellow on earth. Joseph returned

home at eleven o'clock somewhat tipsy. As to old Rouget, Kouski had carried him to his bed deaddrunk; he

had eaten as though he were an actor from foreign parts, and had soaked up the wine like the sands of the

"Well," said Max when he was alone with Flore, "isn't this better than making faces at them? The Bridaus are

well received, they get small presents, and are smothered with attentions, and the end of it is they will sing

our praises; they will go away satisfied and leave us in peace. Tomorrow morning you and I and Kouski will

take down all those pictures and send them over to the painter, so that he shall see them when he wakes up.

We will put the frames in the garret, and cover the walls with one of those varnished papers which represent

On the morrow, Joseph did not wake up till midday. From his bed he saw the pictures, which had been

brought in while he was asleep, leaning one against another on the opposite wall. While he examined them

anew, recognizing each masterpiece, studying the manner of each painter, and searching for the signature, his

mother had gone to see and thank her brother, urged thereto by old Hochon, who, having heard of the follies

the painter had committed the night before, almost despaired of the Bridau cause.

"Your adversaries have the cunning of foxes," he said to Agathe. "In all my days I never saw a man carry

things with such a high hand as that soldier; they say war educates young men! Joseph has let himself be

fooled. They have shut his mouth with wine, and those miserable pictures, and four thousand francs! Your

The longheaded old man instructed Madame Bridau carefully as to the line of conduct she ought to

pursue,advising her to enter into Maxence's ideas and cajole Flore, so as to set up a sort of intimacy with

her, and thus obtain a few moments' interview with JeanJacques alone. Madame Bridau was very warmly

received by her brother, to whom Flore had taught his lesson. The old man was in bed, quite ill from the

excesses of the night before. As Agathe, under the circumstances, could scarcely begin at once to speak of

family matters, Max thought it proper and magnanimous to leave the brother and sister alone together. The

calculation was a good one. Poor Agathe found her brother so ill that she would not deprive him of Madame

"Besides," she said to the old bachelor, "I wish to know a person to whom I am grateful for the happiness of

These words gave evident pleasure to the old man, who rang for Madame Flore. Flore, as we may well

believe, was not far off. The female antagonists bowed to each other. The Rabouilleuse showed the most

servile attentions and the utmost tenderness to her master; fancied his head was too low, beat up the pillows,

and took care of him like a bride of yesterday. The poor creature received it with a rush of feeling.

"We owe you much gratitude, mademoiselle," said Agathe, "for the proofs of attachment you have so long

"That is true, my dear Agathe," said the old man; "she has taught me what happiness is; she is a woman of

"And therefore, my dear brother, you ought to have recompensed Mademoiselle by making her your wife.

Yes! I am too sincere in my religion not to wish to see you obey the precepts of the church. You would each

be more tranquil in mind if you were not at variance with morality and the laws. I have come here, dear

brother, to ask for help in my affliction; but do not suppose that we wish to make any remonstrance as to the

"Madame," said Flore, "we know how unjust your father was to you. Monsieur, here, can tell you," she went

on, looking fixedly at her victim, "that the only quarrels we have ever had were about you. I have always told

him that he owes you part of the fortune he received from his father, and your father, my benefactor,for he

was my benefactor," she added in a tearful voice; "I shall ever remember him! But your brother, madame, has

After such a beginning, it is easy to imagine how the visit went on. Rouget invited his sister to dinner on the

We may here mention that during these three days the Knights of Idleness captured an immense quantity of

rats and mice, which were kept halffamished until they were let loose in the grain one fine night, to the

number of four hundred and thirtysix, of which some were breeding mothers. Not content with providing

Fario's storehouse with these boarders, the Knights made holes in the roof of the old church and put in a

dozen pigeons, taken from as many different farms. These fourfooted and feathered creatures held high

revels,all the more securely because the watchman was enticed away by a fellow who kept him drunk from

Madame Bridau believed, contrary to the opinion of old Hochon, that her brother has as yet made no will; she

intended asking him what were his intentions respecting Mademoiselle Brazier, as soon as she could take a

walk with him alone,a hope which Flore and Maxence were always holding out to her, and, of course,

Meantime the Knights were searching for a way to put the Parisians to flight, and finding none that were not

At the end of a weekhalf the time the Parisians were to stay in Issoudunthe Bridaus were no farther

"Your lawyer does not understand the provinces," said old Hochon to Madame Bridau. "What you have come

to do can't be done in two weeks, nor in two years; you ought never to leave your brother, but live here and

try to give him some ideas of religion. You cannot countermine the fortifications of Flore and Maxence

without getting a priest to sap them. That is my advice, and it is high time to set about it."

"You certainly have very singular ideas about the clergy," said Madame Hochon to her husband.

"God would never bless an enterprise undertaken in a sacrilegious spirit," said Madame Bridau. "Use religion

This conversation took place at breakfast,Francois and Baruch listening with all their ears.

"Sacrilege!" exclaimed old Hochon. "If some good abbe, keen as I have known many of them to be, knew

what a dilemma you are in, he would not think it sacrilege to bring your brother's lost soul back to God, and

call him to repentance for his sins, by forcing him to send away the woman who causes the scandal (with a

proper provision, of course), and showing him how to set his conscience at rest by giving a few thousand

francs a year to the seminary of the archbishop and leaving his property to the rightful heirs."

The passive obedience which the old miser had always exacted from his children, and now from his

grandchildren (who were under his guardianship and for whom he was amassing a small fortune, doing for

them, he said, just as he would for himself), prevented Baruch and Francois from showing signs of surprise or

disapproval; but they exchanged significant glances expressing how dangerous and fatal such a scheme

"The fact is, madame," said Baruch, "that if you want to secure your brother's property, the only sure and true

"Mother," said Joseph hastily, "you had better write to Desroches about all this. As for me, I ask nothing

After fully recognizing the great value of his thirtynine pictures, Joseph had carefully unnailed the canvases

and fastened paper over them, gumming it at the edges with ordinary glue; he then laid them one above

another in an enormous wooden box, which he sent to Desroches by the carrier's waggon, proposing to write

him a letter about it by post. The precious freight had been sent off the night before.

"I can easily get a hundred and fifty thousand francs for those pictures," replied Joseph.

"Mother," said Joseph, "I am going to write to Desroches and explain to him the state of things here. If he

advises you to remain, you had better do so. As for your situation, we can always find you another like it."

"My dear Joseph," said Madame Hochon, following him as he left the table, "I don't know anything about

your uncle's pictures, but they ought to be good, judging by the places from which they came. If they are

worth only forty thousand francs,a thousand francs apiece,tell no one. Though my grandsons are

discreet and wellbehaved, they might, without intending harm, speak of this windfall; it would be known all

over Issoudun; and it is very important that our adversaries should not suspect it. You behave like a child!"

In fact, before evening many persons in Issoudun, including Max, were informed of this estimate, which had

the immediate effect of causing a search for all the old paintings which no one had ever cared for, and the

appearance of many execrable daubs. Max repented having driven the old man into giving away the pictures,

and the rage he felt against the heirs after hearing from Baruch old Hochon's ecclesiastical scheme, was

increased by what he termed his own stupidity. The influence of religion upon such a feeble creature as

Rouget was the one thing to fear. The news brought by his two comrades decided Maxence Gilet to turn all

Rouget's investments into money, and to borrow upon his landed property, so as to buy into the Funds as

soon as possible; but he considered it even more important to get rid of the Parisians at once. The genius of

the Mascarilles and Scapins out together would hardly have solved the latter problem easily.

Flore, acting by Max's advice, pretended that Monsieur was too feeble to take walks, and that he ought, at his

age, to have a carriage. This pretext grew out of the necessity of not exciting inquiry when they went to

Bourges, Vierzon, Chateauroux, Vatan, and all the other places where the project of withdrawing investments

obliged Max and Flore to betake themselves with Rouget. At the close of the week, all Issoudun was amazed

to learn that the old man had gone to Bourges to buy a carriage,a step which the Knights of Idleness

regarded as favorable to the Rabouilleuse. Flore and Max selected a hideous "berlingot," with cracked leather

curtains and windows without glass, aged twenty two years and nine campaigns, sold on the decease of a

colonel, the friend of grandmarshal Bertrand, who, during the absence of that faithful companion of the

Emperor, was left in charge of the affairs of Berry. This "berlingot," painted bright green, was somewhat like

a caleche, though shafts had taken the place of a pole, so that it could be driven with one horse. It belonged to

a class of carriages brought into vogue by diminished fortunes, which at that time bore the candid name of

"demifortune"; at its first introduction it was called a "seringue." The cloth lining of this demifortune, sold

under the name of caleche, was motheaten; its gimps looked like the chevrons of an old Invalide; its rusty

joints squeaked,but it only cost four hundred and fifty francs; and Max bought a good stout mare, trained

to harness, from an officer of a regiment then stationed at Bourges. He had the carriage repainted a dark

brown, and bought a tolerable harness at a bargain. The whole town of Issoudun was shaken to its centre in

expectation of Pere Rouget's equipage; and on the occasion of its first appearance, every household was on its

The second time the old bachelor went out he drove to Bourges, where, to escape the trouble of attending

personally to the business, or, if you prefer it, being ordered to do so by Flore, he went before a notary and

signed a power of attorney in favor of Maxence Gilet, enabling him to make all the transfers enumerated in

the document. Flore reserved to herself the business of making Monsieur sell out the investments in Issoudun

and its immediate neighborhood. The principal notary in Bourges was requested by Rouget to get him a loan

of one hundred and forty thousand francs on his landed estate. Nothing was known at Issoudun of these

proceedings, which were secretly and cleverly carried out. Maxence, who was a good rider, went with his

own horse to Bourges and back between five in the morning and five in the afternoon. Flore never left the old

bachelor. Rouget consented without objection to the action Flore dictated to him; but he insisted that the

investment in the Funds, producing fifty thousand francs a year, should stand in Flore's name as holding a

lifeinterest only, and in his as owner of the principal. The tenacity the old man displayed in the domestic

disputes which this idea created caused Max a good deal of anxiety; he thought he could see the result of

Amid all these movements, which Max concealed from the knowledge of everyone, he forgot the Spaniard

and his granary. Fario came back to Issoudun to deliver his corn, after various trips and business manoeuvres

undertaken to raise the price of cereals. The morning after his arrival he noticed that the roof the church of the

Capuchins was black with pigeons. He cursed himself for having neglected to examine its condition, and

hurried over to look into his storehouse, where he found half his grain devoured. Thousands of micemarks

and ratmarks scattered about showed a second cause of ruin. The church was a Noah'sark. But anger

turned the Spaniard white as a bit of cambric when, trying to estimate the extent of the destruction and his

consequence losses, he noticed that the grain at the bottom of the heap, near the floor, was sprouting from the

effects of water, which Max had managed to introduce by means of tin tubes into the very centre of the pile

of wheat. The pigeons and the rats could be explained by animal instinct; but the hand of man was plainly

Fario sat down on the steps of a chapel altar, holding his head between his hands. After half an hour of

Spanish reflections, he spied the squirrel, which Goddet could not refrain from giving him as a guest, playing

with its tail upon a crossbeam, on the middle of which rested one of the uprights that supported the roof.

The Spaniard rose and turned to his watchman with a face that was as calm and cold as an Arab's. He made

no complaint, but went home, hired laborers to gather into sacks what remained of the sound grain, and to

spread in the sun all that was moist, so as to save as much as possible; then, after estimating that his losses

amounted to about three fifths, he attended to filling his orders. But his previous manipulations of the market

had raised the price of cereals, and he lost on the three fifths he was obliged to buy to fill his orders; so that

his losses amounted really to more than half. The Spaniard, who had no enemies, at once attributed this

revenge to Gilet. He was convinced that Maxence and some others were the authors of all the nocturnal

mischief, and had in all probability carried his cart up the embankment of the tower, and now intended to

amuse themselves by ruining him. It was a matter to him of over three thousand francs,very nearly the

whole capital he had scraped together since the peace. Driven by the desire for vengeance, the man now

displayed the cunning and stealthy persistence of a detective to whom a large reward is offered. Hiding at

night in different parts of Issoudun, he soon acquired proof of the proceedings of the Knights of Idleness; he

saw them all, counted them, watched their rendezvous, and knew of their suppers at Mere Cognette's; after

that he lay in wait to witness one of their deeds, and thus became well informed as to their nocturnal habits.

In spite of Max's journeys and preoccupations, he had no intention of neglecting his nightly

employments,first, because he did not wish his comrades to suspect the secret of his operations with Pere

Rouget's property; and secondly, to keep the Knights well in hand. They were therefore convened for the

preparation of a prank which might deserve to be talked of for years to come. Poisoned meat was to be

thrown on a given night to every watchdog in the town and in the environs. Fario overheard them

congratulating each other, as they came out from a supper at the Cognettes', on the probable success of the

performance, and laughing over the general mourning that would follow this novel massacre of the

innocents,revelling, moreover, in the apprehensions it would excite as to the sinister object of depriving all

Fario did not need that speech to confirm his suspicions; besides, his mind was already made up.

After three weeks' stay in Issoudun, Agathe was convinced, and so was Madame Hochon, of the truth of the

old miser's observation, that it would take years to destroy the influence which Max and the Rabouilleuse had

acquired over her brother. She had made no progress in JeanJacques's confidence, and she was never left

alone with him. On the other hand, Mademoiselle Brazier triumphed openly over the heirs by taking Agathe

to drive in the caleche, sitting beside her on the back seat, while Monsieur Rouget and his nephew occupied

the front. Mother and son impatiently awaited an answer to the confidential letter they had written to

Desroches. The day before the night on which the dogs were to be poisoned, Joseph, who was nearly bored to

death in Issoudun, received two letters: the first from the great painter Schinner,whose age allowed him a

closer intimacy than Joseph could have with Gros, their master,and the second from Desroches.

My dear Joseph,I have just finished the principal panel paintings at the chateau de Presles for the Comte

de Serizy. I have left all the mouldings and the decorative painting; and I have recommended you so strongly

to the count, and also to Gridot the architect, that you have nothing to do but pick up your brushes and come

at once. Prices are arranged to please you. I am off to Italy with my wife; so you can have Mistigris to help

you along. The young scamp has talent, and I put him at your disposal. He is twittering like a sparrow at the

Adieu, my dear Joseph; if I am still absent, and should send nothing to next year's Salon, you must take my

place. Yes, dear Jojo, I know your picture is a masterpiece, but a masterpiece which will rouse a hue and cry

about romanticism; you are doomed to lead the life of a devil in holy water. Adieu.

My dear Joseph,Your Monsieur Hochon strikes me as an old man full of commonsense, and you give me

a high idea of his methods; he is perfectly right. My advice, since you ask it, is that your mother should

remain at Issoudun with Madame Hochon, paying a small board,say four hundred francs a year,to

reimburse her hosts for what she eats. Madame Bridau ought, in my opinion, to follow Monsieur Hochon's

advice in everything; for your excellent mother will have many scruples in dealing with persons who have no

scruple at all, and whose behavior to her is a masterstroke of policy. That Maxence, you are right enough, is

dangerous. He is another Philippe, but of a different calibre. The scoundrel makes his vices serve his fortunes,

and gets his amusement gratis; whereas your brother's follies are never useful to him. All that you say alarms

me, but I could do no good by going to Issoudun. Monsieur Hochon, acting behind your mother, will be more

useful to you than I. As for you, you had better come back here; you are good for nothing in a matter which

requires continual attention, careful observation, servile civilities, discretion in speech, and a dissimulation of

If they have told you no will has been made, you may be quite sure they have possessed one for a long time.

But wills can be revoked, and as long as your fool of an uncle lives he is no doubt susceptible of being

worked upon by remorse and religion. Your inheritance will be the result of a combat between the Church

and the Rabouilleuse. There will inevitably come a time when that woman will lose her grip on the old man,

and religion will be all powerful. So long as your uncle makes no gift of the property during his lifetime,

and does not change the nature of his estate, all may come right whenever religion gets the upper hand. For

this reason, you must beg Monsieur Hochon to keep an eye, as well as he can, on the condition of your

uncle's property. It is necessary to know if the real estate is mortgaged, and if so, where and in whose name

the proceeds are invested. It is so easy to terrify an old man with fears about his life, in case you find him

despoiling his own property for the sake of these interlopers, that almost any heir with a little adroitness

could stop the spoliation at its outset. But how should your mother, with her ignorance of the world, her

disinterestedness, and her religious ideas, know how to manage such an affair? However, I am not able to

throw any light on the matter. All that you have done so far has probably given the alarm, and your

"That is what I call an opinion in good shape," exclaimed Monsieur Hochon, proud of being himself

"There it is," said Joseph, giving it to him; "as to me, I want to be off tomorrow; and I am now going to say

"Ah!" said Monsieur Hochon, "I see that Monsieur Desroches tells you in a postscript to burn the letter."

Joseph dressed, crossed the little square, and called on his uncle, who was just finishing breakfast. Max and

"Yes; I have some work to do at the chateau of Monsieur de Serizy, and I am all the more glad of it because

his arm is long enough to do a service to my poor brother in the Chamber of Peers."

"Well, well, go and work"; said old Rouget, with a silly air. Joseph thought him extraordinarily changed

Max made a movement with his lips which the Rabouilleuse observed, and which signified: "They are going

"I am very glad I came," said Joseph, "for I have had the pleasure of making your acquaintance and you have

"Yes," said Flore, "instead of enlightening your uncle on the value of his pictures, which is now estimated at

over one hundred thousand francs, you have packed them off in a hurry to Paris. Poor dear man! he is no

better than a baby! We have just been told of a little treasure at Bourges,what did they call it? a

Poussin,which was in the choir of the cathedral before the Revolution and is now worth, all by itself, thirty

"That was not right of you, my nephew," said JeanJacques, at a sign from Max, which Joseph could not see.

"Come now, frankly," said the soldier, laughing, "on your honor, what should you say those pictures were

worth? You've made an easy haul out of your uncle! and right enough, too,uncles are made to be pillaged.

Nature deprived me of uncles, but damn it, if I'd had any I should have shown them no mercy."

"Did you know, monsieur," said Flore to Rouget, "what YOUR pictures were worth? How much did you say,

"Well," answered the painter, who had grown as red as a beetroot, "the pictures are certainly worth

"They say you estimated them to Monsieur Hochon at one hundred and fifty thousand francs," said Flore; "is

"And did you intend," said Flore to the old man, "to give a hundred and fifty thousand francs to your

"There is one way to settle all this," said the painter, "and that is to return them to you, uncle."

"I shall send them back to you," said Joseph, wounded by the offensive silence of Max and Flore. "There is

something in my brushes which will make my fortune, without owing anything to any one, even an uncle. My

And Joseph crossed the square in a state of irritation which artists can imagine. The entire Hochon family

were in the salon. When they saw Joseph gesticulating and talking to himself, they asked him what was the

matter. The painter, who was as open as the day, related before Baruch and Francois the scene that had just

taken place; and which, two hours later, thanks to the two young men, was the talk of the whole town,

embroidered with various circumstances that were more or less ridiculous. Some persons insisted that the

painter was maltreated by Max; others that he had misbehaved to Flore, and that Max had turned him out of

"What a child your son is!" said Hochon to Madame Bridau; "the booby is the dupe of a scene which they

have been keeping back for the last day of his visit. Max and the Rabouilleuse have known the value of those

pictures for the last two weeks,ever since he had the folly to tell it before my grandsons, who never rested

till they had blurted it out to all the world. Your artist had better have taken himself off without taking leave."

"My son has done right to return the pictures if they are really so valuable," said Agathe.

