Title: Ghosts: A Domestic Tragedy in Three Acts
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Author: Henrik Ibsen
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Ghosts: A Domestic Tragedy in Three Acts
Henrik Ibsen
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Table of Contents
Ghosts: A Domestic Tragedy in Three Acts.....................................................................................................1
Ghosts: A Domestic Tragedy in Three Acts
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Ghosts: A Domestic Tragedy in Three Acts
Henrik Ibsen
Translated by R. Farquharson Sharp
Act I
Act II
Act III
DRAMATIS PERSONAE
Mrs. Alving (a widow).
Oswald Alving (her son, an artist).
Manders (the Pastor of the parish).
Engstrand (a carpenter).
Regina Engstrand (his daughter, in Mrs Alving's service).
(The action takes place at Mrs Alving's house on one of the larger fjords of Western Norway.)
ACT I
(SCENE.A large room looking upon a garden door in the lefthand wall, and two in the right. In the
middle of the room, a round table with chairs set about it, and books, magazines and newspapers upon it. In
the foreground on the left, a window, by which is a small sofa with a worktable in front of it. At the back the
room opens into a conservatory rather smaller than the room. From the righthand side of this, a door leads
to the garden. Through the large panes of glass that form the outer wall of the conservatory, a gloomy fjord
landscape can be discerned, halfobscured by steady rain.
ENGSTRAND is standing close to the garden door. His left leg is slightly deformed, and he wears a boot
with a clump of wood under the sole. REGINA, with an empty gardensyringe in her hand, is trying to
prevent his coming in.)
Regina(below her breath). What is it you want? Stay where you are. The rain is dripping off you,
Engstrand. God's good rain, my girl.
Regina. The Devil's own rain, that's what it is!
Engstrand. Lord, how you talk, Regina. (Takes a few limping steps forward.) What I wanted to tell you was
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this
Regina. Don't clump about like that, stupid! The young master is lying asleep upstairs.
Engstrand. Asleep still? In the middle of the day?
Regina. Well, it's no business of yours.
Engstrand. I was out on a spree last night
Regina. I don't doubt it.
Engstrand. Yes, we are poor weak mortals, my girl
Regina. We are indeed.
Engstrand. and the temptations of the world are manifold, you knowbut, for all that, here I was at my
work at halfpast five this morning.
Regina. Yes, yes, but make yourself scarce now. I am not going to stand here as if I had a rendezvous with
you.
Engstrand. As if you had a what?
Regina. I am not going to have anyone find you here; so now you know, and you can go.
Engstrand(coming a few steps nearer). Not a bit of it! Not before we have had a little chat. This afternoon I
shall have finished my job down at the school house, and I shall be off home to town by tonight's boat.
Regina(mutters). Pleasant journey to you!
Engstrand. Thanks, my girl. Tomorrow is the opening of the Orphanage, and I expect there will be a fine
kickup here and plenty of good strong drink, don't you know. And no one shall say of Jacob Engstrand that
be can't hold off when temptation comes in his way.
Regina. Oho!
Engstrand. Yes, because there will be a lot of fine folk here tomorrow. Parson Manders is expected from
town, too.
Regina: What's more, he's coming today.
Engstrand. There you are! And I'm going to be precious careful he doesn't have anything to say against me,
do you see?
Regina. Oh, that's your game, is it?
Engstrand. What do you mean?
Regina(with a significant look at him). What is it you want to humbug Mr. Manders out of this time?
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Engstrand. Sh! Sh! Are you crazy? Do you suppose I would want to humbug Mr. Manders? No, noMr.
Manders has always been too kind a friend for me to do that. But what I wanted to talk to you about, was my
going back home tonight.
Regina. The sooner you go, the better I shall be pleased.
Engstrand. Yes, only I want to take you with me, Regina.
Regina(openmouthed). You want to take me? What did you say?
Engstrand. I want to take you home with me, I said.
Regina(contemptuously). You will never get me home with you.
Engstrand. Ah, we shall see about that.
Regina. Yes, you can be quite certain we shall see about that. I, who have been brought up by a lady like
Mrs. Alving?I, who have been treated almost as if I were her own child?do you suppose I am going
home with you?to such a house as yours? Not likely!
Engstrand. What the devil do you mean? Are you setting yourself up against your father, you hussy?
Regina(mutters, without looking at him). You have often told me I was none of yours.
Engstrand. Bah!why do you want to pay any attention to that?
Regina. Haven't you many and many a time abused me and called me a ? For shame?
Engstrand. I'll swear I never used such an ugly word.
Regina. Oh, it doesn't matter what word you used.
Engstrand. Besides, that was only when I was a bit fuddled...hm! Temptations are manifold in this world,
Regina.
Regina. Ugh!
Engstrand. And it was when your mother was in a nasty temper. I had to find some way of getting my knife
into her, my girl. She was always so precious gentile. (Mimicking her.) "Let go, Jacob! Let me be! Please to
remember that I was three years with the Alvings at Rosenvold, and they were people who went to Court!
(Laughs.) Bless my soul, she never could forget that Captain Alving got a Court appointment while she was
in service here.
Regina. Poor motheryou worried her into her grave pretty soon.
Engstrand(shrugging his shoulders). Of course, of course; I have got to take the blame for everything.
Regina(beneath her breath, as she turns away). Ughthat leg, too!
Engstrand. What are you saying, my girl?
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Regina. Pied de mouton.
Engstrand. Is that English?
Regina. Yes.
Engstrand. You have had a good education out here, and no mistake; and it may stand you in good stead
now, Regina.
Regina(after a short silence). And what was it you wanted me to come to town for?
Engstrand. Need you ask why a father wants his only child? Ain't I a poor lonely widower?
Regina. Oh, don't come to me with that tale. Why do you want me to go?
Engstrand. Well, I must tell you I am thinking of taking up a new line now.
Regina(whistles). You have tried that so oftenbut it has always proved a fool's errand.
Engstrand. Ah, but this time you will just see, Regina! Strike me dead if
Regina(stamping her foot). Stop swearing!
Engstrand. Sh! Sh!you're quite right, my girl, quite right! What I wanted to say was only this, that I have
put by a tidy penny out of what I have made by working at this new Orphanage up here.
Regina. Have you? All the better for you.
Engstrand. What is there for a man to spend his money on, out here in the country?
Regina. Well, what then?
Engstrand. Well, you see, I thought of putting the money into something that would pay. I thought of some
kind of an eating house for seafaring folk
Regina. Heavens!
Engstrand. Oh, a highclass eatinghouse, of coursenot a pigsty for common sailors. Damn it, no; it
would be a place ships' captains and first mates would come to; really good sort of people, you know.
Regina. And what should I?
Engstrand. You would help there: But only to make show, you know. You wouldn't find it hard work, I can
promise you, my girl. You should do exactly as you liked.
Regina. Oh, yes, quite so!
Engstrand. But we must have some women in the house; that is as clear as daylight. Because in the evening
we must make the place a little attractive some singing and dancing, and that sort of thing. Remember they
are seafolk wayfarers on the waters of life! (Coming nearer to her.) Now don't be a fool and stand in your
own way, Regina. What good are you going to do here? Will this education, that your mistress has paid for,
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be of any use? You are to look after the children in the new Home, I hear. Is that the sort of work for you?
Are you so frightfully anxious to go and wear out your health and strength for the sake of these dirty brats?
Regina. No, if things were to go as I want them to, then. Well, it may happen; who knows? It may happen!
Engstrand. What may happen?
Regina. Never you mind. Is it much that you have put by, up here?
Engstrand. Taking it all round, I should say about forty or fifty pounds.
Regina. That's not so bad.
Engstrand. It's enough to make a start with, my girl.
Regina. Don't you mean to give me any of the money?
Engstrand. No, I'm hanged if I do.
Regina. Don't you mean to send me as much as a dresslength of stuff, just for once?
Engstrand. Come and live in the town with me and you shall have plenty of dresses.
Regina: Pooh!I can get that much for myself, if I have a mind to.
Engstrand. But it's far better to have a father's guiding hand, Regina. Just now I can get a nice house in Little
Harbour Street. They don't want much money down for it and we could make it like a sort of seamen's
home, don't you know.
