Thomas Hardy ..........................................................................................................................................1

Preface ......................................................................................................................................................2

CHAPTER I. DESCRIPTION OF FARMER OAK AN INCIDENT ................................................3

CHAPTER III. A GIRL ON HORSEBACK CONVERSATION...................................................10

CHAPTER IV. GABRIEL'S RESOLVE THE VISIT THE MISTAKE....................................15

CHAPTER V. DEPARTURE OF BATHSHEBA A PASTORAL TRAGEDY ..............................21

CHAPTER VI. THE FAIR THE JOURNEY THE FIRE ...........................................................23

CHAPTER VII. RECOGNITION A TIMID GIRL.........................................................................30

CHAPTER VIII. THE MALTHOUSE THE CHAT NEWS ......................................................32

CHAPTER IX. THE HOMESTEAD A VISITOR HALFCONFIDENCES ............................44

CHAPTER X. MISTRESS AND MEN .................................................................................................48

CHAPTER XI. OUTSIDE THE BARRACKS SNOW A MEETING .......................................53

CHAPTER XII. FARMERS A RULE IN EXCEPTION...........................................................57

CHAPTER XIII. SORTES SANCTORUM THE VALENTINE....................................................59

CHAPTER XIV. EFFECT OF THE LETTER SUNRISE ...............................................................62

CHAPTER XV. A MORNING MEETING THE LETTER AGAIN..............................................65

CHAPTER XVI. ALL SAINTS' AND ALL SOULS' ...........................................................................71

CHAPTER XVII. IN THE MARKETPLACE....................................................................................73

CHAPTER XVIII. BOLDWOOD IN MEDITATION REGRET ....................................................74

CHAPTER XIX. THE SHEEPWASHING THE OFFER.............................................................76

CHAPTER XX. PERPLEXITY GRINDING THE SHEARS A QUARREL ............................80

CHAPTER XXI. TROUBLES IN THE FOLD A MESSAGE ........................................................84

CHAPTER XXII. THE GREAT BARN AND THE SHEEPSHEARERS.........................................88

CHAPTER XXIII. EVENTIDE A SECOND DECLARATION .....................................................94

CHAPTER XXIV. THE SAME NIGHT THE FIR PLANTATION...............................................98

CHAPTER XXV. THE NEW ACQUAINTANCE DESCRIBED ......................................................102

CHAPTER XXVI. SCENE ON THE VERGE OF THE HAYMEAD.............................................104

CHAPTER XXVII. HIVING THE BEES...........................................................................................110

CHAPTER XXVIII. THE HOLLOW AMID THE FERNS ................................................................112

CHAPTER XXIX. PARTICULARS OF A TWILIGHT WALK.......................................................116

CHAPTER XXX. HOT CHEEKS AND TEARFUL EYES...............................................................120

CHAPTER XXXI. BLAME FURY...............................................................................................123

CHAPTER XXXII. NIGHT HORSES TRAMPING .....................................................................128

CHAPTER XXXIII. IN THE SUN A HARBINGER ....................................................................134

CHAPTER XXXIV. HOME AGAIN A TRICKSTER ..................................................................139

CHAPTER XXXV. AT AN UPPER WINDOW .................................................................................147

CHAPTER XXXVI. WEALTH IN JEOPARDY THE REVEL ....................................................149

CHAPTER XXXVII. THE STORM THE TWO TOGETHER.....................................................154

CHAPTER XXXVIII. RAIN ONE SOLITARY MEETS ANOTHER.........................................158

CHAPTER XXXIX. COMING HOME A CRY ............................................................................160

CHAPTER XL. ON CASTERBRIDGE HIGHWAY.........................................................................163

CHAPTER XLI. SUSPICION FANNY IS SENT FOR................................................................167

CHAPTER XLII. JOSEPH AND HIS BURDEN ................................................................................174

CHAPTER XLIII. FANNY'S REVENGE ...........................................................................................181

CHAPTER XLIV. UNDER A TREE REACTION.......................................................................186

CHAPTER XLV. TROY'S ROMANTICISM .....................................................................................191

CHAPTER XLVI. THE GURGOYLE: ITS DOINGS .......................................................................194

CHAPTER XLVII. ADVENTURES BY THE SHORE.....................................................................198

CHAPTER XLVIII. DOUBTS ARISE DOUBTS LINGER.........................................................199

CHAPTER XLIX. OAK'S ADVANCEMENT A GREAT HOPE................................................202

CHAPTER L. THE SHEEP FAIR TROY TOUCHES HIS WIFE'S HAND................................205

CHAPTER LI. BATHSHEBA TALKS WITH HER OUTRIDER .....................................................212

CHAPTER LII. CONVERGING COURSES ......................................................................................217

CHAPTER LIII. CONCURRITUR HORAE MOMENTO...........................................................224

CHAPTER LIV. AFTER THE SHOCK ..............................................................................................231

CHAPTER LV. THE MARCH FOLLOWING "BATHSHEBA BOLDWOOD" .........................234

CHAPTER LVI. BEAUTY IN LONELINESS AFTER ALL .......................................................236

CHAPTER LVII. A FOGGY NIGHT AND MORNING CONCLUSION...................................242

In reprinting this story for a new edition I am reminded that it was in the chapters of "Far from the Madding

Crowd" as they appeared month by month in a popular magazine, that I first ventured to adopt the word

"Wessex" from the pages of early English history, and give it a fictitious significance as the existing name of

the district once included in that extinct kingdom. The series of novels I projected being mainly of the kind

called local, they seemed to require a territorial definition of some sort to lend unity to their scene. Finding

that the area of a single country did not afford a canvas large enough for this purpose, and that there were

objections to an invented name, I disinterred the old one. The press and the public were kind enough to

welcome the fanciful plan, and willingly joined me in the anachronism of imagining a Wessex population

living under Queen Victoria; a modern Wessex of railways, the penny post, mowing and reaping

machines, union workhouses, lucifer matches, labourers who could read and write, and National school

children. But I believe I am correct in stating that, until the existence of this contemporaneous Wessex was

announced in the present story, in 1874, it had never been heard of, and that the expression, "a Wessex

peasant" or "a Wessex custom" would theretofore have been taken to refer to nothing later in date than the

I did not anticipate that this application of the word to a modern use would extend outside the chapters of my

own chronicles. But the name was soon taken up elsewhere as a local designation. The first to do so was the

now defunct Examiner, which, in the impression bearing date July 15, 1876, entitled one of its articles "The

Wessex Labourer," the article turning out to be no dissertation on farming during the Heptarchy, but on the

modern peasant of the southwest counties, and his presentation in these stories.

Since then the appellation which I had thought to reserve to the horizons and landscapes of a merely realistic

dream country, has become more and more popular as a practical definition; and the dreamcountry has, by

degrees, solidified into a utilitarian region which people can go to, take a house in, and write to the papers

from. But I ask all good and gentle readers to be so kind as to forget this, and to refuse steadfastly to believe

that there are any inhabitants of a Victorian Wessex outside the pages of this and the companion volumes in

Moreover, the village called Weatherbury, wherein the scenes of the present story of the series are for the

most part laid, would perhaps be hardly discernible by the explorer, without help, in any existing place

nowadays; though at the time, comparatively recent, at which the tale was written, a sufficient reality to meet

the descriptions, both of backgrounds and personages, might have been traced easily enough. The church

remains, by great good fortune, unrestored and intact, and a few of the old houses; but the ancient

malthouse, which was formerly so characteristic of the parish, has been pulled down these twenty years;

also most of the thatched and dormered cottages that were once lifeholds. The game of prisoner's base, which

not so long ago seemed to enjoy a perennial vitality in front of the wornout stocks, may, so far as I can say,

be entirely unknown to the rising generation of schoolboys there. The practice of divination by Bible and key,

the regarding of valentines as things of serious import, the shearingsupper, and the harvesthome, have, too,

nearly disappeared in the wake of the old houses; and with them have gone, it is said, much of that love of

fuddling to which the village at one time was notoriously prone. The change at the root of this has been the

recent supplanting of the class of stationary cottagers, who carried on the local traditions and humours, by a

population of more or less migratory labourers, which has led to a break of continuity in local history, more

fatal than any other thing to the preservation of legend, folklore, close intersocial relations, and eccentric

individualities. For these the indispensable conditions of existence are attachment to the soil of one particular

WHEN Farmer Oak smiled, the corners of his mouth spread till they were within an unimportant distance of

his ears, his eyes were reduced to chinks, and diverging wrinkles appeared round them, extending upon his

His Christian name was Gabriel, and on working days he was a young man of sound judgment, easy motions,

proper dress, and general good character. On Sundays he was a man of misty views, rather given to

postponing, and hampered by his best clothes and umbrella: upon the whole, one who felt himself to occupy

morally that vast middle space of Laodicean neutrality which lay between the Communion people of the

parish and the drunken section, that is, he went to church, but yawned privately by the time the

congegation reached the Nicene creed, and thought of what there would be for dinner when he meant to be

listening to the sermon. Or, to state his character as it stood in the scale of public opinion, when his friends

and critics were in tantrums, he was considered rather a bad man; when they were pleased, he was rather a

good man; when they were neither, he was a man whose moral colour was a kind of pepperandsalt

Since he lived six times as many workingdays as Sundays, Oak's appearance in his old clothes was most

peculiarly his own the mental picture formed by his neighbours in imagining him being always dressed in

that way. He wore a lowcrowned felt hat, spread out at the base by tight jamming upon the head for security

in high winds, and a coat like Dr. Johnson's; his lower extremities being encased in ordinary leather leggings

and boots emphatically large, affording to each foot a roomy apartment so constructed that any wearer might

stand in a river all day long and know nothing of damp their maker being a conscientious man who

endeavoured to compensate for any weakness in his cut by unstinted dimension and solidity.

Mr. Oak carried about him, by way of watch, what may be called a small silver clock; in other words, it was a

watch as to shape and intention, and a small clock as to size. This instrument being several years older than

Oak's grandfather, had the peculiarity of going either too fast or not at all. The smaller of its hands, too,

occasionally slipped round on the pivot, and thus, though the minutes were told with precision, nobody could

be quite certain of the hour they belonged to. The stopping peculiarity of his watch Oak remedied by thumps

and shakes, and he escaped any evil consequences from the other two defects by constant comparisons with

and observations of the sun and stars, and by pressing his face close to the glass of his neighbours' windows,

till he could discern the hour marked by the green faced timekeepers within. It may be mentioned that Oak's

fob being difficult of access, by reason of its somewhat high situation in the waistband of his trousers (which

also lay at a remote height under his waistcoat), the watch was as a necessity pulled out by throwing the body

to one side, compressing the mouth and face to a mere mass of ruddy flesh on account of the exertion

But some thoughtful persons, who had seen him walking across one of his fields on a certain December

morning sunny and exceedingly mild might have regarded Gabriel Oak in other aspects than these. In

his face one might notice that many of the hues and curves of youth had tarried on to manhood: there even

remained in his remoter crannies some relics of the boy. His height and breadth would have been sufficient to

make his presence imposing, had they been exhibited with due consideration. But there is a way some men

have, rural and urban alike, for which the mind is more responsible than flesh and sinew: it is a way of

curtailing their dimensions by their manner of showing them. And from a quiet modesty that would have

become a vestal which seemed continually to impress upon him that he had no great claim on the world's

room, Oak walked unassumingly and with a faintly perceptible bend, yet distinct from a bowing of the

shoulders. This may be said to be a defect in an individual if he depends for his valuation more upon his

He had just reached the time of life at which "young" is ceasing to be the prefix of "man" in speaking of one.

He was at the brightest period of masculine growth, for his intellect and his emotions were clearly separated:

he had passed the time during which the influence of youth indiscriminately mingles them in the character of

impulse, and he had not yet arrived at the stage wherein they become united again, in the character of

prejudice, by the influence of a wife and family. In short, he was twentyeight, and a bachelor.

The field he was in this morning sloped to a ridge called Norcombe Hill. Through a spur of this hill ran the

highway between Emminster and ChalkNewton. Casually glancing over the hedge, Oak saw coming down

the incline before him an ornamental spring waggon, painted yellow and gaily marked, drawn by two horses,

a waggoner walking alongside bearing a whip perpendicularly. The waggon was laden with household goods

and window plants, and on the apex of the whole sat a woman, young and attractive. Gabriel had not beheld

the sight for more than half a minute, when the vehicle was brought to a standstill just beneath his eyes.

"Then I heard it fall," said the girl, in a soft, though not particularly low voice. "I heard a noise I could not

The sensible horses stood perfectly still, and the waggoner's steps sank fainter and fainter in the distance.

The girl on the summit of the load sat motionless, surrounded by tables and chairs with their legs upwards,

backed by an oak settle, and ornamented in front by pots of geraniums, myrtles, and cactuses, together with a

caged canary all probably from the windows of the house just vacated. There was also a cat in a willow

basket, from the partlyopened lid of which she gazed with halfclosed eyes, and affectionatelysurveyed

The handsome girl waited for some time idly in her place, and the only sound heard in the stillness was the

hopping of the canary up and down the perches of its prison. Then she looked attentively downwards. It was

not at the bird, nor at the cat; it was at an oblong package tied in paper, and lying between them. She turned

her head to learn if the waggoner were coming. He was not yet in sight; and her eyes crept back to the

package, her thoughts seeming to run upon what was inside it. At length she drew the article into her lap, and

untied the paper covering; a small swing looking glass was disclosed, in which she proceeded to survey

It was a fine morning, and the sun lighted up to a scarlet glow the crimson jacket she wore, and painted a soft

lustre upon her bright face and dark hair. The myrtles, geraniums, and cactuses packed around her were fresh

and green, and at such a leafless season they invested the whole concern of horses, waggon, furniture, and

girl with a peculiar vernal charm. What possessed her to indulge in such a performance in the sight of the

sparrows, blackbirds, and unperceived farmer who were alone its spectators, whether the smile began as a

factitious one, to test her capacity in that art, nobody knows; it ended certainly in a real smile. She blushed

The change from the customary spot and necessary occasion of such an act from the dressing hour in a

bedroom to a time of travelling out of doors lent to the idle deed a novelty it did not intrinsically possess.

The picture was a delicate one. Woman's prescriptive infirmity had stalked into the sunlight, which had

clothed it in the freshness of an originality. A cynical inference was irresistible by Gabriel Oak as he regarded

the scene, generous though he fain would have been. There was no necessity whatever for her looking in the

glass. She did not adjust her hat, or pat her hair, or press a dimple into shape, or do one thing to signify that

any such intention had been her motive in taking up the glass. She simply observed herself as a fair product

of Nature in the feminine kind, her thoughts seeming to glide into faroff though likely dramas in which men

would play a part vistas of probable triumphs the smiles being of a phase suggesting that hearts were

imagined as lost and won. Still, this was but conjecture, and the whole series of actions was so idly put forth

The waggoner's steps were heard returning. She put the glass in the paper, and the whole again into its place.

When the waggon had passed on, Gabriel withdrew from his point of espial, and descending into the road,

followed the vehicle to the turnpikegate some way beyond the bottom of the hill, where the object of his

contemplation now halted for the payment of toll. About twenty steps still remained between him and the

gate, when he heard a dispute. It was a difference concerning twopence between the persons with the waggon

"Mis'ess's niece is upon the top of the things, and she says that's enough that I've offered ye, you great miser,

"Very well; then mis'ess's niece can't pass," said the turnpikekeeper, closing the gate.

Oak looked from one to the other of the disputants, and fell into a reverie. There was something in the tone of

twopence remarkably insignificant. Threepence had a definite value as money it was an appreciable

infringement on a day's wages, and, as such, a higgling matter; but twopence "Here," he said, stepping

forward and handing twopence to the gatekeeper; "let the young woman pass." He looked up at her then; she

Gabriel's features adhered throughout their form so exactly to the middle line between the beauty of St. John

and the ugliness of Judas Iscariot, as represented in a window of the church he attended, that not a single

lineament could be selected and called worthy either of distinction or notoriety. The redjacketed and

darkhaired maiden seemed to think so too, for she carelessly glanced over him, and told her man to drive on.

She might have looked her thanks to Gabriel on a minute scale, but she did not speak them; more probably

she felt none, for in gaining her a passage he had lost her her point, and we know how women take a favour

The gatekeeper surveyed the retreating vehicle. "That's a handsome maid," he said to Oak.

Gabriel, perhaps a little piqued by the comely traveller's indifference, glanced back to where he had

IT was nearly midnight on the eve of St. Thomas's, the shortest day in the year. A desolating wind wandered

from the north over the hill whereon Oak had watched the yellow waggon and its occupant in the sunshine of

Norcombe Hill not far from lonely TollerDown was one of the spots which suggest to a passerby

that he is in the presence of a shape approaching the indestructible as nearly as any to be found on earth. It

was a featureless convexity of chalk and soil an ordinary specimen of those smoothly outlined

protuberances of the globe which may remain undisturbed on some great day of confusion, when far grander

The hill was covered on its northern side by an ancient and decaying plantation of beeches, whose upper

verge formed a line over the crest, fringing its arched curve against the sky, like a mane. Tonight these trees

sheltered the southern slope from the keenest blasts, which smote the wood and floundered through it with a

sound as of grumbling, or gushed over its crowning boughs in a weakened moan. The dry leaves in the ditch

simmered and boiled in the same breezes, a tongue of air occasionally ferreting out a few, and sending them

spinning across the grass. A group or two of the latest in date amongst the dead multitude had remained till

this very midwinter time on the twigs which bore them and in falling rattled against the trunks with smart

Between this halfwooded half naked hill, and the vague still horizon that its summit indistinctly

commanded, was a mysterious sheet of fathomless shade the sounds from which suggested that what it

concealed bore some reduced resemblance to features here. The thin grasses, more or less coating the hill,

were touched by the wind in breezes of differing powers, and almost of differing natures one rubbing the

blades heavily, another raking them piercingly, another brushing them like a soft broom. The instinctive act

of humankind was to stand and listen, and learn how the trees on the right and the trees on the left wailed or

chaunted to each other in the regular antiphonies of a cathedral choir; how hedges and other shapes to

leeward then caught the note, lowering it to the tenderest sob; and how the hurrying gust then plunged into

The sky was clear remarkably clear and the twinkling of all the stars seemed to be but throbs of one

body, timed by a common pulse. The North Star was directly in the wind's eye, and since evening the Bear

had swung round it outwardly to the east, till he was now at a right angle with the meridian. A difference of

colour in the stars oftener read of than seen in England was really perceptible here. The sovereign

brilliancy of Sirius pierced the eye with a steely glitter, the star called Capella was yellow, Aldebaran and

To persons standing alone on a hill during a clear midnight such as this, the roll of the world eastward is

almost a palpable movement. The sensation may be caused by the panoramic glide of the stars past earthly

objects, which is perceptible in a few minutes of stillness, or by the better outlook upon space that a hill

affords, or by the wind, or by the solitude; but whatever be its origin, the impression of riding along is vivid

and abiding. The poetry of motion is a phrase much in use, and to enjoy the epic form of that gratification it is

necessary to stand on a hill at a small hour of the night, and, having first expanded with a sense of difference

from the mass of civilised mankind, who are dreamwrapt and disregardful of all such proceedings at this

time, long and quietly watch your stately progress through the stars. After such a nocturnal reconnoitre it is

hard to get back to earth, and to believe that the consciousness of such majestic speeding is derived from a

Suddenly an unexpected series of sounds began to be heard in this place up against the sky. They had a

clearness which was to be found nowhere in the wind, and a sequence which was to be found nowhere in

The tune was not floating unhindered into the open air: it seemed muffled in some way, and was altogether

too curtailed in power to spread high or wide. It came from the direction of a small dark object under the

plantation hedge a shepherd's hut now presenting an outline to which an uninitiated person might have

The image as a whole was that of a small Noah's Ark on a small Ararat, allowing the traditionary outlines and

general form of the Ark which are followed by toymakers and by these means are established in men's

imaginations among their firmest, because earliest impressions to pass as an approximate pattern. The hut

stood on little wheels, which raised its floor about a foot from the ground. Such shepherds' huts are dragged

into the fields when the lambing season comes on, to shelter the shepherd in his enforced nightly attendance.

It was only latterly that people had begun to call Gabriel "Farmer" Oak. During the twelvemonth preceding

this time he had been enabled by sustained efforts of industry and chronic good spirits to lease the small

sheepfarm of which Norcombe Hill was a portion, and stock it with two hundred sheep. Previously he had

been a bailiff for a short time, and earlier still a shepherd only, having from his childhood assisted his father

This venture, unaided and alone, into the paths of farming as master and not as man, with an advance of

sheep not yet paid for, was a critical juncture with Gabriel Oak, and he recognised his position clearly. The

first movement in his new progress was the lambing of his ewes, and sheep having been his speciality from

his youth, he wisely refrained from deputing the task of tending them at this season to a hireling or a novice.

The wind continued to beat about the corners of the hut, but the fluteplaying ceased. A rectangular space of

light appeared in the side of the hut, and in the opening the outline of Farmer Oak's figure. He carried a

lantern in his hand, and closing the door behind him, came forward and busied himself about this nook of the

field for nearly twenty minutes, the lantern light appearing and disappearing here and there, and brightening

Oak's motions, though they had a quietenergy, were slow, and their deliberateness accorded well with his

occupation. Fitness being the basis of beauty, nobody could have denied that his steady swings and turns in

and about the flock had elements of grace, Yet, although if occasion demanded he could do or think a thing

with as mercurial a dash as can the men of towns who are more to the manner born, his special power,

morally, physically, and mentally, was static, owing little or nothing to momentum as a rule.

A close examination of the ground hereabout, even by the wan starlight only, revealed how a portion of what

would have been casually called a wild slope had been appropriated by Farmer Oak for his great purpose this

winter. Detached hurdles thatched with straw were stuck into the ground at various scattered points, amid and

under which the whitish forms of his meek ewes moved and rustled. The ring of the sheepbell, which had

been silent during his absence, recommenced, in tones that had more mellowness than clearness, owing to an

increasing growth of surrounding wool. This continued till Oak withdrew again from the flock. He returned

to the hut, bringing in his arms a new born lamb, consisting of four legs large enough for a full grown

sheep, united by a seemingly inconsiderable membrane about half the substance of the legs collectively,

The little speck of life he placed on a wisp of hay before the small stove, where a can of milk was simmering.

Oak extinguished the lantern by blowing into it and then pinching the snuff, the cot being lighted by a candle

suspended by a twisted wire. A rather hard couch, formed of a few corn sacks thrown carelessly down,

covered half the floor of this little habitation, and here the young man stretched himself along, loosened his

woollen cravat, and closed his eyes. In about the time a person unaccustomed to bodily labour would have

The inside of the hut, as it now presented itself, was cosy and alluring, and the scarlet handful of fire in

addition to the candle, reflecting its own genial colour upon whatever it could reach, flung associations of

enjoyment even over utensils and tools. In the corner stood the sheepcrook, and along a shelf at one side

were ranged bottles and canisters of the simple preparations pertaining to ovine surgery and physic; spirits of

wine, turpentine, tar, magnesia, ginger, and castoroil being the chief. On a triangular shelf across the corner

stood bread, bacon, cheese, and a cup for ale or cider, which was supplied from a flagon beneath. Beside the

provisions lay the flute, whose notes had lately been called forth by the lonely watcher to beguile a tedious

hour. The house was ventilated by two round holes, like the lights of a ship's cabin, with wood slides.

The lamb, revived by the warmth began to bleat, and the sound entered Gabriel's ears and brain with an

instant meaning, as expected sounds will. Passing from the profoundest sleep to the most alert wakefulness

with the same ease that had accompanied the reverse operation, he looked at his watch, found that the

hourhand had shifted again, put on his hat, took the lamb in his arms, and carried it into the darkness. After

placing the little creature with its mother, he stood and carefully examined the sky, to ascertain the time of

The Dogstar and Aldebaran, pointing to the restless Pleiades, were halfway up the Southern sky, and

between them hung Orion, which gorgeous constellation never burnt more vividly than now, as it soared forth

above the rim of the landscape. Castor and Pollux with their quiet shine were almost on the meridian: the

barren and gloomy Square of Pegasus was creeping round to the northwest; far away through the plantation

Vega sparkled like a lamp suspended amid the leafless trees, and Cassiopeia's chair stood daintily poised on

Being a man not without a frequent consciousness that there was some charm in this life he led, he stood still

after looking at the sky as a useful instrument, and regarded it in an appreciative spirit, as a work of art

superlatively beautiful. For a moment he seemed impressed with the speaking loneliness of the scene, or

rather with the complete abstraction from all its compass of the sights and sounds of man. Human shapes,

interferences, troubles, and joys were all as if they were not, and there seemed to be on the shaded

hemisphere of the globe no sentient being save himself; he could fancy them all gone round to the sunny side.

Occupied thus, with eyes stretched afar, Oak gradually perceived that what he had previously taken to be a

star low down behind the outskirts of the plantation was in reality no such thing. It was an artificial light,

To find themselves utterly alone at night where company is desirable and expected makes some people

fearful; but a case more trying by far to the nerves is to discover some mysterious companionship when

intuition, sensation, memory, analogy, testimony, probability, induction every kind of evidence in the

logician's list have united to persuade consciousness that it is quite in isolation.

Farmer Oak went towards the plantation and pushed through its lower boughs to the windy side. A dim mass

under the slope reminded him that a shed occupied a place here, the site being a cutting into the slope of the

hill, so that at its back part the roof was almost level with the ground. In front it was formed of board nailed

to posts and covered with tar as a preservative. Through crevices in the roof and side spread streaks and dots

of light, a combination of which made the radiance that had attracted him. Oak stepped up behind,

where,leaning down upon the roof and putting his eye close to a hole, he could see into the interior clearly.

The place contained two women and two cows. By the side of the latter a steaming branmash stood in a

bucket. One of the women was past middle age. Her companion was apparently young and graceful; he could

form no decided opinion upon her looks, her position being almost beneath his eye, so that he saw her in a

bird'seye view, as Milton's Satan first saw Paradise. She wore no bonnet or hat, but had enveloped herself in

"There, now we'll go home," said the elder of the two, resting her knuckles upon her hips, and looking at their

goingson as a whole. "I do hope Daisy will fetch round again now. I have never been more frightened in my

The young woman, whose eyelids were apparently inclined to fall together on the smallest provocation of

silence, yawned without parting her lips to any inconvenient extent, whereupon Gabriel caught the infection

"As we are not, we must do them ourselves," said the other; "for you must help me if you stay."

"Well, my hat is gone, however," continued the younger. "It went over the hedge, I think. The idea of such a

The cow standing erect was of the Devon breed, and was encased in a tight warm hide of rich Indian red, as

absolutely uniform from eyes to tail as if the animal had been dipped in a dye of that colour, her long back

being mathematically level. The other was spotted, grey and white. Beside her Oak now noticed a little calf

about a day old, looking idiotically at the two women, which showed that it had not long been accustomed to

the phenomenon of eyesight, and often turning to the lantern, which it apparently mistook for the moon,

inherited instinct having as yet had little time for correction by experience. Between the sheep and the cows

"I think we had better send for some oatmeal," said the elder woman; "there's no more bran."

Oak, upon hearing these remarks, became more curious to observe her features, but this prospect being

denied him by the hooding effect of the cloak, and by his aerial position, he felt himself drawing upon his

fancy for their details. In making even horizontal and clear inspections we colour and mould according to the

wants within us whatever our eyes bring in. Had Gabriel been able from the first to get a distinct view of her

countenance, his estimate of it as very handsome or slightly so would have been as his soul required a

divinity at the moment or was ready supplied with one. Having for some time known the want of a

satisfactory form to fill an increasing void within him, his position moreover affording the widest scope for

By one of those whimsical coincidences in which Nature, like a busy mother, seems to spare a moment from

her unremitting labours to turn and make her children smile, the girl now dropped the cloak, and forth

tumbled ropes of black hair over a red jacket. Oak knew her instantly as the heroine of the yellow waggon,

They placed the calf beside its mother again, took up the lantern, and went out, the light sinking down the hill

THE sluggish day began to break. Even its position terrestrially is one of the elements of a new interest, and

for no particular reason save that the incident of the night had occurred there Oak went again into the

plantation. Lingering and musing here, he heard the steps of a horse at the foot of the hill, and soon there

appeared in view an auburn pony with a girl on its back, ascending by the path leading past the cattleshed.

She was the young woman of the night before. Gabriel instantly thought of the hat she had mentioned as

having lost in the wind; possibly she had come to look for it. He hastily scanned the ditch and after walking

about ten yards along it found the hat among the leaves. Gabriel took it in his hand and returned to his hut.

Here he ensconced himself, and peeped through the loophole in the direction of the rider's approach.

She came up and looked around then on the other side of the hedge. Gabriel was about to advance and

restore the missing article when an unexpected performance induced him to suspend the action for the

present. The path, after passing the cowshed, bisected the plantation. It was not a bridlepath merely a

pedestrian's track, and the boughs spread horizontally at a height not greater than seven feet above the

ground, which made it impossible to ride erect beneath them. The girl, who wore no ridinghabit, looked

around for a moment, as if to assure herself that all humanity was out of view, then dexterously dropped

backwards flat upon the pony's back, her head over its tail, her feet against its shoulders, and her eyes to the

sky. The rapidity of her glide into this position was that of a kingfisher its noiselessness that of a hawk.

Gabriel's eyes had scarcely been able to follow her. The tall lank pony seemed used to such doings, and

The performer seemed quite at home anywhere between a horse's head and its tail, and the necessity for this

abnormal attitude having ceased with the passage of the plantation, she began to adopt another, even more

obviously convenient than the first. She had no sidesaddle, and it was very apparent that a firm seat upon

the smooth leather beneath her was unattainable sideways. Springing to her accustomed perpendicular like a

bowed sapling, and satisfying herself that nobody was in sight, she seated herself in the manner demanded by

the saddle, though hardly expected of the woman, and trotted off in the direction of Tewnell Mill.

Oak was amused, perhaps a little astonished, and hanging up the hat in his hut, went again among his ewes.

An hour passed, the girl returned, properly seated now, with a bag of bran in front of her. On nearing the

cattleshed she was met by a boy bringing a milkingpail, who held the reins of the pony whilst she slid off.

Soon soft spirts alternating with loud spirts came in regular succession from within the shed, the obvious

sounds of a person milking a cow. Gabriel took the lost hat in his hand, and waited beside the path she would

She came, the pail in one hand, hanging against her knee. The left arm was extended as a balance, enough of

it being shown bare to make Oak wish that the event had happened in the summer, when the whole would

have been revealed. There was a bright air and manner about her now, by which she seemed to imply that the

desirability of her existence could not be questioned; and this rather saucy assumption failed in being

offensive because a beholder felt it to be, upon the whole, true. Like exceptional emphasis in the tone of a

genius, that which would have made mediocrity ridiculous was an addition to recognised power. It was with

some surprise that she saw Gabriel's face rising like the moon behind the hedge.

The adjustment of the farmer's hazy conceptions of her charms to the portrait of herself she now presented

him with was less a diminution than a difference. The startingpoint selected by the judgment was her height.

She seemed tall, but the pail was a small one, and the hedge diminutive; hence, making allowance for error

by comparison with these, she could have been not above the height to be chosen by women as best. All

features of consequence were severe and regular. It may have been observed by persons who go about the

shires with eyes for beauty, that in Englishwoman a classicallyformed face is seldom found to be united

with a figure of the same pattern, the highlyfinished features being generally too large for the remainder of

the frame; that a graceful and proportionate figure of eight heads usually goes off into random facial curves.

Without throwing a Nymphean tissue over a milkmaid, let it be said that here criticism checked itself as out

of place, and looked at her proportions with a long consciousness of pleasure. From the contours of her figure

in its upper part, she must have had a beautiful neck and shoulders; but since her infancy nobody had ever

seen them. Had she been put into a low dress she would have run and thrust her head into a bush. Yet she was

not a shy girl by any means; it was merely her instinct to draw the line dividing the seen from the unseen

That the girl's thoughts hovered about her face and form as soon as she caught Oak's eyes conning the same

page was natural, and almost certain. The selfconsciousness shown would have been vanity if a little more

pronounced, dignity if a little less. Rays of male vision seem to have a tickling effect upon virgin faces in

rural districts; she brushed hers with her hand, as if Gabriel had been irritating its pink surface by actual

touch, and the free air of her previous movements was reduced at the same time to a chastened phase of itself.

"It is mine," said she, and, from a sense of proportion, kept down to a small smile an inclination to laugh

"A large farm?" she inquired, casting her eyes round, and swinging back her hair, which was black in the

shaded hollows of its mass; but it being now an hour past sunrise the rays touched its prominent curves with a

"No; not large. About a hundred." (In speaking of farms the word "acres" is omitted by the natives, by

"Where?" she inquired, a misgiving bringing every muscle of her lineaments and frame to a standstill.

"Here going through the plantation, and all down the hill," said Farmer Oak, with an aspect excessively

knowing with regard to some matter in his mind, as he gazed at a remote point in the direction named, and

A perception caused him to withdraw his own eyes from hers as suddenly as if he had been caught in a theft.

Recollection of the strange antics she had indulged in when passing through the trees was succeeded in the

girl by a nettled palpitation, and that by a hot face. It was a time to see a woman redden who was not given to

reddening as a rule; not a point in the milkmaid but was of the deepest rosecolour. From the Maiden's Blush,

through all varieties of the Provence down to the Crimson Tuscany, the countenance of Oak's acquaintance

The sympathetic man still looked the other way, and wondered when she would recover coolness sufficient to

justify him in facing her again. He heard what seemed to be the flitting of a dead leaf upon the breeze, and

Five mornings and evenings passed. The young woman came regularly to milk the healthy cow or to attend to

the sick one, but never allowed her vision to stray in the direction of Oak's person. His want of tact had

deeply offended her not by seeing what he could not help, but by letting her know that he had seen it. For,

as without law there is no sin, without eyes there is no indecorum; and she appeared to feel that Gabriel's

espial had made her an indecorous woman without her own connivance. It was food for great regret with him;

it was also a CONTRETEMPS which touched into life a latent heat he had experienced in that direction.

The acquaintanceship might, however, have ended in a slow forgetting, but for an incident which occurred at

the end of the same week. One afternoon it began to freeze, and the frost increased with evening, which drew

on like a stealthy tightening of bonds. It was a time when in cottages the breath of the sleepers freezes to the

sheets; when round the drawingroom fire of a thickwalled mansion the sitters' backs are cold, even whilst

their faces are all aglow. Many a small bird went to bed supperless that night among the bare boughs.

As the milkinghour drew near, Oak kept his usual watch upon the cowshed. At last he felt cold, and shaking

an extra quantity of bedding round the yearling ewes he entered the hut and heaped more fuel upon the stove.

The wind came in at the bottom of the door, and to prevent it Oak laid a sack there and wheeled the cot round

a little more to the south. Then the wind spouted in at a ventilating hole of which there was one on each

Gabriel had always known that when the fire was lighted and the door closed one of these must be kept open

that chosen being always on the side away from the wind. Closing the slide to windward, he turned to

open the other; on second thoughts the farmer considered that he would first sit down leaving both closed for

a minute or two, till the temperature of the hut was a little raised. He sat down.

His head began to ache in an unwonted manner, and, fancying himself weary by reason of the broken rests of

the preceding nights, Oak decided to get up, open the slide, and then allow himself to fall asleep. He fell

How long he remained unconscious Gabriel never knew. During the first stages of his return to perception

peculiar deeds seemed to be in course of enactment. His dog was howling, his head was aching fearfully

On opening his eyes he found that evening had sunk to dusk in a strange manner of unexpectedness. The

young girl with the remarkably pleasant lips and white teeth was beside him. More than this astonishingly

more his head was upon her lap, his face and neck were disagreeably wet, and her fingers were

She seemed to experience mirth, but of too insignificant a kind to start enjoyment.

"Nothing now,' she answered, "since you are not dead. It is a wonder you were not suffocated in this hut of

"Ah, the hut!" murmured Gabriel. "I gave ten pounds for that hut. But I'll sell it, and sit under thatched

hurdles as they did in old times, and curl up to sleep in a lock of straw! It played me nearly the same trick the

"It was not exactly the fault of the hut," she observed in a tone which showed her to be that novelty among

women one who finished a thought before beginning the sentence which was to convey it. "You should, I

think, have considered, and not have been so foolish as to leave the slides closed."

"Yes I suppose I should," said Oak, absently. He was endeavouring to catch and appreciate the sensation of

being thus with her, his head upon her dress, before the event passed on into the heap of bygone things. He

wished she knew his impressions; but he would as soon have thought of carrying an odour in a net as of

attempting to convey the intangibilities of his feeling in the coarse meshes of language. So he remained

She made him sit up, and then Oak began wiping his face and shaking himself like a Samson. "How can I

thank 'ee?" he said at last, gratefully, some of the natural rusty red having returned to his face.

"Oh, never mind that," said the girl, smiling, and allowing her smile to hold good for Gabriel's next remark,

"I heard your dog howling and scratching at the door of the hut when I came to the milking (it was so lucky,

Daisy's milking is almost over for the season, and I shall not come here after this week or the next). The dog

saw me, and jumped over to me, and laid hold of my skirt. I came across and looked round the hut the very

first thing to see if the slides were closed. My uncle has a hut like this one, and I have heard him tell his

shepherd not to go to sleep without leaving a slide open. I opened the door, and there you were like dead. I

threw the milk over you, as there was no water, forgetting it was warm, and no use."

"I wonder if I should have died?" Gabriel said, in a low voice, which was rather meant to travel back to

"Oh no!" the girl replied. She seemed to prefer a less tragic probability; to have saved a man from death

involved talk that should harmonise with the dignity of such a deed and she shunned it.

"I believe you saved my life, Miss I don't know your name. I know your aunt's, but not yours."

"I would just as soon not tell it rather not. There is no reason either why I should, as you probably will

"And mine isn't. You seem fond of yours in speaking it so decisively, Gabriel Oak."

"You see, it is the only one I shall ever have, and I must make the most of it."

"Mercy! how many opinions you keep about you concerning other people, Gabriel Oak."

"Well, Miss excuse the words I thought you would like them. But I can't match you, I know, in

napping out my mind upon my tongue. I never was very clever in my inside. But I thank you. Come, give me

She hesitated, somewhat disconcerted at Oak's oldfashioned earnest conclusion to a dialogue lightly carried

on. "Very well," she said, and gave him her hand, compressing her lips to a demure impassivity. He held it

but an instant, and in his fear of being too demonstrative, swerved to the opposite extreme, touching her

Oak held it longer this time indeed, curiously long. "How soft it is being winter time, too not

"There that's long enough," said she, though without pulling it away. "But I suppose you are thinking you

THE only superiority in women that is tolerable to the rival sex is, as a rule, that of the unconscious kind; but

a superiority which recognizes itself may sometimes please by suggesting possibilities of capture to the

This wellfavoured and comely girl soon made appreciable inroads upon the emotional constitution of young

Love, being an extremely exacting usurer (a sense of exorbitant profit, spiritually, by an exchange of hearts,

being at the bottom of pure passions, as that of exorbitant profit, bodily or materially, is at the bottom of

those of lower atmosphere), every morning Oak's feelings were as sensitive as the moneymarket in

calculations upon his chances. His dog waited for his meals in a way so like that in which Oak waited for the

girl's presence, that the farmer was quite struck with the resemblance, felt it lowering, and would not look at

the dog. However, he continued to watch through the hedge for her regular coming, and thus his sentiments

towards her were deepened without any corresponding effect being produced upon herself. Oak had nothing

finished and ready to say as yet, and not being able to frame love phrases which end where they begin;

By making inquiries he found that the girl's name was Bathsheba Everdene, and that the cow would go dry in

At last the eighth day came. The cow had ceased to give milk for that year, and Bathsheba Everdene came up

the hill no more. Gabriel had reached a pitch of existence he never could have anticipated a short time before.

He liked saying "Bathsheba" as a private enjoyment instead of whistling; turned over his taste to black hair,

though he had sworn by brown ever since he was a boy, isolated himself till the space he filled in the public

eye was contemptibly small. Love is a possible strength in an actual weakness. Marriage transforms a

distraction into a support, the power of which should be, and happily often is, in direct proportion to the

degree of imbecility it supplants. Oak began now to see light in this direction, and said to himself, "I'll make

All this while he was perplexing himself about an errand on which he might consistently visit the cottage of

He found his opportunity in the death of a ewe, mother of a living lamb. On a day which had a summer face

and a winter constitution a fine January morning, when there was just enough blue sky visible to make

cheerfullydisposed people wish for more, and an occasional gleam of silvery sunshine, Oak put the lamb

into a respectable Sunday basket, and stalked across the fields to the house of Mrs. Hurst, the aunt

George, the dog walking behind, with a countenance of great concern at the serious turn pastoral affairs

Gabriel had watched the blue woodsmoke curling from the chimney with strange meditation. At evening he

had fancifully traced it down the chimney to the spot of its origin seen the hearth and Bathsheba beside it

beside it in her outdoor dress; for the clothes she had worn on the hill were by association equally with

her person included in the compass of his affection; they seemed at this early time of his love a necessary

He had made a toilet of a nicelyadjusted kind of a nature between the carefully neat and the carelessly

ornate of a degree between finemarketday and wetSunday selection. He thoroughly cleaned his silver

watchchain with whiting, put new lacing straps to his boots, looked to the brass eyeletholes, went to the

inmost heart of the plantation for a new walkingstick, and trimmed it vigorously on his way back; took a

new handkerchief from the bottom of his clothesbox, put on the light waistcoat patterned all over with

sprigs of an elegant flower uniting the beauties of both rose and lily without the defects of either, and used all

the hairoil he possessed upon his usually dry, sandy, and inextricably curly hair, till he had deepened it to a

splendidly novel colour, between that of guano and Roman cement, making it stick to his head like mace

Nothing disturbed the stillness of the cottage save the chatter of a knot of sparrows on the eaves; one might

fancy scandal and rumour to be no less the staple topic of these little coteries on roofs than of those under

them. It seemed that the omen was an unpropitious one, for, as the rather untoward commencement of Oak's

overtures, just as he arrived by the garden gate, he saw a cat inside, going into various arched shapes and

fiendish convulsions at the sight of his dog George. The dog took no notice , for he had arrived at an age at

which all superfluous barking was cynically avoided as a waste of breath in fact, he never barked even at

the sheep except to order, when it was done with an absolutely neutral countenance, as a sort of

Comminationservice, which, though offensive, had to be gone through once now and then to frighten the

"I beg your pardon," said Oak to the voice, "but George was walking on behind me with a temper as mild as

Almost before he had ceased speaking, Oak was seized with a misgiving as to whose ear was the recipient of

Gabriel meditated, and so deeply that he brought small furrows into his forehead by sheer force of reverie.

Where the issue of an interview is as likely to be a vast change for the worse as for the better, any initial

difference from expectation causes nipping sensations of failure. Oak went up to the door a little abashed: his

Bathsheba's aunt was indoors. "Will you tell Miss Everdene that somebody would be glad to speak to her?"

said Mr. Oak. (Calling one's self merely Somebody, without giving a name, is not to be taken as an example

of the illbreeding of the rural world: it springs from a refined modesty, of which townspeople, with their

"Oh, thank 'ee," said Gabriel, following her to the fireplace. "I've brought a lamb for Miss Everdene. I

"She might," said Mrs. Hurst, musingly; "though she's only a visitor here. If you will wait a minute,

"Yes, I will wait," said Gabriel, sitting down. "The lamb isn't really the business I came about, Mrs. Hurst. In

"Yes. Because if she would, I should be very glad to marry her. D'ye know if she's got any other young man

"Let me think," said Mrs. Hurst, poking the fire superfluously.... "Yes bless you, ever so many young

men. You see, Farmer Oak, she's so goodlooking, and an excellent scholar besides she was going to be a

governess once, you know, only she was too wild. Not that her young men ever come here but, Lord, in

"That's unfortunate," said Farmer Oak, contemplating a crack in the stone floor with sorrow. "I'm only an

everyday sort of man, and my only chance was in being the first comer... Well, there's no use in my waiting,

When Gabriel had gone about two hundred yards along the down, he heard a "hoihoi!" uttered behind him,

in a piping note of more treble quality than that in which the exclamation usually embodies itself when

shouted across a field. He looked round, and saw a girl racing after him, waving a white handkerchief.

Oak stood still and the runner drew nearer. It was Bathsheba Everdene. Gabriel's colour deepened: hers

"Farmer Oak I " she said, pausing for want of breath pulling up in front of him with a slanted face

"Yes I know that," she said panting like a robin, her face red and moist from her exertions, like a peony

petal before the sun dries off the dew. "I didn't know you had come to ask to have me, or I should have come

in from the garden instantly. I ran after you to say that my aunt made a mistake in sending you away from

Gabriel expanded. "I'm sorry to have made you run so fast, my dear," he said, with a grateful sense of favours

" It was quite a mistakeaunt's telling you I had a young man already," Bathsheba went on. "I haven't a

sweetheart at all and I never had one, and I thought that, as times go with women, it was SUCH a pity to

"Really and truly I am glad to hear that!" said Farmer Oak, smiling one of his long special smiles, and

blushing with gladness. He held out his hand to take hers, which, when she had eased her side by pressing it

there, was prettily extended upon her bosom to still her loudbeating heart. Directly he seized it she put it

"I have a nice snug little farm," said Gabriel, with half a degree less assurance than when he had seized her

"A man has advanced me money to begin with, but still, it will soon be paid off and though I am only an

everyday sort of man, I have got on a little since I was a boy." Gabriel uttered "a little" in a tone to show her

that it was the complacent form of "a great deal." He continued: "When we be married, I am quite sure I can

He went forward and stretched out his arm again. Bathsheba had overtaken him at a point beside which stood

a low stunted holly bush, now laden with red berries. Seeing his advance take the form of an attitude

threatening a possible enclosure, if not compression, of her person, she edged off round the bush.

"Why, Farmer Oak," she said, over the top, looking at him with rounded eyes, "I never said I was going to

"Well that IS a tale!" said Oak, with dismay." To run after anybody like this, and then say you don't want

"What I meant to tell you was only this," she said eagerly, and yet half conscious of the absurdity of the

position she had made for herself "that nobody has got me yet as a sweetheart, instead of my having a

dozen, as my aunt said; I HATE to be thought men's property in that way, though possibly I shall be had

some day. Why, if I'd wanted you I shouldn't have run after you like this; 'twould have been the

FORWARDEST thing! But there was no harm in hurrying to correct a piece of false news that had been told

"Oh, no no harm at all." But there is such a thing as being too generous in expressing a judgment

impulsively, and Oak added with a more appreciative sense of all the circumstances "Well, I am not quite

"Indeed, I hadn't time to think before starting whether I wanted to marry or not, for you'd have been gone

"Come," said Gabriel, freshening again; "think a minute or two. I'll wait a while, Miss Everdene. Will you

"I'll try to think," she observed, rather more timorously; "if I can think out of doors; my mind spreads away

"Then give me time." Bathsheba looked thoughtfully into the distance, away from the direction in which

"I can make you happy," said he to the back of her head, across the bush. "You shall have a piano in a year or

two farmers' wives are getting to have pianos now and I'll practise up the flute right well to play with

"And have one of those little tenpound" gigs for market and nice flowers, and birds cocks and hens I

mean, because they be useful," continued Gabriel, feeling balanced between poetry and practicality.

"And when the wedding was over, we'd have it put in the newspaper list of marriages."

"And the babies in the births every man jack of 'em! And at home by the fire, whenever you look up, there

Her countenance fell, and she was silent awhile. He regarded the red berries between them over and over

again, to such an extent, that holly seemed in his after life to be a cypher signifying a proposal of marriage.

"I have tried hard all the time I've been thinking; for a marriage would be very nice in one sense. People

would talk about me, and think I had won my battle, and I should feel triumphant, and all that, But a husband

"Well, what I mean is that I shouldn't mind being a bride at a wedding, if I could be one without having a

husband. But since a woman can't show off in that way by herself, I shan't marry at least yet."

At this criticism of her statement Bathsheba made an addition to her dignity by a slight sweep away from

"Upon my heart and soul, I don't know what a maid can say stupider than that," said Oak. "But dearest," he

continued in a palliative voice, "don't be like it!" Oak sighed a deep honest sigh none the less so in that,

being like the sigh of a pine plantation, it was rather noticeable as a disturbance of the atmosphere. "Why

"But why?" he persisted, standing still at last in despair of ever reaching her, and facing over the bush.

She contracted a yawn to an inoffensive smallness, so that it was hardly illmannered at all. "I don't love

"Never," said Mr Oak, so earnestly that he seemed to be coming, by the force of his words, straight through

the bush and into her arms. "I shall do one thing in this life one thing certain that is, love you, and long

for you, and KEEP WANTING YOU till I die." His voice had a genuine pathos now, and his large brown

"It seems dreadfully wrong not to have you when you feel so much!" she said with a little distress, and

looking hopelessly around for some means of escape from her moral dilemma. "How I wish I hadn't run after

you!" However she seemed to have a short cut for getting back to cheerfulness, and set her face to signify

archness. "It wouldn't do, Mr Oak. I want somebody to tame me; I am too independent; and you would never

Oak cast his eyes down the field in a way implying that it was useless to attempt argument.

"Mr. Oak," she said, with luminous distinctness and common sense, "you are better off than I. I have hardly a

penny in the world I am staying with my aunt for my bare sustenance. I am better educated than you

and I don't love you a bit: that's my side of the case. Now yours: you are a farmer just begining; and you

ought in common prudence, if you marry at all (which you should certainly not think of doing at present), to

marry a woman with money, who would stock a larger farm for you than you have now."

Farmer Oak had oneandahalf Christian characteristics too many to succeed with Bathsheba: his humility,

"Well, then, why did you come and disturb me?" she said, almost angrily, if not quite, an enlarging red spot

"You have made an admission NOW, Mr. Oak," she exclaimed, with even more hauteur, and rocking her

head disdainfully. "After that, do you think I could marry you? Not if I know it."

He broke in passionately. "But don't mistake me like that! Because I am open enough to own what every man

in my shoes would have thought of, you make your colours come up your face, and get crabbed with me.

That about your not being good enough for me is nonsense. You speak like a lady all the parish notice it,

and your uncle at Weatherbury is, I have heerd, a large farmer much larger than ever I shall be. May I call

in the evening, or will you walk along with me o' Sundays? I don't want you to makeup your mind at once,

"No no I cannot. Don't press me any more don't. I don't love you so 'twould be ridiculous," she

No man likes to see his emotions the sport of a merrygo round of skittishness. "Very well," said Oak,

firmly, with the bearing of one who was going to give his days and nights to Ecclesiastes for ever. "Then I'll

THE news which one day reached Gabriel, that Bathsheba Everdene had left the neighbourhood, had an

influence upon him which might have surprised any who never suspected that the more emphatic the

It may have been observed that there is no regulal path for getting out of love as there is for getting in. Some

people look upon marriage as a short cut that way, but it has been known to fail. Separation, which was the

means that chance offered to Gabriel Oak by Bathsheba's disappearance though effectual with people of

certain humours is apt to idealize the removed object with others notably those whose affection, placid

and regular as it may be, flows deep and long. Oak belonged to the eventempered order of humanity, and

felt the secret fusion of himself in Bathsheba to be burning with a finer flame now that she was gone that

His incipient friendship with her aunt had been nipped by the failure of his suit, and all that Oak learnt of

Bathsheba's movements was done indirectly. It appeared that she had gone to a place called Weatherbury,

more than twenty miles off, but in what capacity whether as a visitor, or permanently, he could not

Gabriel had two dogs. George, the elder, exhibited an ebonytipped nose, surrounded by a narrow margin of

pink flesh, and a coat marked in random splotches approximating in colour to white and slaty grey; but the

grey, after years of sun and rain, had been scorched and washed out of the more prominent locks, leaving

them of a reddishbrown, as if the blue component of the grey had faded, like the indigo from the same kind

of colour in Turner's pictures. In substance it had originally been hair, but long contact with sheep seemed to

This dog had originally belonged to a shepherd of inferior morals and dreadful temper, and the result was that

George knew the exact degrees of condemnation signified by cursing and swearing of all descriptions better

than the wickedest old man in the neighbourhood. Long experience had so precisely taught the animal the

difference between such exclamations as "Come in!" and "D ye, come in!" that he knew to a hair's

breadth the rate of trotting back from the ewes' tails that each call involved, if a staggerer with the sheep

The young dog, George's son, might possibly have been the image of his mother, for there was not much

resemblance between him and George. He was learning the sheepkeeping business, so as to follow on at the

flock when the other should die, but had got no further than the rudiments as yet still finding an

insuperable difficulty in distinguishing between doing a thing well enough and doing it too well. So earnest

and yet so wrongheaded was this young dog (he had no, name in particular, and answered with perfect

readiness to any pleasant interjection), that if sent behind the flock to help them on, he did it so thoroughly

that he would have chased them across the whole county with the greatest pleasure if not called off or

Thus much for the dogs. On the further side of Norcombe Hill was a chalkpit, from which chalk had been

drawn for generations, and spread over adjacent farms. Two hedges converged upon it in the form of a V, but

without quite meeting. The narrow opening left, which was immediately over the brow of the pit, was

One night, when Farmer Oak had returned to, his house, believing there would be no further necessity for his

attendance on the down, he called as usual to the dogs, previously to shutting them up in the outhouse till

next morning. Only one responded old George; the other could not be found, either in the house, lane, or

garden. Gabriel then remembered that he had left the two dogs on the hill eating a dead lamb (a kind of meat

he usually kept from them, except when other food ran short), and concluding that the young one had not

finished his meal, he went indoors to the luxury of a bed, which latterly he had only enjoyed on Sundays.

It was a still, moist night. Just before dawn he was assisted in waking by the abnormal reverberation of

familiar music. To the shepherd, the note of the sheepbell, like the ticking of the clock to other people, is a

chronic sound that only makes itself noticed by ceasing or altering in some unusual manner from the

wellknown idle twinkle which signifies to the accustomed ear, however distant, that all is well in the fold. In

the solemn calm of the awakening morn that note was heard by Gabriel, beating with unusual violence and

rapidity. This exceptional ringing may be caused in two ways by the rapid feeding of the sheep bearing

the bell, as when the flock breaks into new pasture, which gives it an intermittent rapidity, or by the sheep

starting off in a run, when the sound has a regular palpitation. The experienced ear of Oak knew the sound he

He jumped out of bed, dressed, tore down the lane through a foggy dawn, and ascended the hill. The forward

ewes were kept apart from those among which the fall of lambs would be later, there being two hundred of

the latter class in Gabriel's flock. These two hundred seemed to have absolutely vanished from the hill. There

were the fifty with their lambs, enclosed at the other end as he had left them, but the rest, forming the bulk of

the flock, were nowhere. Gabriel called at the top of his voice the shepherd's call.

Not a single bleat. He went to the hedge; a gap had been broken through it, and in the gap were the footprints

of the sheep. Rather surprised to find them break fence at this season, yet putting it down instantly to their

great fondness for ivy in wintertime, of which a great deal grew in the plantation, he followed through the

hedge. They were not in the plantation. He called again: the valleys and farthest hills resounded as when the

sailors invoked the lost Hylas on the Mysian shore; but no sheep. He passed through the trees and along the

ridge of the hill. On the extreme summit, where the ends of the two converging hedges of which we have

spoken were stopped short by meeting the brow of the chalkpit, he saw the younger dog standing against the

A horrible conviction darted through Oak. With a sensation of bodily faintness he advanced: at one point the

rails were broken through, and there he saw the footprints of his ewes. The dog came up, licked his hand, and

made signs implying that he expected some great reward for signal services rendered. Oak looked over the

precipice. The ewes lay dead and dying at its foot a heap of two hundred mangled carcasses, representing

Oak was an intensely humane man: indeed, his humanity often tore in pieces any politic intentions of his

which bordered on strategy, and carried him on as by gravitation. A shadow in his life had always been that

his flock ended in mutton that a day came and found every shepherd an arrant traitor to his defenseless

sheep. His first feeling now was one of pity for the untimely fate of these gentle ewes and their unborn lambs.

It was a second to remember another phase of the matter. The sheep were not insured. All the savings of a

frugal life had been dispersed at a blow; his hopes of being an independent farmer were laid low possibly

for ever. Gabriel's energies, patience, and industry had been so severely taxed during the years of his life

between eighteen and eightandtwenty, to reach his present stage of progress that no more seemed to be left

Stupors, however, do not last for ever, and Farmer Oak recovered from his. It was as remarkable as it was

"Thank God I am not married: what would she have done in the poverty now coming upon me!"

Oak raised his head, and wondering what he could do, listlessly surveyed the scene. By the outer margin of

the Pit was an oval pond, and over it hung the attenuated skeleton of a chromeyellow moon which had only

a few days to last the morning star dogging her on the left hand. The pool glittered like a dead man's eye,

and as the world awoke a breeze blew, shaking and elongating the reflection of the moon without breaking it,

and turning the image of the star to a phosphoric streak upon the water. All this Oak saw and remembered.

As far as could be learnt it appeared that the poor young dog, still under the impression that since he was kept

for running after sheep, the more he ran after them the better, had at the end of his meal off the dead lamb,

which may have given him additional energy and spirits, collected all the ewes into a corner, driven the timid

creatures through the hedge, across the upper field, and by main force of worrying had given them

momentum enough to break down a portion of the rotten railing, and so hurled them over the edge.

George's son had done his work so thoroughly that he was considered too good a workman to live, and was,

in fact, taken and tragically shot at twelve o'clock that same day another instance of the untoward fate

which so often attends dogs and other philosophers who follow out a train of reasoning to its logical

conclusion, and attempt perfectly consistent conduct in a world made up so largely of compromise.

Gabriel's farm had been stocked by a dealer on the strength of Oak's promising look and character who

was receiving a percentage from the farmer till such time as the advance should be cleared off. Oak found

that the value of stock, plant, and implements which were really his own would be about sufficient to pay his

debts, leaving himself a free man with the clothes he stood up in, and nothing more.

TWO months passed away. We are brought on to a day in February, on which was held the yearly statute or

At one end of the street stood from two to three hundred blithe and hearty labourers waiting upon Chance

all men of the stamp to whom labour suggests nothing worse than a wrestle with gravitation, and pleasure

nothing better than a renunciation of the same. Among these, carters and waggoners were distinguished by

having a piece of whipcord twisted round their hats; thatchers wore a fragment of woven straw; shepherds

held their sheepcrooks in their hands; and thus the situation required was known to the hirers at a glance.

In the crowd was an athletic young fellow of somewhat superior appearance to the rest in fact, his

superiority was marked enough to lead several ruddy peasants standing by to speak to him inquiringly, as to a

"I am looking for a place myself a bailiff's. Do ye know of anybody who wants one?"

Gabriel was paler now. His eyes were more meditative, and his expression was more sad. He had passed

through an ordeal of wretchedness which had given him more than it had taken away. He had sunk from his

modest elevation as pastoral king into the very slimepits of Siddim; but there was left to him a dignified

calm he had never before known, and that indifference to fate which, though it often makes a villain of a man,

is the basis of his sublimity when it does not. And thus the abasement had been exaltation, and the loss gain.

In the morning a regiment of cavalry had left the town, and a sergeant and his party had been beating up for

recruits through the four streets. As the end of the day drew on, and he found himself not hired, Gabriel

almost wished that he had joined them, and gone off to serve his country. Weary of standing in the

marketplace, and not much minding the kind of work he turned his hand to, he decided to offer himself in

All the farmers seemed to be wanting shepherds. Sheep tending was Gabriel's speciality. Turning down an

He sat on a bench and the crook was made, a stem being given him into the bargain.

He then went to a readymade clothes' shop, the owner of which had a large rural connection. As the crook

had absorbed most of Gabriel's money, he attempted, and carried out, an exchange of his overcoat for a

This transaction having been completed, he again hurried off to the centre of the town, and stood on the kerb

Now that Oak had turned himself into a shepherd, it seemed that bailifs were most in demand. However, two

or three farmers noticed him and drew near. Dialogues followed, more or less in the subjoined form:

This reply invariably operated like a rumour of cholera. The inquiring farmer would edge away and shake his

head dubiously. Gabriel, like his dog, was too good to be trustworthy, and he never made advance beyond

It is safer to accept any chance that offers itself, and extemporize a procedure to fit it, than to get a good

shepherd, but had laid himself out for anything in the whole cycle of labour that was required in the fair. It

grew dusk. Some merry men were whistling and singing by the cornexchange. Gabriel's hand, which had

lain for some time idle in his smockfrock pocket, touched his flute which he carried there. Here was an

He drew out his flute and began to play "Jockey to the Fair" in the style of a man who had never known

moment's sorrow. Oak could pipe with Arcadian sweetness and the sound of the wellknown notes cheered

his own heart as well as those of the loungers. He played on with spirit, and in half an hour had earned in

By making inquiries he learnt that there was another fair at Shottsford the next day.

Weatherbury! It was where Bathsheba had gone two months before. This information was like coming from

Bathsheba had probably left Weatherbury long before this time, but the place had enough interest attaching to

it to lead Oak to choose Shottsford fair as his next field of inquiry, because it lay in the Weatherbury quarter.

Moreover, the Weatherbury folk were by no means uninteresting intrinsically. If report spoke truly they were

as hardy, merry, thriving, wicked a set as any in the whole county. Oak resolved to sleep at Weatherbury that

night on his way to Shottsford, and struck out at once into the high road which had been recommended as the

The road stretched through watermeadows traversed by little brooks, whose quivering surfaces were braided

along their centres, and folded into creases at the sides; or, where the flow was more rapid, the stream was

pied with spots of white froth, which rode on in undisturbed serenity. On the higher levels the dead and dry

carcasses of leaves tapped the ground as they bowled along helterskelter upon the shoulders of the wind,

and little birds in the hedges were rustling their feathers and tucking themselves in comfortably for the night,

retaining their places if Oak kept moving, but flying away if he stopped to look at them. He passed by

Yalbury Wood where the gamebirds were rising to their roosts, and heard the crackvoiced cockpheasants

By the time he had walked three or four miles every shape in the landscape had assumed a uniform hue of

blackness. He descended Yalbury Hill and could just discern ahead of him a waggon, drawn up under a great

On coming close, he found there were no horses attached to it, the spot being apparently quite deserted. The

waggon, from its position, seemed to have been left there for the night, for beyond about half a truss of hay

which was heaped in the bottom, it was quite empty. Gabriel sat down on the shafts of the vehicle and

considered his position. He calculated that he had walked a very fair proportion of the journey; and having

been on foot since daybreak, he felt tempted to lie down upon the hay in the waggon instead of pushing on to

Eating his last slices of bread and ham, and drinking from the bottle of cider he had taken the precaution to

bring with him, he got into the lonely waggon. Here he spread half of the hay as a bed, and, as well as he

could in the darkness, pulled the other half over him by way of bed clothes, covering himself entirely, and

feeling, physically, as comfortable as ever he had been in his life. Inward melancholy it was impossible for a

man like Oak, introspective far beyond his neighbours, to banish quite, whilst conning the present untoward

page of his history. So, thinking of his misfortunes, amorous and pastoral he fell asleep, shepherds enjoying,

in common with sailors, the privilege of being able to summon the god instead of having to wait for him.

On somewhat suddenly awaking, after a sleep of whose length he had no idea, Oak found that the waggon

was in motion. He was being carried along the road at a rate rather considerable for a vehicle without springs,

and under circumstances of physical uneasiness, his head being dandled up and down on the bed of the

waggon like a kettledrum stick. He then distinguished voices in conversation, coming from the forpart of the

waggon. His concern at this dilemma (which would have been alarm, had he been a thriving man; but

misfortune is a fine opiate to personal terror) led him to peer cautiously from the hay, and the first sight he

beheld was the stars above him. Charles's Wain was getting towards a right angle with the Pole star, and

Gabriel concluded that it must be about nine o'clock in other words, that he had slept two hours. This

small astronomical calculation was made without any positive effort, and whilst he was stealthily turning to

Two figures were dimly visible in front, sitting with their legs outside the waggon, one of whom was driving.

Gabriel soon found that this was the waggoner, and it appeared they had come from Casterbridge fair, like

"Be as 'twill, she's a fine handsome body as far's looks be concerned. But that's only the skin of the woman,

"Ay so 'a do seem, Billy Smallbury so 'a do seem." This utterance was very shaky by nature, and more

so by circumstance, the jolting of the waggon not being without its effect upon the speaker's larynx. It came

"Ah, now. If so be 'tis like that, I can't look her in the face. Lord, no: not I hehhehheh! Such a shy man

"Yes she's very vain. 'Tis said that every night at going to bed she looks in the glass to put on her

"And 'a can play the peanner, so 'tis said. Can play so clever that 'a can make a psalm tune sound as well as

"D'ye tell o't! A happy time for us, and I feel quite a new man! And how do she play?"

On hearing these and other similar remarks, a wild thought flashed into Gabriel's mind that they might be

speaking of Bathsheba. There were, however, no ground for retaining such a supposition, for the waggon,

though going in the direction of Weatherbury, might be going beyond it, and the woman alluded to seemed to

be the mistress of some estate. They were now apparently close upon Weatherbury and not to alarm the

He turned to an opening in the hedge, which he found to be a gate, and mounting thereon, he sat meditating

whether to seek a cheap lodging in the village, or to ensure a cheaper one by lying under some hay or

cornstack. The crunching jangle of the waggon died upon his ear. He was about to walk on, when he noticed

on his left hand an unusual light appearing about half a mile distant. Oak watched it, and the glow

Gabriel again mounted the gate, and, leaping down on the other side upon what he found to be ploughed soil,

made across the field in the exact direction of the fire. The blaze, enlarging in a double ratio by his approach

and its own increase, showed him as he drew nearer the outlines of ricks beside it, lighted up to great

distinctness. A rick yard was the source of the fire. His weary face now began to be painted over with a rich

orange glow, and the whole front of his smockfrock and gaiters was covered with a dancing shadow pattern

of thorntwigs the light reaching him through a leafless intervening hedge and the metallic curve of

his sheepcrook shone silverbright in the same abounding rays. He came up to the boundary fence, and

stood to regain breath. It seemed as if the spot was unoccupied by a living soul.

The fire was issuing from a long strawstack, which was so far gone as to preclude a possibility of saving it.

A rick burns differently from a house. As the wind blows the fire inwards, the portion in flames completely

disappears like melting sugar, and the outline is lost to the eye. However, a hay or a wheatrick, well put

together, will resist combustion for a length of time, if it begins on the outside.

This before Gabriel's eyes was a rick of straw, loosely put together, and the flames darted into it with

lightning swiftness. It glowed on the windward side, rising and falling in intensity, like the coal of a cigar.

Then a superincumbent bundle rolled down, with a whisking noise; flames elongated, and bent themselves

about with a quiet roar, but no crackle. Banks of smoke went off horizontally at the back like passing clouds,

and behind these burned hidden pyres, illuminating the semitransparent sheet of smoke to a lustrous yellow

uniformity. Individual straws in the foreground were consumed in a creeping movement of ruddy heat, as if

they were knots of red worms, and above shone imaginary fiery faces, tongues hanging from lips, glaring

eyes, and other impish forms, from which at intervals sparks flew in clusters like birds from a nest.