"If they are worth, as he says, two hundred thousand francs," said old Hochon, "it was folly to put himself in

the way of being obliged to return them. You might have had that, at least, out of the property; whereas, as

things are going now, you won't get anything. And this scene with Joseph is almost a reason why your

Between midnight and one o'clock, the Knights of Idleness began their gratuitous distribution of comestibles

to the dogs of the town. This memorable expedition was not over till three in the morning, the hour at which

these reprobates went to sup at Cognette's. At halfpast four, in the early dawn, they crept home. Just as Max

turned the corner of the rue l'Avenier into the Grande rue, Fario, who stood ambushed in a recess, struck a

knife at his heart, drew out the blade, and escaped by the moat towards Vilatte, wiping the blade of his knife

on his handkerchief. The Spaniard washed the handkerchief in the Riviere forcee, and returned quietly to his

lodgings at SaintPaterne, where he got in by a window he had left open, and went to bed: later, he was

As he fell, Max uttered a fearful cry which no one could mistake. LousteauPrangin, son of a judge, a distant

relation to the family of the subdelegate, and young Goddet, who lived at the lower end of the Grande rue,

But not a dog barked; and all the town, accustomed to the false alarms of these nightly prowlers, stayed

quietly in their beds. When his two comrades reached him, Max had fainted. It was necessary to rouse

Monsieur Goddet, the surgeon. Max had recognized Fario; but when he came to his senses, with several

persons about him, and felt that his wound was not mortal, it suddenly occurred to him to make capital out of

Thereupon LousteauPrangin ran off to his father, the judge. Max was carried home by Cognette, young

Goddet, and two other persons. Mere Cognette and Monsieur Goddet walked beside the stretcher. Those who

carried the wounded man naturally looked across at Monsieur Hochon's door while waiting for Kouski to let

them in, and saw Monsieur Hochon's servant sweeping the steps. At the old miser's, as everywhere else in the

provinces, the household was early astir. The few words uttered by Max had roused the suspicions of

"Bless me!" she said, "he went out at halfpast four. I don't know what ailed him; he walked up and down his

This simple answer drew forth such exclamations of horror that the woman came over, curious to know what

"A precious fellow he is, that painter of yours!" they said to her. And the procession entered the house,

leaving Gritte openmouthed with amazement at the sight of Max in his bloody shirt, stretched half fainting

Artists will readily guess what ailed Joseph, and kept him restless all night. He imagined the tale the

bourgeoisie of Issoudun would tell of him. They would say he had fleeced his uncle; that he was everything

but what he had tried to be,a loyal fellow and an honest artist! Ah! he would have given his great picture to

have flown like a swallow to Paris, and thrown his uncle's paintings at Max's nose. To be the one robbed, and

to be thought the robber!what irony! So at the earliest dawn, he had started for the poplar avenue which led

While the innocent fellow was vowing, by way of consolation, never to return to Issoudun, Max was

preparing a horrible outrage for his sensitive spirit. When Monsieur Goddet had probed the wound and

discovered that the knife, turned aside by a little pocketbook, had happily spared Max's life (though making

a serious wound), he did as all doctors, and particularly country surgeons, do; he paved the way for his own

credit by "not answering for the patient's life"; and then, after dressing the soldier's wound, and stating the

verdict of science to the Rabouilleuse, JeanJacques Rouget, Kouski, and the Vedie, he left the house. The

Rabouilleuse came in tears to her dear Max, while Kouski and the Vedie told the assembled crowd that the

captain was in a fair way to die. The news brought nearly two hundred persons in groups about the place

"I sha'n't be a month in bed; and I know who struck the blow," whispered Max to Flore. "But we'll profit by it

to get rid of the Parisians. I have said I thought I recognized the painter; so pretend that I am expected to die,

and try to have Joseph Bridau arrested. Let him taste a prison for a couple of days, and I know well enough

the mother will be off in a jiffy for Paris when she gets him out. And then we needn't fear the priests they talk

When Flore Brazier came downstairs, she found the assembled crowd quite prepared to take the impression

she meant to give them. She went out with tears in her eyes, and related, sobbing, how the painter, "who had

just the face for that sort of thing," had been angry with Max the night before about some pictures he had

"That brigandfor you've only got to look at him to see what he is thinks that if Max were dead, his uncle

would leave him his fortune; as if," she cried, "a brother were not more to him than a nephew! Max is Doctor

"Ah! he meant to do the deed just before he left Issoudun; he chose his time, for he was going away today,"

A Knight of Idleness ran off at once to Monsieur Mouilleron. The crowd increased; and the tumult became

threatening. Excited groups filled up the whole of the GrandeNarette. Others stationed themselves before

the church of SaintJean. An assemblage gathered at the porte Vilatte, which is at the farther end of the

PetiteNarette. Monsieur Lousteau Prangin and Monsieur Mouilleron, the commissary of police, the

lieutenant of gendarmes, and two of his men, had some difficulty in reaching the place SaintJean through

two hedges of people, whose cries and exclamations could and did prejudice them against the Parisian; who

was, it is needless to say, unjustly accused, although, it is true, circumstances told against him.

After a conference between Max and the magistrates, Monsieur Mouilleron sent the commissary of police

and a sergeant with one gendarme to examine what, in the language of the ministry of the interior, is called

"the theatre of the crime." Then Messieurs Mouilleron and LousteauPrangin, accompanied by the lieutenant

of gendarmes crossed over to the Hochon house, which was now guarded by two gendarmes in the garden

and two at the front door. The crowd was still increasing. The whole town was surging in the Grande rue.

Gritte had rushed terrified to her master, crying out: "Monsieur, we shall be pillaged! the town is in revolt;

Monsieur Maxence Gilet has been assassinated; he is dying! and they say it is Monsieur Joseph who has done

Monsieur Hochon dressed quickly, and came downstairs; but seeing the angry populace, he hastily retreated

within the house, and bolted the door. On questioning Gritte, he learned that his guest had left the house at

daybreak, after walking the floor all night in great agitation, and had not yet come in. Much alarmed, he went

to find Madame Hochon, who was already awakened by the noise, and to whom he told the frightful news

"Before his innocence can be proved, the crowd may get in here and pillage us," said Monsieur Hochon, livid

"Ah! so much the better," said Madame Hochon. "I wish she may sleep on till the matter is cleared up. Such a

But Agathe woke up and came down halfdressed; for the evasive answers of Gritte, whom she questioned,

had disturbed both her head and heart. She found Madame Hochon, looking very pale, with her eyes full of

"Courage, my child. God sends us our afflictions," said the old lady. "Joseph is accused"

Hearing the words, and seeing the lieutenant of gendarmes, who at this moment entered the room

"There now!" said Monsieur Hochon to his wife and Gritte, "carry off Madame Bridau; women are only in

the way at these times. Take her to her room and stay there, both of you. Sit down, gentlemen," continued the

old man. "The mistake to which we owe your visit will soon, I hope, be cleared up."

"Even if it should be a mistake," said Monsieur Mouilleron, "the excitement of the crowd is so great, and

their minds are so exasperated, that I fear for the safety of the accused. I should like to get him arrested, and

"Who would ever have believed that Monsieur Maxence Gilet had inspired so much affection in this town?"

"One of my men says there's a crowd of twelve hundred more just coming in from the faubourg de Rome,"

said the lieutenant of gendarmes, "and they are threatening death to the assassin."

"Call Gritte," said the judge gravely. "I was in hopes he had not left the house. You are aware that the crime

While Monsieur Hochon went to find Gritte, the three functionaries looked at each other significantly.

"I never liked that painter's face," said the lieutenant to Monsieur Mouilleron.

"My good woman," said the judge to Gritte, when she appeared, "they say you saw Monsieur Joseph Bridau

"Just as I was getting up: he walked about his room all night, and was dressed when I came downstairs."

"Send one of your men for my clerk," said LousteauPrangin to the lieutenant, "and tell him to bring warrants

"Good God! don't be in such a hurry," cried Monsieur Hochon. "The young man's agitation may have been

caused by something besides the premeditation of this crime. He meant to return to Paris today, to attend to

"Yes, the affair of the pictures," said Monsieur Mouilleron. "Those pictures caused a very hot quarrel

between them yesterday, and it is a word and a blow with artists, they tell me."

"Who is there in Issoudun who had any object in killing Gilet?" said Lousteau. "No one,neither a jealous

"But what was Monsieur Gilet doing in the streets at four in the morning?" remarked Monsieur Hochon.

"Now, Monsieur Hochon, you must allow us to manage this affair in our own way," answered Mouilleron;

At this instant a clamor was heard from the other end of the town, growing louder and louder, like the roll of

These words rose distinctly on the ear above the hoarse roar of the populace. Poor Joseph, returning quietly

past the mill at Landrole intending to get home in time for breakfast, was spied by the various groups of

people, as soon as he reached the place Misere. Happily for him, a couple of gendarmes arrived on a run in

time to snatch him from the inhabitants of the faubourg de Rome, who had already pinioned him by the arms

"Give way! give way!" cried the gendarmes, calling to some of their comrades to help them, and putting

"You see, monsieur," said the one who held the painter, "it concerns our skin as well as yours at this moment.

Innocent or guilty, we must protect you against the tumult raised by the murder of Captain Gilet. And the

crowd is not satisfied with suspecting you; they declare, hard as iron, that you are the murderer. Monsieur

Gilet is adored by all the people, wholook at them!want to take justice into their own hands. Ah! didn't

we see them, in 1830, dusting the jackets of the taxgatherers? whose life isn't a bed of roses, anyway!"

Joseph Bridau grew pale as death, and collected all his strength to walk onward.

Poor artist! he was forced to bear his cross. Amid the hooting and insults and threats from the mob, he made

the dreadful transit from the place Misere to the place SaintJean. The gendarmes were obliged to draw their

sabres on the furious mob, which pelted them with stones. One of the officers was wounded, and Joseph

"Here we are!" said one of the gendarmes, as they entered Monsieur Hochon's hall, "and not without

"We must now manage to disperse the crowd; and I see but one way, gentlemen," said the lieutenant to the

magistrates. "We must take Monsieur Bridau to the Palais accompanied by all of you; I and my gendarmes

will make a circle round you. One can't answer for anything in presence of a furious crowd of six

"You are right," said Monsieur Hochon, who was trembling all the while for his gold.

"If that's your only way to protect innocence in Issoudun," said Joseph, "I congratulate you. I came near being

"Do you wish your friend's house to be taken by assault and pillaged?" asked the lieutenant. "Could we beat

back with our sabres a crowd of people who are pushed from behind by an angry populace that knows

"That will do, gentlemen, let us go; we can come to explanations later," said Joseph, who had recovered his

"Give way, friends!" said the lieutenant to the crowd; "HE is arrested, and we are taking him to the Palais."

"Wouldn't you prefer to see him guillotined?" said one of the gendarmes to an angry group.

By the time they reached the end of the GrandeNarette the crowd were shouting: "They are taking him to

the guillotine!" "They found the knife upon him!" "That's what Parisians are!" "He carries crime on his face!"

Though all Joseph's blood had flown to his head, he walked the distance from the place SaintJean to the

Palais with remarkable calmness and selfpossession. Nevertheless, he was very glad to find himself in the

"I need hardly tell you, gentlemen, that I am innocent," said Joseph, addressing Monsieur Mouilleron,

Monsieur LousteauPrangin, and the clerk. "I can only beg you to assist me in proving my innocence. I know

When the judge had stated all the suspicious facts which were against him, ending with Max's declaration,

"But," said he, "it was past five o'clock when I left the house. I went up the Grande rue, and at halfpast five I

was standing looking up at the facade of the parish church of SaintCyr. I talked there with the sexton, who

came to ring the angelus, and asked him for information about the building, which seems to me fantastic and

incomplete. Then I passed through the vegetablemarket, where some women had already assembled. From

there, crossing the place Misere, I went as far as the mill of Landrole by the Pont aux Anes, where I watched

the ducks for five or six minutes, and the miller's men must have noticed me. I saw the women going to wash;

they are probably still there. They made a little fun of me, and declared that I was not handsome; I told them

it was not all gold that glittered. From there, I followed the long avenue to Tivoli, where I talked with the

gardener. Pray have these facts verified; and do not even arrest me, for I give you my word of honor that I

These sensible words, said without the least hesitation, and with the ease of a man who is perfectly sure of his

"Yes, we must find all these persons and summon them," said Monsieur Mouilleron; "but it is more than the

affair of a day. Make up your mind, therefore, in your own interests, to be imprisoned in the Palais."

"Provided I can write to my mother, so as to reassure her, poor woman oh! you can read the letter," he

This request was too just not to be granted, and Joseph wrote the following letter:

"Do not be uneasy, dear mother; the mistake of which I am a victim can easily be rectified; I have already

given them the means of doing so. Tomorrow, or perhaps this evening, I shall be at liberty. I kiss you, and

beg you to say to Monsieur and Madame Hochon how grieved I am at this affair; in which, however, I have

had no hand,it is the result of some chance which, as yet, I do not understand."

When the note reached Madame Bridau, she was suffering from a nervous attack, and the potions which

Monsieur Goddet was trying to make her swallow were powerless to soothe her. The reading of the letter

acted like balm; after a few quiverings, Agathe subsided into the depression which always follows such

attacks. Later, when Monsieur Goddet returned to his patient he found her regretting that she had ever quitted

"His wound, though serious, is not mortal," replied the doctor. "With a month's nursing he will be all right. I

left him writing to Monsieur Mouilleron to request him to set your son at liberty, madame," he added, turning

to Agathe. "Oh! Max is a fine fellow. I told him what a state you were in, and he then remembered a

circumstance which goes to prove that the assassin was not your son; the man wore list shoes, whereas it is

The fact was, a man had left a note for Max, after dark, written in typeletters, which ran as follows:

"Captain Gilet ought not to let an innocent man suffer. He who struck the blow promises not to strike again if

Monsieur Gilet will have Monsieur Joseph Bridau set at liberty, without naming the man who did it."

After reading this letter and burning it, Max wrote to Monsieur Mouilleron stating the circumstance of the list

shoes, as reported by Monsieur Goddet, begging him to set Joseph at liberty, and to come and see him that he

By the time this letter was received, Monsieur LousteauPrangin had verified, by the testimony of the

bellringer, the marketwomen and washerwomen, and the miller's men, the truth of Joseph's explanation.

Max's letter made his innocence only the more certain, and Monsieur Mouilleron himself escorted him back

to the Hochons'. Joseph was greeted with such overflowing tenderness by his mother that the poor

misunderstood son gave thanks to illlucklike the husband to the thief, in La Fontaine's fablefor a

"Oh," said Monsieur Mouilleron, with a selfsatisfied air, "I knew at once by the way you looked at the angry

crowd that you were innocent; but whatever I may have thought, any one who knows Issoudun must also

know that the only way to protect you was to make the arrest as we did. Ah! you carried your head high."

"I was thinking of something else," said the artist simply. "An officer in the army told me that he was once

stopped in Dalmatia under similar circumstances by an excited populace, in the early morning as he was

returning from a walk. This recollection came into my mind, and I looked at all those heads with the idea of

painting a revolt of the year 1793. Besides, I kept saying to myself: Blackguard that I am! I have only got my

deserts for coming here to look after an inheritance, instead of painting in my studio."

"If you will allow me to offer you a piece of advice," said the procureur du roi, "you will take a carriage

tonight, which the postmaster will lend you, and return to Paris by the diligence from Bourges."

"That is my advice also," said Monsieur Hochon, who was burning with a desire for the departure of his

"My most earnest wish is to get away from Issoudun, though I leave my only friend here," said Agathe,

"Ah! my dear, never until we meet above. We have suffered enough here below," she added in a low voice,

Shortly after, while Monsieur Mouilleron had gone across the way to talk with Max, Gritte greatly astonished

Monsieur and Madame Hochon, Agathe, Joseph, and Adolphine by announcing the visit of Monsieur Rouget.

JeanJacques came to bid his sister goodby, and to offer her his caleche for the drive to Bourges.

"Keep them, my sister," said the old man, who did not even now believe in their value.

"Neighbor," remarked Monsieur Hochon, "our best friends, our surest defenders, are our own relations; above

"We ought all to think of ending our days in a Christian manner," said Madame Hochon.

"No, brother," answered Madame Bridau, "I thank you, and wish you health and comfort."

Rouget let his sister and nephew kiss him, and then he went away without manifesting any feeling himself.

Baruch, at a hint from his grandfather, had been to see the postmaster. At eleven o'clock that night, the two

Parisians, ensconced in a wicker cabriolet drawn by one horse and ridden by a postilion, quitted Issoudun.

Adolphine and Madame Hochon parted from them with tears in their eyes; they alone regretted Joseph and

"They are gone!" said Francois Hochon, going, with the Rabouilleuse, into Max's bedroom.

"I told him that I had given my assassin some cause to waylay me; that he was a dangerous man and likely, if

I followed up the affair, to kill me like a dog before he could be captured. Consequently, I begged Mouilleron

and Prangin to make the most active search ostensibly, but really to let the assassin go in peace, unless they

"I do hope, Max," said Flore, "that you will be quiet at night for some time to come."

"At any rate, we are delivered from the Parisians!" cried Max. "The fellow who stabbed me had no idea what

The next day, the departure of the Parisians was celebrated as a victory of the provinces over Paris by every

one in Issoudun, except the more sober and staid inhabitants, who shared the opinions of Monsieur and

"Do those Parisians fancy we are all idiots," cried one, "and think they have only got to hold their hats and

"They came to fleece, but they have got shorn themselves," said another; "the nephew is not to the uncle's

"Why, of course,a plan to get possession of old Rouget. But the Parisians were not clever enough; that

To the townspeople at large the Bridaus were Parisians and foreigners; they preferred Max and Flore.

We can imagine the satisfaction with which, after this campaign, Joseph and Agathe reentered their little

lodging in the rue Mazarin. On the journey, the artist recovered his spirits, which had, not unnaturally, been

put to flight by his arrest and twentyfour hours' confinement; but he could not cheer up his mother. The

Court of Peers was about to begin the trial of the military conspirators, and that was sufficient to keep Agathe

from recovering her peace of mind. Philippe's conduct, in spite of the clever defender whom Desroches

recommended to him, roused suspicions that were unfavorable to his character. In view of this, Joseph, as

soon as he had put Desroches in possession of all that was going on at Issoudun, started with Mistigris for the

chateau of the Comte de Serizy, to escape hearing about the trial of the conspirators, which lasted for twenty

It is useless to record facts that may be found in contemporaneous histories. Whether it were that he played a

part previously agreed upon, or that he was really an informer, Philippe was condemned to five years'

surveillance by the police department, and ordered to leave Paris the same day for Autun, the town which the

director general of police selected as the place of his exile for five years. This punishment resembled the

detention of prisoners on parole who have a town for a prison. Learning that the Comte de Serizy, one of the

peers appointed by the Chamber on the courtmartial, was employing Joseph to decorate his chateau at

Presles, Desroches begged the minister to grant him an audience, and found Monsieur de Serizy most

amiably disposed toward Joseph, with whom he had happened to make personal acquaintance. Desroches

explained the financial condition of the two brothers, recalling the services of the father, and the neglect

"Such injustice, monseigneur," said the lawyer, "is a lasting cause of irritation and discontent. You knew the

And he drew a succinct picture of the situation of the family affairs at Issoudun, begging the allpowerful

vicepresident of the Council of State to take steps to induce the directorgeneral of police to change

Philippe's place of residence from Autun to Issoudun. He also spoke of Philippe's extreme poverty, and asked

a dole of sixty francs a month, which the minister of war ought, he said, for mere shame's sake, to grant to a

Three days later, Desroches, furnished with the necessary authority, fetched Philippe from the prison of the

Court of Peers, and took him to his own house, rue de Bethizy. Once there, the young barrister read the

miserable vagabond one of those unanswerable lectures in which lawyers rate things at their actual value;

using plain terms to qualify the conduct, and to analyze and reduce to their simplest meaning the sentiments

and ideas of clients toward whom they feel enough interest to speak plainly. After humbling the Emperor's

staff officer by reproaching him with his reckless dissipations, his mother's misfortunes, and the death of

Madame Descoings, he went on to tell him the state of things at Issoudun, explaining it according to his

lights, and probing both the scheme and the character of Maxence Gilet and the Rabouilleuse to their depths.