Regina. But I have no intention of living with you! I'll have nothing whatever to do with you: So now, be off!
Engstrand. You wouldn't be living with me long, my girl. No such luck not if you knew how to play your
cards. Such a fine wench as you have grown this last year or two...
Regina. Well?
Engstrand. It wouldn't be very long before some first mate came along or perhaps a captain.
Regina. I don't mean to marry a man of that sort. Sailors have no savoirvivre.
Engstrand. What haven't they got?
Regina. I know what sailors are, I tell you. They aren't the sort of people to marry.
Engstrand. Well, don't bother about marrying them. You can make it pay just as well. (More
confidentially.) That fellowthe Englishmanthe one with the yachthe gave seventy pounds, he did; and
she wasn't a bit prettier than you.
Regina(advancing towards him). Get out!
Engstrand(stepping back). Here! here!you're not going to hit me, I suppose?
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Regina. Yes! If you talk like that of mother, I will hit you. Get out, I tell. You! (Pushes him up to the garden
door.) And don't bang the doors. Young Mr. Alving
Engstrand. Is asleepI know. It's funny how anxious you are about young Mr. Alving. (In a lower
tone.) Oho! is it possible that it is he that?
Regina. Get out, and be quick about it! Your wits are wandering, my good man. No, don't go that way; Mr.
Manders is just coming along. Be off down the kitchen stairs.
Engstrand(moving towards the. right). Yes, yesall right. But have a bit of a chat with him that's coming
along. He's the chap to tell you what a child owes to its father. For I am your father, anyway, you know, I can
prove it by the Register. (He goes out through the farther door which REGINA has opened. She shuts it after
him, looks hastily at herself in the mirror, fans herself with her handkerchief and sets her collar straight; then
busies herself with the flowers. MANDERS enters the conservatory through the garden door. He wears an
overcoat, carries an umbrella, and has a small travellingbag slung over his shoulder on a strap.)
Manders. Good morning, Miss Engstrand.
Regina(turning round with a look of pleased. surprise), Oh, Mr. Manders, good morning. The boat is in,
then?
Manders. Just in. (Comes into the room.) It is most tiresome, this rain every day.
Regina(following him in). It's a splendid rain for the farmers, Mr. Manders.
Manders. Yes, you are quite right. We townfolk think so little about that. (Begins to take off his overcoat.)
Regina. Oh, let me help you. That's it. Why, how wet it is! I will hang it up in the hall. Give me your
umbrella, too; I will leave it open, so that it will dry.
(She goes out with the things by the farther door on the right. MANDERS lays his bag and his hat down on a
chair. REGINA re enters.)
Manders. Ah, it's very pleasant to get indoors. Well, is everything going on well here?
Regina. Yes, thanks.
Manders. Properly busy, though, I expect, getting ready for tomorrow?
Regina. Oh, yes, there is plenty to do.
Manders. And Mrs. Alving is at home, I hope?
Regina. Yes, she is. She has just gone upstairs to take the young master his chocolate.
Manders. Tell meI heard down at the pier that Oswald had come back.
Regina. Yes, he came the day before yesterday. We didn't expect him until today.
Manders. Strong and well, I hope?
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Regina. Yes, thank you, well enough. But dreadfully tired after his journey. He came straight from Paris
without a stopI mean, he came all the way without breaking his journey. I fancy he is having a sleep now,
so we must talk a little bit more quietly, if you don't mind.
Manders. All right, we will be very quiet.
Regina(while she moves an armchair up to the table), Please sit down, Mr. Manders, and make yourself at
home. (He sits down; she puts a footstool under his feet.) There! Is that comfortable?
Manders. Thank you, thank you. That is most comfortable; (Looks at her.) I'll tell you what, Miss Engstrand,
I certainly think you have grown since I saw you last.
Regina. Do you think so? Mrs. Alving says, too that I have developed.
Manders. Developed? Well, perhaps a littlejust suitably. (A short pause.)
Regina. Shall I tell Mrs. Alving you are here?
Manders. Thanks, there is no hurry, my dear child. Now tell me, Regina my dear, how has your father been
getting on here?
Regina. Thank you, Mr. Manders, he is getting on pretty well.
Manders. He came to see me the last time he was in town.
Regina. Did he? He is always so glad when he can have a chat with you.
Manders. And I suppose you have seen him pretty regularly every day?
Regina. I? Oh, yes, I dowhenever I have time, that is to say.
Manders. Your father has not a very strong character, Miss Engstrand. He sadly needs a guiding hand.
Regina. Yes, I can quite believe that.
Manders. He needs someone with him that he can cling to, someone whose judgment he can rely on. He
acknowledged that freely himself, the last time he came up to see me.
Regina. Yes, he has said something of the same sort to me. But I don't know whether Mrs. Alving could do
without memost of all just now, when we have the new Orphanage to see about. And I should be
dreadfully unwilling to leave Mrs. Alving, too; she has always been so good to me.
Manders. But a daughter's duty, my good child. Naturally we should have to get your mistress' consent
first.
Regina. Still I don't know whether it would be quite the thing, at my age, to keep house for a single man.
Manders. What! My dear Miss Engstrand, it is your own father we are speaking of!
Regina. Yes, I dare say, but still. Now, if it were in a good house and with a real gentleman
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Manders. But, my dear Regina!
Regina. one whom I could feel an affection for, and really feel in the position of a daughter to...
Manders. Come, comemy dear good child
Regina. I should like very much to live in town. Out here it is terribly lonely; and you know yourself, Mr.
Manders, what it is to be alone in the world. And, though I say it, I really am both capable and willing. Don't
you know any place that would be suitable for me, Mr. Manders?
Manders. I? No, indeed I don't.
Regina. But, dear Mr. Mandersat any rate don't forget me, in case
Manders(getting up). No, I won't forget you, Miss Engstrand.
Regina. Because, if I
Manders. Perhaps you will be so kind as to let Mrs, Alving know I am here?
Regina. I will fetch her at once, Mr. Manders. (Goes out to the left. MANDERS walks up and down the room
once or twice, stands for a moment at the farther end of the room with his hands behind his back and looks
out into the garden. Then he comes back to the table, takes up a book and looks at the title page, gives a start,
and looks at some of the others.)
Manders. Hm!Really!
(MRS. ALVING comes in by the door on the left. She is followed by REGINA, who goes out again at once
through the nearer door on the right.)
Mrs. Alving(holding out her hand). I am very glad to see you, Mr. Manders.
Manders. How do you do, Mrs. Alving. Here I am, as I promised.
Mrs. Alving. Always punctual!
Manders. Indeed, I was hard put to it to get away. What with vestry meetings and committees.
Mrs. Alving. It was all the kinder of you to come in such good time; we can settle our business before dinner.
But where is your luggage?
Manders(quickly). My things are down at the village shop. I am going to sleep there tonight.
Mrs. Alving(repressing a smile). Can't I really persuade you to stay the night here this time?
Manders. No, no; many thanks all the same; I will put up there, as usual. It is so handy for getting on board
the boat again.
Mrs. Alving. Of course, you shall do as you please. But it seems to me quite another thing, now we are two
old people
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Manders. Ha! ha! You will have your joke! And it's natural you should be in high spirits todayfirst of all
there is the great event tomorrow, and also you have got Oswald home.
Mrs. Alving. Yes, am I not a lucky woman! It is more than two years since he was home last, and he has
promised to stay the whole winter with me.
Manders, Has he, really? That is very nice and filial of him; because there must be many more attractions in
his life in Rome or in Paris, I should think.
Mrs. Alving. Yes, but he has his mother here, you see. Bless the dear boy, he has got a corner in his heart for
his mother still.
Manders. Oh, it would be very sad if absence and preoccupation with such a thing as Art were to dull the
natural affections.
Mrs. Alving. It would, indeed. But there is no fear of that with him, I am glad to say. I am quite curious to
see if you recognise him again. He will be down directly; he is just lying down for a little on the sofa upstairs.
But do sit down, my dear friend.
Manders. Thank you. You are sure I am not disturbing you?
Mrs. Alving. Of course not. (She sits down at the table.)
Manders. Good. Then I will show you. (He goes to the chair where his bag is lying and takes a packet of
papers from it; then sits down at the opposite side of the table and looks for a clear space to put the papers
down.) Now first of all, here is(breaks off). Tell me, Mrs. Alving, what are these books doing here?