Oak suddenly ceased from being a mere spectator by discovering the case to be more serious than he had at

first imagined. A scroll of smoke blew aside and revealed to him a wheatrick in startling juxtaposition with

the decaying one, and behind this a series of others, composing the main corn produce of the farm; so that

instead of the strawstack standing, as he had imagined comparatively isolated, there was a regular

Gabriel leapt over the hedge, and saw that he was not alone. The first man he came to was running about in a

great hurry, as if his thoughts were several yards in advance of his body, which they could never drag on fast

"O, man fire, fire! A good master and a bad servant is fire, fire! I mane a bad servant and a good

master. Oh, Mark Clark come! And you, Billy Smallbury and you, Maryann Money and you, Jan

Coggan, and Matthew there!" Other figures now appeared behind this shouting man and among the smoke,

and Gabriel found that, far from being alone he was in a great company whose shadows danced merrily up

and down, timed by the jigging of the flames, and not at all by their owners' movements. The assemblage

belonging to that class of society which casts its thoughts into the form of feeling, and its feelings into the

"Stop the draught under the wheatrick!" cried Gabriel to those nearest to him. The corn stood on stone

staddles, and between these, tongues of yellow hue from the burning straw licked and darted playfully. If the

A rickcloth was brought, and they hung it like a curtain across the channel. The flames immediately ceased

The flames, now driven upwards, began to attack the angles of the huge roof covering the wheatstack.

"The ladder was against the strawrick and is burnt to a cinder," said a spectrelike form in the smoke.

Oak seized the cut ends of the sheaves, as if he were going to engage in the operation of "reeddrawing," and

digging in his feet, and occasionally sticking in the stem of his sheepcrook, he clambered up the beetling

face. He at once sat astride the very apex, and began with his crook to beat off the fiery fragments which had

lodged thereon, shouting to the others to get him a bough and a ladder, and some water.

Billy Smallbury one of the men who had been on the waggon by this time had found a ladder, which

Mark Clark ascended, holding on beside Oak upon the thatch. The smoke at this corner was stifling, and

Clark, a nimble fellow, having been handed a bucket of water, bathed Oak's face and sprinkled him generally,

whilst Gabriel, now with a long beechbough in one hand, in addition to his crook in the other, kept

On the ground the groups of villagers were still occupied in doing all they could to keep down the

conflagration, which was not much. They were all tinged orange, and backed up by shadows of varying

pattern. Round the corner of the largest stack, out of the direct rays of the fire, stood a pony, bearing a young

woman on its back. By her side was another woman, on foot. These two seemed to keep at a distance from

"He's a shepherd," said the woman on foot. "Yes he is. See how his crook shines as he beats the rick with

it. And his smockfrock is burnt in two holes, I declare! A fine young shepherd he is too, ma'am."

The young woman on the pony rode out from the shade and looked anxiously around.

"D'ye think the barn is safe, Jan Coggan?" said the second woman, passing on the question to the nearest man

"Safenow leastwise I think so. If this rick had gone the barn would have followed. 'Tis that bold

shepherd up there that have done the most good he sitting on the top o' rick, whizzing his great longarms

"He does work hard," said the young woman on horseback, looking up at Gabriel through her thick woollen

The fire began to get worsted, and Gabriel's elevated position being no longer required of him, he made as if

"Maryann," said the girl on horseback, "go to him as he comes down, and say that the farmer wishes to thank

Maryann stalked off towards the rick and met Oak at the foot of the ladder. She delivered her message.

"Where is your master the farmer?" asked Gabriel, kindling with the idea of getting employment that seemed

"Ay, 'a b'lieve, and a rich one too!" said a bystander. "Lately 'a came here from a distance. Took on her

uncle's farm, who died suddenly. Used to measure his money in half pint cups. They say now that she've

business in every bank in Casterbridge, and thinks no more of playing pitchand toss sovereign than you

"That's she, back there upon the pony," said Maryann. "wi' her face acovered up in that black cloth with

Oak, his features smudged, grimy, and undiscoverable from the smoke and heat, his smockfrock burnt into

holes and dripping with water, the ash stem of his sheepcrook charred six inches shorter, advansed with the

humility stern adversity had thrust upon him up to the slight female form in the saddle. He lifted his hat with

respect, and not without gallantry: stepping close to her hanging feet he said in a hesitating voice,

She lifted the wool veil tied round her face, and looked all astonishment. Gabriel and his coldhearted

Bathsheba did not speak, and he mechanically repeated in an abashed and sad voice,

BATHSHEBA withdrew into the shade. She scarcely knew whether most to be amused at the singularity of

the meeting, or to be concerned at its awkwardness. There was room for a little pity, also for a very little

exultation: the former at his position, the latter at her own. Embarrassed she was not, and she remembered

Gabriel's declaration of love to her at Norcombe only to think she had nearly forgotten it.

"Yes," she murmured, putting on an air of dignity, and turning again to him with a little warmth of cheek; "I

All was practical again now. A summer eve and loneliness would have been necessary to give the meeting its

The bailiff was pointed out to Gabriel, who, checking the palpitation within his breast at discovering that this

Ashtoreth of strange report was only a modification of Venus the wellknown and admired, retired with him

The fire before them wasted away. "Men," said Bathsheba, "you shall take a little refreshment after this extra

"We could knock in a bit and a drop a good deal freer, Miss, if so be ye'd send it to Warren's Malthouse,"

Bathsheba then rode off into the darkness, and the men straggled on to the village in twos and threes Oak

"And now," said the bailiff, finally, "all is settled, I think, about your coming, and I am going homealong.

"That I can't, indeed," he said, moving past Oak as a Christian edges past an offertoryplate when he does not

mean to contribute. "If you follow on the road till you come to Warren's Malthouse, where they are all gone

to have their snap of victuals, I daresay some of 'em will tell you of a place. Goodnight to ye, shepherd."

The bailiff who showed this nervous dread of loving his neighbour as himself, went up the hill, and Oak

walked on to the village, still astonished at the rencounter with Bathsheba, glad of his nearness to her, and

perplexed at the rapidity with which the unpractised girl of Norcombe had developed into the supervising and

cool woman here. But some women only require an emergency to make them fit for one.

Obliged, to some extent, to forgo dreaming in order to find the way, he reached the churchyard, and passed

round it under the wall where several ancient trees grew. There was a wide margin of grass along here, and

Gabriel's footsteps were deadened by its softness, even at this indurating period of the year. When abreast of

a trunk which appeared to be the oldest of the old, he became aware that a figure was standing behind it.

Gabriel did not pause in his walk, and in another moment he accidentally kicked a loose stone. The noise was

enough to disturb the motionless stranger, who started and assumed a careless position.

The voice was unexpectedly attractive; it was the low and dulcet note suggestive of romance; common in

"I'll thank you to tell me if I'm in the way for Warren's Malthouse?" Gabriel resumed, primarily to gain the

"Quite right. It's at the bottom of the hill. And do you know " The girl hesitated and then went on again.

"Do you know how late they keep open the Buck's Head Inn?" She seemed to be won by Gabriel's heartiness,

"I don't know where the Buck's Head is, or anything about it. Do you think of going there tonight?"

"Yes " The woman again paused. There was no necessity for any continuance of speech, and the fact

that she did add more seemed to proceed from an unconscious desire to show unconcern by making a remark,

which is noticeable in the ingenuous when they are acting by stealth. "You are not a Weatherbury man?" she

"Only a shepherd," Gabriel repeated, in a dull cadence of finality. "His thoughts were directed to the past, his

eyes to the feet of the girl; and for the first time he saw lying there a bundle of some sort. She may have

"You won't say anything in the parish about having seen me here, will you at least, not for a day or two?"

"Thank you, indeed," the other replied. "I am rather poor, and I don't want people to know anything about

"You ought to have a cloak on such a cold night," Gabriel observed. "I would advise 'ee to get indoors."

"O no! Would you mind going on and leaving me? I thank you much for what you have told me."

"I will go on," he said; adding hesitatingly, "Since you are not very well off, perhaps you would accept

She extended her hand; Gabriel his. In feeling for each other's palm in the gloom before the money could be

passed, a minute incident occurred which told much. Gabriel's fingers alighted on the young woman's wrist. It

was beating with a throb of tragic intensity. He had frequently felt the same quick, hard beat in the femoral

artery of his lambs when overdriven. It suggested a consumption too great of a vitality which, to judge

The young girl remained motionless by the tree, and Gabriel descended into the village of Weatherbury, or

Lower Longpuddle as it was sometimes called. He fancied that he had felt himself in the penumbra of a very

deep sadness when touching that slight and fragile creature. But wisdom lies in moderating mere impressions,

WARREN'S Malthouse was enclosed by an old wall inwrapped with ivy, and though not much of the exterior

was visible at this hour, the character and purposes of the building were clearly enough shown by its outline

upon the sky. From the walls an overhanging thatched roof sloped up to a point in the centre, upon which

rose a small wooden lantern, fitted with louvreboards on all the four sides, and from these openings a mist

was dimly perceived to be escaping into the night air. There was no window in front; but a square hole in the

door was glazed with a single pane, through which red, comfortable rays now stretched out upon the ivied

Oak's hand skimmed the surface of the door with fingers extended to an ElymastheSorcerer pattern, till he

found a leathern strap, which he pulled. This lifted a wooden latch, and the door swung open.

The room inside was lighted only by the, ruddy glow from the kiln mouth, which shone over the floor with

the streaming, horizontality of the setting sun, and threw upwards the shadows of all facial irregularities in

those assembled around. The stoneflag floor was worn into a path from the doorway to the kiln, and into

undulations everywhere. A curved settle of unplaned oak stretched along one side, and in a remote corner was

a small bed and bedstead, the owner and frequent occupier of which was the maltster.

This aged man was now sitting opposite the fire, his frosty white hair and beard overgrowing his gnarled

figure like the grey moss and lichen upon a leafless appletree. He wore breeches and the lacedup shoes

Gabriel's nose was greeted by an atmosphere laden with the sweet smell of new malt. The conversation

(which seemed to have been concerning the origin of the fire) immediately ceased, and every one ocularly

criticised him to the degree expressed by contracting the flesh of their foreheads and looking at him with

narrowed eyelids, as if he had been a light too strong for their sight. Several exclaimed meditatively, after this

"We thought we heard a hand pawing about the door for the bobbin, but weren't sure 'twere not a dead leaf

blowed across," said another. "Come in, shepherd; sure ye be welcome, though we don't know yer name."

The ancient maltster sitting in the midst turned up this his turning being as the turning of a rusty crane.

"That's never Gable Oak's grandson over at Norcombe never!" he said, as a formula expressive of

"My father and my grandfather were old men of the name of Gabriel," said the shepherd, placidly.

"Thought I knowed the man's face as I seed him on the rick! thought I did! And where be ye trading o't to

"Knowed yer grandfather for years and years!" continued the maltster, the words coming forth of their own

"Likewise knowed yer father when he was a child. Why, my boy Jacob there and your father were sworn

"Ay, sure," said his son, a young man about sixtyfive, with a semibald head and one tooth in the left centre

of his upper jaw, which made much of itself by standing prominent, like a milestone in a bank. "But 'twas Joe

had most to do with him. However, my son William must have knowed the very man afore us didn't ye,

"No, 'twas Andrew," said Jacob's son Billy, a child of forty, or thereabouts, who manifested the peculiarity of

possessing a cheerful soul in a gloomy body, and whose whiskers were assuming a chinchilla shade here and

"I can mind Andrew," said Oak, "as being a man in the place when I was quite a child."

"Ay the other day I and my youngest daughter, Liddy, were over at my grandson's christening," continued

Billy. "We were talking about this very family, and 'twas only last Purification Day in this very world, when

the usemoney is gied away to the secondbest poor folk, you know, shepherd, and I can mind the day

"Come, shepherd, and drink. 'Tis gape and swaller with us a drap of sommit, but not of much account,"

said the maltster, removing from the fire his eyes, which were vermilionred and bleared by gazing into it for

Jacob stooped to the Godforgiveme, which was a twohandled tall mug standing in the ashes, cracked and

charred with heat: it was rather furred with extraneous matter about the outside, especially in the crevices of

the handles, the innermost curves of which may not have seen daylight for several years by reason of this

encrustation thereon formed of ashes accidentally wetted with cider and baked hard; but to the mind of

any sensible drinker the cup was no worse for that, being incontestably clean on the inside and about the rim.

It may be observed that such a class of mug is called a Godforgiveme in Weatherbury and its vicinity for

uncertain reasons; probably because its size makes any given toper feel ashamed of himself when he sees its

Jacob, on receiving the order to see if the liquor was warm enough, placidly dipped his forefinger into it by

way of thermometer, and having pronounced it nearly of the proper degree, raised the cup and very civilly

attempted to dust some of the ashes from the bottom with the skirt of his smockfrock, because Shepherd

"No not at all," said Gabriel, in a reproving tone of considerateness. "I never fuss about dirt in its pure

state, and when I know what sort it is." Taking the mug he drank an inch or more from the depth of its

contents, and duly passed it to the next man. "I wouldn't think of giving such trouble to neighbours in

washing up when there's so much work to be done in the world already." continued Oak in a moister tone,

after recovering from the stoppage of breath which is occasioned by pulls at large mugs.

"True, true; it can't be gainsaid!" observed a brisk young man Mark Clark by name, a genial and pleasant

gentleman, whom to meet anywhere in your travels was to know, to know was to drink with, and to drink

"And here's a mouthful of bread and bacon that mis'ess have sent, shepherd. The cider will go down better

with a bit of victuals. Don't ye chaw quite close, shepherd, for I let the bacon fall in the road outside as I was

bringing it along, and may be 'tis rather gritty. There, 'tis clane dirt; and we all know what that is, as you say,

"Don't let your teeth quite meet, and you won't feel the sandiness at all. Ah! 'tis wonderful what can be done

"Ah, he's his grandfer's own grandsonn! his grandfer were just such a nice unparticular man!" said the

"Drink, Henry Fray drink," magnanimously said Jan Coggan, a person who held SaintSimonian notions

of share and share alike where liquor was concerned, as the vessel showed signs of approaching him in its

Having at this moment reached the end of a wistful gaze into midair, Henry did not refuse. He was a man of

more than middle age, with eyebrows high up in his forehead, who laid it down that the law of the world was

bad, with a long suffering look through his listeners at the world alluded to, as it presented itself to his

imagination. He always signed his name "Henery" strenuously insisting upon that spelling, and if any

passing schoolmaster ventured to remark that the second "e" was superfluous and oldfashioned, he received

the reply that "Henery" was the name he was christened and the name he would stick to in the tone

of one to whom orthographical differences were matters which had a great deal to do with personal character.

Mr. Jan Coggan, who had passed the cup to Henery, was a crimson man with a spacious countenance, and

private glimmer in his eye, whose name had appeared on the marriage register of Weatherbury and

neighbouring parishes as best man and chief witness in countless unions of the previous twenty years; he also

very frequently filled the post of head godfather in baptisms of the subtlyjovial kind.

"Ay that I will, 'tis my only doctor," replied Mr. Clark, who, twenty years younger than Jan Coggan,

revolved in the same orbit. He secreted mirth on all occasions for special discharge at popular parties.

"Why, Joseph Poorgrass, ye han't had a drop!" said Mr. Coggan to a selfconscious man in the background,

"Such a modest man as he is!" said Jacob Smallbury. "Why, ye've hardly had strength of eye enough to look

"No I've hardly looked at her at all," simpered Joseph, reducing his body smaller whilst talking,

apparently from a meek sense of undue prominence. "And when I seed her, 'twas nothing but blushes with

"Yes," continued Joseph Poorgrass his shyness, which was so painful as a defect, filling him with a mild

complacency now that it was regarded as an interesting study. "'Twere blush, blush, blush with me every

"'Tis a' awkward gift for a man, poor soul," said the maltster. "And how long have ye have suffered from it,

[Alternate text: appears in all three additions on hand: "'Tis a' awkward gift for a man, poor soul," said the

"Oh, ever since I was a boy. Yes mother was concerned to her heart about it yes. But 'twas all nought."

"Oh ay, tried all sorts o' company. They took me to Greenhill Fair, and into a great gay jerrygonimble

show, where there were womenfolk riding round standing upon horses, with hardly anything on but their

smocks; but it didn't cure me a morsel. And then I was put errandman at the Women's Skittle Alley at the

back of the Tailor's Arms in Casterbridge. 'Twas a horrible sinful situation, and a very curious place for a

good man. I had to stand and look ba'dy people in the face from morning till night; but 'twas no use I was

just asbad as ever after all. Blushes hev been in the family for generations. There, 'tis a happy providence

"True," said Jacob Smallbury, deepening his thoughts to a profounder view of the subject. "'Tis a thought to

look at, that ye might have been worse; but even as you be, 'tis a very bad affliction for 'ee, Joseph. For ye

see, shepherd, though 'tis very well for a woman, dang it all, 'tis awkward for a man like him, poor feller?"

"'Tis 'tis," said Gabriel, recovering from a meditation. "Yes, very awkward for the man."

"Ay, and he's very timid, too," observed Jan Coggan. "Once he had been working late at Yalbury Bottom, and

had had a drap of drink, and lost his way as he was coming homealong through Yalbury Wood, didn't ye,

"No, no, no; not that story!" expostulated the modest man, forcing a laugh to bury his concern.

" And so 'a lost himself quite," continued Mr. Coggan, with an impassive face, implying that a true

narrative, like time and tide, must run its course and would respect no man. "And as he was coming along in

the middle of the night, much afeared, and not able to find his way out of the trees nohow, 'a cried out,

'Manalost! manalost!' A owl in a tree happened to be crying "Whoowhoowhoo!" as owls do, you

know, shepherd" (Gabriel nodded), "and Joseph, all in a tremble, said, 'Joseph Poorgrass, of Weatherbury,

"No, no, now that's too much!" said the timid man, becoming a man of brazen courage all of a sudden. "I

didn't say sir. I'll tike my oath I didn't say 'Joseph Poorgrass o' Weatherbury, sir.' No, no; what's right is right,

and I never said sir to the bird, knowing very well that no man of a gentleman's rank would be hollering there

at that time o' night. 'Joseph Poorgrass of Weatherbury,' that's every word I said, and I shouldn't ha' said

that if 't hadn't been for Keeper Day's metheglin.... There, 'twas a merciful thing it ended where it did."

The question of which was right being tacitly waived by the company, Jan went on meditatively:

"And he's the fearfullest man, bain't ye, Joseph? Ay, another time ye were lost by LambingDown Gate,

"I was," replied Poorgrass, as if there were some conditions too serious even for modesty to remember itself

"Yes; that were the middle of the night, too. The gate would not open, try how he would, and knowing there

"Ay," said Joseph, acquiring confidence from the warmth of the fire, the cider, and a perception of the

narrative capabilities of the experience alluded to. "My heart died within me, that time; but I kneeled down

and said the Lord's Prayer, and then the Belief right through, and then the Ten Commandments, in earnest

prayer. But no, the gate wouldn't open; and then I went on with Dearly Beloved Brethren, and, thinks I, this

makes four, and 'tis all I know out of book, and if this don't do it nothing will, and I'm a lost man. Well, when

I got to Saying After Me, I rose from my knees and found the gate would open yes, neighbours, the gate

A meditation on the obvious inference was indulged in by all, and during its continuance each directed his

vision into the ashpit, which glowed like a desert in the tropics under a vertical sun, shaping their eyes long

and liny, partly because of the light, partly from the depth of the subject discussed.

Gabriel broke the silence. "What sort of a place is this to live at, and what sort of a mis'ess is she to work

under?" Gabriel's bosom thrilled gently as he thus slipped under the notice of the assembly the innermost

"We d' know little of her nothing. She only showed herself a few days ago. Her uncle was took bad, and

the doctor was called with his worldwide skill; but he couldn't save the man. As I take it, she's going to keep

"That's about the shape o't, 'a b'lieve," said Jan Coggan. "Ay, 'tis a very good family. I'd as soon be under 'em

as under one here and there. Her uncle was a very fair sort of man. Did ye know en, shepherd a

"I used to go to his house acourting my first wife, Charlotte, who was his dairymaid. Well, a very

goodhearted man were Farmer Everdene, and I being a respectable young fellow was allowed to call and see

her and drink as much ale as I liked, but not to carry away any outside my skin I mane of course."

"And so you see 'twas beautiful ale, and I wished to value his kindness as much as I could, and not to be so

ill mannered as to drink only a thimbleful, which would have been insulting the man's generosity "

" And so I used to eat a lot of salt fish afore going, and then by the time I got there I were as dry as a

lime basket so thorough dry that that ale would slip down ah, 'twould slip down sweet! Happy times!

heavenly times! Such lovely drunks as I used to have at that house! You can mind, Jacob? You used to go wi'

"I can I can," said Jacob. "That one, too, that we had at Buck's Head on a White Monday was a pretty

"'Twas. But for a wet of the better class, that brought you no nearer to the horned man than you were afore

you begun, there was none like those in Farmer Everdene's kitchen. Not a single damn allowed; no, not a bare

poor one, even at the most cheerful moment when all were blindest, though the good old word of sin thrown

"True," said the maltster. "Nater requires her swearing at the regular times, or she's not herself; and unholy

"But Charlotte," continued Coggan "not a word of the sort would Charlotte allow, nor the smallest item of

taking in vain.... Ay, poor Charlotte, I wonder if she had the good fortune to get into Heaven when 'a died!

But 'a was never much in luck's way, and perhaps 'a went downwards after all, poor soul."

"And did any of you know Miss Everdene's father and mother?" inquired the shepherd, who found some

"I knew them a little," said Jacob Smallbury; "but they were townsfolk, and didn't live here. They've been

"Well," said the maltster, "he wasn't much to look at; but she was a lovely woman. He was fond enough of

"Used to kiss her scores and longhundreds o' times, so 'twas said," observed Coggan.

"He was very proud of her, too, when they were married, as I've been told," said the maltster.

"Ay," said Coggan. "He admired her so much that he used to light the candle three time a night to look at

"Boundless love; I shouldn't have supposed it in the universe!" murmered Joseph Poorgrass, who habitually

"Oh, 'tis true enough. I knowed the man and woman both well. Levi Everdene that was the man's name,

sure. "Man," saith I in my hurry, but he were of a higher circle of life than that 'a was a gentlemantailor

really, worth scores of pounds. And he became a very celebrated bankrupt two or three times."

The maltster being rather short of breath, Mr. Coggan, after absently scrutinising a coal which had fallen

"Well, now, you'd hardly believe it, but that man our Miss Everdene's father was one of the ficklest

husbands alive, after a while. Understand? 'a didn't want to be fickle, but he couldn't help it. The pore feller

were faithful and true enough to her in his wish, but his heart would rove, do what he would. He spoke to me

in real tribulation about it once. "Coggan," he said, "I could never wish for a handsomer woman than I've got,

but feeling she's ticketed as my lawful wife, I can't help my wicked heart wandering, do what I will." But at

last I believe he cured it by making her take off her weddingring and calling her by her maiden name as they

sat together after the shop was shut, and so 'a would get to fancy she was only his sweetheart, and not married

to him at all. And as soon as he could thoroughly fancy he was doing wrong and committing the seventh, 'a

got to like her as well as ever, and they lived on a perfect picture of mutel love."

"Well, 'twas a most ungodly remedy," murmured Joseph Poorgrass; "but we ought to feel deep cheerfulness

that a happy Providence kept it from being any worse. You see, he might have gone the bad road and given

"You see," said Billy Smallbury, "The man's will was to do right, sure enough, but his heart didn't chime in."

"He got so much better, that he was quite godly in his later years, wasn't he, Jan?" said Joseph Poorgrass. "He

got himself confirmed over again in a more serious way, and took to saying 'Amen' almost as loud as the

clerk, and he liked to copy comforting verses from the tombstones. He used, too, to hold the moneyplate at

Let Your Light so Shine, and stand godfather to poor little comebychance children; and he kept a

missionary box upon his table to nab folks unawares when they called; yes, and he would box the

charityboys' ears, if they laughed in church, till they could hardly stand upright, and do other deeds of piety

"Ay, at that time he thought of nothing but high things," added Billy Smallbury. "One day Parson Thirdly met

him and said, 'GoodMorning, Mister Everdene; 'tis a fine day!' 'Amen' said Everdene, quite absentlike,

thinking only of religion when he seed a parson. Yes, he was a very Christian man."

"Their daughter was not at all a pretty chiel at that time," said Henery Fray. "Never should have thought she'd

"Well, yes; but the baily will have most to do with the business and ourselves. Ah!" Henery gazed into the

"A queer Christian, like the Devil's head in a cowl,[1] as the saying is," volunteered Mark Clark.

[1] This phrase is a conjectural emendation of the unintelligible expression, "as the Devil said to the Owl,"

"He is," said Henery, implying that irony must cease at a certain point. "Between we two, man and man, I

"True enough," said the man of bitter moods, looking round upon the company with the antithetic laughter

that comes from a keener appreciation of the miseries of life than ordinary men are capable of. 'Ah, there's

Gabriel thought fit to change the subject. "You must be a very aged man, malter, to have sons growed mild

"Father's so old that 'a can't mind his age, can ye, father?" interposed Jacob. "And he's growed terrible

crooked too, lately," Jacob continued, surveying his father's figure, which was rather more bowed than his

"Crooked folk will last a long while," said the maltster, grimly, and not in the best humour.

"Shepherd would like to hear the pedigree of yer life, father wouldn't ye, shepherd?"

"Ay that I should," said Gabriel with the heartiness of a man who had longed to hear it for several months.

The maltster cleared his throat in an exaggerated form for emphasis, and elongating his gaze to the remotest

point of the ashpit, said, in the slow speech justifiable when the importance of a subject is so generally felt

that any mannerism must be tolerated in getting at it, "Well, I don't mind the year I were born in, but perhaps

I can reckon up the places I've lived at, and so get it that way. I bode at Upper Longpuddle across there"

(nodding to the north) "till I were eleven. I bode seven at Kingsbere" (nodding to the east) "where I took to

malting. I went therefrom to Norcombe, and malted there twoandtwenty years, andtwo andtwenty

years I was there turniphoeing and harvesting. Ah, I knowed that old place, Norcombe, years afore you were

thought of, Master Oak" (Oak smiled sincere belief in the fact). "Then I malted at Durnover four year, and

four year turniphoeing; and I was fourteen times eleven months at Millpond St. Jude's" (nodding

northwestbynorth). "Old Twills wouldn't hire me for more than eleven months at a time, to keep me from

being chargeable to the parish if so be I was disabled. Then I was three year at Mellstock, and I've been here

"Hundred and seventeen," chuckled another old gentleman, given to mental arithmetic and little conversation,

"O no, father!" said Jacob. "Your turniphoeing were in the summer and your malting in the winter of the

"Chok' it all! I lived through the summers, didn't I? That's my question. I suppose ye'll say next I be no age at

"Ye be a very old aged person, malter," attested Jan Coggan, also soothingly. "We all know that, and ye must

have a wonderful talented constitution to be able to live so long, mustn't he, neighbours?"

The maltster, being know pacified, was even generous enough to voluntarily disparage in a slight degree the

virtue of having lived a great many years, by mentioning that the cup they were drinking out of was three

While the cup was being examined, the end of Gabriel Oak's flute became visible over his smockfrock

pocket, and Henery Fray exclaimed, "Surely, shepherd, I seed you blowing into a great flute by now at

"You did," said Gabriel, blushing faintly. "I've been in great trouble, neighbours, and was driven to it. I used

"Never mind, heart!" said Mark Clark. You should take it carelesslike, shepherd, and your time will come.

"Neither drum nor trumpet have I heard since Christmas," said Jan Coggan. "Come, raise a tune, Master

"Ay, that I will," said Gabriel, pulling out his flute and putting it together. "A poor tool, neighbours; but such

Oak then struck up "Jockey to the Fair," and played that sparkling melody three times through accenting the

notes in the third round in a most artistic and lively manner by bending his body in small jerks and tapping

"He can blow the flute very well that 'a can," said a young married man, who having no individuality

worth mentioning was known as "Susan Tall's husband." He continued, "I'd as lief as not be able to blow into

"He's a clever man, and 'tis a true comfort for us to have such a shepherd," murmured Joseph Poorgrass, in a

soft cadence. "We ought to feel full o' thanksgiving that he's not a player of ba'dy songs 'instead of these

merry tunes; for 'twould have been just as easy for God to have made the shepherd a loose low man a man

of iniquity, so to speak it as what he is. Yes, for our wives' and daughters' sakes we should feel real thanks

"True, true, real thanksgiving!" dashed in Mark Clark conclusively, not feeling it to be of any

consequence to his opinion that he had only heard about a word and three quarters of what Joseph had said.

"Yes," added Joseph, beginning to feel like a man in the Bible; "for evil do thrive so in these times that ye

may be as much deceived in the cleanest shaved and whitest shirted man as in the raggedest tramp upon the

"Ay, I can mind yer face now, shepherd," said Henery Fray, criticising Gabriel with misty eyes as he entered

upon his second tune. "Yes now I see 'ee blowing into the flute I know 'ee to be the same man I see play at

Casterbridge, for yer mouth were scrimped up and yer eyes astaring out like a strangled man's just as

"'Tis a pity that playing the flute should make a man look such a scarecrow," observed Mr. Mark Clark, with

additional criticism of Gabriel's countenance, the latter person jerking out, with the ghastly grimace required

"I hope you don't mind that young man's bad manners in naming your features?" whispered Joseph to

"For by nature ye be a very handsome man, shepherd," continued Joseph Poorgrass, with winning sauvity.

"Thank you very much," said Oak, in the modest tone good manners demanded, thinking, however, that he

would never let Bathsheba see him playing the flute; in this resolve showing a discretion equal to that related

"Ah, when I and my wife were married at Norcombe Church," said the old maltster, not pleased at finding

himself left out of the subject "we were called the handsomest couple in the neighbourhood everybody

"Danged if ye bain't altered now, malter," said a voice with the vigour natural to the enunciation of a

remarkably evident truism. It came from the old man in the background, whose offensiveness and spiteful

ways were barely atoned for by the occasional chuckle he contributed to general laughs.

"Don't ye play no more shepherd" said Susan Tall's husband, the young married man who had spoken once

before. "I must be moving and when there's tunes going on I seem as if hung in wires. If I thought after I'd

left that music was still playing, and I not there, I should be quite melancholy like."

"What's yer hurry then, Laban?" inquired Coggan. "You used to bide as late as the latest."

"Well, ye see, neighbours, I was lately married to a woman, and she's my vocation now, and so ye see "

"Ay, 'a b'lieve ha, ha!" said Susan Tall's husband, in a tone intended to imply his habitual reception of

jokes without minding them at all. The young man then wished them goodnight and withdrew.

Henery Fray was the first to follow. Then Gabriel arose and went off with Jan Coggan, who had offered him

a lodging. A few minutes later, when the remaining ones were on their legs and about to depart, Fray came

back again in a hurry. Flourishing his finger ominously he threw a gaze teeming with tidings just where his

"Stealing it is. The news is, that after Miss Everdene got home she went out again to see all was safe, as she

usually do, and coming in found Baily Pennyways creeping down the granary steps with half a a bushel of

barley. She fleed at him like a cat never such a tomboy as she is of course I speak with closed doors?"

"She fleed at him, and, to cut a long story short, he owned to having carried off five sack altogether, upon her

promising not to persecute him. Well, he's turned out neck and crop, and my question is, who's going to be

The question was such a profound one that Henery was obliged to drink there and then from the large cup till

the bottom was distinctly visible inside. Before he had replaced it on the table, in came the young man, Susan

"No not a morsel of it!" they replied, looking into the very midst of Laban Tall as if to meet his words

"What a night of horrors!" murmured Joseph Poorgrass, waving his hands spasmodically. "I've had the

newsbell ringing in my left ear quite bad enough for a murder, and I've seen a magpie all alone!"

"Fanny Robin Miss everdene's youngest servant can't be found. They've been wanting to lock up the

door these two hours, but she isn't come in. And they don't know what to do about going to hed for fear of

locking her out. They wouldn't be so concerned if she hadn't been noticed in such low spirits these last few

days, and Maryann d' think the beginning of a crowner's inquest has happened to the poor girl."

"Or 'tis her father's razor!" suggested Billy Smallbury, with a vivid sense of detail.

"Well Miss Everdene wants to speak to one or two of us before we go to bed. What with this trouble about

They all hastened up the lane to the farmhouse, excepting the old maltster, whom neither news, fire, rain, nor

thunder could draw from his hole. There, as the others' footsteps died away he sat down again and continued

From the bedroom window above their heads Bathsheba's head and shoulders, robed in mystic white, were

"Tomorrow morning I wish two or three of you to make inquiries in the villages round if they have seen

such a person as Fanny Robin. Do it quietly; there is no reason for alarm as yet. She must have left whilst we

"I beg yer pardon, but had she any young man courting her in the parish, ma'am?" asked Jacob Smallbury.

"It is hardly likely, either," continued Bathsheba. "For any lover of hers might have come to the house if he

had been a respectable lad. The most mysterious matter connected with her absence indeed, the only thing

which gives me serious alarm is that she was seen to go out of the house by Maryann with only her indoor

"And you mean, ma'am, excusing my words, that a young woman would hardly go to see her young man

without dressing up," said Jacob, turning his mental vision upon past experiences. "That's true she would

"She had, I think, a bundle, though I couldn't see very well," said a female voice from another window, which

seemed that of Maryann. "But she had no young man about here. Hers lives in Casterbridge, and I believe

"Perhaps I might be able to find out if I went to Casterbridge barracks," said William Smallbury.

"Very well; if she doesn't return tomorrow, mind you go there and try to discover which man it is, and see

him. I feel more responsible than I should if she had had any friends or relations alive. I do hope she has

come to no harm through a man of that kind.... And then there's this disgraceful affair of the bailiff but I

Bathsheba had so many reasons for uneasiness that it seemed she did not think it worth while to dwell upon

any particular one. "Do as I told you, then," she said in conclusion, closing the casement.

That night at Coggan's, Gabriel Oak, beneath the screen of closed eyelids, was busy with fancies, and full of

movement, like a river flowing rapidly under its ice. Night had always been the time at which he saw

Bathsheba most vividly, and through the slow hours of shadow he tenderly regarded her image now. It is

rarely that the pleasures of the imagination will compensate for the pain of sleeplessness, but they possibly

did with Oak tonight, for the delight of merely seeing her effaced for the time his perception of the great

He also thought of plans for fetching his few utensils and books from Norcombe. THE YOUNG MAN'S

LOST, THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS, ROBINSON CRUSOE, ASH'S DICTIONARY, the Walkingame's

ARITHMETIC, constituted his library; and though a limited series, it was one from which he had acquired

more sound information by diligent perusal than many a man of opportunities has done from a furlong of

BY daylight, the Bower of Oak's newfound mistress, Bathsheba Everdene, presented itself as a hoary

building, of the early stage of Classic Renaissance as regards its architecture, and of a proportion which told

at a glance that, as is so frequently the case, it had once been the memorial hall upon a small estate around it,

now altogether effaced as a distinct property, and merged in the vast tract of a nonresident landlord, which

Fluted pilasters, worked from the solid stone, decorated its front, and above the roof the chimneys were

panelled or columnar, some coped gables with finials and like features still retaining traces of their Gothic

extraction. Soft brown mosses, like faded velveteen, formed cushions upon the stone tiling, and tufts of the

houseleek or sengreen sprouted from the eaves of the low surrounding buildings. A gravel walk leading from

the door to the road in front was encrusted at the sides with more moss here it was a silvergreen variety,

the nutbrown of the gravel being visible to the width of only a foot or two in the centre. This circumstance,

and the generally sleepy air of the whole prospect here, together with the animated and contrasting state of

the reverse facade, suggested to the imagination that on the adaptation of the building for farming purposes

the vital principle of the house had turned round inside its body to face the other way. Reversals of this kind,

strange deformities, tremendous paralyses, are often seen to be inflicted by trade upon edifices either

individual or in the aggregate as streets and towns which were originally planned for pleasure alone.

Lively voices were heard this morning in the upper rooms, the main staircase to which was of hard oak, the

balusters, heavy as bedposts, being turned and moulded in the quaint fashion of their century, the handrail as

stout as a parapettop, and the stairs themselves continually twisting round like a person trying to look over

his shoulder. Going up, the floors above were found to have a very irregular surface, rising to ridges, sinking

into valleys; and being just then uncarpeted, the face of the boards was seen to be eaten into innumerable

vermiculations. Every window replied by a clang to the opening and shutting of every door, a tremble

followed every bustling movement, and a creak accompanied a walker about the house, like a spirit, wherever

In the room from which the conversation proceeded Bathsheba and her servantcompanion, Liddy Smallbury

were to be discovered sitting upon the floor, and sorting a complication of papers, books, bottles, and rubbish

spread out thereon remnants from the household stores of the late occupier. Liddy, the maltster's

greatgranddaughter, was about Bathsheba's equal in age, and her face was a prominent advertisement of the

lighthearted English country girl. The beauty her features might have lacked in form was amply made up for

by perfection of hue, which at this wintertime was the softened ruddiness on a surface of high rotundity that

we meet with in a Terburg or a Gerard Douw; and, like the presentations of those great colourists, it was a

face which kept well back from the boundary between comeliness and the ideal. Though elastic in nature she

was less daring than Bathsheba, and occasionally showed some earnestness, which consisted half of genuine

Through a partlyopened door the noise of a scrubbingbrush led up to the charwoman, Maryann Money, a

person who for a face had a circular disc, furrowed less by age than by long gazes of perplexity at distant

objects. To think of her was to get goodhumoured; to speak of her was to raise the image of a dried

"Stop your scrubbing a moment," said Bathsheba through the door to her. "I hear something."

The tramp of a horse was apparent, approaching the front of the building. The paces slackened, turned in at

the wicket, and, what was most unusual, came up the mossy path close to the door. The door was tapped with

"What impertinence!" said Liddy, in a low voice. "To ride up the footpath like that! Why didn't he stop at the

The further expression of Liddy's concern was continued by aspect instead of narrative.

"Maryann, you go!" said she, fluttering under the onset of a crowd of romantic possibilities.

Liddy held up her hands and arms, coated with dust from the rubbish they were sorting, and looked

"There Mrs. Coggan is going!" said Bathsheba, exhaling her relief in the form of a long breath which had

"Dear, what a thirtover place this world is!" continued Mrs. Coggan (a wholesomelooking lady who had a

voice for each class of remark according to the emotion involved; who could toss a pancake or twirl a mop

with the accuracy of pure mathematics, and who at this moment showed hands shaggy with fragments of

dough and arms encrusted with flour). "I am never up to my elbows, Miss, in making a pudding but one of

two things do happen either my nose must needs begin tickling, and I can't live without scratching it, or

somebody knocks at the door. Here's Mr. Boldwood wanting to see you, Miss Everdne."

A woman's dress being a part of her countenance, and any disorder in the one being of the same nature with a

Notathomes were hardly naturalized in Weatherbury farmhouses, so Liddy suggested "Say you're a

Mrs. Coggan went downstairs, and returned the answer as requested, adding, however, on her own

responsibility, "Miss is dusting bottles, sir, and is quite a object that's why 'tis."

"Oh, very well," said the deep voice indifferently. "All I wanted to ask was, if anything had been heard of

"Nothing, sir but we may know tonight. William Smallbury is gone to Casterbridge, where her young

"What a bother this dusting is! I am always in some unfortunate plight or other," Bathsheba said,

"Oh, because, as she had no friends in her childhood, he took her and put her to school, and got her her place

"Never was such a hopeless man for a woman! He's been courted by sixes and sevens all the girls, gentle

and simple, for miles round, have tried him. Jane Perkins worked at him for two months like a slave, and the

two Miss Taylors spent a year upon him, and he cost Farmer Ives's daughter nights of tears and twenty

pounds' worth of new clothes; but Lord the money might as well have been thrown out of the window."

A little boy came up at this moment and looked in upon them. This child was one of the Coggans, who, with

the Smallburys, were as common among the families of this district as the Avons and Derwents among our

rivers. He always had a loosened tooth or a cut finger to show to particular friends, which he did with an air

of being thereby elevated above the common herd of afflictionless humanity to which exhibition people

were expected to say "Poor child!" with a dash of congratulation as well as pity.

"He said, 'Where are you going, my little man?' and I said, 'To Miss Everdene's please,' and he said, 'She is a

"What a pucker everything is in!" said Bathsheba, discontentedly when the child had gone. "Get away,

Maryann, or go on with your scrubbing, or do something! You ought to be married by this time, and not here

"Ay, mistress so I did. But what between the poor men I won't have, and the rich men who won't have me,

"Did anybody ever want to marry you miss?" Liddy ventured to ask when they were again alone. "Lots of

Bathsheba paused, as if about to refuse a reply, but the temptation to say yes, since it was really in her power

was irresistible by aspiring virginity, in spite of her spleen at having been published as old.

"A man wanted to once," she said, in a highly experienced tone and the image of Gabriel Oak, as the farmer,

"How nice it must seem!" said Liddy, with the fixed features of mental realization. "And you wouldn't have

"How sweet to be able to disdain, when most of us are glad to say, 'Thank you!' I seem I hear it. 'No, sir

I'm your better.' or 'Kiss my foot, sir; my face is for mouths of consequence.' And did you love him, miss?"

Liddy looked from a back window into the courtyard behind, which was now getting lowtoned and dim with

the earliest films of night. A crooked file of men was approaching the back door. The whole string of trailing

individuals advanced in the completest balance of intention, like the remarkable creatures known as Chain

Salpae, which, distinctly organized in other respects, have one will common to a whole family. Some were,

as usual, in snowwhite smockfrocks of Russia duck, and some in whiteybrown ones of drabbet

marked on the wrists, breasts, backs, and sleeves with honeycombwork. Two or three women in pattens

"The Philistines be upon us," said Liddy, making her nose white against the glass.

"Oh, very well. Maryann, go down and keep them in the kitchen till I am dressed, and then show them in to

HALFANHOUR later Bathsheba, in finished dress, and followed by Liddy, entered the upper end of the

old hall to find that her men had all deposited themselves on a long form and a settle at the lower extremity.

She sat down at a table and opened the timebook, pen in her hand, with a canvas moneybag beside her.

From this she poured a small heap of coin. Liddy chose a position at her elbow and began to sew, sometimes

pausing and looking round, or with the air of a privileged person, taking up one of the halfsovereigns lying

before her and surveying it merely as a work of art, while strictly preventing her countenance from

"Now before I begin, men," said Bathsheba, "I have two matters to speak of. The first is that the bailiff is

dismissed for thieving, and that I have formed a resolution to have no bailiff at all, but to manage everything

"I met Farmer Boldwood," said Jacob Smallbury, "and I went with him and two of his men, and dragged

"And the new shepherd have been to Buck's Head, by Yalbury, thinking she had gone there, but nobody had

"It wants a quarter to six at present," said Bathsheba, looking at her watch. "I daresay he'll be in directly.

"Yes, sir ma'am I mane," said the person addressed. "I be the personal name of Poorgrass."

"Nothing in my own eye. In the eye of other people well, I don't say it; though public thought will out."

"I do do carting things all the year, and in seed time I shoots the rooks and sparrows, and helps at pigkilling,

"Please nine and ninepence and a good halfpenny where 'twas a bad one, sir ma'am I mane."

"Quite correct. Now here are ten shillings in addition as a small present, as I am a new comer."

Bathsheba blushed slightly at the sense of being generous in public, and Henery Fray, who had drawn up

towards her chair, lifted his eyebrows and fingers to express amazement on a small scale.

"How much do I owe you that man in the corner what's your name?" continued Bathsheba.

"Matthew Moon, ma'am," said a singular framework of clothes with nothing of any consequence inside them,

which advanced with the toes in no definite direction forwards, but turned in or out as they chanced to swing.

"Matthew Mark, did you say? speak out I shall not hurt you," inquired the young farmer, kindly.

"Matthew Moon, mem," said Henery Fray, correctingly, from behind her chair, to which point he had edged

"Matthew Moon," murmured Bathsheba, turning her bright eyes to the book. "Ten and twopence halfpenny is

"Here it is, and ten shillings. Now the next Andrew Randle, you are a new man, I hear. How come you to

"'A's a stammering man, mem," said Henery Fray in an undertone, "and they turned him away because the

only time he ever did speak plain he said his soul was his own, and other iniquities, to the squire. 'A can cuss,

"Andrew Randle, here's yours finish thanking me in a day or two. Temperance Miller oh, here's

"Tending thrashingmachine and wimbling haybonds, and saying 'Hoosh!' to the cocks and hens when they

go upon your seeds and planting Early Flourballs and Thompson's Wonderfuls with a dibble."

"Oh mem don't ask me! Yielding women as scarlet a pair as ever was!" groaned Henery under his

Joseph Poorgrass, in the background twitched, and his lips became dry with fear of some terrible

consequences, as he saw Bathsheba summarily speaking, and Henery slinking off to a corner.

"True the man must live!" said a woman in the back quarter, who had just entered with clicking pattens.

"I be his lawful wife!" continued the voice with greater prominence of manner and tone. This lady called

herself fiveandtwenty, looked thirty, passed as thirtyfive, and was forty. She was a woman who never,

like some newly married, showed conjugal tenderness in public, perhaps because she had none to show.

"Oh Lord, not he, ma'am! A simple tool. Well enough, but a poor gawkhammer mortal," the wife replied

"Hehhehheh!" laughed the married man with a hideous effort of appreciation, for he was as irrepressibly

"Now I think I have done with you," said Bathsheba, closing the book and shaking back a stray twine of hair.

"The new shepherd will want a man under him," suggested Henery Fray, trying to make himself official again

"Young Cain Ball is a very good lad," Henery said, "and Shepherd Oak don't mind his youth?" he added,

turning with an apologetic smile to the shepherd, who had just appeared on the scene, and was now leaning

"Oh you see, mem, his pore mother, not being a Scripture read woman, made a mistake at his christening,

thinking 'twas Abel killed Cain, and called en Cain, but 'twas too late, for the name could never be got rid of

"Yes. However, we soften it down as much as we can, and call him Cainy. Ah, pore widowwoman! she

cried her heart out about it almost. She was brought up by a very heathen father and mother, who never sent

her to church or school, and it shows how the sins of the parents are visited upon the children, mem."

Mr. Fray here drew up his features to the mild degree of melancholy required when the persons involved in

"Very well then, Cainey Ball to be undershepherd. And you quite understand your duties? you I mean,

"Quite well, I thank you, Miss Everdene," said Shepard Oak from the doorpost. "If I don't, I'll inquire."

Gabriel was rather staggered by the remarkable coolness of her manner. Certainly nobody without previous

information would have dreamt that Oak and the handsome woman before whom he stood had ever been

other than strangers. But perhaps her air was the inevitable result of the social rise which had advanced her

from a cottage to a large house and fields. The case is not unexampled in high places. When, in the writings

of the later poets, Jove and his family are found to have moved from their cramped quarters on the peak of

Olympus into the wide sky above it, their words show a proportionate increase of arrogance and reserve.

Footsteps were heard in the passage, combining in their character the qualities both of weight and measure,

"And what's the news?" said Bathsheba, as William, after marching to the middle of the hall, took a

handkerchief from his hat and wiped his forehead from its centre to its remoter boundaries.

"I should have been sooner, miss," he said, "if it hadn't been for the weather." He then stamped with each foot

"Well, ma'am, in round numbers, she's run away with the soldiers," said William.

"I'll tell ye all particulars. When I got to Casterbridge Barracks, they said, 'The Eleventh DragoonGuards be

gone away, and new troops have come.' The Eleventh left last week for Melchester and onwards. The Route

came from Government like a thief in the night, as is his nature to, and afore the Eleventh knew it almost,

"Yes," continued William, "they pranced down the street playing 'The Girl I Left Behind Me,' so 'tis said, in

glorious notes of triumph. Every lookeron's inside shook with the blows of the great drum to his deepest

vitals, and there was not a dry eye throughout the town among the publichouse people and the nameless

"No, ma'am; but they be gone to take the places of them who may, which is very close connected. And so I

said to myself, Fanny's young man was one of the regiment, and she's gone after him. There, ma'am, that's it

"Well, we are not likely to know more tonight, at any rate," said Bathsheba. "But one of you had better run

She then rose; but before retiring, addressed a few words to them with a pretty dignity, to which her

mourning dress added a soberness that was hardly to be found in the words themselves.

"Now mind, you have a mistress instead of a master. I don't yet know my powers or my talents in farming;

but I shall do my best, and if you serve me well, so shall I serve you. Don't any unfair ones among you (if

there are any such, but I hope not) suppose that because I'm a woman I don't understand the difference

"I shall be up before you are awake; I shall be afield before you are up; and I shall have breakfasted before

Then this small thesmothete stepped from the table, and surged out of the hall, her black silk dress licking up

a few straws and dragging them along with a scratching noise upon the floor. Liddy, elevating her feelings to

the occasion from a sense of grandeur, floated off behind Bathsheba with a milder dignity not entirely free

FOR dreariness nothing could surpass a prospect in the outskirts of a certain town and military station, many

miles north of Weatherbury, at a later hour on this same snowy evening if that may be called a prospect of

It was a night when sorrow may come to the brightest without causing any great sense of incongruity: when,

with impressible persons, love becomes solicitousness, hope sinks to misgiving, and faith to hope: when the

exercise of memory does not stir feelings of regret at opportunities for ambition that have been passed by, and

The scene was a public path, bordered on the left hand by a river, behind which rose a high wall. On the right

was a tract of land, partly meadow and partly moor, reaching, at its remote verge, to a wide undulating uplan.

The changes of the seasons are less obtrusive on spots of this kind than amid woodland scenery. Still, to a

close observer, they are just as perceptible; the difference is that their media of manifestation are less trite and

familiar than such wellknown ones as the bursting of the buds or the fall of the leaf. Many are not so

stealthy and gradual as we may be apt to imagine in considering the general torpidity of a moor or waste.

Winter, in coming to the country hereabout, advanced in wellmarked stages, wherein might have been

successively observed the retreat of the snakes, the transformation of the ferns, the filling of the pools, a

rising of fogs, the embrowning by frost, the collapse of the fungi, and an obliteration by snow.

This climax of the series had been reached tonight on the aforesaid moor, and for the first time in the season

its irregularities were forms without features; suggestive of anything, proclaiming nothing, and without more

character than that of being the limit of something else the lowest layer of a firmament of snow. From this

chaotic skyful of crowding flakes the mead and moor momentarily received additional clothing, only to

appear momentarily more naked thereby. The vast arch of cloud above was strangely low, and formed as it

were the roof of a large dark cavern, gradually sinking in upon its floor; for the instinctive thought was that

the snow lining the heavens and that encrusting the earth would soon unite into one mass without any

We turn our attention to the lefthand characteristics; which were flatness in respect of the river, verticality in

respect of the wall behind it, and darkness as to both. These features made up the mass. If anything could be

darker than the sky, it was the wall, and if any thing could be gloomier than the wall it was the river beneath.

The indistinct summit of the facade was notched and pronged by chimneys here and there, and upon its face

were faintly signified the oblong shapes of windows, though only in the upper part. Below, down to the

An indescribable succession of dull blows, perplexing in their regularity, sent their sound with difficulty

through the fluffy atmosphere. It was a neighbouring clock striking ten. The bell was in the open air, and

being overlaid with several inches of muffling snow, had lost its voice for the time.

About this hour the snow abated: ten flakes fell where twenty had fallen, then one had the room of ten. Not

By its outline upon the colourless background, a close observer might have seen that it was small. This was

The shape went slowly along, but without much exertion, for the snow, though sudden, was not as yet more

Between each utterance the little shape advanced about half a dozen yards. It was evident now that the

windows high in the wall were being counted. The word "Five" represented the fifth window from the end of

Here the spot stopped, and dwindled smaller. The figure was stooping. Then a morsel of snow flew across the

river towards the fifth window. It smacked against the wall at a point several yards from its mark. The throw

was the idea of a man conjoined with the execution of a woman. No man who had ever seen bird, rabbit, or

squirrel in his childhood, could possibly have thrown with such utter imbecility as was shown here.

Another attempt, and another; till by degrees the wall must have become pimpled with the adhering lumps of

The river would have been seen by day to be of that deep smooth sort which races middle and sides with the

same gliding precision, any irregularities of speed being immediately corrected by a small whirlpool. Nothing

was heard in reply to the signal but the gurgle and cluck of one of these invisible wheels together with a

few small sounds which a sad man would have called moans, and a happy man laughter caused by the

Then a noise was heard, apparently produced by the opening of the window. This was followed by a voice

The tones were masculine, and not those of surprise. The high wall being that of a barrack, and marriage

being looked upon with disfavour in the army, assignations and communications had probably been made

This person was so much like a mere shade upon the earth, and the other speaker so much a part of the

building, that one would have said the wall was holding a conversation with the snow.

There was something in the woman's tone which is not that of the wife, and there was a manner in the man

"I did not expect you tonight. Indeed, I did not think you would come at all. It was a wonder you found me

My dear Fan, no! The bugle has sounded, the barrack gates are closed, and I have no leave. We are all of us

"Then I shan't see you till then!" The words were in a faltering tone of disappointment.

"O you do! Don't speak like that. It weighs me to the earth. It makes me say what ought to be said first by

"My lodgings are in St. Mary's, and this is not. So they will have to be published in both."

"Yes. O Frank you think me forward, I am afraid! Don't, dear Frank will you for I love you so. And

"The fact is, I forgot to ask. Your coming like this is so sudden and unexpected."

"Yes yes it is. It was wrong of me to worry you. I'll go away now. Will you come and see me

tomorrow, at Mrs. Twills's, in North Street? I don't like to come to the Barracks. There are bad women

And the noise was again heard of a window closing. The little spot moved away. When she passed the corner

"Ho ho Sergeant ho ho!" An expostulation followed, but it was indistinct; and it became lost

amid a low peal of laughter, which was hardly distinguishable from the gurgle of the tiny whirlpools outside.

THE first public evidence of Bathsheba's decision to be a farmer in her own person and by proxy no more

The low though extensive hall, supported by beams and pillars, and latterly dignified by the name of Corn

Exchange, was thronged with hot men who talked among each other in twos and threes, the speaker of the

minute looking sideways into his auditor's face and concentrating his argument by a contraction of one eyelid

during delivery. The greater number carried in their hands groundash saplings, using them partly as

walkingsticks and partly for poking up pigs, sheep, neighbours with their backs turned, and restful things in

general, which seemed to require such treatment in the course of their peregrinations. During conversations

each subjected his sapling to great varieties of usage bending it round his back, forming an arch of it

between his two hands, overweighting it on the ground till it reached nearly a semicircle; or perhaps it was

hastily tucked under the arm whilst the samplebag was pulled forth and a handful of corn poured into the

palm, which, after criticism, was flung upon the floor, an issue of events perfectly well known to

halfadozen acute townbred fowls which had as usual crept into the building unobserved, and waited the

Among these heavy yeomen a feminine figure glided, the single one of her sex that the room contained. She

was prettily and even daintily dressed. She moved between them as a chaise between carts, was heard after

them as a romance after sermons, was felt among them like a breeze among furnaces. It had required a little

determination far more than she had at first imagined to take up a position here, for at her first entry

the lumbering dialogues had ceased, nearly every face had been turned towards her, and those that were

Two or three only of the farmers were personally known to Bathsheba, and to these she had made her way.

But if she was to be the practical woman she had intended to show herself, business must be carried on,

introductions or none, and she ultimately acquired confidence enough to speak and reply boldly to men

merely known to her by hearsay. Bathsheba too had her samplebags, and by degrees adopted the

professional pour into the hand holding up the grains in her narrow palm for inspection, in perfect

Something in the exact arch of her upper unbroken row of teeth, and in the keenly pointed corners of her red

mouth when, with parted lips, she somewhat defiantly turned up her face to argue a point with a tall man,

suggested that there was potentiality enough in that lithe slip of humanity for alarming exploits of sex, and

daring enough to carry them out. But her eyes had a softness invariably a softness which, had they not

been dark, would have seemed mistiness; as they were, it lowered an expression that might have been

Strange to say of a woman in full bloom and vigor, she always allowed her interlocutors to finish their

statements before rejoining with hers. In arguing on prices, she held to her own firmly, as was natural in a

dealer, and reduced theirs persistently, as was inevitable in a woman. But there was an elasticity in her

firmness which removed it from obstinacy, as there was a naivete in her cheapening which saved it from

Those of the farmers with whom she had no dealings by far the greater part) were continually asking each

"Farmer Everdene's niece; took on Weatherbury Upper Farm; turned away the baily, and swears she'll do

"Yes, 'tis a pity she's so headstrong," the first would say. "But we ought to be proud of her here she

lightens up the old place. 'Tis such a shapely maid, however, that she'll soon get picked up."

It would be ungallant to suggest that the novelty of her engagement in such an occupation had almost as

much to do with the magnetism as had the beauty of her face and movements. However, the interest was

general, and this Saturday's DEBUT in the forum, whatever it may have been to Bathsheba as the buying and

selling farmer, was unquestionably a triumph to her as the maiden. Indeed, the sensation was so pronounced

that her instinct on two or three occasions was merely to walk as a queen among these gods of the fallow, like

The numerous evidences of her power to attract were only thrown into greater relief by a marked exception.

Women seem to have eyes in their ribbons for such matters as these. Bathsheba, without looking within a

It perplexed her first. If there had been a respectable minority on either side, the case would have been most

natural. If nobody had regarded her, she would have taken the matter indifferently such cases had

occurred. If everybody, this man included, she would have taken it as a matter of course people had done

She soon knew thus much of the recusant's appearance. He was a gentlemanly man, with full and distinctly

outlined Roman features, the prominences of which glowed in the sun with a bronzelike richness of tone.

He was erect in attitude, and quiet in demeanour. One characteristic pre eminently marked him dignity.

Apparently he had some time ago reached that entrance to middle age at which a man's aspect naturally

ceases to alter for the term of a dozen years or so; and, artificially, a woman's does likewise. Thirtyfive and

fifty were his limits of variation he might have been either, or anywhere between the two.

It may be said that married men of forty are usually ready and generous enough to fling passing glances at

any specimen of moderate beauty they may discern by the way. Probably, as with persons playing whist for

love, the consciousness of a certain immunity under any circumstances from that worst possible ultimate, the

having to pay, makes them unduly speculative. Bathsheba was convinced that this unmoved person was not a

When marketing was over, she rushed off to Liddy, who was waiting for her beside the yellowing in

which they had driven to town. The horse was put in, and on they trotted Bathsheba's sugar, tea, and drapery

parcels being packed behind, and expressing in some indescribable manner, by their colour, shape, and

general lineaments, that they were that young ladyfarmer's property, and the grocer's and drapers no more.

"I've been through it, Liddy, and it is over. I shan't mind it again, for they will all have grown accustomed to

seeing me there; but this morning it was as bad as being married eyes everywhere!"

"I knowed it would be," Liddy said. "Men be such a terrible class of society to look at a body."

"But there was one man who had more sense than to waste his time upon me." The information was put in

this form that Liddy might not for a moment suppose her mistress was at all piqued. "A very goodlooking

man," she continued, "upright; about forty, I should think. Do you know at all who he could be?"

"I haven't a notion; besides, 'tis no difference, since he took less notice of you than any of the rest. Now, if

Bathsheba was suffering from the reverse feeling just then, and they bowled along in silence. A low carriage,

bowling along still more rapidly behind a horse of unimpeachable breed, overtook and passed them.

Liddy looked. "That! That's Farmer Boldwood of course 'tis the man you couldn't see the other day

"Oh, Farmer Boldwood," murmured Bathsheba, and looked at him as he outstripped them. The farmer had

never turned his head once, but with eyes fixed on the most advanced point along the road, passed as

"I wonder why he is so wrapt up and indifferent, and seemingly so far away from all he sees around him."

"It is said but not known for certain that he met with some bitter disappointment when he was a young

"People always say that and we know very well women scarcely ever jilt men; 'tis the men who jilt us. I

"Still, 'tis more romantic to think he has been served cruelly, poor thing'! Perhaps, after all, he has!"

"However, we are very apt to think extremes of people. I shouldn't wonder after all if it wasn't a little of

"Well, yes, so it is. I am convinced it is most likely. You may take my word, miss, that that's what's the

IT was Sunday afternoon in the farmhouse, on the thirteenth of February. Dinner being over, Bathsheba, for

want of a better companion, had asked Liddy to come and sit with her. The mouldy pile was dreary in

wintertime before the candles were lighted and the shutters closed; the atmosphere of the place seemed as

old as the walls; every nook behind the furniture had a temperature of its own, for the fire was not kindled in

this part of the house early in the day; and Bathsheba's new piano, which was an old one in other annals,

looked particularly sloping and out of level on the warped floor before night threw a shade over its less

prominent angles and hid the unpleasantness. Liddy, like a little brook, though shallow, was always rippling;

her presence had not so much weight as to task thought, and yet enough to exercise it.

On the table lay an old quarto Bible, bound in leather. Liddy looking at it said,

"Did you ever find out, miss, who you are going to marry by means of the Bible and key?"

"Very well, let's try it," said Bathsheba, bounding from her seat with that total disregard of consistency which

can be indulged in towards a dependent, and entering into the spirit of divination at once. "Go and get the

Liddy fetched it. "I wish it wasn't Sunday," she said, on returning." Perhaps 'tis wrong."

"What's right week days is right Sundays," replied her mistress in a tone which was a proof in itself.

The book was opened the leaves, drab with age, being quite worn away at muchread verses by the

forefingers of unpractised readers in former days, where they were moved along under the line as an aid to

the vision. The special verse in the Book of Ruth was sought out by Bathsheba, and the sublime words met

her eye. They slightly thrilled and abashed her. It was Wisdom in the abstract facing Folly in the concrete.

Folly in the concrete blushed, persisted in her intention, and placed the key on the book. A rusty patch

immediately upon the verse, caused by previous pressure of an iron substance thereon, told that this was not

"Did you notice Mr. Boldwood's doings in church this morning, miss?" Liddy continued, adumbrating by the

This move was unexpected, and proportionately disconcerting. "What did he do?" Bathsheba said perforce.

"Why should he?" again demanded her mistress, wearing a nettled look. "I didn't ask him to.

"Oh no. But everybody else was noticing you; and it was odd he didn't. There, 'tis like him. Rich and

Bathsheba dropped into a silence intended to express that she had opinions on the matter too abstruse for

"Dear me I had nearly forgotten the valentine I bought yesterday," she exclaimed at length.

It was the single name among all possible wrong ones that just at this moment seemed to Bathsheba more

"Well, no. It is only for little Teddy Coggan. I have promised him something, and this will be a pretty

surprise for him. Liddy, you may as well bring me my desk and I'll direct it at once."

Bathsheba took from her desk a gorgeously illuminated and embossed design in postoctavo, which had been

bought on the previous marketday at the chief stationer's in Casterbridge. In the centre was a small oval

enclosure; this was left blank, that the sender might insert tender words more appropriate to the special

"Yes, that shall be it. It just suits itself to a chubby faced child like him," said Bathsheba. She inserted the

words in a small though legible handwriting; enclosed the sheet in an envelope, and dipped her pen for the

"What fun it would be to send it to the stupid old Boldwood, and how he would wonder!" said the

irrepressible Liddy, lifting her eyebrows, and indulging in an awful mirth on the verge of fear as she thought

Bathsheba paused to regard the idea at full length. Boldwood's had begun to be a troublesome image a

species of Daniel in her kingdom who persisted in kneeling eastward when reason and common sense said

that he might just as well follow suit with the rest, and afford her the official glance of admiration which cost

nothing at all. She was far from being seriously concerned about his nonconformity. Still, it was faintly

depressing that the most dignified and valuable man in the parish should withhold his eyes, and that a girl like

Liddy should talk about it. So Liddy's idea was at first rather harassing than piquant.

"Really, I don't care particularly to send it to Teddy," remarked her mistress. "He's rather a naughty child

"Let's toss as men do," said Bathsheba, idly. "Now then, head, Boldwood; tail, Teddy. No, we won't toss

"Very well. Open, Boldwood shut, Teddy. No; it's more likely to fall open. Open, Teddy shut,

Bathsheba, a small yawn upon her mouth, took the pen, and with offhand serenity directed the missive to

"Now light a candle, Liddy. Which seal shall we use? Here's a unicorn's head there's nothing in that.

What's this? two doves no. It ought to be something extraordinary, ought it not, Liddy? Here's one

with a motto I remember it is some funny one, but I can't read it. We'll try this, and if it doesn't do we'll

A large red seal was duly affixed. Bathsheba looked closely at the hot wax to discover the words.

"Capital!" she exclaimed, throwing down the letter frolicsomely. "'Twould upset the solemnity of a parson

The same evening the letter was sent, and was duly sorted in Casterbridge postoffice that night, to be

So very idly and unreflectingly was this deed done. Of love as a spectacle Bathsheba had a fair knowledge;

AT dusk, on the evening of St. Valentine's Day, Boldwood sat down to supper as usual, by a beaming fire of

aged logs. Upon the mantelshelf before him was a timepiece, surmounted by a spread eagle, and upon the

eagle's wings was the letter Bathsheba had sent. Here the bachelor's gaze was continually fastening itself, till

the large red seal became as a blot of blood on the retina of his eye; and as he ate and drank he still read in

The pert injunction was like those crystal substances which, colourless themselves, assume the tone of objects

about them. Here, in the quiet of Boldwood's parlour, where everything that was not grave was extraneous,

and where the atmosphere was that of a Puritan Sunday lasting all the week, the letter and its dictum changed

their tenor from the thoughtlessness of their origin to a deep solemnity, imbibed from their accessories now.

Since the receipt of the missive in the morning, Boldwood had felt the symmetry of his existence to be slowly

getting distorted in the direction of an ideal passion. The disturbance was as the first floating weed to

Columbus the contemptibly little suggesting possibilities of the infinitely great.

The letter must have had an origin and a motive. That the latter was of the smallest magnitude compatible

with its existence at all, Boldwood, of course, did not know. And such an explanation did not strike him as a

possibility even. It is foreign to a mystified condition of mind to realize of the mystifier that the processes of

approving a course suggested by circumstance, and of striking out a course from inner impulse, would look

the same in the result. The vast difference between starting a train of events, and directing into a particular

groove a series already started, is rarely apparent to the person confounded by the issue.