Philippe, who was gifted with a keen comprehension in such directions, listened with much more interest to

"Under these circumstances," continued the lawyer, "you can repair the injury you have done to your

estimable family,so far at least as it is reparable; for you cannot restore life to the poor mother you have all

Philippe's sunken face, which had grown almost sinister in expression and was furrowed with sufferings and

"And, as I was saying, you alone can recover the inheritance of old Rouget's property; half of which may by

this time be in the jaws of the wolf named Gilet," replied Desroches. "You now know all the particulars, and

it is for you to act accordingly. I suggest no plan; I have no ideas at all as to that; besides, everything will

depend on local circumstances. You have to deal with a strong force; that fellow is very astute. The way he

attempted to get back the pictures your uncle had given to Joseph, the audacity with which he laid a crime on

your poor brother's shoulders, all go to prove that the adversary is capable of everything. Therefore, be

prudent; and try to behave properly out of policy, if you can't do so out of decency. Without telling Joseph,

whose artist's pride would be up in arms, I have sent the pictures to Monsieur Hochon, telling him to give

"So much the better," said Philippe; "I count on his courage for success; a coward would leave Issoudun."

"Well,think of your mother who has been so devoted to you, and of your brother, whom you made your

"Am I not the friend of the family, and don't I know much more about you than they do?" asked Desroches.

"I!" exclaimed Philippe. "I! a staffofficer of the Emperor! Absurd! Why, we fooled the Chamber of Peers,

the lawyers, the government, and the whole of the damned concern. The king's people were completely

"That's all very well, if it was so," answered the lawyer. "But, don't you see, the Bourbons can't be

overthrown; all Europe is backing them; and you ought to try to make your peace with the war

department,you could do that readily enough if you were rich. To get rich, you and your brother, you must

lay hold of your uncle. If you will take the trouble to manage an affair which needs great cleverness, patience,

"No, no," cried Philippe, "I must take the bull by the horns at once. This Maxence may alter the investment of

"Monsieur Hochon is a good adviser, and sees clearly; consult him. You have your orders from the police; I

have taken your place in the Orleans diligence for halfpast seven o'clock this evening. I suppose your trunk

"I own nothing but what I have got on my back," said Philippe, opening his horrible blue overcoat; "but I

only need three things, which you must tell Giroudeau, the uncle of Finot, to send me,my sabre, my sword,

"You need more than that," said the lawyer, shuddering as he looked at his client. "You will receive a

"Bless me! are you here, Godeschal?" cried Philippe, recognizing in Desroches's headclerk, as they passed

"And he will stay with me, I hope, till he gets a business of his own," said Desroches.

"It would cost her little trouble to get my sentence remitted," said Philippe. "However, as she chooses!"

After a meagre dinner, given by Desroches who boarded his headclerk, the two lawyers put the political

On the second of November, AllSouls' day, Philippe Bridau appeared before the commissary of police at

Issoudun, to have the date of his arrival recorded on his papers; and by that functionary's advice he went to

lodge in the rue l'Avenier. The news of the arrival of an officer, banished on account of the late military

conspiracy, spread rapidly through the town, and caused all the more excitement when it was known that this

officer was a brother of the painter who had been falsely accused. Maxence Gilet, by this time entirely

recovered from his wound, had completed the difficult operation of turning all Pere Rouget's mortgages into

money, and putting the proceeds in one sum, on the "grandlivre." The loan of one hundred and forty

thousand francs obtained by the old man on his landed property had caused a great sensation,for

everything is known in the provinces. Monsieur Hochon, in the Bridau interest, was much put about by this

disaster, and questioned old Monsieur Heron, the notary at Bourges, as to the object of it.

"The heirs of old Rouget, if old Rouget changes his mind, ought to make me a votive offering," cried

Monsieur Heron. "If it had not been for me, the old fellow would have allowed the fifty thousand francs'

income to stand in the name of Maxence Gilet. I told Mademoiselle Brazier that she ought to look to the will

only, and not run the risk of a suit for spoliation, seeing what numerous proofs these transfers in every

direction would give against them. To gain time, I advised Maxence and his mistress to keep quiet, and let

"Protect the Bridaus, for they have nothing," said Monsieur Hochon, who in addition to all other reasons,

could not forgive Gilet the terrors he had endured when fearing the pillage of his house.

Maxence Gilet and Flore Brazier, now secure against all attack, were very merry over the arrival of another

of old Rouget's nephews. They knew they were able, at the first signal of danger, to make the old man sign a

power of attorney under which the money in the Funds could be transferred either to Max or Flore. If the will

leaving Flore the principal, should be revoked, an income of fifty thousand francs was a very tolerable crumb

of comfort,more particularly after squeezing from the real estate that mortgage of a hundred and forty

The day after his arrival, Philippe called upon his uncle about ten o'clock in the morning, anxious to present

himself in his dilapidated clothing. When the convalescent of the Hopital du Midi, the prisoner of the

Luxembourg, entered the room, Flore Brazier felt a shiver pass over her at the repulsive sight. Gilet himself

was conscious of that particular disturbance both of mind and body, by which Nature sometimes warns us of

a latent enmity, or a coming danger. If there was something indescribably sinister in Philippe's countenance,

due to his recent misfortunes, the effect was heightened by his clothes. His forlorn blue greatcoat was

buttoned in military fashion to the throat, for painful reasons; and yet it showed much that it pretended to

conceal. The bottom edges of the trousers, ragged like those of an almshouse beggar, were the sign of abject

poverty. The boots left wet splashes on the floor, as the mud oozed from fissures in the soles. The gray hat,

which the colonel held in his hand, was horribly greasy round the rim. The malacca cane, from which the

polish had long disappeared, must have stood in all the corners of all the cafes in Paris, and poked its

wornout end into many a corruption. Above the velvet collar, rubbed and worn till the frame showed

through it, rose a head like that which Frederick Lemaitre makes up for the last act in "The Life of a

Gambler,"where the exhaustion of a man still in the prime of life is betrayed by the metallic, brassy skin,

discolored as if with verdigris. Such tints are seen on the faces of debauched gamblers who spend their nights

in play: the eyes are sunken in a dusky circle, the lids are reddened rather than red, the brow is menacing

from the wreck and ruin it reveals. Philippe's cheeks, which were sunken and wrinkled, showed signs of the

illness from which he had scarcely recovered. His head was bald, except for a fringe of hair at the back which

ended at the ears. The pure blue of his brilliant eyes had acquired the cold tones of polished steel.

"Goodmorning, uncle," he said, in a hoarse voice. "I am your nephew, Philippe Bridau,a specimen of

how the Bourbons treat a lieutenant colonel, an old soldier of the old army, one who carried the Emperor's

orders at the battle of Montereau. If my coat were to open, I should be put to shame in presence of

Mademoiselle. Well, it is the rule of the game! We hoped to begin it again; we tried it, and we have failed! I

am to reside in your city by the order of the police, with a full pay of sixty francs a month. So the inhabitants

needn't fear that I shall raise the price of provisions! I see you are in good and lovely company."

"No, I thank you, madame," answered Philippe, "I have breakfasted. Besides, I would cut off my hand sooner

than ask a bit of bread or a farthing from my uncle, after the treatment my mother and brother received in this

town. It did not seem proper, however, that I should settle here, in Issoudun, without paying my respects to

him from time to time. You can do what you like," he added, offering the old man his hand, into which

Rouget put his own, which Philippe shook, "whatever you like. I shall have nothing to say against it;

Gilet could look at the lieutenantcolonel as much as he pleased, for Philippe pointedly avoided casting his

eyes in his direction. Max, though the blood boiled in his veins, was too well aware of the importance of

behaving with political prudencewhich occasionally resembles cowardiceto take fire like a young man;

"It wouldn't be right, monsieur," said Flore, "to live on sixty francs a month under the nose of an uncle who

has forty thousand francs a year, and who has already behaved so kindly to Captain Gilet, his natural relation,

"Uncle, I have some pictures to return to you; they are now at Monsieur Hochon's. Will you be kind enough

Saying these last words in a curt tone, lieutenantcolonel Philippe Bridau departed. The tone of his visit

made, if possible, a deeper impression on Flore's mind, and also on that of Max, than the shock they had felt

at the first sight of that horrible campaigner. As soon as Philippe had slammed the door, with the violence of

a disinherited heir, Max and Flore hid behind the windowcurtains to watch him as he crossed the road, to

"Yes; unfortunately there were men like him in the armies of the Emperor; I sent seven to the shades at

"I do hope, Max, that you won't pick a quarrel with that fellow," said Mademoiselle Brazier.

"He was smelling after your moneybags," said Flore, in a peremptory tone. "My advice is that you don't let

"Monsieur," said Gritte, entering the room where the Hochon family were all assembled after breakfast, "here

Philippe made his entrance politely, in the midst of a dead silence caused by general curiosity. Madame

Hochon shuddered from head to foot as she beheld the author of all Agathe's woes and the murderer of good

old Madame Descoings. Adolphine also felt a shock of fear. Baruch and Francois looked at each other in

surprise. Old Hochon kept his self possession, and offered a seat to the son of Madame Bridau.

"I have come, monsieur," said Philippe, "to introduce myself to you; I am forced to consider how I can

Philippe talked about things in general, with perfect propriety. He mentioned the journalist Lousteau, nephew

of the old lady, as a "rara avis," and won her good graces from the moment she heard him say that the name

of Lousteau would become celebrated. He did not hesitate to admit his faults of conduct. To a friendly

admonition which Madame Hochon addressed to him in a low voice, he replied that he had reflected deeply

On a hint from Philippe, Monsieur Hochon went out with him when he took his leave. When the miser and

the soldier reached the boulevard Baron, a place where no one could overhear them, the colonel turned to the

"Monsieur," he said, "if you will be guided by me, we will never speak together of matters and things, or

people either, unless we are walking in the open country, or in places where we cannot be heard. Maitre

Desroches has fully explained to me the influence of the gossip of a little town. Therefore I don't wish you to

be suspected of advising me; though Desroches has told me to ask for your advice, and I beg you not to be

chary of giving it. We have a powerful enemy in our front, and it won't do to neglect any precaution which

may help to defeat him. In the first place, therefore, excuse me if I do not call upon you again. A little

coldness between us will clear you of all suspicion of influencing my conduct. When I want to consult you, I

will pass along the square at halfpast nine, just as you are coming out after breakfast. If you see me carry

my cane on my shoulder, that will mean that we must meetaccidentallyin some open space which you

"I shall succeed, monsieur. First of all, give me the names of the officers of the old army now living in

Issoudun, who have not taken sides with Maxence Gilet; I wish to make their acquaintance."

"Well, there's a captain of the artillery of the Guard, Monsieur Mignonnet, a man about forty years of age,

who was brought up at the Ecole Polytechnique, and lives in a quiet way. He is a very honorable man, and

openly disapproves of Max, whose conduct he considers unworthy of a true soldier."

"There are not many soldiers here of that stripe," resumed Monsieur Hochon; "the only other that I know is

"Yes," replied Monsieur Hochon. "Carpentier was, in 1810, sergeant major in the dragoons; then he rose to

"This Monsieur Carpentier took the place in the mayor's office which Gilet threw up; he is a friend of

"They are going, I think, to establish a mutual insurance agency in Issoudun, for the department of the Cher;

you might get a place in it, but the pay won't be more than fifty francs a month at the outside."

At the end of a week Philippe had a new suit of clothes,coat, waistcoat, and trousers,of good blue

Elbeuf cloth, bought on credit, to be paid for at so much a month; also new boots, buckskin gloves, and a hat.

Giroudeau sent him some linen, with his weapons and a letter for Carpentier, who had formerly served under

Giroudeau. The letter secured him Carpentier's goodwill, and the latter presented him to his friend

Mignonnet as a man of great merit and the highest character. Philippe won the admiration of these worthy

officers by confiding to them a few facts about the late conspiracy, which was, as everybody knows, the last

attempt of the old army against the Bourbons; for the affair of the sergeants at La Rochelle belongs to another

Warned by the fate of the conspiracy of the 19th of August, 1820, and of those of Berton and Caron, the

soldiers of the old army resigned themselves, after their failure in 1822, to await events. This last conspiracy,

which grew out of that of the 19th of August, was really a continuation of the latter, carried on by a better

element. Like its predecessor, it was absolutely unknown to the royal government. Betrayed once more, the

conspirators had the wit to reduce their vast enterprise to the puny proportions of a barrack plot. This

conspiracy, in which several regiments of cavalry, infantry, and artillery were concerned, had its centre in the

north of France. The strong places along the frontier were to be captured at a blow. If success had followed,

the treaties of 1815 would have been broken by a federation with Belgium, which, by a military compact

made among the soldiers, was to withdraw from the Holy Alliance. Two thrones would have been plunged in

a moment into the vortex of this sudden cyclone. Instead of this formidable schemeconcerted by strong

minds and supported by personages of high rankbeing carried out, one small part of it, and that only, was

discovered and brought before the Court of Peers. Philippe Bridau consented to screen the leaders, who

retired the moment the plot was discovered (either by treachery or accident), and from their seats in both

Chambers lent their cooperation to the inquiry only to work for the ultimate success of their purpose at the

To recount this scheme, which, since 1830, the Liberals have openly confessed in all its ramifications, would

trench upon the domain of history and involve too long a digression. This glimpse of it is enough to show the

double part which Philippe Bridau undertook to play. The former staffofficer of the Emperor was to lead a

movement in Paris solely for the purpose of masking the real conspiracy and occupying the mind of the

government at its centre, while the great struggle should burst forth at the north. When the latter miscarried

before discovery, Philippe was ordered to break all links connecting the two plots, and to allow the secrets of

the secondary plot only to become known. For this purpose, his abject misery, to which his state of health and

his clothing bore witness, was amply sufficient to undervalue the character of the conspiracy and reduce its

proportions in the eyes of the authorities. The role was well suited to the precarious position of the

unprincipled gambler. Feeling himself astride of both parties, the crafty Philippe played the saint to the royal

government, all the while retaining the good opinion of the men in high places who were of the other

party,determined to cast in his lot at a later day with whichever side he might then find most to his

These revelations as to the vast bearings of the real conspiracy made Philippe a man of great distinction in the

eyes of Carpentier and Mignonnet, to whom his selfdevotion seemed a statecraft worthy of the palmy days

of the Convention. In a short time the tricky Bonapartist was seen to be on friendly terms with the two

officers, and the consideration they enjoyed in the town was, of course, shared by him. He soon obtained,

through their recommendation, the situation in the insurance office that old Hochon had suggested, which

required only three hours of his day. Mignonnet and Carpentier put him up at their club, where his good

manners and bearing, in keeping with the high opinion which the two officers expressed about him, won him

Philippe, whose conduct was carefully considered and planned, had indeed made many reflections while in

prison as to the inconveniences of leading a debauched life. He did not need Desroches's lecture to

understand the necessity of conciliating the people at Issoudun by decent, sober, and respectable conduct.

Delighted to attract Max's ridicule by behaving with the propriety of a Mignonnet, he went further, and

endeavored to lull Gilet's suspicions by deceiving him as to his real character. He was bent on being taken for

a fool by appearing generous and disinterested; all the while drawing a net around his adversary, and keeping

his eye on his uncle's property. His mother and brother, on the contrary, who were really disinterested,

generous, and lofty, had been accused of greed because they had acted with straightforward simplicity.

Philippe's covetousness was fully roused by Monsieur Hochon, who gave him all the details of his uncle's

property. In the first secret conversation which he held with the octogenarian, they agreed that Philippe must

not awaken Max's suspicions; for the game would be lost if Flore and Max were to carry off their victim,

Once a week the colonel dined with Mignonnet; another day with Carpentier; and every Thursday with

Monsieur Hochon. At the end of three weeks he received other invitations for the remaining days, so that he

had little more than his breakfast to provide. He never spoke of his uncle, nor of the Rabouilleuse, nor of

Gilet, unless it were in connection with his mother and his brother's stay in Issoudun. The three officersthe

only soldiers in the town who were decorated, and among whom Philippe had the advantage of the rosette,

which in the eyes of all provincials gave him a marked superioritytook a habit of walking together every

day before dinner, keeping, as the saying is, to themselves. This reserve and tranquillity of demeanor had an

excellent effect on Issoudun. All Max's adherents thought Philippe a "sabreur,"an expression applied by

soldiers to the commonest sort of courage in their superior officers, while denying that they possess the

"Bah!" replied Gilet, "his behavior before the Court of Peers proves him to have been either a dupe or a spy;

After obtaining his situation, Philippe, who was well informed as to the gossip of the town, wished to conceal

certain circumstances of his present life as much as possible from the knowledge of the inhabitants; he

therefore went to live in a house at the farther end of the faubourg SaintPaterne, to which was attached a

large garden. Here he was able in the utmost secrecy to fence with Carpentier, who had been a

fencingmaster in the infantry before entering the cavalry. Philippe soon recovered his early dexterity, and

learned other and new secrets from Carpentier, which convinced him that he need not fear the prowess of any

adversary. This done, he began openly to practise with pistols, with Mignonnet and Carpentier, declaring it

was for amusement, but really intending to make Max believe that, in case of a duel, he should rely on that

weapon. Whenever Philippe met Gilet he waited for him to bow first, and answered the salutation by

touching the brim of his hat cavalierly, as an officer acknowledges the salute of a private. Maxence Gilet

gave no sign of impatience or displeasure; he never uttered a single word about Bridau at the Cognettes'

where he still gave suppers; although, since Fario's attack, the pranks of the Order of Idleness were

After a while, however, the contempt shown by Lieutenantcolonel Bridau for the former cavalry captain,

Gilet, was a settled fact, which certain Knights of Idleness, who were less bound to Max than Francois,

Baruch, and three or four others, discussed among themselves. They were much surprised to see the violent

and fiery Max behave with such discretion. No one in Issoudun, not even Potel or Renard, dared broach so

delicate a subject with him. Potel, somewhat disturbed by this open misunderstanding between two heroes of

the Imperial Guard, suggested that Max might be laying a net for the colonel; he asserted that some new

scheme might be looked for from the man who had got rid of the mother and one brother by making use of

Fario's attack upon him, the particulars of which were now no longer a mystery. Monsieur Hochon had taken

care to reveal the truth of Max's atrocious accusation to the best people of the town. Thus it happened that in

talking over the situation of the lieutenantcolonel in relation to Max, and in trying to guess what might

spring from their antagonism, the whole town regarded the two men, from the start, as adversaries.

Philippe, who had carefully investigated all the circumstances of his brother's arrest and the antecedents of

Gilet and the Rabouilleuse, was finally brought into rather close relations with Fario, who lived near him.

After studying the Spaniard, Philippe thought he might trust a man of that quality. The two found their hatred

so firm a bond of union, that Fario put himself at Philippe's disposal, and related all that he knew about the

Knights of Idleness. Philippe promised, in case he succeeded in obtaining over his uncle the power now

exercised by Gilet, to indemnify Fario for his losses; this bait made the Spaniard his henchman. Maxence was

now face to face with a dangerous foe; he had, as they say in those parts, some one to handle. Roused by

much gossip and various rumors, the town of Issoudun expected a mortal combat between the two men, who,

One morning, toward the end of November, Philippe met Monsieur Hochon about twelve o'clock, in the long

"I have discovered that your grandsons Baruch and Francois are the intimate friends of Maxence Gilet. The

rascals are mixed up in all the pranks that are played about this town at night. It was through them that

Maxence knew what was said in your house when my mother and brother were staying there."

"I overheard their conversation one night as they were leaving a drinkingshop. Your grandsons both owe

Max more than three thousand francs. The scoundrel told the lads to try and find out our intentions; he

reminded them that you had once thought of getting round my uncle by priestcraft, and declared that nobody

but you could guide me; for he thinks, fortunately, that I am nothing more than a 'sabreur.'"