Mrs. Alving. These books? I am reading them,
Manders. Do you read this sort of thing?
Mrs, Alving. Certainly I do.
Manders. Do you feel any the better or the happier for reading books of this kind?
Mrs. Alving. I think it makes me, as it were, more selfreliant.
Manders. That is remarkable. But why?
Mrs. Alving. Well, they give me an explanation or a confirmation of lots of different ideas that have come
into my own mind. But what surprises me, Mr. Manders, is that, properly speaking, there is nothing at all new
in these books. There is nothing more in them than what most people think and believe. The only thing is,
that most people either take no account of it or won't admit it to themselves.
Manders. But, good heavens, do you seriously think that most people?
Mrs. Alving. Yes, indeed, I do.
Manders. But not here in the country at any rate? Not here amongst people like ourselves?
Mrs. Alving. Yes, amongst people like ourselves too.
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Manders. Well, really, I must say!
Mrs. Alving. But what is the particular objection that you have to these books?
Manders. What objection? You surely don't suppose that I take any particular interest in such productions?
Mrs. Alving. In fact, you don't know anything about what you are denouncing?
Manders. I have read quite enough about these books to disapprove of them:
Mrs. Alving. Yes, but your own opinion
Manders. My dear Mrs. Alving, there are many occasions in life when one has to rely on the opinion of
others. That is the way in this world, and it is quite right that it should be so. What would become of society,
otherwise?
Mrs. Alving. Well, you may be right.
Manders. Apart from that, naturally I don't deny that literature of this kind may have a considerable
attraction. And I cannot blame you, either, for wishing to make yourself acquainted with the intellectual
tendencies which I am told are at work in the wider world in which you have allowed your son to wander for
so long but
Mrs. Alving. But?
Manders(lowering his voice). But one doesn't talk about it, Mrs. Alving. One certainly is not called upon to
account to everyone for what one reads or thinks in the privacy of one's own room.
Mrs. Alving. Certainly not. I quite agree with you.
Manders. Just think of the consideration you owe to this Orphanage, which you decided to build at a time
when your thoughts on such subjects were very different from what they are nowas far as I am able to
judge.
Mrs. Alving. Yes, I freely admit that. But it was about the Orphanage...
Manders. It was about the Orphanage we were going to talk; quite so. Wellwalk warily, dear Mrs. Alving!
And now let us turn to the business in hand. (Opens an envelope and takes out some papers.) You see these?
Mrs. Alving. The deeds?
Manders. Yes, the whole lotand everything in order; I can tell you it has been no easy matter to get them
in time. I had positively to put pressure on the authorities; they are almost painfully conscientious when it is a
question of settling property. But here they are at last. (Turns over the papers.) Here is the deed of
conveyance of that part of the Rosenvold estate known as the Solvik property, together with the buildings
newly erected thereon the school, the masters' houses and the chapel. And here is the legal sanction for the
statutes of the institution. Here, you see(reads) "Statutes for the Captain Alving Orphanage."
Mrs. Alving(after a long look at the papers). That seems all in order.
Manders. I thought "Captain " was the better title to use, rather than your husband's Court title of
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"Chamberlain." "Captain " seems less ostentatious.
Mrs. Alving. Yes, yes; just as you think best.
Manders. And here is the certificate for the investment of the capital in the bank, the interest being
earmarked for the current expenses of the Orphanage.
Mrs. Alving. Many thanks; but I think it will be most convenient if you will kindly take charge of them.
Manders. With pleasure. I think it will be best to leave the money in the bank for the present. The interest is
not very high, it is true; four per cent at six months' call; later on, if we can find some good mortgageof
course it must be a first mortgage and on unexceptionable securitywe can consider the matter further.
Mrs. Alving. Yes, yes, my dear Mr. Manders, you know best about all that.
Manders. I will keep my eye on it, anyway. But there is one thing in connection with it that I have often
meant to ask you about.
Mrs. Alving. What is that?
Manders. Shall we insure the buildings, or not?
Mrs. Alving. Of course we must insure them.
Manders. Ah, but wait a moment, dear lady. Let us look into the matter a little more closely.
Mrs. Alving. Everything of mine is insuredthe house and its contents, my livestockeverything.
Manders. Naturally. They are your own property. I do exactly the same, of course. But this, you see, is quite
a different case. The Orphanage is, so to speak, dedicated to higher uses.
Mrs. Alving. Certainly, but
Manders. As far as I am personally concerned, I can conscientiously say that I don't see the smallest
objection to our insuring ourselves against all risks.
Mrs. Alving. That is exactly what I think.
Manders. But what about the opinion of the people hereabouts?
Mrs. Alving. Their opinion?
Manders. Is there any considerable body of opinion hereopinion of some account, I meanthat might
take exception to it?
Mrs. Alving. What, exactly, do you mean by opinion of some account?
Manders. Well, I was thinking particularly of persons of such independent and influential position that one
could hardly refuse to attach weight to their opinion.
Mrs. Alving. There are a certain number of such people here, who might perhaps take exception to it if we
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Manders. That's just it, you see. In town there are lots of them. All my fellowclergymen's congregations,
for instance! It would be so extremely easy for them to interpret it as meaning that neither you nor I had a
proper reliance on Divine protection.
Mrs. Alving. But as far as you are concerned, my dear friend, you have at all events the consciousness that
Manders. Yes I know I know; my own mind is quite easy about it, it is true. But we should not be able to
prevent a wrong and injurious interpretation of our action. And that sort of thing, moreover, might very easily
end in exercising a hampering influence on the work of the Orphanage.
Mrs. Alving. Oh, well, if that is likely to be the effect of it
Manders. Nor can I entirely overlook the difficultindeed, I may say, painfulposition I might possibly be
placed in. In the best circles in town the matter of this Orphanage is attracting a great deal of attention. Indeed
the Orphanage is to some extent built for the benefit of the town too, and it is to be hoped that it may result in
the lowering of our poorrate by a considerable amount. But as I have been your adviser in the matter and
have taken charge of the business side of it, I should be afraid that it would be I that spiteful persons would
attack first of all.
Mrs. Alving. Yes, you ought not to expose yourself to that.
Manders. Not to mention the attacks that would undoubtedly be made upon me in certain newspapers and
reviews.
Mrs. Alving. Say no more about it, dear Mr. Manders; that quite decides it.
Manders. Then you don't wish it to be insured?
Mrs. Alving. No, we will give up the idea.
Manders(leaning back in his chair). But suppose, now, that some accident happened?one can never
tellwould you be prepared to make good the damage?
Mrs. Alving. No; I tell you quite plainly I would not do so under any circumstances.
Manders. Still, you know, Mrs. Alvingafter all, it is a serious responsibility that we are taking upon
ourselves.
Mrs. Alving. But do you think we can do otherwise?
Manders. No, that's just it. We really can't do otherwise. We ought not to expose ourselves to a mistaken
judgment; and we have no right to do anything that will scandalise the community.
Mrs. Alving. You ought not to, as a clergyman, at any rate.
Manders. And, what is more, I certainly think that we may count upon our enterprise being attended by good
fortuneindeed, that it will be under a special protection.
Mrs. Alving. Let us hope so, Mr. Manders.
Manders. Then we will leave it alone?
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Mrs. Alving. Certainly.
Manders. Very good. As you wish. (Makes a note.) No insurance, then.
Mrs. Alving. It's a funny thing that you should just have happened to speak about that today
Manders. I have often meant to ask you about it.
Mrs. Alving. because yesterday we very nearly had a fire up there.
Manders. Do you mean it!
Mrs. Alving. Oh, as a matter of fact it was nothing of any consequence. Some shavings in the carpenter's
shop caught fire.
Manders. Where Engstrand works?
Mrs. Alving. Yes. They say he is often so careless with matches.
Manders. He has so many things on his mind, poor fellowso many anxieties. Heaven be thanked, I am
told he is really making an effort to live a blameless life,
Mrs. Alving. Really? Who told you so?
Manders. He assured me himself that it is so. He's good workman, too.
Mrs. Alving. Oh, yes, when he is sober.