When Boldwood went to bed he placed the valentine in the corner of the lookingglass. He was conscious of

its presence, even when his back was turned upon it. It was the first time in Boldwood's life that such an

event had occurred. The same fascination that caused him to think it an act which had a deliberate motive

prevented him from regarding it as an impertinence. He looked again at the direction. The mysterious

influences of night invested the writing with the presence of the unknown writer. Somebody's some

WOMAN'S hand had travelled softly over the paper bearing his name; her unrevealed eyes had watched

every curve as she formed it; her brain had seen him in imagination the while. Why should she have imagined

him? Her mouth were the lips red or pale, plump or creased? had curved itself to a certain expression

as the pen went on the corners had moved with all their natural tremulousness: what had been the

The vision of the woman writing, as a supplement to the words written, had no individuality. She was a misty

shape, and well she might be, considering that her original was at that moment sound asleep and oblivious of

all love and letterwriting under the sky. Whenever Boldwood dozed she took a form, and comparatively

The moon shone tonight, and its light was not of a customary kind. His window admitted only a reflection

of its rays, and the pale sheen had that reversed direction which snow gives, coming upward and lighting up

his ceiling in an unnatural way, casting shadows in strange places, and putting lights where shadows had used

The substance of the epistle had occupied him but little in comparison with the fact of its arrival. He suddenly

wondered if anything more might be found in the envelope than what he had withdrawn. He jumped out of

bed in the weird light, took the letter, pulled out the flimsy sheet, shook the envelope searched it. Nothing

more was there. Boldwood looked, as he had a hundred times the preceding day, at the insistent red seal:

The solemn and reserved yeoman again closed the letter, and stuck it in the frame of the glass. In doing so he

caught sight of his reflected features, wan in expression, and insubstantial in form. He saw how closely

compressed was his mouth, and that his eyes were widespread and vacant. Feeling uneasy and dissatisfied

Then the dawn drew on. The full power of the clear heaven was not equal to that of a cloudy sky at noon,

when Boldwood arose and dressed himself. He descended the stairs and went out towards the gate of a field

It was one of the usual slow sunrises of this time of the year, and the sky, pure violet in the zenith, was leaden

to the northward, and murky to the east, where, over the snowy down or ewelease on Weatherbury Upper

Farm, and apparently resting upon the ridge, the only half of the sun yet visible burnt rayless, like a red and

flameless fire shining over a white hearthstone. The whole effect resembled a sunset as childhood resembles

In other directions, the fields and sky were so much of one colour by the snow, that it was difficult in a hasty

glance to tell whereabouts the horizon occurred; and in general there was here, too, that beforementioned

preternatural inversion of light and shade which attends the prospect when the garish brightness commonly in

the sky is found on the earth, and the shades of earth are in the sky. Over the west hung the wasting moon,

Boldwood was listlessly noting how the frost had hardened and glazed the surface of the snow, till it shone in

the red eastern light with the polish of marble; how, in some portions of the slope, withered grassbents,

encased in icicles, bristled through the smooth wan coverlet in the twisted and curved shapes of old Venetian

glass; and how the footprints of a few birds, which had hopped over the snow whilst it lay in the state of a

soft fleece, were now frozen to a short permanency. A halfmuffled noise of light wheels interrupted him.

Boldwood turned back into the road. It was the mailcart a crazy, twowheeled vehicle, hardly heavy

enough to resist a puff of wind. The driver held out a letter. Boldwood seized it and opened it, expecting

another anonymous one so greatly are people's ideas of probability a mere sense that precedent will repeat

"I don't think it is for you, sir," said the man, when he saw Boldwood's action. "Though there is no name I

"Oh what a mistake! it is not mine. Nor is it for my shepherd. It is for Miss Everdene's. "You had

At this moment, on the ridge, up against the blazing sky, a figure was visible, like the black snuff in the midst

of a candleflame. Then it moved and began to bustle about vigorously from place to place, carrying square

skeleton masses, which were riddled by the same rays. A small figure on all fours followed behind. The tall

form was that of Gabriel Oak; the small one that of George; the articles in course of transit were hurdles.

"Wait," said Boldwood. "That's the man on the hill. I'll take the letter to him myself."

To Boldwood it was now no longer merely a letter to I another man. It was an opportunity. Exhibiting a face

Gabriel, at that minute, descended the hill towards the right. The glow stretched down in this direction now,

and touched the distant roof of Warren's Malthouse whither the shepherd was apparently bent: Boldwood

THE scarlet and orange light outside the malthouse did not penetrate to its interior, which was, as usual,

The maltster, after having lain down in his clothes for a few hours, was now sitting beside a threelegged

table, breakfasting of bread and bacon. This was eaten on the plateless system, which is performed by placing

a slice of bread upon the table, the meat flat upon the bread, a mustard plaster upon the meat, and a pinch of

salt upon the whole, then cutting them vertically downwards with a large pocketknife till wood is reached,

when the severed lamp is impaled on the knife, elevated, and sent the proper way of food.

The maltster's lack of teeth appeared not to sensibly diminish his powers as a mill. He had been without them

for so many years that toothlessness was felt less to be a defect than hard gums an acquisition. Indeed, he

seemed to approach the grave as a hyperbolic curve approaches a straight line less directly as he got

In the ashpit was a heap of potatoes roasting, and a boiling pipkin of charred bread, called "coffee." for the

benefit of whomsoever should call, for Warren's was a sort of clubhouse, used as an alternative to the inn.

"I say, says I, we get a fine day, and then down comes a snapper at night," was a remark now suddenly heard

spreading into the malthouse from the door, which had been opened the previous moment. The form of

Henery Fray advanced to the fire, stamping the snow from his boots when about halfway there. The speech

and entry had not seemed to be at all an abrupt beginning to the maltster, introductory matter being often

omitted in this neighbourhood, both from word and deed, and the maltster having the same latitude allowed

him, did not hurry to reply. He picked up a fragment of cheese, by pecking upon it with his knife, as a butcher

Henery appeared in a drab kerseymere greatcoat, buttoned over his smockfrock, the white skirts of the

latter being visible to the distance of about a foot below the coat tails, which, when you got used to the style

of dress, looked natural enough, and even ornamental it certainly was comfortable.

Matthew Moon, Joseph Poorgrass, and other carters and waggoners followed at his heels, with great lanterns

dangling from their hands, which showed that they had just come from the carthorse stables, where they had

"And how is she getting on without a baily?" the maltster inquired. Henery shook his head, and smiled one of

the bitter smiles, dragging all the flesh of his forehead into a corrugated heap in the centre.

"She'll rue it surely, surely!" he said "Benjy Pennyways were not a true man or an honest baily as big a

betrayer as Judas Iscariot himself. But to think she can carr' on alone!" He allowed his head to swing laterally

This was recognized by all as the conclusion of some gloomy speech which had been expressed in thought

alone during the shake of the head; Henery meanwhile retained several marks of despair upon his face, to

imply that they would be required for use again directly he should go on speaking.

"All will be ruined, and ourselves too, or there's no meat in gentlemen's houses!" said Mark Clark.

"A headstrong maid, that's what she is and won't listen to no advice at all. Pride and vanity have ruined

many a cobbler's dog. Dear, dear, when I think o' it, I sorrows like a man in travel!"

"True, Henery, you do, I've heard ye," said Joseph Poorgrass in a voice of thorough attestation, and with a

"'Twould do a martel man no harm to have what's under her bonnet," said Billy Smallbury, who had just

entered, bearing his one tooth before him. "She can spaik real language, and must have some sense

"I do, I do; but no baily I deserved that place," wailed Henery, signifying wasted genius by gazing blankly

at visions of a high destiny apparently visible to him on Billy Smallbury's smockfrock. "There, 'twas to be, I

suppose. Your lot is your lot, and Scripture is nothing; for if you do good you don't get rewarded according to

"No, no; I don't agree with'ee there," said Mark Clark. God's a perfect gentleman in that respect."

A short pause ensued, and as a sort of ENTR'ACTE Henery turned and blew out the lanterns, which the

increase of daylight rendered no longer necessary even in the malthouse, with its one pane of glass.

"I wonder what a farmerwoman can want with a harpsichord, dulcimer, pianner, or whatever 'tis they d'call

"Ay. Seems her old uncle's things were not good enough for her. She've bought all but everything new.

There's heavy chairs for the stout, weak and wiry ones for the slender; great watches, getting on to the size of

"And long horsehair settles for the drunk, with horsehair pillows at each end," said Mr. Clark. "Likewise

A firm loud tread was now heard stamping outside; the door was opened about six inches, and somebody on

The door was flung back till it kicked the wall and trembled from top to bottom with the blow. Mr. Oak

appeared in the entry with a steaming face, haybands wound about his ankles to keep out the snow, a leather

strap round his waist outside the smockfrock, and looking altogether an epitome of the world's health and

vigour. Four lambs hung in various embarrassing attitudes over his shoulders, and the dog George, whom

"Well, Shepherd Oak, and how's lambing this year, if I mid say it?" inquired Joseph Poorgrass.

"Terrible trying," said Oak. "I've been wet through twice aday, either in snow or rain, this last fortnight.

"Too many by half. Yes; 'tis a very queer lambing this year. We shan't have done by Lady Day."

"Bring on the rest Cain," said Gabriel, " and then run back to the ewes. I'll follow you soon."

Cainy Ball a cheeryfaced young lad, with a small circular orifice by way of mouth, advanced and

deposited two others, and retired as he was bidden. Oak lowered the lambs from their unnatural elevation,

"We've no lambinghut here, as I used to have at Norcombe," said Gabriel, " and 'tis such a plague to bring

the weakly ones to a house. If 'twasn't for your place here, malter, I don't know what I should do! this keen

"Sit down, Shepherd Oak," continued the ancient man of malt. "And how was the old place at Norcombe,

when ye went for your dog? I should like to see the old familiar spot; but faith, I shouldn't know a soul there

"Yes; and Tompkins's old appletree is rooted that used to bear two hogsheads of cider; and no help from

"And you can mind the old well that used to be in the middle of the place? That's turned into a solid iron

"Dear, dear how the face of nations alter, and what we live to see nowadays! Yes and 'tis the same

"What have you been saying about her?" inquired Oak, sharply turning to the rest, and getting very warm.

"These middleaged men have been pulling her over the coals for pride and vanity," said Mark Clark; "but I

say, let her have rope enough. Bless her pretty face shouldn't I like to do so upon her cherry lips!" The

"Mark," said Gabriel, sternly, "now you mind this! none of that dalliancetalk that smackandcoddle

"I suppose you've been speaking against her?" said Oak, turning to Joseph Poorgrass with a very grim look.

"No, no not a word I 'tis a real joyful thing that she's no worse, that's what I say," said Joseph,

"I? Why ye know I wouldn't harm a worm no, not one underground worm?" said Matthew Moon, looking

"Well, somebody has and look here, neighbours," Gabriel, though one of the quietest and most gentle men

on earth, rose to the occasion, with martial promptness and vigour. "That's my fist." Here he placed his fist,

rather smaller in size than a common loaf, in the mathematical centre of the maltster's little table, and with it

gave a bump or two thereon, as if to ensure that their eyes all thoroughly took in the idea of fistiness before

he went further. "Now the first man in the parish that I hear prophesying bad of our mistress, why" (here

the fist was raised and let fall as Thor might have done with his hammer in assaying it) "he'll smell and

All earnestly expressed by their features that their minds did not wander to Holland for a moment on account

of this statement, but were deploring the difference which gave rise to the figure; and Mark Clark cried

"Hear, hear; just what I should ha' said." The dog George looked up at the same time after the shepherd's

"Now, don't ye take on so, shepherd, and sit down!" said Henery, with a deprecating peacefulness equal to

"We hear that ye be a extraordinary good and clever man, shepherd," said Joseph Poorgrass with considerable

anxiety from behind the maltster's bedstead whither he had retired for safety. "'Tis a great thing to be clever,

I'm sure," he added, making movements associated with states of mind rather than body; "we wish we were,

"Ay, that we do, sure," said Matthew Moon, with a small anxious laugh towards Oak, to show how very

"'Tis blowed about from pillar to post quite common," said Matthew. "We hear that ye can tell the time as

"Yes, I can do a little that way," said Gabriel, as a man of medium sentiments on the subject.

And that ye can make sundials and prent folks' names upon their waggons almost like copperplate, with

beautiful flourishes, and great long tails. A excellent fine thing for ye to be such a clever man, shepherd.

Joseph Poorgrass used to prent to Farmer James Everdene's waggons before you came, and 'a could never

mind which way to turn the J's and E's could ye, Joseph?" Joseph shook his head to express how absolute

was the fact that he couldn't. "And so you used to do 'em the wrong way, like this, didn't ye, Joseph?"

"And how Farmer James would cuss, and call thee a fool, wouldn't he, Joseph, when 'a seed his name looking

"Ay 'a would," said Joseph, meekly. "But, you see, I wasn't so much to blame, for them J's and E's be such

trying sons o' witches for the memory to mind whether they face backward or forward; and I always had such

"'Tis a very bad afiction for ye, being such a man of calamities in other ways."

"Well, 'tis; but a happy Providence ordered that it should be no worse, and I feel my thanks. As to shepherd,

there, I'm sure mis'ess ought to have made ye her baily such a fitting man for't as you be."

"I don't mind owning that I expected it," said Oak, frankly. "Indeed, I hoped for the place. At the same time,

Miss Everdene has a right to be her own baily if she choose and to keep me down to be a common

shepherd only." Oak drew a slow breath, looked sadly into the bright ashpit, and seemed lost in thoughts not

The genial warmth of the fire now began to stimulate the nearly lifeless lambs to bleat and move their limbs

briskly upon the hay, and to recognize for the first time the fact that they were born. Their noise increased to

a chorus of baas, upon which Oak pulled the milkcan from before the fire, and taking a small teapot from

the pocket of his smockfrock, filled it with milk, and taught those of the helpless creatures which were not

to be restored to their dams how to drink from the spout a trick they acquired with astonishing aptitude.

"And she don't even let ye have the skins of the dead lambs, I hear?" resumed Joseph Poorgrass, his eyes

"Ye be very badly used, shepherd," hazarded Joseph again, in the hope of getting Oak as an ally in

"Oh no not at all," replied Gabriel, hastily, and a sigh escaped him, which the deprivation of lamb skins

Before any further remark had been added a shade darkened the door, and Boldwood entered the malthouse,

"Ah! Oak, I thought you were here," he said. "I met the mailcart ten minutes ago, and a letter was put into

my hand, which I opened without reading the address. I believe it is yours. You must excuse the accident

"Oh yes not a bit of difference, Mr. Boldwood not a bit," said Gabriel, readily. He had not a

correspondent on earth, nor was there a possible letter coming to him whose contents the whole parish would

"DEAR FRIEND, I do not know your name, but l think these few lines will reach you, which I wrote to

thank you for your kindness to me the night I left Weatherbury in a reckless way. I also return the money I

owe you, which you will excuse my not keeping as a gift. All has ended well, and I am happy to say I am

going to be married to the young man who has courted me for some time Sergeant Troy, of the 11th

Dragoon Guards, now quartered in this town. He would, I know, object to my having received anything

except as a loan, being a man of great respectability and high honour indeed, a nobleman by blood.

"I should be much obliged to you if you would keep the contents of this letter a secret for the present, dear

friend. We mean to surprise Weatherbury by coming there soon as husband and wife, though l blush to state it

to one nearly a stranger. The sergeant grew up in Weatherbury. Thanking you again for your kindness,

"Have you read it, Mr. Boldwood?" said Gabriel; "if not, you had better do so. I know you are interested in

"Fanny poor Fanny! the end she is so confident of has not yet come, she should remember and may

"H'm I'm afraid not one to build much hope upon in such a case as this," the farmer murmured, "though

he's a clever fellow, and up to everything. A slight romance attaches to him, too. His mother was a French

governess, and it seems that a secret attachment existed between her and the late Lord Severn. She was

married to a poor medical man, and soon after an infant was horn; and while money was forthcoming all went

on well. Unfortunately for her boy, his best friends died; and he got then a situation as second clerk at a

lawyer's in Casterbridge. He stayed there for some time, and might have worked himself into a dignified

position of some sort had he not indulged in the wild freak of enlisting. I have much doubt if ever little Fanny

will surprise us in the way she mentions very much doubt. A silly girl! silly girl!"

The door was hurriedly burst open again, and in came running Cainy Ball out of breath, his mouth red and

open, like the bell of a penny trumpet, from which he coughed with noisy vigour and great distension of face.

"Now, Cain Ball," said Oak, sternly, "why will you run so fast and lose your breath so? I'm always telling you

"Oh I a puff of mee breath went the wrong way, please, Mister Oak, and made me cough

"I've run to tell ye," said the junior shepherd, supporting his exhausted youthful frame against the doorpost,

"that you must come directly. Two more ewes have twinned that's what's the matter, Shepherd Oak."

"Oh, that's it," said Oak, jumping up, and dimissing for the present his thoughts on poor Fanny. "You are a

good boy to run and tell me, Cain, and you shall smell a large plum pudding some day as a treat. But, before

we go, Cainy, bring the tarpot, and we'll mark this lot and have done with 'em."

Oak took from his illimitable pockets a marking iron, dipped it into the pot, and imprintcd on the buttocks of

the infant sheep the initials of her he delighted to muse on "B. E.," which signified to all the region round

that henceforth the lambs belonged to Farmer Bathsheba Everdene, and to no one else.

"Now, Cainy, shoulder your two, and off. Good morning, Mr. Boldwood." The shepherd lifted the sixteen

large legs and four small bodies he had himself brought, and vanished with them in the direction of the

lambing field hard by their frames being now in a sleek and hopeful state, pleasantly contrasting with their

Boldwood followed him a little way up the field, hesitated, and turned back. He followed him again with a

last resolve, annihilating return. On approaching the nook in which the fold was constructed, the farmer drew

out his pocketbook, unfastenedit, and allowed it to lie open on his hand. A letter was revealed

"I was going to ask you, Oak," he said, with unreal carelessness, "if you know whose writing this is?"

Oak glanced into the book, and replied instantly, with a flushed face, "Miss Everdene's."

Oak had coloured simply at the consciousness of sounding her name. He now felt a strangely distressing

qualm from a new thought. "The letter could of course be no other than anonymous, or the inquiry would not

Boldwood mistook his confusion: sensitive persons are always ready with their "Is it I?" in preference to

"The question was perfectly fair," he returned and there was something incongruous in the serious

earnestness with which he applied himself to an argument on a valentine. "You know it is always expected

that privy inquiries will be made: that's where the fun lies." If the word "fun" had been "torture." it could

not have been uttered with a more constrained and restless countenance than was Boldwood's then."

Soon parting from Gabriel, the lonely and reserved man returned to his house to breakfast feeling twinges

of shame and regret at having so far exposed his mood by those fevered questions to a stranger. He again

placed the letter on the mantelpiece, and sat down to think of the circumstances attending it by the light of

ON a weekday morning a small congregation, consisting mainly of women and girls, rose from its knees in

the mouldy nave of a church called All Saints', in the distant barrack town before mentioned, at the end of a

service without a sermon. They were about to disperse, when a smart footstep, entering the porch and coming

up the central passage, arrested their attention. The step echoed with a ring unusual in a church; it was the

clink of spurs. Everybody looked. A young cavalry soldier in a red uniform, with the three chevrons of a

sergeant upon his sleeve, strode up the aisle, with an embarrassment which was only the more marked by the

intense vigour of his step, and by the determination upon his face to show none. A slight flush had mounted

his cheek by the time he had run the gauntlet between these women; but, passing on through the chancel arch,

he never paused till he came close to the altar railing. Here for a moment he stood alone.

The officiating curate, who had not yet doffed his surplice, perceived the newcomer, and followed him to

the communion space. He whispered to the soldier, and then beckoned to the clerk, who in his turn

whispered to an elderly woman, apparently his wife, and they also went up the chancel steps.

There was a creaking of machinery behind, and some of the young ones turned their heads. From the interior

face of the west wall of the tower projected a little canopy with a quarterjack and small bell beneath it, the

automaton being driven by the same clock machinery that struck the large bell in the tower. Between the

tower and the church was a close screen, the door of which was kept shut during services, hiding this

grotesque clockwork from sight. At present, however, the door was open, and the egress of the jack, the

blows on the bell, and the mannikin's retreat into the nook again, were visible to many, and audible through

The young sergeant stood still with the abnormal rigidity of the old pillars around. He faced the southeast,

The silence grew to be a noticeable thing as the minutes went on, and nobody else appeared, and not a soul

moved. The rattle of the quarterjack again from its niche, its blows for threequarters, its fussy retreat, were

There began now that slight shifting of feet, that artificial coughing among several, which betrays a nervous

suspense. At length there was a titter. But the soldier never moved. There he stood, his face to the southeast,

The clock ticked on. The women threw off their nervousness, and titters and giggling became more frequent.

Then came a dead silence. Every one was waiting for the end. Some persons may have noticed how

extraordinarily the striking of quarters. seems to quicken the flight of time. It was hardly credible that the jack

had not got wrong with the minutes when the rattle began again, the puppet emerged, and the four quarters

were struck fitfully as before: One could almost be positive that there was a malicious leer upon the hideous

creature's face, and a mischievous delight in its twitchings. Then, followed the dull and remote resonance of

the twelve heavy strokes in the tower above. The women were impressed, and there was no giggle this time.

The clergyman glided into the vestry, and the clerk vanished. The sergeant had not yet turned; every woman

in the church was waiting to see his face, and he appeared to know it. At last he did turn, and stalked

resolutely down the nave, braving them all, with a compressed lip. Two bowed and toothless old almsmen

then looked at each other and chuckled, innocently enough; but the sound had a strange weird effect in that

Opposite to the church was a paved square, around which several overhanging wood buildings of old time

cast a picturesque shade. The young man on leaving the door went to cross the square, when, in the middle,

he met a little woman. The expression of her face, which had been one of intense anxiety, sank at the sight of

"Oh, Frank I made a mistake! I thought that church with the spire was All Saints', and I was at the door

at halfpast eleven to a minute as you said. I waited till a quarter to twelve, and found then that I was in All

Souls'. But I wasn't much frightened, for I thought it could be to morrow as well."

"Tomorrow!" and he gave vent to a hoarse laugh. "I don't go through that experience again for some time, I

"But after all," she expostulated in a trembling voice, "the mistake was not such a terrible thing! Now, dear

"Ah, when? God knows!" he said, with a light irony, and turning from her walked rapidly away.

ON Saturday Boldwood was in Casterbridge market house as usual, when the disturber of his dreams entered

and became visible to him. Adam had awakened from his deep sleep, and behold! there was Eve. The farmer

Material causes and emotional effects are not to be arranged in regular equation. The result from capital

employed in the production of any movement of a mental nature is sometimes as tremendous as the cause

itself is absurdly minute. When women are in a freakish mood, their usual intuition, either from carelessness

or inherent defect, seemingly fails to teach them this, and hence it was that Bathsheba was fated to be

Boldwood looked at her not slily, critically, or understandingly, but blankly at gaze, in the way a reaper

looks up at a passing train as something foreign to his element, and but dimly understood. To Boldwood

women had been remote phenomena rather than necessary complements comets of such uncertain aspect,

movement, and permanence, that whether their orbits were as geometrical, unchangeable, and as subject to

laws as his own, or as absolutely erratic as they superficially appeared, he had not deemed it his duty to

He saw her black hair, her correct facial curves and profile, and the roundness of her chin and throat. He saw

then the side of her eyelids, eyes, and lashes, and the shape of her ear. Next he noticed her figure, her skirt,

Boldwood thought her beautiful, but wondered whether he was right in his thought, for it seemed impossible

that this romance in the flesh, if so sweet as he imagined, could have been going on long without creating a

commotion of delight among men, and provoking more inquiry than Bathsheba had done, even though that

was not a little. To the best of his judgement neither nature nor art could improve this perfect one of an

imperfect many. His heart began to move within him. Boldwood, it must be remembered, though forty years

of age, had never before inspected a woman with the very centre and force of his glance; they had struck

Was she really beautiful? He could not assure himself that his opinion was true even now. He furtively said to

"Oh yes; she was a good deal noticed the first time she came, if you remember. A very handsome girl

A man is never more credulous than in receiving favourable opinions on the beauty of a woman he is half, or

quite, in love with; a mere child's word on the point has the weight of an R.A.'s. Boldwood was satisfied now.

And this charming woman had in effect said to him, "Marry me." Why should she have done that strange

thing? Boldwood's blindness to the difference between approving of what circumstances suggest, and

originating what they do not suggest, was well matched by Bathsheba's insensibility to the possibly great

She was at this moment coolly dealing with a dashing young farmer, adding up accounts with him as

indifferently as if his face had been the pages of a ledger. It was evident that such a nature as his had no

attraction for a woman of Bathsheba's taste. But Boldwood grew hot down to his hands with an incipient

jealousy; he trod for the first time the threshold of "the injured lover's hell." His first impulse was to go and

thrust himself between them. This could be done, but only in one way by asking to see a sample of her

corn. Boldwood renounced the idea. He could not make the request; it was debasing loveliness to ask it to

All this time Bathsheba was conscious of having broken into that dignified stronghold at last. His eyes, she

knew, were following her everywhere. This was a triumph; and had it come naturally, such a triumph would

have been the sweeter to her for this piquing delay. But it had been brought about by misdirected ingenuity,

Being a woman with some good sense in reasoning on subjects wherein her heart was not involved,

Bathsheba genuinely repented that a freak which had owed its existence as much to Liddy as to herself,

should ever have been undertaken, to disturb the placidity of a man she respected too highly to deliberately

She that day nearly formed the intention of begging his pardon on the very next occasion of their meeting.

The worst features of this arrangement were that, if he thought she ridiculed him, an apology would increase

the offence by being disbelieved; and if he thought she wanted him to woo her, it would read like additional

BOLDWOOD was tenant of what was called Little Weatherbury Farm, and his person was the nearest

approach to aristocracy that this remoter quarter of the parish could boast of. Genteel strangers, whose god

was their town, who might happen to be compelled to linger about this nook for a day, heard the sound of

light wheels, and prayed to see good society, to the degree of a solitary lord, or squire at the very least, but it

was only Mr. Boldwood going out for the day. They heard the sound of wheels yet once more, and were

His house stood recessed from the road, and the stables, which are to a farm what a fireplace is to a room,

were behind, their lower portions being lost amid bushes of laurel. Inside the blue door, open halfway down,

were to be seen at this time the backs and tails of halfadozen warm and contented horses standing in their

stalls; and as thus viewed, they presented alternations of roan and bay, in shapes like a Moorish arch, the tail

being a streak down the midst of each. Over these, and lost to the eye gazing in from the outer light, the

mouths of the same animals could be heard busily sustaining the abovenamed warmth and plumpness by

quantities of oats and hay. The restless and shadowy figure of a colt wandered about a loosebox at the end,

whilst the steady grind of all the eaters was occasionally diversified by the rattle of a rope or the stamp of a

Pacing up and down at the heels of the animals was Farmer Boldwood himself. This place was his almonry

and cloister in one: here, after looking to the feeding of his four footed dependants, the celibate would walk

and meditate of an evening till the moon's rays streamed in through the cobwebbed windows, or total

His squareframed perpendicularity showed more fully now than in the crowd and bustle of the

markethouse. In this meditative walk his foot met the floor with heel and toe simultaneously, and his fine

reddishfleshed face was bent downwards just enough to render obscure the still mouth and the

wellrounded though rather prominent and broad chin. A few clear and threadlike horizontal lines were the

The phases of Boldwood's life were ordinary enough, but his was not an ordinary nature. That stillness, which

struck casual observers more than anything else in his character and habit, and seemed so precisely like the

rest of inanition, may have been the perfect balance of enormous antagonistic forces positives and

negatives in fine adjustment. His equilibrium disturbed, he was in extremity at once. If an emotion possessed

him at all, it ruled him; a feeling not mastering him was entirely latent. Stagnant or rapid, it was never slow.

He had no light and careless touches in his constitution, either for good or for evil. Stern in the outlines of

action, mild in the details, he was serious throughout all. He saw no absurd sides to the follies of life, and

thus, though not quite companionable in the eyes of merry men and scoffers, and those to whom all things

show life as a jest, he was not intolerable to the earnest and those acquainted with grief. Being a manwho

read all the dramas of life seriously, if he failed to please when they were comedies, there was no frivolous

Bathsheba was far from dreaming that the dark and silent shape upon which she had so carelessly thrown a

seed was a hotbed of tropic intensity. Had she known Boldwood's moods, her blame would have been fearful,

and the stain upon her heart ineradicable. Moreover, had she known her present power for good or evil over

this man, she would have trembled at her responsibility. Luckily for her present, unluckily for her future

tranquillity, her understanding had not yet told her what Boldwood was. Nobody knew entirely; for though it

was possible to form guesses concerning his wild capabilities from old floodmarks faintly visible, he had

Farmer Boldwood came to the stabledoor and looked forth across the level fields. Beyond the first enclosure

was a hedge, and on the other side of this a meadow belonging to Bathsheba's farm.

It was now early spring the time of going to grass with the sheep, when they have the first feed of the

meadows, before these are laid up for mowing. The wind, which had been blowing east for several weeks,

had veered to the southward, and the middle of spring had come abruptly almost without a beginning. It

was that period in the vernal quarter when we map suppose the Dryads to be waking for the season. The

vegetable world begins to move and swell and the saps to rise, till in the completest silence of lone gardens

and trackless plantations, where everything seems helpless and still after the bond and slavery of frost, there

are bustlings, strainings, united thrusts, and pullsalltogether, in comparison with which the powerful tugs

Boldwood, looking into the distant meadows, saw there three figures. They were those of Miss Everdene,

When Bathsheba's figure shone upon the farmer's eyes it lighted him up as the moon lights up a great tower.

A man's body is as the shell, or the tablet, of his soul, as he is reserved or ingenuous, overflowing or

selfcontained. There was a change in Boldwood's exterior from its former impassibleness; and his face

showed that he was now living outside his defences for the first time, and with a fearful sense of exposure. It

At last he arrived at a conclusion. It was to go across and inquire boldly of her.

The insulation of his heart by reserve during these many years, without a channel of any kind for disposable

emotion, had worked its effect. It has been observed more than once that the causes of love are chiefly

subjective, and Boldwood was a living testimony to the truth of the proposition. No mother existed to absorb

his devotion, no sister for his tenderness, no idle ties for sense. He became surcharged with the compound,

He approached the gate of the meadow. Beyond it the ground was melodious with ripples, and the sky with

larks; the low bleating of the flock mingling with both. Mistress and man were engaged in the operation of

making a lamb "take," which is performed whenever an ewe has lost her own offspring, one of the twins of

another ewe being given her as a substitute. Gabriel had skinned the dead lamb, and was tying the skin over

the body of the live lamb, in the customary manner, whilst Bathsheba was holding open a little pen of four

hurdles, into which the Mother and foisted lamb were driven, where they would remain till the old sheep

Bathsheba looked up at the completion of the manouvre, and saw the farmer by the gate, where he was

overhung by a willow tree in full bloom. Gabriel, to whom her face was as the uncertain glory of an April

day, was ever regardful of its faintest changes, and instantly discerned thereon the mark of some influence

from without, in the form of a keenly selfconscious reddening. He also turned and beheld Boldwood.

At once connecting these signs with the letter Boldwood had shown him, Gabriel suspected her of some

coquettish procedure begun by that means, and carried on since, he knew not how.

Farmer Boldwood had read the pantomime denoting that they were aware of his presence, and the perception

was as too much light turned upon his new sensibility. He was still in the road, and by moving on he hoped

that neither would recognize that he had originally intended to enter the field. He passed by with an utter and

overwhelming sensation of ignorance, shyness, and doubt. Perhaps in her manner there were signs that she

wished to see him perhaps not he could not read a woman. The cabala of this erotic philosophy seemed

to consist of the subtlest meanings expressed in misleading ways. Every turn, look, word, and accent

contained a mystery quite distinct from its obvious import, and not one had ever been pondered by him until

As for Bathsheba, she was not deceived into the belief that Farmer Boldwood had walked by on business or

in idleness. She collected the probabilities of the case, and concluded that she was herself responsible for

Boldwood's appearance there. It troubled her much to see what a great flame a little wildfire was likely to

kindle. Bathsheba was no schemer for marriage, nor was she deliberately a trifler with the affections of men,

and a censor's experience on seeing an actual flirt after observing her would have been a feeling of surprise

that Bathsheba could be so different from such a one, and yet so like what a flirt is supposed to be.

She resolved never again, by look or by sign, to interrupt the steady flow of this man's life. But a resolution to

avoid an evil is seldom framed till the evil is so far advanced as to make avoidance impossible.

BOLDWOOD did eventually call upon her. She was not at home. "Of course not," he murmured. In

contemplating Bathsheba as a woman, he had forgotten the accidents of her position as an agriculturist

that being as much of a farmer, and as extensive a farmer, as himself, her probable whereabouts was

outofdoors at this time of the year. This, and the other oversights Boldwood was guilty of, were natural to

the mood, and still more natural to the circumstances. The great aids to idealization in love were present here:

occasional observation of her from a distance, and the absence of social intercourse with her visual

familiarity, oral strangeness. The smaller human elements were kept out of sight; the pettinesses that enter so

largely into all earthly living and doing were disguised by the accident of lover and lovedone not being on

visiting terms; and there was hardly awakened a thought in Boldwood that sorry household realities

appertained to her, or that she, like all others, had moments of commonplace, when to be least plainly seen

was to be most prettily remembered. Thus a mild sort of apotheosis took place in his fancy, whilst she still

It was the end of May when the farmer determined to be no longer repulsed by trivialities or distracted by

suspense. He had by this time grown used to being in love; the passion now startled him less even when it

tortured him more, and he felt himself adequate to the situation. On inquiring for her at her house they had

The sheepwashing pool was a perfectly circular basin of brickwork in the meadows, full of the clearest

water. To birds on the wing its glassy surface, reflecting the light sky, must have been visible for miles

around as a glistening Cyclops' eye in a green face. The grass about the margin at this season was a sight to

remember long in a minor sort of way. Its activity in sucking the moisture from the rich damp sod was

almost a process observable by the eye. The outskirts of this level watermeadow were diversified by

rounded and hollow pastures, where just now every flower that was not a buttercup was a daisy. The river slid

along noiselessly as a shade, the swelling reeds and sedge forming a flexible palisade upon its moist brink. To

the north of the mead were trees, the leaves of which were new, soft, and moist, not yet having stiffened and

darkened under summer sun and drought, their colour being yellow beside a green green beside a yellow.

From the recesses of this knot of foliage the loud notes of three cuckoos were resounding through the still air.

Boldwood went meditating down the slopes with his eyes on his boots, which the yellow pollen from the

buttercups had bronzed in artistic gradations. A tributary of the main stream flowed through the basin of the

pool by an inlet and outlet at opposite points of its diameter. Shepherd Oak, Jan Coggan, Moon, Poorgrass,

Cain Ball, and several others were assembled here, all dripping wet to the very roots of their hair, and

Bathsheba was standing by in a new riding habit the most elegant she had ever worn the reins of her

horse being looped over her arm. Flagons of cider were rolling about upon the green. The meek sheep were

pushed into the pool by Coggan and Matthew Moon, who stood by the lower hatch, immersed to their waists;

then Gabriel, who stood on the brink, thrust them under as they swam along, with an instrument like a crutch,

formed for the purpose, and also for assisting the exhausted animals when the wool became saturated and

they began to sink. They were let out against the stream, and through the upper opening, all impurities

flowing away below. Cainy Ball and Joseph, who performed this latter operation, were if possible wetter than

the rest; they resembled dolphins under a fountain, every protuberance and angle of their clothes dribbling

Boldwood came close and bade her good morning, with such constraint that she could not but think he had

stepped across to the washing for its own sake, hoping not to find her there; more, she fancied his brow

severe and his eye slighting. Bathsheba immediately contrived to withdraw, and glided along by the river till

she was a stone's throw off. She heard footsteps brushing the grass, and had a consciousness that love was

encircling her like a perfume. Instead of turning or waiting, Bathsheba went further among the high sedges,

but Boldwood seemed determined, and pressed on till they were completely past the bend of the river. Here,

without being seen, they could hear the splashing and shouts of the washers above.

She trembled, turned, and said "Good morning." His tone was so utterly removed from all she had expected

as a beginning. It was lowness and quiet accentuated: an emphasis of deep meanings, their form, at the same

time, being scarcely expressed. Silence has sometimes a remarkable power of showing itself as the

disembodied soul of feeling wandering without its carcase, and it is then more impressive than speech. In the

same way, to say a little is often to tell more than to say a great deal. Boldwood told everything in that word.

As the consciousness expands on learning that what was fancied to be the rumble of wheels is the

"I feel almost too much to think," he said, with a solemn simplicity. "I have come to speak to you

without preface. My life is not my own since I have beheld you clearly, Miss Everdene I come to make

Bathsheba tried to preserve an absolutely neutral countenance, and all the motion she made was that of

"I am now fortyone years old," he went on. "I may have been called a confirmed bachelor, and I was a

confirmed bachelor. I had never any views of myself as a husband in my earlier days, nor have I made any

calculation on the subject since I have been older. But we all change, and my change, in this matter, came

with seeing you. I have felt lately, more and more, that my present way of living is bad in every respect.

"I feel, Mr. Boldwood, that though I respect you much, I do not feel what would justify me to in

This giving back of dignity for dignity seemed to open the sluices of feeling that Boldwood had as yet kept

"My life is a burden without you," he exclaimed, in a low voice. "I want you I want you to let me say I

Bathsheba answered nothing, and the horse upon her arm seemed so impressed that instead of cropping the

Bathsheba's momentary impulse at hearing this was to ask why he thought that, till she remembered that, far

from being a conceited assumption on Boldwood's part, it was but the natural conclusion of serious reflection

"I wish I could say courteous flatteries to you," the farmer continued in an easier tone, "and put my rugged

feeling into a graceful shape: but I have neither power nor patience to learn such things. I want you for my

wife so wildly that no other feeling can abide in me; but I should not have spoken out had I not been led to

"The valentine again! O that valentine!" she said to herself, but not a word to him.

"Mr. Boldwood, it is painful to have to say I am surprised, so that I don't know how to answer you with

propriety and respect but am only just able to speak out my feeling I mean my meaning; that I am

afraid I can't marry you, much as I respect you. You are too dignified for me to suit you, sir."

"I I didn't I know I ought never to have dreamt of sending that valentine forgive me, sir it was a

wanton thing which no woman with any selfrespect should have done. If you will only pardon my

"No, no, no. Don't say thoughtlessness! Make me think it was something more that it was a sort of

prophetic instinct the beginning of a feeling that you would like me. You torture me to say it was done in

thoughtlessness I never thought of it in that light, and I can't endure it. Ah! I wish I knew how to win you!

but that I can't do I can only ask if I have already got you. If I have not, and it is not true that you have

"I have not fallen in love with you, Mr. Boldwood certainly I must say that." She allowed a very small

smile to creep for the first time over her serious face in saying this, and the white row of upper teeth, and

keenlycut lips already noticed, suggested an idea of heartlessness, which was immediately contradicted by

"But you will just think in kindness and condescension think if you cannot bear with me as a husband!

I fear I am too old for you, but believe me I will take more care of you than would many a man of your own

age. I will protect and cherish you with all my strength I will indeed! You shall have no cares be

worried by no household affairs, and live quite at ease, Miss Everdene. The dairy superintendence shall be

done by a man I can afford it will you shall never have so much as to look out of doors at haymaking

time, or to think of weather in the harvest. I rather cling; to the chaise, because it is he same my poor father

and mother drove, but if you don't like it I will sell it, and you shall have a ponycarriage of your own. I

cannot say how far above every other idea and object on earth you seem to me nobody knows God

Bathsheba's heart was young, and it swelled with sympathy for the deepnatured man who spoke so simply.

"Don't say it! don't! I cannot bear you to feel so much, and me to feel nothing. And I am afraid they will

notice us, Mr. Boldwood. Will you let the matter rest now? I cannot think collectedly. I did not know you

were going to say this to me. Oh, I am wicked to have made you suffer so!" She was frightened as well as

"Yes I will give you any time," he said earnestly and gratefully. "I am happier now."

"No I beg you! Don't be happier if happiness only comes from my agreeing. Be neutral, Mr. Boldwood! I

And then she turned away. Boldwood dropped his gaze to the ground, and stood long like a man who did not

know where he was. Realities then returned upon him like the pain of a wound received in an excitement

"HE is so disinterested and kind to offer me all that I can desire," Bathsheba mused.

Yet Farmer Boldwood, whether by nature kind or the reverse to kind, did not exercise kindness, here. The

rarest offerings of the purest loves are but a selfindulgence, and no generosity at all.

Bathsheba, not being the least in love with him, was eventually able to look calmly at his offer. It was one

which many women of her own station in the neighbourhood, and not a few of higher rank, would have been

wild to accept and proud to publish. In every point of view, ranging from politic to passionate, it was

desirable that she, a lonely girl, should marry, and marry this earnest, welltodo, and respected man. He was

close to her doors: his standing was sufficient: his qualities were even supererogatory. Had she felt, which she

did not, any wish whatever for the married state in the abstract, she could not reasonably have rejected him,

being a woman who frequently appealed to her understanding for deliverance from her whims. Boldwood as

a means to marriage was unexceptionable: she esteemed and liked him, yet she did not want him. It appears

that ordinary men take wives because possession is not possible without marriage, and that ordinary women

accept husbands because marriage is not possible without possession; with totally differing aims the method

is the same on both sides. But the understood incentive on the woman's part was wanting here. Besides,

Bathsheba's position as absolute mistress of a farm and house was a novel one, and the novelty had not yet

But a disquiet filled her which was somewhat to her credit, for it would have affected few. Beyond the

mentioned reasons with which she combated her objections, she had a strong feeling that, having been the

one who began the game, she ought in honesty to accept the consequences. Still the reluctance remained. She

said in the same breath that it would be ungenerous not to marry Boldwood, and that she couldn't do it to save

Bathsheba's was an impulsive nature under a deliberative aspect. An Elizabeth in brain and a Mary Stuart in

spirit, she often performed actions of the greatest temerity with a manner of extreme discretion. Many of her

thoughts were perfect syllogisms; unluckily they always remained thoughts. Only a few were irrational

assumptions; but, unfortunately, they were the ones which most frequently grew into deeds.

The next day to that of the declaration she found Gabriel Oak at the bottom of her garden, grinding his shears

for the sheepshearing. All the surrounding cottages were more or less scenes of the same operation; the

scurr of whetting spread into the sky from all parts of the village as from an armoury previous to a campaign.

Peace and war kiss each other at their hours of preparation sickles, scythes, shears, and pruninghooks,

ranking with swords, bayonets, and lances, in their common necessity for point and edge.

Cainy Ball turned the handle of Gabriel's grindstone, his head performing a melancholy seesaw up and

down with each turn of the wheel. Oak stood somewhat as Eros is represented when in the act of sharpening

his arrows: his figure slightly bent, the weight of his body thrown over on the shears, and his head balanced

sideways, with a critical compression of the lips and contraction of the eyelids to crown the attitude.

His mistress came up and looked upon them in silence for a minute or two; then she said

"Cain, go to the lower mead and catch the bay mare. I'll turn the winch of the grindstone. I want to speak to

Cain departed, and Bathsheba took the handle. Gabriel had glanced up in intense surprise, quelled its

expression, and looked down again. Bathsheba turned the winch, and Gabriel applied the shears.

The peculiar motion involved in turning a wheel has a wonderful tendency to benumb the mind. It is a sort of

attenuated variety of Ixion's punishment, and contributes a dismal chapter to the history of goals. The brain

gets muddled, the head grows heavy, and the body's centre of gravity seems to settle by degrees in a leaden

lump somewhere between the eyebrows and the crown. Bathsheba felt the unpleasant symptoms after two or

"Will you turn, Gabriel, and let me hold the shears?" she said. "My head is in a whirl, and I can't talk.

Gabriel turned. Bathsheba then began, with some awkwardness, allowing her thoughts to stray occasionally

from her story to attend to the shears, which required a little nicety in sharpening.

"I wanted to ask you if the men made any observations on my going behind the sedge with Mr. Boldwood

"Yes, they did," said Gabriel. "You don't hold the shears right, miss I knew you wouldn't know the way

He relinquished the winch, and inclosing her two hands completely in his own (taking each as we sometimes

slap a child's hand in teaching him to write), grasped the shears with her. "Incline the edge so," he said.

Hands and shears were inclined to suit the words, and held thus for a peculiarly long time by the instructor as

"That will do," exclaimed Bathsheba. "Loose my hands. I won't have them held! Turn the winch."

Gabriel freed her hands quietly, retired to his handle, and the grinding went on.

"That Farmer Boldwood's name and your own were likely to be flung over pulpit together before the year

"I thought so by the look of them! Why, there's nothing in it. A more foolish remark was never made, and I

Gabriel looked incredulous and sad, but between his moments of incredulity, relieved.

"Well, then, Bathsheba!" said Oak, stopping the handle, and gazing into her face with astonishment.

"I mean this, that if Mr. Boldwood really spoke of marriage, I bain't going to tell a story and say he didn't to

Bathsheba regarded him with roundeyed perplexity. She did not know whether to pity him for disappointed

love of her, or to be angry with him for having got over it his tone being ambiguous.

"I said I wanted you just to mention that it was not true I was going to be married to him," she murmured,

"I can say that to them if you wish, Miss Everdene. And I could likewise give an opinion to 'ee on what you

I suppose not," said Gabriel bitterly, and going on with his turning, his words rising and falling in a regular

swell and cadence as he stooped or rose with the winch, which directed them, according to his position,

perpendicularly into the earth, or horizontally along the garden, his eyes being fixed on a leaf upon the

With Bathsheba a hastened act was a rash act; but, as does not always happen, time gained was prudence

insured. It must be added, however, that time was very seldom gained. At this period the single opinion in the

parish on herself and her doings that she valued as sounder than her own was Gabriel Oak's. And the

outspoken honesty of his character was such that on any subject even that of her love for, or marriage with,

another man, the same disinterestedness of opinion might be calculated on, and be had for the asking.

Thoroughly convinced of the impossibility of his own suit, a high resolve constrained him not to injure that

of another. This is a lover's most stoical virtue, as the lack of it is a lover's most venial sin. Knowing he

would reply truly she asked the question, painful as she must have known the subject would be. Such is the

selfishness of some charming women. Perhaps it was some excuse for her thus torturing honesty to her own

In an instant Bathsheba's face coloured with the angry crimson of a danby sunset. But she forbore to utter this

feeling, and the reticence of her tongue only made the loquacity of her face the more noticeable.

"Perhaps you don't like the rudeness of my reprimanding you, for I know it is rudeness; but I thought it would

"On the contrary, my opinion of you is so low, that I see in your abuse the praise of discerning people!"

"I am glad you don't mind it, for I said it honestly and with every serious meaning."

"I see. But, unfortunately, when you try not to speak in jest you are amusing just as when you wish to

It was a hard hit, but Bathsheba had unmistakably lost her temper, and on that account Gabriel had never in

"I may ask, I suppose, where in particular my unworthiness lies? In my not marrying you, perhaps!

"Not by any means," said Gabriel quietly. "I have long given up thinking of that matter."

"Or wishing it, I suppose," she said; and it was apparent that she expected an unhesitating denial of this

A woman may be treated with a bitterness which is sweet to her, and with a rudeness which is not offensive.

Bathsheba would have submitted to an indignant chastisement for her levity had Gabriel protested that he was

loving her at the same time; the impetuosity of passion unrequited is bearable, even if it stings and

anathematizes there is a triumph in the humiliation, and a tenderness in the strife. This was what she had been

expecting, and what she had not got. To be lectured because the lecturer saw her in the cold morning light of

openshuttered disillusion was exasperating. He had not finished, either. He continued in a more agitated

"My opinion is (since you ask it) that you are greatly to blame for playing pranks upon a man like Mr.

Boldwood, merely as a pastime. Leading on a man you don't care for is not a praiseworthy action. And even,

Miss Everdene, if you seriously inclined towards him, you might have let him find it out in some way of true

"I cannot allow any man to to criticise my private Conduct!" she exclaimed. "Nor will I for a minute. So

It may have been a peculiarity at any rate it was a fact that when Bathsheba was swayed by an emotion

of an earthly sort her lower lip trembled: when by a refined emotion, her upper or heavenward one. Her

"Very well, so I will," said Gabriel calmly. He had been held to her by a beautiful thread which it pained him

to spoil by breaking, rather than by a chain he could not break. "I should be even better pleased to go at

"Go at once then, in Heaven's name!" said she, her eyes flashing at his, though never meeting them. "Don't let

And he took his shears and went away from her in placid dignity, as Moses left the presence of Pharaoh.

GABRIEL OAK had ceased to feed the Weatherbury flock for about fourandtwenty hours, when on

Sunday afternoon the elderly gentlemen Joseph Poorgrass, Matthew Moon, Fray, and halfadozen others,

"Whatever IS the matter, men?" she said, meeting them at the door just as she was coming out on her way to

church, and ceasing in a moment from the close compression of her two red lips, with which she had

accompanied the exertion of pulling on a tight glove. "Sixty!" said Joseph Poorgrass.

"And will all die as dead as nits, if they bain't got out and cured!" said Tall.

Joseph's countenance was drawn into lines and puckers by his concern. Fray's forehead was wrinkled both

perpendicularly and crosswise, after the pattern of a portcullis, expressive of a double despair. Laban Tall's

lips were thin, and his face was rigid. Matthew's jaws sank, and his eyes turned whichever way the strongest

"Yes," said Joseph, "and I was sitting at home, looking for Ephesians, and says I to myself, ''Tis nothing but

Corinthians and Thessalonians in this danged Testament,' when who should come in but Henery there:

With Bathsheba it was a moment when thought was speech and speech exclamation. Moreover, she had

hardly recovered her equanimity since the disturbance which she had suffered from Oak's remarks.

"That's enough that's enough! oh, you fools!" she cried, throwing the parasol and Prayerbook into the

passage, and running out of doors in the direction signified. "To come to me, and not go and get them out

Her eyes were at their darkest and brightest now. Bathsheba's beauty belonged rather to the demonian than to

the angelic school, she never looked so well as when she was angry and particularly when the effect was

All the ancient men ran in a jumbled throng after her to the cloverfield, Joseph sinking down in the midst

when about halfway, like an individual withering in a world which was more and more insupportable.

Having once received the stimulus that her presence always gave them they went round among the sheep with

a will. The majority of the afflicted animals were lying down, and could not be stirred. These were bodily

lifted out, and the others driven into the adjoining field. Here, after the lapse of a few minutes, several more

Bathsheba, with a sad, bursting heart, looked at these primest specimens of her prime flock as they rolled

Many of them foamed at the mouth, their breathing being quick and short, whilst the bodies of all were

"Oh, what can I do, what can I do!" said Bathsheba, helplessly. "Sheep are such unfortunate animals!

there's always something happening to them! I never knew a flock pass a year without getting into some

"No, ma'am. We can't, nor you neither. It must be done in a particular spot. If ye go to the right or left but an

"Only one man in the neighbourhood knows the way," said Joseph, now just come up. "He could cure 'em all

"How dare you name that man in my presence!" she said excitedly. "I told you never to allude to him, nor

shall you if you stay with me. Ah!" she added, brightening, "Farmer Boldwood knows!"

"O no, ma'am" said Matthew. "Two of his store ewes got into some vetches t'other day, and were just like

these. He sent a man on horseback here posthaste for Gable, and Gable went and saved 'em, Farmer

Boldwood hev got the thing they do it with. 'Tis a holler pipe, with a sharp pricker inside. Isn't it, Joseph?"

"Ay, sure that's the machine," chimed in Henery Fray, reflectively, with an Oriental indifference to the

"Well," burst out Bathsheba, "don't stand there with your 'ayes' and your 'sures' talking at me! Get somebody

All then stalked off in consternation, to get somebody as directed, without any idea of who it was to be. In a

minute they had vanished through the gate, and she stood alone with the dying flock.

One of the ewes here contracted its muscles horribly, extended itself, and jumped high into the air. The leap

"Oh, what shall I do what shall I do!" she again exclaimed, wringing her hands. "I won't send for him. No,

The most vigorous expression of a resolution does not always coincide with the greatest vigour of the

resolution itself. It is often flung out as a sort of prop to support a decaying conviction which, whilst strong,

required no enunciation to prove it so. The "No, I won't" of Bathsheba meant virtually, "I think I must."

She followed her assistants through the gate, and lifted her hand to one of them. Laban answered to her

"Jump on the bay mare, and ride across, and say he must return instantly that I say so."

Tall scrambled off to the field, and in two minutes was on Poll, the bay, barebacked, and with only a halter

Bathsheba watched. So did all the rest. Tall cantered along the bridlepath through Sixteen Acres,

Sheeplands, Middle Field, The Flats, Cappel's Piece, shrank almost to a point, crossed the bridge, and

ascended from the valley through Springmead and Whitepits on the other side. The cottage to which Gabriel

had retired before taking his final departure from the locality was visible as a white spot on the opposite hill,

backed by blue firs. Bathsheba walked up and down. The men entered the field and endeavoured to ease the

Bathsheba continued walking. The horse was seen descending the hill, and the wearisome series had to be

repeated in reverse order: Whitepits, Springmead, Cappel's Piece, The Flats, Middle Field, Sheeplands,

Sixteen Acres. She hoped Tall had had presence of mind enough to give the mare up to Gabriel, and return

Tall came into the inclosure, and leapt off, his face tragic as Morton's after the battle of Shrewsbury.

"Well?" said Bathsheba, unwilling to believe that her verbal LETTREDECACHET could possibly have

"What!" said the young farmer, opening her eyes and drawing in her breath for an outburst. Joseph Poorgrass

"He says he shall not come unless you request en to come civilly and in a proper manner, as becomes any

"Oh, oh, that's his answer! Where does he get his airs? Who am I, then, to be treated like that? Shall I beg to a

Bathsheba turned aside, her eyes full of tears. The strait she was in through pride and shrewishness could not

be disguised longer: she burst out crying bitterly; they all saw it; and she attempted no further concealment.

"I wouldn't cry about it, miss," said William Smallbury, compassionately. "Why not ask him softer like? I'm

Bathsheba checked her grief and wiped her eyes. "Oh, it is a wicked cruelty to me it is it is!" she

murmured. "And he drives me to do what I wouldn't; yes, he does! Tall, come indoors."

After this collapse, not very dignified for the head of an establishment, she went into the house, Tall at her

heels. Here she sat down and hastily scribbled a note between the small convulsive sobs of convalescence

which follow a fit of crying as a groundswell follows a storm. The note was none the less polite for being

written in a hurry. She held it at a distance, was about to fold it, then added these words at the bottom:

She looked a little redder in refolding it, and closed her lips, as if thereby to suspend till too late the action of

conscience in examining whether such strategy were justifiable. The note was despatched as the message had

It was an anxious quarter of an hour that intervened between the messenger's departure and the sound of the

horse's tramp again outside. She could not watch this time, but, leaning over the old bureau at which she had

The case, however, was a promising one. Gabriel was not angry: he was simply neutral, although her first

command had been so haughty. Such imperiousness would have damned a little less beauty; and on the other

She went out when the horse was heard, and looked up. A mounted figure passed between her and the sky,

and drew on towards the field of sheep, the rider turning his face in receding. Gabriel looked at her. It was a

moment when a woman's eyes and tongue tell distinctly opposite tales. Bathsheba looked full of gratitude,

Such a tenderlyshaped reproach for his previous delay was the one speech in the language that he could

Gabriel murmured a confused reply, and hastened on. She knew from the look which sentence in her note had

Gabriel was already among the turgid, prostrate forms. He had flung off his coat, rolled up his shirtsleeves,

and taken from his pocket the instrument of salvation. It was a small tube or trochar, with a lance passing

down the inside; and Gabriel began to use it with a dexterity that would have graced a hospital surgeon.

Passing his hand over the sheep's left flank, and selecting the proper point, he punctured the skin and rumen

with the lance as it stood in the tube; then he suddenly withdrew the lance, retaining the tube in its place. A

current of air rushed up the tube, forcible enough to have extinguished a candle held at the orifice.

It has been said that mere ease after torment is delight for a time; and the countenances of these poor

creatures expressed it now. Fortynine operations were successfully performed. Owing to the great hurry

necessitated by the fargone state of some of the flock, Gabriel missed his aim in one case, and in one only

striking wide of the mark, and inflicting a mortal blow at once upon the suffering ewe. Four had died;

three recovered without an operation. The total number of sheep which had thus strayed and injured

When the loveled man had ceased from his labours, Bathsheba came and looked him in the face.

"Gabriel, will you stay on with me?" she said, smiling winningly, and not troubling to bring her lips quite

MEN thin away to insignificance and oblivion quite as often by not making the most of good spirits when

they have them as by lacking good spirits when they are indispensable. Gabriel lately, for the first time since

his prostration by misfortune, had been independent in thought and vigorous in action to a marked extent

conditions which, powerless without an opportunity as an opportunity without them is barren, would have

given him a sure lift upwards when the favourable conjunction should have occurred. But this incurable

loitering beside Bathsheba Everdene stole his time ruinously. The spring tides were going by without floating

It was the first day of June, and the sheepshearing season culminated, the landscape, even to the leanest

pasture, being all health and colour. Every green was young, every pore was open, and every stalk was

swollen with racing currents of juice. God was palpably present in the country, and the devil had gone with

the world to town. Flossy catkins of the later kinds, fernsprouts like bishops' croziers, the squareheaded

moschatel, the odd cuckoopint, like an apoplectic saint in a niche of malachite, snowwhite

ladies'smocks, the toothwort, approximating to human flesh, the enchanter's nightshade, and the black

petaled dolefulbells, were among the quainter objects of the vegetable world in and about Weatherbury at

this teeming time; and of the animal, the metamorphosed figures of Mr. Jan Coggan, the mastershearer; the

second and third shearers, who travelled in the exercise of their calling, and do not require definition by

name; Henery Fray the fourth shearer, Susan Tall's husband the fifth, Joseph Poorgrass the sixth, young Cain

Ball as assistantshearer, and Gabriel Oak as general supervisor. None of these were clothed to any extent

worth mentioning, each appearing to have hit in the matter of raiment the decent mean between a high and

low caste Hindoo. An angularity of lineament, and a fixity of facial machinery in general, proclaimed that

They sheared in the great barn, called for the nonce the Shearingbarn, which on groundplan resembled a

church with transepts. It not only emulated the form of the neighbouring church of the parish, but vied with it

in antiquity. Whether the barn had ever formed one of a group of conventual buildings nobody seemed to be

aware; no trace of such surroundings remained. The vast porches at the sides, lofty enough to admit a waggon

laden to its highest with corn in the sheaf, were spanned by heavypointed arches of stone, broadly and

boldly cut, whose very simplicity was the origin of a grandeur not apparent in erections where more ornament

has been attempted. The dusky, filmed, chestnut roof, braced and tied in by huge collars, curves, and

diagonals, was far nobler in design, because more wealthy in material, than ninetenths of those in our

modern churches. Along each side wall was a range of striding buttresses, throwing deep shadows on the

spaces between them, which were perforated by lancet openings, combining in their proportions the precise

One could say about this barn, what could hardly be said of either the church or the castle, akin to it in age

and style, that the purpose which had dictated its original erection was the same with that to which it was still

applied. Unlike and superior to either of those two typical remnants of mediaevalism, the old barn embodied

practices which had suffered no mutilation at the hands of time. Here at least the spirit of the ancient builders

was at one with the spirit of the modern beholder. Standing before this abraded pile, the eye regarded its

present usage, the mind dwelt upon its past history, with a satisfied sense of functional continuity throughout

a feeling almost of gratitude, and quite of pride, at the permanence of the idea which had heaped it up.

The fact that four centuries had neither proved it to be founded on a mistake, inspired any hatred of its

purpose, nor given rise to any reaction that had battered it down, invested this simple grey effort of old minds

with a repose, if not a grandeur, which a too curious reflection was apt to disturb in its ecclesiastical and

military compeers. For once medievalism and modernism had a common standpoint. The lanceolate

windows, the time eaten archstones and chamfers, the orientation of the axis, the misty chestnut work of

the rafters, referred to no exploded fortifying art or wornout religious creed. The defence and salvation of

Today the large side doors were thrown open towards the sun to admit a bountiful light to the immediate

spot of the shearers' operations, which was the wood threshingfloor in the centre, formed of thick oak, black

with age and polished by the beating of flails for many generations, till it had grown as slippery and as rich in

hue as the stateroom floors of an Elizabethan mansion. Here the shearers knelt, the sun slanting in upon

their bleached shirts, tanned arms, and the polished shears they flourished, causing these to bristle with a

thousand rays strong enough to blind a weak eyed man. Beneath them a captive sheep lay panting,

quickening its pants as misgiving merged in terror, till it quivered like the hot landscape outside.

This picture of today in its frame of four hundred years ago did not produce that marked contrast between

ancient and modern which is implied by the contrast of date. In comparison with cities, Weatherbury was

immutable. The citizen's THEN is the rustic's NOW. In London, twenty or thirtyyears ago are old times; in

Paris ten years, or five; in Weatherbury three or four score years were included in the mere present, and

nothing less than a century set a mark on its face or tone. Five decades hardly modified the cut of a gaiter, the

embroidery of a smockfrock, by the breadth of a hair. Ten generations failed to alter the turn of a single

phrase. In these Wessex nooks the busy outsider's ancient times are only old; his old times are still new; his

So the barn was natural to the shearers, and the shearers were in harmony with the barn.

The spacious ends of the building, answering ecclesiastically to nave and chancel extremities, were fenced off

with hurdles, the sheep being all collected in a crowd within these two enclosures; and in one angle a

catchingpen was formed, in which three or four sheep were continuously kept ready for the shearers to seize

without loss of time. In the background, mellowed by tawny shade, were the three women, Maryann Money,

and Temperance and Soberness Miller, gathering up the fleeces and twisting ropes of wool with a wimble for

tying them round. They were indifferently well assisted by the old maltster, who, when the malting season

from October to April had passed, made himself useful upon any of the bordering farmsteads.

Behind all was Bathsheba, carefully watching the men to see that there was no cutting or wounding through

carelessness, and that the animals were shorn close. Gabriel, who flitted and hovered under her bright eyes

like a moth, did not shear continuously, half his time being spent in attending to the others and selecting the

sheep for them. At the present moment he was engaged in handing round a mug of mild liquor, supplied from

Bathsheba, after throwing a glance here, a caution there, and lecturing one of the younger operators who had

allowed his last finished sheep to go off among the flock without restamping it with her initials, came again

to Gabriel, as he put down the luncheon to drag a frightened ewe to his shearstation, flinging it over upon its

back with a dexterous twist of the arm. He lopped off the tresses about its head, and opened up the neck and

"She blushes at the insult," murmured Bathsheba, watching the pink flush which arose and overspread the

neck and shoulders of the ewe where they were left bare by the clicking shears a flush which was

enviable, for its delicacy, by many queens of coteries, and would have been creditable, for its promptness, to

Poor Gabriel's soul was fed with a luxury of content by having her over him, her eyes critically regarding his

skilful shears, which apparently were going to gather up a piece of the flesh at every close, and yet never did

so. Like Guildenstern, Oak was happy in that he was not over happy. He had no wish to converse with her:

that his bright lady and himself formed one group, exclusively their own, and containing no others in the

So the chatter was all on her side. There is a loquacity that tells nothing, which was Bathsheba's; and there is

a silence which says much: that was Gabriel's. Full of this dim and temperate bliss, he went on to fling the

ewe over upon her other side, covering her head with his knee, gradually running the shears line after line

"Well done, and done quickly!" said Bathsheba, looking at her watch as the last snip resounded.

"Threeandtwenty minutes and a half since you took the first lock from its forehead. It is the first time that I

The clean, sleek creature arose from its fleece how perfectly like Aphrodite rising from the foam should

have been seen to be realized looking startled and shy at the loss of its garment, which lay on the floor in

one soft cloud, united throughout, the portion visible being the inner surface only, which, never before

Cainy now runs forward with the tarpot. "B. E." is newly stamped upon the shorn skin, and away the simple

dam leaps, panting, over the board into the shirtless flock outside. Then up comes Maryann; throws the loose

locks into the middle of the fleece, rolls it up, and carries it into the background as threeandahalf pounds

of unadulterated warmth for the winter enjoyment of persons unknown and far away, who will, however,

never experience the superlative comfort derivable from the wool as it here exists, new and pure before

the unctuousness of its nature whilst in a living state has dried, stiffened, and been washed out rendering it

But heartless circumstance could not leave entire Gabriel's happiness of this morning. The rams, old ewes,

and two shear ewes had duly undergone their stripping, and the men were proceeding with the shearlings

and hogs, when Oak's belief that she was going to stand pleasantly by and time him through another

performance was painfully interrupted by Farmer Boldwood's appearance in the extremest corner of the barn.

Nobody seemed to have perceived his entry, but there he certainly was. Boldwood always carried with him a

social atmosphere of his own, which everybody felt who came near him; and the talk, which Bathsheba's

He crossed over towards Bathsheba, who turned to greet him with a carriage of perfect ease. He spoke to her

in low tones, and she instinctively modulated her own to the same pitch, and her voice ultimately even caught

the inflection of his. She was far from having a wish to appear mysteriously connected with him; but woman

at the impressionable age gravitates to the larger body not only in her choice of words, which is apparent

every day, but even in her shades of tone and humour, when the influence is great.

What they conversed about was not audible to Gabriel, who was too independent to get near, though too

concerned to disregard. The issue of their dialogue was the taking of her hand by the courteous farmer to help

her over the spreadingboard into the bright June sunlight outside. Standing beside the sheep already shorn,

they went on talking again. Concerning the flock? Apparently not. Gabriel theorized, not without truth, that in

quiet discussion of any matter within reach of the speakers' eyes, these are usually fixed upon it. Bathsheba

demurely regarded a contemptible straw lying upon the ground, in a way which suggested less ovine criticism

than womanly embarrassment. She became more or less red in the cheek, the blood wavering in uncertain

flux and reflux over the sensitive space between ebb and flood. Gabriel sheared on, constrained and sad.

She left Boldwood's side, and he walked up and down alone for nearly a quarter of an hour. Then she

reappeared in her new ridinghabit of myrtlegreen, which fitted her to the waist as a rind fits its fruit; and

young Bob Coggan led on her mare, Boldwood fetching his own horse from the tree under which it had been

Oak's eyes could not forsake them; and in endeavouring to continue his shearing at the same time that he

watched Boldwood's manner, he snipped the sheep in the groin. The animal plunged; Bathsheba instantly

"Oh, Gabriel!" she exclaimed, with severe remonstrance, "you who are so strict with the other men see

To an outsider there was not much to complain of in this remark; but to Oak, who knew Bathsheba to be well

aware that she herself was the cause of the poor ewe's wound, because she had wounded the ewe's shearer in

a still more vital part, it had a sting which the abiding sense of his inferiority to both herself and

Boldwood was not calculated to heal. But a manly resolve to recognize boldly that he had no longer a lover's

"Bottle!" he shouted, in an unmoved voice of routine. Cainy Ball ran up, the wound was anointed, and the

Boldwood gently tossed Bathsheba into the saddle, and before they turned away she again spoke out to Oak

"I am going now to see Mr. Boldwood's Leicesters. Take my place in the barn, Gabriel, and keep the men

Boldwood's deep attachment was a matter of great interest among all around him; but, after having been

pointed out for so many years as the perfect exemplar of thriving bachelorship, his lapse was an anticlimax

somewhat resembling that of St. John Long's death by consumption in the midst of his proofs that it was not a

"That means matrimony," said Temperance Miller, following them out of sight with her eyes.

"Well, better wed over the mixen than over the moor," said Laban Tall, turning his sheep.

Henery Fray spoke, exhibiting miserable eyes at the same time: "I don't see why a maid should take a

husband when she's bold enough to fight her own battles, and don't want a home; for 'tis keeping another

woman out. But let it be, for 'tis a pity he and she should trouble two houses."