"Watch them," said Philippe. "You will see them coming home along the place SaintJean, at two or three

"Fario has told me all about their nocturnal proceedings," resumed Philippe; "without him, I should never

have suspected them. My uncle is held down under an absolute thraldom, if I may judge by certain things

which the Spaniard has heard Max say to your boys. I suspect Max and the Rabouilleuse of a scheme to make

sure of the fifty thousand francs' income from the Funds, and then, after pulling that feather from their

pigeon's wing, to run away, I don't know where, and get married. It is high time to know what is going on

Never, at any time in his life, did JeanJacques suffer as he had done since the first visit of his nephew

Philippe. Flore was terrified by the presentiment of some evil that threatened Max. Weary of her master, and

fearing that he might live to be very old, since he was able to bear up under their criminal practices, she

formed the very simple plan of leaving Issoudun and being married to Maxence in Paris, after obtaining from

JeanJacques the transfer of the income in the Funds. The old bachelor, guided, not by any justice to his

family, nor by personal avarice, but solely by his passion, steadily refused to make the transfer, on the ground

that Flore was to be his sole heir. The unhappy creature knew to what extent Flore loved Max, and he

believed he would be abandoned the moment she was made rich enough to marry. When Flore, after

employing the tenderest cajoleries, was unable to succeed, she tried rigor; she no longer spoke to her master;

Vedie was sent to wait upon him, and found him in the morning with his eyes swollen and red with weeping.

For a week or more, poor Rouget had breakfasted alone, and Heaven knows on what food!

The day after Philippe's conversation with Monsieur Hochon, he determined to pay a second visit to his

uncle, whom he found much changed. Flore stayed beside the old man, speaking tenderly and looking at him

with much affection; she played the comedy so well that Philippe guessed some immediate danger, merely

from the solicitude thus displayed in his presence. Gilet, whose policy it was to avoid all collision with

Philippe, did not appear. After watching his uncle and Flore for a time with a discerning eye, the colonel

"Oh! don't go yet," cried the old man, who was comforted by Flore's false tenderness. "Dine with us,

"Monsieur is very feeble," interposed Mademoiselle Brazier; "just now he was unwilling even to go out in the

carriage," she added, turning upon the old man the fixed look with which keepers quell a maniac.

Philippe took Flore by the arm, compelling her to look at him, and looking at her in return as fixedly as she

"Tell me, mademoiselle," he said, "is it a fact that my uncle is not free to take a walk with me?"

"Why, yes he is, monsieur," replied Flore, who was unable to make any other answer.

"Yes, let us take the carriage," cried the old man, in his anxiety to make his two tyrants agree.

"Uncle, you will come with me, alone, and on foot, or I shall never return here; I shall know that the town of

Issoudun tells the truth, when it declares you are under the dominion of Mademoiselle Flore Brazier. That my

uncle should love you, is all very well," he resumed, holding Flore with a fixed eye; "that you should not love

my uncle is also on the cards; but when it comes to your making him unhappyhalt! If people want to get

Philippe saw the eyes of the poor imbecile roving from himself to Flore, in painful hesitation.

"Ha! that's how it is, is it?" resumed the lieutenantcolonel. "Well, adieu, uncle. Mademoiselle, I kiss your

He turned quickly when he reached the door, and caught Flore in the act of making a menacing gesture at his

"Uncle," he said, "if you wish to go with me, I will meet you at your door in ten minutes: I am now going to

see Monsieur Hochon. If you and I do not take that walk, I shall take upon myself to make some others

Every one can imagine the scenes which the revelations made by Philippe to Monsieur Hochon had brought

about within that family. At nine o'clock, old Monsieur Heron, the notary, presented himself with a bundle of

papers, and found a fire in the hall which the old miser, contrary to all his habits, had ordered to be lighted.

Madame Hochon, already dressed at this unusual hour, was sitting in her armchair at the corner of the

fireplace. The two grandsons, warned the night before by Adolphine that a storm was gathering about their

heads, had been ordered to stay in the house. Summoned now by Gritte, they were alarmed at the formal

preparations of their grandparents, whose coldness and anger they had been made to feel in the air for the last

"Don't rise for them," said their grandfather to Monsieur Heron; "you see before you two miscreants,

"Be silent!" said the old man sternly. "I know of your nocturnal life and your intimacy with Monsieur

Maxence Gilet. But you will meet him no more at Mere Cognette's at one in the morning; for you will not

leave this house, either of you, until you go to your respective destinations. Ha! it was you who ruined Fario,

was it? you, who have narrowly escaped the policecourts Hold your tongue!" he said, seeing that Baruch

was about to speak. "You both owe money to Monsieur Maxence Gilet; who, for six years, has paid for your

debauchery. Listen, both of you, to my guardianship accounts; after that, I shall have more to say. You will

see, after these papers are read, whether you can still trifle with me,still trifle with family laws by

betraying the secrets of this house, and reporting to a Monsieur Maxence Gilet what is said and what is done

here. For three thousand francs, you became spies; for ten thousand, you would, no doubt, become assassins.

You did almost kill Madame Bridau; for Monsieur Gilet knew very well it was Fario who stabbed him when

he threw the crime upon my guest, Monsieur Joseph Bridau. If that jailbird did so wicked an act, it was

because you told him what Madame Bridau meant to do. You, my grandsons, the spies of such a man! You,

housebreakers and marauders! Don't you know that your worthy leader killed a poor young woman, in

1806? I will not have assassins and thieves in my family. Pack your things; you shall go hang elsewhere!"

The old notary read the guardianship accounts; from which it appeared that the net fortune of the two

Borniche children amounted to seventy thousand francs, a sum derived from the dowry of their mother: but

Monsieur Hochon had lent his daughter various large sums, and was now, as creditor, the owner of a part of

the property of his Borniche grandchildren. The portion coming to Baruch amounted to only twenty thousand

"Now you are rich," said the old man, "take your money, and go. I remain master of my own property and

that of Madame Hochon, who in this matter shares all my intentions, and I shall give it to whom I choose;

namely, our dear Adolphine. Yes, we can marry her if we please to the son of a peer of France, for she will be

"Let my hardsaved money go to a scapegrace like you? no, indeed!" cried Monsieur Hochon.

"'Forgive, and I won't do it again,'" sneered the old man, imitating a child's voice. "If I were to forgive you,

and let you out of this house, you would go and tell Monsieur Maxence what has happened, and warn him to

be on his guard. No, no, my little men. I shall keep my eye on you, and I have means of knowing what you

do. As you behave, so shall I behave to you. It will be by a long course of good conduct, not that of a day or a

month, but of years, that I shall judge you. I am strong on my legs, my eyes are good, my health is sound; I

hope to live long enough to see what road you take. Your first move will be to Paris, where you will study

banking under Messieurs Mongenod and Sons. Illluck to you if you don't walk straight; you will be

watched. Your property is in the hand of Messieurs Mongenod; here is a cheque for the amount. Now then,

release me as guardian, and sign the accounts, and also this receipt," he added, taking the papers from

"As for you, Francois Hochon, you owe me money instead of having any to receive," said the old man,

looking at his other grandson. "Monsieur Heron, read his account; it is all clearperfectly clear."

"You will have six hundred francs a year, and with that you will go to Poitiers and study law," said the

grandfather, when the notary had finished. "I had a fine life in prospect for you; but now, you must earn your

living as a lawyer. Ah! my young rascals, you have deceived me for six years; you now know it has taken me

Just as old Monsieur Heron was preparing to leave with the signed papers, Gritte announced Colonel Bridau.

Madame Hochon left the room, taking her grandsons with her, that she might, as old Hochon said, confess

Philippe and the old man stood in the embrasure of a window and spoke in low tones.

"I have been reflecting on the state of your affairs over there," said Monsieur Hochon pointing to the Rouget

house. "I have just had a talk with Monsieur Heron. The security for the fifty thousand francs a year from the

property in the Funds cannot be sold unless by the owner himself or some one with a power of attorney from

him. Now, since your arrival here, your uncle has not signed any such power before any notary; and, as he

has not left Issoudun, he can't have signed one elsewhere. If he attempts to give a power of attorney here, we

shall know it instantly; if he goes away to give one, we shall also know it, for it will have to be registered,

and that excellent Heron has means of finding it out. Therefore, if Rouget leaves Issoudun, have him

followed, learn where he goes, and we will find a way to discover what he does."

"The power of attorney has not been given," said Philippe; "they are trying to get it;

buttheywillnotsucceed" added the vagabond, whose eye just then caught sight of his uncle

on the steps of the opposite house: he pointed him out to Monsieur Hochon, and related succinctly the

"Maxence is afraid of me, but he can't evade me. Mignonnet says that all the officers of the old army who are

in Issoudun give a yearly banquet on the anniversary of the Emperor's coronation; so Maxence Gilet and I are

"If he gets a power of attorney by the morning of the first of December," said Hochon, "he might take the

"Very good. The first thing is, then, to get possession of my uncle; I've an eye that cows a fool," said

Philippe, giving Monsieur Hochon an atrocious glance that made the old man tremble.

"If they let him walk with you, Maxence must believe he has found some means to win the game," remarked

"Oh! Fario is on the watch," said Philippe, "and he is not alone. That Spaniard has discovered one of my old

soldiers in the neighborhood of Vatan, a man I once did some service to. Without any one's suspecting it,

Benjamin Bourdet is under Fario's orders, who has lent him a horse to get about with."

"If you kill that monster who has corrupted my grandsons, I shall say you have done a good deed."

"Thanks to me, the town of Issoudun now knows what Monsieur Maxence Gilet has been doing at night for

the last six years," replied Philippe; "and the cackle, as you call it here, is now started on him. Morally his

The moment Philippe left his uncle's house Flore went to Max's room to tell him every particular of the

"Before trying the last means,which will be to fight that big reprobate," replied Maxence, "we must play

double or quits, and try our grand stroke. Let the old idiot go with his nephew."

"But that big brute won't mince matters," remonstrated Flore; "he'll call things by their right names."

"Listen to me," said Maxence in a harsh voice. "Do you think I've not kept my ears open, and reflected about

how we stand? Send to Pere Cognette for a horse and a charabanc, and say we want them instantly: they

must be here in five minutes. Pack all your belongings, take Vedie, and go to Vatan. Settle yourself there as if

you mean to stay; carry off the twenty thousand francs in gold which the old fellow has got in his drawer. If I

bring him to you in Vatan, you are to refuse to come back here unless he signs the power of attorney. As soon

as we get it I'll slip off to Paris, while you're returning to Issoudun. When JeanJacques gets back from his

walk and finds you gone, he'll go beside himself, and want to follow you. Well! when he does, I'll give him a

While the foregoing plot was progressing, Philippe was walking arm in arm with his uncle along the

"The two great tacticians are coming to close quarters at last," thought Monsieur Hochon as he watched the

colonel marching off with his uncle; "I am curious to see the end of the game, and what becomes of the stake

"My dear uncle," said Philippe, whose phraseology had a flavor of his affinities in Paris, "you love this girl,

and you are devilishly right. She is damnably handsome! Instead of billing and cooing she makes you trot

like a valet; well, that's all simple enough; but she wants to see you six feet underground, so that she may

"Well, I have sworn by the soul of my mother, who is your own sister," continued Philippe, "to make your

Rabouilleuse as supple as my glove, and the same as she was before that scoundrel, who is unworthy to have

"It is very easy," answered Philippe, cutting his uncle short. "I'll kill Max as I would a dog; buton one

"Don't sign that power of attorney which they want of you before the third of December; put them off till

then. Your torturers only want it to enable them to sell the fifty thousand a year you have in the Funds, so that

they may run off to Paris and pay for their wedding festivities out of your millions."

"Well, whatever they may say or do to you, put off giving that power of attorney until next week."

"Yes; but when Flore talks to me she stirs my very soul, till I don't know what I do. I give you my word,

when she looks at me in a certain way, her blue eyes seem like paradise, and I am no longer master of

"Well, whether she is sweet or sour, don't do more than promise to sign the paper, and let me know the night

before you are going to do it. That will answer. Maxence shall not be your proxy unless he first kills me. If I

kill him, you must agree to take me in his place, and I'll undertake to break in that handsome girl and keep her

at your beck and call. Yes, Flore shall love you, and if she doesn't satisfy youthunder! I'll thrash her."

"But it is the only way to govern women and horses. A man makes himself feared, or loved, or respected.

Now that is what I wanted to whisper in your earGoodmorning, gentlemen," he said to Mignonnet and

Carpentier, who came up at the moment; "I am taking my uncle for a walk, as you see, and trying to improve

him; for we are in an age when children are obliged to educate their grandparents."

"You behold in my dear uncle the effects of an unhappy passion. Those two want to strip him of his fortune

and leave him in the lurchyou know to whom I refer? He sees the plot; but he hasn't the courage to give up

"Gentlemen," he remarked, in conclusion, "you see there are no two ways of saving him: either Colonel

Bridau must kill Captain Gilet, or Captain Gilet must kill Colonel Bridau. We celebrate the Emperor's

coronation on the day after tomorrow; I rely upon you to arrange the seats at the banquet so that I shall sit

"We will appoint you to preside, and sit ourselves on either side of you. Max, as vicepresident, will of

"Oh! the scoundrel will have Potel and Renard with him," said Carpentier. "In spite of all that Issoudun now

knows and says of his midnight maraudings, those two worthy officers, who have already been his seconds,

"You see how it all maps out, uncle," said Philippe. "Therefore, sign no paper before the third of December;

the next day you shall be free, happy, and beloved by Flore, without having to coax for it."

"You don't know him, Philippe," said the terrified old man. "Maxence has killed nine men in duels."

"Yes; but ninety thousand francs a year didn't depend on it," answered Philippe.

"In a few days from now," resumed Philippe, "you and the Rabouilleuse will be living together as sweet as

honey,that is, after she gets through mourning. At first she'll twist like a worm, and yelp, and weep; but

The two soldiers approved of Philippe's arguments, and tried to hearten up old Rouget, with whom they

walked about for nearly two hours. At last Philippe took his uncle home, saying as they parted:

"Don't take any steps without me. I know women. I have paid for one, who cost me far more than Flore can

ever cost you. But she taught me how to behave to the fair sex for the rest of my days. Women are bad

children; they are inferior animals to men; we must make them fear us; the worst condition in the world is to

It was about halfpast two in the afternoon when the old man got home. Kouski opened the door in

The blow was so violent that Rouget sat down on the stairs, unable to stand. A moment after, he rose, looked

about the hall, into the kitchen, went up to his own room, searched all the chambers, and returned to the

Gilet thought it politic to be seen sauntering about the town. By leaving the old man alone with his despair,

he knew he should make him feel his desertion the more keenly, and reduce him to docility. To keep Philippe

from assisting his uncle at this crisis, he had given Kouski strict orders not to open the door to any one. Flore

away, the miserable old man grew frantic, and the situation of things approached a crisis. During his walk

through the town, Maxence Gilet was avoided by many persons who a day or two earlier would have

hastened to shake hands with him. A general reaction had set in against him. The deeds of the Knights of

Idleness were ringing on every tongue. The tale of Joseph Bridau's arrest, now cleared up, disgraced Max in

the eyes of all; and his life and conduct received in one day their just award. Gilet met Captain Potel, who

"My dear fellow, the Imperial Guard is being blackguarded all over the town! These civilians are crying you

Potel belonged to the same class as the officer who replied to the burgomasters: "Eh! your town will be paid

for, if we do burn it!" So he was very little troubled about the deeds of the Order of Idleness.

"The Guard is against the Guard. It is that that breaks my heart. Bridau has set all these bourgeois on you.

The Guard against the Guard! no, it ought not to be! You can't back down, Max; you must meet Bridau. I had

a great mind to pick a quarrel with the low scoundrel myself and send him to the shades; I wish I had, and

then the bourgeois wouldn't have seen the spectacle of the Guard against the Guard. In war times, I don't say

anything against it. Two heroes of the Guard may quarrel, and fight,but at least there are no civilians to

look on and sneer. No, I say that big villain never served in the Guard. A guardsman would never behave as

he does to another guardsman, under the very eyes of the bourgeois; impossible! Ah! it's all wrong; the Guard

"Come, Potel, don't worry yourself," answered Max; "even if you do not see me at the banquet"

"What! do you mean that you won't be there the day after tomorrow?" cried Potel, interrupting his friend.

"Do you wish to be called a coward? and have it said you are running away from Bridau? No, no! The

unmounted grenadiers of the Guard can not draw back before the dragoons of the Guard. Arrange your

"One more to send to the shades!" said Max. "Well, I think I can manage my business so as to get

thereFor," he thought to himself, "that power of attorney ought not to be in my name; as old Heron says, it

This lion, tangled in the meshes Philippe Bridau was weaving for him, muttered between his teeth as he went

along; he avoided the looks of those he met and returned home by the boulevard Vilatte, still talking to

"I will have that money before I fight," he said. "If I die, it shall not go to Philippe. I must put it in Flore's

name. She will follow my instructions, and go straight to Paris. Once there, she can marry, if she chooses, the

son of some marshal of France who has been sent to the rightabout. I'll have that power of attorney made in

Max, to do him justice, was never more cool and calm in appearance than when his blood and his ideas were

boiling. No man ever united in a higher degree the qualities which make a great general. If his career had not

been cut short by his captivity at Cabrera, the Emperor would certainly have found him one of those men who

are necessary to the success of vast enterprises. When he entered the room where the hapless victim of all

these comic and tragic scenes was still weeping, Max asked the meaning of such distress; seemed surprised,

pretended that he knew nothing, and heard, with wellacted amazement, of Flore's departure. He questioned

"Madame said like this," Kouski replied, "that I was to tell monsieur she had taken twenty thousand francs

in gold from his drawer, thinking that monsieur wouldn't refuse her that amount as wages for the last

"Yes," replied Kouski. "Ah! I shall never come back," she said to Vedie as she drove away. "Poor Vedie, who

is so attached to monsieur, remonstrated with madame. 'No, no,' she answered, 'he has no affection for me; he

lets his nephew treat me like the lowest of the low'; and she weptoh! bitterly."

"Eh! what do I care for Philippe?" cried the old man, whom Max was watching. "Where is Flore? how can we

"Philippe?" said the old man, "what has he to do with the poor child? There is no one but you, my good Max,

"As for that," cried Rouget, "if that hinders you, he told me he meant to kill you."

"Some one must have seen her as she passed through the town," said Maxence to Kouski. "Serve dinner; put

everything on the table, and then go and make inquiries from place to place. Let us know, by dessert, which

This order quieted for a time the poor creature, who was moaning like a child that has lost its nurse. At this

moment Rouget, who hated Max, thought his tormentor an angel. A passion like that of this miserable old

man for Flore is astonishingly like the emotions of childhood. At six o'clock, the Pole, who had merely taken

"Would you like to go to Vatan tonight?" said Max. "The road is bad, but Kouski knows how to drive, and

"Put the horse in quietly," said Max to Kouski; "manage, if you can, that the town shall not know of this

nonsense, for Monsieur Rouget's sake. Saddle my horse," he added in a whisper. "I will ride on ahead of

Monsieur Hochon had already notified Philippe of Flore's departure; and the colonel rose from Monsieur

Mignonnet's dinnertable to rush to the place SaintJean; for he at once guessed the meaning of this clever

strategy. When Philippe presented himself at his uncle's house, Kouski answered through a window that

"Fario," said Philippe to the Spaniard, who was stationed in the GrandeNarette, "go and tell Benjamin to

mount his horse; it is all important that I shall know what Gilet does with my uncle."

"They are now putting the horse into the caleche," said Fario, who had been watching the Rouget stable.