Manders. Ah, that sad weakness of his! But the pain in his poor leg often drives him to it, he tells me. The
last time he was in town, I was really quite touched by him. He came to my house and thanked me so
gratefully for getting him work here, where he could have the chance of being with Regina.
Mrs. Alving. He doesn't see very much of her.
Manders. But he assured me that he saw her every day.
Mrs. Alving. Oh well, perhaps he does.
Manders. He feels so strongly that he needs someone who can keep a hold on him when temptations assail
him. That is the most winning thing about Jacob Engstrand; he comes to one like a helpless child and accuses
himself and confesses his frailty. The last time he came and had a talk with me... Suppose now, Mrs. Alving,
that it were really a necessity of his existence to have Regina at home with him again
Mrs. Alving(standing up suddenly). Regina!
Manders. you ought not to set yourself against him.
Mrs. Alving. Indeed, I set myself very definitely against that. And, besides, you know Regina is to have a
post in the Orphanage.
Manders. But consider, after all he is her father
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Mrs. Alving. I know best what sort of a father he has been to her. No, she shall never go to him with my
consent.
Manders(getting up). My dear lady, don't judge so hastily. It is very sad how you misjudge poor Engstrand.
One would really think you were afraid...
Mrs. Alving(more calmly). That is not the question. I have taken Regina into my charge, and in my charge
she remains. (Listens.) Hush, dear Mr. Manders, don't say any more about it. (Her face brightens with
pleasure.) Listen! Oswald is coming downstairs. We will only think about him now.
(OSWALD ALVING, in a light overcoat, hat in hand and smoking a big meerschaum pipe, comes in by the
door on the left.)
Oswald(standing in the doorway). Oh, I beg your pardon, I thought you were in the office. (Comes in.) Good
morning, Mr. Manders.
Manders(staring at him). Well! It's most extraordinary.
Mrs. Alving. Yes, what do you think of him, Mr. Manders?
Manders. IIno, can it possibly be?
Oswald. Yes, it really is the prodigal son, Mr. Manders.
Manders. Oh, my dear young friend
Oswald. Well, the son came home, then.
Mrs. Alving. Oswald is thinking of the time when you were so opposed to the idea of his being a painter.
Manders. We are only fallible, and many steps seem to us hazardous at first, that afterwards(grasps his
hand). Welcome, welcome! Really, my dear Oswaldmay I still call you Oswald?
Oswald. What else would you think of calling me?
Manders. Thank you. What I mean, my dear Oswald, is that you must not imagine that I have any
unqualified disapproval of the artist's life. I admit that there are many who, even in that career, can keep the
inner man free from harm.
Oswald. Let us hope so.
Mrs. Alving(beaming with pleasure). I know one who has kept both the inner and the outer man free from
harm. Just take a look at him, Mr. Manders.
Oswald(walks across the room). Yes, yes, mother dear, of course.
Manders. Undoubtedlyno one can deny it. And I hear you have begun to make a name for yourself. I have
often seen mention of you in the papersand extremely favourable mention, too. Although, I must admit,
lately I have not seen your name so often.
Oswald(going towards the conservatory). I haven't done so much painting just lately.
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Mrs. Alving. An artist must take a rest sometimes, like other people.
Manders. Of course, of course. At those times the artist is preparing and strengthening himself for a greater
effort.
Oswald. Yes. Mother, will dinner soon be ready?
Mrs. Alving. In half an hour. He has a fine appetite, thank goodness.
Manders. And a liking for tobacco too.
Oswald. I found father's pipe in the room upstairs, and
Manders. Ah, that is what it was!
Mrs. Alving. What?
Manders. When Oswald came in at that door with the pipe in his mouth, I thought for the moment it was his
father in the flesh.
Oswald. Really?
Mrs. Alving. How can you say so! Oswald takes after me.
Manders. Yes, but there is an expression about the corners of his mouthsomething about the lipsthat
reminds me so exactly of Mr. Alvingespecially when he smokes.
Mrs. Alving. I don't think so at all. To my mind, Oswald has much more of a clergyman's mouth.
Menders. Well, yesa good many of my colleagues in the church have a similar expression.
Mrs. Alving. But put your pipe down, my dear boy. I don't allow any smoking in here.
Oswald(puts down his pipe). All right, I only wanted to try it, because I smoked it once when I was a child.
Mrs. Alving. You?
Oswald. Yes; it was when I was quite a little chap. And I can remember going upstairs to father's room one
evening when he was in very good spirits.
Mrs. Alving. Oh, you can't remember anything about those days.
Oswald. Yes, I remember plainly that he took me on his knee and let me smoke his pipe. "Smoke, my boy,"
he said, "have a good smoke, boy!" And I smoked as hard as I could, until I felt I was turning quite pale and
the perspiration was standing in great drops on my forehead. Then he laughedsuch a hearty laugh.
Manders. It was an extremely odd thing to do.
Mrs. Alving. Dear Mr. Manders, Oswald only dreamt it.
Oswald. No indeed, mother, it was no dream. Becausedon't you rememberyou came into the room and
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carried me off to the nursery, where I was sick, and I saw that you were crying. Did father often play such
tricks?
Manders. In his young days he was full of fun
Oswald. And, for all that, he did so much with his lifeso much that was good and useful, I meanshort as
his life was.
Manders. Yes, my dear Oswald Alving, you have inherited the name of a man who undoubtedly was both
energetic and worthy. Let us hope it will be a spur to your energies.
Oswald. It ought to be, certainly.
Manders. In any case it was nice of you to come home for the day that is to honour his memory.
Oswald. I could do no less for my father.
Mrs. Alving. And to let me keep him so long herethat's the nicest part of what he has done.
Manders. Yes, I hear you are going to spend the winter at home.
Oswald. I am here for an indefinite time, Mr. Manders.Oh, it's good to be at home again!
Mrs. Alving(beaming). Yes, isn't it?
Manders(looking sympathetically at him). You went out into the world very young, my dear Oswald.
Oswald. I did. Sometimes I wonder if I wasn't too young.
Mrs. Alving. Not a bit of it. It is the best thing for an active boy, and especially for an only child. It's a pity
when they are kept at home with their parents and get spoiled.
Manders. That is a very debatable question, Mrs, Alving. A child's own home is, and always must be, his
proper place.
Oswald. There I agree entirely with Mr. Manders.
Manders. Take the case of your own son. Oh yes, we can talk about it before him. What has the result been
in his case? He is six or seven and twenty, and has never yet had the opportunity of learning what a
wellregulated home means.
Oswald. Excuse me, Mr. Manders, you are quite wrong there.
Manders. Indeed? I imagined that your life abroad had practically been spent entirely in artistic circles.
Oswald. So it has.
Manders. And chiefly amongst the younger artists.
Oswald. Certainly.
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Manders. But I imagined that those gentry, as a rule, had not the means necessary for family life and the
support of a home.
Oswald. There are a considerable number of them who have not the means to marry, Mr. Manders.
Manders. That is exactly my point.
Oswald. But they can have a home of their own, all the same; a good many of them have. And they are very
wellregulated and very comfortable homes, too.
(MRS. ALVING, who has listened to him attentively, nods assent, but says nothing.)
Manders. Oh, but I am not talking of bachelor establishments. By a home I mean family lifethe life a man
lives with his wife and children.
Oswald. Exactly, or with his children and his children's mother.
Manders(starts and clasps his hands). Good heavens!
Oswald. What is the matter?
Manders. Lives withwithhis children's mother.
Oswald. Well, would you rather he should repudiate his children's mother?
Manders. Then what you are speaking of are those unprincipled conditions known as irregular unions!
Oswald. I have never noticed anything particularly unprincipled about these people's lives.
Manders. But do you mean to say that it is possible for a man of any sort of bringing up, and a young
woman, to reconcile themselves to such a way of livingand to make no secret of it, either!
Oswald. What else are they to do? A poor artist, and a poor girl it costs a good deal to get married. What
else are they to do?
Manders. What are they to do? Well, Mr. Alving, I will tell you what they ought to do. They ought to keep
away from each other from the very beginningthat is what they ought to do!
Oswald. That advice wouldn't have much effect upon hotblooded young folk who are in love.
Mrs. Alving. No, indeed it wouldn't.