As usual with decided characters, Bathsheba invariably provoked the criticism of individuals like Henery

Fray. Her emblazoned fault was to be too pronounced in her objections, and not sufficiently overt in her

likings. We learn that it is not the rays which bodies absorb, but those which they reject, that give them the

colours they are known by; and in the same way people are specialized by their dislikes and antagonisms,

Henery continued in a more complaisant mood: "I once hinted my mind to her on a few things, as nearly as a

battered frame dared to do so to such a froward piece. You all know, neighbours, what a man I be, and how I

"So I said, 'Mistress Everdene, there's places empty, and there's gifted men willing; but the spite' no, not

the spite I didn't say spite 'but the villainy of the contrarikind,' I said (meaning womankind), 'keeps 'em

"Yes; and I would have said it, had death and salvation overtook me for it. Such is my spirit when I have a

"You see the artfulness? Why, 'twas about being baily really; but I didn't put it so plain that she could

understand my meaning, so I could lay it on all the stronger. That was my depth! ... However, let her marry

an she will. Perhaps 'tis high time. I believe Farmer Boldwood kissed her behind the spearbed at the sheep

"Because she told me all that passed," said Oak, with a pharisaical sense that he was not as other shearers in

"Ye have a right to believe it," said Henery, with dudgeon; "a very true right. But I mid see a little distance

into things! To be longheaded enough for a baily's place is a poor mere trifle yet a trifle more than

nothing. However, I look round upon life quite cool. Do you heed me, neighbours? My words, though made

"A strange old piece, goodmen whirled about from here to yonder, as if I were nothing! A little warped,

too. But I have my depths; ha, and even my great depths! I might gird at a certain shepherd, brain to brain.

"A strange old piece, ye say!" interposed the maltster, in a querulous voice. "At the same time ye be no old

man worth naming no old man at all. Yer teeth bain't half gone yet; and what's a old man's standing if so

be his teeth bain't gone? Weren't I stale in wedlock afore ye were out of arms? 'Tis a poor thing to be sixty,

It was the unvaying custom in Weatherbury to sink minor differences when the maltster had to be pacified.

"Weak aswater! yes," said Jan Coggan. "Malter, we feel ye to be a wonderful veteran man, and nobody can

"Nobody," said Joseph Poorgrass. "Ye be a very rare old spectacle, malter, and we all admire ye for that gift.

"Ay, and as a young man, when my senses were in prosperity, I was likewise liked by a goodfew who

The bent and hoary 'man was satisfied, and so apparently was Henery Frag. That matters should continue

pleasant Maryann spoke, who, what with her brown complexion, and the working wrapper of rusty linsey,

had at present the mellow hue of an old sketch in oils notably some of Nicholas Poussin's:

"Do anybody know of a crooked man, or a lame, or any second hand fellow at all that would do for poor

me?" said Maryann. "A perfect one I don't expect to at my time of life. If I could hear of such a thing twould

Coggan furnished a suitable reply. Oak went on with his shearing, and said not another word. Pestilent moods

had come, and teased away his quiet. Bathsheba had shown indications of anointing him above his fellows by

installing him as the bailiff that the farm imperatively required. He did not covet the post relatively to the

farm: in relation to herself, as beloved by him and unmarried to another, he had coveted it. His readings of

her seemed now to be vapoury and indistinct. His lecture to her was, he thought, one of the absurdest

mistakes. Far from coquetting with Boldwood, she had trifled with himself in thus feigning that she had

trifled with another. He was inwardly convinced that, in accordance with the anticipations of his easygoing

and worseeducated comrades, that day would see Boldwood the accepted husband of Miss Everdene.

Gabriel at this time of his life had outgrown the instinctive dislike which every Christian boy has for reading

the Bible, perusing it now quite frequently, and he inwardly said, "I find more bitter than death the woman

whose heart is snares and nets!" This was mere exclamation the froth of the storm. He adored Bathsheba

"We workfolk shall have some lordlyjunketing tonight," said Cainy Ball, casting forth his thoughts in a

new direction. "This morning I see'em making the great puddens in the milkingpails lumps of fat as big

as yer thumb, Mister Oak! I've never seed such splendid large knobs of fat before in the days of my life

they never used to be bigger then a horsebean. And there was a great black crock upon the brandish with his

"Well, I hope to do my duty by it all," said Joseph Poorgrass, in a pleasant, masticating manner of

anticipation. "Yes; victuals and drink is a cheerful thing, and gives nerves to the nerveless, if the form of

words may be used. 'Tis the gospel of the body, without which we perish, so to speak it."

FOR the shearingsupper a long table was placed on the grassplot beside the house, the end of the table

being thrust over the sill of the wide parlour window and a foot or two into the room. Miss Everdene sat

inside the window, facing down the table. She was thus at the head without mingling with the men.

This evening Bathsheba was unusually excited, her red cheeks and lips contrasting lustrously with the mazy

skeins of her shadowy hair. She seemed to expect assistance, and the seat at the bottom of the table was at her

request left vacant until after they had begun the meal. She then asked Gabriel to take the place and the duties

At this moment Mr. Boldwood came in at the gate, and crossed the green to Bathsheba at the window. He

"Gabriel," said she, "will you move again, please, and let Mr. Boldwood come there?"

The gentlemanfarmer was dressed in cheerful style, in a new coat and white waistcoat, quite contrasting

with his usual sober suits of grey. Inwardy, too, he was blithe, and consequently chatty to an exceptional

degree. So also was Bathsheba now that he had come, though the uninvited presence of Pennyways, the

Supper being ended, Coggan began on his own private account, without reference to listeners:

I've lost my love, and l care not, I've lost my love, and l care not; I shall soon have another That's better than

This lyric, when concluded, was received with a silently appreciative gaze at the table, implying that the

performance, like a work by those established authors who are independent of notices in the papers, was a

"I be all but in liquor, and the gift is wanting in me," said Joseph, diminishing himself.

"Nonsense; wou'st never be so ungrateful, Joseph never!" said Coggan, expressing hurt feelings by an

inflection of voice. "And mistress is looking hard at ye, as much as to say, "Sing at once, Joseph Poorgrass."

"Faith, so she is; well, I must suffer it! ... Just eye my features, and see if the telltale blood overheats me

"I always tries to keep my colours from rising when a beauty's eyes get fixed on me," said Joseph, differently;

"Well, really, ma'am," he replied, in a yielding tone, "I don't know what to say. It would be a poor plain ballet

Poorgrass, thus assured, trilled forth a flickering yet commendable piece of sentiment, the tune of which

consisted of the keynote and another, the latter being the sound chiefly dwelt upon. This was so successful

that he rashly plunged into a second in the same breath, after a few false starts:

I sow'ed th'e ..... I sow'ed ..... I sow'ed the'e seeds' of love', Iit was' all' i'in the'e spring', Iin

"Well put out of hand," said Coggan, at the end of the verse. 'They do sing' was a very taking paragraph."

"Ay; and there was a pretty place at "seeds of love." and 'twas well heaved out. Though "love" is a nasty high

But during this rendering young Bob Coggan exhibited one of those anomalies which will afflict little people

when other persons are particularly serious: in trying to check his laughter, he pushed down his throat as

much of the tablecloth as he could get hold of, when, after continuing hermetically sealed for a short time, his

mirth burst out through his nose. Joseph perceived it, and with hectic cheeks of indignation instantly ceased

"Go on, Joseph go on, and never mind the young scamp," said Coggan. "'Tis a very catching ballet. Now

then again the next bar; I'll help ye to flourish up the shrill notes where yer wind is rather wheezy:

But the singer could not be set going again. Bob Coggan was sent home for his ill manners, and tranquility

was restored by Jacob Smallbury, who volunteered a ballad as inclusive and interminable as that with which

the worthy toper old Silenus amused on a similar occasion the swains Chromis and Mnasylus, and other jolly

It was still the beaming time of evening, though night was stealthily making itself visible low down upon the

ground, the western lines of light taking the earth without alighting upon it to any extent, or illuminating the

dead levels at all. The sun had crept round the tree as a last effort before death, and then began to sink, the

shearers' lower parts becoming steeped in embrowning twilight, whilst their heads and shoulders were still

enjoying day, touched with a yellow of selfsustained brilliancy that seemed inherent rather than acquired.

The sun went down in an ochreous mist; but they sat, and talked on, and grew as merry as the gods in

Homer's heaven. Bathsheba still remained enthroned inside the window, and occupied herself in knitting,

from which she sometimes looked up to view the fading scene outside. The slow twilight expanded and

Gabriel suddenly missed Farmer Boldwood from his place at the bottom of the table. How long he had been

gone Oak did not know; but he had apparently withdrawn into the encircling dusk. Whilst he was thinking of

this, Liddy brought candles into the back part of the room overlooking the shearers, and their lively new

flames shone down the table and over the men, and dispersed among the green shadows behind. Bathsheba's

form, still in its original position, was now again distinct between their eyes and the light, which revealed that

Next came the question of the evening. Would Miss Everdene sing to them the song she always sang so

After a moment's consideration Bathsheba assented, beckoning to Gabriel, who hastened up into the coveted

She stood up in the windowopening, facing the men, the candles behind her, Gabriel on her right hand,

immediately outside the sashframe. Boldwood had drawn up on her left, within the room. Her singing was

soft and rather tremulous at first, but it soon swelled to a steady clearness. Subsequent events caused one of

the verses to be remembered for many months, and even years, by more than one of those who were gathered

For his bride a soldier sought her, And a winning tongue had he: On the banks of Allan Water None was gay

In addition to the dulcet piping of Gabriel's flute, Boldwood supplied a bass in his customary profound voice,

uttering his notes so softly, however, as to abstain entirely from making anything like an ordinary duet of the

song; they rather formed a rich unexplored shadow, which threw her tones into relief. The shearers reclined

against each other as at suppers in the early ages of the world, and so silent and absorbed were they that her

breathing could almost be heard between the bars; and at the end of the ballad, when the last tone loitered on

to an inexpressible close, there arose that buzz of pleasure which is the attar of applause.

It is scarcely necessary to state that Gabriel could not avoid noting the farmer's bearing tonight towards their

entertainer. Yet there was nothing exceptional in his actions beyond what appertained to his time of

performing them. It was when the rest were all looking away that Boldwood observed her; when they

regarded her he turned aside; when they thanked or praised he was silent; when they were inattentive he

murmured his thanks. The meaning lay in the difference between actions, none of which had any meaning of

itself; and the necessity of being jealous, which lovers are troubled with, did not lead Oak to underestimate

Bathsheba then wished them goodnight, withdrew from the window, and retired to the back part of the

room, Boldwood thereupon closing the sash and the shutters, and remaining inside with her. Oak wandered

away under the quiet and scented trees. Recovering from the softer impressions produced by Bathsheba's

voice, the shearers rose to leave, Coggan turning to Pennyways as he pushed back the bench to pass out:

"I like to give praise where praise is due, and the man deserves it that 'a do so," he remarked, looking at

"I'm sure I should never have believed it if we hadn't proved it, so to allude," hiccupped Joseph Poorgrass,

"that every cup, every one of the best knives and forks, and every empty bottle be in their place as perfect

"I'm sure I don't deserve half the praise you give me," said the virtuous thief, grimly.

"Well, I'll say this for Pennyways," added Coggan, "that whenever he do really make up his mind to do a

noble thing in the shape of a good action, as I could see by his face he did tonight afore sitting down, he's

generally able to carry it out. Yes, I'm proud to say. neighbours, that he's stole nothing at all."

"Well, 'tis an honest deed, and we thank ye for it, Pennyways," said Joseph; to which opinion the remainder

At this time of departure, when nothing more was visible of the inside of the parlour than a thin and still

chink of light between the shutters, a passionate scene was in course of enactment there.

Miss Everdene and Boldwood were alone. Her cheeks had lost a great deal of their healthful fire from the

very seriousness of her position; but her eye was bright with the excitement of a triumph though it was a

She was standing behind a low armchair, from which she had just risen, and he was kneeling in it

inclining himself over its back towards her, and holding her hand in both his own. His body moved restlessly,

and it was with what Keats daintily calls a too happy happiness. This unwonted abstraction by love of all

dignity from a man of whom it had ever seemed the chief component, was, in its distressing incongruity, a

pain to her which quenched much of the pleasure she derived from the proof that she was idolized.

"I will try to love you," she was saying, in a trembling voice quite unlike her usual selfconfidence. "And if I

can believe in any way that I shall make you a good wife I shall indeed be willing to marry you. But, Mr.

Boldwood, hesitation on so high a matter is honourable in any woman, and I don't want to give a solemn

promise tonight. I would rather ask you to wait a few weeks till I can see my situation better.

"I have every reason to hope that at the end of the five or six weeks, between this time and harvest, that you

say you are going to be away from home, I shall be able to promise to be your wife," she said, firmly. "But

"It is enough I don't ask more. I can wait on those dear words. And now, Miss Everdene, goodnight!"

"Goodnight," she said, graciously almost tenderly; and Boldwood withdrew with a serene smile.

Bathsheba knew more of him now; he had entirely bared his heart before her, even until he had almost worn

in her eyes the sorry look of a grand bird without the feathers that make it grand. She had been awestruck at

her past temerity, and was struggling to make amends without thinking whether the sin quite deserved the

penalty she was schooling herself to pay. To have brought all this about her ears was terrible; but after a

while the situation was not without a fearful joy. The facility with which even the most timid woman

sometimes acquire a relish for the dreadful when that is amalgamated with a little triumph, is marvellous.

AMONG the multifarious duties which Bathsheba had voluntarily imposed upon herself by dispensing with

the services of a bailiff, was the particular one of looking round the homestead before going to bed, to see

that all was right and safe for the night. Gabriel had almost constantly preceded her in this tour every evening,

watching her affairs as carefully as any specially appointed officer of surveillance could have done; but this

tender devotion was to a great extent unknown to his mistress, and as much as was known was somewhat

thanklessly received. Women are never tired of bewailing man's fickleness in love, but they only seem to

As watching is best done invisibly, she usually carried a dark lantern in her hand, and every now and then

turned on the light to examine nooks and corners with the coolness of a metropolitan policeman. This

coolness may have owed its existence not so much to her fearlessness of expected danger as to her freedom

from the suspicion of any; her worst anticipated discovery being that a horse might not be well bedded, the

This night the buildings were inspected as usual, and she went round to the farm paddock. Here the only

sounds disturbing the stillness were steady munchings of many mouths, and stentorian breathings from all but

invisible noses, ending in snores and puffs like the blowing of bellows slowly. Then the munching would

recommence, when the lively imagination might assist the eye to discern a group of pinkwhite nostrils,

shaped as caverns, and very clammy and humid on their surfaces, not exactly pleasant to the touch until one

got used to them; the mouths beneath having a great partiality for closing upon any loose end of Bathsheba's

apparel which came within reach of their tongues. Above each of these a still keener vision suggested a

brown forehead and two staring though not unfriendly eyes, and above all a pair of whitish crescent shaped

horns like two particularly new moons, an occasional stolid "moo!" proclaiming beyond the shade of a doubt

that these phenomena were the features and persons of Daisy, Whitefoot, Bonnylass, JollyO, Spot,

Twinkleeye, etc., etc. the respectable dairy of Devon cows belonging to Bathsheba aforesaid.

Her way back to the house was by a path through a young plantation of tapering firs, which had been planted

some years earlier to shelter the premises from the north wind. By reason of the density of the interwoven

foliage overhead, it was gloomy there at cloudless noontide, twilight in the evening, dark as midnight at dusk,

and black as the ninth plague of Egypt at midnight. To describe the spot is to call it a vast, low, naturally

formed hall, the plumy ceiling of which was supported by slender pillars of living wood, the floor being

covered with a soft dun carpet of dead spikelets and mildewed cones, with a tuft of grassblades here and

This bit of the path was always the crux of the night's ramble, though, before starting, her apprehensions of

danger were not vivid enough to lead her to take a companion. Slipping along here covertly as Time,

Bathsheba fancied she could hear footsteps entering the track at the opposite end. It was certainly a rustle of

footsteps. Her own instantly fell as gently as snowflakes. She reassured herself by a remembrance that the

path was public, and that the traveller was probably some villager returning home; regetting, at the same

time, that the meeting should be about to occur in the darkest point of her route, even though only just outside

The noise approached, came close, and a figure was apparently on the point of gliding past her when

something tugged at her skirt and pinned it forcibly to the ground. The instantaneous check nearly threw

Bathsheba off her balance. In recovering she struck against warm clothes and buttons.

"A rum start, upon my soul!" said a masculine voice, a foot or so above her head. "Have I hurt you, mate?"

A hand seized the lantern, the door was opened, the rays burst out from their prison, and Bathsheba beheld

The man to whom she was hooked was brilliant in brass and scarlet. He was a soldier. His sudden appearance

was to darkness what the sound of a trumpet is to silense. Gloom, the genius loci at all times hitherto, was

now totally overthrown, less by the lanternlight than by what the lantern lighted. The contrast of this

revelation with her anticipations of some sinister figure in sombre garb was so great that it had upon her the

It was immediately apparent that the military man's spur had become entangled in the gimp which decorated

"Oh no I can do it, thank you," she hastily replied, and stooped for the performance.

The unfastening was not such a trifling affair. The rowel of the spur had so wound itself among the gimp

He too stooped, and the lantern standing on the ground betwixt them threw the gleam from its open side

among the firtree needles and the blades of long damp grass with the effect of a large glowworm. It radiated

upwards into their faces, and sent over half the plantation gigantic shadows of both man and woman, each

dusky shape becoming distorted and mangled upon the treetrunks till it wasted to nothing.

He looked hard into her eyes when she raised them for a moment; Bathsheba looked down again, for his gaze

was too strong to be received pointblank with her own. But she had obliquely noticed that he was young and

"You are a prisoner, miss; it is no use blinking the matter," said the soldier, drily. "I must cut your dress if

"It wouldn't be necessary if you could wait a moment," and he unwound a cord from the little wheel. She

withdrew her own hand, but, whether by accident or design, he touched it. Bathsheba was vexed; she hardly

His unravelling went on, but it nevertheless seemed coming to no end. She looked at him again.

"Thank you for the sight of such a beautiful face!" said the young sergeant, without ceremony.

She coloured with embarrassment. "'Twas unwillingly shown," she replied, stiffly, and with as much dignity

"I should have liked I wish you had never shown yourself to me by intruding here!" She pulled again,

"I deserve the chastisement your words give me. But why should such a fair and dutiful girl have such an

"Oh, 'tis shameful of you; you have been making it worse on purpose to keep me here you have!"

"I tell you you have!" she exclaimed, in high temper. I insist upon undoing it. Now, allow me!"

"Certainly, miss; I am not of steel." He added a sigh which had as much archness in it as a sigh could possess

without losing its nature altogether. "I am thankful for beauty, even when 'tis thrown to me like a bone to a

Bathsheba was revolving in her mind whether by a bold and desperate rush she could free herself at the risk

of leaving her skirt bodily behind her. The thought was too dreadful. The dress which she had put on to

appear stately at the supper was the head and front of her wardrobe; not another in her stock became her

so well. What woman in Bathsheba's position, not naturally timid, and within call of her retainers, would

"It is done in order that I may have the pleasure of apologizing to so charming a woman, which I straightway

"I've seen a good many women in my time," continued the young man in a murmur, and more thoughtfully

than hitherto, critically regarding her bent head at the same time; "but I've never seen a woman so beautiful as

"No stranger. Sergeant Troy. I am staying in this place. There! it is undone at last, you see. Your light

fingers were more eager than mine. I wish it had been the knot of knots, which there's no untying!"

This was worse and worse. She started up, and so did he. How to decently get away from him that was her

difficulty now. She sidled off inch by inch, the lantern in her hand, till she could see the redness of his coat no

She made no reply, and, reaching a distance of twenty or thirty yards, turned about, and ran indoors.

Liddy had just retired to rest. In ascending to her own chamber, Bathsheba opened the girl's door an inch or

"Liddy, is any soldier staying in the village sergeant somebody rather gentlemanly for a sergeant, and

"No, miss ... No, I say; but really it might be Sergeant Troy home on furlough, though I have not seen him.

"Oh! miss I blush to name it a gay man! But I know him to be very quick and trim, who might have

made his thousands, like a squire. Such a clever young dandy as he is! He's a doctor's son by name, which is a

"Yes. And, he was brought up so well, and sent to Casterbridge Grammar School for years and years. Learnt

all languages while he was there; and it was said he got on so far that he could take down Chinese in

shorthand; but that I don't answer for, as it was only reported. However, he wasted his gifted lot, and listed a

soldier; but even then he rose to be a sergeant without trying at all. Ah! such a blessing it is to be highborn;

nobility of blood will shine out even in the ranks and files. And is he really come home, miss?"

After all, how could a cheerful wearer of skirts be permanently offended with the man? There are occasions

when girls like Bathsheba will put up with a great deal of unconventional behaviour. When they want to be

praised, which is often, when they want to be mastered, which is sometimes; and when they want no

nonsense, which is seldom. Just now the first feeling was in the ascendant with Bathsheba, with a dash of the

second. Moreover, by chance or by devilry, the ministrant was antecedently made interesting by being a

So she could not clearly decide whether it was her opinion that he had insulted her or not. "

"Was ever anything so odd!" she at last exclaimed to herself, in her own room. "And was ever anything so

meanly done as what I did do to sulk away like that from a man who was only civil and kind!" Clearly she

It was a fatal omission of Boldwood's that he had never once told her she was beautiful.

IDIOSYNCRASY and vicissitude had combined to stamp Sergeant Troy as an exceptional being.

He was a man to whom memories were an incumbrance, and anticipations a superfluity. Simply feeling,

considering, and caring for what was before his eyes, he was vulnerable only in the present. His outlook upon

time was as a transient flash of the eye now and then: that projection of consciousness into days gone by and

to come, which makes the past a synonym for the pathetic and the future a word for circumspection, was

foreign to Troy. With him the past was yesterday; the future, tomorrow; never, the day after.

On this account he might, in certain lights, have been regarded as one of the most fortunate of his order. For it

may be argued with great plausibility that reminiscence is less an endowment than a disease, and that

expectation in its only comfortable form that of absolute faith is practically an impossibility; whilst in

the form of hope and the secondary compounds, patience, impatience, resolve, curiosity, it is a constant

Sergeant Troy, being entirely innocent of the practice of expectation, was never disappointed. To set against

this negative gain there may have been some positive losses from a certain narrowing of the higher tastes and

sensations which it entailed. But limitation of the capacity is never recognized as a loss by the loser

therefrom: in this attribute moral or aesthetic poverty contrasts plausibly with material, since those who suffer

do not mind it, whilst those who mind it soon cease to suffer. It is not a denial of anything to have been

always without it, and what Troy had never enjoyed he did not miss; but, being fully conscious that what

sober people missed he enjoyed, his capacity, though really less, seemed greater than theirs.

He was moderately truthful towards men, but to women lied like a Cretan a system of ethics above all

others calculated to win popularity at the first flush of admission into lively society; and the possibility of the

He never passed the line which divides the spruce vices from the ugly; and hence, though his morals had

hardly been applauded, disapproval of them had frequently been tempered with a smile. This treatment had

led to his becoming a sort of regrater of other men's gallantries, to his own aggrandizement as a Corinthian,

His reason and his propensities had seldom any reciprocating influence, having separated by mutual consent

long ago: thence it sometimes happened that, while his intentions were as honourable as could be wished, any

particular deed formed a dark background which threw them into fine relief. The sergeant's vicious phases

being the offspring of impulse, and his virtuous phases of cool meditation, the latter had a modest tendency to

Troy was full of activity, but his activities were less of a locomotive than a vegetative nature; and, never

being based upon any original choice of foundation or direction, they were exercised on whatever object

chance might place in their way. Hence, whilst he sometimes reached the brilliant in speech because that was

spontaneous, he fell below the commonplace in action, from inability to guide incipient effort. He had a quick

comprehension and considerable force of character; but, being without the power to combine them, the

comprehension became engaged with trivialities whilst waiting for the will to direct it, and the force wasted

He was a fairly welleducated man for one of middle class exceptionally well educated for a common

soldier. He spoke fluently and unceasingly. He could in this way be one thing and seem another: for instance,

he could speak of love and think of dinner; call on the husband to look at the wife; be eager to pay and intend

The wondrous power of flattery in PASSADOS at woman is a perception so universal as to be remarked upon

by many people almost as automatically as they repeat a proverb, or say that they are Christians and the like,

without thinking much of the enormous corollaries which spring from the proposition. Still less is it acted

upon for the good of the complemental being alluded to. With the majority such an opinion is shelved with all

those trite aphorisms which require some catastrophe to bring their tremendous meanings thoroughly home.

When expressed with some amount of reflectiveness it seems coordinate with a belief that this flattery must

be reasonable to be effective. It is to the credit of men that few attempt to settle the question by experiment,

and it is for their happiness, perhaps, that accident has never settled it for them. Nevertheless, that a male

dissembler who by deluging her with untenable fictions charms the female wisely, may acquire powers

reaching to the extremity of perdition, is a truth taught to many by unsought and wringing occurrences. And

some profess to have attained to the same knowledge by experiment as aforesaid, and jauntily continue their

He had been known to observe casually that in dealing with womankind the only alternative to flattery was

cursing and swearing. There was no third method. "Treat them fairly, and you are a lost man." he would say.

This person's public appearance in Weatherbury promptly followed his arrival there. A week or two after the

shearing Bathsheba, feeling a nameless relief of spirits on account of Boldwood's absence, approached her

hayfields and looked over the hedge towards the haymakers. They consisted in about equal proportions of

gnarled and flexuous forms, the former being the men, the latter the women, who wore tilt bonnets covered

with nankeen, which hung in a curtain upon their shoulders. Coggan and Mark Clark were mowing in a less

forward meadow, Clark humming a tune to the strokes of his scythe, to which Jan made no attempt to keep

time with his. In the first mead they were already loading hay, the women raking it into cocks and windrows,

From behind the waggon a bright scarlet spot emerged, and went on loading unconcernedly with the rest. It

was the gallant sergeant, who had come haymaking for pleasure; and nobody could deny that he was doing

the mistress of the farm real knightservice by this voluntary contribution of his labour at a busy time.

As soon as she had entered the field Troy saw her, and sticking his pitchfork into the ground and picking up

his crop or cane, he came forward. Bathsheba blushed with half angry embarrassment, and adjusted her eyes

"AH, Miss Everdene!" said the sergeant, touching his diminutive cap. "Little did I think it was you I was

speaking to the other night. And yet, if I had reflected, the "Queen of the Cornmarket" (truth is truth at any

hour of the day or night, and I heard you so named in Casterbridge yesterday), the "Queen of the

Cornmarket." I say, could be no other woman. I step across now to beg your forgiveness a thousand times

for having been led by my feelings to express myself too strongly for a stranger. To be sure I am no stranger

to the place I am Sergeant Troy, as I told you, and I have assisted your uncle in these fields no end of

"I suppose I must thank you for that, Sergeant Troy," said the Queen of the Cornmarket, in an indifferently

The sergeant looked hurt and sad. "Indeed you must not, Miss Everdene," he said. "Why could you think such

"I am afraid I have made a hole with my tongue that my heart will never mend. O these intolerable times: that

illluck should follow a man for honestly telling a woman she is beautiful! 'Twas the most I said you must

"And I would rather have curses from you than kisses from any other woman; so I'll stay here."

Bathsheba was absolutely speechless. And yet she could not help feeling that the assistance he was rendering

"Well," continued Troy, "I suppose there is a praise which is rudeness, and that may be mine. At the same

time there is a treatment which is injustice, and that may be yours. Because a plain blunt man, who has never

been taught concealment, speaks out his mind without exactly intending it, he's to be snapped off like the son

"Indeed there's no such case between us," she said, turning away. "I don't allow strangers to be bold and

"Ah it is not the fact but the method which offends you," he said, carelessly. "But I have the sad

satisfaction of knowing that my words, whether pleasing or offensive, are unmistakably true. Would you have

had me look at you, and tell my acquaintance that you are quite a commonplace woman, to save you the

embarrassment of being stared at if they come near you? Not I. I couldn't tell any such ridiculous lie about a

"It is all pretence what you are saying!" exclaimed Bathsheba, laughing in spite of herself at the sly

method. "You have a rare invention, Sergeant Troy. Why couldn't you have passed by me that night, and said

"Because I wasn't going to. Half the pleasure of a feeling lies in being able to express it on the spur of the

moment, and I let out mine. It would have been just the same if you had been the reverse person ugly and

"'Tis to be hoped your sense of the difference you speak of doesn't stop at faces, but extends to morals as

"I won't speak of morals or religion my own or anybody else's. Though perhaps I should have been a very

Bathsheba moved on to hide the irrepressible dimplings of merriment. Troy followed, whirling his crop.

"I said you were beautiful, and I'll say so still; for, by so you are! The most beautiful ever I saw, or may I

"Don't don't! I won't listen to you you are so profane!" she said, in a restless state between distress at

"I again say you are a most fascinating woman. There's nothing remarkable in my saying so, is there? I'm sure

the fact is evident enough. Miss Everdene, my opinion may be too forcibly let out to please you, and, for the

matter of that, too insignificant to convince you, but surely it is honest, and why can't it be excused?"

"Oh, fie fie! Am I any worse for breaking the third of that Terrible Ten than you for breaking the ninth?"

"Well, it doesn't seem QUITE true to me that I am fascinating," she replied evasively.

"Not so to you: then I say with all respect that, if so, it is owing to your modesty, Miss Everdene. But surely

you must have been told by everybody of what everybody notices? and you should take their words for it."

"Well, I mean to my face, as you do," she went on, allowing herself to be further lured into a conversation

Capitulation that was the purport of the simple reply, guarded as it was capitulation, unknown to

herself. Never did a fragile tailless sentence convey a more perfect meaning. The careless sergeant smiled

within himself, and probably too the devil smiled from a loophole in Tophet, for the moment was the

turningpoint of a career. Her tone and mien signified beyond mistake that the seed which was to lift the

foundation had taken root in the chink: the remainder was a mere question of time and natural changes.

"There the truth comes out!" said the soldier, in reply. "Never tell me that a young lady can live in a buzz of

admiration without knowing something about it. Ah, well, Miss Everdene, you are pardon my blunt way

"Oh, it is true enough. I may as well be hung for a sheep as a lamb (an old country saying, not of much

account, but it will do for a rough soldier), and so I will speak my mind, regardless of your pleasure, and

without hoping or intending to get your pardon. Why, Miss Everdene, it is in this manner that your good

looks may do more harm than good in the world." The sergeant looked down the mead in critical abstracion.

"Probably some one man on an average falls in love, with each ordinary woman. She can marry him: he is

content, and leads a useful life. Such women as you a hundred men always covet your eyes will bewitch

scores on scores into an unavailing fancy for you you can only marry one of that many. Out of these say

twenty will endeavour to drown the bitterness of espised love in drink; twenty more will mope away their

lives without a wish or attempt to make a mark in he world, because they have no ambition apart from their

attachment to you; twenty more the susceptible person myself possibly among them will be always

draggling after you, getting where they may just see you, doing desperate things. Men are such constant

fools! The rest may try to get over their passion with more or less success. But all these men will be

saddened. And not only those ninetynine men, but the ninetynine women they might have married are

saddened with them. There's my tale. That's why I say that a woman so charming as yourself, Miss Everdene,

The handsome sergeant's features were during this speech as rigid and stern as John Knox's in addressing his

"I do when I have an opportunity, which latterly has not been often (my mother was a Parisienne) and

there's a proverb they have, QUI AIME BIEN CHATIE BIEN "He chastens who loves well." Do you

"Ah!" she replied, and there was even a little tremulousness in the usually cool girl's voice; "if you can only

fight half as winningly as you can talk, you are able to make a pleasure of a bayonet wound!" And then poor

Bathsheba instantly perceived her slip in making this admission: in hastily trying to retrieve it, she went from

bad to worse. "Don't, however, suppose that I derive any pleasure from what you tell me."

"I know you do not I know it perfectly," said Troy, with much hearty conviction on the exterior of his

face: and altering the expression to moodiness; "when a dozen men are ready to speak tenderly to you, and

give the admiration you deserve without adding the warning you need, it stands to reason that my poor

roughandready mixture of praise and blame cannot convey much pleasure. Fool as I may be, I am not so

"I think you are conceited, nevertheless," said Bathsheba, looking askance at a reed she was fitfully

pulling with one hand, having lately grown feverish under the soldier's system of procedure not because

the nature of his cajolery was entirely unperceived, but because its vigour was overwhelming.

"I would not own it to anybody else nor do I exactly to you. Still, there might have been some

selfconceit in my foolish supposition the other night. I knew that what I said in admiration might be an

opinion too often forced upon you to give any pleasure but I certainly did think that the kindness of your

nature might prevent you judging an uncontrolled tongue harshly which you have done and thinking

badly of me and wounding me this morning, when I am working hard to save your hay."

"Well, you need not think more of that: perhaps you did not mean to be rude to me by speaking out your

mind: indeed, I believe you did not," said the shrewd woman, in painfully innocent earnest. "And I thank you

for giving help here. But but mind you don't speak to me again in that way, or in any other, unless I speak

"You will never speak to me; for I shall not be here long. I am soon going back again to the miserable

monotony of drill and perhaps our regiment will be ordered out soon. And yet you take away the one little

ewelamb of pleasure that I have in this dull life of mine. Well, perhaps generosity is not a woman's most

"If you do care so much for a silly trifle of that kind, then, I don't mind doing it," she uncertainly and

doubtingly answered. "But you can't really care for a word from me? you only say so I think you only say

"That's unjust but I won't repeat the remark. I am too gratified to get such a mark of your friendship at any

price to cavil at the tone. I DO Miss Everdene, care for it. You may think a man foolish to want a mere word

just a good morning. Perhaps he is I don't know. But you have never been a man looking upon a

"Then you know nothing of what such an experience is like and Heaven forbid that you ever should!"

"Put shortly, it is not being able to think, hear, or look in any direction except one without wretchedness, nor

"Ah, sergeant, it won't do you are pretending!" she said, shaking her head." Your words are too dashing to

"That makes no difference. The lightning works instantaneously. I loved you then, at once as I do now."

Bathsheba surveyed him curiously, from the feet upward, as high as she liked to venture her glance, which

"You cannot and you don"t," she said demurely. "There isno such sudden feeling in people. I won't listen to

you any longer. Hear me, I wish I knew what o'clock it is I am going I have wasted too much time here

The sergeant looked at his watch and told her. "What, haven't you a watch, miss?" he inquired.

And before she knew what the young man was intending, a heavy gold watch was in her hand.

"It is an unusually good one for a man like me to possess," he quietly said. "That watch has a history. Press

"A coronet with five points, and beneath, CEDIT AMOR REBUS "Love yields to circumstance." It's the

motto of the Earls of Severn. That watch belonged to the last lord, and was given to my mother's husband, a

medical man, for his use till I came of age, when it was to be given to me. It was all the fortune that ever I

inherited. That watch has regulated imperial interests in its time the stately ceremonial, the courtly

"But, Sergeant Troy, I cannot take this I cannot!" she exclaimed, with roundeyed wonder. "A gold

The sergeant retreated to avoid receiving back his gift, which she held out persistently towards him.

"Keep it do, Miss Everdene keep it!" said the erratic child of impulse. "The fact of your possessing it

makes it worth ten times as much to me. A more plebeian one will answer my purpose just as well, and the

pleasure of knowing whose heart my old one beats against well, I won't speak of that. It is in far worthier

"But indeed I can't have it!" she said, in a perfect simmer of distress. "Oh, how can you do such a thing; that

is if you really mean it! Give me your dead father's watch, and such a valuable one! You should not be so

"I loved my father: good; but better, I love you more. That's how I can do it," said the sergeant, with an

intonation of such exquisite fidelity to nature that it was evidently not all acted now. Her beauty, which,

whilst it had been quiescent, he had praised in jest, had in its animated phases moved him to earnest; and

though his seriousness was less than she imagined, it was probably more than he imagined himself.

Bathsheba was brimming with agitated bewilderment, and she said, in halfsuspicious accents of feeling,

"Can it be! Oh, how can it be, that you care for me, and so suddenly! You have seen so little of me: I may not

be really so so nicelooking as I seem to you. Please, do take it; Oh, do! I cannot and will not have it.

Believe me, your generosity is too great. I have never done you a single kindness, and why should you be so

A factitious reply had been again upon his lips, but it was again suspended, and he looked at her with an

arrested eye. The truth was, that as she now stood excited, wild, and honest as the day her alluring

beauty bore out so fully the epithets he had bestowed upon it that he was quite startled at his temerity in

advancing them as false. He said mechanically, "Ah, why?" and continued to look at her.

"And my workfolk see me following you about the field, and are wondering. Oh, this is dreadful!" she went

"I did not quite mean you to accept it at first, for it was my one poor patent of nobility," he broke out, bluntly;

"but, upon my soul, I wish you would now. Without any shamming, come! Don't deny me the happiness of

wearing it for my sake? But you are too lovely even to care to be kind as others are."

"Let it be, then, let it be," he said, receiving back the watch at last; "I must be leaving you now. And will you

"Indeed I will. Yet, I don't know if I will! Oh, why did you come and disturb me so!"

"Perhaps in setting a gin, I have caught myself. Such things have happened. Well, will you let me work in

The sergeant brought his hand to the cap on the slope of his head, saluted, and returned to the distant group of

Bathsheba could not face the haymakers now. Her heart erratically flitting hither and thither from perplexed

excitement, hot, and almost tearful, she retreated homeward, murmuring, Oh, what have I done! What does it

THE Weatherbury bees were late in their swarming this year. It was in the latter part of June, and the day

after the interview with Troy in the hayfield, that Bathsheba was standing in her garden, watching a swarm in

the air and guessing their probable settling place. Not only were they late this year, but unruly. Sometimes

throughout a whole season all the swarms would alight on the lowest attainable bough such as part of a

currantbush or espalier apple tree; next year they would, with just the same unanimity, make straight off to

the uppermost member of some tall, gaunt costard, or quarrenden, and there defy all invaders who did not

This was the case at present. Bathsheba's eyes, shaded by one hand, were following the ascending multitude

against the unexplorable stretch of blue till they ultimately halted by one of the unwieldy trees spoken of. A

process somewhat analogous to that of alleged formations of the universe, time and times ago, was

observable. The bustling swarm had swept the sky in a scattered and uniform haze, which now thickened to a

nebulous centre: this glided on to a bough and grew still denser, till it formed a solid black spot upon the

The men and women being all busily engaged in saving the hay even Liddy had left the house for the

purpose of lending a hand Bathsheba resolved to hive the bees herself, if possible. She had dressed the

hive with herbs and honey, fetched a ladder, brush, and crook, made herself impregnable with armour of

leather gloves, straw hat, and large gauze veil once green but now faded to snuff colour and ascended a

dozen rungs of the ladder. At once she heard, not ten yards off, a voice that was beginning to have a strange

Bathsheba flung down the brush, crook, and empty hive, pulled the skirt of her dress tightly round her ankles

in a tremendous flurry, and as well as she could slid down the ladder. By the time she reached the bottom

She found her voice in a minute. "What! and will you shake them in for me?" she asked, in what, for a defiant

girl, was a faltering way; though, for a timid girl, it would have seemed a brave way enough.

"Will I!" said Troy. "Why, of course I will. How blooming you are today!" Troy flung down his cane and

"Ah, yes. I must put on the veil and gloves. Will you kindly show me how to fix them properly?"

"And you must have the broadbrimmed hat, too, for your cap has no brim to keep the veil off, and they'd

So a whimsical fate ordered that her hat should be taken off veil and all attached and placed upon his

head, Troy tossing his own into a gooseberry bush. Then the veil had to be tied at its lower edge round his

He looked such an extraordinary object in this guise that, flurried as she was, she could not avoid laughing

outright. It was the removal of yet another stake from the palisade of cold manners which had kept him off.

Bathsheba looked on from the ground whilst he was busy sweeping and shaking the bees from the tree,

holding up the hive with the other hand for them to fall into. She made use of an unobserved minute whilst

his attention was absorbed in the operation to arrange her plumes a little. He came down holding the hive at

"Upon my life," said Troy, through the veil, "holding up this hive makes one's arm ache worse than a week of

sword exercise." When the manoeuvre was complete he approached her. "Would you be good enough to

To hide her embarrassment during the unwonted process of untying the string about his neck, she said:

Bathsheba hesitated. She had heard wondrous reports from time to time by dwellers in Weatherbury, who had

by chance sojourned awhile in Casterbridge, near the barracks, of this strange and glorious performance, the

swordexercise. Men and boys who had peeped through chinks or over walls into the barrackyard returned

with accounts of its being the most flashing affair conceivable; accoutrements and weapons glistening like

stars here, there, around yet all by rule and compass. So she said mildly what she felt strongly.

"Yes, I know; and I have no sword here; but I think I could get one by the evening. Now, will you do this?"

"Oh no, indeed!" said Bathsheba, blushing." Thank you very much, but I couldn't on any account.

She shook her head, but with a weakened negation. "If I were to," she said, "I must bring Liddy too. Might I

An unconscious look of assent in Bathsheba's eyes betrayed that something more than his coldness had made

her also feel that Liddy Would be superfluous in the suggested scene. She had felt it, even whilst making the

"Well, I won't bring Liddy and I'll come. But only for a very short time," she added; "a very short time."

THE hill opposite Bathsheba's dwelling extended, a mile off, into an uncultivated tract of land, dotted at this

season with tall thickets of brake fern, plump and diaphanous from recent rapid growth, and radiant in hues of

At eight o'clock this midsummer evening, whilst the bristling ball of gold in the west still swept the tips of the

ferns with its long, luxuriant rays, a soft brushingby of garments might have been heard among them, and

Bathsheba appeared in their midst, their soft, feathery arms caressing her up to her shoulders. She paused,

turned, went back over the hill and halfway to her own door, whence she cast a farewell glance upon the

She saw a dim spot of artificial red moving round the shoulder of the rise. It disappeared on the other side.

She waited one minute two minutes thought of Troy's disappointment at her nonfulfilment of a

promised engagement, till she again ran along the field, clambered over the bank, and followed the original

direction. She was now literally trembling and panting at this her temerity in such an errant undertaking; her

breath came and went quickly, and her eyes shone with an infrequent light. Yet go she must. She reached

the verge of a pit in the middle of the ferns. Troy stood in the bottom, looking up towards her.

"I heard you rustling through the fern before I saw you," he said, coming up and giving her his hand to help

The pit was a saucershaped concave, naturally formed, with a top diameter of about thirty feet, and shallow

enough to allow the sunshine to reach their heads. Standing in the centre, the sky overhead was met by a

circular horizon of fern: this grew nearly to the bottom of the slope and then abruptly ceased. The middle

within the belt of verdure was floored with a thick flossy carpet of moss and grass intermingled, so yielding

"Now," said Troy, producing the sword, which, as he raised it into the sunlight, gleamed a sort of greeting,

like a living thing, "first, we have four right and four left cuts; four right and four left thrusts. Infantry cuts

and guards are more interesting than ours, to my mind; but they are not so swashing. They have seven cuts

and three thrusts. So much as a preliminary. Well, next, our cut one is as if you were sowing your corn

so." Bathsheba saw a sort of rainbow, upside down in the air, and Troy's arm was still again. "Cut two, as if

you were hedging so. Three, as if you were reaping so. Four, as if you were threshing in that way.

Then the same on the left. The thrusts are these: one, two, three, four, right; one, two, three, four, left." He

She hurriedly interrupted: "I'd rather not; though I don't mind your twos and fours; but your ones and threes

"Very well. I'll let you off the ones and threes. Next, cuts, points and guards altogether," Troy duly exhibited

them. "Then there's pursuing practice, in this way." He gave the movements as before. "There, those are the

stereotyped forms. The infantry have two most diabolical upward cuts, which we are too humane to use. Like

"They are rather deathy. Now I'll be more interesting, and let you see some loose play giving all the cuts

and points, infantry and cavalry, quicker than lightning, and as promiscuously with just enough rule to

regulate instinct and yet not to fetter it. You are my antagonist, with this difference from real warfare, that I

shall miss you every time by one hair's breadth, or perhaps two. Mind you don't flinch, whatever you do."

Bathsheba's adventurous spirit was beginning to find some grains of relish in these highly novel proceedings.

"Now just to learn whether you have pluck enough to let me do what I wish, I'll give you a preliminary test."

He flourished the sword by way of introduction number two, and the next thing of which she was conscious

was that the point and blade of the sword were darting with a gleam towards her left side, just above her hip;

then of their reappearance on her right side, emerging as it were from between her ribs, having apparently

passed through her body. The third item of consciousness was that of seeing the same sword, perfectly clean

and free from blood held vertically in Troy's hand (in the position technically called "recover swords"). All

"Oh!" she cried out in affright, pressing her hand to her side." Have you run me through? no, you have

"I have not touched you," said Troy, quietly. "It was mere sleight of hand. The sword passed behind you.

Now you are not afraid, are you? Because if you are l can't perform. I give my word that l will not only not

In an instant the atmosphere was transformed to Bathsheba's eyes. Beams of light caught from the low sun's

rays, above, around, in front of her, wellnigh shut out earth and heaven all emitted in the marvellous

evolutions of Troy's reflecting blade, which seemed everywhere at once, and yet nowhere specially. These

circling gleams were accompanied by a keen rush that was almost a whistling also springing from all sides

of her at once. In short, she was enclosed in a firmament of light, and of sharp hisses, resembling a skyfull

Never since the broadsword became the national weapon had there been more dexterity shown in its

management than by the hands of Sergeant Troy, and never had he been in such splendid temper for the

performance as now in the evening sunshine among the ferns with Bathsheba. It may safely be asserted with

respect to the closeness of his cuts, that had it been possible for the edge of the sword to leave in the air a

permanent substance wherever it flew past, the space left untouched would have been almost a mould of

Behind the luminous streams of this AURORA MILITARIS, she could see the hue of Troy's sword arm,

spread in a scarlet haze over the space covered by its motions, like a twanged harpstring, and behind all Troy

himself, mostly facing her; sometimes, to show the rear cuts, half turned away, his eye nevertheless always

keenly measuring her breadth and outline, and his lips tightly closed in sustained effort. Next, his movements

lapsed slower, and she could see them individually. The hissing of the sword had ceased, and he stopped

"That outer loose lock of hair wants tidying, he said, before she had moved or spoken. "Wait: I'll do it for

An arc of silver shone on her right side: the sword had descended. The lock droped to the ground.

"Bravely borne!" said Troy. "You didn't flinch a shade's thickness. Wonderful in a woman!"

"I won't touch you at all not even your hair. I am only going to kill that caterpillar settling on you. Now:

It appeared that a caterpillar had come from the fern and chosen the front of her bodice as his resting place.

She saw the point glisten towards her bosom, and seemingly enter it. Bathsheba closed her eyes in the full

persuasion that she was killed at last. However, feeling just as usual, she opened them again.

"Oh no dexterity. I merely gave point to your bosom where the caterpillar was, and instead of running you

He touched the palm of his hand with the blade, and then, lifting it, showed her a thin shaving of scarfskin

"That was to get you to stand still, and so make sure of your safety. The risk of injuring you through your

"More precisely speaking, you have been within half an inch of being pared alive two hundred and

"You have been perfectly safe, nevertheless. My sword never errs." And Troy returned the weapon to the

Bathsheba, overcome by a hundred tumultuous feelings resulting from the scene, abstractedly sat down on a

"I must leave you now," said Troy, softly. "And I'll venture to take and keep this in remembrance of you."

She saw him stoop to the grass, pick up the winding lock which he had severed from her manifold tresses,

twist it round his fingers, unfasten a button in the breast of his coat, and carefully put it inside. She felt

powerless to withstand or deny him. He was altogether too much for her, and Bathsheba seemed as one who,

facing a reviving wind, finds it blow so strongly that it stops the breath. He drew near and said, "I must be

He drew nearer still. A minute later and she saw his scarlet form disappear amid the ferny thicket, almost in a

That minute's interval had brought the blood beating into her face, set her stinging as if aflame to the very

hollows of her feet, and enlarged emotion to a compass which quite swamped thought. It had brought upon

her a stroke resulting, as did that of Moses in Horeb, in a liquid stream here a stream of tears. She felt like

The circumstance had been the gentle dip of Troy's mouth downwards upon her own. He had kissed her.

WE now see the element of folly distinctly mingling with the many varying particulars which made up the

character of Bathsheba Everdene. It was almost foreign to her intrinsic nature. Introduced as lymph on the

dart of Eros, it eventually permeated and coloured her whole constitution. Bathsheba, though she had too

much understanding to be entirely governed by her womanliness, had too much womanliness to use her

understanding to the best advantage. Perhaps in no minor point does woman astonish her helpmate more than

in the strange power she possesses of believing cajoleries that she knows to be false except, indeed, in that

Bathsheba loved Troy in the way that only selfreliant women love when they abandon their selfreliance.

When a strong woman recklessly throws away her strength she is worse than a weak woman who has never

had any strength to throw away. One source of her inadequacy is the novelty of the occasion. She has never

had practice in making the best of such a condition. Weakness is doubly weak by being new.

Bathsheba was not conscious of guile in this matter. Though in one sense a woman of the world, it was, after

all, that world of daylight coteries and green carpets wherein cattle form the passing crowd and winds the

busy hum; where a quiet family of rabbits or hares lives on the other side of your partywall, where your

neighbour is everybody in the tything, and where calculation is confined to marketdays. Of the fabricated

tastes of good fashionable society she knew but little, and of the formulated selfindulgence of bad, nothing

at all. Had her utmost thoughts in this direction been distinctly worded (and by herself they never were), they

would only have amounted to such a matter as that she felt her impulses to be pleasanter guides than her

discretion. Her love was entire as a child's, and though warm as summer it was fresh as spring. Her

culpability lay in her making no attempt to control feeling by subtle and careful inquiry into consciences. She

And Troy's deformities lay deep down from a woman's vision, whilst his embellishments were upon the very

surface; thus contrasting with homely Oak, whose defects were patent to the blindest, and whose virtues were

The difference between love and respect was markedly shown in her conduct. Bathsheba had spoken of her

interest in Boldwood with the greatest freedom to Liddy, but she had only communed with her own heart

All this infatuation Gabriel saw, and was troubled thereby from the time of his daily journey afield to the

time of his return, and on to the small hours of many a night. That he was not beloved had hitherto been his

great sorrow; that Bathsheba was getting into the toils was now a sorrow greater than the first, and one which

nearly obscured it. It was a result which paralleled the oftquoted observation of Hippocrates concerning

That is a noble though perhaps an unpromising love which not even the fear of breeding aversion in the

bosom of the one beloved can deter from combating his or her errors. Oak determined to speak to his

mistress. He would base his appeal on what he considered her unfair treatment of Farmer Boldwood, now

An opportunity occurred one evening when she had gone for a short walk by a path through the neighbouring

cornfields. It was dusk when Oak, who had not been far afield that day, took the same path and met her

The wheat was now tall, and the path was narrow; thus the way was quite a sunken groove between the

embowing thicket on either side. Two persons could not walk abreast without damaging the crop, and Oak

"I thought I would come to meet you, as it is rather late," said Oak, turning and following at her heels when

Now Oak, with marvellous ingenuity, had been going to introduce the gallant sergeant through the channel of

"bad characters." But all at once the scheme broke down, it suddenly occurring to him that this was rather a

"And as the man who would naturally come to meet you is away from home, too I mean Farmer

"Ah, yes." She walked on without turning her head, and for many steps nothing further was heard from her

quarter than the rustle of her dress against the heavy cornears. Then she resumed rather tartly

"I don't quite understand what you meant by saying that Mr. Boldwood would naturally come to meet me."

I meant on account of the wedding which they say is likely to take place between you and him, miss. Forgive

"They say what is not true." she returned quickly. No marriage is likely to take place between us."

Gabriel now put forth his unobscured opinion, for the moment had come. "Well, Miss Everdene," he said,

"putting aside what people say, I never in my life saw any courting if his is not a courting of you."

Bathsheba would probably have terminated the conversation there and then by flatly forbidding the subject,

had not her conscious weakness of position allured her to palter and argue in endeavours to better it.

"Since this subject has been mentioned," she said very emphatically, "I am glad of the opportunity of clearing

up a mistake which is very common and very provoking. I didn't definitely promise Mr. Boldwood anything.

I have never cared for him. I respect him, and he has urged me to marry him. But I have given him no distinct

answer. As soon as he returns I shall do so; and the answer will be that I cannot think of marrying him."

The other day they said you were trifling with him, and you almost proved that you were not; lately they have

"They do, but wrongly applied. I don't trifle with him; but then, I have nothing to do with him."

Oak was unfortunately led on to speak of Boldwood's rival in a wrong tone to her after all. "I wish you had

"Then it appears to me that Sergeant Troy does not concern us here," she said, intractably." Yet I must say

that Sergeant Troy is an educated man, and quite worthy of any woman. He is well born."

"His being higher in learning and birth than the ruck o' soldiers is anything but a proof of his worth. It show's

"I cannot see what this has to do with our conversation. Mr. Troy's course is not by any means downward;

"I believe him to have no conscience at all. And I cannot help begging you, miss, to have nothing to do with

him. Listen to me this once only this once! I don't say he's such a bad man as I have fancied I pray to

God he is not. But since we don't exactly know what he is, why not behave as if he MIGHT be bad, simply

"I like soldiers, but this one I do not like," he said, sturdily. "His cleverness in his calling may have tempted

him astray, and what is mirth to the neighbours is ruin to the woman. When he tries to talk to 'ee again, why

not turn away with a short "Good day"; and when you see him coming one way, turn the other. When he says

anything laughable, fail to see the point and don't smile, and speak of him before those who will report your

talk as "that fantastical man," or "that Sergeant What'shisname." "That man of a family that has come to

the dogs." Don't be unmannerly towards en, but harmlessuncivil, and so get rid of the man."

"I say I say again that it doesn't become you to talk about him. Why he should be mentioned passes me

quite!" she exclaimed desperately. "I know this, thththat he is a thoroughly conscientious man blunt

sometimes even to rudeness but always speaking his mind about you plain to your face!"

"He is as good as anybody in this parish! He is very particular, too, about going to church yes, he is!"

"The reason of that is," she said eagerly, "that he goes in privately by the old tower door, just when the

This supreme instance of Troy's goodness fell upon Gabriel ears like the thirteenth stroke of crazy clock. It

was not only received with utter incredulity as regarded itself, but threw a doubt on all the assurances that had

Oak was grieved to find how entirely she trusted him. He brimmed with deep feeling as he replied in a steady

voice, the steadiness of which was spoilt by the palpableness of his great effort to keep it so:

"You know, mistress, that I love you, and shall love you always. I only mention this to bring to your mind

that at any rate I would wish to do you no harm: beyond that I put it aside. I have lost in the race for money

and good things, and I am not such a fool as to pretend to 'ee now I am poor, and you have got altogether

above me. But Bathsheba, dear mistress, this I beg you to consider that, both to keep yourself well

honoured among the workfolk, and in common generosity to an honourable man who loves you as well as I,

"Are ye not more to me than my own affairs, and even life!" he went on. "Come, listen to me! I am six years

older than you, and Mr. Boldwood is ten years older than I, and consider I do beg of 'ee to consider before

Oak's allusion to his own love for her lessened, to some extent, her anger at his interference; but she could not

really forgive him for letting his wish to marry her be eclipsed by his wish to do her good, any more than for

"I wish you to go elsewhere," she commanded, a paleness of face invisible to the eye being suggested by the

trembling words. "Do not remain on this farm any longer. I don't want you I beg you to go!"

"That's nonsense," said Oak, calmly. "This is the second time you have pretended to dismiss me; and what's

"Pretended! You shall go, sir your lecturing I will not hear! I am mistress here."

"Go, indeed what folly will you say next? Treating me like Dick, Tom and Harry when you know that a

short time ago my position was as good as yours! Upon my life, Bathsheba, it is too barefaced. You know,

too, that I can't go without putting things in such a strait as you wouldn't get out of I can't tell when. Unless,

indeed, you'll promise to have an understanding man as bailiff, or manager, or something. I'll go at once if

"I shall have no bailiff; I shall continue to be my own manager," she said decisively.

"Very well, then; you should be thankful to me for biding. How would the farm go on with nobody to mind it

but a woman? But mind this, I don't wish 'ee to feel you owe me anything. Not I. What I do, I do. Sometimes

I say I should be as glad as a bird to leave the place for don't suppose I'm content to be a nobody. I was

made for better things. However, I don't like to see your concerns going to ruin, as they must if you keep in

this mind.... I hate taking my own measure so plain, but, upon my life, your provoking ways make a man say

what he wouldn't dream of at other times! I own to being rather interfering. But you know well enough how it

is, and who she is that I like too well, and feel too much like a fool about to be civil to her!"

It is more than probable that she privately and unconsciously respected him a little for this grim fidelity,

which had been shown in his tone even more than in his words. At any rate she murmured something to the

effect that he might stay if he wished. She said more distinctly, "Will you leave me alone now? I don't order it

as a mistress I ask it as a woman, and I expect you not to be so uncourteous as to refuse."

"Certainly I will, Miss Everdene," said Gabriel, gently. He wondered that the request should have come at

this moment, for the strife was over, and they were on a most desolate hill, far from every human habitation,

and the hour was getting late. He stood still and allowed her to get far ahead of him till he could only see her

A distressing explanation of this anxiety to be rid of him at that point now ensued. A figure apparently rose

from the earth beside her. The shape beyond all doubt was Troy's. Oak would not be even a possible listener,

and at once turned back till a good two hundred yards were between the lovers and himself.

Gabriel went home by way of the churchyard. In passing the tower he thought of what she had said about the

sergeant's virtuous habit of entering the church unperceived at the beginning of service. Believing that the

little gallery door alluded to was quite disused, he ascended the external flight of steps at the top of which it

stood, and examined it. The pale lustre yet hanging in the northwestern heaven was sufficient to show that a

sprig of ivy had grown from the wall across the door to a length of more than a foot, delicately tying the panel

to the stone jamb. It was a decisive proof that the door had not been opened at least since Troy came back to

HALF an hour later Bathsheba entered her own house. There burnt upon her face when she met the light of

the candles the flush and excitement which were little less than chronic with her now. The farewell words of

Troy, who had accompanied her to the very door, still lingered in her ears. He had bidden her adieu for two

days, which were so he stated, to be spent at Bath in visiting some friends. He had also kissed her a second

It is only fair to Bathsheba to explain here a little fact which did not come to light till a long time afterwards:

that Troy's presentation of himself so aptly at the roadside this evening was not by any distinctly preconcerted

arrangement. He had hinted she had forbidden; and it was only on the chance of his still coming that she

She now sank down into a chair, wild and perturbed by all these new and fevering sequences. Then she

In three minutes, without pause or modification, she had written a letter to Boldwood, at his address beyond

Casterbridge, saying mildly but firmly that she had well considered the whole subject he had brought before

her and kindly given her time to decide upon; that her final decision was that she could not marry him. She

had expressed to Oak an intention to wait till Boldwood came home before communicating to him her

It was impossible to send this letter till the next day; yet to quell her uneasiness by getting it out of her hands,

and so, as it were, setting the act in motion at once, she arose to take it to any one of the women who might

She paused in the passage. A dialogue was going on in the kitchen, and Bathsheba and Troy were the subject

"'Twill be a gallant life, but may bring some trouble between the mirth so say I."

Bathsheba had too much sense to mind seriously what her servitors said about her; but too much womanly

redundance of speech to leave alone what was said till it died the natural death of unminded things. She burst

There was a pause before anybody replied. At last Liddy said frankly, "What was passing was a bit of a word

"I thought so! Maryann and Liddy and Temperance now I forbid you to suppose such things. You know I

don't care the least for Mr. Troy not I. Everybody knows how much I hate him. Yes," repeated the

"Maryann Oh you perjured woman! How can you speak that wicked story!" said Bathsheba, excitedly.

"You admired him from your heart only this morning in the very world, you did. Yes, Maryann, you know

"Yes, miss, but so did you. He is a wild scamp now, and you are right to hate him."

"He's NOT a wild scamp! How dare you to my face! I have no right to hate him, nor you, nor anybody. But I

am a silly woman! What is it to me what he is? You know it is nothing. I don't care for him; I don't mean to

defend his good name, not I. Mind this, if any of you say a word against him you'll be dismissed instantly!"

She flung down the letter and surged back into the parlour, with a big heart and tearful eyes, Liddy following

"Oh miss!" said mild Liddy, looking pitifully into Bathsheba's face. "I am sorry we mistook you so! I did

Liddy closed the door, and went on: "People always say such foolery, miss. I'll make answer hencefor'ard, 'Of

course a lady like Miss Everdene can't love him'; I'll say it out in plain black and white."

Bathsheba burst out: "O Liddy, are you such a simpleton? Can't you read riddles? Can't you see? Are you a

"Yes; you must be a blind thing, Liddy!" she said, in reckless abandonment and grief. "Oh, I love him to very

distraction and misery and agony! Don't be frightened at me, though perhaps I am enough to frighten any

innocent woman. Come closer closer." She put her arms round Liddy's neck. "I must let it out to

somebody; it is wearing me away! Don't you yet know enough of me to see through that miserable denial of

mine? O God, what a lie it was! Heaven and my Love forgive me. And don't you know that a woman who

loves at all thinks nothing of perjury when it is balanced against her love? There, go out of the room; I want

"Liddy, come here. Solemnly swear to me that he's not a fast man; that it is all lies they say about him!"

"You graceless girl! How can you have the cruel heart to repeat what they say? Unfeeling thing that you

are.... But I'LL see if you or anybody else in the village, or town either, dare do such a thing!" She started off,

"No, miss. I don't I know it is not true!" said Liddy, frightened at Bathsheba's unwonted vehemence.

I suppose you only agree with me like that to please me. But, Liddy, he CANNOT BE had, as is said. Do you

"I don't know what to say, miss," said Liddy, beginning to cry. "If I say No, you don't believe me; and if I say

"He is not had at all.... My poor life and heart, how weak I am!" she moaned, in a relaxed, desultory way,

heedless of Liddy's presence. "Oh, how I wish I had never seen him! Loving is misery for women always. I

shall never forgive God for making me a woman, and dearly am I beginning to pay for the honour of owning

a pretty face." She freshened and turned to Liddy suddenly. "Mind this, Lydia Smallbury, if you repeat

anywhere a single word of what I have said to you inside this closed door, I'll never trust you, or love you, or

"I don't want to repeat anything," said Liddy, with womanly dignity of a diminutive order; "but I don't wish to

stay with you. And, if you please, I'll go at the end of the harvest, or this week, or today.... I don't see that I

deserve to be put upon and stormed at for nothing!" concluded the small woman, bigly.

"No, no, Liddy; you must stay!" said Bathsheba, dropping from haughtiness to entreaty with capricious

inconsequence. "You must not notice my being in a taking just now. You are not as a servant you are a

companion to me. Dear, dear I don't know what I am doing since this miserable ache o'! my heart has

weighted and worn upon me so! What shall I come to! I suppose I shall get further and further into troubles. I

wonder sometimes if I am doomed to die in the Union. I am friendless enough, God knows!"

"I won't notice anything, nor will I leave you!" sobbed Liddy, impulsively putting up her lips to Bathsheba's,

"I don't often cry, do I, Lidd? but you have made tears come into my eyes," she said, a smile shining through

"He is a sort of steady man in a wild way, you know. That's better than to be as some are, wild in a steady

way. I am afraid that's how I am. And promise me to keep my secret do, Liddy! And do not let them know

that I have been crying about him, because it will be dreadful for me, and no good to him, poor thing!"

"Death's head himself shan't wring it from me, mistress, if I've a mind to keep anything; and I'll always be

your friend," replied Liddy, emphatically, at the same time bringing a few more tears into her own eyes, not

from any particular necessity, but from an artistic sense of making herself in keeping with the remainder of

the picture, which seems to influence women at such times. "I think God likes us to be good friends, don't

"And, dear miss, you won't harry me and storm at me, will you? because you seem to swell so tall as a lion

then, and it frightens me! Do you know, I fancy you would be a match for any man when you are in one o'

"Never! do you?" said Bathsheba, slightly laughing, though somewhat seriously alarmed by this Amazonian

picture of herself. "I hope I am not a bold sort of maid mannish?" she continued with some anxiety.

"Oh no, not mannish; but so almighty womanish that 'tis getting on that way sometimes. Ah! miss," she said,

after having drawn her breath very sadly in and sent it very sadly out, "I wish I had half your failing that way.

THE next evening Bathsheba, with the idea of getting out of the way of Mr. Boldwood in the event of his

returning to answer her note in person, proceeded to fulfil an engagement made with Liddy some few hours

earlier. Bathsheba's companion, as a gage of their reconciliation, had been granted a week's holiday to visit

her sister, who was married to a thriving hurdler and cattlecribmaker living in a delightful labyrinth of

hazel copse not far beyond Yalbury. The arrangement was that Miss Everdene should honour them by

coming there for a day or two to inspect some ingenious contrivances which this man of the woods had

Leaving her instructions with Gabriel and Maryann, that they were to see everything carefully locked up for

the night, she went out of the house just at the close of a timely thundershower, which had refined the air,

and daintily bathed the coat of the land, though all beneath was dry as ever. Freshness was exhaled in an

essence from the varied contours of bank and hollow, as if the earth breathed maiden breath; and the pleased

birds were hymning to the scene. Before her, among the clouds, there was a contrast in the shape of lairs of

fierce light which showed themselves in the neighbourhood of a hidden sun, lingering on to the farthest

She had walked nearly two miles of her journey, watching how the day was retreating, and thinking how the

time of deeds was quietly melting into the time of thought, to give place in its turn to the time of prayer and

sleep, when she beheld advancing over Yalbury hill the very man she sought so anxiously to elude.

Boldwood was stepping on, not with that quiet tread of reserved strength which was his customary gait, in

which he always seemed to be balancing two thoughts. His manner was stunned and sluggish now.

Boldwood had for the first time been awakened to woman's privileges in tergiversation even when it involves

another person's possible blight. That Bathsheba was a firm and positive girl, far less inconsequent than her

fellows, had been the very lung of his hope; for he had held that these qualities would lead her to adhere to a

straight course for consistency's sake, and accept him, though her fancy might not flood him with the

iridescent hues of uncritical love. But the argument now came back as sorry gleams from a broken mirror.

He came on looking upon the ground, and did not see Bathsheba till they were less than a stone's throw apart.

He looked up at the sound of her pitpat, and his changed appearance sufficiently denoted to her the depth

"Oh; is it you, Mr. Boldwood?" she faltered, a guilty warmth pulsing in her face.

Those who have the power of reproaching in silence may find it a means more effective than words. There

are accents in the eye which are not on the tongue, and more tales come from pale lips than can enter an ear.

It is both the grandeur and the pain of the remoter moods that they avoid the pathway of sound. Boldwood's

"I fancied you looked so," said he. "And it is most strange, because of its contrast with my feeling for you.

"You know what that feeling is," continued Boldwood, deliberately. "A thing strong as death. No dismissal

"I wish you did not feel so strongly about me," she murmured. "It is generous of you, and more than I

"Hear it? What do you think I have to say, then? I am not to marry you, and that's enough. Your letter was

Bathsheba was unable to direct her will into any definite groove for freeing herself from this fearfully and

"Oh, Bathsheba have pity upon me!" Boldwood burst out. "God's sake, yes I am come to that low,

Bathsheba commanded herself well. But she could hardly get a clear voice for what came instinctively to her

lips: "There is little honour to the woman in that speech." It was only whispered, for something unutterably

mournful no less than distressing in this spectacle of a man showing himself to be so entirely the vane of a

"I am beyond myself about this, and am mad," he said. "I am no stoic at all to he supplicating here; but I do

supplicate to you. I wish you knew what is in me of devotion to you; but it is impossible, that. In bare human

"I don't throw you off indeed, how can I? I never had you." In her noonclear sense that she had never

loved him she forgot for a moment her thoughtless angle on that day in February.