"If they go towards Vatan," answered Philippe, "get me another horse, and come yourself with Benjamin to

"What do you mean to do?" asked Monsieur Hochon, who had come out of his own house when he saw

"The genius of a general, my dear Monsieur Hochon," said Philippe, "consists not only in carefully observing

the enemy's movements, but also in guessing his intentions from those movements, and in modifying his own

plan whenever the enemy interferes with it by some unexpected action. Now, if my uncle and Max drive out

together, they are going to Vatan; Maxence will have promised to reconcile him with Flore, who "fugit ad

salices,"the manoeuvre is General Virgil's. If that's the line they take, I don't yet know what I shall do; I

shall have some hours to think it over, for my uncle can't sign a power of attorney at ten o'clock at night; the

notaries will all be in bed. If, as I rather fancy, Max goes on in advance of my uncle to teach Flore her

lesson, which seems necessary and probable,the rogue is lost! you will see the sort of revenge we old

soldiers take in a game of this kind. Now, as I need a helper for this last stroke, I must go back to Mignonnet's

Shaking hands with Monsieur Hochon, Philippe went off down the Petite Narette to Mignonnet's house. Ten

minutes later, Monsieur Hochon saw Max ride off at a quick trot; and the old miser's curiosity was so

powerfully excited that he remained standing at his window, eagerly expecting to hear the wheels of the old

demifortune, which was not long in coming. JeanJacques's impatience made him follow Max within

twenty minutes. Kouski, no doubt under orders from his master, walked the horse through the town.

At this moment, a lad from the faubourg de Rome came to the Hochon house with a letter for Baruch. The

two grandsons, much subdued by the events of the morning, had kept their rooms of their own accord during

the day. Thinking over their prospects, they saw plainly that they had better be cautious with their

grandparents. Baruch knew very well the influence which his grandfather Hochon exerted over his

grandfather and grandmother Borniche: Monsieur Hochon would not hesitate to get their property for

Adolphine if his conduct were such as to make them pin their hopes on the grand marriage with which his

grandfather had threatened him that morning. Being richer than Francois, Baruch had the most to lose; he

therefore counselled an absolute surrender, with no other condition than the payment of their debt to Max. As

for Francois, his future was entirely in the hands of his grandfather; he had no expectations except from him,

and by the guardianship account, he was now his debtor. The two young men accordingly gave solemn

promises of amendment, prompted by their imperilled interests, and by the hope Madame Hochon held out,

"You have done very wrong," she said to them; "repair it by future good conduct, and Monsieur Hochon will

So, when Francois had read the letter which had been brought for Baruch, over the latter's shoulder, he

My dear Friend,I hope you will not hesitate, under the serious circumstances in which I find myself, to do

me the service of receiving a power of attorney from Monsieur Rouget. Be at Vatan tomorrow morning at

nine o'clock. I shall probably send you to Paris, but don't be uneasy; I will furnish you with money for the

journey, and join you there immediately. I am almost sure I shall be obliged to leave Issoudun, December

"God be praised!" exclaimed Monsieur Hochon; "the property of that old idiot is saved from the claws of the

"It will be if you say so," said Madame Hochon; "and I thank God,who has no doubt heard my prayers.

"You must go to Vatan, and accept the power of attorney from Monsieur Rouget," said the old man to

Baruch. "Their object is to get fifty thousand francs a year transferred to Mademoiselle Brazier. They will

send you to Paris, and you must seem to go; but you are to stop at Orleans, and wait there till you hear from

me. Let no onenot a soul know where you lodge; go to the first inn you come to in the faubourg

"Look here!" cried Francois, who had rushed to the window at the sudden noise of wheels in the

GrandeNarette. "Here's something new! Pere Rouget and Colonel Bridau coming back together in the

"I'll go over," cried Monsieur Hochon, whose curiosity carried the day over every other feeling.

Monsieur Hochon found old Rouget in his bedroom, writing the following letter at his nephew's dictation:

Mademoiselle,If you do not start to return here the moment you receive this letter, your conduct will show

such ingratitude for all my goodness that I shall revoke the will I have made in your favor, and give my

property to my nephew Philippe. You will understand that Monsieur Gilet can no longer be my guest after

staying with you at Vatan. I send this letter by Captain Carpentier, who will put it into your own hands. I

hope you will listen to his advice; he will speak to you with authority from me. Your affectionate

"Captain Carpentier and I MET my uncle, who was so foolish as to follow Mademoiselle Brazier and

Monsieur Gilet to Vatan," said Philippe, with sarcastic emphasis, to Monsieur Hochon. "I have made my

uncle see that he was running his head into a noose; for that girl will abandon him the moment she gets him

to sign a power of attorney, by which they mean to obtain the income of his money in the Funds. That letter

will bring her back under his roof, the handsome runaway! this very night, or I'm mistaken. I promise to make

her as pliable as a bit of whalebone for the rest of her days, if my uncle allows me to take Maxence Gilet's

place; which, in my opinion, he ought never to have had in the first place. Am I not right?and yet here's

"Neighbor," said Monsieur Hochon, "you have taken the best means to get peace in your household. Destroy

"No, she will never forgive me for what I have made her suffer," whimpered the old man; "she will no longer

"Come, open your eyes!" exclaimed Monsieur Hochon. "They mean to rob you and abandon you."

"See, here is a letter Maxence has written to my grandson Borniche," said old Hochon. "Read it."

"What infamy!" exclaimed Carpentier, as he listened to the letter, which Rouget read aloud, weeping.

"Is that plain enough, uncle?" demanded Philippe. "Hold that hussy by her interests and she'll adore you as

"But, uncle, Maxence or I,one or the other of uswon't leave our footsteps in the dust of Issoudun three

"Well then go, Monsieur Carpentier," said Rouget; "if you promise me to bring her back, go! You are a good

"Captain Carpentier will whisper in her ear that I have sent to Paris for a woman whose youth and beauty are

The captain departed, driving himself in the old caleche; Benjamin accompanied him on horseback, for

Kouski was nowhere to be found. Though threatened by the officers with arrest and the loss of his situation,

the Pole had gone to Vatan on a hired horse, to warn Max and Flore of the adversary's move. After fulfilling

his mission, Carpentier, who did not wish to drive back with Flore, was to change places with Benjamin, and

When Philippe was told of Kouski's flight he said to Benjamin, "You will take the Pole's place, from this time

on. It is all mapping out, papa Hochon!" cried the lieutenantcolonel. "That banquet will be jovial!"

"I have told Fario to send me all my things," answered Philippe. "I shall sleep in the room adjoining Gilet's

"Mademoiselle Flore Brazier is coming, gentle as a paschal lamb," replied Monsieur Hochon.

"It is now seven o'clock," said Philippe; "the sovereign of your heart will be here at halfpast eleven: you'll

never see Gilet again, and you will be as happy ever after as a pope.If you want me to succeed," he

whispered to Monsieur Hochon, "stay here till the hussy comes; you can help me in keeping the old man up

to his resolution; and, together, we'll make that crabgirl see on which side her bread is buttered."

Monsieur Hochon felt the reasonableness of the request and stayed: but they had their hands full, for old

Rouget gave way to childish lamentations, which were only quieted by Philippe's repeating over and over a

"Uncle, you will see that I am right when Flore returns to you as tender as ever. You shall be petted; you will

save your property: be guided by my advice, and you'll live in paradise for the rest of your days."

When, about halfpast eleven, wheels were heard in the GrandeNarette, the question was, whether the

carriage were returning full or empty. Rouget's face wore an expression of agony, which changed to the

prostration of excessive joy when he saw the two women, as the carriage turned to enter the courtyard.

"Kouski," said Philippe, giving a hand to Flore to help her down. "You are no longer in Monsieur Rouget's

service. You will not sleep here tonight; get your things together, and go. Benjamin takes your place."

"With your permission," replied Philippe, squeezing her hand as if in a vice. "Come! we must have an

understanding, you and I"; and he led the bewildered woman out into the place SaintJean.

"My fine lady," began the old campaigner, stretching out his right hand, "three days hence, Maxence Gilet

will be sent to the shades by that arm, or his will have taken me off guard. If I die, you will be the mistress of

my poor imbecile uncle; 'bene sit.' If I remain on my pins, you'll have to walk straight, and keep him supplied

with first class happiness. If you don't, I know girls in Paris who are, with all due respect, much prettier than

you; for they are only seventeen years old: they would make my uncle excessively happy, and they are in my

interests. Begin your attentions this very evening; if the old man is not as gay as a lark tomorrow morning, I

have only a word to say to you; it is this, pay attention to it,there is but one way to kill a man without the

interference of the law, and that is to fight a duel with him; but I know three ways to get rid of a woman:

Old Rouget, turning a deaf ear to Monsieur Hochon's remonstrances, now came out into the street, and took

Flore by the hand, as a miser might have grasped his treasure; he drew her back to the house and into his own

"This is SaintLambert's day, and he who deserts his place, loses it," remarked Benjamin to the Pole.

"My master will shut your mouth for you," answered Kouski, departing to join Max who established himself

On the morrow, between nine and eleven o'clock, all the women talked to each other from door to door

throughout the town. The story of the wonderful change in the Rouget household spread everywhere. The

Philippe said but few words to the Vedie,"Six hundred francs' annuity, or dismissal." They were enough,

however, to keep her neutral, for a time, between the two great powers, Philippe and Flore.

Knowing Max's life to be in danger, Flore became more affectionate to Rouget than in the first days of their

alliance. Alas! in love, a selfinterested devotion is sometimes more agreeable than a truthful one; and that is

why many men pay so much for clever deceivers. The Rabouilleuse did not appear till the next morning,

when she came down to breakfast with Rouget on her arm. Tears filled her eyes as she beheld, sitting in

Max's place, the terrible adversary, with his sombre blue eyes, and the cold, sinister expression on his face.

"What is the matter, mademoiselle?" he said, after wishing his uncle goodmorning.

"I have not the slightest desire to kill Gilet," answered Philippe. "He need only take himself off from

Issoudun and go to America on a venture. I should be the first to advise you to give him an outfit, and to wish

him a safe voyage. He would soon make a fortune there, and that is far more honorable than turning Issoudun

"It is better to kick his legs about in a free country than have them rot in a pine box in France. However,

perhaps you think he is a good shot, and can kill me; it's on the cards," observed the colonel.

"Will you let me speak to him?" said Flore, imploring Philippe in a humble and submissive tone.

"Certainly; he can come here and pack up his things. I will stay with my uncle during that time; for I shall not

"Vedie," cried Flore, "run to the hotel, and tell Monsieur Gilet that I beg him"

Terror controlled her hatred; and the shock which her whole being experienced when she first encountered

this strong and pitiless nature was now so overwhelming that she bowed before Philippe just as Rouget had

been in the habit of bending before her. She anxiously awaited Vedie's return. The woman brought a formal

refusal from Max, who requested Mademoiselle Brazier to send his things to the hotel de la Poste.

"If Mademoiselle is not back by midday, you will give me a power of attorney to attend to your property,"

said Philippe, looking at Flore. "Take Vedie with you, to save appearances, mademoiselle. In future you are

Flore could get nothing out of Max. Desperate at having allowed himself, before the eyes of the whole town,

to be routed out of his shameless position, Gilet was too proud to run away from Philippe. The Rabouilleuse

combated this objection, and proposed that they should fly together to America; but Max, who did not want

Flore without her money, and yet did not wish the girl to see the bottom of his heart, insisted on his intention

"We have committed a monstrous folly," he said. "We ought all three to have gone to Paris and spent the

winter there; but how could one guess, from the mere sight of that fellow's big carcass, that things would turn

out as they have? The turn of events is enough to make one giddy! I took the colonel for one of those

fireeaters who haven't two ideas in their head; that was the blunder I made. As I didn't have the sense to

double like a hare in the beginning, I'll not be such a coward as to back down before him. He has lowered me

in the estimation of this town, and I cannot get back what I have lost unless I kill him."

"Go to America with forty thousand francs. I'll find a way to get rid of that scoundrel, and join you. It would

"What would people say of me?" he exclaimed. "No; I have buried nine already. The fellow doesn't seem as

if he knew much; he went from school to the army, and there he was always fighting till 1815; then he went

to America, and I doubt if the brute ever set foot in a fencingalley; while I have no match with the sabre.

The sabre is his arm; I shall seem very generous in offering it to him,for I mean, if possible, to let him

insult me,and I can easily run him through. Unquestionably, it is my wisest course. Don't be uneasy; we

That it was that a stupid point of honor had more influence over Max than sound policy. When Flore got

home she shut herself up to cry at ease. During the whole of that day gossip ran wild in Issoudun, and the

"Ah! Monsieur Hochon," said Mignonnet, who, accompanied by Carpentier, met the old man on the

"Never mind," said the old provincial diplomatist; "Philippe has managed this thing well from the beginning.

I should never have thought that big, easygoing fellow would have succeeded as he has. The two have rolled

"Oh!" said Carpentier, "Philippe is a remarkable man. His conduct before the Court of Peers was a

"Well, Captain Renard," said one of the townsfolk to Max's friend. "They say wolves don't devour each other,

but it seems that Max is going to set his teeth in Colonel Bridau. That's pretty serious among you gentlemen

"You make fun of it, do you? Because the poor fellow amused himself a little at night, you are all against

him," said Potel. "But Gilet is a man who couldn't stay in a hole like Issoudun without finding something to

"Well, gentlemen," remarked another, "Max and the colonel must play out their game. Bridau had to avenge

"But the real question is about the old man's property," said a third. "They say Monsieur Gilet was laying

hands on fifty thousand francs a year, when the colonel turned him out of his uncle's house."

"Gilet rob a man! Come, don't say that to any one but me, Monsieur Canivet," cried Potel. "If you do, I'll

Towards four o'clock the following day, the officers of the old army who were at Issoudun or its environs,

were sauntering about the place du Marche, in front of an eatinghouse kept by a man named Lacroix, and

waiting the arrival of Colonel Philippe Bridau. The banquet in honor of the coronation was to take place with

military punctuality at five o'clock. Various groups of persons were talking of Max's discomfiture, and his

dismissal from old Rouget's house; for not only were the officers to dine at Lacroix's, but the common

soldiers had determined on a meeting at a neighboring wineshop. Among the officers, Potel and Renard

"Is it any of our business what takes place among the old man's heirs?" said Renard.

"There'll be sabres unsheathed before long," said an old sub lieutenant, who cultivated a kitchengarden in

the upper Baltan. "If Monsieur Maxence Gilet committed the folly of going to live under old Rouget's roof,

he would he a coward if he allowed himself to be turned off like a valet without asking why."

"Of course," said Mignonnet dryly. "A folly that doesn't succeed becomes a crime."

At this moment Max joined the old soldiers of Napoleon, and was received in significant silence. Potel and

Renard each took an arm of their friend, and walked about with him, conversing. Presently Philippe was seen

approaching in full dress; he trailed his cane after him with an imperturbable air which contrasted with the

forced attention Max was paying to the remarks of his two supporters. Bridau's hand was grasped by

Mignonnet, Carpentier, and several others. This welcome, so different from that accorded to Max, dispelled

the last feeling of cowardice, or, if you prefer it, wisdom, which Flore's entreaties, and above all, her

"We shall fight," he said to Renard, "and to the death. Therefore don't talk to me any more; let me play my

After these words, spoken in a feverish tone, the three Bonapartists returned to the group of officers and

mixed among them. Max bowed first to Bridau, who returned his bow, and the two exchanged a frigid glance.

"And drink to the health of the Little Corporal, who is now in the paradise of heroes," cried Renard.

The company poured into the long, low dininghall of the restaurant Lacroix, the windows of which opened

on the marketplace. Each guest took his seat at the table, where, in compliance with Philippe's request, the

two adversaries were placed directly opposite to each other. Some young men of the town, among them

several Knights of Idleness, anxious to know what might happen at the banquet, were walking about the street

and discussing the critical position into which Philippe had contrived to force Max. They all deplored the

Everything went off well until the dessert, though the two antagonists displayed, in spite of the apparent

joviality of the dinner, a certain vigilance that resembled disquietude. While waiting for the quarrel that both

were planning, Philippe showed admirable coolness, and Max a distracting gayety; but to an observer, each

When the desert was served Philippe rose and said: "Fill your glasses, my friends! I ask permission to

At this moment eleven private soldiers, among whom were Benjamin and Kouski, appeared at the door of the

"You see He is not dead!" said Kouski to an old sergeant, who had perhaps been grieving that the Emperor's

"I claim the second toast," said Mignonnet, as he rose. "Let us drink to those who attempted to restore his

Every one present, except Maxence Gilet, bowed to Philippe Bridau, and stretched their glasses towards him.

"It is Max! it is Max!" cried voices outside; and then a deep silence reigned in the room and in the street, for

"May we ALL meet again at this time next year," said Max, bowing ironically to Philippe.

"The Paris police would never allow a banquet of this kind," said Potel to Philippe.

"Why do the devil to you mention the police to Colonel Bridau?" said Maxence insolently.

"Captain PotelHEmeant no insult," said Philippe, smiling coldly. The stillness was so profound that the

"The police were sufficiently afraid of me," resumed Philippe, "to send me to Issoudun,a place where I

have had the pleasure of meeting old comrades, but where, it must be owned, there is a dearth of amusement.

For a man who doesn't despise folly, I'm rather restricted. However, it is certainly economical, for I am not

one of those to whom featherbeds give incomes; Mariette of the Grand Opera cost me fabulous sums."

"Is that remark meant for me, my dear colonel?" asked Max, sending a glance at Philippe which was like a

"on Mignonnet and Carpentier," answered Philippe, cutting short Max's sentence, and motioning towards

The two adversaries had not raised their voices above the tone of ordinary conversation; there was nothing

"Look here, you others!" cried Philippe, addressing the soldiers who stood behind the officers; "remember

that our affairs don't concern the bourgeoisienot a word, therefore, on what goes on here. It is for the Old

The dessert passed off well; the libations were plentiful. The antagonists and their four seconds made it a

point of honor that a duel, involving so large a fortune, and the reputation of two men noted for their courage,

should not appear the result of an ordinary squabble. No two gentlemen could have behaved better than

Philippe and Max; in this respect the anxious waiting of the young men and townspeople grouped about the

marketplace was balked. All the guests, like true soldiers, kept silence as to the episode which took place at

dessert. At ten o'clock that night the two adversaries were informed that the sabre was the weapon agreed

upon by the seconds; the place chosen for the rendezvous was behind the chancel of the church of the

Capuchins at eight o'clock the next morning. Goddet, who was at the banquet in his quality of former army

surgeon, was requested to be present at the meeting. The seconds agreed that, no matter what might happen,

At eleven o'clock that night, to Colonel Bridau's amazement, Monsieur Hochon appeared at his rooms just as

"We know what has happened," said the old lady, with her eyes full of tears, "and I have come to entreat you

not to leave the house to morrow morning without saying your prayers. Lift your soul to God!"

"Yes, madame," said Philippe, to whom old Hochon made a sign from behind his wife's back.

"That is not all," said Agathe's godmother. "I stand in the place of your poor mother, and I divest myself, for

you, of a thing which I hold most precious,here," she went on, holding towards Philippe a tooth, fastened

upon a piece of black velvet embroidered in gold, to which she had sewn a pair of green strings. Having

shown it to him, she replaced it in a little bag. "It is a relic of Sainte Solange, the patron saint of Berry," she

"Then I have no right to wear that accoutrement any more than if it were a cuirass," cried Agathe's son.

"Well, madame, prayerand a good pointcan do no harm," said Philippe, making a thrust as if to pierce

The old lady kissed the colonel on his forehead. As she left the house, she gave thirty francsall the money

she possessedto Benjamin, requesting him to sew the relic into the pocket of his master's trousers.

Benjamin did so,not that he believed in the virtue of the tooth, for he said his master had a much better

talisman than that against Gilet, but because his conscience constrained him to fulfil a commission for which

he had been so liberally paid. Madame Hochon went home full of confidence in Saint Solange.