Manders(persistently). And to think that the authorities tolerate such things! That they are allowed to go on,
openly! (Turns to MRS. ALVING.) Had I so little reason, then, to be sadly concerned about your son? In
circles where open immorality is rampantwhere, one may say, it is honoured
Oswald. Let me tell you this, Mr. Manders. I have been a constant Sunday guest at one or two of these
"irregular" households.
Manders. On Sunday, too!
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Oswald. Yes, that is the day of leisure. But never have I heard one objectionable word there, still less have I
ever seen anything that could be called immoral. No; but do you know when and where I have met with
immorality in artists' circles?
Manders. No, thank heaven, I don't!
Oswald. Well, then, I shall have the pleasure of telling you. I have met with it when someone or other of your
model husbands and fathers have come out there to have a bit of a look round on their own account, and have
done the artists the honour of looking them up in their humble quarters. Then we had a chance of learning
something, I can tell you. These gentlemen were able to instruct us about places and things that we had never
so much as dreamt of.
Manders. What? Do you want me to believe that honourable men when they get away from home will
Oswald. Have you never, when these same honourable men come home again, heard them deliver
themselves on the subject of the prevalence of immorality abroad?
Manders. Yes, of course, but
Mrs. Alving. I have heard them, too.
Oswald. Well, you can take their word for it, unhesitatingly. Some of them are experts in the matter. (Putting
his hands to his head.) To think that the glorious freedom of the beautiful life over there should be so
besmirched!
Mrs. Alving. You mustn't get too heated, Oswald; you gain nothing by that.
Oswald. No, you are quite right, mother. Besides, it isn't good for me. It's because I am so infernally tired,
you know. I will go out and take a turn before dinner. I beg your pardon, Mr. Manders. It is impossible for
you to realise the feeling; but it takes me that way (Goes out by the farther door on the right.)
Mrs. Alving. My poor boy!
Manders. You may well say so. This is what it has brought him to! (MRS. ALVING looks at him, but does
not speak.) He called himself the prodigal son. It's only too true, alasonly too true! (MRS. ALVING looks
steadily at him.) And what do you say to all this?
Mrs. Alving. I say that Oswald was right in every single word he said.
Manders. Right? Right? To hold such principles as that?
Mrs. Alving. In my loneliness here I have come to just the same opinions as he, Mr. Manders. But I have
never presumed to venture upon such topics in conversation. Now there is no need; my boy shall speak for
me.
Manders. You deserve the deepest pity, Mrs. Alving. It is my duty to say an earnest word to you. It is no
longer your businessman and adviser, no longer your old friend and your dead husband's old friend, that
stands before you now. It is your priest that stands before you, just as he did once at the most critical moment
of your life.
Mrs. Alving. And what is it that my priest has to say to me?
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Manders. First of all I must stir your memory. The moment is well chosen. Tomorrow is the tenth
anniversary of your husband's death; tomorrow the memorial to the departed will be unveiled; tomorrow I
shall speak to the whole assembly that will be met together, But today I want to speak to you alone.
Mrs. Alving, Very well, Mr. Manders, speak!
Manders. Have you forgotten that after barely a year of married life you were standing at the very edge of a
precipice?that you forsook your house and home? that you ran away from your husband yes, Mrs.
Alving, ran away, ran away=and refused to return to him in spite of his requests and entreaties?
Mrs. Alving. Have you forgotten how unspeakably unhappy I was during that first year?
Manders. To crave for happiness in this world is simply to be possessed by a spirit of revolt. What right have
we to happiness? No! we must do our duty, Mrs. Alving. And your duty was to cleave to the man you had
chosen and to whom you were bound by a sacred bond.
Mrs. Alving. You know quite well what sort of a life my husband was living at that timewhat excesses he
was guilty of.
Menders. I know only too well what rumour used to say of him; and I should be the last person to approve of
his conduct as a young man, supposing that rumour spoke the truth. But it is not a wife's part to be her
husband's judge. You should have considered it your bounden duty humbly to have borne the cross that a
higher will had laid upon you. But, instead of that, you rebelliously cast off your cross, you deserted the man
whose stumbling footsteps you should have supported, you did what was bound to imperil your good name
and reputation, and came very near to imperilling the reputation of others into the bargain.
Mrs. Alving. Of others? Of one other, you mean.
Manders. It was the height of imprudence, your seeking refuge with me.
Mrs. Alving. With our priest? With our intimate friend?
Manders. All the more on that account; you should thank God that I possessed the necessary strength of
mindthat I was able to turn you from your outrageous intention, and that it was vouchsafed to me to
succeed in leading you back into the path of duty, and back to your lawful husband.
Mrs. Alving. Yes, Mr. Manders, that certainly was your doing.
Manders. I was but the humble instrument of a higher power. And is it not true that my having been able to
bring you again under the yoke of duty and obedience sowed the seeds of a rich blessing on all the rest of
your life? Did things not turn out as I foretold to you? Did not your husband turn from straying in the wrong
path, as a man should? Did he not, after that, live a life of love and good report with you all his days? Did he
not become a benefactor to the neighbourhood? Did he not so raise you up to his level, so that by degree you
became his fellowworker in all his undertakingsand a noble fellowworker, too. I know, Mrs. Alving;
that praise I will give you. But now I come to the second serious false step in your life.
Mrs. Alving. What do you mean?
Manders, Just as once you forsook your duty as a wife, so, since then, you have forsaken your duty as a
mother.
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Mrs. Alving. Oh!
Manders. You have been overmastered all your life by a disastrous spirit of willfulness. All your impulses
have led you towards what is undisciplined and lawless. You have never been willing to submit to any
restraint. Anything in life that has seemed irksome to you, you have thrown aside recklessly and
unscrupulously, as if it were a burden that you were free to rid yourself of if you would. It did not please you
to be a wife any longer, and so you left your husband. Your duties as a mother were irksome to you, so you
sent your child away among strangers.
Mrs. Alving. Yes, that is true; I did that.
Menders. And that is why you have become a stranger to him.
Mrs. Alving. No, no, I am not that!
Manders. You are; you must be. And what sort of a son is it that you have got back? Think over it seriously,
Mrs. Alving. You erred grievously in your husband's caseyou acknowledge as much, by erecting this
memorial to him. Now you are bound to acknowledge how much you have erred in your son's case; possibly
there may still be time to reclaim him from the path of wickedness. Turn over a new leaf, and set yourself to
reform what there may still be that is capable of reformation in him. Because (with uplifted forefinger) in very
truth, Mrs. Alving, you are a guilty mother!That is what I have thought it my duty to say to you.
(A short silence.)
Mrs. Alving(speaking slowly and with selfcontrol). You have had your say, Mr. Manders, and tomorrow
you will be making a public speech in memory of my husband. I shall not speak tomorrow. But now I wish to
speak to you for a little, just as you have been speaking to me.
Manders. By all means; no doubt you wish to bring forward some excuses for your behaviour.
Mrs. Alving. No. I only want to tell you something
Manders. Well?
Mrs. Alving. In all that you said just now about me and my husband, and about our life together after you
had, as you put it, led me back into the path of dutythere was nothing that you knew at first hand. From
that moment you never again set foot in our houseyou, who had been our daily companion before that.
Manders. Remember that you and your husband moved out of town immediately afterwards.
Mrs. Alving. Yes, and you never once came out here to see us in my husband's lifetime. It was only the
business in connection with the Orphanage that obliged you to come and see me.
Manders(in a low and uncertain voice). Helenif that is a reproach, I can only beg you to consider
Mrs. Alving. the respect you owed by your calling?yes. All the more as I was a wife who had tried to
run away from her husband. One can never be too careful to have nothing to do with such reckless women.
Manders. My dearMrs. Alving, you are exaggerating dreadfully.
Mrs. Alving. Yes, yes,very well. What I mean is this, that when you condemn my conduct as a wife you
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have nothing more to go upon than ordinary public opinion.
Manders. I admit it. What then?
Mrs. Alving. Well now, Mr. Manders, now I am going to tell you the truth. I had sworn to myself that you
should know it one day you, and you only!
Manders. And what may the truth be?
Mrs. Alving. The truth is this, that my husband died just as great a profligate as he had been all his life.