"But there was a time when you turned to me, before I thought of you! I don't reproach you, for even now I

feel that the ignorant and cold darkness that I should have lived in if you had not attracted me by that letter

valentine you call it would have been worse than my knowledge of you, though it has brought this

misery. But, I say, there was a time when I knew nothing of you, and cared nothing for you, and yet you drew

me on. And if you say you gave me no encouragement, I cannot but contradict you."

"What you call encouragement was the childish game of an idle minute. I have bitterly repented of it ay,

"I don't accuse you of it I deplore it. I took for earnest what you insist was jest, and now this that I pray to

be jest you say is awful, wretched earnest. Our moods meet at wrong places. I wish your feeling was more

like mine, or my feeling more like yours! Oh, could I but have foreseen the torture that trifling trick was

going to lead me into, how I should have cursed you; but only having been able to see it since, I cannot do

that, for I love you too well! But it is weak, idle drivelling to go on like this.... Bathsheba, you are the first

woman of any shade or nature that I have ever looked at to love, and it is the having been so near claiming

you for my own that makes this denial so hard to bear. How nearly you promised me! But I don't speak now

to move your heart, and make you grieve because of my pain; it is no use, that. I must bear it; my pain would

"Do no such thing do no such thing. Your dear love, Bathsheba, is such a vast thing beside your pity, that

the loss of your pity as well as your love is no great addition to my sorrow, nor does the gain of your pity

make it sensibly less. O sweet how dearly you spoke to me behind the spearbed at the washingpool,

and in the barn at the shearing, and that dearest last time in the evening at your home! Where are your

pleasant words all gone your earnest hope to be able to love me? Where is your firm conviction that you

She checked emotion, looked him quietly and clearly in the face, and said in her low, firm voice, "Mr.

Boldwood, I promised you nothing. Would you have had me a woman of clay when you paid me that

furthest, highest compliment a man can pay a woman telling her he loves her? I was bound to show some

feeling, if l would not be a graceless shrew. Yet each of those pleasures was just for the day the day just

for the pleasure. How was I to know that what is a pastime to all other men was death to you? Have reason,

"Well, never mind arguing never mind. One thing is sure: you were all but mine, and now you are not

nearly mine. Everything is changed, and that by you alone, remember. You were nothing to me once, and I

was contented; you are now nothing to me again, and how different the second nothing is from the first!

Bathsheba, in spite of her mettle, began to feel un mistakable signs that she was inherently the weaker

vessel. She strove miserably against this feminity which would insist upon supplying unbidden emotions in

stronger and stronger current. She had tried to elude agitation by fixing her mind on the trees, sky, any trivial

object before her eyes, whilst his reproaches fell, but ingenuity could not save her now.

"I did not take you up surely I did not!" she answered as heroically as she could. "But don't be in this

mood with me. I can endure being told I am in the wrong, if you will only tell it me gently! O sir, will you not

"Cheerfully! Can a man fooled to utter heartburning find a reason for being merry? If I have lost, how can I

be as if I had won? Heavens you must be heartless quite! Had I known what a fearfully bitter sweet this was

to be, how would I have avoided you, and never seen you, and been deaf of you. I tell you all this, but what

She returned silent and weak denials to his charges, and swayed her head desperately, as if to thrust away the

words as they came showering about her ears from the lips of the trembling man in the climax of life, with his

"Dearest, dearest, I am wavering even now between the two opposites of recklessly renouncing you, and

labouring humbly for you again. Forget that you have said No, and let it be as it was! Say, Bathsheba, that

"It would be untrue, and painful to both of us. You overrate my capacity for love. I don't possess half the

warmth of nature you believe me to have. An unprotected childhood in a cold world has beaten gentleness out

He immediately said with more resentment: "That may be true, somewhat; but ah, Miss Everdene, it won't do

as a reason! You are not the cold woman you would have me believe. No, no! It isn't because you have no

feeling in you that you don't love me. You naturally would have me think so you would hide from me that

you have a burning heart like mine. You have love enough, but it is turned into a new channel. I know

The swift music of her heart became hubbub now, and she throbbed to extremity. He was coming to Troy. He

did then know what had occurred! And the name fell from his lips the next moment.

"Why did Troy not leave my treasure alone?" he asked, fiercely. "When I had no thought of injuring him,

why did he force himself upon your notice! Before he worried you your inclination was to have me; when

next I should have come to you your answer would have been Yes. Can you deny it I ask, can you deny

She delayed the reply, but was to honest to with hold it. "I cannot," she whispered.

"I know you cannot. But he stole in in my absence and robbed me. Why did't he win you away before, when

nobody would have been grieved? when nobody would have been set talebearing. Now the people sneer

at me the very hills and sky seem to laugh at me till I blush shamefuly for my folly. I have lost my respect,

my good name, my standing lost it, never to get it again. Go and marry your man go on!"

"You may as well. I have no further claim upon you. As for me, I had better go somewhere alone, and hide

and pray. I loved a woman once. I am now ashamed. When I am dead they'll say, Miserable lovesick

man that he was. Heaven heaven if I had got jilted secretly, and the dishonour not known, and my

position kept! But no matter, it is gone, and the woman not gained. Shame upon him shame!"

His unreasonable anger terrified her, and she glided from him, without obviously moving, as she said, "I am

"All the time you knew how very well you knew that your new freak was my misery. Dazzled by brass

She fired up at once. "You are taking too much upon yourself!" she said, vehemently. "Everybody is upon me

everybody. It is unmanly to attack a woman so! I have nobody in the world to fight my battles for me; but

no mercy is shown. Yet if a thousand of you sneer and say things against me, I WILL NOT be put down!"

"You'll chatter with him doubtless about me. Say to him, "Boldwood would have died for me." Yes, and you

have given way to him, knowing him to be not the man for you. He has kissed you claimed you as his. Do

The most tragic woman is cowed by a tragic man, and although Boldwood was, in vehemence and glow,

nearly her own self rendered into another sex, Bathsheba's cheek quivered. She gasped, "Leave me, sir

"He has," she said, slowly, and, in spite of her fear, defiantly. "I am not ashamed to speak the truth."

"Then curse him; and curse him!" said Boldwood, breaking into a whispered fury." Whilst I would have

given worlds to touch your hand, you have let a rake come in without right or ceremony and kiss you!

Heaven's mercy kiss you! ... Ah, a time of his life shall come when he will have to repent, and think

wretchedly of the pain he has caused another man; and then may he ache, and wish, and curse, and yearn

"Don't, don't, oh, don't pray down evil upon him!" she implored in a miserable cry. "Anything but that

Boldwood's ideas had reached that point of fusion at which outline and consistency entirely disappear. The

impending night appeared to concentrate in his eye. He did not hear her at all now.

"I'll punish him by my soul, that will I! I'll meet him, soldier or no, and I'll horsewhip the untimely

stripling for this reckless theft of my one delight. If he were a hundred men I'd horsewhip him " He

dropped his voice suddenly and unnaturally. "Bathsheba, sweet, lost coquette, pardon me! I've been blaming

you, threatening you, behaving like a churl to you, when he's the greatest sinner. He stole your dear heart

away with his unfathomable lies! ... It is a fortunate thing for him that he's gone back to his regiment that

he's away up the country, and not here! I hope he may not return here just yet. I pray God he may not come

into my sight, for I may be tempted beyond myself. Oh, Bathsheba, keep him away yes, keep him away

For a moment Boldwood stood so inertly after this that his soul seemed to have been entirely exhaled with

the breath of his passionate words. He turned his face away, and withdrew, and his form was soon covered

over by the twilight as his footsteps mixed in with the low hiss of the leafy trees.

Bathsheba, who had been standing motionless as a model all this latter time, flung her hands to her face, and

wildly attempted to ponder on the exhibition which had just passed away. Such astounding wells of fevered

feeling in a still man like Mr. Boldwood were incomprehensible, dreadful. Instead of being a man trained to

The force of the farmer's threats lay in their relation to a circumstance known at present only to herself: her

lover was coming back to Weatherbury in the course of the very next day or two. Troy had not returned to his

distant barracks as Boldwood and others supposed, but had merely gone to visit some acquaintance in Bath,

She felt wretchedly certain that if he revisited her just at this nick of time, and came into contact with

Boldwood, a fierce quarrel would be the consequence. She panted with solicitude when she thought of

possible injury to Troy. The least spark would kindle the farmer's swift feelings of rage and jealousy; he

would lose his selfmastery as he had this evening; Troy's blitheness might become aggressive; it might take

the direction of derision, and Boldwood's anger might then take the direction of revenge.

With almost a morbid dread of being thought a gushing girl, this guileless woman too well concealed from

the world under a manner of carelessness the warm depths of her strong emotions. But now there was no

reserve. In her distraction, instead of advancing further she walked up and down, beating the air with her

fingers, pressing on her brow, and sobbing brokenly to herself. Then she sat down on a heap of stones by the

wayside to think. There she remained long. Above the dark margin of the earth appeared foreshores and

promontories of coppery cloud, bounding a green and pellucid expanse in the western sky. Amaranthine

glosses came over them then, and the unresting world wheeled her round to a contrasting prospect eastward,

in the shape of indecisive and palpitating stars. She gazed upon their silent throes amid the shades of space,

THE village of Weatherbury was quiet as the graveyard in its midst, and the living were lying wellnigh as

still as the dead. The church clock struck eleven. The air was so empty of other sounds that the whirr of the

clockwork immediately before the strokes was distinct, and so was also the click of the same at their close.

The notes flew forth with the usual blind obtuseness of inanimate things flapping and rebounding among

walls, undulating against the scattered clouds, spreading through their interstices into unexplored miles of

Bathsheba's crannied and mouldy halls were tonight occupied only by Maryann, Liddy being, as was stated,

with her sister, whom Bathsheba had set out to visit. A few minutes after eleven had struck, Maryann turned

in her bed with a sense of being disturbed. She was totally unconscious of the nature of the interruption to her

sleep. It led to a dream, and the dream to an awakening, with an uneasy sensation that something had

happened. She left her bed and looked out of the window. The paddock abutted on this end of the building,

and in the paddock she could just discern by the uncertain gray a moving figure approaching the horse that

was feeding there. The figure seized the horse by the forelock, and led it to the corner of the field. Here she

could see some object which circumstances proved to be a vehicle, for after a few minutes spent apparently in

harnessing, she heard the trot of the horse down the road, mingled with the sound of light wheels.

Two varieties only of humanity could have entered the paddock with the ghostlike glide of that mysterious

figure. They were a woman and a gipsy man. A woman was out of the question in such an occupation at this

hour, and the comer could be no less than a thief, who might probably have known the weakness of the

household on this particular night, and have chosen it on that account for his daring attempt. Moreover, to

Maryann, who had been afraid to shout in the robber's presence, having seen him depart had no fear. She

hastily slipped on her clothes, stumped down the disjointed staircase with its hundred creaks, ran to Coggan's,

the nearest house, and raised an alarm. Coggan called Gabriel, who now again lodged in his house as at first,

They listened. Distinct upon the stagnant air came the sounds of a trotting horse passing up Longpuddle Lane

"Mighty me! Won't mis'ess storm and call us stupids wen she comes back!" moaned Maryann. "How I wish it

"We must ride after," said Gabriel, decisively. "I'll be responsible to Miss Everdene for what we do. Yes,

"Faith, I don't see how," said Coggan. "All our horses are too heavy for that trick except little Poppet, and

what's she between two of us? If we only had that pair over the hedge we might do something."

"Then wait here till I come hither again," said Gabriel. He ran down the hill towards Farmer Boldwood's.

Less than five minutes brought up Oak again, running at the same pace, with two halters dangling from his

"Where did you find 'em?" said Coggan, turning round and leaping upon the hedge without waiting for an

"Under the eaves. I knew where they were kept," said Gabriel, following him. "Coggan, you can ride

Springing down into Boldwood's pastures, each pocketed his halter to hide it from the horses, who, seeing the

men emptyhanded, docilely allowed themselves to he seized by the mane, when the halters were

dexterously slipped on. Having neither bit nor bridle, Oak and Coggan extemporized the former by passing

the rope in each case through the animal's mouth and looping it on the other side. Oak vaulted astride, and

Coggan clambered up by aid of the bank, when they ascended to the gate and galloped off in the direction

taken by Bathsheha's horse and the robber. Whose vehicle the horse had been harnessed to was a matter of

Weatherbury Bottom was reached in three or four minutes. They scanned the shady green patch by the

"Very well; we are better mounted, and must overtake em', said Oak. "Now on at full speed!"

No sound of the rider in their van could now be discovered. The roadmetal grew softer and more rain had

wetted its surface to a somewhat plastic, but not muddy state. They came to crossroads. Coggan suddenly

"We must try to track 'em, since we can't hear 'em," said Jan, fumbling in his pockets. He struck a light, and

held the match to the ground. The rain had been heavier here, and all foot and horse tracks made previous to

the storm had been abraded and blurred by the drops, and they were now so many little scoops of water,

which reflected the flame of the match like eyes. One set of tracks was fresh and had no water in them; one

pair of ruts was also empty, and not small canals, like the others. The footprints forming this recent

impression were full of information as to pace; they were in equidistant pairs, three or four feet apart, the

"Straight on!" Jan exclaimed. "Tracks like that mean a stiff gallop. No wonder we don't hear him. And the

"Old Jimmy Harris only shoed her last week, and I'd swear to his make among ten thousand."

"The rest of the gipsies must ha' gone on earlier, or some other way," said Oak. "You saw there were no other

"True." They rode along silently for a long weary time. Coggan carried an old pinchbeck repeater which he

had inherited from some genius in his family; and it now struck one. He lighted another match, and examined

"'Tis a canter now," he said, throwing away the light. "A twisty, rickety pace for a gig. The fact is, they over

Again they hastened on, and entered Blackmore Vale. Coggan's watch struck one. When they looked again

the hoof marks were so spaced as to form a sort of zigzag if united, like the lamps along a street.

They pushed rapidly on for yet two or three miles. "Ah! a moment," said Jan. "Let's see how she was driven

up this hill. 'Twill help us." A light was promptly struck upon his gaiters as before, and the examination

"Hurrah!" said Coggan. "She walked up here and well she might. We shall get them in two miles, for a

They rode three, and listened. No sound was to be heard save a millpond trickling hoarsely through a hatch,

and suggesting gloomy possibilities of drowning by jumping in. Gabriel dismounted when they came to a

turning. The tracks were absolutely the only guide as to the direction that they now had, and great caution

was necessary to avoid confusing them with some others which had made their appearance lately.

"What does this mean? though I guess," said Gabriel, looking up at Coggan as he moved the match over

the ground about the turning. Coggan, who, no less than the panting horses, had latterly shown signs of

weariness, again scrutinized the mystic characters. This time only three were of the regular horseshoe shape.

"Yes Dainty is lamed; the nearfootafore," said Coggan slowly staring still at the footprints.

Although the road along its greater part had been as good as any turnpikeroad in the country, it was

nominally only a byway. The last turning had brought them into the high road leading to Bath. Coggan

"Sherton Turnpike. The keeper of that gate is the sleepiest man between here and London Dan Randall,

that's his name knowed en for years, when he was at Casterbridge gate. Between the lameness and the

They now advanced with extreme caution. Nothing was said until, against a shady background of foliage, five

The white bars were blotted out in the midst by a dark shape in front of them. The silence of this lonely time

It appeared that there had been a previous call which they had not noticed, for on their close approach the

door of the turnpikehouse opened, and the keeper came out halfdressed, with a candle in his hand. The

Gabriel looked at the driver of the gig, and saw a woman Bathsheba, his mistress.

On hearing his voice she had turned her face away from the light. Coggan had, however, caught sight of her

Bathsheba it certainly was, and she had by this time done the trick she could do so well in crises not of love,

"I am driving to Bath," she said, taking for her own use the assurance that Gabriel lacked. "An important

matter made it necessary for me to give up my visit to Liddy, and go off at once. What, then, were you

"Well what a thing! How very foolish of you not to know that I had taken the trap and horse. I could

neither wake Maryann nor get into the house, though I hammered for ten minutes against her windowsill.

Fortunately, I could get the key of the coachhouse, so I troubled no one further. Didn't you think it might be

"Perhaps not. Why, those are never Farmer Boldwood's horses! Goodness mercy! what have you been doing

bringing trouble upon me in this way? What! mustn't a lady move an inch from her door without being

"But how was we to know, if you left no account of your doings?" expostulated Coggan, "and ladies don't

"I did leave an account and you would have seen it in the morning. I wrote in chalk on the coachhouse

doors that I had come back for the horse and gig, and driven off; that I could arouse nobody, and should

"True," she said, and though vexed at first she had too much sense to blame them long or seriously for a

devotion to her that was as valuable as it was rare. She added with a very pretty grace, "Well, I really thank

you heartily for taking all this trouble; but I wish you had borrowed anybody's horses but Mr. Boldwood's."

"It was only a stone in her shoe. I got down and pulled it out a hundred yards back. I can manage very well,

She turned her head the gateman's candle shimmering upon her quick, clear eyes as she did so passed

through the gate, and was soon wrapped in the embowering shades of mysterious summer boughs. Coggan

and Gabriel put about their horses, and, fanned by the velvety air of this July night, retraced the road by

"Very well. We shall be home by three o'clock or so, and can creep into the parish like lambs."

Bathsheba's perturbed meditations by the roadside had ultimately evolved a conclusion that there were only

two remedies for the present desperate state of affairs. The first was merely to keep Troy away from

Weatherbury till Boldwood's indignation had cooled; the second to listen to Oak's entreaties, and Boldwood's

Alas! Could she give up this new love induce him to renounce her by saying she did not like him could

no more speak to him, and beg him, for her good, to end his furlough in Bath, and see her and Weatherbury

It was a picture full of misery, but for a while she contemplated it firmly, allowing herself, nevertheless, as

girls will, to dwell upon the happy life she would have enjoyed had Troy been Boldwood, and the path of

love the path of duty inflicting upon herself gratuitous tortures by imagining him the lover of another

woman after forgetting her; for she had penetrated Troy's nature so far as to estimate his tendencies pretty

accurately, hut unfortunately loved him no less in thinking that he might soon cease to love her indeed,

She jumped to her feet. She would see him at once. Yes, she would implore him by word of mouth to assist

her in this dilemma. A letter to keep him away could not reach him in time, even if he should be disposed to

Was Bathsheba altogether blind to the obvious fact that the support of a lover's arms is not of a kind best

calculated to assist a resolve to renounce him? Or was she sophistically sensible, with a thrill of pleasure, that

by adopting this course for getting rid of him she was ensuring a meeting with him, at any rate, once more?

It was now dark, and the hour must have been nearly ten. The only way to accomplish her purpose was to

give up her idea of visiting Liddy at Yalbury, return to Weatherbury Farm, put the horse into the gig, and

drive at once to Bath. The scheme seemed at first impossible: the journey was a fearfully heavy one, even for

a strong horse, at her own estimate; and she much underrated the distance. It was most venturesome for a

But could she go on to Liddy's and leave things to take their course? No, no; anything but that. Bathsheba

was full of a stimulating turbulence, beside which caution vainly prayed for a hearing. She turned back

Her walk was slow, for she wished not to enter Weatherbury till the cottagers were in bed, and, particularly,

till Boldwood was secure. Her plan was now to drive to Bath during the night, see Sergeant Troy in the

morning before he set out to come to her, bid him farewell, and dismiss him: then to rest the horse thoroughly

(herself to weep the while, she thought), starting early the next morning on her return journey. By this

arrangement she could trot Dainty gently all the day, reach Liddy at Yalbury in the evening, and come home

to Weatherbury with her whenever they chose so nobody would know she had been to Bath at all. Such

was Bathsheba's scheme. But in her topographical ignorance as a late comer to the place, she misreckoned the

This idea she proceeded to carry out, with what initial success we have already seen.

A WEEK passed, and there were no tidings of Bathsheba; nor was there any explanation of her Gilpin's rig.

Then a note came for Maryann, stating that the business which had called her mistress to Bath still detained

Another week passed. The oatharvest began, and all the men were afield under a monochromatic Lammas

sky, amid the trembling air and short shadows of noon. Indoors nothing was to be heard save the droning of

bluebottle flies; out ofdoors the whetting of scythes and the hiss of tressy oat ears rubbing together as

their perpendicular stalks of amberyellow fell heavily to each swath. Every drop of moisture not in the

men's bottles and flagons in the form of cider was raining as perspiration from their foreheads and cheeks.

They were about to withdraw for a while into the charitable shade of a tree in the fence, when Coggan saw a

"I hope nothing is wrong about mistress," said Maryann, who with some other women was tying the bundles

(oats being always sheafed on this farm), "but an unlucky token came to me indoors this morning. I went to

unlock the door and dropped the key, and it fell upon the stone floor and broke into two pieces. Breaking a

Oak was not bound by his agreement to assist in the corn field; but the harvest month is an anxious time for

"He's dressed up in his best clothes," said Matthew Moon. "He hev been away from home for a few days,

since he's had that felon upon his finger; for 'a said, since I can't work I'll have a hollerday."

"A good time for one a' excellent time," said Joseph Poorgrass, straightening his back; for he, like some of

the others, had a way of resting a while from his labour on such hot days for reasons preternaturally small; of

which Cain Ball's advent on a weekday in his Sundayclothes was one of the first magnitude. "Twas a bad

leg allowed me to read the PILGRIM'S PROGRESS, and Mark Clark learnt AllFours in a whitlow."

"Ay, and my father put his arm out of joint to have time to go courting," said Jan Coggan, in an eclipsing

tone, wiping his face with his shirtsleeve and thrusting back his hat upon the nape of his neck.

By this time Cainy was nearing the group of harvesters, and was perceived to be carrying a large slice of

bread and ham in one hand, from which he took mouthfuls as he ran, the other being wrapped in a bandage.

When he came close, his mouth assumed the bell shape, and he began to cough violently.

"Now, Cainy!" said Gabriel, sternly. "How many more times must I tell you to keep from running so fast

when you be eating? You'll choke yourself some day, that's what you'll do, Cain Ball."

"Hokhokhok!" replied Cain. "A crumb of my victuals went the wrong way hokhok!, That's what 'tis,

Mister Oak! And I've been visiting to Bath because I had a felon on my thumb; yes, and l've seen

Directly Cain mentioned Bath, they all threw down their hooks and forks and drew round him. Unfortunately

the erratic crumb did not improve his narrative powers, and a supplementary hindrance was that of a sneeze,

jerking from his pocket his rather large watch, which dangled in front of the young man pendulumwise.

"Yes," he continued, directing his thoughts to Bath and letting his eyes follow, "l've seed the world at last

"Bother the boy!" said Gabriel." Something is always going the wrong way down your throat, so that you

"Ahok! there! Please, Mister Oak, a gnat have just fleed into my stomach and brought the cough on again!"

"'Tis terrible bad to have a gnat fly down yer throat, pore boy!" said Matthew Moon.

"I saw our mistress," continued the junior shepherd, "and a sojer, walking along. And bymeby they got closer

and closer, and then they went armincrook, like courting complete hokhok! like courting complete

hok! courting complete " Losing the thread of his narrative at this point simultaneously with his loss

of breath, their informant looked up and down the field apparently for some clue to it. "Well, I see our mis'ess

"'Tis only my manner, Mister Oak, if ye'll excuse it," said Cain Ball, looking reproachfully at Oak, with eyes

"Here's some cider for him that'll cure his throat," said Jan Coggan, lifting a flagon of cider, pulling out

the cork, and applying the hole to Cainy's mouth; Joseph Poorgrass in the meantime beginning to think

apprehensively of the serious consequences that would follow Cainy Ball's strangulation in his cough, and the

"For my poor self, I always say 'please God' afore I do anything," said Joseph, in an unboastful voice; "and so

should you, Cain Ball. 'Tis a great safeguard, and might perhaps save you from being choked to death some

Mr. Coggan poured the liquor with unstinted liberality at the suffering Cain's circular mouth; half of it

running down the side of the flagon, and half of what reached his mouth running down outside his throat, and

half of what ran in going the wrong way, and being coughed and sneezed around the persons of the gathered

reapers in the form of a cider fog, which for a moment hung in the sunny air like a small exhalation.

"There's a great clumsy sneeze! Why can't ye have better manners, you young dog!" said Coggan,

"The cider went up my nose!" cried Cainy, as soon as he could speak; "and now 'tis gone down my neck, and

"The poor lad's cough is terrible unfortunate," said Matthew Moon. "And a great history on hand, too. Bump

"'Tis my nater," mourned Cain. "Mother says I always was so excitable when my feelings were worked up to

"True, true," said Joseph Poorgrass. "The Balls were always a very excitable family. I knowed the boy's

grandfather a truly nervous and modest man, even to genteel refinery. 'Twas blush, blush with him, almost

"Hehheh! well, I wish to noise nothing abroad nothing at all," murmured Poorgrass, diffidently. "But we

be born to things that's true. Yet I would rather my trifle were hid; though, perhaps, a high nater is a little

high, and at my birth all things were possible to my Maker, and he may have begrudged no gifts.... But under

your bushel, Joseph! under your bushel with 'ee! A strange desire, neighbours, this desire to hide, and no

praise due. Yet there is a Sermon on the Mount with a calendar of the blessed at the head, and certain meek

"Cainy's grandfather was a very clever man," said Matthew Moon. "Invented a' appletree out of his own

head, which is called by his name to this day the Early Ball. You know 'em, Jan? A Quarrenden grafted on

a Tom Putt, and a Rathe ripe upon top o' that again. "'Tis trew 'a used to bide about in a publichouse wi' a

'ooman in a way he had no business to by rights, but there 'a were a clever man in the sense of the term."

"I seed our mis'ess go into a sort of a park place, where there's seats, and shrubs and flowers, armincrook

with a sojer," continued Cainy, firmly, and with a dim sense that his words were very effective as regarded

Gabriel's emotions. "And I think the sojer was Sergeant Troy. And they sat there together for more than

halfanhour, talking moving things, and she once was crying a'most to death. And when they came out her

eyes were shining and she was as white as a lily; and they looked into one another's faces, as fargone

"Great glass windows to the shops, and great clouds in the sky, full of rain, and old wooden trees in the

"Let en alone," interposed Joseph Poorgrass. "The boy's meaning is that the sky and the earth in the kingdom

of Bath is not altogether different from ours here. 'Tis for our good to gain knowledge of strange cities, and as

"And the people of Bath," continued Cain, "never need to light their fires except as a luxury, for the water

"'Tis true as the light," testified Matthew Moon. "I've heard other navigators say the same thing."

"They drink nothing else there," said Cain, "and seem to enjoy it, to see how they swaller it down."

"Well, it seems a barbarian practice enough to us, but I daresay the natives think nothing o' it," said Matthew.

"And don't victuals spring up as well as drink?" asked Coggan, twirling his eye.

"No I own to a blot there in Bath a true blot. God didn't provide 'em with victuals as well as drink, and

"Well, 'tis a curious place, to say the least," observed Moon; "and it must be a curious people that live

"Miss Everdene and the soldier were walking about together, you say?" said Gabriel, returning to the group.

"Ay, and she wore a beautiful goldcolour silk gown, trimmed with black lace, that would have stood alone

'ithout legs inside if required. 'Twas a very winsome sight; and her hair was brushed splendid. And when the

sun shone upon the bright gown and his red coat my! how handsome they looked. You could see 'em all

"And then I went into Griffin's to hae my boots hobbed, and then I went to Riggs's battycake shop, and

asked 'em for a penneth of the cheapest and nicest stales, that were all but bluemouldy, but not quite. And

whilst I was chawing 'em down I walked on and seed a clock with a face as big as a baking trendle "

"I'm coming to that, if you'll leave me alone, Mister Oak!" remonstrated Cainy. "If you excites me, perhaps

"And there were great large houses, and more people all the week long than at Weatherbury clubwalking on

White Tuesdays. And I went to grand churches and chapels. And how the parson would pray! Yes; he would

kneel down and put up his hands together, and make the holy gold rings on his fingers gleam and twinkle in

yer eyes, that he'd earned by praying so excellent well! Ah yes, I wish I lived there."

"Our poor Parson Thirdly can't get no money to buy such rings," said Matthew Moon, thoughtfully. "And as

good a man as ever walked. I don't believe poor Thirdly have a single one, even of humblest tin or copper.

Such a great ornament as they'd be to him on a dull afternoon, when he's up in the pulpit lighted by the wax

"Perhaps he's made of different stuff than to wear 'em," said Gabriel, grimly. "Well, that's enough of this. Go

"Oh and the new style of parsons wear moustaches and long beards," continued the illustrious traveller,

"and look like Moses and Aaron complete, and make we fokes in the congregation feel all over like the

"And there's two religions going on in the nation now High Church and High Chapel. And, thinks I, I'll

play fair; so I went to High Church in the morning, and High Chapel in the afternoon."

"Well, at High Church they pray singing, and worship all the colours of the rainbow; and at High Chapel they

pray preaching, and worship drab and whitewash only. And then I didn't see no more of Miss Everdene at

"Ah," said Matthew Moon, "she'll wish her cake dough if so be she's over intimate with that man."

"She would know better," said Coggan. "Our mis'ess has too much sense under they knots of black hair to do

"You see, he's not a coarse, ignorant man, for he was well brought up," said Matthew, dubiously. "'Twas only

"Now, Cain Ball," said Gabriel restlessly, "can you swear in the most awful form that the woman you saw

"Cain Ball, you be no longer a babe and suckling," said Joseph in the sepulchral tone the circumstances

demanded, "and you know what taking an oath is. 'Tis a horrible testament mind ye, which you say and seal

with your blood stone, and the prophet Matthew tells us that on whomsoever it shall fall it will grind him to

powder. Now, before all the workfolk here assembled, can you swear to your words as the shepherd asks

"Please no, Mister Oak!" said Cainy, looking from one to the other with great uneasiness at the spiritual

magnitude of the position. "I don't mind saying 'tis true, but I don't like to say 'tis damn true, if that's what you

"Cain, Cain, how can you!" asked Joseph sternly. "You be asked to swear in a holy manner, and you swear

"No, I don't! 'Tis you want to squander a pore boy's soul, Joseph Poorgrass that's what 'tis!" said Cain,

beginning to cry. "All I mane is that in common truth 'twas Miss Everdene and Sergeant Troy, but in the

horrible sohelpme truth that ye want to make of it perhaps 'twas somebody else!"

Then the reapers' hooks were flourished again, and the old sounds went on. Gabriel, without making any

pretence of being lively, did nothing to show that he was particularly dull. However, Coggan knew pretty

"Don't take on about her, Gabriel. What difference does it make whose sweetheart she is, since she can't be

THAT same evening at dusk Gabriel was leaning over Coggan's gardengate, taking an upanddown

A vehicle of some kind was softly creeping along the grassy margin of the lane. From it spread the tones of

two women talking. The tones were natural and not at all suppressed. Oak instantly knew the voices to he

The carriage came opposite and passed by. It was Miss Everdene's gig, and Liddy and her mistress were the

only occupants of the seat. Liddy was asking questions about the city of Bath, and her companion was

answering them listlessly and unconcernedly. Both Bathsheba and the horse seemed weary.

The exquisite relief of finding that she was here again, safe and sound, overpowered all reflection, and Oak

He lingered and lingered on, till there was no difference between the eastern and western expanses of sky,

and the timid hares began to limp courageously round the dim hillocks. Gabriel might have been there an

additional half hour when a dark form walked slowly by. "Goodnight, Gabriel," the passer said.

Boldwood likewise vanished up the road, and Oak shortly afterwards turned indoors to bed.

Farmer Boldwood went on towards Miss Everdene's house. He reached the front, and approaching the

entrance, saw a light in the parlour. The blind was not drawn down, and inside the room was Bathsheba,

looking over some papers or letters. Her back was towards Boldwood. He went to the door, knocked, and

Boldwood had not been outside his garden since his meeting with Bathsheba in the road to Yalbury. Silent

and alone, he had remained in moody meditation on woman's ways, deeming as essentials of the whole sex

the accidents of the single one of their number he had ever closely beheld. By degrees a more charitable

temper had pervaded him, and this was the reason of his sally tonight. He had come to apologize and beg

forgiveness of Bathsheba with something like a sense of shame at his violence, having but just now learnt

that she had returned only from a visit to Liddy, as he supposed, the Bath escapade being quite unknown

He inquired for Miss Everdene. Liddy's manner was odd, but he did not notice it. She went in, leaving him

standing there, and in her absence the blind of the room containing Bathsheba was pulled down. Boldwood

The farmer instantly went out by the gate. He as unforgiven that was the issue of it all. He had seen her

who was to him simultaneously a delight and a torture, sitting in the room he had shared with her as a

peculiarly privileged guest only a little earlier in the summer, and she had denied him an entrance there now.

Boldwood did not hurry homeward. It was ten o'clock at least, when, walking deliberately through the lower

part of Weatherbury, he heard the carrier's spring van entering the village. The van ran to and from a town in

a northern direction, and it was owned and driven by a Weatherbury man, at the door of whose house it now

pulled up. The lamp fixed to the head of the hood illuminated a scarlet and gilded form, who was the first to

Troy entered the carrier's house, which had been the place of his lodging on his last visit to his native place.

Boldwood was moved by a sudden determination. He hastened home. In ten minutes he was back again, and

made as if he were going to call upon Troy at the carrier's. But as he approached, some one opened the door

and came out. He heard this person say " Goodnight" to the inmates, and the voice was Troy's. "This was

strange, coming so immediately after his arrival. Boldwood, however, hastened up to him. Troy had what

appeared to be a carpetbag in his hand the same that he had brought with him. It seemed as if he were

The tone in which this word was uttered was all that had been wanted to bring Boldwood to the point.

"Now look here," said Boldwood, standing in front of him, "wonder or not, you are going to hold a

Troy heard the dull determination in Boldwood's voice, looked at his stalwart frame, then at the thick cudgel

he carried in his hand. He remembered it was past ten o'clock. It seemed worth while to be civil to Boldwood.

"Very well, I'll listen with pleasure," said Troy, placing his bag on the ground, "only speak low, for

"Well then I know a good deal concerning your Fanny Robin's attachment to you. I may say, too, that I

believe I am the only person in the village, excepting Gabriel Oak, who does know it. You ought to marry

Troy was about to utter something hastily; he then checked himself and said, "I am too poor." His voice was

changed. Previously it had had a devilmaycare tone. It was the voice of a trickster now.

Boldwood's present mood was not critical enough to notice tones. He continued, "I may as well speak plainly;

and understand, I don't wish to enter into the questions of right or wrong, woman's honour and shame, or to

"I was engaged to be married to Miss Everdene," said Boldwood, "but you came and "

"If you had not come I should certainly yes, CERTAINLY have been accepted by this time. If you had

not seen her you might have been married to Fanny. Well, there's too much difference between Miss

Everdene's station and your own for this flirtation with her ever to benefit you by ending in marriage. So all I

"I'll pay you well now, I'll settle a sum of money upon her, and I'll see that you don't suffer from poverty in

the future. I'll put it clearly. Bathsheba is only playing with you: you are too poor for her as I said; so give up

wasting your time about a great match you'll never make for a moderate and rightful match you may make

tomorrow; take up your carpetbag, turn about, leave Weatherbury now, this night, and you shall take fifty

pounds with you. Fanny shall have fifty to enable her to prepare for the wedding, when you have told me

where she is living, and she shall have five hundred paid down on her weddingday."

In making this statement Boldwood's voice revealed only too clearly a consciousness of the weakness of his

position, his aims, and his method. His manner had lapsed quite from that of the firm and dignified Boldwood

of former times; and such a scheme as he had now engaged in he would have condemned as childishly

imbecile only a few months ago. We discern a grand force in the lover which he lacks whilst a free man; but

there is a breadth of vision in the free man which in the lover we vainly seek. Where there is much bias there

must be some narrowness, and love, though added emotion, is subtracted capacity. Boldwood exemplified

this to an abnormal degree: he knew nothing of Fanny Robin's circumstances or whereabouts, he knew

"I like Fanny best," said Troy; "and if, as you say, Miss Everdene is out of my reach, why I have all to gain

"Ah!" said Boldwood, in a more elastic voice. "Oh, Troy, if you like her best, why then did you step in here

"I love Fanny best now," said Troy. "But Bathsh Miss Everdene inflamed me, and displaced Fanny for

"I did," said Boldwood, "and here they are fifty sovereigns." He handed Troy a small packet.

"You have everything ready it seems that you calculated on my accepting them," said the sergeant, taking

"You've only my word that the programme shall be adhered to, whilst I at any rate have fifty pounds."

"I had thought of that, and I have considered that if I can't appeal to your honour I can trust to your well,

shrewdness we'll call it not to lose five hundred pounds in prospect, and also make a bitter enemy of a

"Bathsheba out alone at this time o' night!" said Boldwood in amazement, and starting up. "Why must you

"She was expecting me tonight and I must now speak to her, and wish her goodbye, according to your

"It can do no harm and she'll be wandering about looking for me if I don't. You shall hear all I say to her.

"Oh no. And remember this, if she does not know what has become of me, she will think more about me than

"Will you confine your words to that one point? Shall I hear every word you say?"

"Every word. Now sit still there, and hold my "carpet bag for me, and mark what you hear."

The light footstep came closer, halting occasionally, as if the walker listened for a sound. Troy whistled a

"How late you are," she continued, tenderly. "Did you come by the carrier? I listened and heard his wheels

entering the village, but it was some time ago, and I had almost given you up, Frank."

"Well, I thought you would," she said, playfully; "and, Frank, it is so lucky! There's not a soul in my house

but me tonight. I've packed them all off so nobody on earth will know of your visit to your lady's bower.

Liddy wanted to go to her grandfather's to tell him about her holiday, and I said she might stay with them till

"Capital," said Troy. "But, dear me, I had better go back for my bag, because my slippers and brush and comb

are in it; you run home whilst I fetch it, and I'll promise to be in your parlour in ten minutes."

During the progress of this dialogue there was a nervous twitching of Boldwood's tightly closed lips, and his

face became bathed in a clammy dew. He now started forward towards Troy. Troy turned to him and took up

"Shall I tell her I have come to give her up and cannot marry her?" said the soldier, mockingly.

"No, no; wait a minute. I want to say more to you more to you!" said Boldwood, in a hoarse whisper.

"Now," said Troy, "you see my dilemma. Perhaps I am a bad man the victim of my impulses led away

to do what I ought to leave undone. I can't, however, marry them both. And I have two reasons for choosing

Fanny. First, I like her best upon the whole, and second, you make it worth my while."

At the same instant Boldwood sprang upon him, and held him by the neck. Troy felt Boldwood's grasp slowly

Boldwood groaned. He reluctantly released the soldier, and flung him back against the hedge. "Devil, you

Troy rebounded like a ball, and was about to make a dash at the farmer; but he checked himself, saying

"It is not worth while to measure my strength with you. Indeed it is a barbarous way of settling a quarrel. I

shall shortly leave the army because of the same conviction. Now after that revelation of how the land lies

"'Twould be a mistake to kill you," repeated Boldwood, mechanically, with a bowed head.

"Troy, make her your wife, and don't act upon what I arranged just now. The alternative is dreadful, but take

Bathsheba; I give her up! She must love you indeed to sell soul and body to you so utterly as she has done.

"Bathsheba is a woman well to do," continued Boldwood, in nervous anxiety, and, Troy, she will make a

"But she has a will not to say a temper, and I shall be a mere slave to her. I could do anything with poor

"Troy," said Boldwood, imploringly, "I'll do anything for you, only don't desert her; pray don't desert her,

"No; Bathsheba Everdene. Love her best! Love her tenderly! How shall I get you to see how advantageous it

Boldwood's arm moved spasmodically towards Troy's person again. He repressed the instinct, and his form

"But I wish you to hasten on this marriage! It will be better for you both. You love each other, and you must

"Why, by settling the five hundred on Bathsheba instead of Fanny, to enable you to marry at once. No; she

Troy paused in secret amazement at Boldwood's wild infatuation. He carelessly said, "And am I to have

"Yes, if you wish to. But I have not much additional money with me. I did not expect this; but all I have is

Boldwood, more like a somnambulist than a wakeful man, pulled out the large canvas bag he carried by way

"I have twentyone pounds more with me," he said. "Two notes and a sovereign. But before I leave you I

"Pay me the money, and we'll go straight to her parlour, and make any arrangement you please to secure my

"Nothing, nothing," said Boldwood, hastily. "Here is the sum, and if you'll come to my house we'll write out

They went up the hill to Bathsheba's house. When they stood at the entrance, Troy said, "Wait here a

Boldwood waited. In two minutes a light appeared in the passage. Boldwood then saw that the chain had been

"Oh, no, it is merely my humour to secure things. Will you read this a moment? I'll hold the light."

Troy handed a folded newspaper through the slit between door and doorpost, and put the candle close. "That's

"On the 17th inst., at St. Ambrose's Church, Bath, by the Rev. G. Mincing, B.A., Francis Troy, only son of

the late Edward Troy, Esq., M.D., of Weatherbury, and sergeant with Dragoon Guards, to Bathsheba, only

"This may be called Fort meeting Feeble, hey, Boldwood?" said Troy. A low gurgle of derisive laughter

"Fifty pounds to marry Fanny. Good. Twentyone pounds not to marry Fanny, but Bathsheba. Good. Finale:

already Bathsheba's husband. Now, Boldwood, yours is the ridiculous fate which always attends interference

between a man and his wife. And another word. Bad as I am, I am not such a villain as to make the marriage

or misery of any woman a matter of huckster and sale. Fanny has long ago left me. I don't know where she is.

I have searched everywhere. Another word yet. You say you love Bathsheba; yet on the merest apparent

evidence you instantly believe in her dishonour. A fig for such love! Now that I've taught you a lesson, take

"Anyhow I won't have it," said Troy, contemptuously. He wrapped the packet of gold in the notes, and threw

Boldwood shook his clenched fist at him. "You juggler of Satan! You black hound! But I'll punish you yet;

Throughout the whole of that night Boldwood's dark form maight have been seen walking about hills and

IT was very early the next morning a time of sun and dew. The confused beginnings of many birds' songs

spread into the healthy air, and the wan blue of the heaven was here and there coated with thin webs of

incorporeal cloud which were of no effect in obscuring day. All the lights in the scene were yellow as to

colour, and all the shadows were attenuated as to form. The creeping plants about the old manorhouse were

bowed with rows of heavy water drops, which had upon objects behind them the effect of minute lenses of

Just before the clock struck five Gabriel Oak and Coggan passed the village cross, and went on together to

the fields. They were yet barely in view of their mistress's house, when Oak fancied he saw the opening of a

casement in one of the upper windows. The two men were at this moment partially screened by an elder bush,

now beginning to be enriched with black bunches of fruit, and they paused before emerging from its shade.

A handsome man leaned idly from the lattice. He looked east and then west, in the manner of one who makes

a first morning survey. The man was Sergeant Troy. His red jacket was loosely thrown on, but not buttoned,

Gabriel had previously beheld the sight, and he now stood with his back turned, making no reply.

"I fancied we should know something today," continued Coggan. "I heard wheels pass my door just after

dark you were out somewhere." He glanced round upon Gabriel. "Good heavens above us, Oak, how

They stood by the gate awhile, Gabriel listlessly staring at the ground. His mind sped into the future, and saw

there enacted in years of leisure the scenes of repentance that would ensue from this work of haste. That they

were married he had instantly decided. Why had it been so mysteriously managed? It had become known that

she had had a fearful journey to Bath, owing to her miscalculating the distance: that the horse had broken

down, and that she had been more than two days getting there. It was not Bathsheba's way to do things

furtively. With all her faults, she was candour itself. Could she have been entrapped? The union was not only

an unutterable grief to him: it amazed him, notwithstanding that he had passed the preceding week in a

suspicion that such might be the issue of Troy's meeting her away from home. Her quiet return with Liddy

had to some extent dispersed the dread. Just as that imperceptible motion which appears like stillness is

infinitely divided in its properties from stillness itself, so had his hope undistinguishable from despair

In a few minutes they moved on again towards the house. The sergeant still looked from the window.

Coggan replied to the greeting. "Bain't ye going to answer the man?" he then said to Gabriel. "I'd say good

morning you needn't spend a hapenny of meaning upon it, and yet keep the man civil."

Gabriel soon decided too that, since the deed was done, to put the best face upon the matter would be the

Gabriel shook his head. The soldier turned a little towards the east, and the sun kindled his scarlet coat to an

"Yes I suppose so; but I feel like new wine in an old bottle here. My notion is that sashwindows should

be put throughout, and these old wainscoted walls brightened up a bit; or the oak cleared quite away, and the

"Well, no. A philosopher once said in my hearing that the old builders, who worked when art was a living

thing, had no respect for the work of builders who went before them, but pulled down and altered as they

thought fit; and why shouldn't we? 'Creation and preservation don't do well together,' says he, 'and a million

of antiquarians can't invent a style.' My mind exactly. I am for making this place more modern, that we may

The military man turned and surveyed the interior of the room, to assist his ideas of improvement in this

"Oh, Coggan," said Troy, as if inspired by a recollection "do you know if insanity has ever appeared in Mr.

"I once heard that an uncle of his was queer in his head, but I don't know the rights o't," he said.

"It is of no importance," said Troy, lightly. "Well, I shall be down in the fields with you some time this week;

but I have a few matters to attend to first. So goodday to you. We shall, of course, keep on just as friendly

terms as usual. I'm not a proud man: nobody is ever able to say that of Sergeant Troy. However, what is must

Troy threw the coin dexterously across the front plot and over the fence towards Gabriel, who shunned it in

its fall, his face turning to an angry red. Coggan twirled his eye, edged forward, and caught the money in its

"Very well you keep it, Coggan," said Gabriel with disdain and almost fiercely. "As for me, I'll do

"Don't show it too much," said Coggan, musingly. "For if he's married to her, mark my words, he'll buy his

discharge and be our master here. Therefore 'tis well to say 'Friend' outwardly, though you say 'Troublehouse'

"Well perhaps it is best to be silent; but I can't go further than that. I can't flatter, and if my place here is

A horseman, whom they had for some time seen in the distance, now appeared close beside them.

Coggan and Oak nodded respectfully to the farmer, just checked their paces to discover if they were wanted,

The only signs of the terrible sorrow Boldwood had been combating through the night, and was combating

now, were the want of colour in his welldefined face, the enlarged appearance of the veins in his forehead

and temples, and the sharper lines about his mouth. The horse bore him away, and the very step of the animal

seemed significant of dogged despair. Gabriel, for a minute, rose above his own grief in noticing Boldwood's.

He saw the square figure sitting erect upon the horse, the head turned to neither side, the elbows steady by the

hips, the brim of the hat level and undisturbed in its onward glide, until the keen edges of Boldwood's shape

sank by degrees over the hill. To one who knew the man and his story there was something more striking in

this immobility than in a collapse. The clash of discord between mood and matter here was forced painfully

home to the heart; and, as in laughter there are more dreadful phases than in tears, so was there in the

ONE night, at the end of August, when Bathsheba's experiences as a married woman were still new, and

when the weather was yet dry and sultry, a man stood motionless in the stockyard of Weatherbury Upper

The night had a sinister aspect. A heated breeze from the south slowly fanned the summits of lofty objects,

and in the sky dashes of buoyant cloud were sailing in a course at right angles to that of another stratum,

neither of them in the direction of the breeze below. The moon, as seen through these films, had a lurid

metallic look. The fields were sallow with the impure light, and all were tinged in monochrome, as if beheld

through stained glass. The same evening the sheep had trailed homeward head to tail, the behaviour of the

Thunder was imminent, and, taking some secondary appearances into consideration, it was likely to be

followed by one of the lengthened rains which mark the close of dry weather for the season. Before twelve

Oak gazed with misgiving at eight naked and unprotected ricks, massive and heavy with the rich produce of

This was the night which had been selected by Sergeant Troy ruling now in the room of his wife for

giving the harvest supper and dance. As Oak approached the building the sound of violins and a tambourine,

and the regular jigging of many feet, grew more distinct. He came close to the large doors, one of which

The central space, together with the recess at one end, was emptied of all incumbrances, and this area,

covering about twothirds of the whole, was appropriated for the gathering, the remaining end, which was

piled to the ceiling with oats, being screened off with sailcloth. Tufts and garlands of green foliage

decorated the walls, beams, and extemporized chandeliers, and immediately opposite to Oak a rostrum had

been erected, bearing a table and chairs. Here sat three fiddlers, and beside them stood a frantic man with his

hair on end, perspiration streaming down his cheeks, and a tambourine quivering in his hand.

The dance ended, and on the black oak floor in the midst a new row of couples formed for another.

"Now, ma'am, and no offence I hope, I ask what dance you would like next?" said the first violin.

"Really, it makes no difference," said the clear voice of Bathsheba, who stood at the inner end of the building,

observing the scene from behind a table covered with cups and viands. Troy was lolling beside her.

"Then," said the fiddler, "I'll venture to name that the right and proper thing is "The Soldier's Joy" there

being a gallant soldier married into the farm hey, my sonnies, and gentlemen all?"

"Thanks for the compliment," said the sergeant gaily, taking Bathsheba by the hand and leading her to the top

of the dance. "For though I have purchased my discharge from Her Most Gracious Majesty's regiment of

cavalry the 11th Dragoon Guards, to attend to the new duties awaiting me here, I shall continue a soldier in

So the dance began. As to the merits of "The Soldier's Joy," there cannot be, and never were, two opinions. It

has been observed in the musical circles of Weatherbury and its vicinity that this melody, at the end of

threequarters of an hour of thunderous footing, still possesses more stimulative properties for the heel and

toe than the majority of other dances at their first opening. "The Soldier's Joy" has, too, an additional charm,

in being so admirably adapted to the tambourine aforesaid no mean instrument in the hands of a performer

who understands the proper convulsions, spasms, St. Vitus's dances, and fearful frenzies necessary when

The immortal tune ended, a fine DD rolling forth from the bassviol with the sonorousness of a cannonade,

and Gabriel delayed his entry no longer. He avoided Bathsheba, and got as near as possible to the platform,

where Sergeant Troy was now seated, drinking brandyandwater, though the others drank without

exception cider and ale. Gabriel could not easily thrust himself within speaking distance of the sergeant, and

he sent a message, asking him to come down for a moment. The sergeant said he could not attend.

"Will you tell him, then," said Gabriel, "that I only stepped ath'art to say that a heavy rain is sure to fall soon,

"Mr. Troy says it will not rain," returned the messenger, "and he cannot stop to talk to you about such

In juxtaposition with Troy, Oak had a melancholy tendency to look like a candle beside gas, and ill at ease, he

went out again, thinking he would go home; for, under the circumstances, he had no heart for the scene in the

"Friends, it is not only the harvest home that we are celebrating tonight; but this is also a Wedding Feast. A

short time ago I had the happiness to lead to the altar this lady, your mistress, and not until now have we been

able to give any public flourish to the event in Weatherbury. That it may be thoroughly well done, and that

every man may go happy to bed, I have ordered to be brought here some bottles of brandy and kettles of hot

Bathsheba put her hand upon his arm, and, with upturned pale face, said imploringly, "No don't give it to

them pray don't, Frank! It will only do them harm: they have had enough of everything."

"Pooh!" said the sergeant contemptuously, and raised his voice as if lighted up by a new idea. "Friends," he

said, "we'll send the womenfolk home! 'Tis time they were in bed. Then we cockbirds will have a jolly

carouse to ourselves! If any of the men show the white feather, let them look elsewhere for a winter's work."

Bathsheba indignantly left the barn, followed by all the women and children. The musicians, not looking

upon themselves as "company," slipped quietly away to their spring waggon and put in the horse. Thus Troy

and the men on the farm were left sole occupants of the place. Oak, not to appear unnecessarily disagreeable,

stayed a little while; then he, too, arose and quietly took his departure, followed by a friendly oath from the

Gabriel proceeded towards his home. In approaching the door, his toe kicked something which felt and

sounded soft, leathery, and distended, like a boxingglove. It was a large toad humbly travelling across the

path. Oak took it up, thinking it might be better to kill the creature to save it from pain; but finding it

uninjured, he placed it again among the grass. He knew what this direct message from the Great Mother

When he struck a light indoors there appeared upon the table a thin glistening streak, as if a brush of varnish

had been lightly dragged across it. Oak's eyes followed the serpentine sheen to the other side, where it led up

to a huge brown gardenslug, which had come indoors tonight for reasons of its own. It was Nature's

Oak sat down meditating for nearly an hour. During this time two black spiders, of the kind common in

thatched houses, promenaded the ceiling, ultimately dropping to the floor. This reminded him that if there

was one class of manifestation on this matter that he thoroughly understood, it was the instincts of sheep. He

left the room, ran across two or three fields towards the flock, got upon a hedge, and looked over among

They were crowded close together on the other side around some furze bushes, and the first peculiarity

observable was that, on the sudden appearance of Oak's head over the fence, they did not stir or run away.

They had now a terror of something greater than their terror of man. But this was not the most noteworthy

feature: they were all grouped in such a way that their tails, without a single exception, were towards that half

of the horizon from which the storm threatened. There was an inner circle closely huddled, and outside these

they radiated wider apart, the pattern formed by the flock as a whole not being unlike a vandyked lace collar,

This was enough to reestablish him in his original opinion. He knew now that he was right, and that Troy

was wrong. Every voice in nature was unanimous in bespeaking change. But two distinct translations

attached to these dumb expressions. Apparently there was to be a thunderstorm, and afterwards a cold

continuous rain. The creeping things seemed to know all about the later rain, hut little of the interpolated

thunderstorm; whilst the sheep knew all about the thunderstorm and nothing of the later rain.

This complication of weathers being uncommon, was all the more to be feared. Oak returned to the

stackyard. All was silent here, and the conical tips of the ricks jutted darkly into the sky. There were five

wheatricks in this yard, and three stacks of barley. The wheat when threshed would average about thirty

quarters to each stack; the barley, at least forty. Their value to Bathsheba, and indeed to anybody, Oak

Seven hundred and fifty pounds in the divinest form that money can wear that of necessary food for man

and beast: should the risk be run of deteriorating this bulk of corn to less than half its value, because of the

Such was the argument that Oak set outwardly before him. But man, even to himself, is a palimpsest, having

an ostensible writing, and another beneath the lines. It is possible that there was this golden legend under the

utilitarian one: "I will help to my last effort the woman I have loved so dearly."

He went back to the barn to endeavour to obtain assistance for covering the ricks that very night. All was

silent within, and he would have passed on in the belief that the party had broken up, had not a dim light,

yellow as saffron by contrast with the greenish whiteness outside, streamed through a knothole in the

The candles suspended among the evergreens had burnt down to their sockets, and in some cases the leaves

tied about them were scorched. Many of the lights had quite gone out, others smoked and stank, grease

dropping from them upon the floor. Here, under the table, and leaning against forms and chairs in every

conceivable attitude except the perpendicular, were the wretched persons of all the work folk, the hair of

their heads at such low levels being suggestive of mops and brooms. In the midst of these shone red and

distinct the figure of Sergeant Troy, leaning back in a chair. Coggan was on his back, with his mouth open,

huzzing forth snores, as were several others; the united breathings of the horizonal assemblage forming a

subdued roar like London from a distance. Joseph Poorgrass was curled round in the fashion of a hedgehog,

apparently in attempts to present the least possible portion of his surface to the air; and behind him was dimly

visible an unimportant remnant of William Smallbury. The glasses and cups still stood upon the table, a

waterjug being overturned, from which a small rill, after tracing its course with marvellous precision down

the centre of the long table, fell into the neck of the unconscious Mark Clark, in a steady, monotonous drip,

Gabriel glanced hopelessly at the group, which, with one or two exceptions, composed all the ablebodied

men upon the farm. He saw at once that if the ricks were to be saved that night, or even the next morning, he

A faint "tingting" resounded from under Coggan's waistcoat. It was Coggan's watch striking the hour of two.

Oak went to the recumbent form of Matthew Moon, who usually undertook the rough thatching of the

Gabriel shouted in his ear, "where's your thatchingbeetle and rickstick and spars?"

"Under the staddles," said Moon, mechanically, with the unconscious promptness of a medium.

Gabriel let go his head, and it dropped upon the floor like a bowl. He then went to Susan Tall's husband.

No answer. The question was repeated, with the same result. To be shouted to at night was evidently less of a

novelty to Susan Tall's husband than to Matthew Moon. Oak flung down Tall's head into the corner again and

To be just, the men were not greatly to blame for this painful and demoralizing termination to the evening's

entertainment. Sergeant Troy had so strenuously insisted, glass in hand, that drinking should be the bond of

their union, that those who wished to refuse hardly liked to be so unmannerly under the circumstances.

Having from their youth up been entirely unaccustomed to any liquor stronger than cider or mild ale, it was

no wonder that they had succumbed, one and all, with extraordinary uniformity, after the lapse of about an

Gabriel was greatly depressed. This debauch boded ill for that wilful and fascinating mistress whom the

faithful man even now felt within him as the embodiment of all that was sweet and bright and hopeless.

He put out the expiring lights, that the barn might not be endangered, closed the door upon the men in their

deep and oblivious sleep, and went again into the lone night. A hot breeze, as if breathed from the parted lips

of some dragon about to swallow the globe, fanned him from the south, while directly opposite in the north

rose a grim misshapen body of cloud, in the very teeth of the wind. So unnaturally did it rise that one could

fancy it to be lifted by machinery from below. Meanwhile the faint cloudlets had flown back into the

southeast corner of the sky, as if in terror of the large cloud, like a young brood gazed in upon by some

Going on to the village, Oak flung a small stone against the window of Laban Tall's bedroom, expecting

Susan to open it; but nobody stirred. He went round to the back door, which had been left unfastened for

"Mrs. Tall, I've come for the key of the granary, to get at the rickcloths," said Oak, in a stentorian voice.

"Take it then. 'Tis on the nail. People coming disturbing women at this time of night ought "

Gabriel took the key, without waiting to hear the conclusion of the tirade. Ten minutes later his lonely figure

might have been seen dragging four large waterproof coverings across the yard, and soon two of these heaps

of treasure in grain were covered snug two cloths to each. Two hundred pounds were secured. Three

wheatstacks remained open, and there were no more cloths. Oak looked under the staddles and found a fork.

He mounted the third pile of wealth and began operating, adopting the plan of sloping the upper sheaves one

over the other; and, in addition, filling the interstices with the material of some untied sheaves.

So far all was well. By this hurried contrivance Bathsheba's property in wheat was safe for at any rate a week

Next came the barley. This it was only possible to protect by systematic thatching. Time went on, and the

moon vanished not to reappear. It was the farewell of the ambassador previous to war. The night had a

haggard look, like a sick thing; and there came finally an utter expiration of air from the whole heaven in the

form of a slow breeze, which might have been likened to a death. And now nothing was heard in the yard but

the dull thuds of the beetle which drove in the spars, and the rustle of thatch in the intervals.

A LIGHT flapped over the scene, as if reflected from phosphorescent wings crossing the sky, and a rumble

The second peal was noisy, with comparatively little visible lightning. Gabriel saw a candle shining in

Then there came a third flash. Manoeuvres of a most extraordinary kind were going on in the vast

firmamental hollows overhead. The lightning now was the colour of silver, and gleamed in the heavens like a

mailed army. Rumbles became rattles. Gabriel from his elevated position could see over the landscape at least

halfadozen miles in front. Every hedge, bush, and tree was distinct as in a line engraving. In a paddock in

the same direction was a herd of heifers, and the forms of these were visible at this moment in the act of

galloping about in the wildest and maddest confusion, flinging their heels and tails high into the air, their

heads to earth. A poplar in the immediate foreground was like an ink stroke on burnished tin. Then the

picture vanished, leaving the darkness so intense that Gabriel worked entirely by feeling with his hands.

He had stuck his rickingrod, or poniard, as it was indifferently called a long iron lance, polished by

handling into the stack, used to support the sheaves instead of the support called a groom used on houses.

A blue light appeared in the zenith, and in some indescribable manner flickered down near the top of the rod.

It was the fourth of the larger flashes. A moment later and there was a smack smart, clear, and short,

Gabriel felt his position to be anything but a safe one, and he resolved to descend.

Not a drop of rain had fallen as yet. He wiped his weary brow, and looked again at the black forms of the

unprotected stacks. Was his life so valuable to him after all? What were his prospects that he should be so

chary of running risk, when important and urgent labour could not be carried on without such risk? He

resolved to stick to the stack. However, he took a precaution. Under the staddles was a long tethering chain,

used to prevent the escape of errant horses. This he carried up the ladder, and sticking his rod through the

clog at one end, allowed the other end of the chain to trail upon the ground The spike attached to it he drove

in. Under the shadow of this extemporized lightning conductor he felt himself comparatively safe.

Before Oak had laid his hands upon his tools again out leapt the fifth flash, with the spring of a serpent and

the shout of a fiend. It was green as an emerald, and the reverberation was stunning. What was this the light

revealed to him? In the open ground before him, as he looked over the ridge of the rick, was a dark and

apparently female form. Could it be that of the only venturesome woman in the parish Bathsheba? The

"Oh, Gabriel! and are you? I have come about them. The weather awoke me, and I thought of the corn. I

am so distressed about it can we save it anyhow? I cannot find my husband. Is he with you?"

"He promised that the stacks should be seen to, and now they are all neglected! Can I do anything to help?

Liddy is afraid to come out. Fancy finding you here at such an hour! Surely I can do something?"

"You can bring up some reedsheaves to me, one by one, ma'am; if you are not afraid to come up the ladder

in the dark," said Gabriel. "Every moment is precious now, and that would save a good deal of time. It is not

"I'll do anything!" she said, resolutely. She instantly took a sheaf upon her shoulder, clambered up close to his

heels, placed it behind the rod, and descended for another. At her third ascent the rick suddenly brightened

with the brazen glare of shining majolica every knot in every straw was visible. On the slope in front of

him appeared two human shapes, black as jet. The rick lost its sheen the shapes vanished. Gabriel turned

his head. It had been the sixth flash which had come from the east behind him, and the two dark forms on the

Then came the peal. It hardly was credible that such a heavenly light could be the parent of such a diabolical

"How terrible!" she exclaimed, and clutched him by the sleeve. Gabriel turned, and steadied her on her aerial

perch by holding her arm. At the same moment, while he was still reversed in his attitude, there was more

light, and he saw, as it were, a copy of the tall poplar tree on the hill drawn in black on the wall of the barn. It

The next flare came. Bathsheba was on the ground now, shouldering another sheaf, and she bore its dazzle

without flinching thunder and all and again ascended with the load. There was then a silence

everywhere for four or five minutes, and the crunch of the spars, as Gabriel hastily drove them in, could again

be distinctly heard. He thought the crisis of the storm had passed. But there came a burst of light.

"Hold on!" said Gabriel, taking the sheaf from her shoulder, and grasping her arm again.

Heaven opened then, indeed. The flash was almost too novel for its inexpressibly dangerous nature to be at

once realized, and they could only comprehend the magnificence of its beauty. It sprang from east, west,

north, south, and was a perfect dance of death. The forms of skeletons appeared in the air, shaped with blue

fire for bones dancing, leaping, striding, racing around, and mingling altogether in unparalleled confusion.

With these were intertwined undulating snakes of green, and behind these was a broad mass of lesser light.

Simultaneously came from every part of the tumbling sky what may be called a shout; since, though no shout

ever came near it, it was more of the nature of a shout than of anything else earthly. In the meantime one of

the grisly forms had alighted upon the point of Gabriel's rod, to run invisibly down it, down the chain, and

into the earth. Gabriel was almost blinded, and he could feel Bathsheba's warm arm tremble in his hand a

sensation novel and thrilling enough; but love, life, everything human, seemed small and trifling in such close

Oak had hardly time to gather up these impressions into a thought, and to see how strangely the red feather of

her hat shone in this light, when the tall tree on the hill before mentioned seemed on fire to a white heat, and a

new one among these terrible voices mingled with the last crash of those preceding. It was a stupefying blast,

harsh and pitiless, and it fell upon their ears in a dead, flat blow, without that reverberation which lends the

tones of a drum to more distant thunder. By the lustre reflected from every part of the earth and from the wide

domical scoop above it, he saw that the tree was sliced down the whole length of its tall, straight stem, a huge

riband of bark being apparently flung off. The other portion remained erect, and revealed the bared surface as

a strip of white down the front. The lightning had struck the tree. A sulphurous smell filled the air; then all

Bathsheba said nothing; but he could distinctly hear her rhythmical pants, and the recurrent rustle of the sheaf

beside her in response to her frightened pulsations. She descended the ladder, and, on second thoughts, he

followed her. The darkness was now impenetrable by the sharpest vision. They both stood still at the bottom,

side by side. Bathsheba appeared to think only of the weather Oak thought only of her just then. At last he

"I think so too," said Bathsheba. "Though there are multitudes of gleams, look!"

The sky was now filled with an incessant light, frequent repetition melting into complete continuity, as an

"Nothing serious," said he. "I cannot understand no rain falling. But Heaven be praised, it is all the better for

"Gabriel, you are kinder than I deserve! I will stay and help you yet. Oh, why are not some of the others

"O, I know it all all," she said, adding slowly: "They are all asleep in the barn, in a drunken sleep, and my

husband among them. That's it, is it not? Don't think I am a timid woman and can't endure things."

He crossed to the barn, leaving her there alone. He looked through the chinks of the door. All was in total

darkness, as he had left it, and there still arose, as at the former time, the steady buzz of many snores.

He felt a zephyr curling about his cheek, and turned. It was Bathsheba's breath she had followed him, and

He endeavoured to put off the immediate and painful subject of their thoughts by remarking gently, "If you'll

Then Oak went back again, ascended to the top, stepped off the ladder for greater expedition, and went on

Oak looked up at her. She had not spoken since he left the barn. The soft and continual shimmer of the dying

lightning showed a marble face high against the black sky of the opposite quarter. Bathsheba was sitting

almost on the apex of the stack, her feet gathered up beneath her, and resting on the top round of the ladder.

"I suppose you thought that when I galloped away to Bath that night it was on purpose to be married?"

"I did at last not at first," he answered, somewhat surprised at the abruptness with which this new subject

"I thought so. Now, I care a little for your good opinion, and I want to explain something I have longed to

do it ever since I returned, and you looked so gravely at me. For if I were to die and I may die soon it

"I went to Bath that night in the full intention of breaking off my engagement to Mr. Troy. It was owing to

circumstances which occurred after I got there that that we were married. Now, do you see the matter in a

"I must, I suppose, say more, now that I have begun. And perhaps it's no harm, for you are certainly under no

delusion that I ever loved you, or that I can have any object in speaking, more than that object I have

mentioned. Well, I was alone in a strange city, and the horse was lame. And at last I didn't know what to do. I

saw, when it was too late, that scandal might seize hold of me for meeting him alone in that way. But I was

coming away, when he suddenly said he had that day seen a woman more beautiful than I, and that his

constancy could not be counted on unless I at once became his.... And I was grieved and troubled " She

cleared her voice, and waited a moment, as if to gather breath. "And then, between jealousy and distraction, I

"He was not to blame, for it was perfectly true about about his seeing somebody else," she quickly added.