At eight o'clock the next morning, December third, the weather being cloudy, Max, accompanied by his

seconds and the Pole, arrived on the little meadow which then surrounded the apse of the church of the

Capuchins. There he found Philippe and his seconds, with Benjamin, waiting for him. Potel and Mignonnet

paced off twentyfour feet; at each extremity, the two attendants drew a line on the earth with a spade: the

combatants were not allowed to retreat beyond that line, on pain of being thought cowardly. Each was to

stand at his own line, and advance as he pleased when the seconds gave the word.

They did so; the rosy tints of their skin appearing through the cambric of their shirts. Each, armed with a

cavalry sabre selected of equal weight, about three pounds, and equal length, three feet, placed himself at his

own line, the point of his weapon on the ground, awaiting the signal. Both were so calm that, in spite of the

cold, their muscles quivered no more than if they had been made of iron. Goddet, the four seconds, and the

Just as the signal was given, Max caught sight of Fario's sinister face looking at them through the hole which

the Knights of Idleness had made for the pigeons in the roof of the church. Those eyes, which sent forth

streams of fire, hatred, and revenge, dazzled Max for a moment. The colonel went straight to his adversary,

and put himself on guard in a way that gained him an advantage. Experts in the art of killing, know that, of

two antagonists, the ablest takes the "inside of the pavement,"to use an expression which gives the reader a

tangible idea of the effect of a good guard. That pose, which is in some degree observant, marks so plainly a

duellist of the first rank that a feeling of inferiority came into Max's soul, and produced the same disarray of

powers which demoralizes a gambler when, in presence of a master or a lucky hand, he loses his

He attempted a "moulinet," and twirled his sabre with the dexterity of a singlestick. He wanted to bewilder

Philippe, and strike his weapon so as to disarm him; but at the first encounter he felt that the colonel's wrist

was iron, with the flexibility of a steel string. Maxence was then forced, unfortunate fellow, to think of

another move, while Philippe, whose eyes were darting gleams that were sharper than the flash of their

blades, parried every attack with the coolness of a fencingmaster wearing his plastron in an armory.

Between two men of the calibre of these combatants, there occurs a phenomenon very like that which takes

place among the lower classes, during the terrible tussle called "the savante," which is fought with the feet, as

the name implies. Victory depends on a false movement, on some error of the calculation, rapid as lightning,

which must be made and followed almost instinctively. During a period of time as short to the spectators as it

seems long to the combatants, the contest lies in observation, so keen as to absorb the powers of mind and

body, and yet concealed by preparatory feints whose slowness and apparent prudence seem to show that the

antagonists are not intending to fight. This moment, which is followed by a rapid and decisive struggle, is

terrible to a connoisseur. At a bad parry from Max the colonel sent the sabre spinning from his hand.

There was something atrocious in the grandeur of these words; they seemed to show such consciousness of

superiority that the onlookers took them for a shrewd calculation. In fact, when Max replaced himself in

position, he had lost his coolness, and was once more confronted with his adversary's raised guard which

defended the colonel's whole person while it menaced his. He resolved to redeem his shameful defeat by a

bold stroke. He no longer guarded himself, but took his sabre in both hands and rushed furiously on his

antagonist, resolved to kill him, if he had to lose his own life. Philippe received a sabrecut which slashed

open his forehead and a part of his face, but he cleft Max's head obliquely by the terrible sweep of a

"moulinet," made to break the force of the annihilating stroke Max aimed at him. These two savage blows

ended the combat, at the ninth minute. Fario came down to gloat over the sight of his enemy in the

convulsions of death; for the muscles of a man of Maxence Gilet's vigor quiver horribly. Philippe was carried

Thus perished a man destined to do great deeds had he lived his life amid environments which were suited to

him; a man treated by Nature as a favorite child, for she gave him courage, selfpossession, and the political

sagacity of a Cesar Borgia. But education had not bestowed upon him that nobility of conduct and ideas

without which nothing great is possible in any walk of life. He was not regretted, because of the perfidy with

which his adversary, who was a worse man than he, had contrived to bring him into disrepute. His death put

an end to the exploits of the Order of Idleness, to the great satisfaction of the town of Issoudun. Philippe

therefore had nothing to fear in consequence of the duel, which seemed almost the result of divine vengeance:

its circumstances were related throughout that whole region of country, with unanimous praise for the

"But they had better both have been killed," remarked Monsieur Mouilleron; "it would have been a good

The situation of Flore Brazier would have been very embarrassing were it not for the condition into which

she was thrown by Max's death. A brainfever set in, combined with a dangerous inflammation resulting

from her escapade to Vatan. If she had had her usual health, she might have fled the house where, in the room

above her, Max's room, and in Max's bed, lay and suffered Max's murderer. She hovered between life and

death for three months, attended by Monsieur Goddet, who was also attending Philippe.

I have already killed the most venomous of the two reptiles; not however without getting my own head split

open by a sabre; but the rascal struck with a dying hand. The other viper is here, and I must come to an

understanding with her, for my uncle clings to her like the apple of his eye. I have been half afraid the girl,

who is devilishly handsome, might run away, and then my uncle would have followed her; but an illness

which seized her suddenly has kept her in bed. If God desired to protect me, he would call her soul to

himself, now, while she is repenting of her sins. Meantime, on my side I have, thanks to that old trump,

Hochon, the doctor of Issoudun, one named Goddet, a worthy soul who conceives that the property of uncles

Monsieur Hochon has some influence on a certain papa Fichet, who is rich, and whose daughter Goddet

wants as a wife for his son: so the thousand francs they have promised him if he mends up my pate is not the

chief cause of his devotion. Moreover, this Goddet, who was formerly headsurgeon to the 3rd regiment of

the line, has been privately advised by my staunch friends, Mignonnet and Carpentier; so he is now playing

the hypocrite with his other patient. He says to Mademoiselle Brazier, as he feels her pulse, "You see, my

child, that there's a God after all. You have been the cause of a great misfortune, and you must now repair it.

The finger of God is in all this [it is inconceivable what they don't say the finger of God is in!]. Religion is

religion: submit, resign yourself, and that will quiet you better than my drugs. Above all, resolve to stay here

Goddet has promised to keep the Rabouilleuse three months in her bed. By degrees the girl will get

accustomed to living under the same roof with me. I have bought over the cook. That abominable old woman

tells her mistress Max would have led her a hard life; and declares she overheard him say that if, after the old

man's death, he was obliged to marry Flore, he didn't mean to have his prospects ruined by it, and he should

Thus, all goes well, so far. My uncle, by old Hochon's advice, has destroyed his will.

My dear old Fellow,Find out if the little rat Cesarine has any engagement, and if not, try to arrange that

she can come to Issoudun in case I send for her; if I do, she must come at once. It is a matter this time of

decent behavior; no theatre morals. She must present herself as the daughter of a brave soldier, killed on the

battlefield. Therefore, mind,sober manners, schoolgirl's clothes, virtue of the best quality; that's the

watchword. If I need Cesarine, and if she answers my purpose, I will give her fifty thousand francs on my

uncle's death. If Cesarine has other engagements, explain what I want to Florentine; and between you, find

I have had my skull cracked in a duel with the fellow who was filching my inheritance, and is now feeding

the worms. I'll tell you all about it some day. Ah! old fellow, the good times are coming back for you and me;

we'll amuse ourselves once more, or we are not the pair we really are. If you can send me five hundred more

Adieu, my old fireeater. Light your pipe with this letter. Mind, the daughter of the officer is to come from

Chateauroux, and must seem to be in need of assistance. I hope however that I shall not be driven to such

Agathe, informed by Madame Hochon of what had happened, rushed to Issoudun, and was received by her

brother, who gave her Philippe's former room. The poor mother's tenderness for the worthless son revived in

all its maternal strength; a few happy days were hers at last, as she listened to the praises which the whole

"After all, my child," said Madame Hochon on the day of her arrival, "youth must have its fling. The

dissipations of a soldier under the Empire must, of course, be greater than those of young men who are

looked after by their fathers. Oh! if you only knew what went on here at night under that wretched Max!

Thanks to your son, Issoudun now breathes and sleeps in peace. Philippe has come to his senses rather late;

he told us frankly that those three months in the Luxembourg sobered him. Monsieur Hochon is delighted

with his conduct here; every one thinks highly of it. If he can be kept away from the temptations of Paris, he

Philippe played the saint to his mother, for he had need of her. That wily politician did not wish to have

recourse to Cesarine unless he continued to be an object of horror to Mademoiselle Brazier. He saw that Flore

had been thoroughly broken to harness by Max; he knew she was an essential part of his uncle's life, and he

greatly preferred to use her rather than send for the balletgirl, who might take it into her head to marry the

old man. Fouche advised Louis XVIII. to sleep in Napoleon's sheets instead of granting the charter; and

Philippe would have liked to remain in Gilet's sheets; but he was reluctant to risk the good reputation he had

made for himself in Berry. To take Max's place with the Rabouilleuse would be as odious on his part as on

hers. He could, without discredit and by the laws of nepotism, live in his uncle's house and at his uncle's

expense; but he could not have Flore unless her character were whitewashed. Hampered by this difficulty,

and stimulated by the hope of finally getting hold of the property, the idea came into his head of making his

uncle marry the Rabouilleuse. With this in view he requested his mother to go and see the girl and treat her in

"I must confess, my dear mother," he said, in a canting tone, looking at Monsieur and Madame Hochon who

accompanied her, "that my uncle's way of life is not becoming; he could, however, make Mademoiselle

Brazier respected by the community if he chose. Wouldn't it be far better for her to be Madame Rouget than

the servantmistress of an old bachelor? She had better obtain a definite right to his property by a marriage

contract then threaten a whole family with disinheritance. If you, or Monsieur Hochon, or some good priest

would speak of the matter to both parties, you might put a stop to the scandal which offends decent people.

Mademoiselle Brazier would be only too happy if you were to welcome her as a sister, and I as an aunt."

On the morrow Agathe and Madame Hochon appeared at Flore's bedside, and repeated to the sick girl and to

Rouget, the excellent sentiments expressed by Philippe. Throughout Issoudun the colonel was talked of as a

man of noble character, especially because of his conduct towards Flore. For a month, the Rabouilleuse heard

Goddet, her doctor, the individual who has paramount influence over a sick person, the respectable Madame

Hochon, moved by religious principle, and Agathe, so gentle and pious, all representing to her the advantages

of a marriage with Rouget. And when, attracted by the idea of becoming Madame Rouget, a dignified and

virtuous bourgeoisie, she grew eager to recover, so that the marriage might speedily be celebrated, it was not

difficult to make her understand that she would not be allowed to enter the family of the Rougets if she

"Besides," remarked the doctor, "you really owe him this good fortune. Max would never have allowed you

to marry old Rouget. And," he added in her ear, "if you have children, you can revenge Max, for that will

Two months after the fatal duel in February, 1823, the sick woman, urged by those about her, and implored

by Rouget, consented to receive Philippe, the sight of whose scars made her weep, but whose softened and

affectionate manner calmed her. By Philippe's wish they were left alone together.

"My dear child," said the soldier. "It is I, who, from the start, have advised your marriage with my uncle; if

"Circumstances have compelled me to give you pain, it is natural therefore that I should wish to do you all

the good I can. Wealth, respect, and a family position are worth more than what you have lost. You wouldn't

have been that fellow's wife long after my uncle's death, for I happen to know, through friends of his, that he

intended to get rid of you. Come, my dear, let us understand each other, and live happily. You shall be my

aunt, and nothing more than my aunt. You will take care that my uncle does not forget me in his will; on my

side, you shall see how well I will have you treated in the marriage contract. Keep calm, think it over, and we

will talk of it later. All sensible people, indeed the whole town, urge you to put an end to your illegal

position; no one will blame you for receiving me. It is well understood in the world that interests go before

feelings. By the day of your marriage you will be handsomer than ever. The pallor of illness has given you an

air of distinction, and on my honor, if my uncle did not love you so madly, you should be the wife of Colonel

Philippe left the room, having dropped this hint into Flore's mind to waken a vague idea of vengeance which

might please the girl, who did, in fact, feel a sort of happiness as she saw this dreadful being at her feet. In

this scene Philippe repeated, in miniature, that of Richard III. with the queen he had widowed. The meaning

of it is that personal calculation, hidden under sentiment, has a powerful influence on the heart, and is able to

dissipate even genuine grief. This is how, in individual life, Nature does that which in works of genius is

At the beginning of April, 1823, the hall of JeanJacques Rouget's house was the scene of a splendid dinner,

given to celebrate the signing of the marriage contract between Mademoiselle Flore Brazier and the old

bachelor. The guests were Monsieur Heron, the four witnesses, Messieurs Mignonnet, Carpentier, Hochon,

and Goddet, the mayor and the curate, Agathe Bridau, Madame Hochon, and her friend Madame Borniche,

the two old ladies who laid down the law to the society of Issoudun. The bride was much impressed by this

concession, obtained by Philippe, and intended by the two ladies as a mark of protection to a repentant

woman. Flore was in dazzling beauty. The curate, who for the last fortnight had been instructing the ignorant

crabgirl, was to allow her, on the following day, to make her first communion. The marriage was the text of

the following pious article in the "Journal du Cher," published at Bourges, and in the "Journal de l'Indre,"

Issoudun.The revival of religion is progressing in Berry. Friends of the Church and all respectable persons

in this town were yesterday witnesses of a marriage ceremony by which a leading man of property put an end

to a scandalous connection, which began at the time when the authority of religion was overthrown in this

region. This event, due to the enlightened zeal of the clergy of Issoudun will, we trust, have imitators, and put

a stop to marriages, socalled, which have never been solemnized, and were only contracted during the

One remarkable feature of the event to which we allude, is the fact that it was brought about at the entreaty of

a colonel belonging to the old army, sent to our town by a sentence of the Court of Peers, who may, in

consequence, lose the inheritance of his uncle's property. Such disinterestedness is so rare in these days that it

By the marriage contract Rouget secured to Flore a dower of one hundred thousand francs, and a life annuity

After the wedding, which was sumptuous, Agathe returned to Paris the happiest of mothers, and told Joseph

"Your son Philippe is too wily a man not to keep his paw on that inheritance," said the lawyer, when he had

heard Madame Bridau to the end. "You and your poor Joseph will never get one penny of your brother's

"You, and Joseph too, will always be unjust to that poor boy," said the mother. "His conduct before the Court

of Peers was worthy of a statesman; he succeeded in saving many heads. Philippe's errors came from his

great faculties being unemployed. He now sees how faults of conduct injure the prospects of a man who has

his way to make. He is ambitious; that I am sure of; and I am not the only one to predict his future. Monsieur

"Oh! if he chooses to apply his perverted powers to making his fortune, I have no doubt he will succeed: he is

"Why do you suppose that he will not succeed by honest means?" demanded Madame Bridau.

"You will see!" exclaimed Desroches. "Fortunate or unfortunate, Philippe will remain the man of the rue

Mazarin, the murderer of Madame Descoings, the domestic thief. But don't worry yourself; he will manage to

After breakfast, on the morning succeeding the marriage, Philippe took Madame Rouget by the arm when his

uncle rose from table and went upstairs to dress,for the pair had come down, the one in her morningrobe,

"My dear aunt," said the colonel, leading her into the recess of a window, "you now belong to the family.

Thanks to me, the law has tied the knot. Now, no nonsense. I intend that you and I should play above board. I

know the tricks you will try against me; and I shall watch you like a duenna. You will never go out of this

house except on my arm; and you will never leave me. As to what passes within the house, damn it, you'll

find me like a spider in the middle of his web. Here is something," he continued, showing the bewildered

woman a letter, "which will prove to you that I could, while you were lying ill upstairs, unable to move hand

My dear Fellow,Florentine, who has just made her debut at the new Opera House in a "pas de trois" with

Mariette and Tullia, is thinking steadily about your affair, and so is Florine,who has finally given up

Lousteau and taken Nathan. That shrewd pair have found you a most delicious little creature,only

seventeen, beautiful as an English woman, demure as a "lady," up to all mischief, sly as Desroches, faithful as

Godeschal. Mariette is forming her, so as to give you a fair chance. No woman could hold her own against

this little angel, who is a devil under her skin; she can play any part you please; get complete possession of

your uncle, or drive him crazy with love. She has that celestial look poor Coralie used to have; she can

weep,the tones of her voice will draw a thousandfranc note from a granite heart; and the young mischief

soaks up champagne better than any of us. It is a precious discovery; she is under obligations to Mariette, and

wants to pay them off. After squandering the fortunes of two Englishmen, a Russian, and an Italian prince,

Mademoiselle Esther is now in poverty; give her ten thousand francs, that will satisfy her. She has just

remarked, laughing, that she has never yet fricasseed a bourgeois, and it will get her hand in. Esther is well

known to Finot, Bixiou, and des Lupeaulx, in fact to all our set. Ah! if there were any real fortunes left in

All the editorial staff, Nathan, Finot, Bixiou, etc., are now joking the aforesaid Esther in a magnificent

appartement just arranged for Florine by old Lord Dudley (the real father of de Marsay); the lively actress

captured him by the dress of her new role. Tullia is with the Duc de Rhetore, Mariette is still with the Duc de

Maufrigneuse; between them, they will get your sentence remitted in time for the King's fete. Bury your

uncle under the roses before the SaintLouis, bring away the property, and spend a little of it with Esther and

The letter shook in the trembling hands of Madame Rouget, and betrayed the terror of her mind and body.

The aunt dared not look at the nephew, who fixed his eyes upon her with terrible meaning.

"I trust you," he said, "as you see; but I expect some return. I have made you my aunt intending to marry you

some day. You are worth more to me than Esther in managing my uncle. In a year from now, we must be in

Paris; the only place where beauty really lives. You will amuse yourself much better there than here; it is a

perpetual carnival. I shall return to the army, and become a general, and you will be a great lady. There's our

future; now work for it. But I must have a pledge to bind this agreement. You are to give me, within a month

from now, a power of attorney from my uncle, which you must obtain under pretence of relieving him of the

fatigues of business. Also, a month later, I must have a special power of attorney to transfer the income in the

Funds. When that stands in my name, you and I have an equal interest in marrying each other. There it all is,

my beautiful aunt, as plain as day. Between you and me there must be no ambiguity. I can marry my aunt at

He left the room without waiting for an answer. When Vedie came in, fifteen minutes later, to clear the table,

she found her mistress pale and moist with perspiration, in spite of the season. Flore felt like a woman who

had fallen to the bottom of a precipice; the future loomed black before her; and on its blackness, in the far

distance, were shapes of monstrous things, indistinctly perceptible, and terrifying. She felt the damp chill of

vaults, instinctive fear of the man crushed her; and yet a voice cried in her ear that she deserved to have him

for her master. She was helpless against her fate. Flore Brazier had had a room of her own in Rouget's house;

but Madame Rouget belonged to her husband, and was now deprived of the freewill of a servant mistress.

In the horrible situation in which she now found herself, the hope of having a child came into her mind; but

she soon recognized its impossibility. The marriage was to JeanJacques what the second marriage of Louis

XII. was to that king. The incessant watchfulness of a man like Philippe, who had nothing to do and never

quitted his post of observation, made any form of vengeance impossible. Benjamin was his innocent and

devoted spy. The Vedie trembled before him. Flore felt herself deserted and utterly helpless. She began to

fear death. Without knowing how Philippe might manage to kill her, she felt certain that whenever he

suspected her of pregnancy her doom would be sealed. The sound of that voice, the veiled glitter of that

gambler's eye, the slightest movement of the soldier, who treated her with a brutality that was still polite,

made her shudder. As to the power of attorney demanded by the ferocious colonel, who in the eyes of all

Issoudun was a hero, he had it as soon as he wanted it; for Flore fell under the man's dominion as France had

Like a butterfly whose feet are caught in the incandescent wax of a taper, Rouget rapidly dissipated his

remaining strength. In presence of that decay, the nephew remained as cold and impassible as the

Philippe, who did not believe in Napoleon II., now wrote the following letter to the minister of war, which

Monseigneur,Napoleon is no more. I desired to remain faithful to him according to my oath; now I am free

to offer my services to His Majesty. If your Excellency deigns to explain my conduct to His Majesty, the

King will see that it is in keeping with the laws of honor, if not with those of his government. The King, who

thought it proper that his aidedecamp, General Rapp, should mourn his former master, will no doubt feel

I therefore entreat your Excellency to take into consideration the request I make for employment in my proper

rank; and I beg to assure you of my entire submission. The King will find in me a faithful subject.