Manders(feeling for a chair). What are you saying?
Mrs. Alving. After nineteen years of married life, just as profligatein his desires at all eventsas he was
before you married us.
Manders. And can you talk of his youthful indiscretionshis irregularitieshis excesses, if you likeas a
profligate life!
Mrs. Alving. That was what the doctor who attended him called it.
Manders. I don't understand what you mean.
Mrs. Alving. It is not necessary that you should.
Manders. It makes my brain reel. To think that your marriageall the years of wedded life you spent with
your husbandwere nothing but a hidden abyss of misery.
Mrs. Alving. That and nothing else. Now you know.
Manders. Thisthis bewilders me. I can't understand it! I can't grasp it! How in the world was it possible?
How could such a state of things remain concealed?
Mrs. Alving. That was just what I had to fight for incessantly, day after day. When Oswald was born, I
thought I saw a slight improvement. But it didn't last long. And after that I had to fight doubly hardfight a
desperate fight so that no one should know what sort of a man my child's father was. You know quite well
what an attractive manner he had; it seemed as if people could believe nothing but good of him. He was one
of those men whose mode of life seems to have no effect upon their reputations. But at last, Mr.
Mandersyou must hear this tooat last something happened more abominable than everything else.
Manders. More abominable than what you have told me!
Mrs. Alving. I had borne with it all, though I knew only too well what he indulged in in secret, when he was
out of the house. But when it came to the point of the scandal coming within our four walls
Manders. Can you mean it! Here?
Mrs. Alving. Yes, here, in our own home. It was in there (pointing to the nearer door on the right) in the
diningroom that I got the first hint of it. I had something to do in there and the door was standing ajar. I
heard our maid come up from the garden with water for the flowers in the conservatory.
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Manders. Well?
Mrs. Alving. Shortly afterwards I heard my husband come in too. I heard him say something to her in a low
voice. And then I heard (with a short laugh)oh, it rings in my ears still, with its mixture of what was
heartbreaking and what was so ridiculousI heard my own servant whisper: "Let me go, Mr. Alving! Let me
be!"
Manders. What unseemly levity on his part! But surely nothing more than levity, Mrs. Alving, believe me.
Mrs. Alving. I soon knew what to believe. My husband had his will of the girland that intimacy had
consequences, Mr. Manders.
Manders(as if turned to stone). And all that in this house! In this house!
Mrs. Alving. I have suffered a good deal in this house. To keep him at home in the eveningand at nightI
have had to play the part of boon companion in his secret drinkingbouts in his room up there. I have had to
sit there alone with him, have had to hobnob and drink with him, have had to listen to his ribald senseless
talk, have had to fight with brute force to get him to bed
Manders(trembling). And you were able to endure all this!
Mrs. Alving. I had my little boy, and endured it for his sake. But when the crowning insult camewhen my
own servantthen I made up my mind that there should be an end of it. I took the upper hand in the house,
absolutelyboth with him and all the others. I had a weapon to use against him, you see; he didn't dare to
speak. It was then that Oswald was sent away. He was about seven then, and was beginning to notice things
and ask questions as children will. I could endure all that, my friend. It seemed to me that the child would be
poisoned if he breathed the air of this polluted house. That was why I sent him away. And now you
understand, too, why he never set foot here as long as his father was alive. No one knows what it meant to
me.
Manders. You have indeed had a pitiable experience.
Mrs. Alving. I could never have gone through with it, if I had not had my work. Indeed, I can boast that I
have worked. All the increase in the value of the property, all the improvements, all the useful arrangements
that my husband got the honour and glory ofdo you suppose that he troubled himself about any of them?
He, who used to lie the whole day on the sofa reading old official lists! No, you may as well know that too. It
was I that kept him up to the mark when he had his lucid intervals; it was I that had to bear the whole burden
of it when he began his excesses again or took to whining about his miserable condition.
Manders. And this is the man you are building a memorial to!
Mrs. Alving. There you see the power of an uneasy conscience.
Manders. An uneasy conscience? What do you mean?
Mrs. Alving. I had always before me the fear that it was impossible that the truth should not come out and be
believed. That is why the Orphanage is to exist, to silence all rumours and clear away all doubt.
Manders. You certainly have not fallen short of the mark in that, Mrs. Alving.
Mrs. Alving. I had another very good reason. I did not wish Oswald, my own son, to inherit a penny that
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belonged to his father.
Manders. Then it is with Mr. Alving's property.
Mrs. Alving. Yes. The sums of money that, year after year, I have given towards this Orphanage, make up
the amount of propertyI have reckoned it carefullywhich in the old days made Lieutenant Alving a
catch.
Manders. I understand.
Mrs. Alving. That was my purchase money. I don't wish it to pass into Oswald's hands. My son shall have
everything from me, I am determined.
(OSWALD comes in by the farther door on the right. He has left his hat and coat outside.)
Mrs. Alving. Back again, my own dear boy?
Oswald. Yes, what can one do outside in this everlasting rain? I hear dinner is nearly ready. That's good!
(REGINA comes in front the diningroom, carrying a parcel.)
Regina. This parcel has come for you, ma'am. (Gives it to her.)
Mrs. Alving(glancing at MANDERS). The ode to be sung tomorrow, I expect.
Manders. Hm!
Regina. And dinner is ready.
Mrs. Alving. Good. We will come in a moment. I will just(begins to open the parcel).
Regina(to OSWALD). Will you drink white or red wine, sir?
Oswald. Both, Miss Engstrand.
Regina. Bienvery good, Mr. Alving. (Goes into the diningroom.)
Oswald. I may as well help you to uncork it. (Follows her into the diningroom, leaving the door ajar
after him.)
Mrs. Alving. Yes, I thought so. Here is the ode, Mr Manders.
Manders(clasping his hands). How shall I ever have the courage tomorrow to speak the address that
Mrs. Alving. Oh, you will get through it.
Manders(in a low voice, fearing to be heard in the dining room). Yes, we must raise no suspicions.
Mrs. Alving(quietly but firmly). No; and then this long dreadful comedy will be at an end. After tomorrow, I
shall feel as if my dead husband had never lived in this house. There will be no one else here then but my boy
and his mother.
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(From the diningroom is heard the noise of a chair falling; then REGINA'S voice is heard in a loud
whisper: Oswald! Are you mad? Let me go!)
Mrs. Alving(starting in horror). Oh!
(She stares wildly at the halfopen door. OSWALD is heard coughing and humming, then the sound of a
bottle being uncorked.)
Manders(in an agitated manner). What's the matter? What is it, Mrs. Alving?
Mrs. Alving(hoarsely). Ghosts. The couple in the conservatory over again.
Manders. What are you saying! Regina? Is SHE!
Mrs. Alving. Yes, Come. Not a word!
(Grips MANDERS by the arm and walks unsteadily with him into the diningroom.)
ACT II
(The same scene. The landscape is still obscured by Mist. MANDERS and MRS. ALVING come in from the
diningroom.)
Mrs. Alving(calls into the diningroom from the doorway). Aren't you coming in here, Oswald?
Oswald. No, thanks; I think I will go out for a bit.
Mrs. Alving. Yes, do; the weather is clearing a little. (She shuts the diningroom door, then goes to the hall
door and calls.) Regina!
Regina(from without). Yes, ma'am?
Mrs. Alving. Go down into the laundry and help with the garlands.
Regina. Yes, ma'am.
(MRS. ALVING satisfies herself that she has gone, then shuts the door.)
Manders. I suppose he can't hear us?
Mrs. Alving. Not when the door is shut. Besides, he is going out.
Manders. I am still quite bewildered. I don't know how I managed to swallow a mouthful of your excellent
dinner.
Mrs. Alving(walking up and down, and trying to control her agitation). Nor I. But, what are we to do?
Manders. Yes, what are we to do? Upon my word I don't know; I am so completely unaccustomed to things
of this kind.
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Mrs. Alving. I am convinced that nothing serious has happened yet.
Manders. Heaven forbid! But it is most unseemly behaviour, for all that.
Mrs. Alving. It is nothing more than a foolish jest of Oswald's, you may be sure.
Manders. Well, of course, as I said, I am quite inexperienced in such matters; but it certainly seems to me
Mrs. Alving. Out of the house she shall goand at once. That part of it is as clear as daylight
Manders. Yes, that is quite clear.