"And now I don't wish for a single remark from you upon the subject indeed, I forbid it. I only wanted you

to know that misunderstood bit of my history before a time comes when you could never know it. You

She went down the ladder, and the work proceeded. Gabriel soon perceived a languor in the movements of

"I think you had better go indoors now, you are tired. I can finish the rest alone. If the wind does not change

"If I am useless I will go," said Bathsheba, in a flagging cadence. "But O, if your life should be lost!"

"You are not useless; but I would rather not tire you longer. You have done well."

"And you better!" she said, gratefully. Thank you for your devotion, a thousand times, Gabriel! Goodnight

She diminished in the gloom, and vanished, and he heard the latch of the gate fall as she passed through. He

worked in a reverie now, musing upon her story, and upon the contradictoriness of that feminine heart which

had caused her to speak more warmly to him tonight than she ever had done whilst unmarried and free to

He was disturbed in his meditation by a grating noise from the coachhouse. It was the vane on the roof

turning round, and this change in the wind was the signal for a disastrous rain.

IT was now five o'clock, and the dawn was promising to break in hues of drab and ash.

The air changed its temperature and stirred itself more vigorously. Cool breezes coursed in transparent eddies

round Oak's face. The wind shifted yet a point or two and blew stronger. In ten minutes every wind of heaven

seemed to be roaming at large. Some of the thatching on the wheat stacks was now whirled fantastically

aloft, and had to be replaced and weighted with some rails that lay near at hand. This done, Oak slaved away

again at the barley. A huge drop of rain smote his face, the wind snarled round every corner, the trees rocked

to the bases of their trunks, and the twigs clashed in strife. Driving in spars at any point and on any system,

inch by inch he covered more and more safely from ruin this distracting impersonation of seven hundred

pounds. The rain came on in earnest, and Oak soon felt the water to be tracking cold and clammy routes

down his back. Ultimately he was reduced wellnigh to a homogeneous sop, and the dyes of his clothes

trickled down and stood in a pool at the foot of the ladder. The rain stretched obliquely through the dull

atmosphere in liquid spines, unbroken in continuity between their beginnings in the clouds and their points in

Oak suddenly remembered that eight months before this time he had been fighting against fire in the same

spot as desperately as he was fighting against water now and for a futile love of the same woman. As for

It was about seven o'clock in the dark leaden morning when Gabriel came down from the last stack, and

thankfully exclaimed, "It is done!" He was drenched, weary, and sad, and yet not so sad as drenched and

Faint sounds came from the barn, and he looked that way. Figures stepped singly and in pairs through the

doors all walking awkwardly, and abashed, save the foremost, who wore a red jacket, and advanced with

his hands in his pockets, whistling. The others shambled after with a conscience stricken air: the whole

procession was not unlike Flaxman's group of the suitors tottering on towards the infernal regions under the

conduct of Mercury. The gnarled shapes passed into the village, Troy, their leader, entering the farmhouse.

Not a single one of them had turned his face to the ricks, or apparently bestowed one thought upon their

Soon Oak too went homeward, by a different route from theirs. In front of him against the wet glazed surface

of the lane he saw a person walking yet more slowly than himself under an umbrella. The man turned and

Boldwood seemed to awake to the present by degrees. "You look tired and ill, Oak," he said then, desultorily

"Indeed, then you are mistaken," said Boldwood, shortly. "Nothing hurts me. My constitution is an iron one."

"I've been working hard to get our ricks covered, and was barely in time. Never had such a struggle in my

"Oh yes," Boldwood added, after an interval of silence: "What did you ask, Oak?"

"Overlooked them," repeated Gabriel slowly to himself. It is difficult to describe the intensely dramatic effect

that announcement had upon Oak at such a moment. All the night he had been feeling that the neglect he was

labouring to repair was abnormal and isolated the only instance of the kind within the circuit of the

county. Yet at this very time, within the same parish, a greater waste had been going on, uncomplained of and

disregarded. A few months earlier Boldwood's forgetting his husbandry would have been as preposterous an

idea as a sailor forgetting he was in a ship. Oak was just thinking that whatever he himself might have

suffered from Bathsheba's marriage, here was a man who had suffered more, when Boldwood spoke in a

changed voice that of one who yearned to make a confidence and relieve his heart by an outpouring.

"Oak, you know as well as I that things have gone wrong with me lately. I may as well own it. I was going to

"I thought my mistress would have married you," said Gabriel, not knowing enough of the full depths of

Boldwood's love to keep silence on the farmer's account, and determined not to evade discipline by doing so

on his own. "However, it is so sometimes, and nothing happens that we expect," he added, with the repose of

"I daresay I am a joke about the parish," said Boldwood, as if the subject came irresistibly to his tongue, and

" But the real truth of the matter is that there was not, as some fancy, any jilting on her part. No

engagement ever existed between me and Miss Everdene. People say so, but it is untrue: she never promised

me!" Boldwood stood still now and turned his wild face to Oak. "Oh, Gabriel," he continued, "I am weak and

foolish, and I don't know what, and I can't fend off my miserable grief! ... I had some faint belief in the mercy

of God till I lost that woman. Yes, He prepared a gourd to shade me, and like the prophet I thanked Him and

was glad. But the next day He prepared a worm to smite the gourd and wither it; and I feel it is better to die

A silence followed. Boldwood aroused himself from the momentary mood of confidence into which he had

"No, Gabriel," he resumed, with a carelessness which was like the smile on the countenance of a skull: "it

was made more of by other people than ever it was by us. I do feel a little regret occasionally, but no woman

ever had power over me for any length of time. Well, good morning; I can trust you not to mention to others

ON the turnpike road, between Casterbridge and Weatherbury, and about three miles from the former place,

is Yalbury Hill, one of those steep long ascents which pervade the highways of this undulating part of South

Wessex. In returning from market it is usual for the farmers and other giggentry to alight at the bottom and

One Saturday evening in the month of October Bathsheba's vehicle was duly creeping up this incline. She

was sitting listlessly in the second seat of the gig, whilst walking beside her in farmer's marketing suit of

unusually fashionable cut was an erect, wellmade young man. Though on foot, he held the reins and whip,

and occasionally aimed light cuts at the horse's ear with the end of the lash, as a recreation. This man was her

husband, formerly Sergeant Troy, who, having bought his discharge with Bathsheba's money, was gradually

transforming himself into a farmer of a spirited and very modern school. People of unalterable ideas still

insisted upon calling him "Sergeant" when they met him, which was in some degree owing to his having still

retained the wellshaped moustache of his military days, and the soldierly bearing inseparable from his form

"Yes, if it hadn't been for that wretched rain I should have cleared two hundred as easy as looking, my love,"

he was saying. "Don't you see, it altered all the chances? To speak like a book I once read, wet weather is the

narrative, and fine days are the episodes, of our country's history; now, isn't that true?"

"Well, yes. The fact is, these autumn races are the ruin of everybody. Never did I see such a day as 'twas! 'Tis

a wild open place, just out of Budmouth, and a drab sea rolled in towards us like liquid misery. Wind and rain

good Lord! Dark? Why, 'twas as black as my hat before the last race was run. 'Twas five o'clock, and you

couldn't see the horses till they were almost in, leave alone colours. The ground was as heavy as lead, and all

judgment from a fellow's experience went for nothing. Horses, riders, people, were all blown about like ships

at sea. Three booths were blown over, and the wretched folk inside crawled out upon their hands and knees;

and in the next field were as many as a dozen hats at one time. Ay, Pimpernel regularly stuck fast, when

about sixty yards off, and when I saw Policy stepping on, it did knock my heart against the lining of my ribs,

"And you mean, Frank," said Bathsheba, sadly her voice was painfully lowered from the fulness and

vivacity of the previous summer "that you have lost more than a hundred pounds in a month by this

dreadful horseracing? O, Frank, it is cruel; it is foolish of you to take away my money so. We shall have to

"Humbug about cruel. Now, there 'tis again turn on the waterworks; that's just like you."

"But you'll promise me not to go to Budmouth second meeting, won't you?" she implored. Bathsheba was at

"I don't see why I should; in fact, if it turns out to be a fine day, I was thinking of taking you."

"Never, never! I'll go a hundred miles the other way first. I hate the sound of the very word!"

"But the question of going to see the race or staying at home has very little to do with the matter. Bets are all

booked safely enough before the race begins, you may depend. Whether it is a bad race for me or a good one,

"But you don't mean to say that you have risked anything on this one too!" she exclaimed, with an agonized

"There now, don't you be a little fool. Wait till you are told. Why, Bathsheba, you have lost all the pluck and

sauciness you formerly had, and upon my life if I had known what a chickenhearted creature you were

A flash of indignation might have been seen in Bathsheba's dark eyes as she looked resolutely ahead after this

reply. They moved on without further speech, some earlywithered leaves from the trees which hooded the

road at this spot occasionally spinning downward across their path to the earth.

A woman appeared on the brow of the hill. The ridge was in a cutting, so that she was very near the husband

and wife before she became visible. Troy had turned towards the gig to remount, and whilst putting his foot

Though the overshadowing trees and the approach of eventide enveloped them in gloom, Bathsheba could see

plainly enough to discern the extreme poverty of the woman's garb, and the sadness of her face.

"Please, sir, do you know at what time Casterbridge Union house closes at night?"

Troy started visibly at the sound of the voice; yet he seemed to recover presence of mind sufficient to prevent

himself from giving way to his impulse to suddenly turn and face her. He said, slowly

The woman, on hearing him speak, quickly looked up, examined the side of his face, and recognized the

soldier under the yeoman's garb. Her face was drawn into an expression which had gladness and agony both

"Stay where you are, and attend to the horse!" said Troy, peremptorily throwing her the reins and the whip.

"How on earth did you come here? I thought you were miles away, or dead! Why didn't you write to me?"

said Troy to the woman, in a strangely gentle, yet hurried voice, as he lifted her up.

"Good Heaven I wish I had more to give you! Here's wretched the merest trifle. It is every farthing

I have left. I have none but what my wife gives me, you know, and I can't ask her now."

"I have only another moment," continued Troy; "and now listen. Where are you going tonight? Casterbridge

"You shan't go there; yet, wait. Yes, perhaps for tonight; I can do nothing better worse luck! Sleep there

tonight, and stay there tomorrow. Monday is the first free day I have; and on Monday morning, at ten

exactly, meet me on Grey's Bridge just out of the town. I'll bring all the money I can muster. You shan't want

I'll see that, Fanny; then I'll get you a lodging somewhere. Goodbye till then. I am a brute but

After advancing the distance which completed the ascent of the hill, Bathsheba turned her head. The woman

was upon her feet, and Bathsheba saw her withdrawing from Troy, and going feebly down the hill by the

third milestone from Casterbridge. Troy then came on towards his wife, stepped into the gig, took the reins

from her hand, and without making any observation whipped the horse into a trot. He was rather agitated.

"Do you know who that woman was?" said Bathsheba, looking searchingly into his face.

"I thought you did," said she, with angry hauteur, and still regarding him. "Who is she?"

"Think if you will, and be " The sentence was completed by a smart cut of the whip round Poppet's

flank, which caused the animal to start forward at a wild pace. No more was said.

FOR a considerable time the woman walked on. Her steps became feebler, and she strained her eyes to look

afar upon the naked road, now indistinct amid the penumbrae of night. At length her onward walk dwindled

to the merest totter, and she opened a gate within which was a haystack. Underneath this she sat down and

When the woman awoke it was to find herself in the depths of a moonless and starless night. A heavy

unbroken crust of cloud stretched across the sky, shutting out every speck of heaven; and a distant halo which

hung over the town of Casterbridge was visible against the black concave, the luminosity appearing the

brighter by its great contrast with the circumscribing darkness. Towards this weak, soft glow the woman

"If I could only get there!" she said. "Meet him the day after tomorrow: God help me! Perhaps I shall be in

A manorhouse clock from the far depths of shadow struck the hour, one, in a small, attenuated tone. After

midnight the voice of a clock seems to lose in breadth as much as in length, and to diminish its sonorousness

Afterwards a light two lights arose from the remote shade, and grew larger. A carriage rolled along the

toad, and passed the gate. It probably contained some late dinersout. The beams from one lamp shone for a

moment upon the crouching woman, and threw her face into vivid relief. The face was young in the

groundwork, old in the finish; the general contours were flexuous and childlike, but the finer lineaments had

The pedestrian stood up, apparently with revived determination, and looked around. The road appeared to be

familiar to her, and she carefully scanned the fence as she slowly walked along. Presently there became

visible a dim white shape; it was another milestone. She drew her fingers across its face to feel the marks.

She leant against the stone as a means of rest for a short interval, then bestirred herself, and again pursued her

way. For a slight distance she bore up bravely, afterwards flagging as before. This was beside a lone

copsewood, wherein heaps of white chips strewn upon the leafy ground showed that woodmen had been

faggoting and making hurdles during the day. Now there was not a rustle, not a breeze, not the faintest clash

of twigs to keep her company. The woman looked over the gate, opened it, and went in. Close to the entrance

For a few seconds the wayfarer stood with that tense stillness which signifies itself to be not the end but

merely the suspension, of a previous motion. Her attitude was that of a person who listens, either to the

external world of sound, or to the imagined discourse of thought. A close criticism might have detected signs

proving that she was intent on the latter alternative. Moreover, as was shown by what followed, she was

oddly exercising the faculty of invention upon the speciality of the clever Jacquet Droz, the designer of

By the aid of the Casterbridge aurora, and by feeling with her hands, the woman selected two sticks from the

heaps. These sticks were nearly straight to the height of three or four feet, where each branched into a fork

like the letter Y. She sat down, snapped off the small upper twigs, and carried the remainder with her into the

road. She placed one of these forks under each arm as a crutch, tested them, timidly threw her whole weight

upon them so little that it was and swung herself forward. The girl had made for herself a material aid.

The crutches answered well. The pat of her feet, and the tap of her sticks upon the highway, were all the

sounds that came from the traveller now. She had passed the last milestone by a good long distance, and

began to look wistfully towards the bank as if calculating upon another milestone soon. The crutches, though

so very useful, had their limits of power. Mechanism only transfers labour, being powerless to supersede it,

and the original amount of exertion was not cleared away; it was thrown into the body and arms. She was

exhausted, and each swing forward became fainter. At last she swayed sideways, and fell.

Here she lay, a shapeless heap, for ten minutes and more. The morning wind began to boom dully over the

flats, and to move afresh dead leaves which had lain still since yesterday. The woman desperately turned

round upon her knees, and next rose to her feet. Steadying herself by the help of one crutch, she essayed a

step, then another, then a third, using the crutches now as walkingsticks only. Thus she progressed till

descending Mellstock Hill another milestone appeared, and soon the beginning of an ironrailed fence came

into view. She staggered across to the first post, clung to it, and looked around.

The Casterbridge lights were now individually visible, It was getting towards morning, and vehicles might be

hoped for, if not expected soon. She listened. There was not a sound of life save that acme and sublimation of

all dismal sounds, the bark of a fox, its three hollow notes being rendered at intervals of a minute with the

"Less than a mile!" the woman murmured. "No; more," she added, after a pause. "The mile is to the county

hall, and my restingplace is on the other side Casterbridge. A little over a mile, and there I am!" After an

interval she again spoke. "Five or six steps to a yard six perhaps. I have to go seventeen hundred yards. A

Holding to the rails, she advanced, thrusting one hand forward upon the rail, then the other, then leaning over

This woman was not given to soliloquy; but extremity of feeling lessens the individuality of the weak, as it

increases that of the strong. She said again in the same tone, "I'll believe that the end lies five posts forward,

This was a practical application of the principle that a halffeigned and fictitious faith is better than no faith

"I'll pass five more by believing my longedfor spot is at the next fifth. I can do it."

"That stone bridge is the end of my journey," she said, when the bridge over the Froom was in view.

She crawled to the bridge. During the effort each breath of the woman went into the air as if never to return

"Now for the truth of the matter," she said, sitting down. "The truth is, that I have less than half a mile." Self

beguilement with what she had known all the time to be false had given her strength to come over half a mile

that she would have been powerless to face in the lump. The artifice showed that the woman, by some

mysterious intuition, had grasped the paradoxical truth that blindness may operate more vigorously than

prescience, and the shortsighted effect more than the farseeing; that limitation, and not comprehensiveness,

The halfmile stood now before the sick and weary woman like a stolid Juggernaut. It was an impassive King

of her world. The road here ran across Durnover Moor, open to the road on either side. She surveyed the wide

space, the lights, herself, sighed, and lay down against a guardstone of the bridge.

Never was ingenuity exercised so sorely as the traveller here exercised hers. Every conceivable aid, method,

stratagem, mechanism, by which these last desperate eight hundred yards could be overpassed by a human

being unperceived, was revolved in her busy brain, and dismissed as impracticable. She thought of sticks,

wheels, crawling she even thought of rolling. But the exertion demanded by either of these latter two was

greater than to walk erect. The faculty of contrivance was worn out, Hopelessness had come at last.

From the stripe of shadow on the opposite side of the bridge a portion of shade seemed to detach itself and

move into isolation upon the pale white of the road. It glided noiselessly towards the recumbent woman.

She became conscious of something touching her hand; it was softness and it was warmth. She opened her

He was a huge, heavy, and quiet creature, standing darkly against the low horizon, and at least two feet higher

than the present position of her eyes. Whether Newfoundland, mastiff, bloodhound, or what not, it was

impossible to say. He seemed to be of too strange and mysterious a nature to belong to any variety among

those of popular nomenclature. Being thus assignable to no breed, he was the ideal embodiment of canine

greatness a generalization from what was common to all. Night, in its sad, solemn, and benevolent aspect,

apart from its stealthy and cruel side, was personified in this form. Darkness endows the small and ordinary

ones among mankind with poetical power, and even the suffering woman threw her idea into figure.

In her reclining position she looked up to him just as in earlier times she had, when standing, looked up to a

man. The animal, who was as homeless as she, respectfully withdrew a step or two when the woman moved,

A thought moved within her like lightning. "Perhaps I can make use of him I might do it then!"

She pointed in the direction of Casterbridge, and the dog seemed to misunderstand: he trotted on. Then,

The ultimate and saddest singularity of woman's effort and invention was reached when, with a quickened

breathing, she rose to a stooping posture, and, resting her two little arms upon the shoulders of the dog, leant

firmly thereon, and murmured stimulating words. Whilst she sorrowed in her heart she cheered with her

voice, and what was stranger than that the strong should need encouragement from the weak was that

cheerfulness should be so well stimulated by such utter dejection. Her friend moved forward slowly, and she

with small mincing steps moved forward beside him, half her weight being thrown upon the animal.

Sometimes she sank as she had sunk from walking erect, from the crutches, from the rails. The dog, who now

thoroughly understood her desire and her incapacity, was frantic in his distress on these occasions; he would

tug at her dress and run forward. She always called him back, and it was now to be observed that the woman

listened for human sounds only to avoid them. It was evident that she had an object in keeping her presence

Their progress was necessarily very slow. They reached the bottom of the town, and the Casterbridge lamps

lay before them like fallen Pleiads as they turned to the left into the dense shade of a deserted avenue of

chestnuts, and so skirted the borough. Thus the town was passed, and the goal was reached.

On this muchdesired spot outside the town rose a picturesque building. Originally it had been a mere case to

hold people. The shell had been so thin, so devoid of excrescence, and so closely drawn over the

accommodation granted, that the grim character of what was beneath showed through it, as the shape of a

Then Nature, as if offended, lent a hand. Masses of ivy grew up, completely covering the walls, till the place

looked like an abbey; and it was discovered that the view from the front, over the Casterbridge chimneys, was

one of the most magnificent in the county. A neighbouring earl once said that he would give up a year's rental

to have at his own door the view enjoyed by the inmates from theirs and very probably the inmates would

This stone edifice consisted of a central mass and two wings, whereon stood as sentinels a few slim

chimneys, now gurgling sorrowfully to the slow wind. In the wall was a gate, and by the gate a bellpull

formed of a hanging wire. The woman raised herself as high as possible upon her knees, and could just reach

the handle. She moved it and fell forwards in a bowed attitude, her face upon her bosom.

It was getting on towards six o'clock, and sounds of movement were to be heard inside the building which

was the haven of rest to this wearied soul. A little door by the large one was opened, and a man appeared

inside. He discerned the panting heap of clothes, went back for a light, and came again. He entered a second

These lifted the prostrate figure and assisted her in through the doorway. The man then closed the door.

There is a dog outside," murmured the overcome traveller. "Where is he gone? He helped me."

The little procession then moved forward the man in front bearing the light, the two bony women next,

supporting between them the small and supple one. Thus they entered the house and disappeared.

BATHSHEBA said very little to her husband all that evening of their return from market, and he was not

disposed to say much to her. He exhibited the unpleasant combination of a restless condition with a silent

tongue. The next day, which was Sunday, passed nearly in the same manner as regarded their taciturnity,

Bathsheba going to church both morning and afternoon. This was the day before the Budmouth races. In the

"The fact is, I want it badly." The anxiety upon Troy's face was unusual and very marked. It was a

Troy for the moment made no reply. Her mistake had its advantages to a man who shrank from having his

mind inspected as he did now. "Well, suppose I do want it for races?" he said, at last.

"Oh, Frank!" Bathsheba replied, and there was such a volume of entreaty in the words. "Only such a few

weeks ago you said that I was far sweeter than all your other pleasures put together, and that you would give

them all up for me; and now, won't you give up this one, which is more a worry than a pleasure? Do, Frank.

Come, let me fascinate you by all I can do by pretty words and pretty looks, and everything I can think of

The tenderest and softest phases of Bathsheba's nature were prominent now advanced impulsively for his

acceptance, without any of the disguises and defences which the wariness of her character when she was cool

too frequently threw over them. Few men could have resisted the arch yet dignified entreaty of the beautiful

face, thrown a little back and sideways in the well known attitude that expresses more than the words it

accompanies, and which seems to have been designed for these special occasions. Had the woman not been

his wife, Troy would have succumbed instantly; as it was, he thought he would not deceive her longer.

"What is it for?" she asked. "You worry me a great deal by these mysterious responsibilities, Frank."

Troy hesitated. He did not now love her enough to allow himself to be carried too far by her ways. Yet it was

necessary to be civil. "You wrong me by such a suspicious manner," he said. "Such straitwaistcoating as

"I think that I have a right to grumble a little if I pay," she said, with features between a smile and a pout.

"Exactly; and, the former being done, suppose we proceed to the latter. Bathsheba, fun is all very well, but

"I wish you wouldn't talk like that. You grieve me to my soul by being smart at my expense."

"'Twould be much more becoming if you set yourself to cure them. Come, let's strike a balance with the

She gave a sigh of resignation. "I have about that sum here for household expenses. If you must have it, take

"Very good. Thank you. I expect I shall have gone away before you are in to breakfast tomorrow."

"And must you go? Ah! there was a time, Frank, when it would have taken a good many promises to other

people to drag you away from me. You used to call me darling, then. But it doesn't matter to you how my

"I must go, in spite of sentiment." Troy, as he spoke, looked at his watch, and, apparently actuated by NON

LUCENDO principles, opened the case at the back, revealing, snugly stowed within it, a small coil of hair.

Bathsheba's eyes had been accidentally lifted at that moment, and she saw the action and saw the hair. She

flushed in pain and surprise, and some words escaped her before she had thought whether or not it was wise

Troy had instantly closed his watch. He carelessly replied, as one who cloaked some feelings that the sight

had stirred. "Why, yours, of course. Whose should it be? I had quite forgotten that I had it."

"Very well I'll tell you, so make no more ado. It is the hair of a young woman I was going to marry before I

"Oh ho I like that!" said Troy, recovering himself. "Why, her hair has been admired by everybody who

has seen her since she has worn it loose, which has not been long. It is beautiful hair. People used to turn their

"Pooh! that's nothing that's nothing!" she exclaimed, in incipient accents of pique. "If I cared for your love

"Bathsheba, don't be so fitful and jealous. You knew what married life would be like, and shouldn't have

Troy had by this time driven her to bitterness: her heart was big in her throat, and the ducts to her eyes were

"This is all I get for loving you so well! Ah! when I married you your life was dearer to me than my own. I

would have died for you how truly I can say that I would have died for you! And now you sneer at my

foolishness in marrying you. O! is it kind to me to throw my mistake in my face? Whatever opinion you may

have of my wisdom, you should not tell me of it so mercilessly, now that I am in your power."

"I can't help how things fall out," said Troy; "upon my heart, women will be the death of me!"

Frank went on as if he had not heard her. "There are considerations even before my consideration for you;

reparations to be made ties you know nothing of. If you repent of marrying, so do I."

Trembling now, she put her hand upon his arm, saying, in mingled tones of wretchedness and coaxing, "I

only repent it if you don't love me better than any woman in the world! I don't otherwise, Frank. You don't

"You won't burn that curl. You like the woman who owns that pretty hair yes; it is pretty more

beautiful than my miserable black mane! Well, it is no use; I can't help being ugly. You must like her best, if

"Until today, when I took it from a drawer, I have never looked upon that bit of hair for several months

"A mere jest!" she said, in mournful astonishment. "Can you jest when I am so wretchedly in earnest? Tell

me the truth, Frank. I am not a fool, you know, although I am a woman, and have my woman's moments.

Come! treat me fairly," she said, looking honestly and fearlessly into his face. "I don't want much; bare

justice that's all! Ah! once I felt I could be content with nothing less than the highest homage from the

husband I should choose. Now, anything short of cruelty will content me. Yes! the independent and spirited

"For Heaven's sake don't be so desperate!" Troy said, snappishly, rising as he did so, and leaving the room.

Directly he had gone, Bathsheba burst into great sobs dryeyed sobs, which cut as they came, without any

softening by tears. But she determined to repress all evidences of feeling. She was conquered; but she would

never own it as long as she lived. Her pride was indeed brought low by despairing discoveries of her

spoliation by marriage with a less pure nature than her own. She chafed to and fro in rebelliousness, like a

caged leopard; her whole soul was in arms, and the blood fired her face. Until she had met Troy, Bathsheba

had been proud of her position as a woman; it had been a glory to her to know that her lips had been touched

by no man's on earth that her waist had never been encircled by a lover's arm. She hated herself now. In

those earlier days she had always nourished a secret contempt for girls who were the slaves of the first

goodlooking young fellow who should choose to salute them. She had never taken kindly to the idea of

marriage in the abstract as did the majority of women she saw about her. In the turmoil of her anxiety for her

lover she had agreed to marry him; but the perception that had accompanied her happiest hours on this

account was rather that of self sacrifice than of promotion and honour. Although she scarcely knew the

divinity's name, Diana was the goddess whom Bathsheba instinctively adored. That she had never, by look,

word, or sign, encouraged a man to approach her that she had felt herself sufficient to herself, and had in

the independence of her girlish heart fancied there was a certain degradation in renouncing the simplicity of a

maiden existence to become the humbler half of an indifferent matrimonial whole were facts now bitterly

remembered. Oh, if she had never stooped to folly of this kind, respectable as it was, and could only stand

again, as she had stood on the hill at Norcombe, and dare Troy or any other man to pollute a hair of her head

The next morning she rose earlier than usual, and had the horse saddled for her ride round the farm in the

customary way. When she came in at halfpast eight their usual hour for breakfasting she was

informed that her husband had risen, taken his breakfast, and driven off to Casterbridge with the gig and

After breakfast she was cool and collected quite herself in fact and she rambled to the gate, intending

to walk to another quarter of the farm, which she still personally superintended as well as her duties in the

house would permit, continually, however, finding herself preceded in forethought by Gabriel Oak, for whom

she began to entertain the genuine friendship of a sister. Of course, she sometimes thought of him in the light

of an old lover, and had momentary imaginings of what life with him as a husband would have been like; also

of life with Boldwood under the same conditions. But Bathsheba, though she could feel, was not much given

to futile dreaming, and her musings under this head were short and entirely confined to the times when Troy's

She saw coming up the road a man like Mr. Boldwood. It was Mr. Boldwood. Bathsheba blushed painfully,

and watched. The farmer stopped when still a long way off, and held up his hand to Gabriel Oak, who was in

a footpath across the field. The two men then approached each other and seemed to engage in earnest

Thus they continued for a long time. Joseph Poorgrass now passed near them, wheeling a barrow of apples up

the hill to Bathsheba's residence. Boldwood and Gabriel called to him, spoke to him for a few minutes, and

Bathsheba, who had seen this pantomime with some surprise, experienced great relief when Boldwood turned

He set down his barrow, and, putting upon himself the refined aspect that a conversation with a lady required,

"I don't know for certain; but I should be inclined to think it was from general neshness of constitution. She

was such a limber maid that 'a could stand no hardship, even when I knowed her, and 'a went like a

candlesnoff, so 'tis said. She was took bad in the morning, and, being quite feeble and worn out, she died in

the evening. She belongs by law to our parish; and Mr. Boldwood is going to send a waggon at three this

"Indeed I shall not let Mr. Boldwood do any such thing I shall do it! Fanny was my uncle's servant, and,

although I only knew her for a couple of days, she belongs to me. How very, very sad this is! the idea of

Fanny being in a workhouse." Bathsheba had begun to know what suffering was, and she spoke with real

feeling.... "Send across to Mr. Boldwood's, and say that Mrs. Troy will take upon herself the duty of fetching

an old servant of the family.... We ought not to put her in a waggon; we'll get a hearse."

"Perhaps not," she said, musingly. "When did you say we must be at the door three o'clock?"

"Very well you go with it. A pretty waggon is better than an ugly hearse, after all. Joseph, have the new

spring waggon with the blue body and red wheels, and wash it very clean. And, Joseph "

"Carry with you some evergreens and flowers to put upon her coffin indeed, gather a great many, and

completely bury her in them. Get some boughs of laurustinus, and variegated box, and yew, and boy'slove;

ay, and some hunches of chrysanthemum. And let old Pleasant draw her, because she knew him so well."

"I will, ma'am. I ought to have said that the Union, in the form of four labouring men, will meet me when I

gets to our churchyard gate, and take her and bury her according to the rites of the Board of Guardians, as by

"Dear me Casterbridge Union and is Fanny come to this?" said Bathsheba, musing. "I wish I had

"No. She first went to live in a garrisontown t'other side o' Wessex, and since then she's been picking up a

living at seampstering in Melchester for several months, at the house of a very respectable widowwoman

who takes in work of that sort. She only got handy the Unionhouse on Sunday morning 'a b'lieve, and 'tis

supposed here and there that she had traipsed every step of the way from Melchester. Why she left her place,

I can't say, for I don't know; and as to a lie, why, I wouldn't tell it. That's the short of the story, ma'am."

No gem ever flashed from a rosy ray to a white one more rapidly than changed the young wife's countenance

whilst this word came from her in a longdrawn breath. "Did she walk along our turnpikeroad?" she said, in

"I believe she did.... Ma'am, shall I call Liddy? You bain't well, ma'am, surely? You look like a lily so

"Really, mistress, now that 'tis put to me so judgeandjury like, I can't call to mind, if ye'll believe me!"

She turned herself away from him, that he might no longer notice the mood which had set its sign so visibly

upon her, and went indoors with a distressing sense of faintness and a beating brow. About an hour after, she

heard the noise of the waggon and went out, still with a painful consciousness of her bewildered and troubled

look. Joseph, dressed in his best suit of clothes, was putting in the horse to start. The shrubs and flowers were

"I'm sure that all I know is that she arrived in the morning and died in the evening without further parley.

What Oak and Mr. Boldwood told me was only these few words. 'Little Fanny Robin is dead, Joseph,' Gabriel

said, looking in my face in his steady old way. I was very sorry, and I said, 'Ah! and how did she come to

die?' 'Well, she's dead in Casterhridge Union,' he said, 'and perhaps 'tisn't much matter about how she came to

die. She reached the Union early Sunday morning, and died in the afternoon that's clear enough.' Then I

asked what she'd been doing lately, and Mr. Boldwood turned round to me then, and left off spitting a thistle

with the end of his stick. He told me about her having lived by seampstering in Melchester, as I mentioned to

you, and that she walked therefrom at the end of last week, passing near here Saturday night in the dusk.

They then said I had better just name a hint of her death to you, and away they went. Her death might have

been brought on by biding in the night wind, you know, ma'am; for people used to say she'd go off in a

decline: she used to cough a good deal in winter time. However, 'tisn't much odds to us about that now, for

"Have you heard a different story at all?" She looked at him so intently that Joseph's eyes quailed.

"Not a word, mistress, I assure 'ee!" he said. "Hardly anybody in the parish knows the news yet."

"I wonder why Gabriel didn't bring the message to me himself. He mostly makes a point of seeing me upon

the most trifling errand." These words were merely murmured, and she was looking upon the ground.

"Perhaps he was busy, ma'am," Joseph suggested. "And sometimes he seems to suffer from things upon his

mind, connected with the time when he was better off than 'a is now. 'A's rather a curious item, but a very

"I cannot but say that there did, ma'am. He was terrible down, and so was Farmer Boldwood."

Bathsheba, still unhappy, went indoors again. In the course of the afternoon she said to Liddy, Who had been

informed of the occurrence, "What was the colour of poor Fanny Robin's hair? Do you know? I cannot

"It was light, ma'am; but she wore it rather short, and packed away under her cap, so that you would hardly

notice it. But I have seen her let it down when she was going to bed, and it looked beautiful then. Real golden

"One day I just named it to him, and asked him if he knew Fanny's young man. He said, "Oh yes, he knew the

young man as well as he knew himself, and that there wasn't a man in the regiment he liked better."

"Yes; and he said there was a strong likeness between himself and the other young man, so that sometimes

"Liddy, for Heaven's sake stop your talking!" said Bathsheba, with the nervous petulance that comes from

A WALL bounded the site of Casterbridge Unionhouse, except along a portion of the end. Here a high gable

stood prominent, and it was covered like the front with a mat of ivy. In this gable was no window, chimney,

ornament, or protuberance of any kind. The single feature appertaining to it, beyond the expanse of dark

The situation of the door was peculiar. The sill was three or four feet above the ground, and for a moment one

was at a loss for an explanation of this exceptional altitude, till ruts immediately beneath suggested that the

door was used solely for the passage of articles and persons to and from the level of a vehicle standing on the

outside. Upon the whole, the door seemed to advertise itself as a species of Traitor's Gate translated to

another sphere. That entry and exit hereby was only at rare intervals became apparent on noting that tufts of

As the clock over the Southstreet Almshouse pointed to five minutes to three, a blue spring waggon,

picked out with red, and containing boughs and flowers, passed the end of the street, and up towards this side

of the building. Whilst the chimes were yet stammering out a shattered form of "Malbrook." Joseph

Poorgrass rang the bell, and received directions to back his waggon against the high door under the gable.

The door then opened, and a plain elm coffin was slowly thrust forth, and laid by two men in fustian along

One of the men then stepped up beside it, took from his pocket a lump of chalk, and wrote upon the cover the

name and a few other words in a large scrawling hand. (We believe that they do these things more tenderly

now, and provide a plate.) He covered the whole with a black cloth, threadbare, but decent, the tailboard of

the waggon was returned to its place, one of the men handed a certificate of registry to Poorgrass, and both

entered the door, closing it behind them. Their connection with her, short as it had been, was over for ever.

Joseph then placed the flowers as enjoined, and the evergreens around the flowers, till it was difficult to

divine what the waggon contained; he smacked his whip, and the rather pleasing funeral car crept down the

The afternoon drew on apace, and, looking to the right towards the sea as he walked beside the horse,

Poorgrass saw strange clouds and scrolls of mist rolling over the long ridges which girt the landscape in that

quarter. They came in yet greater volumes, and indolently crept across the intervening valleys, and around the

withered papery flags of the moor and river brinks. Then their dank spongy forms closed in upon the sky. It

was a sudden overgrowth of atmospheric fungi which had their roots in the neighbouring sea, and by the time

that horse, man, and corpse entered Yalbury Great Wood, these silent workings of an invisible hand had

reached them, and they were completely enveloped, this being the first arrival of the autumn fogs, and the

The air was as an eye suddenly struck blind. The waggon and its load rolled no longer on the horizontal

division between clearness and opacity, but were imbedded in an elastic body of a monotonous pallor

throughout. There was no perceptible motion in the air, not a visible drop of water fell upon a leaf of the

beeches, birches, and firs composing the wood on either side. The trees stood in an attitude of intentness, as if

they waited longingly for a wind to come and rock them. A startling quiet overhung all surrounding things

so completely, that the crunching of the waggonwheels was as a great noise, and small rustles, which had

Joseph Poorgrass looked round upon his sad burden as it loomed faintly through the flowering laurustinus,

then at the unfathomable gloom amid the high trees on each hand, indistinct, shadowless, and spectrelike in

their monochrome of grey. He felt anything but cheerful, and wished he had the company even of a child or

dog. Stopping the horse, he listened. Not a footstep or wheel was audible anywhere around, and the dead

silence was broken only by a heavy particle falling from a tree through the evergreens and alighting with a

smart rap upon the coffin of poor Fanny. The fog had by this time saturated the trees, and this was the first

dropping of water from the overbrimming leaves. The hollow echo of its fall reminded the waggoner

painfully of the grim Leveller. Then hard by came down another drop, then two or three. Presently there was

a continual tapping of these heavy drops upon the dead leaves, the road, and the travellers. The nearer boughs

were beaded with the mist to the greyness of aged men, and the rustyred leaves of the beeches were hung

At the roadside hamlet called RoyTown, just beyond this wood, was the old inn Buck's Head. It was about a

mile and a half from Weatherbury, and in the meridian times of stage coach travelling had been the place

where many coaches changed and kept their relays of horses. All the old stabling was now pulled down, and

little remained besides the habitable inn itself, which, standing a little way back from the road, signified its

existence to people far up and down the highway by a sign hanging from the horizontal bough of an elm on

Travellers for the variety TOURIST had hardly developed into a distinct species at this date sometimes

said in passing, when they cast their eyes up to the signbearing tree, that artists were fond of representing

the signboard hanging thus, but that they themselves had never before noticed so perfect an instance in actual

working order. It was near this tree that the waggon was standing into which Gabriel Oak crept on his first

journey to Weatherbury; but, owing to the darkness, the sign and the inn had been unobserved.

The manners of the inn were of the oldestablished type. Indeed, in the minds of its frequenters they existed

It was a relief to Joseph's heart when the friendly signboard came in view, and, stopping his horse

immediately beneath it, he proceeded to fulfil an intention made a long time before. His spirits were oozing

out of him quite. He turned the horse's head to the green bank, and entered the hostel for a mug of ale.

Going down into the kitchen of the inn, the floor of which was a step below the passage, which in its turn was

a step below the road outside, what should Joseph see to gladden his eyes but two coppercoloured discs, in

the form of the countenances of Mr. Jan Coggan and Mr. Mark Clark. These owners of the two most

appreciative throats in the neighbourhood, within the pale of respectability, were now sitting face to face over

a threelegged circular table, having an iron rim to keep cups and pots from being accidentally elbowed off;

they might have been said to resemble the setting sun and the full moon shining VISAVIS across the

"Why, 'tis neighbour Poorgrass!" said Mark Clark. "I'm sure your face don't praise your mistress's table,

"I've had a very pale companion for the last four miles," said Joseph, indulging in a shudder toned down by

resignation. "And to speak the truth, 'twas beginning to tell upon me. I assure ye, I ha'n't seed the colour of

victuals or drink since breakfast time this morning, and that was no more than a dewbit afield."

"Then drink, Joseph, and don't restrain yourself!" said Coggan, handing him a hooped mug threequarters

Joseph drank for a moderately long time, then for a longer time, saying, as he lowered the jug, "'Tis pretty

drinking very pretty drinking, and is more than cheerful on my melancholy errand, so to speak it."

"True, drink is a pleasant delight," said Jan, as one who repeated a truism so familiar to his brain that he

hardly noticed its passage over his tongue; and, lifting the cup, Coggan tilted his head gradually backwards,

with closed eyes, that his expectant soul might not be diverted for one instant from its bliss by irrelevant

"Well, I must be on again," said Poorgrass. "Not but that I should like another nip with ye; but the parish

"Back to Weatherbury. I've got poor little Fanny Robin in my waggon outside, and I must be at the

"Ay I've heard of it. And so she's nailed up in parish boards after all, and nobody to pay the bell shilling

"The parish pays the grave halfcrown, but not the bell shilling, because the bell's a luxery: but 'a can hardly

"A pretty maid as ever I see! But what's yer hurry, Joseph? The pore woman's dead, and you can't bring her to

"I don't mind taking just the least thimbleful ye can dream of more with ye, sonnies. But only a few minutes,

"Of course, you'll have another drop. A man's twice the man afterwards. You feel so warm and glorious, and

you whop and slap at your work without any trouble, and everything goes on like sticks abreaking. Too

much liquor is bad, and leads us to that horned man in the smoky house; but after all, many people haven't the

gift of enjoying a wet, and since we be highly favoured with a power that way, we should make the most o't."

"True," said Mark Clark. "'Tis a talent the Lord has mercifully bestowed upon us, and we ought not to neglect

it. But, what with the parsons and clerks and schoolpeople and serious teaparties, the merry old ways of

"Now, now, Joseph; nonsense! The poor woman is dead, isn't she, and what's your hurry?"

"Well, I hope Providence won't be in a way with me for my doings," said Joseph, again sitting down. "I've

been troubled with weak moments lately, 'tis true. I've been drinky once this month already, and I did not go

to church aSunday, and I dropped a curse or two yesterday; so I don't want to go too far for my safety. Your

"I won't say much for myself; I don't wish to," Coggan continued, with that tendency to talk on principles

which is characteristic of the barleycorn. "But I've never changed a single doctrine: I've stuck like a plaster

to the old faith I was born in. Yes; there's this to be said for the Church, a man can belong to the Church and

bide in his cheerful old inn, and never trouble or worry his mind about doctrines at all. But to be a meetinger,

you must go to chapel in all winds and weathers, and make yerself as frantic as a skit. Not but that chapel

members be clever chaps enough in their way. They can lift up beautiful prayers out of their own heads, all

"They can they can," said Mark Clark, with corroborative feeling; "but we Churchmen, you see, must

have it all printed aforehand, or, dang it all, we should no more know what to say to a great gaffer like the

"Chapelfolk be more handinglove with them above than we," said Joseph, thoughtfully.

"Yes," said Coggan. "We know very well that if anybody do go to heaven, they will. They've worked hard for

it, and they deserve to have it, such as 'tis. I bain't such a fool as to pretend that we who stick to the Church

have the same chance as they, because we know we have not. But I hate a feller who'll change his old ancient

doctrines for the sake of getting to heaven. I'd as soon turn king'sevidence for the few pounds you get. Why,

neighbours, when every one of my taties were frosted, our Parson Thirdly were the man who gave me a sack

for seed, though he hardly had one for his own use, and no money to buy 'em. If it hadn't been for him, I

shouldn't hae had a tatie to put in my garden. D'ye think I'd turn after that? No, I'll stick to my side; and if we

"Well said very well said," observed Joseph. "However, folks, I must be moving now: upon my life I

must. Pa'son Thirdly will be waiting at the church gates, and there's the woman abiding outside in the

"Joseph Poorgrass, don't be so miserable! Pa'son Thirdly won't mind. He's a generous man; he's found me in

tracts for years, and I've consumed a good many in the course of a long and shady life; but he's never been the

The longer Joseph Poorgrass remained, the less his spirit was troubled by the duties which devolved upon

him this afternoon. The minutes glided by uncounted, until the evening shades began perceptibly to deepen,

and the eyes of the three were but sparkling points on the surface of darkness. Coggan's repeater struck six

At that moment hasty steps were heard in the entry, and the door opened to admit the figure of Gabriel Oak,

followed by the maid of the inn bearing a candle. He stared sternly at the one lengthy and two round faces of

the sitters, which confronted him with the expressions of a fiddle and a couple of warmingpans. Joseph

"Upon my soul, I'm ashamed of you; 'tis disgraceful, Joseph, disgraceful!" said Gabriel, indignantly.

Coggan looked up indefinitely at Oak, one or other of his eyes occasionally opening and closing of its own

accord, as if it were not a member, but a dozy individual with a distinct personality.

"Don't take on so, shepherd!" said Mark Clark, looking reproachfully at the candle, which appeared to

"Nobody can hurt a dead woman," at length said Coggan, with the precision of a machine. "All that could be

done for her is done she's beyond us: and why should a man put himself in a tearing hurry for lifeless clay

that can neither feel nor see, and don't know what you do with her at all? If she'd been alive, I would have

been the first to help her. If she now wanted victuals and drink, I'd pay for it, money down. But she's dead,

and no speed of ours will bring her to life. The woman's past us time spent upon her is throwed away: why

should we hurry to do what's not required? Drink, shepherd, and be friends, for tomorrow we may be like

"We may," added Mark Clark, emphatically, at once drinking himself, to run no further risk of losing his

chance by the event alluded to, Jan meanwhile merging his additional thoughts of tomorrow in a song:

"Do hold thy horning, Jan!" said Oak; and turning upon Poorgrass, "as for you, Joseph, who do your wicked

"No, Shepherd Oak, no! Listen to reason, shepherd. All that's the matter with me is the affliction called a

multiplying eye, and that's how it is I look double to you I mean, you look double to me."

"It always comes on when I have been in a publichouse a little time," said Joseph Poorgrass, meekly. "Yes; I

see two of every sort, as if I were some holy man living in the times of King Noah and entering into the ark....

Yyy yes," he added, becoming much affected by the picture of himself as a person thrown away, and

shedding tears; "I feel too good for England: I ought to have lived in Genesis by rights, like the other men of

"Show myself a man of spirit? ... Ah, well! let me take the name of drunkard humbly let me be a man of

contrite knees let it be! I know that I always do say "Please God" afore I do anything, from my getting up

to my going down of the same, and I be willing to take as much disgrace as there is in that holy act. Hah, yes!

... But not a man of spirit? Have I ever allowed the toe of pride to be lifted against my hinder parts without

groaning manfully that I question the right to do so? I inquire that query boldly?"

"Never have I allowed such treatment to pass unquestioned! Yet the shepherd says in the face of that rich

testimony that I be not a man of spirit! Well, let it pass by, and death is a kind friend!"

Gabriel, seeing that neither of the three was in a fit state to take charge of the waggon for the remainder of the

journey, made no reply, but, closing the door again upon them, went across to where the vehicle stood, now

getting indistinct in the fog and gloom of this mildewy time. He pulled the horse's head from the large patch

of turf it had eaten bare, readjusted the boughs over the coffin, and drove along through the unwholesome

It had gradually become rumoured in the village that the body to be brought and buried that day was all that

was left of the unfortunate Fanny Robin who had followed the Eleventh from Casterbridge through

Melchester and onwards. But, thanks to Boldwood's reticence and Oak's generosity, the lover she had

followed had never been individualized as Troy. Gabriel hoped that the whole truth of the matter might not be

published till at any rate the girl had been in her grave for a few days, when the interposing barriers of earth

and time, and a sense that the events had been somewhat shut into oblivion, would deaden the sting that

By the time that Gabriel reached the old manorhouse, her residence, which lay in his way to the church, it

was quite dark. A man came from the gate and said through the fog, which hung between them like blown

"I have just been to inquire of Mrs. Troy if she could tell me the reason of the delay. I am afraid it is too late

now for the funeral to be performed with proper decency. Have you the registrar's certificate?"

"No," said Gabriel. "I expect Poorgrass has that; and he's at the Buck's Head. I forgot to ask him for it."

"Then that settles the matter. We'll put off the funeral till tomorrow morning. The body may be brought on

to the church, or it may be left here at the farm and fetched by the bearers in the morning. They waited more

Gabriel had his reasons for thinking the latter a most objectionable plan, notwithstanding that Fanny had been

an inmate of the farmhouse for several years in the lifetime of Bathsheba's uncle. Visions of several

unhappy contingencies which might arise from this delay flitted before him. But his will was not law, and he

went indoors to inquire of his mistress what were her wishes on the subject. He found her in an unusual

mood: her eyes as she looked up to him were suspicious and perplexed as with some antecedent thought.

Troy had not yet returned. At first Bathsheba assented with a mien of indifference to his proposition that they

should go on to the church at once with their burden; but immediately afterwards, following Gabriel to the

gate, she swerved to the extreme of solicitousness on Fanny's account, and desired that the girl might be

brought into the house. Oak argued upon the convenience of leaving her in the waggon, just as she lay now,

with her flowers and green leaves about her, merely wheeling the vehicle into the coachhouse till the

morning, but to no purpose, "It is unkind and unchristian," she said, "to leave the poor thing in a coachhouse

"Very well, then," said the parson. "And I will arrange that the funeral shall take place early tomorrow.

Perhaps Mrs. Troy is right in feeling that we cannot treat a dead fellowcreature too thoughtfully. We must

remember that though she may have erred grievously in leaving her home, she is still our sister: and it is to be

believed that God's uncovenanted mercies are extended towards her, and that she is a member of the flock of

The parson's words spread into the heavy air with a sad yet unperturbed cadence, and Gabriel shed an honest

tear. Bathsheba seemed unmoved. Mr. Thirdly then left them, and Gabriel lighted a lantern. Fetching three

other men to assist him, they bore the unconscious truant indoors, placing the coffin on two benches in the

Every one except Gabriel Oak then left the room. He still indecisively lingered beside the body. He was

deeply troubled at the wretchedly ironical aspect that circumstances were putting on with regard to Troy's

wife, and at his own powerlessness to counteract them. In spite of his careful manoeuvring all this day, the

very worst event that could in any way have happened in connection with the burial had happened now. Oak

imagined a terrible discovery resulting from this afternoon's work that might cast over Bathsheba's life a

shade which the interposition of many lapsing years might but indifferently lighten, and which nothing at all

Suddenly, as in a last attempt to save Bathsheba from, at any rate, immediate anguish, he looked again, as he

had looked before, at the chalk writing upon the coffinlid. The scrawl was this simple one, "FANNY ROBIN

AND CHILD." Gabriel took his handkerchief and carefully rubbed out the two latter words, leaving visible

the inscription "FANNY ROBIN" only. He then left the room, and went out quietly by the front door.

"DO you want me any longer ma'am?" inquired Liddy, at a later hour the same evening, standing by the door

with a chamber candlestick in her hand and addressing Bathsheba, who sat cheerless and alone in the large

"I'll sit up for master if you like, ma'am. I am not at all afraid of Fanny, if I may sit in my own room and have

a candle. She was such a childlike, nesh young thing that her spirit couldn't appear to anybody if it tried, I'm

"Oh no, no! You go to bed. I'll sit up for him myself till twelve o'clock, and if he has not arrived by that time,

"Why don't I?" said Bathsheba, desultorily. "It isn't worth while there's a fire here, Liddy." She suddenly

exclaimed in an impulsive and excited whisper, Have you heard anything strange said of Fanny?" The words

had no sooner escaped her than an expression of unutterable regret crossed her face, and she burst into tears.

"No not a word!" said Liddy, looking at the weeping woman with astonishment. "What is it makes you

cry so, ma'am; has anything hurt you?" She came to Bathsheba's side with a face full of sympathy.

"No, Liddy I don't want you any more. I can hardly say why I have taken to crying lately: I never used to

Bathsheba was lonely and miserable now; not lonelier actually than she had been before her marriage; but her

loneliness then was to that of the present time as the solitude of a mountain is to the solitude of a cave. And

within the last day or two had come these disquieting thoughts about her husband's past. Her wayward

sentiment that evening concerning Fanny's temporary restingplace had been the result of a strange

complication of impulses in Bathsheba's bosom. Perhaps it would be more accurately described as a

determined rebellion against her prejudices, a revulsion from a lower instinct of uncharitableness, which

would have withheld all sympathy from the dead woman, because in life she had preceded Bathsheba in the

attentions of a man whom Bathsheba had by no means ceased from loving, though her love was sick to death

In five or ten minutes there was another tap at the door. Liddy reappeared, and coming in a little way stood

hesitating, until at length she said, "Maryann has just heard something very strange, but I know it isn't true.

"Oh, nothing connected with you or us, ma'am. It is about Fanny. That same thing you have heard."

"I mean that a wicked story is got to Weatherbury within this last hour that " Liddy came close to

her mistress and whispered the remainder of the sentence slowly into her ear, inclining her head as she spoke

"I don't believe it!" she said, excitedly. "And there's only one name written on the coffincover."

"Nor I, ma'am. And a good many others don't; for we should surely have been told more about it if it had

Bathsheba turned and looked into the fire, that Liddy might not see her face. Finding that her mistress was

going to say no more, Liddy glided out, closed the door softly, and went to bed.

Bathsheba's face, as she continued looking into the fire that evening, might have excited solicitousness on her

account even among those who loved her least. The sadness of Fanny Robin's fate did not make Bathsheba's

glorious, although she was the Esther to this poor Vashti, and their fates might be supposed to stand in some

respects as contrasts to each other. When Liddy came into the room a second time the beautiful eyes which

met hers had worn a listless, weary look. When she went out after telling the story they had expressed

wretchedness in full activity. Her simple contrary nature, fed on oldfashioned principles, was troubled by

that which would have troubled a woman of the world very little, both Fanny and her child, if she had one

Bathsheba had grounds for conjecturing a connection between her own history and the dimly suspected

tragedy of Fanny's end which Oak and Boldwood never for a moment credited her with possessing. The

meeting with the lonely woman on the previous Saturday night had been unwitnessed and unspoken of. Oak

may have had the best of intentions in withholding for as many days as possible the details of what had

happened to Fanny; but had he known that Bathsheba's perceptions had already been exercised in the matter,

he would have done nothing to lengthen the minutes of suspense she was now undergoing, when the certainty

She suddenly felt a longing desire to speak to some one stronger than herself, and so get strength to sustain

her surmised position with dignity and her lurking doubts with stoicism. Where could she find such a friend?

nowhere in the house. She was by far the coolest of the women under her roof. Patience and suspension of

judgement for a few hours were what she wanted to learn, and there was nobody to teach her. Might she but

go to Gabriel Oak! but that could not be. What a way Oak had, she thought, of enduring things.

Boldwood, who seemed so much deeper and higher and stronger in feeling than Gabriel, had not yet learnt,

any more than she herself, the simple lesson which Oak showed a mastery of by every turn and look he gave

that among the multitude of interests by which he was surrounded, those which affected his personal

wellbeing were not the most absorbing and important in his eyes. Oak meditatively looked upon the horizon

of circumstances without any special regard to his own standpoint in the midst. That was how she would wish

to be. But then Oak was not racked by incertitude upon the inmost matter of his bosom, as she was at this

moment. Oak knew all about Fanny that he wished to know she felt convinced of that. If she were to go to

him now at once and say no more than these few words, "What is the truth of the story?" he would feel bound

in honour to tell her. It would be an inexpressible relief. No further speech would need to be uttered. He knew

She flung a cloak round her, went to the door and opened it. Every blade, every twig was still. The air was yet

thick with moisture, though somewhat less dense than during the afternoon, and a steady smack of drops

upon the fallen leaves under the boughs was almost musical in its soothing regularity. It seemed better to be

out of the house than within it, and Bathsheba closed the door, and walked slowly down the lane till she came

opposite to Gabriel's cottage, where he now lived alone, having left Coggan's house through being pinched

for room. There was a light in one window only, and that was downstairs. The shutters were not closed, nor

was any blind or curtain drawn over the window, neither robbery nor observation being a contingency which

could do much injury to the occupant of the domicile. Yes, it was Gabriel himself who was sitting up: he was

reading. From her standingplace in the road she could see him plainly, sitting quite still, his light curly head

upon his hand, and only occasionally looking up to snuff the candle which stood beside him. At length he

looked at the clock, seemed surprised at the lateness of the hour, closed his book, and arose. He was going to

Alas for her resolve! She felt she could not do it. Not for worlds now could she give a hint about her misery

to him, much less ask him plainly for information on the cause of Fanny's death. She must suspect, and guess,

Like a homeless wanderer she lingered by the bank, as if lulled and fascinated by the atmosphere of content

which seemed to spread from that little dwelling, and was so sadly lacking in her own. Gabriel appeared in an

upper room, placed his light in the windowbench, and then knelt down to pray. The contrast of the

picture with her rebellious and agitated existence at this same time was too much for her to bear to look upon

longer. It was not for her to make a truce with trouble by any such means. She must tread her giddy

distracting measure to its last note, as she had begun it. With a swollen heart she went again up the lane, and

More fevered now by a reaction from the first feelings which Oak's example had raised in her, she paused in

the hall, looking at the door of the room wherein Fanny lay. She locked her fingers, threw back her head, and

strained her hot hands rigidly across her forehead, saying, with a hysterical sob, "Would to God you would

speak and tell me your secret, Fanny! ... Oh, I hope, hope it is not true that there are two of you! ... If I could

Bathsheba in after times could never gauge the mood which carried her through the actions following this

murmured resolution on this memorable evening of her life. She went to the lumbercloset for a

screwdriver. At the end of a short though undefined time she found herself in the small room, quivering

with emotion, a mist before her eyes, and an excruciating pulsation in her brain, standing beside the

uncovered coffin of the girl whose conjectured end had so entirely engrossed her, and saying to herself in a

She was conscious of having brought about this situation by a series of actions done as by one in an

extravagant dream; of following that idea as to method, which had burst upon her in the hall with glaring

obviousness, by gliding to the top of the stairs, assuring herself by listening to the heavy breathing of her

maids that they were asleep, gliding down again, turning the handle of the door within which the young girl

lay, and deliberately setting herself to do what, if she had anticipated any such undertaking at night and alone,

would have horrified her, but which, when done, was not so dreadful as was the conclusive proof of her

husband's conduct which came with knowing beyond doubt the last chapter of Fanny's story.

Bathsheba's head sank upon her bosom, and the breath which had been bated in suspense, curiosity, and

interest, was exhaled now in the form of a whispered wail: "Ohhh!" she said, and the silent room added

Her tears fell fast beside the unconscious pair in the coffin: tears of a complicated origin, of a nature

indescribable, almost indefinable except as other than those of simple sorrow. Assuredly their wonted fires

must have lived in Fanny's ashes when events were so shaped as to chariot her hither in this natural,

unobtrusive, yet effectual manner. The one feat alone that of dying by which a mean condition could

be resolved into a grand one, Fanny had achieved. And to that had destiny subjoined this rencounter tonight,

which had, in Bathsheba's wild imagining, turned her companion's failure to success, her humiliation to

triumph, her lucklessness to ascendency; it had thrown over herself a garish light of mockery, and set upon all

Fanny's face was framed in by that yellow hair of hers; and there was no longer much room for doubt as to

the origin of the curl owned by Troy. In Bathsheba's heated fancy the innocent white countenance expressed a

dim triumphant consciousness of the pain she was retaliating for her pain with all the merciless rigour of the

Bathsheba indulged in contemplations of escape from her position by immediate death, which, thought she,

though it was an inconvenient and awful way, had limits to its inconvenience and awfulness that could not be

overpassed; whilst the shames of life were measureless. Yet even this scheme of extinction by death was but

tamely copying her rival's method without the reasons which had glorified it in her rival's case. She glided

rapidly up and down the room, as was mostly her habit when excited, her hands hanging clasped in front of

her, as she thought and in part expressed in broken words: "O, I hate her, yet I don't mean that I hate her, for

it is grievous and wicked; and yet I hate her a little! yes, my flesh insists upon hating her, whether my spirit is

willing or no!... If she had only lived, I could have been angry and cruel towards her with some justification;

but to be vindictive towards a poor dead woman recoils upon myself. O God, have mercy! I am miserable at

Bathsheba became at this moment so terrified at her own state of mind that she looked around for some sort

of refuge from herself. The vision of Oak kneeling down that night recurred to her, and with the imitative

instinct which animates women she seized upon the idea, resolved to kneel, and, if possible, pray. Gabriel had

She knelt beside the coffin, covered her face with her hands, and for a time the room was silent as a tomb.

Whether from a purely mechanical, or from any other cause, when Bathsheba arose it was with a quieted

spirit, and a regret for the antagonistic instincts which had seized upon her just before.

In her desire to make atonement she took flowers from a vase by the window, and began laying them around

the dead girl's head. Bathsheba knew no other way of showing kindness to persons departed than by giving

them flowers. She knew not how long she remained engaged thus. She forgot time, life, where she was, what

she was doing. A slamming together of the coachhouse doors in the yard brought her to herself again. An

instant after, the front door opened and closed, steps crossed the hall, and her husband appeared at the

He beheld it all by degrees, stared in stupefaction at the scene, as if he thought it an illusion raised by some

fiendish incantation. Bathsheba, pallid as a corpse on end, gazed back at him in the same wild way.

So little are instinctive guesses the fruit of a legitimate induction, that at this moment, as he stood with the

door in his hand, Troy never once thought of Fanny in connection with what he saw. His first confused idea

"I must go! I must go!" said Bathsheba, to herself more than to him. She came with a dilated eye towards the

"But no; stay, I insist!" He seized her hand, and then volition seemed to leave her, and she went off into a

state of passivity. He, still holding her, came up the room, and thus, hand in hand, Troy and Bathsheba

The candle was standing on a bureau close by them, and the light slanted down, distinctly enkindling the cold

features of both mother and babe. Troy looked in, dropped his wife's hand, knowledge of it all came over him

So still he remained that he could be imagined to have left in him no motive power whatever. The clashes of

feeling in all directions confounded one another, produced a neutrality, and there was motion in none.

"Do you know her?" said Bathsheba, in a small enclosed echo, as from the interior of a cell.

He had originally stood perfectly erect. And now, in the wellnigh congealed immobility of his frame could

be discerned an incipient movement, as in the darkest night may be discerned light after a while. He was

gradually sinking forwards. The lines of his features softened, and dismay modulated to illimitable sadness.

Bathsheba was regarding him from the other side, still with parted lips and distracted eyes. Capacity for

intense feeling is proportionate to the general intensity of the nature, and perhaps in all Fanny's sufferings,

much greater relatively to her strength, there never was a time she suffered in an absolute sense what

What Troy did was to sink upon his knees with an indefinable union of remorse and reverence upon his face,

and, bending over Fanny Robin, gently kissed her, as one would kiss an infant asleep to avoid awakening it.

At the sight and sound of that, to her, unendurable act, Bathsheba sprang towards him. All the strong feelings

which had been scattered over her existence since she knew what feeling was, seemed gathered together into

one pulsation now. The revulsion from her indignant mood a little earlier, when she had meditated upon

compromised honour, forestalment, eclipse in maternity by another, was violent and entire. All that was

forgotten in the simple and still strong attachment of wife to husband. She had sighed for her

selfcompleteness then, and now she cried aloud against the severance of the union she had deplored. She

flung her arms round Troy's neck, exclaiming wildly from the deepest deep of her heart

"Don't don't kiss them! O, Frank, I can't bear it I can't! I love you better than she did: kiss me too,

There was something so abnormal and startling in the childlike pain and simplicity of this appeal from a

woman of Bathsheba's calibre and independence, that Troy, loosening her tightly clasped arms from his neck,

looked at her in bewilderment. It was such an unexpected revelation of all women being alike at heart, even

those so different in their accessories as Fanny and this one beside him, that Troy could hardly seem to

believe her to be his proud wife Bathsheba. Fanny's own spirit seemed to be animating her frame. But this

was the mood of a few instants only. When the momentary surprise had passed, his expression changed to a

Had the wife now but gone no further. Yet, perhaps, under the harrowing circumstances, to speak out was the

one wrong act which can be better understood, if not forgiven in her, than the right and politic one, her rival

being now but a corpse. All the feeling she had been betrayed into showing she drew back to herself again by

"What have you to say as your reason?" she asked her bitter voice being strangely low quite that of

"Ah! don't taunt me, madam. This woman is more to me, dead as she is, than ever you were, or are, or can be.

If Satan had not tempted me with that face of yours, and those cursed coquetries, I should have married her. I

never had another thought till you came in my way. Would to God that I had; but it is all too late! He turned

to Fanny then. "But never mind, darling," he said; "in the sight of Heaven you are my very, very wife!"

At these words there arose from Bathsheba's lips a long, low cry of measureless despair and indignation, such

a wail of anguish as had never before been heard within those old inhabited walls. It was the [GREEK word

"If she's that, what am I?" she added, as a continuation of the same cry, and sobbing pitifully: and

"You are nothing to me nothing," said Troy, heartlessly. "A ceremony before a priest doesn't make a

A vehement impulse to flee from him, to run from this place, hide, and escape his words at any price, not

stopping short of death itself, mastered Bathsheba now. She waited not an instant, but turned to the door and

BATHSHEBA went along the dark road, neither knowing nor caring about the direction or issue of her flight.

The first time that she definitely noticed her position was when she reached a gate leading into a thicket

overhung by some large oak and beech trees. On looking into the place, it occurred to her that she had seen

it by daylight on some previous occasion, and that what appeared like an impassable thicket was in reality a

brake of fern now withering fast. She could think of nothing better to do with her palpitating self than to go in

here and hide; and entering, she lighted on a spot sheltered from the damp fog by a reclining trunk, where she

sank down upon a tangled couch of fronds and stems. She mechanically pulled some armfuls round her to

Whether she slept or not that night Bathsheba was not clearly aware. But it was with a freshened existence

and a cooler brain that, a long time afterwards, she became conscious of some interesting proceedings which

It was a ploughboy. Presently he came opposite, and she believed from his voice that he was one of the boys

on her own farm. He was followed by a shambling tramp of heavy feet, and looking through the ferns

Bathsheba could just discern in the wan light of daybreak a team of her own horses. They stopped to drink at

a pond on the other side of the way. She watched them flouncing into the pool, drinking, tossing up their

heads, drinking again, the water dribbling from their lips in silver threads. There was another flounce, and

She looked further around. Day was just dawning, and beside its cool air and colours her heated actions and

resolves of the night stood out in lurid contrast. She perceived that in her lap, and clinging to her hair, were

red and yellow leaves which had come down from the tree and settled silently upon her during her partial

sleep. Bathsheba shook her dress to get rid of them, when multitudes of the same family lying round about

her rose and fluttered away in the breeze thus created, "like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing."

There was an opening towards the east, and the glow from the as yet unrisen sun attracted her eyes thither.

From her feet, and between the beautiful yellowing ferns with their feathery arms, the ground sloped

downwards to a hollow, in which was a species of swamp, dotted with fungi. A morning mist hung over it

now a fulsome yet magnificent silvery veil, full of light from the sun, yet semiopaque the hedge

behind it being in some measure hidden by its hazy luminousness. Up the sides of this depression grew

sheaves of the common rush, and here and there a peculiar species of flag, the blades of which glistened in

the emerging sun, like scythes. But the general aspect of the swamp was malignant. From its moist and

poisonous coat seemed to be exhaled the essences of evil things in the earth, and in the waters under the

earth. The fungi grew in all manner of positions from rotting leaves and tree stumps, some exhibiting to her

listless gaze their clammy tops, others their oozing gills. Some were marked with great splotches, red as

arterial blood, others were saffron yellow, and others tall and attenuated, with stems like macaroni. Some

were leathery and of richest browns. The hollow seemed a nursery of pestilences small and great, in the

immediate neighbourhood of comfort and health, and Bathsheba arose with a tremor at the thought of having

"There were now other footsteps to be heard along the road. Bathsheba's nerves were still unstrung: she

crouched down out of sight again, and the pedestrian came into view. He was a schoolboy, with a bag slung

over his shoulder containing his dinner, and a hook in his hand. He paused by the gate, and, without looking

"'O Lord, O Lord, O Lord, O Lord, O Lord': that I know out o' book. 'Give us, give us, give us, give us,

give us': that I know. 'Grace that, grace that, grace that, grace that': that I know." Other words followed

to the same effect. The boy was of the dunce class apparently; the book was a psalter, and this was his way of

learning the collect. In the worst attacks of trouble there appears to be always a superficial film of

consciousness which is left disengaged and open to the notice of trifles, and Bathsheba was faintly amused at

By this time stupor had given place to anxiety, and anxiety began to make room for hunger and thirst. A form

now appeared upon the rise on the other side of the swamp, half hidden by the mist, and came towards

Bathsheba. The woman for it was a woman approached with her face askance, as if looking earnestly

on all sides of her. When she got a little further round to the left, and drew nearer, Bathsheba could see the

newcomer's profile against the sunny sky, and knew the wavy sweep from forehead to chin, with neither

angle nor decisive line anywhere about it, to be the familiar contour of Liddy Smallbury.