Deign to accept the assurance of respect with which I have the honor to be, Your Excellency's very

Formerly chief of squadron in the dragoons of the Guard; officer of the Legion of honor; now under police

To this letter was joined a request for permission to go to Paris on urgent family business; and Monsieur

Mouilleron annexed letters from the mayor, the subprefect, and the commissary of police at Issoudun, all

bestowing many praises on Philippe's conduct, and dwelling upon the newspaper article relating to his uncle's

Two weeks later, Philippe received the desired permission, and a letter, in which the minister of war informed

him that, by order of the King, he was, as a preliminary favor, reinstated lieutenant colonel in the royal

LieutenantColonel Bridau returned to Paris, taking with him his aunt and the helpless Rouget, whom he

escorted, three days after their arrival, to the Treasury, where JeanJacques signed the transfer of the income,

which henceforth became Philippe's. The exhausted old man and the Rabouilleuse were now plunged by their

nephew into the excessive dissipations of the dangerous and restless society of actresses, journalists, artists,

and the equivocal women among whom Philippe had already wasted his youth; where old Rouget found

excitements that soon after killed him. Instigated by Giroudeau, Lolotte, one of the handsomest of the Opera

balletgirls, was the amiable assassin of the old man. Rouget died after a splendid supper at Florentine's, and

Lolotte threw the blame of his death upon a slice of pate de foie gras; as the Strasburg masterpiece could

make no defence, it was considered settled that the old man died of indigestion.

Madame Rouget was in her element in the midst of this excessively decollete society; but Philippe gave her

in charge of Mariette, and that monitress did not allow the widowwhose mourning was diversified with a

In October, 1823, Philippe returned to Issoudun, furnished with a power of attorney from his aunt, to

liquidate the estate of his uncle; a business that was soon over, for he returned to Paris in March, 1824, with

sixteen hundred thousand francs,the net proceeds of old Rouget's property, not counting the precious

pictures, which had never left Monsieur Hochon's hands. Philippe put the whole property into the hands of

Mongenod and Sons, where young Baruch Borniche was employed, and on whose solvency and business

probity old Hochon had given him satisfactory assurances. This house took his sixteen hundred thousand

francs at six per cent per annum, on condition of three months' notice in case of the withdrawal of the money.

One fine day, Philippe went to see his mother, and invited her to be present at his marriage, which was

witnessed by Giroudeau, Finot, Nathan, and Bixiou. By the terms of the marriage contract, the widow

Rouget, whose portion of her late husband's property amounted to a million of francs, secured to her future

husband her whole fortune in case she died without children. No invitations to the wedding were sent out, nor

any "billets de faire part"; Philippe had his designs. He lodged his wife in an appartement in the rue

SaintGeorges, which he bought readyfurnished from Lolotte. Madame Bridau the younger thought it

delightful, and her husband rarely set foot in it. Without her knowledge, Philippe purchased in the rue de

Clichy, at a time when no one suspected the value which property in that quarter would one day acquire, a

magnificent hotel for two hundred and fifty thousand francs; of which he paid one hundred and fifty thousand

down, taking two years to pay the remainder. He spent large sums in altering the interior and furnishing it; in

fact, he put his income for two years into this outlay. The pictures, now restored, and estimated at three

The accession of Charles X. had brought into still greater court favor the family of the Duc de Chaulieu,

whose eldest son, the Duc de Rhetore, was in the habit of seeing Philippe at Tullia's. Under Charles X., the

elder branch of the Bourbons, believing itself permanently seated on the throne, followed the advice

previously given by Marshal GouvionSaintCyr to encourage the adherence of the soldiers of the Empire.

Philippe, who had no doubt made invaluable revelations as to the conspiracies of 1820 and 1822, was

appointed lieutenantcolonel in the regiment of the Duc de Maufrigneuse. That fascinating nobleman thought

himself bound to protect the man from whom he had taken Mariette. The corpsdeballet went for

something, therefore, in the appointment. Moreover, it was decided in the private councils of Charles X., to

give a faint tinge of liberalism to the surroundings of Monseigneur the Dauphin. Philippe, now a sort of

equerry to the Duc de Maufrigneuse, was presented not only to the Dauphin, but also to the Dauphine, who

was not averse to brusque and soldierly characters who had become noted for a past fidelity. Philippe

thoroughly understood the part the Dauphin had to play; and he turned the first exhibition of that spurious

liberalism to his own profit, by getting himself appointed aidedecamp to a marshal who stood well at

In January, 1827, Philippe, who was now promoted to the Royal Guard as lieutenantcolonel in a regiment

then commanded by the Duc de Maufrigneuse, solicited the honor of being ennobled. Under the Restoration,

nobility became a sort of perquisite to the "roturiers" who served in the Guard. Colonel Bridau had lately

bought the estate of Brambourg, and he now asked to be allowed to entail it under the title of count. This

favor was accorded through the influence of his many intimacies in the highest rank of society, where he now

appeared in all the luxury of horses, carriages, and liveries; in short, with the surroundings of a great lord. As

soon as he saw himself gazetted in the Almanack under the title of Comte de Brambourg, he began to

Insatiable in his wants, and backed by the mistresses of influential men, Philippe now solicited the honor of

being one of the Dauphin's aidesdecamp. He had the audacity to say to the Dauphin that "an old soldier,

wounded on many a battlefield and who knew real warfare, might, on occasion, be serviceable to

Monseigneur." Philippe, who could take the tone of all varieties of sycophancy, became in the regions of the

highest social life exactly what the position required him to be; just as at Issoudun, he had copied the

respectability of Mignonnet. He had, moreover, a fine establishment and gave fetes and dinners; admitting

none of his old friends to his house if he thought their position in life likely to compromise his future. He was

pitiless to the companions of his former debauches, and curtly refused Bixiou when that lively satirist asked

him to say a word in favor of Giroudeau, who wanted to reenter the army after the desertion of Florentine.

"Ha! did he say that of me?" cried Giroudeau, "of me, who helped him to get rid of his uncle!"

Philippe intended to marry Mademoiselle Amelie de Soulanges, and become a general, in command of a

regiment of the Royal Guard. He asked so many favors that, to keep him quiet, they made him a Commander

of the Legion of honor, and also Commander of the order of Saint Louis. One rainy evening, as Agathe and

Joseph were returning home along the muddy streets, they met Philippe in full uniform, bedizened with

orders, leaning back in a corner of a handsome coupe lined with yellow silk, whose armorial bearings were

surmounted with a count's coronet. He was on his way to a fete at the ElyseeBourbon; the wheels splashed

"He's going it, that fellow!" said Joseph to his mother. "Nevertheless, he might send us something better than

"He has such a fine position, in such high society, that we ought not to blame him for forgetting us," said

Madame Bridau. "When a man rises to so great a height, he has many obligations to repay, many sacrifices to

make; it is natural he should not come to see us, though he may think of us all the same."

"My dear fellow," said the Duc de Maufrigneuse one evening, to the new Comte de Brambourg, "I am sure

that your addresses will be favorably received; but in order to marry Amelie de Soulanges, you must be free

"My wife?" said Philippe, with a gesture, look, and accent which Frederick Lemaitre was inspired to use in

one of his most terrible parts. "Alas! I have the melancholy certainty of losing her. She has not a week to live.

My dear duke, you don't know what it is to marry beneath you. A woman who was a cook, and has the tastes

of a cook! who dishonors meah! I am much to be pitied. I have had the honor to explain my position to

Madame la Dauphine. At the time of the marriage, it was a question of saving to the family a million of

francs which my uncle had left by will to that person. Happily, my wife took to drinking; at her death, I come

into possession of that million, which is now in the hands of Mongenod and Sons. I have thirty thousand

francs a year in the five per cents, and my landed property, which is entailed, brings me in forty thousand

more. If, as I am led to suppose, Monsieur de Soulanges gets a marshal's baton, I am on the highroad with

my title of Comte de Brambourg, to becoming general and peer of France. That will be the proper end of an

After the Salon of 1823, one of the leading painters of the day, a most excellent man, obtained the

management of a lotteryoffice near the Markets, for the mother of Joseph Bridau. Agathe was fortunately

able, soon after, to exchange it on equal terms with the incumbent of another office, situated in the rue de

Seine, in a house where Joseph was able to have his atelier. The widow now hired an agent herself, and was

no longer an expense to her son. And yet, as late as 1828, though she was the directress of an excellent office

which she owed entirely to Joseph's fame, Madame Bridau still had no belief in that fame, which was hotly

contested, as all true glory ever will be. The great painter, struggling with his genius, had enormous wants; he

did not earn enough to pay for the luxuries which his relations to society, and his distinguished position in the

young School of Art demanded. Though powerfully sustained by his friends of the Cenacle and by

Mademoiselle des Touches, he did not please the Bourgeois. That being, from whom comes the money of

these days, never unties its pursestrings for genius that is called in question; unfortunately, Joseph had the

classics and the Institute, and the critics who cry up those two powers, against him. The brave artist, though

backed by Gros and Gerard, by whose influence he was decorated after the Salon of 1827, obtained few

orders. If the ministry of the interior and the King's household were with difficulty induced to buy some of

his greatest pictures, the shopkeepers and the rich foreigners noticed them still less. Moreover, Joseph gave

way rather too much, as we must all acknowledge, to imaginative fancies, and that produced a certain

"High art is at a low ebb," said his friend Pierre Grassou, who made daubs to suit the taste of the bourgeoisie,

"You ought to have a whole cathedral to decorate; that's what you want," declared Schinner; "then you would

Such speeches, which alarmed the good Agathe, only corroborated the judgment she had long since formed

upon Philippe and Joseph. Facts sustained that judgment in the mind of a woman who had never ceased to be

a provincial. Philippe, her favorite child, was he not the great man of the family at last? in his early errors she

saw only the ebullitions of youth. Joseph, to the merit of whose productions she was insensible, for she saw

them too long in process of gestation to admire them when finished, seemed to her no more advanced in 1828

than he was in 1816. Poor Joseph owed money, and was bowed down by the burden of debt; he had chosen,

she felt, a worthless career that made him no return. She could not conceive why they had given him the cross

of the Legion of honor. Philippe, on the other hand, rich enough to cease gambling, a guest at the fetes of

MADAME, the brilliant colonel who at all reviews and in all processions appeared before her eyes in

splendid uniforms, with his two crosses on his breast, realized all her maternal dreams. One such day of

public ceremony effaced from Agathe's mind the horrible sight of Philippe's misery on the Quai de l'Ecole; on

that day he passed his mother at the selfsame spot, in attendance on the Dauphin, with plumes in his shako,

and his pelisse gorgeous with gold and fur. Agathe, who to her artist son was now a sort of devoted gray

sister, felt herself the mother of none but the dashing aidedecamp to his Royal Highness, the Dauphin of

France. Proud of Philippe, she felt he made the ease and happiness of her life,forgetting that the

One day Agathe noticed that her poor artist was more worried than usual by the bill of his colorman, and

she determined, though cursing his profession in her heart, to free him from his debts. The poor woman kept

the house with the proceeds of her office, and took care never to ask Joseph for a farthing. Consequently she

had no money of her own; but she relied on Philippe's good heart and wellfilled purse. For three years she

had waited in expectation of his coming to see her; she now imagined that if she made an appeal to him he

would bring some enormous sum; and her thoughts dwelt on the happiness she should feel in giving it to

Joseph, whose judgment of his brother, like that of Madame Descoings, was so unfair.

My dear Philippe,You have not given the least little word of remembrance to your mother for five years.

That is not right. You should remember the past, if only for the sake of your excellent brother. Joseph is now

in need of money, and you are floating in wealth; he works, while you are flying from fete to fete. You now

possess, all to yourself, the property of my brother. Little Borniche tells me you cannot have less than two

hundred thousand francs a year. Well, then, come and see Joseph. During your visit, slip into the skull a few

thousandfranc notes. Philippe, you owe them to us; nevertheless, your brother will feel grateful to you, not

Two days later the concierge brought to the atelier, where poor Agathe was breakfasting with Joseph, the

My dear Mother,A man does not marry a Mademoiselle Amelie de Soulanges without the purse of

As Agathe fell halffainting on the sofa, the letter dropped to the floor. The slight noise made by the paper,

and the smothered but dreadful exclamation which escaped Agathe startled Joseph, who had forgotten his

mother for a moment and was vehemently rubbing in a sketch; he leaned his head round the edge of his

canvas to see what had happened. The sight of his mother stretched out on the floor made him drop palette

and brushes, and rush to lift what seemed a lifeless body. He took Agathe in his arms and carried her to her

own bed, and sent the servant for his friend Horace Bianchon. As soon as he could question his mother she

told him of her letter to Philippe, and of the answer she had received from him. The artist went to his atelier

and picked up the letter, whose concise brutality had broken the tender heart of the poor mother, and

shattered the edifice of trust her maternal preference had erected. When Joseph returned to her bedside he had

the good feeling to be silent. He did not speak of his brother in the three weeks during whichwe will not

say the illness, butthe death agony of the poor woman lasted. Bianchon, who came every day and watched

his patient with the devotion of a true friend, told Joseph the truth on the first day of her seizure.

"At her age," he said, "and under the circumstances which have happened to her, all we can hope to do is to

She herself felt so surely called of God that she asked the next day for the religious help of old Abbe Loraux,

who had been her confessor for more than twentytwo years. As soon as she was alone with him, and had

poured her griefs into his heart, she saidas she had said to Madame Hochon, and had repeated to herself

"What have I done to displease God? Have I not loved Him with all my soul? Have I wandered from the path

of grace? What is my sin? Can I be guilty of wrong when I know not what it is? Have I the time to repair it?"

"No," said the old man, in a gentle voice. "Alas! your life seems to have been pure and your soul spotless; but

the eye of God, poor afflicted creature, is keener than that of his ministers. I see the truth too late; for you

Hearing these words from lips that had never spoken other than peaceful and pleasant words to her, Agathe

"Be comforted," said the priest. "Your punishment is a proof that you will receive pardon. God chastens his

elect. Woe to those whose misdeeds meet with fortunate success; they will be kneaded again in humanity

until they in their turn are sorely punished for simple errors, and are brought to the maturity of celestial fruits.

Your life, my daughter, has been one long error. You have fallen into the pit which you dug for yourself; we

fail ever on the side we have ourselves weakened. You gave your heart to an unnatural son, in whom you

made your glory, and you have misunderstood the child who is your true glory. You have been so deeply

unjust that you never even saw the striking contrast between the brothers. You owe the comfort of your life to

Joseph, while your other son has pillaged you repeatedly. The poor son, who loves you with no return of

equal tenderness, gives you all the comfort that your life has had; the rich son, who never thinks of you,

"Yes," resumed the priest, "your humble position stands in the way of his proud hopes. Mother, these are

your sins! Woman, your sorrows and your anguish foretell that you shall know the peace of God. Your son

Joseph is so noble that his tenderness has never been lessened by the injustice your maternal preferences have

done him. Love him now; give him all your heart during your remaining days; pray for him, as I shall pray

The eyes of the mother, opened by so firm a hand, took in with one retrospective glance the whole course of

her life. Illumined by this flash of light, she saw her involuntary wrongdoing and burst into tears. The old

priest was so deeply moved at the repentance of a being who had sinned solely through ignorance, that he left

Joseph returned to his mother's room about two hours after her confessor had left her. He had been to a friend

to borrow the necessary money to pay his most pressing debts, and he came in on tiptoe, thinking that his

mother was asleep. He sat down in an armchair without her seeing him; but he sprang up with a cold chill

"What is it, mother?" he exclaimed, shocked at the stricken face of the poor woman, and thinking the words

"Oh, what an accusation!" he cried. "Not loved me? For seven years have we not lived alone together? All

these seven years have you not taken care of me and done everything for me? Do I not see you every

day,hear your voice? Are you not the gentle and indulgent companion of my miserable life? You don't

understand painting?Ah! but that's a gift not always given. I was saying to Grassou only yesterday: 'What

comforts me in the midst of my trials is that I have such a good mother. She is all that an artist's wife should

be; she sees to everything; she takes care of my material wants without ever troubling or worrying me.'"

"No, Joseph, no; you have loved me, but I have not returned you love for love. Ah! would that I could live a

Agathe took her son's hand, kissed it, held it on her heart, and looked in his face a long time,letting him see

the azure of her eyes resplendent with a tenderness she had hitherto bestowed on Philippe only. The painter,

well fitted to judge of expression, was so struck by the change, and saw so plainly how the heart of his

mother had opened to him, that he took her in his arms, and held her for some moments to his heart, crying

"Ah! I feel that I am forgiven!" she said. "God will confirm the child's pardon of its mother."

"You must be calm: don't torment yourself; hear me. I feel myself loved enough in this one moment for all

During the two weeks' struggle between life and death, there glowed such love in every look and gesture and

impulse of the soul of the pious creature, that each effusion of her feelings seemed like the expression of a

lifetime. The mother thought only of her son; she herself counted for nothing; sustained by love, she was

unaware of her sufferings. D'Arthez, Michel Chrestien, Fulgence Ridal, Pierre Grassou, and Bianchon often

kept Joseph company, and she heard them talking art in a low voice in a corner of her room.

"Oh, how I wish I knew what color is!" she exclaimed one evening as she heard them discussing one of

Joseph, on his side, was sublimely devoted to his mother. He never left her chamber; answered tenderness by

tenderness, cherishing her upon his heart. The spectacle was never afterwards forgotten by his friends; and

they themselves, a band of brothers in talent and nobility of nature, were to Joseph and his mother all that

they should have been,friends who prayed, and truly wept; not saying prayers and shedding tears, but one

with their friend in thought and action. Joseph, inspired as much by feeling as by genius, divined in the

occasional expression of his mother's face a desire that was deep hidden in her heart, and he said one day to

"She has loved that brigand Philippe too well not to want to see him before she dies."

Joseph begged Bixiou, who frequented the Bohemian regions where Philippe was still occasionally to be

found, to persuade that shameless son to play, if only out of pity, a little comedy of tenderness which might

wrap the mother's heart in a windingsheet of illusive happiness. Bixiou, in his capacity as an observing and

misanthropical scoffer, desired nothing better than to undertake such a mission. When he had made known

Madame Bridau's condition to the Comte de Brambourg, who received him in a bedroom hung with yellow

"What the devil do you want me to do there?" he cried. "The only service the poor woman can render me is to

die as soon as she can; she would be rather a sorry figure at my marriage with Mademoiselle de Soulanges.

The less my family is seen, the better my position. You can easily understand that I should like to bury the

name of Bridau under all the monuments in PereLachaise. My brother irritates me by bringing the name into

publicity. You are too knowing not to see the situation as I do. Look at it as if it were your own: if you were a

deputy, with a tongue like yours, you would be as much feared as Chauvelin; you would be made Comte

Bixiou, and director of the Beaux Arts. Once there, how should you like it if your grandmother Descoings

were to turn up? Would you want that worthy woman, who looked like a Madame SaintLeon, to be hanging

on to you? Would you give her an arm in the Tuileries, and present her to the noble family you were trying to

enter? Damn it, you'd wish her six feet under ground, in a leaden nightgown. Come, breakfast with me, and

let us talk of something else. I am a parvenu, my dear fellow, and I know it. I don't choose that my

swaddlingclothes shall be seen. My son will be more fortunate than I; he will be a great lord. The scamp

"The fashionable world wouldn't see you in your mother's bedroom," said Bixiou. "What would it cost you to

"Whew!" cried Philippe, winking. "So you come from them, do you? I'm an old camel, who knows all about

genuflections. My mother makes the excuse of her last illness to get something out of me for Joseph. No,

When Bixiou related this scene to Joseph, the poor painter was chilled to the very soul.