Mrs. Alving. But where is she to go? We should not be justified in
Manders. Where to? Home to her father, of course.
Mrs. Alving. To whom, did you say?
Manders. To her. No, of course Engstrand isn't. But, great heavens, Mrs. Alving, how is such a thing
possible? You surely may have been mistaken, in spite of everything.
Mrs. Alving. There was no chance of mistake, more's the pity. Joanna was obliged to confess it to meand
my husband couldn't deny it. So there was nothing else to do but to hush it up.
Manders. No, that was the only thing to do.
Mrs. Alving. The girl was sent away at once, and was given a tolerably liberal sum to hold her tongue. She
looked after the rest herself when she got to town. She renewed an old acquaintance with the carpenter
Engstrand; gave him a hint, I suppose, of how much money she had got, and told him some fairy tale about a
foreigner who had been here in his yacht in the summer. So she and Engstrand were married in a great hurry.
Why, you married them yourself!
Manders. I can't understand it, I remember clearly Engstrand's coming to arrange about the marriage. He
was full of contrition, and accused himself bitterly for the light conduct he and his fiancee had been guilty of.
Mrs. Alving. Of course he had to take the blame on himself.
Manders. But the deceitfulness of it! And with me, too! I positively would not have believed it of Jacob
Engstrand. I shall most certainly give him a serious talking to. And the immorality of such a marriage!
Simply for the sake of the money! What sum was it that the girl had?
Mrs. Alving. It was seventy pounds.
Manders. Just think of itfor a paltry seventy pounds to let yourself be bound in marriage to a fallen
woman!
Mrs. Alving. What about myself, then?I let myself be bound in marriage to a fallen man.
Manders. Heaven forgive you! What are you saying? A fallen man?
Mrs. Alving. Do you suppose my husband was any purer, when I went with him to the altar, than Joanna was
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when Engstrand agreed to marry her?
Manders. The two cases are as different as day from night.
Mrs. Alving. Not so very different, after all. It is true there was a great difference in the price paid, between a
paltry seventy pounds and a whole fortune.
Manders. How can you compare such totally different things! I presume you consulted your own heartand
your relations.
Mrs. Alving(looking away from him). I thought you understood where what you call my heart had strayed to
at that time.
Manders(in a constrained voice). If I had understood anything of the kind, I would not have been a daily
guest in your husband's house.
Mrs. Alving. Well, at any rate this much is certain I didn't consult myself in the matter at all.
Manders. Still you consulted those nearest to you, as was only rightyour mother, your two aunts.
Mrs. Alving. Yes, that is true. The three of them settled the whole matter for me. It seems incredible to me
now, how clearly they made out that it would be sheer folly to reject such an offer. If my mother could only
see what all that fine prospect has led to!
Manders. No one can be responsible for the result of it. Anyway there is this to be said, that the match was
made in complete conformity with law and order.
Mrs. Alving(going to the window). Oh, law and order! I often think it is that that is at the bottom of all the
misery in the world,
Manders. Mrs. Alving, it is very wicked of you to say that.
Mrs. Alving. That may be so; but I don't attach importance to those obligations and considerations any
longer. I cannot! I must struggle for my freedom.
Manders. What do you mean?
Mrs. Alving(taping on the window panes). I ought never to have concealed what sort of a life my husband
led. But I had not the courage to do otherwise thenfor my own sake, either. I was too much of a coward.
Manders. A coward?
Mrs. Alving. If others had known anything of what happened, they would have said: "Poor man, it is natural
enough that he should go astray, when he has a wife that has run away from him."
Manders. They would have had a certain amount of justification for saying so.
Mrs. Alving(looking fixedly at him). If I had been the woman I ought, I would have taken Oswald into my
confidence and said to him: "Listen, my son, your father was a dissolute man"
Manders. Miserable woman.
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Mrs. Alving. and I would have told him all I have told you, from beginning to end.
Manders. I am almost shocked at you, Mrs. Alving.
Mrs. Alving. I know. I know quite well! I am shocked at myself when I think of it. (Comes away from the
window.) I am coward enough for that.
Manders. Can you call it cowardice that you simply did your duty? Have you forgotten that a child should
love and honour his father and mother?
Mrs. Alving. Don't let us talk in such general terms. Suppose we say: "Ought Oswald to love and honour Mr.
Alving?"
Manders. You are a motherisn't there a voice in your heart that forbids you to shatter your son's ideals?
Mrs. Alving. And what about the truth?
Manders. What about his ideals?
Mrs: Alving. Ohideals, ideals! If only I were not such a coward as I am!
Manders. Do not spurn ideals, Mrs. Alvingthey have a way of avenging themselves cruelly. Take
Oswald's own case, now. He hasn't many ideals, more's the pity. But this much I have seen, that his father is
something of an ideal to him.
Mrs. Alving. You are right there.
Manders. And his conception of his father is what you inspired and encouraged by your letters.
Mrs: Alving. Yes, I was swayed by duty and consideration for others; that was why I lied to my son, year in
and year out. Oh, what a cowardwhat a coward I have been!
Manders. You have built up a happy illusion in your son's mind, Mrs. Alvingand that is a thing you
certainly ought not to undervalue.
Mrs. Alving. Ah, who knows if that is such a desirable thing after all!But anyway I don't intend to put up
with any goings on with Regina. I am not going to let him get the poor girl into trouble.
Manders. Good heavens, nothat would be a frightful thing!
Mrs. Alving. If only I knew whether he meant it seriously, and whether it would mean happiness for him.
Manders. In what way? I don't understand.
Mrs. Alving. But that is impossible; Regina is not equal to it, unfortunately.
Manders, I don't understand: What do you mean?
Mrs. Alving. If I were not such a miserable coward, I would say to him: "Marry her, or make any
arrangement you like with her only let there be no deceit in the matter."
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Manders. Heaven forgive you! Are you actually suggesting anything so abominable, so unheard of, as a
marriage between them!
Mrs. Alving. Unheard of, do you call it? Tell me honestly, Mr. Manders, don't you suppose there are plenty
of married couples out here in the country that are just as nearly related as they are?
Manders. I am sure I don't understand you.
Mrs. Alving. Indeed you do.
Manders. I suppose you are thinking of cases where possibly. It is only too true, unfortunately, that family
life is not always as stainless as it should be. But as for the sort of thing you hint atwell, it's impossible to
tell, at all events, with any certainty. Here on the other handfor you, a mother, to be willing to allow
your
Mrs. Alving. But I am not willing to allow it; I would not allow it for anything in the world; that is just what
I was saying.
Manders. No, because you are a coward, as you put it. But, supposing you were not a coward! Great
heavenssuch a revolting union!
Mrs. Alving. Well, for the matter of that, we are all descended from a union of that description, so we are
told. And who was it that was responsible for this state of things, Mr. Manders?
Manders. I can't discuss such questions with you, Mrs. Alving; you are by no means in the right frame of
mind for that. But for you to dare to say that it is cowardly of you!
Mrs. Alving. I will tell you what I mean by that. I am frightened and timid, because I am obsessed by the
presence of ghosts that I never can get rid of,
Manders. The presence of what?
Mrs. Alving. Ghosts. When I heard Regina and Oswald in there, it was just like seeing ghosts before my
eyes. I am half inclined to think we are all ghosts, Mr. Manders. It is not only what we have inherited from
our fathers anal mothers that exists again in us, but all sorts of old dead ideas and all kinds of old dead beliefs
and things of that kind. They are not actually alive in us; but there they are dormant, all the same, and we can
never be rid of them. Whenever I take up a newspaper and read it, I fancy I see ghosts creeping between the
lines. There must be ghosts all over the world. They must be as countless as the grains of the sands, it seems
to me. And we are so miserably afraid of the light, all of us.
Manders. Ah!there we have the outcome of your reading. Fine fruit it has bornethis abominable,
subversive, freethinking literature!
Mrs. Alving. You are wrong there, my friend. You are the one who made me begin to think; and I owe you
my best thanks for it.
Menders. I!