Bathsheba's heart bounded with gratitude in the thought that she was not altogether deserted, and she jumped

up. "Oh, Liddy!" she said, or attempted to say; but the words had only been framed by her lips; there came no

sound. She had lost her voice by exposure to the clogged atmosphere all these hours of night.

"Oh, ma'am! I am so glad I have found you," said the girl, as soon as she saw Bathsheba.

"You can't come across," Bathsheba said in a whisper, which she vainly endeavoured to make loud enough to

reach Liddy's ears. Liddy, not knowing this, stepped down upon the swamp, saying, as she did so, "It will

Bathsheba never forgot that transient little picture of Liddy crossing the swamp to her there in the morning

light. Iridescent bubbles of dank subterranean breath rose from the sweating sod beside the waiting maid's

feet as she trod, hissing as they burst and expanded away to join the vapoury firmament above. Liddy did not

She landed safely on the other side, and looked up at the beautiful though pale and weary face of her young

"Poor thing!" said Liddy, with tears in her eyes, "Do hearten yourself up a little, ma'am. However did "

"I can't speak above a whisper my voice is gone for the present," said Bathsheba, hurriedly. "I suppose the

damp air from that hollow has taken it away Liddy, don't question me, mind. Who sent you anybody?"

"Nobody. I thought, when I found you were not at home, that something cruel had happened. I fancy I heard

Liddy, without exactly understanding everything, or anything, in this episode, assented, and they walked

"But you had better come in, ma'am, and have something to eat. You will die of a chill!"

"Shall I get you something to eat, and something else to put over your head besides that little shawl?"

Liddy vanished, and at the end of twenty minutes returned with a cloak, hat, some slices of bread and butter,

Bathsheba wrapped herself up and ate and drank sparingly. Her voice was then a little clearer, and trifling

They wandered about the wood for nearly two hours, Bathsheba replying in monosyllables to Liddy's prattle,

She came back with the information that the men were just taking away the corpse; that Bathsheba had been

inquired for; that she had replied to the effect that her mistress was unwell and could not be seen.

"Yes." Liddy then ventured to add: "You said when I first found you that you might never go home again

"No; I've altered my mind. It is only women with no pride in them who run away from their husbands. There

is one position worse than that of being found dead in your husband's house from his ill usage, and that is, to

be found alive through having gone away to the house of somebody else. I've thought of it all this morning,

and I've chosen my course. A runaway wife is an encumbrance to everybody, a burden to herself and a

byword all of which make up a heap of misery greater than any that comes by staying at home though

this may include the trifling items of insult, beating, and starvation. Liddy, if ever you marry God forbid

that you ever should! you'll find yourself in a fearful situation; but mind this, don't you flinch. Stand your

"Oh, mistress, don't talk so!" said Liddy, taking her hand; "but I knew you had too much sense to bide away.

In about ten minutes they returned to the house by a circuitous route, entering at the rear. Bathsheba glided up

"Liddy," she said, with a lighter heart, for youth and hope had begun to reassert themselves;" you are to be

my confidante for the present somebody must be and I choose you. Well, I shall take up my abode

here for a while. Will you get a fire lighted, put down a piece of carpet, and help me to make the place

comfortable. Afterwards, I want you and Maryann to bring up that little stump bedstead in the small room,

and the bed belonging to it, and a table, and some other things.... What shall I do to pass the heavy time

"You might finish your sampler. Only the carnations and peacocks want filling in; and then it could be

"Samplers are out of date horribly countrified. No Liddy, I'll read. Bring up some books not new ones.

"Yes. Some of those we stowed away in boxes." A faint gleam of humour passed over her face as she said:

"Bring Beaumont and Fletcher's MAID'S TRAGEDY, and the MOURNING BRIDE, and let me see

"And that story of the black man, who murdered his wife Desdemona? It is a nice dismal one that would suit

"Now, Liddy, you've been looking into my books without telling me; and I said you were not to! How do you

"No, they don't; and I won't read dismal books. Why should I read dismal books, indeed? Bring me LOVE IN

All that day Bathsheba and Liddy lived in the attic in a state of barricade; a precaution which proved to be

needless as against Troy, for he did not appear in the neighbourhood or trouble them at all. Bathsheba sat at

the window till sunset, sometimes attempting to read, at other times watching every movement outside

The sun went down almost bloodred that night, and a livid cloud received its rays in the east. Up against this

dark background the west front of the church tower the only part of the edifice visible from the

farmhouse windows rose distinct and lustrous, the vane upon the summit bristling with rays. Hereabouts,

at six o'clock, the young men of the village gathered, as was their custom, for a game of Prisoners' base. The

spot had been consecrated to this ancient diversion from time immemorial, the old stocks conveniently

forming a base facing the boundary of the churchyard, in front of which the ground was trodden hard and

bare as a pavement by the players. She could see the brown and black heads of the young lads darting about

right and left, their white shirtsleeves gleaming in the sun; whilst occasionally a shout and a peal of hearty

laughter varied the stillness of the evening air. They continued playing for a quarter of an hour or so, when

the game concluded abruptly, and the players leapt over the wall and vanished round to the other side behind

a yewtree, which was also half behind a beech, now spreading in one mass of golden foliage, on which the

"Why did the baseplayers finish their game so suddenly?" Bathsheba inquired, the next time that Liddy

"I think 'twas because two men came just then from Casterbridge and began putting up a grand carved

WHEN Troy's wife had left the house at the previous midnight his first act was to cover the dead from sight.

This done he ascended the stairs, and throwing himself down upon the bed dressed as he was, he waited

Fate had dealt grimly with him through the last fourand twenty hours. His day had been spent in a way

which varied very materially from his intentions regarding it. There is always an inertia to be overcome in

striking out a new line of conduct not more in ourselves, it seems, than in circumscribing events, which

Twenty pounds having been secured from Bathsheba, he had managed to add to the sum every farthing he

could muster on his own account, which had been seven pounds ten. With this money, twentyseven pounds

ten in all, he had hastily driven from the gate that morning to keep his appointment with Fanny Robin.

On reaching Casterbridge he left the horse and trap at an inn, and at five minutes before ten came back to the

bridge at the lower end of the town, and sat himself upon the parapet. The clocks struck the hour, and no

Fanny appeared. In fact, at that moment she was being robed in her grave clothes by two attendants at the

Union poorhouse the first and last tiringwomen the gentle creature had ever been honoured with. The

quarter went, the half hour. A rush of recollection came upon Troy as he waited: this was the second time she

had broken a serious engagement with him. In anger he vowed it should be the last, and at eleven o'clock,

when he had lingered and watched the stone of the bridge till he knew every lichen upon their face and heard

the chink of the ripples underneath till they oppressed him, he jumped from his seat, went to the inn for his

gig, and in a bitter mood of indifference concerning the past, and recklessness about the future, drove on to

He reached the racecourse at two o'clock, and remained either there or in the town till nine. But Fanny's

image, as it had appeared to him in the sombre shadows of that Saturday evening, returned to his mind,

backed up by Bathsheba's reproaches. He vowed he would not bet, and he kept his vow, for on leaving the

town at nine o'clock in the evening he had diminished his cash only to the extent of a few shillings.

He trotted slowly homeward, and it was now that he was struck for the first time with a thought that Fanny

had been really prevented by illness from keeping her promise. This time she could have made no mistake.

He regretted that he had not remained in Casterbridge and made inquiries. Reaching home he quietly

unharnessed the horse and came indoors, as we have seen, to the fearful shock that awaited him.

As soon as it grew light enough to distinguish objects, Troy arose from the coverlet of the bed, and in a mood

of absolute indifference to Bathsheba's whereabouts, and almost oblivious of her existence, he stalked

downstairs and left the house by the back door. His walk was towards the churchyard, entering which he

searched around till he found a newly dug unoccupied grave the grave dug the day before for Fanny. The

position of this having been marked, he hastened on to Casterbridge, only pausing and musing for a while at

Reaching the town, Troy descended into a side street and entered a pair of gates surmounted by a board

bearing the words, "Lester, stone and marble mason." Within were lying about stones of all sizes and designs,

inscribed as being sacred to the memory of unnamed persons who had not yet died.

Troy was so unlike himself now in look, word, and deed, that the want of likeness was perceptible even to his

own consciousness. His method of engaging himself in this business of purchasing a tomb was that of an

absolutely unpractised man. He could not bring himself to consider, calculate, or economize. He waywardly

wished for something, and he set about obtaining it like a child in a nursery. "I want a good tomb," he said to

the man who stood in a little office within the yard. "I want as good a one as you can give me for

"Everything. Cutting the name, carriage to Weatherbury, and erection. And I want it now at once ."

"The best I have in stock is this one," said the stone cutter, going into a shed. "Here's a marble headstone

beautifully crocketed, with medallions beneath of typical subjects; here's the footstone after the same pattern,

and here's the coping to enclose the grave. The polishing alone of the set cost me eleven pounds the slabs

are the best of their kind, and I can warrant them to resist rain and frost for a hundred years without flying."

"Well, I could add the name, and put it up at Weatherbury for the sum you mention."

The man agreed, and wondered at such a mood in a visitor who wore not a shred of mourning. Troy then

wrote the words which were to form the inscription, settled the account and went away. In the afternoon he

came back again, and found that the lettering was almost done. He waited in the yard till the tomb was

packed, and saw it placed in the cart and starting on its way to Weatherbury, giving directions to the two men

who were to accompany it to inquire of the sexton for the grave of the person named in the inscription.

It was quite dark when Troy came out of Casterbridge. He carried rather a heavy basket upon his arm, with

which he strode moodily along the road, resting occasionally at bridges and gates, whereon he deposited his

burden for a time. Midway on his journey he met, returning in the darkness, the men and the waggon which

had conveyed the tomb. He merely inquired if the work was done, and, on being assured that it was, passed

Troy entered Weatherbury churchyard about ten o'clock and went immediately to the corner where he had

marked the vacant grave early in the morning. It was on the obscure side of the tower, screened to a great

extent from the view of passers along the road a spot which until lately had been abandoned to heaps of

stones and bushes of alder, but now it was cleared and made orderly for interments, by reason of the rapid

Here now stood the tomb as the men had stated, snowwhite and shapely in the gloom, consisting of head

and footstone, and enclosing border of marblework uniting them. In the midst was mould, suitable for

Troy deposited his basket beside the tomb, and vanished for a few minutes. When he returned he carried a

spade and a lantern, the light of which he directed for a few moments upon the marble, whilst he read the

inscription. He hung his lantern on the lowest bough of the yewtree, and took from his basket flowerroots

of several varieties. There were bundles of snowdrop, hyacinth and crocus bulbs, violets and double daisies,

which were to bloom in early spring, and of carnations, pinks, picotees, lilies of the valley, forgetmenot,

Troy laid these out upon the grass, and with an impassive face set to work to plant them. The snowdrops were

arranged in a line on the outside of the coping, the remainder within the enclosure of the grave. The crocuses

and hyacinths were to grow in rows; some of the summer flowers he placed over her head and feet, the lilies

and forgetmenots over her heart. The remainder were dispersed in the spaces between these.

Troy, in his prostration at this time, had no perception that in the futility of these romantic doings, dictated by

a remorseful reaction from previous indifference, there was any element of absurdity. Deriving his

idiosyncrasies from both sides of the Channel, he showed at such junctures as the present the inelasticity of

the Englishman, together with that blindness to the line where sentiment verges on mawkishness,

It was a cloudy, muggy, and very dark night, and the rays from Troy's lantern spread into the two old yews

with a strange illuminating power, flickering, as it seemed, up to the black ceiling of cloud above. He felt a

large drop of rain upon the back of his hand, and presently one came and entered one of the holes of the

lantern, whereupon the candle sputtered and went out. Troy was weary and it being now not far from

midnight, and the rain threatening to increase, he resolved to leave the finishing touches of his labour until

the day should break. He groped along the wall and over the graves in the dark till he found himself round at

the north side. Here he entered the porch, and, reclining upon the bench within, fell asleep.

THE tower of Weatherbury Church was a square erection of fourteenthcentury date, having two stone

gurgoyles on each of the four faces of its parapet. Of these eight carved protuberances only two at this time

continued to serve the purpose of their erection that of spouting the water from the lead roof within. One

mouth in each front had been closed by bygone churchwardens as superfluous, and two others were broken

away and choked a matter not of much consequence to the wellbeing of the tower, for the two mouths

It has been sometimes argued that there is no truer criterion of the vitality of any given artperiod than the

power of the masterspirits of that time in grotesque; and certainly in the instance of Gothic art there is no

disputing the proposition. Weatherbury tower was a somewhat early instance of the use of an ornamental

parapet in parish as distinct from cathedral churches, and the gurgoyles, which are the necessary correlatives

of a parapet, were exceptionally prominent of the boldest cut that the hand could shape, and of the most

original design that a human brain could conceive. There was, so to speak, that symmetry in their distortion

which is less the characteristic of British than of Continental grotesques of the period. All the eight were

different from each other. A beholder was convinced that nothing on earth could be more hideous than those

he saw on the north side until he went round to the south. Of the two on this latter face, only that at the

southeastern corner concerns the story. It was too human to be called like a dragon, too impish to be like a

man, too animal to be like a fiend, and not enough like a bird to be called a griffin. This horrible stone entity

was fashioned as if covered with a wrinkled hide; it had short, erect ears, eyes starting from their sockets, and

its fingers and hands were seizing the corners of its mouth, which they thus seemed to pull open to give free

passage to the water it vomited. The lower row of teeth was quite washed away, though the upper still

remained. Here and thus, jutting a couple of feet from the wall against which its feet rested as a support, the

creature had for four hundred years laughed at the surrounding landscape, voicelessly in dry weather, and in

Troy slept on in the porch, and the rain increased outside. Presently the gurgoyle spat. In due time a small

stream began to trickle through the seventy feet of aerial space between its mouth and the ground, which the

waterdrops smote like duckshot in their accelerated velocity. The stream thickened in substance, and

increased in power, gradually spouting further and yet further from the side of the tower. When the rain fell in

We follow its course to the ground at this point of time. The end of the liquid parabola has come forward

from the wall, has advanced over the plinth mouldings, over a heap of stones, over the marble border, into the

The force of the stream had, until very lately, been received upon some loose stones spread thereabout, which

had acted as a shield to the soil under the onset. These during the summer had been cleared from the ground,

and there was now nothing to resist the downfall but the bare earth. For several years the stream had not

spouted so far from the tower as it was doing on this night, and such a contingency had been overlooked.

Sometimes this obscure corner received no inhabitant for the space of two or three years, and then it was

The persistent torrent from the gurgoyle's jaws directed all its vengeance into the grave. The rich tawny

mould was stirred into motion, and boiled like chocolate. The water accumulated and washed deeper down,

and the roar of the pool thus formed spread into the night as the head and chief among other noises of the

kind created by the deluging rain. The flowers so carefully planted by Fanny's repentant lover began to move

and writhe in their bed. The winterviolets turned slowly upside down, and became a mere mat of mud. Soon

the snowdrop and other bulbs danced in the boiling mass like ingredients in a cauldron. Plants of the tufted

Troy did not awake from his comfortless sleep till it was broad day. Not having been in bed for two nights his

shoulders felt stiff his feet tender, and his head heavy. He remembered his position, arose, shivered, took the

The rain had quite ceased, and the sun was shining through the green, brown, and yellow leaves, now

sparkling and varnished by the raindrops to the brightness of similar effects in the landscapes of Ruysdael and

Hobbema, and full of all those infinite beauties that arise from the union of water and colour with high lights.

The air was rendered so transparent by the heavy fall of rain that the autumn hues of the middle distance were

as rich as those near at hand, and the remote fields intercepted by the angle of the tower appeared in the same

He entered the gravel path which would take him behind the tower. The path, instead of being stony as it had

been the night before, was browned over with a thin coating of mud. At one place in the path he saw a tuft of

stringy roots washed white and clean as a bundle of tendons. He picked it up surely it could not be one of

the primroses he had planted? He saw a bulb, another, and another as he advanced. Beyond doubt they were

the crocuses. With a face of perplexed dismay Troy turned the corner and then beheld the wreck the stream

The pool upon the grave had soaked away into the ground, and in its place was a hollow. The disturbed earth

was washed over the grass and pathway in the guise of the brown mud he had already seen, and it spotted the

marble tombstone with the same stains. Nearly all the flowers were washed clean out of the ground, and they

Troy's brow became heavily contracted. He set his teeth closely, and his compressed lips moved as those of

one in great pain. This singular accident, by a strange confluence of emotions in him, was felt as the sharpest

sting of all. Troy's face was very expressive, and any observer who had seen him now would hardly have

believed him to be a man who had laughed, and sung, and poured lovetrifles into a woman's ear. To curse

his miserable lot was at first his impulse, but even that lowest stage of rebellion needed an activity whose

absence was necessarily antecedent to the existence of the morbid misery which wrung him. The sight,

coming as it did, superimposed upon the other dark scenery of the previous days, formed a sort of climax to

the whole panorama, and it was more than he could endure. Sanguine by nature, Troy had a power of eluding

grief by simply adjourning it. He could put off the consideration of any particular spectre till the matter had

become old and softened by time. The planting of flowers on Fanny's grave had been perhaps but a species of

elusion of the primary grief, and now it was as if his intention had been known and circumvented.

Almost for the first time in his life, Troy, as he stood by this dismantled grave, wished himself another man.

It is seldom that a person with much animal spirit does not feel that the fact of his life being his own is the

one qualification which singles it out as a more hopeful life than that of others who may actually resemble

him in every particular. Troy had felt, in his transient way, hundreds of times, that he could not envy other

people their condition, because the possession of that condition would have necessitated a different

personality, when he desired no other than his own. He had not minded the peculiarities of his birth, the

vicissitudes of his life, the meteorlike uncertainty of all that related to him, because these appertained to the

hero of his story, without whom there would have been no story at all for him; and it seemed to be only in the

nature of things that matters would right themselves at some proper date and wind up well. This very

morning the illusion completed its disappearance, and, as it were, all of a sudden, Troy hated himself. The

suddenness was probably more apparent than real. A coral reef which just comes short of the ocean surface is

no more to the horizon than if it had never been begun, and the mere finishing stroke is what often appears to

He stood and mediated a miserable man. Whither should he go? "He that is accursed, let him be accursed

still," was the pitiless anathema written in this spoliated effort of his newborn solicitousness. A man who

has spent his primal strength in journeying in one direction has not much spirit left for reversing his course.

Troy had, since yesterday, faintly reversed his; but the merest opposition had disheartened him. To turn about

would have been hard enough under the greatest providential encouragement; but to find that Providence, far

from helping him into a new course, or showing any wish that he might adopt one, actually jeered his first

He slowly withdrew from the grave. He did not attempt to fill up the hole, replace the flowers, or do anything

at all. He simply threw up his cards and forswore his game for that time and always. Going out of the

churchyard silently and unobserved none of the villagers having yet risen he passed down some fields

at the back, and emerged just as secretly upon the high road. Shortly afterwards he had gone from the village.

Meanwhile, Bathsheba remained a voluntary prisoner in the attic. The door was kept locked, except during

the entries and exits of Liddy, for whom a bed had been arranged in a small adjoining room. The light of

Troy's lantern in the churchyard was noticed about ten o'clock by the maid servant, who casually glanced

from the window in that direction whilst taking her supper, and she called Bathsheba's attention to it. They

Bathsheba did not sleep very heavily that night. When her attendant was unconscious and softly breathing in

the next room, the mistress of the house was still looking out of the window at the faint gleam spreading from

among the trees not in a steady shine, but blinking like a revolving coastlight, though this appearance

failed to suggest to her that a person was passing and repassing in front of it. Bathsheba sat here till it began

to rain, and the light vanished, when she withdrew to lie restlessly in her bed and reenact in a worn mind the

Almost before the first faint sign of dawn appeared she arose again, and opened the window to obtain a full

breathing of the new morning air, the panes being now wet with trembling tears left by the night rain, each

one rounded with a pale lustre caught from primrosehued slashes through a cloud low down in the

awakening sky. From the trees came the sound of steady dripping upon the drifted leaves under them, and

from the direction of the church she could hear another noise peculiar, and not intermittent like the rest,

"What a heavy rain we've had in the night, ma'am!" said Liddy, when her inquiries about breakfast had been

"I heard one strange noise. I've been thinking it must have been the water from the tower spouts."

"Only just looked in in passing quite in his old way, which I thought he had left off lately. But the tower

spouts used to spatter on the stones, and we are puzzled, for this was like the boiling of a pot."

Not being able to read, think, or work, Bathsheba asked Liddy to stay and breakfast with her. The tongue of

the more childish woman still ran upon recent events. "Are you going across to the church, ma'am?" she

"I thought you might like to go and see where they have put Fanny. The trees hide the place from your

Bathsheba had all sorts of dreads about meeting her husband. "Has Mr. Troy been in tonight?" she said

Budmouth! The sound of the word carried with it a much diminished perspective of him and his deeds; there

were thirteen miles interval betwixt them now. She hated questioning Liddy about her husband's movements,

and indeed had hitherto sedulously avoided doing so; but now all the house knew that there had been some

dreadful disagreement between them, and it was futile to attempt disguise. Bathsheba had reached a stage at

Bathsheba was momentarily relieved of that wayward heaviness of the past twentyfour hours which had

quenched the vitality of youth in her without substituting the philosophy of maturer years, and she resolved to

go out and walk a little way. So when breakfast was over, she put on her bonnet, and took a direction towards

the church. It was nine o'clock, and the men having returned to work again from their first meal, she was not

likely to meet many of them in the road. Knowing that Fanny had been laid in the reprobates' quarter of the

graveyard, called in the parish "behind church," which was invisible from the road, it was impossible to resist

the impulse to enter and look upon a spot which, from nameless feelings, she at the same time dreaded to see.

She had been unable to overcome an impression that some connection existed between her rival and the light

Bathsheba skirted the buttress, and beheld the hole and the tomb, its delicately veined surface splashed and

stained just as Troy had seen it and left it two hours earlier. On the other side of the scene stood Gabriel. His

eyes, too, were fixed on the tomb, and her arrival having been noiseless, she had not as yet attracted his

attention. Bathsheba did not at once perceive that the grand tomb and the disturbed grave were Fanny's, and

she looked on both sides and around for some humbler mound, earthed up and clodded in the usual way.

Then her eye followed Oak's, and she read the words with which the inscription opened:

Oak saw her, and his first act was to gaze inquiringly and learn how she received this knowledge of the

authorship of the work, which to himself had caused considerable astonishment. But such discoveries did not

much affect her now. Emotional convulsions seemed to have become the commonplaces of her history, and

she bade him good morning, and asked him to fill in the hole with the spade which was standing by. Whilst

Oak was doing as she desired, Bathsheba collected the flowers, and began planting them with that

sympathetic manipulation of roots and leaves which is so conspicuous in a woman's gardening, and which

flowers seem to understand and thrive upon. She requested Oak to get the churchwardens to turn the

leadwork at the mouth of the gurgoyle that hung gaping down upon them, that by this means the stream might

be directed sideways, and a repetition of the accident prevented. Finally, with the superfluous magnanimity of

a woman whose narrower instincts have brought down bitterness upon her instead of love, she wiped the mud

spots from the tomb as if she rather liked its words than otherwise, and went again home. [1]

[1] The local tower and churchyard do not answer precisely to the foregoing description.

TROY wandered along towards the south. A composite feeling, made up of disgust with the, to him,

humdrum tediousness of a farmer's life, gloomily images of her who lay in the churchyard, remorse, and a

general averseness to his wife's society, impelled him to seek a home in any place on earth save Weatherbury.

The sad accessories of Fanny's end confronted him as vivid pictures which threatened to be indelible, and

made life in Bathsheba's house intolerable. At three in the afternoon he found himself at the foot of a slope

more than a mile in length, which ran to the ridge of a range of hills lying parallel with the shore, and forming

a monotonous barrier between the basin of cultivated country inland and the wilder scenery of the coast. Up

the hill stretched a road nearly straight and perfectly white, the two sides approaching each other in a gradual

taper till they met the sky at the top about two miles off. Throughout the length of this narrow and irksome

inclined plane not a sign of life was visible on this garish afternoon. Troy toiled up the road with a languor

and depression greater than any he had experienced for many a day and year before. The air was warm and

At last he reached the summit, and a wide and novel prospect burst upon him with an effect almost like that

of the Pacific upon Balboa's gaze. The broad steely sea, marked only by faint lines, which had a semblance of

being etched thereon to a degree not deep enough to disturb its general evenness, stretched the whole width of

his front and round to the right, where, near the town and port of Budmouth, the sun bristled down upon it,

and banished all colour, to substitute in its place a clear oily polish. Nothing moved in sky, land, or sea,

except a frill of milkwhite foam along the nearer angles of the shore, shreds of which licked the contiguous

He descended and came to a small basin of sea enclosed by the cliffs. Troy's nature freshened within him; he

thought he would rest and bathe here before going farther. He undressed and plunged in. Inside the cove the

water was uninteresting to a swimmer, being smooth as a pond, and to get a little of the ocean swell, Troy

presently swam between the two projecting spurs of rock which formed the pillars of Hercules to this

miniature Mediterranean. Unfortunately for Troy a current unknown to him existed outside, which,

unimportant to craft of any burden, was awkward for a swimmer who might be taken in it unawares. Troy

He now recollected the place and its sinister character. Many bathers had there prayed for a dry death from

time to time, and, like Gonzalo also, had been unanswered; and Troy began to deem it possible that he might

be added to their number. Not a boat of any kind was at present within sight, but far in the distance

Budmouth lay upon the sea, as it were quietly regarding his efforts, and beside the town the harbour showed

its position by a dim meshwork of ropes and spars. After wellnigh exhausting himself in attempts to get

back to the mouth of the cove, in his weakness swimming several inches deeper than was his wont, keeping

up his breathing entirely by his nostrils, turning upon his back a dozen times over, swimming EN PAPILLON

and so on, Troy resolved as a last resource to tread water at a slight incline, and so endeavour to reach the

shore at any point, merely giving himself a gentle impetus inwards whilst carried on in the general direction

of the tide. This, necessarily a slow process, he found to be not altogether so difficult, and though there was

no choice of a landingplace the objects on shore passing by him in a sad and slow procession he

perceptibly approached the extremity of a spit of land yet further to the right, now well defined against the

sunny portion of the horizon. While the swimmer's eye's were fixed upon the spit as his only means of

salvation on this side of the Unknown, a moving object broke the outline of the extremity, and immediately a

All Troy's vigour spasmodically revived to prolong the struggle yet a little further. Swimming with his right

arm, he held up his left to hail them, splashing upon the waves, and shouting with all his might. From the

position of the setting sun his white form was distinctly visible upon the now deephued bosom of the sea to

the east of the boat, and the men saw him at once. Backing their oars and putting the boat about, they pulled

towards him with a will, and in five or six minutes from the time of his first halloo, two of the sailors hauled

They formed part of a brig's crew, and had come ashore for sand. Lending him what little clothing they could

spare among them as a slight protection against the rapidly cooling air, they agreed to land him in the

morning; and without further delay, for it was growing late, they made again towards the roadstead where

And now night drooped slowly upon the wide watery levels in front; and at no great distance from them,

where the shoreline curved round, and formed a long riband of shade upon the horizon, a series of points of

yellow light began to start into existence, denoting the spot to be the site of Budmouth, where the lamps were

being lighted along the parade. The cluck of their oars was the only sound of any distinctness upon the sea,

and as they laboured amid the thickening shades the lamplights grew larger, each appearing to send a flaming

sword deep down into the waves before it, until there arose, among other dim shapes of the kind, the form of

BATHSHEBA underwent the enlargement of her husband's absence from hours to days with a slight feeling

of surprise, and a slight feeling of relief; yet neither sensation rose at any time far above the level commonly

designated as indifference. She belonged to him: the certainties of that position were so well defined, and the

reasonable probabilities of its issue so bounded that she could not speculate on contingencies. Taking no

further interest in herself as a splendid woman, she acquired the indifferent feelings of an outsider in

contemplating her probable fate as a singular wretch; for Bathsheba drew herself and her future in colours

that no reality could exceed for darkness. Her original vigorous pride of youth had sickened, and with it had

declined all her anxieties about coming years, since anxiety recognizes a better and a worse alternative, and

Bathsheba had made up her mind that alternatives on any noteworthy scale had ceased for her. Soon, or later

and that not very late her husband would be home again. And then the days of their tenancy of the

Upper Farm would be numbered. There had originally been shown by the agent to the estate some distrust of

Bathsheba's tenure as James Everdene's successor, on the score of her sex, and her youth, and her beauty; but

the peculiar nature of her uncle's will, his own frequent testimony before his death to her cleverness in such a

pursuit, and her vigorous marshalling of the numerous flocks and herds which came suddenly into her hands

before negotiations were concluded, had won confidence in her powers, and no further objections had been

raised. She had latterly been in great doubt as to what the legal effects of her marriage would be upon her

position; but no notice had been taken as yet of her change of name, and only one point was clear that in

the event of her own or her husband's inability to meet the agent at the forthcoming January rentday, very

little consideration would be shown, and, for that matter, very little would be deserved. Once out of the farm,

Hence Bathsheba lived in a perception that her purposes were broken off. She was not a woman who could

hope on without good materials for the process, differing thus from the less farsighted and energetic, though

more petted ones of the sex, with whom hope goes on as a sort of clockwork which the merest food and

shelter are sufficient to wind up; and perceiving clearly that her mistake had been a fatal one, she accepted

The first Saturday after Troy's departure she went to Casterbridge alone, a journey she had not before taken

since her marriage. On this Saturday Bathsheba was passing slowly on foot through the crowd of rural

businessmen gathered as usual in front of the markethouse, who were as usual gazed upon by the burghers

with feelings that those healthy lives were dearly paid for by exclusion from possible aldermanship, when a

man, who had apparently been following her, said some words to another on her left hand. Bathsheba's ears

were keen as those of any wild animal, and she distinctly heard what the speaker said, though her back was

As if endowed with the spirit of prophecy, Bathsheba gasped out, "No, it is not true; it cannot be true!" Then

she said and heard no more. The ice of selfcommand which had latterly gathered over her was broken, and

the currents burst forth again, and over whelmed her. A darkness came into her eyes, and she fell.

But not to the ground. A gloomy man, who had been observing her from under the portico of the old

cornexchange when she passed through the group without, stepped quickly to her side at the moment of her

"What is it?" said Boldwood, looking up at the bringer of the big news, as he supported her.

"Her husband was drowned this week while bathing in Lulwind Cove. A coastguardsman found his clothes,

Thereupon a strange fire lighted up Boldwood's eye, and his face flushed with the suppressed excitement of

an unutterable thought. Everybody's glance was now centred upon him and the unconscious Bathsheba. He

lifted her bodily off the ground, and smoothed down the folds of her dress as a child might have taken a

stormbeaten bird and arranged its ruffled plumes, and bore her along the pavement to the King's Arms Inn.

Here he passed with her under the archway into a private room; and by the time he had deposited so lothly

the precious burden upon a sofa, Bathsheba had opened her eyes. Remembering all that had occurred, she

Boldwood left the room. He stood for a moment in the passage to recover his senses. The experience had

been too much for his consciousness to keep up with, and now that he had grasped it it had gone again. For

those few heavenly, golden moments she had been in his arms. What did it matter about her not knowing it?

He started onward again, and sending a woman to her, went out to ascertain all the facts of the case. These

appeared to be limited to what he had already heard. He then ordered her horse to be put into the gig, and

when all was ready returned to inform her. He found that, though still pale and unwell, she had in the

meantime sent for the Budmouth man who brought the tidings, and learnt from him all there was to know.

Being hardly in a condition to drive home as she had driven to town, Boldwood, with every delicacy of

manner and feeling, offered to get her a driver, or to give her a seat in his phaeton, which was more

comfortable than her own conveyance. These proposals Bathsheba gently declined, and the farmer at once

About halfanhour later she invigorated herself by an effort, and took her seat and the reins as usual in

external appearance much as if nothing had happened. She went out of the town by a tortuous back street, and

drove slowly along, unconscious of the road and the scene. The first shades of evening were showing

themselves when Bathsheba reached home, where, silently alighting and leaving the horse in the hands of the

boy, she proceeded at once upstairs. Liddy met her on the landing. The news had preceded Bathsheba to

Weatherbury by halfanhour, and Liddy looked inquiringly into her mistress's face. Bathsheba had nothing

She entered her bedroom and sat by the window, and thought and thought till night enveloped her, and the

extreme lines only of her shape were visible. Somebody came to the door, knocked, and opened it.

"I was thinking there must be something got for you to wear," said Liddy, with hesitation.

"I don't know it. But wouldn't it have been different, or shouldn't I have heard more, or wouldn't they have

found him, Liddy? or I don't know how it is, but death would have been different from how this is. I

Bathsheba remained firm in this opinion till Monday, when two circumstances conjoined to shake it. The first

was a short paragraph in the local newspaper, which, beyond making by a methodizing pen formidable

presumptive evidence of Troy's death by drowning, contained the important testimony of a young Mr. Barker,

M.D., of Budmouth, who spoke to being an eyewitness of the accident, in a letter to the editor. In this he

stated that he was passing over the cliff on the remoter side of the cove just as the sun was setting. At that

time he saw a bather carried along in the current outside the mouth of the cove, and guessed in an instant that

there was but a poor chance for him unless he should be possessed of unusual muscular powers. He drifted

behind a projection of the coast, and Mr. Barker followed along the shore in the same direction. But by the

time that he could reach an elevation sufficiently great to command a view of the sea beyond, dusk had set in,

The other circumstance was the arrival of his clothes, when it became necessary for her to examine and

identify them though this had virtually been done long before by those who inspected the letters in his

pockets. It was so evident to her in the midst of her agitation that Troy had undressed in the full conviction of

dressing again almost immediately, that the notion that anything but death could have prevented him was a

Then Bathsheba said to herself that others were assured in their opinion; strange that she should not be. A

strange reflection occurred to her, causing her face to flush. Suppose that Troy had followed Fanny into

another world. Had he done this intentionally, yet contrived to make his death appear like an accident?

Nevertheless, this thought of how the apparent might differ from the real made vivid by her bygone

jealousy of Fanny, and the remorse he had shown that night did not blind her to the perception of a likelier

When alone late that evening beside a small fire, and much calmed down, Bathsheba took Troy's watch into

her hand, which had been restored to her with the rest of the articles belonging to him. She opened the case as

he had opened it before her a week ago. There was the little coil of pale hair which had been as the fuze to

"He was hers and she was his; they should be gone together," she said. "I am nothing to either of them, and

why should I keep her hair?" She took it in her hand, and held it over the fire." No I'll not burn it I'll

THE later autumn and the winter drew on apace, and the leaves lay thick upon the turf of the glades and the

mosses of the woods. Bathsheba, having previously been living in a state of suspended feeling which was not

suspense, now lived in a mood of quietude which was not precisely peacefulness. While she had known him

to be alive she could have thought of his death with equanimity; but now that it might be she had lost him,

she regretted that he was not hers still. She kept the farm going, raked in her profits without caring keenly

about them, and expended money on ventures because she had done so in bygone days, which, though not

long gone by, seemed infinitely removed from her present. She looked back upon that past over a great gulf,

as if she were now a dead person, having the faculty of meditation still left in her, by means of which, like the

mouldering gentlefolk of the poet's story, she could sit and ponder what a gift life used to be.

However, one excellent result of her general apathy was the longdelayed installation of Oak as bailiff; but

he having virtually exercised that function for a long time already, the change, beyond the substantial

increase of wages it brought, was little more than a nominal one addressed to the outside world.

Boldwood lived secluded and inactive. Much of his wheat and all his barley of that season had been spoilt by

the rain. It sprouted, grew into intricate mats, and was ultimately thrown to the pigs in armfuls. The strange

neglect which had produced this ruin and waste became the subject of whispered talk among all the people

round; and it was elicited from one of Boldwood's men that forgetfulness had nothing to do with it, for he had

been reminded of the danger to his corn as many times and as persistently as inferiors dared to do. The sight

of the pigs turning in disgust from the rotten ears seemed to arouse Boldwood, and he one evening sent for

Oak. Whether it was suggested by Bathsheba's recent act of promotion or not, the farmer proposed at the

interview that Gabriel should undertake the superintendence of the Lower Farm as well as of Bathsheba's,

because of the necessity Boldwood felt for such aid, and the impossibility of discovering a more trustworthy

Bathsheba, when she learnt of this proposal for Oak was obliged to consult her at first languidly

objected. She considered that the two farms together were too extensive for the observation of one man.

Boldwood, who was apparently determined by personal rather than commercial reasons, suggested that Oak

should be furnished with a horse for his sole use, when the plan would present no difficulty, the two farms

lying side by side. Boldwood did not directly communicate with her during these negotiations, only speaking

to Oak, who was the gobetween throughout. All was harmoniously arranged at last, and we now see Oak

mounted on a strong cob, and daily trotting the length breadth of about two thousand acres in a cheerful spirit

of surveillance, as if the crops all belonged to him the actual mistress of the onehalf and the master of the

Out of this there arose, during the spring succeeding, a talk in the parish that Gabriel Oak was feathering his

"Whatever d'ye think," said Susan Tall, "Gable Oak is coming it quite the dand. He now wears shining boots

with hardly a hob in 'em, two or three times aweek, and a tall hat a Sundays, and 'a hardly knows the name

of smockfrock. When I see people strut enough to he cut up into bantam cocks, I stand dormant with wonder,

It was eventually known that Gabriel, though paid a fixed wage by Bathsheba independent of the fluctuations

of agricultural profits, had made an engagement with Boldwood by which Oak was to receive a share of the

receipts a small share certainly, yet it was money of a higher quality than mere wages, and capable of

expansion in a way that wages were not. Some were beginning to consider Oak a "near" man, for though his

condition had thus far improved, he lived in no better style than before, occupying the same cottage, paring

his own potatoes, mending his stockings, and sometimes even making his bed with his own hands. But as

Oak was not only provokingly indifferent to public opinion, but a man who clung persistently to old habits

and usages, simply because they were old, there was room for doubt as to his motives.

A great hope had latterly germinated in Boldwood, whose unreasoning devotion to Bathsheba could only be

characterized as a fond madness which neither time nor circumstance, evil nor good report, could weaken or

destroy. This fevered hope had grown up again like a grain of mustardseed during the quiet which followed

the hasty conjecture that Troy was drowned. He nourished it fearfully, and almost shunned the contemplation

of it in earnest, lest facts should reveal the wildness of the dream. Bathsheba having at last been persuaded to

wear mourning, her appearance as she entered the church in that guise was in itself a weekly addition to his

faith that a time was coming very far off perhaps, yet surely nearing when his waiting on events should

have its reward. How long he might have to wait he had not yet closely considered. What he would try to

recognize was that the severe schooling she had been subjected to had made Bathsheba much more

considerate than she had formerly been of the feelings of others, and he trusted that, should she be willing at

any time in the future to marry any man at all, that man would be himself. There was a substratum of good

feeling in her: her selfreproach for the injury she had thoughtlessly done him might be depended upon now

to a much greater extent than before her infatuation and disappointment. It would be possible to approach her

by the channel of her good nature, and to suggest a friendly businesslike compact between them for

fulfilment at some future day, keeping the passionate side of his desire entirely out of her sight. Such was

To the eyes of the middleaged, Bathsheba was perhaps additionally charming just now. Her exuberance of

spirit was pruned down; the original phantom of delight had shown herself to be not too bright for human

nature's daily food, and she had been able to enter this second poetical phase without losing much of the first

Bathsheba's return from a two months' visit to her old aunt at Norcombe afforded the impassioned and

yearning farmer a pretext for inquiring directly after her now possibly in the ninth month of her

widowhood and endeavouring to get a notion of her state of mind regarding him. This occurred in the

middle of the haymaking, and Boldwood contrived to be near Liddy who was assisting in the fields.

"I hope Mrs. Troy is quite well after her long absence," he continued, in a manner expressing that the

"She do, sir. I've been with her all through her troubles, and was with her at the time of Mr. Troy's going and

"She promises that you shall quite natural," said the strategic lover, throbbing throughout him at the

presumption which Liddy's words appeared to warrant that his darling had thought of remarriage.

"Yes, yes, I understand. When she alludes to the possibility of marrying again, you conclude "

"She never do allude to it, sir," said Liddy, thinking how very stupid Mr. Boldwood was getting.

"Of course not," he returned hastily, his hope falling again. "You needn't take quite such long reaches with

your rake, Lydia short and quick ones are best. Well, perhaps, as she is absolute mistress again now, it is

"My mistress did certainly once say, though not seriously, that she supposed she might marry again at the end

of seven years from last year, if she cared to risk Mr. Troy's coming back and claiming her."

"Ah, six years from the present time. Said that she might. She might marry at once in every reasonable

"Not I," said Boldwood, growing red. "Liddy, you needn't stay here a minute later than you wish, so Mr. Oak

He went away vexed with himself, and ashamed of having for this one time in his life done anything which

could be called underhand. Poor Boldwood had no more skill in finesse than a batteringram, and he was

uneasy with a sense of having made himself to appear stupid and, what was worse, mean. But he had, after

all, lighted upon one fact by way of repayment. It was a singularly fresh and fascinating fact, and though not

without its sadness it was pertinent and real. In little more than six years from this time Bathsheba might

certainly marry him. There was something definite in that hope, for admitting that there might have been no

deep thought in her words to Liddy about marriage, they showed at least her creed on the matter.

This pleasant notion was now continually in his mind. Six years were a long time, but how much shorter than

never, the idea he had for so long been obliged to endure! Jacob had served twice seven years for Rachel:

what were six for such a woman as this? He tried to like the notion of waiting for her better than that of

winning her at once. Boldwood felt his love to be so deep and strong and eternal, that it was possible she had

never yet known its full volume, and this patience in delay would afford him an opportunity of giving sweet

proof on the point. He would annihilate the six years of his life as if they were minutes so little did he

value his time on earth beside her love. He would let her see, all those six years of intangible ethereal

courtship, how little care he had for anything but as it bore upon the consummation.

Meanwhile the early and the late summer brought round the week in which Greenhill Fair was held. This fair

GREENHILL was the Nijni Novgorod of South Wessex; and the busiest, merriest, noisiest day of the whole

statute number was the day of the sheep fair. This yearly gathering was upon the summit of a hill which

retained in good preservation the remains of an ancient earthwork, consisting of a huge rampart and

entrenchment of an oval form encircling the top of the hill, though somewhat broken down here and there. To

each of the two chief openings on opposite sides a winding road ascended, and the level green space of ten or

fifteen acres enclosed by the bank was the site of the fair. A few permanent erections dotted the spot, but the

majority of visitors patronized canvas alone for resting and feeding under during the time of their sojourn

Shepherds who attended with their flocks from long distances started from home two or three days, or even a

week, before the fair, driving their charges a few miles each day not more than ten or twelve and

resting them at night in hired fields by the wayside at previously chosen points, where they fed, having fasted

since morning. The shepherd of each flock marched behind, a bundle containing his kit for the week strapped

upon his shoulders, and in his hand his crook, which he used as the staff of his pilgrimage. Several of the

sheep would get worn and lame, and occasionally a lambing occurred on the road. To meet these

contingencies, there was frequently provided, to accompany the flocks from the remoter points, a pony and

The Weatherbury Farms, however, were no such long distance from the hill, and those arrangements were not

necessary in their case. But the large united flocks of Bathsheba and Farmer Boldwood formed a valuable and

imposing multitude which demanded much attention, and on this account Gabriel, in addition to Boldwood's

shepherd and Cain Ball, accompanied them along the way, through the decayed old town of Kingsbere, and

When the autumn sun slanted over Greenhill this morning and lighted the dewy flat upon its crest, nebulous

clouds of dust were to be seen floating between the pairs of hedges which streaked the wide prospect around

in all directions. These gradually converged upon the base of the hill, and the flocks became individually

visible, climbing the serpentine ways which led to the top. Thus, in a slow procession, they entered the

opening to which the roads tended, multitude after multitude, horned and hornless blue flocks and red

flocks, buff flocks and brown flocks, even green and salmon tinted flocks, according to the fancy of the

colourist and custom of the farm. Men were shouting, dogs were barking, with greatest animation, but the

thronging travellers in so long a journey had grown nearly indifferent to such terrors, though they still bleated

piteously at the unwontedness of their experiences, a tall shepherd rising here and there in the midst of them,

The great mass of sheep in the fair consisted of South Downs and the old Wessex horned breeds, to the latter

class Bathsheba's and Farmer Boldwood's mainly belonged. These filed in about nine o'clock, their

vermiculated horns lopping gracefully on each side of their cheeks in geometrically perfect spirals, a small

pink and white ear nestling under each horn. Before and behind came other varieties, perfect leopards as to

the full rich substance of their coats, and only lacking the spots. There were also a few of the Oxfordshire

breed, whose wool was beginning to curl like a child's flaxen hair, though surpassed in this respect by the

effeminate Leicesters, which were in turn less curly than the Cotswolds. But the most picturesque by far was

a small flock of Exmoors, which chanced to be there this year. Their pied faces and legs, dark and heavy

horns, tresses of wool hanging round their swarthy foreheads, quite relieved the monotony of the flocks in

All these bleating, panting, and weary thousands had entered and were penned before the morning had far

advanced, the dog belonging to each flock being tied to the corner of the pen containing it. Alleys for

pedestrians intersected the pens, which soon became crowded with buyers and sellers from far and near.

In another part of the hill an altogether different scene began to force itself upon the eye towards midday. A

circular tent, of exceptional newness and size, was in course of erection here. As the day drew on, the flocks

began to change hands, lightening the shepherd's responsibilities; and they turned their attention to this tent

and inquired of a man at work there, whose soul seemed concentrated on tying a bothering knot in no time,

"The Royal Hippodrome Performance of Turpin's Ride to York and the Death of Black Bess," replied the

As soon as the tent was completed the band struck up highly stimulating harmonies, and the announcement

was publicly made, Black Bess standing in a conspicuous position on the outside, as a living proof, if proof

were wanted, of the truth of the oracular utterances from the stage over which the people were to enter. These

were so convinced by such genuine appeals to heart and understanding both that they soon began to crowd in

abundantly, among the foremost being visible Jan Coggan and Joseph Poorgrass, who were holiday keeping

"That's the great ruffen pushing me!" screamed a woman in front of Jan over her shoulder at him when the

"How can I help pushing ye when the folk behind push me?" said Coggan, in a deprecating tone, turning

There was a silence; then the drums and trumpets again sent forth their echoing notes. The crowd was again

ecstasied, and gave another lurch in which Coggan and Poorgrass were again thrust by those behind upon the

"Oh that helpless feymels should be at the mercy of such ruffens!" exclaimed one of these ladies again, as she

Now," said Coggan, appealing in an earnest voice to the public at large as it stood clustered about his

shoulder blades. "Did ye ever hear such onreasonable woman as that? Upon my carcase, neighbours, if I

could only get out of this cheesewring, the damn women might eat the show for me!"

"Don't ye lose yer temper, Jan!" implored Joseph Poorgrass, in a whisper. "They might get their men to

murder us, for I think by the shine of their eyes that they be a sinful form of womankind."

Jan held his tongue, as if he had no objection to be pacified to please a friend, and they gradually reached the

foot of the ladder, Poorgrass being flattened like a jumpingjack, and the sixpence, for admission, which he

had got ready halfanhour earlier, having become so reeking hot in the tight squeeze of his excited hand

that the woman in spangles, brazen rings set with glass diamonds, and with chalked face and shoulders, who

took the money of him, hastily dropped it again from a fear that some trick had been played to burn her

fingers. So they all entered, and the cloth of the tent, to the eyes of an observer on the outside, became bulged

into innumerable pimples such as we observe on a sack of potatoes, caused by the various human heads,

At the rear of the large tent there were two small dressing tents. One of these, alloted to the male

performers, was partitioned into halves by a cloth; and in one of the divisions there was sitting on the grass,

pulling on a pair of jackboots, a young man whom we instantly recognise as Sergeant Troy.

Troy's appearance in this position may be briefly accounted for. The brig aboard which he was taken in

Budmouth Roads was about to start on a voyage, though somewhat short of hands. Troy read the articles and

joined, but before they sailed a boat was despatched across the bay to Lulwind cove; as he had half expected,

his clothes were gone. He ultimately worked his passage to the United States, where he made a precarious

living in various towns as Professor of Gymnastics, Sword Exercise, Fencing, and Pugilism. A few months

were sufficient to give him a distaste for this kind of life. There was a certain animal form of refinement in

his nature; and however pleasant a strange condition might be whilst privations were easily warded off, it was

disadvantageously coarse when money was short. There was ever present, too, the idea that he could claim a

home and its comforts did he but chose to return to England and Weatherbury Farm. Whether Bathsheba

thought him dead was a frequent subject of curious conjecture. To England he did return at last; but the fact

of drawing nearer to Weatherbury abstracted its fascinations, and his intention to enter his old groove at the

place became modified. It was with gloom he considered on landing at Liverpool that if he were to go home

his reception would be of a kind very unpleasant to contemplate; for what Troy had in the way of emotion

was an occasional fitful sentiment which sometimes caused him as much inconvenience as emotion of a

strong and healthy kind. Bathsheba was not a women to be made a fool of, or a woman to suffer in silence;

and how could he endure existence with a spirited wife to whom at first entering he would be beholden for

food and lodging? Moreover, it was not at all unlikely that his wife would fail at her farming, if she had not

already done so; and he would then become liable for her maintenance: and what a life such a future of

poverty with her would be, the spectre of Fanny constantly between them, harrowing his temper and

embittering her words! Thus, for reasons touching on distaste, regret, and shame commingled, he put off his

return from day to day, and would have decided to put it off altogether if he could have found anywhere else

At this time the July preceding the September in which we find at Greenhill Fair he fell in with a

travelling circus which was performing in the outskirts of a northern town. Troy introduced himself to the

manager by taming a restive horse of the troupe, hitting a suspended apple with a pistol bullet fired from

the animal's back when in full gallop, and other feats. For his merits in these all more or less based upon

his experiences as a dragoon guardsman Troy was taken into the company, and the play of Turpin was

prepared with a view to his personation of the chief character. Troy was not greatly elated by the appreciative

spirit in which he was undoubtedly treated, but he thought the engagement might afford him a few weeks for

consideration. It was thus carelessly, and without having formed any definite plan for the future, that Troy

And now the mild autumn sun got lower, and in front of the pavilion the following incident had taken place.

Bathsheba who was driven to the fair that day by her odd man Poorgrass had, like every one else, read

or heard the announcement that Mr. Francis, the Great Cosmopolitan Equestrian and Roughrider, would enact

the part of Turpin, and she was not yet too old and careworn to be without a little curiosity to see him. This

particular show was by far the largest and grandest in the fair, a horde of little shows grouping themselves

under its shade like chickens around a hen. The crowd had passed in, and Boldwood, who had been watching

all the day for an opportunity of speaking to her, seeing her comparatively isolated, came up to her side.

"Oh yes, thank you," said Bathsheba, colour springing up in the centre of her cheeks. "I was fortunate enough

"Yes, except that I have to see one more dealer in two hours' time: otherwise I should be going home. He was

looking at this large tent and the announcement. Have you ever seen the play of "Turpin's Ride to York?"

"Oh yes, perfectly true all of it. Indeed, I think I've heard Jan Coggan say that a relation of his knew Tom

"Coggan is rather given to strange stories connected with his relations, we must remember. I hope they can all

"Yes, yes; we know Coggan. But Turpin is true enough. You have never seen it played, I suppose?"

"Never. I was not allowed to go into these places when I was young. Hark! What's that prancing? How they

"Black Bess just started off, I suppose. Am I right in supposing you would like to see the performance, Mrs.

Troy? Please excuse my mistake, if it is one; but if you would like to, I'll get a seat for you with pleasure."

Perceiving that she hesitated, he added, "I myself shall not stay to see it: I've seen it before."

Now Bathsheba did care a little to see the show, and had only withheld her feet from the ladder because she

feared to go in alone. She had been hoping that Oak might appear, whose assistance in such cases was always

accepted as an inalienable right, but Oak was nowhere to be seen; and hence it was that she said, "Then if you

will just look in first, to see if there's room, I think I will go in for a minute or two."

And so a short time after this Bathsheba appeared in the tent with Boldwood at her elbow, who, taking her to

This feature consisted of one raised bench in very conspicuous part of the circle, covered with red cloth, and

floored with a piece of carpet, and Bathsheba immediately found, to her confusion, that she was the single

reserved individual in the tent, the rest of the crowded spectators, one and all, standing on their legs on the

borders of the arena, where they got twice as good a view of the performance for half the money. Hence as

many eyes were turned upon her, enthroned alone in this place of honour, against a scarlet background, as

upon the ponies and clown who were engaged in preliminary exploits in the centre, Turpin not having yet

appeared. Once there, Bathsheba was forced to make the best of it and remain: she sat down, spreading her

skirts with some dignity over the unoccupied space on each side of her, and giving a new and feminine aspect

to the pavilion. In a few minutes she noticed the fat red nape of Coggan's neck among those standing just

The interior was shadowy with a peculiar shade. The strange luminous semiopacities of fine autumn

afternoons and eves intensified into Rembrandt effects the few yellow sunbeams which came through holes

and divisions in the canvas, and spirted like jets of golddust across the dusky blue atmosphere of haze

pervading the tent, until they alighted on inner surfaces of cloth opposite, and shone like little lamps

Troy, on peeping from his dressingtent through a slit for a reconnoitre before entering, saw his unconscious

wife on high before him as described, sitting as queen of the tournament. He started back in utter confusion,

for although his disguise effectually concealed his personality, he instantly felt that she would be sure to

recognize his voice. He had several times during the day thought of the possibility of some Weatherbury

person or other appearing and recognizing him; but he had taken the risk carelessly. If they see me, let them,

he had said. But here was Bathsheba in her own person; and the reality of the scene was so much intenser

than any of his prefigurings that he felt he had not half enough considered the point.

She looked so charming and fair that his cool mood about Weatherbury people was changed. He had not

expected her to exercise this power over him in the twinkling of an eye. Should he go on, and care nothing?

He could not bring himself to do that. Beyond a politic wish to remain unknown, there suddenly arose in him

now a sense of shame at the possibility that his attractive young wife, who already despised him, should

despise him more by discovering him in so mean a condition after so long a time. He actually blushed at the

thought, and was vexed beyond measure that his sentiments of dislike towards Weatherbury should have led

But Troy was never more clever than when absolutely at his wit's end. He hastily thrust aside the curtain

dividing his own little dressing space from that of the manager and proprietor, who now appeared as the

individual called Tom King as far down as his waist, and as the aforesaid respectable manager thence to his

"Why, there's a blackguard creditor in the tent I don't want to see, who'll discover me and nab me as sure as

"Do you give out that Turpin has got a bad cold, and can't speak his part, but that he'll perform it just the

"Very well, then let me see. I tell you how we'll manage," said the other, who perhaps felt it would be

extremely awkward to offend his leading man just at this time. "I won't tell 'em anything about your keeping

silence; go on with the piece and say nothing, doing what you can by a judicious wink now and then, and a

few indomitable nods in the heroic places, you know. They'll never find out that the speeches are omitted."

This seemed feasible enough, for Turpin's speeches were not many or long, the fascination of the piece lying

entirely in the action; and accordingly the play began, and at the appointed time Black Bess leapt into the

grassy circle amid the plaudits of the spectators. At the turnpike scene, where Bess and Turpin are hotly

pursued at midnight by the officers, and halfawake gatekeeper in his tasselled nightcap denies that any

horseman has passed, Coggan uttered a broadchested "Well done!" which could be heard all over the fair

above the bleating, and Poorgrass smiled delightedly with a nice sense of dramatic contrast between our hero,

who coolly leaps the gate, and halting justice in the form of his enemies, who must needs pull up

cumbersomely and wait to be let through. At the death of Tom King, he could not refrain from seizing

Coggan by the hand, and whispering, with tears in his eyes, "Of course he's not really shot, Jan only

seemingly!" And when the last sad scene came on, and the body of the gallant and faithful Bess had to be

carried out on a shutter by twelve volunteers from among the spectators, nothing could restrain Poorgrass

from lending a hand, exclaiming, as he asked Jan to join him, "Twill be something to tell of at Warren's in

future years, Jan, and hand down to our children." For many a year in Weatherbury, Joseph told, with the air

of a man who had had experiences in his time, that he touched with his own hand the hoof of Bess as she lay

upon the board upon his shoulder. If, as some thinkers hold, immortality consists in being enshrined in others'

memories, then did Black Bess become immortal that day if she never had done so before.

Meanwhile Troy had added a few touches to his ordinary make up for the character, the more effectually to

disguise himself, and though he had felt faint qualms on first entering, the metamorphosis effected by

judiciously "lining" his face with a wire rendered him safe from the eyes of Bathsheba and her men.

There a second performance in the evening, and the tent was lighted up. Troy had taken his part very quietly

this time, venturing to introduce a few speeches on occasion; and was just concluding it when, whilst

standing at the edge of the circle contiguous to the first row of spectators, he observed within a yard of him

the eye of a man darted keenly into his side features. Troy hastily shifted his position, after having recognized

in the scrutineer the knavish baliff Pennyways, his wife's sworn enemy, who still hung about the outskirts of

At first Troy resolved to take no notice and abide by circumstances. That he had been recognized by this man

was highly probable; yet there was room for a doubt. Then the great objection he had felt to allowing news of

his proximity to precede him to Weatherbury in the event of his return, based on a feeling that knowledge of

his present occupation would discredit him still further in his wife's eyes, returned in full force. Moreover,

should he resolve not to return at all, a tale of his being alive and being in the neighbourhood would be

awkward; and he was anxious to acquire a knowledge of his wife's temporal affairs before deciding which to

In this dilemma Troy at once went out to reconnoitre. It occurred to him that to find Pennyways, and make a

friend of him if possible, would be a very wise act. He had put on a thick beard borrowed from the

establishment, and in this he wandered about the fairfield. It was now almost dark, and respectable people

The largest refreshment booth in the fair was provided by an innkeeper from a neighbouring town. This was

considered an unexceptionable place for obtaining the necessary food and rest: Host Trencher (as he was

jauntily called by the local newspaper) being a substantial man of high repute for catering through all the

country round. The tent was divided into first and secondclass compartments, and at the end of the

firstclass division was a yet further enclosure for the most exclusive, fenced off from the body of the tent by

a luncheonbar, behind which the host himself stood bustling about in white apron and shirtsleeves, and

looking as if he had never lived anywhere but under canvas all his life. In these penetralia were chairs and a

table, which, on candles being lighted, made quite a cozy and luxurious show, with an urn, plated tea and

Troy stood at the entrance to the booth, where a gipsywoman was frying pancakes over a little fire of sticks

and selling them at a penny apiece, and looked over the heads of the people within. He could see nothing of

Pennyways, but he soon discerned Bathsheba through an opening into the reserved space at the further end.

Troy thereupon retreated, went round the tent into the darkness, and listened. He could hear Bathsheba's

voice immediately inside the canvas; she was conversing with a man. A warmth overspread his face: surely

she was not so unprincipled as to flirt in a fair! He wondered if, then, she reckoned upon his death as an

absolute certainty. To get at the root of the matter, Troy took a penknife from his pocket and softly made two

little cuts crosswise in the cloth, which, by folding back the corners left a hole the size of a wafer. Close to

this he placed his face, withdrawing it again in a movement of surprise; for his eye had been within twelve

inches of the top of Bathsheba's head. It was too near to be convenient. He made another hole a little to one

side and lower down, in a shaded place beside her chair, from which it was easy and safe to survey her by

Troy took in the scene completely now. She was leaning back, sipping a cup of tea that she held in her hand,

and the owner of the male voice was Boldwood, who had apparently just brought the cup to her, Bathsheba,

being in a negligent mood, leant so idly against the canvas that it was pressed to the shape of her shoulder,

and she was, in fact, as good as in Troy's arms; and he was obliged to keep his breast carefully backward that

Troy found unexpected chords of feeling to be stirred again within him as they had been stirred earlier in the

day. She was handsome as ever, and she was his. It was some minutes before he could counteract his sudden

wish to go in, and claim her. Then he thought how the proud girl who had always looked down upon him

even whilst it was to love him, would hate him on discovering him to be a strolling player. Were he to make

himself known, that chapter of his life must at all risks be kept for ever from her and from the Weatherbury

people, or his name would be a byword throughout the parish. He would be nicknamed "Turpin" as long as he

lived. Assuredly before he could claim her these few past months of his existence must be entirely blotted

"Thank you," said Bathsheba. "But I must be going at once. It was great neglect in that man to keep me

waiting here till so late. I should have gone two hours ago, if it had not been for him. I had no idea of coming

in here; but there's nothing so refreshing as a cup of tea, though I should never have got one if you hadn't

Troy scrutinized her cheek as lit by the candles, and watched each varying shade thereon, and the white

shelllike sinuosities of her little ear. She took out her purse and was insisting to Boldwood on paying for her

tea for herself, when at this moment Pennyways entered the tent. Troy trembled: here was his scheme for

respectability endangered at once. He was about to leave his hole of espial, attempt to follow Pennyways, and

find out if the exbailiff had recognized him, when he was arrested by the conversation, and found he was

"Excuse me, ma'am," said Pennyways; "I've some private information for your ear alone."

"I cannot hear it now," she said, coldly. That Bathsheba could not endure this man was evident; in fact, he

was continually coming to her with some tale or other, by which he might creep into favour at the expense of

"I'll write it down," said Pennyways, confidently. He stooped over the table, pulled a leaf from a warped

This he folded small, and handed towards her. Bathsheba would not read it; she would not even put out her

hand to take it. Pennyways, then, with a laugh of derision, tossed it into her lap, and, turning away, left her.

From the words and action of Pennyways, Troy, though he had not been able to see what the exbailiff wrote,

had not a moment's doubt that the note referred to him. Nothing that he could think of could be done to check

the exposure. "Curse my luck!" he whispered, and added imprecations which rustled in the gloom like a

"Oh, well," said Bathsheba, carelessly, "perhaps it is unjust not to read it; but I can guess what it is about. He

wants me to recommend him, or it is to tell me of some little scandal or another connected with my

Bathsheba held the note in her right hand. Boldwood handed towards her a plate of cut breadandbutter;

when, in order to take a slice, she put the note into her left hand, where she was still holding the purse, and

then allowed her hand to drop beside her close to the canvas. The moment had come for saving his game, and

Troy impulsively felt that he would play the card. For yet another time he looked at the fair hand, and saw the

pink fingertips, and the blue veins of the wrist, encircled by a bracelet of coral chippings which she wore:

how familiar it all was to him! Then, with the lightning action in which he was such an adept, he noiselessly

slipped his hand under the bottom of the tent cloth, which was far from being pinned tightly down, lifted it a

little way, keeping his eye to the hole, snatched the note from her fingers, dropped the canvas, and ran away

in the gloom towards the bank and ditch, smiling at the scream of astonishment which burst from her. Troy

then slid down on the outside of the rampart, hastened round in the bottom of the entrenchment to a distance

of a hundred yards, ascended again, and crossed boldly in a slow walk towards the front entrance of the tent.

His object was now to get to Pennyways, and prevent a repetition of the announcement until such time as he

Troy reached the tent door, and standing among the groups there gathered, looked anxiously for Pennyways,

evidently not wishing to make himself prominent by inquiring for him. One or two men were speaking of a

daring attempt that had just been made to rob a young lady by lifting the canvas of the tent beside her. It was

supposed that the rogue had imagined a slip of paper which she held in her hand to be a bank note, for he had

seized it, and made off with it, leaving her purse behind. His chagrin and disappointment at discovering its

worthlessness would be a good joke, it was said. However, the occurrence seemed to have become known to

few, for it had not interrupted a fiddler, who had lately begun playing by the door of the tent, nor the four

bowed old men with grim countenances and walkingsticks in hand, who were dancing "Major Malley's

Reel" to the tune. Behind these stood Pennyways. Troy glided up to him, beckoned, and whispered a few

words; and with a mutual glance of concurrence the two men went into the night together.

THE arrangement for getting back again to Weatherbury had been that Oak should take the place of

Poorgrass in Bathsheba's conveyance and drive her home, it being discovered late in the afternoon that

Joseph was suffering from his old complaint, a multiplying eye, and was, therefore, hardly trustworthy as

coachman and protector to a woman. But Oak had found himself so occupied, and was full of so many cares

relative to those portions of Boldwood's flocks that were not disposed of, that Bathsheba, without telling Oak

or anybody, resolved to drive home herself, as she had many times done from Casterbridge Market, and trust

to her good angel for performing the journey unmolested. But having fallen in with Farmer Boldwood

accidentally (on her part at least) at the refreshmenttent, she found it impossible to refuse his offer to ride on

horseback beside her as escort. It had grown twilight before she was aware, but Boldwood assured her that

Immediately after the incident in the tent, she had risen to go now absolutely alarmed and really grateful

for her old lover's protection though regretting Gabriel's absence, whose company she would have much

preferred, as being more proper as well as more pleasant, since he was her own managingman and servant.

This, however, could not be helped; she would not, on any consideration, treat Boldwood harshly, having

once already illused him, and the moon having risen, and the gig being ready, she drove across the hilltop in

the wending way's which led downwards to oblivious obscurity, as it seemed, for the moon and the hill it

flooded with light were in appearance on a level, the rest of the world lying as a vast shady concave between

them. Boldwood mounted his horse, and followed in close attendance behind. Thus they descended into the

lowlands, and the sounds of those left on the hill came like voices from the sky, and the lights were as those

of a camp in heaven. They soon passed the merry stragglers in the immediate vicinity of the hill, traversed

The keen instincts of Bathsheba had perceived that the farmer's staunch devotion to herself was still un

diminished, and she sympathized deeply. The sight had quite depressed her this evening; had reminded her of

her folly; she wished anew, as she had wished many months ago, for some means of making reparation for

her fault. Hence her pity for the man who so persistently loved on to his own injury and permanent gloom had

betrayed Bathsheba into an injudicious considerateness of manner, which appeared almost like tenderness,

and gave new vigour to the exquisite dream of a Jacob's seven years service in poor Boldwood's mind.

He soon found an excuse for advancing from his position in the rear, and rode close by her side. They had

gone two or three miles in the moonlight, speaking desultorily across the wheel of her gig concerning the fair,

farming, Oak's usefulness to them both, and other indifferent subjects, when Boldwood said suddenly and

This pointblank query unmistakably confused her, it was not till a minute or more had elapsed that she said,

"I quite understand that. Yet your late husband has been dead nearly one year, and "

"You forget that his death was never absolutely proved, and may not have taken place; so that I may not be

really a widow," she said, catching at the straw of escape that the fact afforded.