"Does Philippe know I am ill?" asked Agathe in a piteous tone, the day after Bixiou had rendered an account

Joseph left the room, suffocating with emotion. The Abbe Loraux, who was sitting by the bedside of his

penitent, took her hand and pressed it, and then he answered, "Alas! my child, you have never had but one

The words, which Agathe understood but too well, conveyed a shock which was the beginning of the end.

In the delirium which preceded death, the words, "Whom does Philippe take after?" escaped her.

Joseph followed his mother to the grave alone. Philippe had gone, on business it was said, to Orleans; in

reality, he was driven from Paris by the following letter, which Joseph wrote to him a moment after their

Monster! my poor mother has died of the shock your letter caused her. Wear mourning, but pretend illness; I

The painter, who no longer had the heart to paint, though his bitter grief sorely needed the mechanical

distraction which labor is wont to give, was surrounded by friends who agreed with one another never to

leave him entirely alone. Thus it happened that Bixiou, who loved Joseph as much as a satirist can love any

one, was sitting in the atelier with a group of other friends about two weeks after Agathe's funeral. The

servant entered with a letter, brought by an old woman, she said, who was waiting below for the answer.

Monsieur,To you, whom I scarcely dare to call my brother, I am forced to address myself, if only on

Joseph turned the page and read the signature. The name "Comtesse Flore de Brambourg" made him shudder.

"That brigand," he cried, "is the devil's own. And he calls himself a man of honor! And he wears a lot of

crosses on his breast! And he struts about at court instead of being bastinadoed! And the scoundrel is called

"After all," said Joseph, "the Rabouilleuse deserves her fate, whatever it is. She is not worth pitying; she'd

have had my neck wrung like a chicken's without so much as saying, 'He's innocent.'"

Joseph flung away the letter, but Bixiou caught it in the air, and read it aloud, as follows:

Is it decent that the Comtesse Bridau de Brambourg should die in a hospital, no matter what may have been

her faults? If such is to be my fate, if such is your determination and that of monsieur le comte, so be it; but if

so, will you, who are the friend of Doctor Bianchon, ask him for a permit to let me enter a hospital?

The person who carries this letter has been eleven consecutive days to the hotel de Brambourg, rue de Clichy,

without getting any help from my husband. The poverty in which I now am prevents my employing a lawyer

to make a legal demand for what is due to me, that I may die with decency. Nothing can save me, I know that.

In case you are unwilling to see your unhappy sisterinlaw, send me, at least, the money to end my days.

Your brother desires my death; he has always desired it. He warned me that he knew three ways of killing a

In case you will consent to relieve me, and judge for yourself the misery in which I now am, I live in the rue

du Houssay, at the corner of the rue Chantereine, on the fifth floor. If I cannot pay my rent tomorrow I shall

"Let us send for the woman who brought the letter; we may get the preface of the story," said Bixiou.

The woman presently appeared, looking, as Bixiou observed, like perambulating rags. She was, in fact, a

mass of old gowns, one on top of another, fringed with mud on account of the weather, the whole mounted on

two thick legs with heavy feet which were illcovered by ragged stockings and shoes from whose cracks the

water oozed upon the floor. Above the mound of rags rose a head like those that Charlet has given to his

scavengerwomen, caparisoned with a filthy bandanna handkerchief slit in the folds.

"What is your name?" said Joseph, while Bixiou sketched her, leaning on an umbrella belonging to the year

"Madame Gruget, at your service. I've seen better days, my young gentleman," she said to Bixiou, whose

laugh affronted her. "If my poor girl hadn't had the illluck to love some one too much, you wouldn't see me

what I am. She drowned herself in the river, my poor Ida, saving your presence! I've had the folly to nurse

up a quaterne, and that's why, at seventyseven years of age, I'm obliged to take care of sick folks for ten

"without clothes?" said Bixiou. "My grandmother nursed up a trey, but she dressed herself properly."

"In the first place, she hasn't got any money; and then she has a disease that scares the doctors. She owes me

for sixty days' nursing; that's why I keep on nursing her. The husband, who is a count,she is really a

countess,will no doubt pay me when she is dead; and so I've lent her all I had. And now I haven't anything;

all I did have has gone to the pawnbrokers. She owes me fortyseven francs and twelve sous, beside thirty

francs for the nursing. She wants to kill herself with charcoal. I tell her it ain't right; and, indeed, I've had to

get the concierge to look after her while I'm gone, or she's likely to jump out of the window."

"Ah! monsieur, the doctor from the Sisters' hospital came; but as to the disease," said Madame Gruget,

assuming a modest air, "he told me she must go to the hospital. The case is hopeless."

Plunging his hand into the skull and taking out all his remaining money, the painter called a coach from the

rue Mazarin and went to find Bianchon, who was fortunately at home. Meantime Bixiou went off at full

speed to the rue de Bussy, after Desroches. The four friends reached Flore's retreat in the rue du Houssay an

"That Mephistopheles on horseback, named Philippe Bridau," said Bixiou, as they mounted the staircase,

"has sailed his boat cleverly to get rid of his wife. You know our old friend Lousteau? well, Philippe paid him

a thousand francs a month to keep Madame Bridau in the society of Florine, Mariette, Tullia, and the

ValNoble. When Philippe saw his crabgirl so used to pleasure and dress that she couldn't do without them,

he stopped paying the money, and left her to get it as she couldit is easy to know how. By the end of

eighteen months, the brute had forced his wife, stage by stage, lower and lower; till at last, by the help of a

young officer, he gave her a taste for drinking. As he went up in the world, his wife went down; and the

countess is now in the mud. The girl, bred in the country, has a strong constitution. I don't know what means

Philippe has lately taken to get rid of her. I am anxious to study this precious little drama, for I am

determined to avenge Joseph here. Alas, friends," he added, in a tone which left his three companions in

doubt whether he was jesting or speaking seriously, "give a man over to a vice and you'll get rid of him.

Didn't Hugo say: 'She loved a ball, and died of it'? So it is. My grandmother loved the lottery. Old Rouget

loved a loose life, and Lolotte killed him. Madame Bridau, poor woman, loved Philippe, and perished of it.

Vice! vice! my dear friends, do you want to know what vice is? It is the Bonneau of death."

Above the fourth floor, the young men were forced to climb one of the steep, straight stairways that are

almost ladders, by which the attics of Parisian houses are often reached. Though Joseph, who remembered

Flore in all her beauty, expected to see some frightful change, he was not prepared for the hideous spectacle

which now smote his artist's eye. In a room with bare, unpapered walls, under the sharp pitch of an attic roof,

on a cot whose scanty mattress was filled, perhaps, with refuse cotton, a woman lay, green as a body that has

been drowned two days, thin as a consumptive an hour before death. This putrid skeleton had a miserable

checked handkerchief bound about her head, which had lost its hair. The circle round the hollow eyes was

red, and the eyelids were like the pellicle of an egg. Nothing remained of the body, once so captivating, but

an ignoble, bony structure. As Flore caught sight of the visitors, she drew across her breast a bit of muslin

which might have been a fragment of a windowcurtain, for it was edged with rust as from a rod. The young

men saw two chairs, a broken bureau on which was a tallowcandle stuck into a potato, a few dishes on the

floor, and an earthen firepot in a corner of the chimney, in which there was no fire; this was all the furniture

of the room. Bixiou noticed the remaining sheets of writingpaper, brought from some neighboring grocery

for the letter which the two women had doubtless concocted together. The word "disgusting" is a positive to

which no superlative exists, and we must therefore use it to convey the impression caused by this sight. When

the dying woman saw Joseph approaching her, two great tears rolled down her cheeks.

"She can still weep!" whispered Bixiou. "A strange sight,tears from dominos! It is like the miracle of

"In the fires of repentance," said Flore. "I cannot get a priest; I have nothing, not even a crucifix, to help me

see God. Ah, monsieur!" she cried, raising her arms, that were like two pieces of carved wood, "I am a guilty

woman; but God never punished any one as he has punished me! Philippe killed Max, who advised me to do

"Leave me alone with her," said Bianchon, "and let me find out if the disease is curable."

"If you cure her, Philippe Bridau will die of rage," said Desroches. "I am going to draw up a statement of the

condition in which we have found his wife. He has not brought her before the courts as an adulteress, and

therefore her rights as a wife are intact: he shall have the shame of a suit. But first, we must remove the

Comtesse de Brambourg to the private hospital of Doctor Dubois, in the rue du FaubourgSaintDenis. She

will be well cared for there. Then I will summon the count for the restoration of the conjugal home."

"Bravo, Desroches!" cried Bixiou. "What a pleasure to do so much good that will make some people feel so

"I am going straight to Despleins," he said. "He can save the woman by an operation. Ah! he will take good

care of the case, for her abuse of liquor has developed a magnificent disease which was thought to be lost."

But Bianchon was already out of sight, so great was his haste to tell Despleins the wonderful news. Two

hours later, Joseph's miserable sisterinlaw was removed to the decent hospital established by Doctor

Dubois, which was afterward bought of him by the city of Paris. Three weeks later, the "Hospital Gazette"

published an account of one of the boldest operations of modern surgery, on a case designated by the initials

"F. B." The patient died,more from the exhaustion produced by misery and starvation than from the effects

No sooner did this occur, than the Comte de Brambourg went, in deep mourning, to call on the Comte de

Soulanges, and inform him of the sad loss he had just sustained. Soon after, it was whispered about in the

fashionable world that the Comte de Soulanges would shortly marry his daughter to a parvenu of great merit,

who was about to be appointed brigadiergeneral and receive command of a regiment of the Royal Guard. De

Marsay told this news to Eugene de Rastignac, as they were supping together at the Rocher de Cancale,

Among the many old friends whom Philippe now refused to recognize, there were some, like Giroudeau, who

were unable to revenge themselves; but it happened that he had wounded Bixiou, who, thanks to his brilliant

qualities, was everywhere received, and who never forgave an insult. One day at the Rocher de Cancale,

before a number of wellbred persons who were supping there, Philippe had replied to Bixiou, who spoke of

visiting him at the hotel de Brambourg: "You can come and see me when you are made a minister."

"Am I to turn Protestant before I can visit you?" said Bixiou, pretending to misunderstand the speech; but he

said to himself, "You may be Goliath, but I have got my sling, and plenty of stones."

The next day he went to an actor, who was one of his friends, and metamorphosed himself, by the

allpowerful aid of dress, into a secularized priest with green spectacles; then he took a carriage and drove to

the hotel de Soulanges. Received by the count, on sending in a message that he wanted to speak with him on

a matter of serious importance, he related in a feigned voice the whole story of the dead countess, the secret

particulars of whose horrible death had been confided to him by Bianchon; the history of Agathe's death; the

history of old Rouget's death, of which the Comte de Brambourg had openly boasted; the history of Madame

Descoings's death; the history of the theft from the newspaper; and the history of Philippe's private morals

"Monsieur le comte, don't give him your daughter until you have made every inquiry; interrogate his former

Three months later, the Comte de Brambourg gave a supper to du Tillet, Nucingen, Eugene de Rastignac,

Maxime de Trailles, and Henri de Marsay. The amphitryon accepted with much nonchalance the half

consolatory condolences they made to him as to his rupture with the house of Soulanges.

"How much money must a man have to marry a demoiselle de Grandlieu?" asked Philippe of de Marsay.

"You? They wouldn't give you the ugliest of the six for less than ten millions," answered de Marsay

"Bah!" said Rastignac. "With an income of two hundred thousand francs you can have Mademoiselle de

Langeais, the daughter of the marquis; she is thirty years old, and ugly, and she hasn't a sou; that ought to suit

"It is now the 16th of January, 1829," cried du Tillet, laughing. "I have been hard at work for ten years and I

"We'll take counsel of each other," said Bridau; "you shall see how well I understand finance."

"Three millions, excluding my house and my estate, which I shall not sell; in fact, I cannot, for the property is

Nucingen and du Tillet looked at each other; after that sly glance du Tillet said to Philippe, "My dear count, I

De Marsay intercepted the look du Tillet had exchanged with Nucingen, and which meant, "We will have

those millions." The two bank magnates were at the centre of political affairs, and could, at a given time,

manipulate matters at the Bourse, so as to play a sure game against Philippe, when the probabilities might all

The occasion came. In July, 1830, du Tillet and Nucingen had helped the Comte de Brambourg to make

fifteen hundred thousand francs; he could therefore feel no distrust of those who had given him such good

advice. Philippe, who owed his rise to the Restoration, was misled by his profound contempt for "civilians";

he believed in the triumph of the Ordonnances, and was bent on playing for a rise; du Tillet and Nucingen,

who were sure of a revolution, played against him for a fall. The crafty pair confirmed the judgment of the

Comte de Brambourg and seemed to share his convictions; they encouraged his hopes of doubling his

millions, and apparently took steps to help him. Philippe fought like a man who had four millions depending

on the issue of the struggle. His devotion was so noticeable, that he received orders to go to SaintCloud with

the Duc de Maufrigneuse and attend a council. This mark of favor probably saved Philippe's life; for when

the order came, on the 25th of July, he was intending to make a charge and sweep the boulevards, when he

would undoubtedly have been shot down by his friend Giroudeau, who commanded a division of the

A month later, nothing was left of Colonel Bridau's immense fortune but his house and furniture, his estates,

and the pictures which had come from Issoudun. He committed the still further folly, as he said himself, of

believing in the restoration of the elder branch, to which he remained faithful until 1834. The not

imcomprehensible jealousy Philippe felt on seeing Giroudeau a colonel drove him to reenter the service.

Unluckily for himself, he obtained, in 1835, the command of a regiment in Algiers, where he remained three

years in a post of danger, always hoping for the epaulets of a general. But some malignant influencethat, in

fact, of General Giroudeau,continually balked him. Grown hard and brutal, Philippe exceeded the ordinary

At the beginning of the fatal year 1839, while making a sudden dash upon the Arabs during a retreat before

superior forces, he flung himself against the enemy, followed by only a single company, and fell in,

unfortunately, with the main body of the enemy. The battle was bloody and terrible, man to man, and only a

few horsemen escaped alive. Seeing that their colonel was surrounded, these men, who were at some

distance, were unwilling to perish uselessly in attempting to rescue him. They heard his cry: "Your colonel!

to me! a colonel of the Empire!" but they rejoined the regiment. Philippe met with a horrible death, for the

Joseph, who was married about this time, through the good offices of the Comte de Serizy, to the daughter of

a millionaire farmer, inherited his brother's house in Paris and the estate of Brambourg, in consequence of the

entail, which Philippe, had he foreseen this result, would certainly have broken. The chief pleasure the painter

derived from his inheritance was in the fine collection of paintings from Issoudun. He now possesses an

income of sixty thousand francs, and his fatherinlaw, the farmer, continues to pile up the fivefranc pieces.

Though Joseph Bridau paints magnificent pictures, and renders important services to artists, he is not yet a

member of the Institute. As the result of a clause in the deed of entail, he is now Comte de Brambourg, a fact

Note: The Two Brothers is also known as A Bachelor's Establishment and The Black Sheep. In other

Bianchon, Horace Father Goriot The Atheist's Mass Cesar Birotteau The Commission in Lunacy Lost

Illusions A Distinguished Provincial at Paris The Secrets of a Princess The Government Clerks Pierrette A

Study of Woman Scenes from a Courtesan's Life Honorine The Seamy Side of History The Magic Skin A

Second Home A Prince of Bohemia Letters of Two Brides The Muse of the Department The Imaginary

Mistress The Middle Classes Cousin Betty The Country Parson In addition, M. Bianchon narrated the

Bixiou, JeanJacques The Purse The Government Clerks Modeste Mignon Scenes from a Courtesan's Life

The Firm of Nucingen The Muse of the Department Cousin Betty The Member for Arcis Beatrix A Man of

Brambourg, Comte de (Title of Philippe Bridau, later Joseph) The Unconscious Humorists

Bridau, Joseph The Purse A Distinguished Provincial at Paris A Start in Life Modeste Mignon Another Study

Bruel, Jean Francois du The Government Clerks A Start in Life A Prince of Bohemia The Middle Classes A

Bruel, Claudine Chaffaroux, Madame du A Prince of Bohemia A Distinguished Provincial at Paris Letters of

Cabirolle, AgatheFlorentine A Start in Life Lost Illusions A Distinguished Provincial at Paris

Camusot A Distinguished Provincial at Paris Cousin Pons The Muse of the Department Cesar Birotteau At

Cardot, JeanJeromeSeverin A Start in Life Lost Illusions A Distinguished Provincial at Paris At the Sign

Chaulieu, Henri, Duc de Letters of Two Brides Modest Mignon Scenes from a Courtesan's Life The Thirteen

Claparon, Charles Cesar Birotteau Melmoth Reconciled The Firm of Nucingen A Man of Business The

Desplein The Atheist's Mass Cousin Pons Lost Illusions The Thirteen The Government Clerks Pierrette The

Desroches (son) Colonel Chabert A Start in Life A Woman of Thirty The Commission in Lunacy The

Government Clerks A Distinguished Provincial at Paris Scenes from a Courtesan's Life The Firm of

Finot, Andoche Cesar Birotteau A Distinguished Provincial at Paris Scenes from a Courtesan's Life The

Gaillard, Madame Theodore Jealousies of a Country Town A Distinguished Provincial at Paris Scenes from a

Giraud, Leon A Distinguished Provincial at Paris The Secrets of a Princess The Unconscious Humorists

Godeschal, FrancoisClaudeMarie Colonel Chabert A Start in Life The Commission in Lunacy The Middle

Grandlieu, Duc Ferdinand de The Gondreville Mystery The Thirteen Modeste Mignon Scenes from a

Haudry (doctor) Cesar Birotteau The Thirteen The Seamy Side of History Cousin Pons

Lora, Leon de The Unconscious Humorists A Start in Life Pierre Grassou Honorine Cousin Betty Beatrix

Lousteau, Etienne A Distinguished Provincial at Paris Scenes from a Courtesan's Life A Daughter of Eve

Beatrix The Muse of the Department Cousin Betty A Prince of Bohemia A Man of Business The Middle

Lupeaulx, Clement Chardin des The Muse of the Department Eugenie Grandet A Distinguished Provincial at

Matifat (wealthy druggist) Cesar Birotteau Lost Illusions A Distinguished Provincial at Paris The Firm of

Maufrigneuse, Duc de The Secrets of a Princess A Start in Life Scenes from a Courtesan's Life

Nathan, Madame Raoul The Muse of the Department Lost Illusions A Distinguished Provincial at Paris

Scenes from a Courtesan's Life The Government Clerks Ursule Mirouet Eugenie Grandet The Imaginary

Navarreins, Duc de Colonel Chabert The Muse of the Department The Thirteen Jealousies of a Country Town

The Peasantry Scenes from a Courtesan's Life The Country Parson The Magic Skin The Gondreville Mystery

Rhetore, Duc Alphonse de A Distinguished Provincial at Paris Scenes from a Courtesan's Life Letters of Two

Schinner, Hippolyte The Purse Pierre Grassou A Start in Life Albert Savarus The Government Clerks

Serizy, Comte Hugret de A Start in Life Honorine Modeste Mignon Scenes from a Courtesan's Life

Tillet, Ferdinand du Cesar Birotteau The Firm of Nucingen The Middle Classes Pierrette Melmoth

Reconciled A Distinguished Provincial at Paris The Secrets of a Princess A Daughter of Eve The Member for

Touches, Mademoiselle Felicite des Beatrix Lost Illusions A Distinguished Provincial at Paris Another Study

Vernou, Felicien Lost Illusions A Distinguished Provincial at Paris Scenes from a Courtesan's Life A