"Not absolutely proved, perhaps, but it was proved circumstantially. A man saw him drowning, too. No

reasonable person has any doubt of his death; nor have you, ma'am, I should imagine.

"I have none now, or I should have acted differently," she said, gently. "I certainly, at first, had a strange

uaccountable feeling that he could not have perished, but I have been able to explain that in several ways

since. But though I am fully persuaded that I shall see him no more, I am far from thinking of marriage with

They were silent now awhile, and having struck into an unfrequented track across a common, the creaks of

Boldwood's saddle and gig springs were all the sounds to be heard. Boldwood ended the pause.

"Do you remember when I carried you fainting in my arms into the King's Arms, in Casterbridge? Every dog

"I, for one, shall never cease regretting that events so fell out as to deny you to me."

"I, too, am very sorry," she said, and then checked herself. "I mean, you know, I am sorry you thought I

"I have always this dreary pleasure in thinking over those past times with you that I was something to you

before HE was anything, and that you belonged ALMOST to me. But, of course, that's nothing. You never

"I don't know at least, I cannot tell you. It is difficult for a woman to define her feelings in language which

is chiefly made by men to express theirs. My treatment of you was thoughtless, inexcusable, wicked! I shall

eternally regret it. If there had been anything I could have done to make amends I would most gladly have

done it there was nothing on earth I so longed to do as to repair the error. But that was not possible."

"Don't blame yourself you were not so far in the wrong as you suppose. Bathsheba, suppose you had real

complete proof that you are what, in fact, you are a widow would you repair the old wrong to me by

"Well, then, do you know that without further proof of any kind you may marry again in about six years from

"Oh yes," she said, quickly. "I know all that. But don't talk of it seven or six years where may we all be

"They will soon glide by, and it will seem an astonishingly short time to look back upon when they are past

"Now listen once more," Boldwood pleaded. "If I wait that time, will you marry me? You own that you owe

"No indeed! I mean, that I don't like to talk about this matter now. Perhaps it is not proper, and I ought not to

"Of course, I'll drop the subject if you wish. But propriety has nothing to do with reasons. I am a middle

aged man, willing to protect you for the remainder of our lives. On your side, at least, there is no passion or

blamable haste on mine, perhaps, there is. But I can't help seeing that if you choose from a feeling of pity,

and, as you say, a wish to make amends, to make a bargain with me for a farahead time an agreement

which will set all things right and make me happy, late though it may be there is no fault to be found with

you as a woman. Hadn't I the first place beside you? Haven't you been almost mine once already? Surely you

can say to me as much as this, you will have me back again should circumstances permit? Now, pray speak!

O Bathsheba, promise it is only a little promise that if you marry again, you will marry me!"

His tone was so excited that she almost feared him at this moment, even whilst she sympathized. It was a

simple physical fear the weak of the strong; there was no emotional aversion or inner repugnance. She

said, with some distress in her voice, for she remembered vividly his outburst on the Yalbury Road, and

"I will never marry another man whilst you wish me to be your wife, whatever comes but to say more

"But let it stand in these simple words that in six years' time you will be my wife? Unexpected accidents

we'll not mention, because those, of course, must be given way to. Now, this time I know you will keep your

She breathed; and then said mournfully: "Oh what shall I do? I don't love you, and I much fear that I never

shall love you as much as a woman ought to love a husband. If you, sir, know that, and I can yet give you

happiness by a mere promise to marry at the end of six years, if my husband should not come back, it is a

great honour to me. And if you value such an act of friendship from a woman who doesn't esteem herself as

"Christmas!" He said nothing further till he added: "Well, I'll say no more to you about it till that time."

Bathsheba was in a very peculiar state of mind, which showed how entirely the soul is the slave of the body,

the ethereal spirit dependent for its quality upon the tangible flesh and blood. It is hardly too much to say that

she felt coerced by a force stronger than her own will, not only into the act of promising upon this singularly

remote and vague matter, but into the emotion of fancying that she ought to promise. When the weeks

intervening between the night of this conversation and Christmas day began perceptibly to diminish, her

One day she was led by an accident into an oddly confidential dialogue with Gabriel about her difficulty. It

afforded her a little relief of a dull and cheerless kind. They were auditing accounts, and something

occurred in the course of their labours which led Oak to say, speaking of Boldwood, "He'll never forget you,

Then out came her trouble before she was aware; and she told him how she had again got into the toils; what

Boldwood had asked her, and how he was expecting her assent. "The most mournful reason of all for my

agreeing to it," she said sadly, "and the true reason why I think to do so for good or for evil, is this it is a

thing I have not breathed to a living soul as yet I believe that if I don't give my word, he'll go out of his

"I believe this," she continued, with reckless frankness; "and Heaven knows I say it in a spirit the very reverse

of vain, for I am grieved and troubled to my soul about it I believe I hold that man's future in my hand.

His career depends entirely upon my treatment of him. O Gabriel, I tremble at my responsibility, for it is

"Well, I think this much, ma'am, as I told you years ago," said Oak, "that his life is a total blank whenever he

isn't hoping for 'ee; but I can't suppose I hope that nothing so dreadful hangs on to it as you fancy. His

natural manner has always been dark and strange, you know. But since the case is so sad and oddlike, why

"But is it right? Some rash acts of my past life have taught me that a watched woman must have very much

circumspection to retain only a very little credit, and I do want and long to be discreet in this! And six years

why we may all be in our graves by that time, even if Mr. Troy does not come back again, which he may

not impossibly do! Such thoughts give a sort of absurdity to the scheme. Now, isn't it preposterous, Gabriel?

However he came to dream of it, I cannot think. But is it wrong? You know you are older than I."

"Perhaps it would be an uncommon agreement for a man and woman to make: I don't see anything really

wrong about it," said Oak, slowly. "In fact the very thing that makes it doubtful if you ought to marry en

"Yes, you may suppose that love is wanting," she said shortly. "Love is an utterly bygone, sorry, wornout,

"Well, your want of love seems to me the one thing that takes away harm from such an agreement with him.

If wild heat had to do wi' it, making ye long to overcome the awkwardness about your husband's vanishing,

it mid be wrong; but a coldhearted agreement to oblige a man seems different, somehow. The real sin,

ma'am in my mind, lies in thinking of ever wedding wi' a man you don't love honest and true."

"That I'm willing to pay the penalty of," said Bathsheba, firmly. "You know, Gabriel, this is what I cannot get

off my conscience that I once seriously injured him in sheer idleness. If I had never played a trick upon

him, he would never have wanted to marry me. Oh if I could only pay some heavy damages in money to him

for the harm I did, and so get the sin off my soul that way!... Well, there's the debt, which can only be

discharged in one way, and I believe I am bound to do it if it honestly lies in my power, without any

consideration of my own future at all. When a rake gambles away his expectations, the fact that it is an

inconvenient debt doesn't make him the less liable. I've been a rake, and the single point I ask you is,

considering that my own scruples, and the fact that in the eye of the law my husband is only missing, will

keep any man from marrying me until seven years have passed am I free to entertain such an idea, even

though 'tis a sort of penance for it will be that? I HATE the act of marriage under such circumstances, and

"It seems to me that all depends upon whe'r you think, as everybody else do, that your husband is dead."

"Yes I've long ceased to doubt that. I well know what would have brought him back long before this time

"Well, then, in a religious sense you will be as free to THINK o' marrying again as any real widow of one

year's standing. But why don't ye ask Mr. Thirdly's advice on how to treat Mr. Boldwood?"

"No. When I want a broadminded opinion for general enlightenment, distinct from special advice, I never

go to a man who deals in the subject professionally. So I like the parson's opinion on law, the lawyer's on

doctoring, the doctor's on business, and my businessman's that is, yours on morals."

She had spoken frankly, and neither asked nor expected any reply from Gabriel more satisfactory than that

she had obtained. Yet in the centremost parts of her complicated heart there existed at this minute a little pang

of disappointment, for a reason she would not allow herself to recognize. Oak had not once wished her free

that he might marry her himself had not once said, "I could wait for you as well as he." That was the

insect sting. Not that she would have listened to any such hypothesis. O no for wasn't she saying all the

time that such thoughts of the future were improper, and wasn't Gabriel far too poor a man to speak sentiment

to her? Yet he might have just hinted about that old love of his, and asked, in a playful offhand way, if he

might speak of it. It would have seemed pretty and sweet, if no more; and then she would have shown how

kind and inoffensive a woman's "No" can sometimes be. But to give such cool advice the very advice she

CHRISTMASEVE came, and a party that Boldwood was to give in the evening was the great subject of talk

in Weatherbury. It was not that the rarity of Christmas parties in the parish made this one a wonder, but that

Boldwood should be the giver. The announcement had had an abnormal and incongruous sound, as if one

should hear of croquetplaying in a cathedral aisle, or that some muchrespected judge was going upon the

stage. That the party was intended to be a truly jovial one there was no room for doubt. A large bough of

mistletoe had been brought from the woods that day, and suspended in the hall of the bachelor's home. Holly

and ivy had followed in armfuls. From six that morning till past noon the huge wood fire in the kitchen

roared and sparkled at its highest, the kettle, the saucepan, and the three legged pot appearing in the midst of

the flames like Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego; moreover, roasting and basting operations were

As it grew later the fire was made up in the large long hall into which the staircase descended, and all

encumbrances were cleared out for dancing. The log which was to form the backbrand of the evening fire

was the uncleft trunk of a tree, so unwieldy that it could be neither brought nor rolled to its place; and

accordingly two men were to be observed dragging and heaving it in by chains and levers as the hour of

In spite of all this, the spirit of revelry was wanting in the atmosphere of the house. Such a thing had never

been attempted before by its owner, and it was now done as by a wrench. Intended gaieties would insist upon

appearing like solemn grandeurs, the organization of the whole effort was carried out coldly, by hirelings, and

a shadow seemed to move about the rooms, saying that the proceedings were unnatural to the place and the

Bathsheba was at this time in her room, dressing for the event. She had called for candles, and Liddy entered

"Don't go away, Liddy," said Bathsheba, almost timidly. "I am foolishly agitated I cannot tell why. I wish

I had not been obliged to go to this dance; but there's no escaping now. I have not spoken to Mr. Boldwood

since the autumn, when I promised to see him at Christmas on business, but I had no idea there was to be

"But I would go now," said Liddy, who was going with her; for Boldwood had been indiscriminate in his

"Yes, I shall make my appearance, of course," said Bathsheba." But I am THE CAUSE of the party, and that

"Yes. I am the reason of the party I. If it had not been for me, there would never have been one. I can't

explain any more there's no more to be explained. I wish I had never seen Weatherbury."

"No, Liddy. I have never been free from trouble since I have lived here, and this party is likely to bring me

"But you will leave off that, surely, ma'am? You have been a widowlady fourteen months, and ought to

"Is it necessary? No; I will appear as usual, for if I were to wear any light dress people would say things

about me, and I should seem to he rejoicing when I am solemn all the time. The party doesn't suit me a bit;

Boldwood was dressing also at this hour. A tailor from Casterbridge was with him, assisting him in the

Never had Boldwood been so fastidious, unreasonable about the fit, and generally difficult to please. The

tailor walked round and round him, tugged at the waist, pulled the sleeve, pressed out the collar, and for the

first time in his experience Boldwood was not bored. Times had been when the farmer had exclaimed against

all such niceties as childish, but now no philosophic or hasty rebuke whatever was provoked by this man for

attaching as much importance to a crease in the coat as to an earthquake in South America. Boldwood at last

expressed himself nearly satisfied, and paid the bill, the tailor passing out of the door just as Oak came in to

"Oh, Oak," said Boldwood. "I shall of course see you here tonight. Make yourself merry. I am determined

"I'll try to be here, sir, though perhaps it may not be very early," said Gabriel, quietly. "I am glad indeed to

"Yes I must own it I am bright tonight: cheerful and more than cheerful so much so that I am

almost sad again with the sense that all of it is passing away. And sometimes, when I am excessively hopeful

and blithe, a trouble is looming in the distance: so that I often get to look upon gloom in me with content, and

to fear a happy mood. Still this may be absurd I feel that it is absurd. Perhaps my day is dawning at last."

"Thank you thank you. Yet perhaps my cheerful mess rests on a slender hope. And yet I trust my hope. It

is faith, not hope. I think this time I reckon with my host. Oak, my hands are a little shaky, or something; I

can't tie this neckerchief properly. Perhaps you will tie it for me. The fact is, I have not been well lately, you

"Oh, it's nothing. I want it done as well as you can, please. Is there any late knot in fashion, Oak?"

Boldwood approached Gabriel, and as Oak tied the neckerchief the farmer went on feverishly

"I won't answer for her implying," said Oak, with faint bitterness. "That's a word as full o' holes as a sieve

Oak, don't talk like that. You have got quite cynical lately how is it? We seem to have shifted our

positions: I have become the young and hopeful man, and you the old and unbelieving one. However, does a

woman keep a promise, not to marry, but to enter on an engagement to marry at some time? Now you know

"I am afeard you honour my understanding too much. However, she may keep such a promise, if it is made

"It has not gone far yet, but I think it will soon yes, I know it will," he said, in an impulsive whisper. "I

have pressed her upon the subject, and she inclines to be kind to me, and to think of me as a husband at a long

future time, and that's enough for me. How can I expect more? She has a notion that a woman should not

marry within seven years of her husband's disappearance that her own self shouldn't, I mean because

his body was not found. It may be merely this legal reason which influences her, or it may be a religious one,

but she is reluctant to talk on the point. Yet she has promised implied that she will ratify an

"No, no it's no such thing!" he said, with impatience. Five years, nine months, and a few days. Fifteen

months nearly have passed since he vanished, and is there anything so wonderful in an engagement of little

"It seems long in a forward view. Don't build too much upon such promises, sir. Remember, you have once

"Deceived? Never!" said Boldwood, vehemently. "She never promised me at that first time, and hence she

did not break her promise! If she promises me, she'll marry me, Bathsheba is a woman to her word."

Troy was sitting in a corner of The White Hart tavern at Casterbridge, smoking and drinking a steaming

"Yet I don't see that, because a man appears to be drowned and was not, he should be liable for anything. I

"But that's not it, exactly. If a man changes his name and so forth, and takes steps to deceive the world and

his own wife, he's a cheat, and that in the eye of the law is ayless a rogue, and that is ayless a lammocken

"Haha! Well done, Pennyways," Troy had laughed, but it was with some anxiety that he said, "Now, what I

want to know is this, do you think there's really anything going on between her and Boldwood? Upon my

soul, I should never have believed it! How she must detest me! Have you found out whether she has

"I haen't been able to learn. There's a deal of feeling on his side seemingly, but I don't answer for her. I didn't

know a word about any such thing till yesterday, and all I heard then was that she was gwine to the party at

his house tonight. This is the first time she has ever gone there, they say. And they say that she've not so

much as spoke to him since they were at Greenhill Fair: but what can folk believe o't? However, she's not

"I'm not so sure of that.... She's a handsome woman, Pennyways, is she not? Own that you never saw a finer

or more splendid creature in your life. Upon my honour, when I set eyes upon her that day I wondered what I

could have been made of to be able to leave her by herself so long. And then I was hampered with that

bothering show, which I'm free of at last, thank the stars." He smoked on awhile, and then added, "How did

"Oh, she took no great heed of me, ye may well fancy; but she looked well enough, far's I know. Just flashed

her haughty eyes upon my poor scram body, and then let them go past me to what was yond, much as if I'd

been no more than a leafless tree. She had just got off her mare to look at the last wringdown of cider for the

year; she had been riding, and so her colours were up and her breath rather quick, so that her bosom plimmed

and fell plimmed and fell every time plain to my eye. Ay, and there were the fellers round her

wringing down the cheese and bustling about and saying, "Ware o' the pommy, ma'am: 'twill spoil yer gown."

"Never mind me," says she. Then Gabe brought her some of the new cider, and she must needs go drinking it

through a strawmote, and not in a nateral way at all. "Liddy," says she, "bring indoors a few gallons, and I'll

make some cider wine." Sergeant, I was no more to her than a morsel of scroff in the fuelhouse!"

"I must go and find her out at once O yes, I see that I must go. Oak is head man still, isn't he?"

"I don't know about that. She can't do without him, and knowing it well he's pretty independent. And she've a

few soft corners to her mind, though I've never been able to get into one, the devil's in't!"

"Ah, baily, she's a notch above you, and you must own it: a higher class of animal a finer tissue. However,

stick to me, and neither this haughty goddess, dashing piece of womanhood, Junowife of mine (Juno was a

goddess, you know), nor anybody else shall hurt you. But all this wants looking into, I perceive. What with

"How do I look tonight, Liddy?" said Bathsheba, giving a final adjustment to her dress before leaving the

"I never saw you look so well before. Yes I'll tell you when you looked like it that night, a year and a

half ago, when you came in so wildlike, and scolded us for making remarks about you and Mr. Troy."

"Everybody will think that I am setting myself to captivate Mr. Boldwood, I suppose," she murmured. "At

least they'll say so. Can't my hair be brushed down a little flatter? I dread going yet I dread the risk of

"Anyhow, ma'am, you can't well be dressed plainer than you are, unless you go in sackcloth at once. 'Tis your

"I don't know what's the matter, I feel wretched at one time, and buoyant at another. I wish I could have

continued quite alone as I have been for the last year or so, with no hopes and no fears, and no pleasure and

"Now just suppose Mr. Boldwood should ask you only just suppose it to run away with him, what

"Liddy none of that," said Bathsheba, gravely. "Mind, I won't hear joking on any such matter. Do you

"I beg pardon, ma'am. But knowing what rum things we women be, I just said however, I won't speak of it

"No marrying for me yet for many a year; if ever, 'twill be for reasons very, very different from those you

"Oak," said Boldwood, "before you go I want to mention what has been passing in my mind lately that

little arrangement we made about your share in the farm I mean. That share is small, too small, considering

how little I attend to business now, and how much time and thought you give to it. Well, since the world is

brightening for me, I want to show my sense of it by increasing your proportion in the partnership. I'll make a

memorandum of the arrangement which struck me as likely to be convenient, for I haven't time to talk about

it now; and then we'll discuss it at our leisure. My intention is ultimately to retire from the management

altogether, and until you can take all the expenditure upon your shoulders, I'll be a sleeping partner in the

"Pray don't speak of it, sir," said Oak, hastily. "We don't know what may happen. So many upsets may befall

'ee. There's many a slip, as they say and I would advise you I know you'll pardon me this once

"I know, I know. But the feeling I have about increasing your share is on account of what I know of you Oak,

I have learnt a little about your secret: your interest in her is more than that of bailiff for an employer. But

you have behaved like a man, and I, as a sort of successful rival successful partly through your goodness

of heart should like definitely to show my sense of your friendship under what must have been a great

"O that's not necessary, thank 'ee," said Oak, hurriedly. "I must get used to such as that; other men have, and

Oak then left him. He was uneasy on Boldwood's account, for he saw anew that this constant passion of the

As Boldwood continued awhile in his room alone ready and dressed to receive his company the mood

of anxiety about his appearance seemed to pass away, and to be succeeded by a deep solemnity. He looked

out of the window, and regarded the dim outline of the trees upon the sky, and the twilight deepening to

Then he went to a locked closet, and took from a locked drawer therein a small circular case the size of a

pillbox, and was about to put it into his pocket. But he lingered to open the cover and take a momentary

glance inside. It contained a woman's fingerring, set all the way round with small diamonds, and from its

appearance had evidently been recently purchased. Boldwood's eyes dwelt upon its many sparkles a long

time, though that its material aspect concerned him little was plain from his manner and mien, which were

those of a mind following out the presumed thread of that jewel's future history.

The noise of wheels at the front of the house became audible. Boldwood closed the box, stowed it away

carefully in his pocket, and went out upon the landing. The old man who was his indoor factotum came at the

A reserved and sombre expression had returned to Boldwood's face again, but it poorly cloaked his feelings

when he pronounced Bathsheba's name; and his feverish anxiety continued to show its existence by a

galloping motion of his fingers upon the side of his thigh as he went down the stairs.

"How does this cover me?" said Troy to Pennyways, "Nobody would recognize me now, I'm sure."

He was buttoning on a heavy grey overcoat of Noachian cut, with cape and high collar, the latter being erect

and rigid, like a girdling wall, and nearly reaching to the verge of travelling cap which was pulled down over

Pennyways snuffed the candle, and then looked up and deliberately inspected Troy.

"Why not write to her? 'Tis a very queer corner that you have got into, sergeant. You see all these things will

come to light if you go back, and they won't sound well at all. Faith, if I was you I'd even bide as you be a

single man of the name of Francis. A good wife is good, but the best wife is not so good as no wife at all.

Now that's my outspoke mind, and I've been called a longheaded feller here and there."

"All nonsense!" said Troy, angrily. "There she is with plenty of money, and a house and farm, and horses,

and comfort, and here am I living from hand to mouth a needy adventurer. Besides, it is no use talking

now; it is too late, and I am glad of it; I've been seen and recognized here this very afternoon. I should have

gone back to her the day after the fair, if it hadn't been for you talking about the law, and rubbish about

getting a separation; and I don't put it off any longer. What the deuce put it into my head to run away at all, I

can't think! Humbugging sentiment that's what it was. But what man on earth was to know that his wife

"Well, sergeant, all I say is this, that if I were you I'd go abroad again where I came from 'tisn't too late to

do it now. I wouldn't stir up the business and get a bad name for the sake of living with her for all that

about your playacting is sure to come out, you know, although you think otherwise. My eyes and limbs,

there'll be a racket if you go back just now in the middle of Boldwood's Christmasing!"

"H'm, yes. I expect I shall not be a very welcome guest if he has her there," said the sergeant, with a slight

laugh. "A sort of Alonzo the Brave; and when I go in the guests will sit in silence and fear, and all laughter

and pleasure will be hushed, and the lights in the chamber burn blue, and the worms Ugh, horrible!

Ring for some more brandy, Pennyways, I felt an awful shudder just then! Well, what is there besides? A

Pennyways now felt himself to be in something of a difficulty, for should Bathsheba and Troy become

reconciled it would be necessary to regain her good opinion if he would secure the patronage of her husband.

I sometimes think she likes you yet, and is a good woman at bottom," he said, as a saving sentence. "But

there's no telling to a certainty from a body's outside. Well, you'll do as you like about going, of course,

"Now, let me see what the time is," said Troy, after emptying his glass in one draught as he stood. 'Halfpast

six o'clock. I shall not hurry along the road, and shall be there then before nine."

OUTSIDE the front of Boldwood's house a group of men stood in the dark, with their faces towards the door,

which occasionally opened and closed for the passage of some guest or servant, when a golden rod of light

would stripe the ground for the moment and vanish again, leaving nothing outside but the glowworm shine of

"He was seen in Casterbridge this afternoon so the boy said," one of them remarked in a whisper. "And l

"'Tis a strange story," said the next. "You may depend upon't that she knows nothing about it."

"If he's alive and here in the neighbourhood, he means mischief," said the first. "Poor young thing: I do pity

"O no; he'll settle down quiet enough," said one disposed to take a more hopeful view of the case.

"What a fool she must have been ever to have had anything to do with the man! She is so selfwilled and

independent too, that one is more minded to say it serves her right than pity her."

"No, no. I don't hold with 'ee there. She was no otherwise than a girl mind, and how could she tell what the

man was made of? If 'tis really true, 'tis too hard a punishment, and more than she ought to hae. Hullo,

"William Smallbury," said a dim figure in the shades, coming up and joining them. "Dark as a hedge,

tonight, isn't it? I all but missed the plank over the river ath'art there in the bottom never did such a thing

before in my life. Be ye any of Boldwood's workfolk?" He peered into their faces.

"Presently. But I say, William," Samway whispered, "have ye heard this strange tale?"

"What that about Sergeant Troy being seen, d'ye mean, souls?" said Smallbury, also lowering his voice.

"Yes, I have. Laban Tall named a hint of it to me but now but I don't think it. Hark, here Laban comes

"No," said Tall, joining the group. "And I'm inclined to think we'd better keep quiet. If so be 'tis not true,

'twill flurry her, and do her much harm to repeat it; and if so be 'tis true, 'twill do no good to forestall her time

o' trouble. God send that it mid be a lie, for though Henery Fray and some of 'em do speak against her, she's

never been anything but fair to me. She's hot and hasty, but she's a brave girl who'll never tell a lie however

"She never do tell women's little lies, that's true; and 'tis a thing that can be said of very few. Ay, all the harm

They stood silent then, every man busied with his own thoughts, during which interval sounds of merriment

could be heard within. Then the front door again opened, the rays streamed out, the wellknown form of

Boldwood was seen in the rectangular area of light, the door closed, and Boldwood walked slowly down the

"'Tis master," one of the men whispered, as he neared them. "We'd better stand quiet he'll go in again

Boldwood came on, and passed by the men without seeing them, they being under the bushes on the grass.

He paused, leant over the gate, and breathed a long breath. They heard low words come from him.

"I hope to God she'll come, or this night will be nothing but misery to me! Oh my darling, my darling, why

He said this to himself, and they all distinctly heard it. Boldwood remained silent after that, and the noise

from indoors was again just audible, until, a few minutes later, light wheels could be distinguished coming

down the hill. They drew nearer, and ceased at the gate. Boldwood hastened back to the door, and opened it;

Boldwood compressed his emotion to mere welcome: the men marked her light laugh and apology as she met

"Gracious heaven, I didn't know it was like that with him!" said one of the men. "I thought that fancy of his

"I wouldn't he should know we heard what 'a said for the world," remarked a third.

"I wish we had told of the report at once," the first uneasily continued. "More harm may come of this than we

know of. Poor Mr. Boldwood, it will be hard upon en. I wish Troy was in Well, God forgive me for

such a wish! A scoundrel to play a poor wife such tricks. Nothing has prospered in Weatherbury since he

came here. And now I've no heart to go in. Let's look into Warren's for a few minutes first, shall us,

Samway, Tall, and Smallbury agreed to go to Warren's, and went out at the gate, the remaining ones entering

the house. The three soon drew near the malthouse, approaching it from the adjoining orchard, and not by

way of the street. The pane of glass was illuminated as usual. Smallbury was a little in advance of the rest

when, pausing, he turned suddenly to his companions and said, "Hist! See there."

The light from the pane was now perceived to be shining not upon the ivied wall as usual, but upon some

"Let's come closer," whispered Samway; and they approached on tiptoe. There was no disbelieving the report

any longer. Troy's face was almost close to the pane, and he was looking in. Not only was he looking in, but

he appeared to have been arrested by a conversation which was in progress in the malthouse, the voices of

"The spree is all in her honour, isn't it hey?" said the old man. "Although he made believe 'tis only

"Oh 'tis true enough, faith. I cannot understand Farmer Boldwood being such a fool at his time of life as to ho

The men, after recognizing Troy's features, withdrew across the orchard as quietly as they had come. The air

was big with Bathsheba's fortunes tonight: every word everywhere concerned her. When they were quite out

"But it is! 'Tis a thing which is everybody's business," said Samway. "We know very well that master's on a

wrong tack, and that she's quite in the dark, and we should let 'em know at once. Laban, you know her best

"I bain't fit for any such thing," said Laban, nervously. "I should think William ought to do it if anybody. He's

"I shall have nothing to do with it," said Smallbury. "'Tis a ticklish business altogether. Why, he'll go on to

"Very well, if I must I must, I suppose," Tall reluctantly answered. "What must I say?"

Laban then went to the door. When he opened it the hum of bustle rolled out as a wave upon a still strand

the assemblage being immediately inside the hall and was deadened to a murmur as he closed it again.

Each man waited intently, and looked around at the dark tree tops gently rocking against the sky and

occasionally shivering in a slight wind, as if he took interest in the scene, which neither did. One of them

began walking up and down, and then came to where he started from and stopped again, with a sense that

"I should think Laban must have seen mistress by this time," said Smallbury, breaking the silence. "Perhaps

"I didn't like to ask for her after all," Laban faltered out. "They were all in such a stir, trying to put a little

spirit into the party. Somehow the fun seems to hang fire, though everything's there that a heart can desire,

and I couldn't for my soul interfere and throw damp upon it if 'twas to save my life, I couldn't!"

"I suppose we had better all go in together," said Samway, gloomily. "Perhaps I may have a chance of saying

So the men entered the hall, which was the room selected and arranged for the gathering because of its size.

The younger men and maids were at last just beginning to dance. Bathsheba had been perplexed how to act,

for she was not much more than a slim young maid herself, and the weight of stateliness sat heavy upon her.

Sometimes she thought she ought not to have come under any circumstances; then she considered what cold

unkindness that would have been, and finally resolved upon the middle course of staying for about an hour

only, and gliding off unobserved, having from the first made up her mind that she could on no account dance,

Her allotted hour having been passed in chatting and looking on, Bathsheba told Liddy not to hurry herself,

and went to the small parlour to prepare for departure, which, like the hall, was decorated with holly and ivy,

Nobody was in the room, but she had hardly been there a moment when the master of the house entered.

"If you'll excuse me, I should like to go now." Her manner was restive, for she remembered her promise, and

imagined what he was about to say. "But as it is not late," she added, "I can walk home, and leave my man

"I've been trying to get an opportunity of speaking to you," said Boldwood. "You know perhaps what I long

"Now, that's evasion! Why, the promise. I don't want to intrude upon you at all, or to let it become known to

anybody. But do give your word! A mere business compact, you know, between two people who are beyond

the influence of passion." Boldwood knew how false this picture was as regarded himself; but he had proved

that it was the only tone in which she would allow him to approach her. "A promise to marry me at the end of

"I feel that I do," said Bathsheba; "that is, if you demand it. But I am a changed woman an unhappy

"You are still a very beautiful woman," said Boldwood. Honesty and pure conviction suggested the remark,

unaccompanied by any perception that it might have been adopted by blunt flattery to soothe and win her.

However, it had not much effect now, for she said, in a passionless murmur which was in itself a proof of her

words: "I have no feeling in the matter at all. And I don't at all know what is right to do in my difficult

position, and I have nobody to advise me. But I give my promise, if I must. I give it as the rendering of a

Oh, I don't know, pray let me go!" she said, her bosom beginning to rise. "I am afraid what to do! want to be

just to you, and to be that seems to be wronging myself, and perhaps it is breaking the commandments. There

is considerable doubt of his death, and then it is dreadful; let me ask a solicitor, Mr. Boldwood, if I ought or

"Say the words, dear one, and the subject shall be dismissed; a blissful loving intimacy of six years, and then

marriage O Bathsheba, say them!" he begged in a husky voice, unable to sustain the forms of mere

friendship any longer. "Promise yourself to me; I deserve it, indeed I do, for I have loved you more than

anybody in the world! And if I said hasty words and showed uncalledfor heat of manner towards you,

believe me, dear, I did not mean to distress you; I was in agony, Bathsheba, and I did not know what I said.

You wouldn't let a dog suffer what I have suffered, could you but know it! Sometimes I shrink from your

knowing what I have felt for you, and sometimes I am distressed that all of it you never will know. Be

The trimmings of her dress, as they quivered against the light, showed how agitated she was, and at last she

burst out crying. 'And you'll not press me about anything more if I say in five or six years?" she

She waited a moment. "Very well. I'll marry you in six years from this day, if we both live," she said

Boldwood had come close to her side, and now he clasped one of her hands in both his own, and lifted it to

"What is it? Oh I cannot wear a ring!" she exclaimed, on seeing what he held; "besides, I wouldn't have a soul

know that it's an engagement! Perhaps it is improper? Besides, we are not engaged in the usual sense, are we?

Don't insist, Mr. Boldwood don't!" In her trouble at not being able to get her hand away from him at once,

she stamped passionately on the floor with one foot, and tears crowded to her eyes again.

"It means simply a pledge no sentiment the seal of a practical compact," he said more quietly, but still

retaining her hand in his firm grasp. "Come, now!" And Boldwood slipped the ring on her finger.

"I cannot wear it," she said, weeping as if her heart would break. "You frighten me, almost. So wild a

Bathsheba sat down in a chair, and buried her face in her handkerchief, though Boldwood kept her hand yet.

"Very well, then, I will tonight, if you wish it so earnestly. Now loosen my hand; I will, indeed I will wear it

"And it shall be the beginning of a pleasant secret courtship of six years, with a wedding at the end?"

"It must be, I suppose, since you will have it so!" she said, fairly beaten into nonresistance.

Boldwood pressed her hand, and allowed it to drop in her lap. "I am happy now," he said. "God bless you!"

He left the room, and when he thought she might be sufficiently composed sent one of the maids to her.

Bathsheba cloaked the effects of the late scene as she best could, followed the girl, and in a few moments

came downstairs with her hat and cloak on, ready to go. To get to the door it was necessary to pass through

the hall, and before doing so she paused on the bottom of the staircase which descended into one corner, to

There was no music or dancing in progress just now. At the lower end, which had been arranged for the

workfolk specially, a group conversed in whispers, and with clouded looks. Boldwood was standing by the

fireplace, and he, too, though so absorbed in visions arising from her promise that he scarcely saw anything,

seemed at that moment to have observed their peculiar manner, and their looks askance.

One of them turned and replied uneasily: "It was something Laban heard of, that's all, sir."

"News? Anybody married or engaged, born or dead?" inquired the farmer, gaily. "Tell it to us, Tall. One

would think from your looks and mysterious ways that it was something very dreadful indeed."

"What do you say, Samway?" asked Boldwood, somewhat sharply. "If you have anything to say, speak out; if

"Mrs. Troy has come downstairs," said Samway to Tall. "If you want to tell her, you had better do it now."

There was a smart rapping at the door. One of the men opened it instantly, and went outside.

The message was given, and Troy, wrapped up to his eyes as we have seen him, stood in the doorway.

There was an unearthly silence, all looking towards the newcomer. Those who had just learnt that he was in

the neighbourhood recognized him instantly; those who did not were perplexed. Nobody noted Bathsheba.

She was leaning on the stairs. Her brow had heavily contracted; her whole face was pallid, her lips apart, her

Boldwood was among those who did not notice that he was Troy. "Come in, come in!" he repeated,

Troy next advanced into the middle of the room, took off his cap, turned down his coatcollar, and looked

Boldwood in the face. Even then Boldwood did not recognize that the impersonator of Heaven's persistent

irony towards him, who had once before broken in upon his bliss, scourged him, and snatched his delight

away, had come to do these things a second time. Troy began to laugh a mechanical laugh: Boldwood

Troy turned to Bathsheba. The poor girl's wretchedness at this time was beyond all fancy or narration. She

had sunk down on the lowest stair; and there she sat, her mouth blue and dry, and her dark eyes fixed

vacantly upon him, as if she wondered whether it were not all a terrible illusion.

A strange voice came from the fireplace a voice sounding far off and confined, as if from a dungeon.

Hardly a soul in the assembly recognized the thin tones to be those of Boldwood. Sudden dispaire had

Nevertheless, she did not move. The truth was that Bathsheba was beyond the pale of activity and yet not

in a swoon. She was in a state of mental GUTTA SERENA; her mind was for the minute totally deprived of

Troy stretched out his hand to pull her her towards him, when she quickly shrank back. This visible dread of

him seemed to irritate Troy, and he seized her arm and pulled it sharply. Whether his grasp pinched her, or

whether his mere touch was the 'cause, was never known, but at the moment of his seizure she writhed, and

The scream had been heard but a few seconds when it was followed by sudden deafening report that echoed

through the room and stupefied them all. The oak partition shook with the concussion, and the place was

In bewilderment they turned their eyes to Boldwood. At his back, as stood before the fireplace, was a

gunrack, as is usual in farmhouses, constructed to hold two guns. When Bathsheba had cried out in her

husband's grasp, Boldwood's face of gnashing despair had changed. The veins had swollen, and a frenzied

look had gleamed in his eye. He had turned quickly, taken one of the guns, cocked it, and at once discharged

Troy fell. The distance apart of the two men was so small that the charge of shot did not spread in the least,

but passed like a bullet into his body. He uttered a long guttural sigh there was a contraction an

Boldwood was seen through the smoke to be now again engaged with the gun. It was doublebarrelled, and

he had, meanwhile, in some way fastened his handkerchief to the trigger, and with his foot on the other end

was in the act of turning the second barrel upon himself. Samway his man was the first to see this, and in the

midst of the general horror darted up to him. Boldwood had already twitched the handkerchief, and the gun

exploded a second time, sending its contents, by a timely blow from Samway, into the beam which crossed

"Well, it makes no difference!" Boldwood gasped. "There is another way for me to die."

Then he broke from Samway, crossed the room to Bathsheba, and kissed her hand. He put on his hat, opened

BOLDWOOD passed into the high road and turned in the direction of Casterbridge. Here he walked at an

even, steady pace over Yalbury Hill, along the dead level beyond, mounted Mellstock Hill, and between

eleven and twelve o'clock crossed the Moor into the town. The streets were nearly deserted now, and the

waving lampflames only lighted up rows of grey shopshutters, and strips of white paving upon which his

step echoed as his passed along. He turned to the right, and halted before an archway of heavy stonework,

which was closed by an iron studded pair of doors. This was the entrance to the gaol, and over it a lamp was

The small wicket at last opened, and a porter appeared. Boldwood stepped forward, and said something in a

low tone, when, after a delay, another man came. Boldwood entered, and the door was closed behind him,

Long before this time Weatherbury had been thoroughly aroused, and the wild deed which had terminated

Boldwood's merrymaking became known to all. Of those out of the house Oak was one of the first to hear of

the catastrophe, and when he entered the room, which was about five minutes after Boldwood's exit, the

scene was terrible. All the female guests were huddled aghast against the walls like sheep in a storm, and the

men were bewildered as to what to do. As for Bathsheba, she had changed. She was sitting on the floor beside

the body of Troy, his head pillowed in her lap, where she had herself lifted it. With one hand she held her

handkerchief to his breast and covered the wound, though scarcely a single drop of blood had flowed, and

with the other she tightly clasped one of his. The household convulsion had made her herself again. The

temporary coma had ceased, and activity had come with the necessity for it. Deeds of endurance, which seem

ordinary in philosophy, are rare in conduct, and Bathsheba was astonishing all around her now, for her

philosophy was her conduct, and she seldom thought practicable what she did not practise. She was of the

stuff of which great men's mothers are made. She was indispensable to high generation, hated at tea parties,

feared in shops, and loved at crises. Troy recumbent in his wife's lap formed now the sole spectacle in the

"Gabriel," she said, automatically, when he entered, turning up a face of which only the wellknown lines

remained to tell him it was hers, all else in the picture having faded quite. "Ride to Casterbridge instantly for

a surgeon. It is, I believe, useless, but go. Mr. Boldwood has shot my husband."

Her statement of the fact in such quiet and simple words came with more force than a tragic declamation, and

had somewhat the effect of setting the distorted images in each mind present into proper focus. Oak, almost

before he had comprehended anything beyond the briefest abstract of the event, hurried out of the room,

saddled a horse and rode away. Not till he had ridden more than a mile did it occur to him that he would have

done better by sending some other man on this errand, remaining himself in the house. What had become of

Boldwood? He should have been looked after. Was he mad had there been a quarrel? Then how had Troy

got there? Where had he come from? How did this remarkable reappearance effect itself when he was

supposed by many to be at the bottom of the sea? Oak had in some slight measure been prepared for the

presence of Troy by hearing a rumour of his return just before entering Boldwood's house; but before he had

weighed that information, this fatal event had been superimposed. However, it was too late now to think of

sending another messenger, and he rode on, in the excitement of these selfinquiries not discerning, when

about three miles from Casterbridge, a squarefigured pedestrian passing along under the dark hedge in the

The miles necessary to be traversed, and other hindrances incidental to the lateness of the hour and the

darkness of the night, delayed the arrival of Mr. Aldritch, the surgeon; and more than three hours passed

between the time at which the shot was fired and that of his entering the house. Oak was additionally detained

in Casterbridge through having to give notice to the authorities of what had happened; and he then found that

In the meantime the surgeon, having hastened into the hall at Boldwood's, found it in darkness and quite

deserted. He went on to the back of the house, where he discovered in the kitchen an old man, of whom he

This was astonishing information. "She had no right to do that," said the doctor. "There will have to be an

"Yes, sir; it was hinted to her that she had better wait till the law was known. But she said law was nothing to

her, and she wouldn't let her dear husband's corpse bide neglected for folks to stare at for all the crowners in

Mr. Aldritch drove at once back again up the hill to Bathsheba's. The first person he met was poor Liddy,

who seemed literally to have dwindled smaller in these few latter hours. "What has been done?" he said.

"I don't know, sir," said Liddy, with suspended breath. "My mistress has done it all."

"Upstairs with him, sir. When he was brought home and taken upstairs, she said she wanted no further help

from the men. And then she called me, and made me fill the bath, and after that told me I had better go and lie

down because I looked so ill. Then she locked herself into the room alone with him, and would not let a nurse

come in, or anybody at all. But I thought I'd wait in the next room in case she should want me. I heard her

moving about inside for more than an hour, but she only came out once, and that was for more candles,

because hers had burnt down into the socket. She said we were to let her know when you or Mr. Thirdly

Oak entered with the parson at this moment, and they all went upstairs together, preceded by Liddy

Smallbury. Everything was silent as the grave when they paused on the landing. Liddy knocked, and

Bathsheba's dress was heard rustling across the room: the key turned in the lock, and she opened the door.

Her looks were calm and nearly rigid, like a slightly animated bust of Melpomene.

"Oh, Mr. Aldritch, you have come at last," she murmured from her lips merely, and threw back the door. "Ah,

and Mr. Thirdly. Well, all is done, and anybody in the world may see him now." She then passed by him,

Looking into the chamber of death she had vacated they saw by the light of the candles which were on the

drawers a tall straight shape lying at the further end of the bedroom, wrapped in white. Everything around

was quite orderly. The doctor went in, and after a few minutes returned to the landing again, where Oak and

"It is all done, indeed, as she says," remarked Mr. Aldritch, in a subdued voice. "The body has been

undressed and properly laid out in grave clothes. Gracious Heaven this mere girl! She must have the nerve

"The heart of a wife merely," floated in a whisper about the ears of the three, and turning they saw Bathsheba

in the midst of them. Then, as if at that instant to prove that her fortitude had been more of will than of

spontaneity, she silently sank down between them and was a shapeless heap of drapery on the floor. The

simple consciousness that superhuman strain was no longer required had at once put a period to her power to

They took her away into a further room, and the medical attendance which had been useless in Troy's case

was invaluable in Bathsheba's, who fell into a series of faintingfits that had a serious aspect for a time. The

sufferer was got to bed, and Oak, finding from the bulletins that nothing really dreadful was to be

apprehended on her score, left the house. Liddy kept watch in Bathsheba's chamber, where she heard her

mistress, moaning in whispers through the dull slow hours of that wretched night: "Oh it is my fault how

WE pass rapidly on into the month of March, to a breezy day without sunshine, frost, or dew. On Yalbury

Hill, about midway between Weatherbury and Casterbridge, where the turnpike road passes over the crest, a

numerous concourse of people had gathered, the eyes of the greater number being frequently stretched afar in

a northerly direction. The groups consisted of a throng of idlers, a party of javelin men, and two trumpeters,

and in the midst were carriages, one of which contained the high sheriff. With the idlers, many of whom had

mounted to the top of a cutting formed for the road, were several Weatherbury men and boys among

At the end of halfanhour a faint dust was seen in the expected quarter, and shortly after a

travellingcarriage, bringing one of the two judges on the Western Circuit, came up the hill and halted on the

top. The judge changed carriages whilst a flourish was blown by the bigcheeked trumpeters, and a

procession being formed of the vehicles and javelinmen, they all proceeded towards the town, excepting the

Weatherbury men, who as soon as they had seen the judge move off returned home again to their work.

"Joseph, I seed you squeezing close to the carriage," said Coggan, as they walked. "Did ye notice my lord

"I did," said Poorgrass. "I looked hard at en, as if I would read his very soul; and there was mercy in his eyes

or to speak with the exact truth required of us at this solemn time, in the eye that was towards me."

"Well, I hope for the best," said Coggan, "though bad that must be. However, I shan't go to the trial, and I'd

advise the rest of ye that bain't wanted to bide away. 'Twill disturb his mind more than anything to see us

"The very thing I said this morning," observed Joseph, "'Justice is come to weigh him in the balances,' I said

in my reflectious way, 'and if he's found wanting, so be it unto him,' and a bystander said 'Hear, hear! A man

who can talk like that ought to be heard.' But I don't like dwelling upon it, for my few words are my few

words, and not much; though the speech of some men is rumoured abroad as though by nature formed for

The resolution was adhered to; and all waited anxiously for the news next day. Their suspense was diverted,

however, by a discovery which was made in the afternoon, throwing more light on Boldwood's conduct and

That he had been from the time of Greenhill Fair until the fatal Christmas Eve in excited and unusual moods

was known to those who had been intimate with him; but nobody imagined that there had shown in him

unequivocal symptoms of the mental derangement which Bathsheba and Oak, alone of all others and at

different times, had momentarily suspected. In a locked closet was now discovered an extraordinary

collection of articles. There were several sets of ladies' dresses in the piece, of sundry expensive materials;

silks and satins, poplins and velvets, all of colours which from Bathsheba's style of dress might have been

judged to be her favourites. There were two muffs, sable and ermine. Above all there was a case of jewellery,

containing four heavy gold bracelets and several lockets and rings, all of fine quality and manufacture. These

things had been bought in Bath and other towns from time to time, and brought home by stealth. They were

all carefully packed in paper, and each package was labelled "Bathsheba Boldwood," a date being subjoined

These somewhat pathetic evidences of a mind crazed with care and love were the subject of discourse in

Warren's malt house when Oak entered from Casterbridge with tidings of sentence. He came in the

afternoon, and his face, as the kiln glow shone upon it, told the tale sufficiently well. Boldwood, as every one

The conviction that Boldwood had not been morally responsible for his later acts now became general. Facts

elicited previous to the trial had pointed strongly in the same direction, but they had not been of sufficient

weight to lead to an order for an examination into the state of Boldwood's mind. It was astonishing, now that

a presumption of insanity was raised, how many collateral circumstances were remembered to which a

condition of mental disease seemed to afford the only explanation among others, the unprecedented

A petition was addressed to the Home Secretary, advancing the circumstances which appeared to justify a

request for a reconsideration of the sentence. It was not "numerously signed" by the inhabitants of

Casterbridge, as is usual in such cases, for Boldwood had never made many friends over the counter. The

shops thought it very natural that a man who, by importing direct from the producer, had daringly set aside

the first great principle of provincial existence, namely that God made country villages to supply customers to

county towns, should have confused ideas about the Decalogue. The prompters were a few merciful men who

had perhaps too feelingly considered the facts latterly unearthed, and the result was that evidence was taken

which it was hoped might remove the crime in a moral point of view, out of the category of wilful murder,

The upshot of the petition was waited for in Weatherbury with solicitous interest. The execution had been

fixed for eight o'clock on a Saturday morning about a fortnight after the sentence was passed, and up to

Friday afternoon no answer had been received. At that time Gabriel came from Casterbridge Gaol, whither he

had been to wish Boldwood goodbye, and turned down a bystreet to avoid the town. When past the last

house he heard a hammering, and lifting his bowed head he looked back for a moment. Over the chimneys he

could see the upper part of the gaol entrance, rich and glowing in the afternoon sun, and some moving figures

were there. They were carpenters lifting a post into a vertical position within the parapet. He withdrew his

"No tidings," Gabriel said, wearily. "And I'm afraid there's no hope. I've been with him more than two hours."

"I can't honestly say that I do," Oak replied. "However, that we can talk of another time. Has there been any

"No. And getting on so nicely as she was too. She's but very little better now again than she was at Christmas.

She keeps on asking if you be come, and if there's news, till one's wearied out wi' answering her. Shall I go

"No," said Oak. "There's a chance yet; but I couldn't stay in town any longer after seeing him too. So

"What I've arranged is, that you shall ride to town the last thing tonight; leave here about nine, and wait a

while there, getting home about twelve. If nothing has been received by eleven tonight, they say there's no

"I do so hope his life will be spared," said Liddy. "If it is not, she'll go out of her mind too. Poor thing; her

"If you haven't seen poor mistress since Christmas, you wouldn't know her," said Liddy. "Her eyes are so

miserable that she's not the same woman. Only two years ago she was a romping girl, and now she's this!"

Laban departed as directed, and at eleven o'clock that night several of the villagers strolled along the road to

Casterbridge and awaited his arrival among them Oak, and nearly all the rest of Bathsheba's men.

Gabriel's anxiety was great that Boldwood might be saved, even though in his conscience he felt that he

ought to die; for there had been qualities in the farmer which Oak loved. At last, when they all were weary

"We shall soon know now, one way or other." said Coggan, and they all stepped down from the bank on

which they had been standing into the road, and the rider pranced into the midst of them.

"Yes 'tis come. He's not to die. 'Tis confinement during her Majesty's pleasure."

BATHSHEBA revived with the spring. The utter prostration that had followed the low fever from which she

had suffered diminished perceptibly when all uncertainty upon every subject had come to an end.

But she remained alone now for the greater part of her time, and stayed in the house, or at furthest went into

the garden. She shunned every one, even Liddy, and could be brought to make no confidences, and to ask for

As the summer drew on she passed more of her time in the open air, and began to examine into farming

matters from sheer necessity, though she never rode out or personally superintended as at former times. One

Friday evening in August she walked a little way along the road and entered the village for the first time since

the sombre event of the preceding Christmas. None of the old colour had as yet come to her cheek, and its

absolute paleness was heightened by the jet black of her gown, till it appeared preternatural. When she

reached a little shop at the other end of the place, which stood nearly opposite to the churchyard, Bathsheba

heard singing inside the church, and she knew that the singers were practising. She crossed the road, opened

the gate, and entered the graveyard, the high sills of the church windows effectually screening her from the

eyes of those gathered within. Her stealthy walk was to the nook wherein Troy had worked at planting

A motion of satisfaction enlivened her face as she read the complete inscription. First came the words of Troy

Whilst she stood and read and meditated the tones of the organ began again in the church, and she went with

the same light step round to the porch and listened. The door was closed, and the choir was learning a new

hymn. Bathsheba was stirred by emotions which latterly she had assumed to be altogether dead within her.

The little attenuated voices of the children brought to her ear in destinct utterance the words they sang

Bathsheba's feeling was always to some extent dependent upon her whim, as is the case with many other

women. Something big came into her throat and an uprising to her eyes and she thought that she would

allow the imminent tears to flow if they wished. They did flow and plenteously, and one fell upon the stone

bench beside her. Once that she had begun to cry for she hardly knew what, she could not leave off for

crowding thoughts she knew too well. She would have given anything in the world to be, as those children

were, unconcerned at the meaning of their words, because too innocent to feel the necessity for any such

expression. All the impassioned scenes of her brief expenence seemed to revive with added emotion at that

moment, and those scenes which had been without emotion during enactment had emotion then. Yet grief

Owing to Bathsheba's face being buried in her hands she did not notice a form which came quietly into the

porch, and on seeing her, first moved as if to retreat, then paused and regarded her. Bathsheba did not raise

her head for some time, and when she looked round her face was wet, and her eyes drowned and dim. "Mr.

"Are you going in?" said Bathsheba; and there came from within the church as from a prompter

"I was," said Gabriel. "I am one of the bass singers, you know. I have sung bass for several months.

Then they stood in a state of some embarrassment Bathsheba trying to wipe her dreadfully drenched and

inflamed face without his noticing her. At length Oak said, I've not seen you I mean spoken to you

since ever so long, have I?" But he feared to bring distressing memories back, and interrupted himself with:

"No," she said. I came to see the tombstone privately to see if they had cut the inscription as I wished. Mr.

Oak, you needn't mind speaking to me, if you wish to, on the matter which is in both our minds at this

So together they went and read the tomb. "Eight months ago!" Gabriel murmured when he saw the date. "It

"And to me as if it were years ago long years, and I had been dead between. And now I am going home,

Oak walked after her. "I wanted to name a small matter to you as soon as I could," he said, with hesitation.

"Merrily about business, and I think I may just mention it now, if you'll allow me."

It is that I may soon have to give up the management of your farm, Mrs. Troy. The fact is, I am thinking of

"Leaving England!" she said, in surprise and genuine disappointment. "Why, Gabriel, what are you going to

"Well, I've thought it best," Oak stammered out. "California is the spot I've had in my mind to try."

"But it is understood everywhere that you are going to take poor Mr. Boldwood's farm on your own account."

"I've had the refusal o' it 'tis true; but nothing is settled yet, and I have reasons for giving up. I shall finish out

"And what shall I do without you? Oh, Gabriel, I don't think you ought to go away. You've been with me so

long through bright times and dark times such old friends that as we are that it seems unkind

almost. I had fancied that if you leased the other farm as master, you might still give a helping look across at

"Yes, that's the ill fortune o' it," said Gabriel, in a distressed tone. "And it is because of that very helplessness

that I feel bound to go. Good afternoon, ma'am" he concluded, in evident anxiety to get away, and at once

Bathsheba went home, her mind occupied with a new trouble, which being rather harassing than deadly was

calculated to do good by diverting her from the chronic gloom of her life. She was set thinking a great deal

about Oak and of his wish to shun her; and there occurred to Bathsheba several incidents of her latter

intercourse with him, which, trivial when singly viewed amounted together to a perceptible disinclination for

her society. It broke upon her at length as a great pain that her last old disciple was about to forsake her and

flee. He who had believed in her and argued on her side when all the rest of the world was against her, had at

last like the others become weary and neglectful of the old cause, and was leaving her to fight her battles

Three weeks went on, and more evidence of his want of interest in her was forthcoming. She noticed that

instead of entering the small parlour or office where the farm accounts were kept, and waiting, or leaving a

memorandum as he had hitherto done during her seclusion, Oak never came at all when she was likely to be

there, only entering at unseasonable hours when her presence in that part of the house was least to be

expected. Whenever he wanted directions he sent a message, or note with neither heading nor signature, to

which she was obliged to reply in the same offhand style. Poor Bathsheba began to suffer now from the most

The autumn wore away gloomily enough amid these melancholy conjectures, and Christmasday came,

completing a year of her legal widowhood, and two years and a quarter of her life alone. On examining her

heart it appeared beyond measure strange that the subject of which the season might have been supposed

suggestive the event in the hall at Boldwood's was not agitating her at all; but instead, an agonizing

conviction that everybody abjured her for what she could not tell and that Oak was the ringleader of

the recusants. Coming out of church that day she looked round in hope that Oak, whose bass voice she had

heard rolling out from the gallery overhead in a most unconcerned manner, might chance to linger in her path

in the old way. There he was, as usual, coming down the path behind her. But on seeing Bathsheba turn, he

looked aside, and as soon as he got beyond the gate, and there was the barest excuse for a divergence, he

The next morning brought the culminating stroke; she had been expecting it long. It was a formal notice by

letter from him that he should not renew his engagement with her for the following Ladyday.

Bathsheba actually sat and cried over this letter most bitterly. She was aggrieved and wounded that the

possession of hopeless love from Gabriel, which she had grown to regard as her inalienable right for life,

should have been withdrawn just at his own pleasure in this way. She was bewildered too by the prospect of

having to rely on her own resources again: it seemed to herself that she never could again acquire energy

sufficient to go to market, barter, and sell. Since Troy's death Oak had attended all sales and fairs for her,

transacting her business at the same time with his own. What should she do now? Her life was becoming a

So desolate was Bathsheba this evening, that in an absolute hunger for pity and sympathy, and miserable in

that she appeared to have outlived the only true friendship she had ever owned, she put on her bonnet and

cloak and went down to Oak's house just after sunset, guided on her way by the pale primrose rays of a

A lively firelight shone from the window, but nobody was visible in the room. She tapped nervously, and

then thought it doubtful if it were right for a single woman to call upon a bachelor who lived alone, although

he was her manager, and she might be supposed to call on business without any real impropriety. Gabriel

"Yes; I am Mr. Oak," said Gabriel. "Who have I the honour O how stupid of me, not to know you,

"I shall not be your mistress much longer, shall I Gabriel?" she said, in pathetic tones.

"Well, no. I suppose But come in, ma'am. Oh and I'll get a light," Oak replied, with some

"It is so seldom that I get a lady visitor that I'm afraid I haven't proper accommodation. Will you sit down,

please? Here's a chair, and there's one, too. I am sorry that my chairs all have wood seats, and are rather hard,

So down she sat, and down sat he, the fire dancing in their faces, and upon the old furniture,

that formed Oak's array of household possessions, which sent back a dancing reflection in reply. It was very

odd to these two persons, who knew each other passing well, that the mere circumstance of their meeting in a

new place and in a new way should make them so awkward and constrained. In the fields, or at her house,

there had never been any embarrassment; but now that Oak had become the entertainer their lives seemed to

"But I thought Gabriel, I have been uneasy in the belief that I have offended you, and that you are going

"I am not going to emigrate, you know; I wasn't aware that you would wish me not to when I told 'ee or I

shouldn't ha' thought of doing it," he said, simply. "I have arranged for Little Weatherbury Farm and shall

have it in my own hands at Ladyday. You know I've had a share in it for some time. Still, that wouldn't

prevent my attending to your business as before, hadn't it been that things have been said about us."

"What?" said Bathsheba, in surprise. "Things said about you and me! What are they?"

"It would be wiser if you were to, I think. You have played the part of mentor to me many times, and I don't

"It is nothing that you have done, this time. The top and tail o't is this that I am sniffing about here, and

"Marrying of 'ee, in plain British. You asked me to tell, so you mustn't blame me."

Bathsheba did not look quite so alarmed as if a cannon had been discharged by her ear, which was what Oak

had expected. "Marrying me! I didn't know it was that you meant," she said, quietly. "Such a thing as that is

"Yes; of course, it is too absurd. I don't desire any such thing; I should think that was plain enough by this

time. Surely, surely you be the last person in the world I think of marrying. It is too absurd, as you say.

"I must beg your pardon for correcting you, but you said, 'too absurd,' and so do I."

"I beg your pardon too!" she returned, with tears in her eyes. "'Too soon' was what I said. But it doesn't

matter a bit not at all but I only meant, 'too soon.' Indeed, I didn't, Mr. Oak, and you must believe me!"

Gabriel looked her long in the face, but the firelight being faint there was not much to be seen. "Bathsheba,"

he said, tenderly and in surprise, and coming closer: "if I only knew one thing whether you would allow

"You ought not to have sent me that harsh letter this morning," she interrupted. "It shows you didn't care a bit

about me, and were ready to desert me like all the rest of them! It was very cruel of you, considering I was

the first sweetheart that you ever had, and you were the first I ever had; and I shall not forget it!"

"Now, Bathsheba, was ever anybody so provoking he said, laughing." You know it was purely that I, as an

unmarried man, carrying on a business for you as a very taking young woman, had a proper hard part to play

more particular that people knew I had a sort of feeling for 'ee; and I fancied, from the way we were

mentioned together, that it might injure your good name. Nobody knows the heat and fret I have been caused

"Oh, how glad I am I came!" she exclaimed, thankfully, as she rose from her seat. "I have thought so much

more of you since I fancied you did not want even to see me again. But I must be going now, or I shall be

missed. Why Gabriel," she said, with a slight laugh, as they went to the door, "it seems exactly as if I had

"And quite right too," said Oak. "I've danced at your skittish heels, my beautiful Bathsheba, for many a long

He accompanied her up the hill, explaining to her the details of his forthcoming tenure of the other farm.

They spoke very little of their mutual feeling; pretty phrases and warm expressions being probably

unnecessary between such tried friends. Theirs was that substantial affection which arises (if any arises at all)

when the two who are thrown together begin first by knowing the rougher sides of each other's character, and

not the best till further on, the romance growing up in the interstices of a mass of hard prosaic reality. This

goodfellowship CAMARADERIE usually occurring through similarity of pursuits, is unfortunately

seldom superadded to love between the sexes, because men and women associate, not in their labours, but in

their pleasures merely. Where, however, happy circumstance permits its development, the compounded

feeling proves itself to be the only love which is strong as death that love which many waters cannot

quench, nor the floods drown, beside which the passion usually called by the name is evanescent as steam.

Those had been Bathsheba's words to Oak one evening, some time after the event of the preceding chapter,

and he meditated a full hour by the clock upon how to carry out her wishes to the letter.

"A licence O yes, it must be a licence," he said to himself at last. "Very well, then; first, a license."

On a dark night, a few days later, Oak came with mysterious steps from the surrogate's door, in Casterbridge.

On the way home he heard a heavy tread in front of him, and, overtaking the man, found him to be Coggan.

They walked together into the village until they came to a little lane behind the church, leading down to the

cottage of Laban Tall, who had lately been installed as clerk of the parish, and was yet in mortal terror at

church on Sundays when he heard his lone voice among certain hard words of the Psalms, whither no man

"Oh!" said Coggan, surprised; "what's going on tonight then, make so bold Mr. Oak?"

It seemed rather ungenerous not to tell Coggan, under the circumstances, for Coggan had been true as steel all

through the time of Gabriel's unhappiness about Bathsheba, and Gabriel said, "You can keep a secret,

"Yes, I have, and I do know. Well, then, mistress and I mean to get married tomorrow morning."

"Heaven's high tower! And yet I've thought of such a thing from time to time; true, I have. But keeping it so

"Thank you, Coggan. But I assure 'ee that this great hush is not what I wished for at all, or what either of us

would have wished if it hadn't been for certain things that would make a gay wedding seem hardly the thing.

Bathsheba has a great wish that all the parish shall not be in church, looking at her she's shylike and

"Ay, I see: quite right, too, I suppose I must say. And you be now going down to the clerk."

"I am afeard your labour in keeping it close will be throwed away," said Coggan, as they walked along. "Labe

"So she will, upon my life; I never thought of that," said Oak, pausing. "Yet I must tell him tonight, I

"I'll tell 'ee how we could tackle her," said Coggan. "I'll knock and ask to speak to Laban outside the door,

you standing in the background. Then he'll come out, and you can tell yer tale. She'll never guess what I want

This scheme was considered feasible; and Coggan advanced boldly, and rapped at Mrs. Tall's door. Mrs. Tall

"He's not at home, and won't be this side of eleven o'clock. He've been forced to go over to Yalbury since

"I hardly think you will. Stop a moment;" and Coggan stepped round the corner of the porch to consult Oak.

"Say he's wanted to meet mistress near churchhatch to morrow morning at ten," said Oak, in a whisper.

So Coggan delivered the message. "Mind, het or wet, blow or snow, he must come," added Jan. "'Tis very

particular, indeed. The fact is, 'tis to witness her sign some lawwork about taking shares wi' another farmer

for a long span o' years. There, that's what 'tis, and now I've told 'ee, Mother Tall, in a way I shouldn't ha'

Coggan retired before she could ask any further; and next they called at the vicar's in a manner which excited

"Liddy," said Bathsheba, on going to bed that night, "I want you to call me at seven o'clock tomorrow, In

"Yes, but I have something important to do, which I'll tell you of when the time comes, and it's best to make

Bathsheba, however, awoke voluntarily at four, nor could she by any contrivance get to sleep again. About

six, being quite positive that her watch had stopped during the night, she could wait no longer. She went and

"But I thought it was I who had to call you?" said the bewildered Liddy. "And it isn't six yet."

Indeed it is; how can you tell such a story, Liddy? I know it must be ever so much past seven. Come to my

When Liddy came to Bathsheba's room her mistress was already waiting. Liddy could not understand this

"Well, I'll tell you," said Bathsheba, with a mischievous smile in her bright eyes. "Farmer Oak is coming here

"But is it safe, ma'am, after what's been said?" asked her companion, dubiously. "A woman's good name is

Bathsheba laughed with a flushed cheek, and whispered in Liddy's ear, although there was nobody present.

Then Liddy stared and exclaimed, "Souls alive, what news! It makes my heart go quite bumpitybump"

"It makes mine rather furious, too," said Bathsheba. "However, there's no getting out of it now!"

It was a damp disagreeable morning. Nevertheless, at twenty minutes to ten o'clock, Oak came out of his

and knocked Bathsheba's door. Ten minutes later a large and a smaller umbrella might have been seen

moving from the same door, and through the mist along the road to the church. The distance was not more

than a quarter of a mile, and these two sensible persons deemed it unnecessary to drive. An observer must

have been very close indeed to discover that the forms under the umbrellas were those of Oak and Bathsheba,

arminarm for the first time in their lives, Oak in a greatcoat extending to his knees, and Bathsheba in a

cloak that reached her clogs. Yet, though so plainly dressed there was a certain rejuvenated appearance about

Repose had again incarnadined her cheeks; and having, at Gabriel's request, arranged her hair this morning as

she had worn it years ago on Norcombe Hill, she seemed in his eyes remarkably like a girl of that fascinating

dream, which, considering that she was now only three or fourandtwenty, was perhaps not very wonderful.

In the church were Tall, Liddy, and the parson, and in a remarkably short space of time the deed was done.

The two sat down very quietly to tea in Bathsheba's parlour in the evening of the same day, for it had been

arranged that Farmer Oak should go there to live, since he had as yet neither money, house, nor furniture

worthy of the name, though he was on a sure way towards them, whilst Bathsheba was, comparatively, in a

Just as Bathsheba was pouring out a cup of tea, their ears were greeted by the firing of a cannon, followed by

"There!" said Oak, laughing, "I knew those fellows were up to something, by the look on their faces"

Oak took up the light and went into the porch, followed by Bathsheba with a shawl over her head. The rays

fell upon a group of male figures gathered upon the gravel in front, who, when they saw the newlymarried

couple in the porch, set up a loud "Hurrah!" and at the same moment bang again went the cannon in the

background, followed by a hideous clang of music from a drum, tambourine, clarionet, serpent, hautboy,

tenorviol, and doublebass the only remaining relics of the true and original Weatherbury band

venerable wormeaten instruments, which had celebrated in their own persons the victories of Marlhorough,

under the fingers of the forefathers of those who played them now. The performers came forward, and

"Those bright boys, Mark Clark and Jan, are at the bottom of all this," said Oak. "Come in, souls, and have

"Not tonight," said Mr. Clark, with evident selfdenial. "Thank ye all the same; but we'll call at a more

seemly time. However, we couldn't think of letting the day pass without a note of admiration of some sort. If

ye could send a drop of som'at down to Warren's, why so it is. Here's long life and happiness to neighbour

"Thank ye; thank ye all," said Gabriel. "A bit and a drop shall be sent to Warren's for ye at once. I had a

thought that we might very likely get a salute of some sort from our old friends, and I was saying so to my

"Faith," said Coggan, in a critical tone, turning to his companions, "the man hev learnt to say 'my wife' in a

wonderful naterel way, considering how very youthful he is in wedlock as yet hey, neighbours all?"

"I never heerd a skilful old married feller of twenty years' standing pipe 'my wife' in a more used note than 'a

did," said Jacob Smallbury. "It might have been a little more true to nater if't had been spoke a little chillier,

Then Oak laughed, and Bathsheba smiled (for she never laughed readily now), and their friends turned to go.

"Yes; I suppose that's the size o't," said Joseph Poorgrass with a cheerful sigh as they moved away; "and I

wish him joy o' her; though I were once or twice upon saying today with holy Hosea, in my scripture

manner, which is my second nature. 'Ephraim is joined to idols: let him alone.' But since 'tis as 'tis why, it