Mrs. Alving. Yes, by forcing me to submit to what you called my duty and my obligations; by praising as
right and lust what my whole soul revolted against, as it would against something abominable. That was what
led me to examine your teachings critically. I only wanted to unravel one point in them; but as soon as I had
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got that unravelled, the whole fabric came to pieces. And then I realised that it was only machinemade.
Manders(softly, and with emotion). Is that all I accomplished by the hardest struggle of my life?
Mrs. Alving. Call it rather the most ignominious defeat of your life.
Manders. It was the greatest victory of my life, Helen; victory over myself.
Mrs. Alving. It was a wrong done to both of us.
Manders. A wrong?wrong for me to entreat you as a wife to go back to your lawful husband, when you
came to me half distracted and crying: "Here I am, take me!" Was that a wrong?
Mrs. Alving. I think it was.
Menders. We two do not understand one another.
Mrs. Alving. Not now, at all events.
Manders. Nevereven in my most secret thoughtshave I for a moment regarded you as anything but the
wife of another.
Mrs. Alving. Do you believe what you say?
Manders. Helen!
Mrs. Alving. One so easily forgets one's own feelings. Manders. Not I. I am the same as I always was.
Mrs. Alving. Yes, yesdon't let us talk any more about the old days. You are buried up to your eyes now in
committees and all sorts of business; and I am here, fighting with ghosts both without and within me.
Manders. I can at all events help you to get the better of those without you. After all that I have been
horrified to hear you from today, I cannot conscientiously allow a young defenceless girl to remain in your
house.
Mrs. Alving. Don't you think it would be best if we could get her settled?by some suitable marriage, I
mean.
Manders. Undoubtedly. I think, in any case, it would have been desirable for her. Regina is at an age now
thatwell, I don't know much about these things, but
Mrs. Alving. Regina developed very early.
Manders. Yes, didn't she. I fancy I remember thinking she was remarkably well developed, bodily, at the
time I prepared her for Confirmation. But, for the time being, she must in any case go home. Under her
father's careno, but of course Engstrand is not. To think that he, of all men, could so conceal the truth from
me! (A knock is heard at the hall door.)
Mrs. Alving. Who can that be? Come in!
(ENGSTRAND, dressed in his Sunday clothes, appears in the doorway.)
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Engstrand. I humbly beg pardon, but
Manders. Aha! Hm!
Mrs. Alving. Oh, it's you, Engstrand!
Engstrand. There were none of the maids about, so I took the great liberty of knocking.
Mrs. Alving. That's all right. Come in. Do you want to speak to me?
Engstrand(coming in). No, thank you very much, ma'am. It was Mr. Menders I wanted to speak to for a
moment.
Manders(walking up and down). Hm!do you. You want to speak to me, do you?
Engstrand. Yes, sir, I wanted so very much to
Manders(stopping in front of him). Well, may I ask what it is you want?
Engstrand. It's this way, Mr. Manders. We are being paid off now. And many thanks to you, Mrs. Alving.
And now the work is quite finished, I thought it would be so nice and suitable if all of us, who have worked
so honestly together all this time, were to finish up with a few prayers this evening.
Manders. Prayers? Up at the Orphanage?
Engstrand. Yes, sir, but if it isn't agreeable to you, then
Manders. Oh, certainlybuthm!
Engstrand. I have made a practice of saying a few prayers there myself each evening.
Mrs: Alving. Have you?
Engstrand. Yes, ma'am, now and thenjust as a little edification, so to speak. But I am only a poor
common man, and haven't rightly the gift, alasand so I thought that as Mr, Manders happened to be here,
perhaps
Manders. Look here, Engstrand! First of all I must ask you a question. Are you in a proper frame of mind for
such a thing? Is your conscience free and untroubled?
Engstrand. Heaven have mercy on me a sinner! My conscience isn't worth our speaking about, Mr. Manders.
Manders. But it is just what we must speak about. What do you say to my question?
Engstrand. My conscience? Wellit's uneasy sometimes, of course.
Manders. Ah, you admit that at all events. Now will you tell me, without any concealment what is your
relationship to Regina?
Mrs. Alving(hastily). Mr. Manders!
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Manders(calming her).Leave it to me!
Engstrand. With Regina? Good Lord, how you frightened me! (Looks at MRS ALVING.) There is nothing
wrong with Regina, is there?
Manders. Let us hope not. What I want to know is, what is your relationship to her? You pass as her father,
don't you?
Engstrand(unsteadily): Wellhm!you know, sir, what happened between me and my poor Joanna.
Manders. No more distortion of the truth! Your late wife made a full confession to Mrs. Alving, before she
left her service...
Engstrand. What!do you mean to say? Did she do that after all?
Manders. You see it has all come out, Engstrand.
Engstrand. Do you mean to say that she, who gave me her promise and solemn oath
Manders. Did she take an oath?
Engstrand. Well, noshe only gave me her word, but as seriously as a woman could.
Manders. And all these years you have been hiding the truth from mefrom me, who have had such
complete and absolute faith in you.
Engstrand. I am sorry to say I have, sir.
Manders. Did I deserve that from you, Engstrand? Haven't I been always ready to help you in word and deed
as far as lay in my power? Answer me! Is it not so?
Engstrand. Indeed there's many a time I should have been very badly off without you, sir.
Manders. And this is the way you repay meby causing me to make false entries in the church registers,
and afterwards keeping back from me for years the information which you owed it both to me and to your
sense of the truth to divulge. Your conduct has been absolutely inexcusable, Engstrand, and from today
everything is at an end between us.
Engstrand(with a sigh). Yes, I can see that's what it means.
Manders. Yes, because how can you possibly justify what you did?
Engstrand. Was the poor girl to go and increase her load of shame by talking about it? Just suppose, sir, for a
moment that your reverence was in the same predicament as my poor Joanna.
Manders. I!
Engstrand. Good Lord, sir, I don't mean the same predicament. I mean, suppose there were something your
reverence was ashamed of in the eyes of the world, so to speak. We men ought not judge a poor woman too
hardly, Mr. Manders.
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Manders. But I am not doing so at all. It is you I am blaming.
Engstrand. Will your reverence grant me leave to ask you a small question?
Manders. Ask away.
Engstrand. Shouldn't you say it was right for a man to raise up the fallen?
Manders. Of course it is.
Engstrand. And isn't a man bound to keep his word of honour?
Manders. Certainly he is; but
Engstrand. At the time when Joanna had her misfortune with this Englishmanor maybe he was an
American or a Russian, as they call 'emwell, sir, then she came to town. Poor thing, she had refused me
once or twice before; she only had eyes for good looking men in those days, and I had this crooked leg then.
Your reverence will remember how I had ventured up into a dancing saloon where seafaring men were
revelling in drunkenness and intoxication, as they say. And when I tried to exhort them to turn from their evil
ways
Mrs. Alving(coughs from the window). Ahem!
Manders. I know, Engstrand, I knowthe rough brutes threw you downstairs. You have told me about that
incident before. The affliction to your leg is a credit to you.
Engstrand. I don't want to claim credit for it, your reverence. But what I wanted to tell you was that she
came then and confided in me with tears and gnashing of teeth. I can tell you, sir, it went to my heart to hear
her.
Manders. Did it, indeed, Engstrand? Well, what then?
Engstrand. Well, then I said to her: "The American is roaming about on the high seas, he is. And you,
Joanna," I said, "you have committed a sin and are a fallen woman. But here stands Jacob Engstrand," I said,
"on two strong legs"of course that was only speaking in a kind of metaphor, as it were, your reverence.
Manders. I quite understand. Go on.
Engstrand. Well, sir, that was how I rescued her and made her my lawful wife, so that no one should know
how recklessly she had carried on with the stranger.
Manders. That was all very kindly done. The only thing I cannot justify was your bringing yourself to accept
the money.
Engstrand. Money? I? Not a farthing.
Manders(to MRS. ALVING, in a questioning tare). But
Engstrand. Ah, yes!wait a bit; I remember now. Joanna did have a trifle of money, you are quite right.
But I didn't want to know anything about that. "Fie," I said, "on the mammon of unrighteousness, it's the price
of your sin; as for this tainted gold"or notes, or whatever it was"we will throw it back in the American's
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face," I said. But he had gone away and disappeared on the stormy seas, your reverence.
Manders. Was that how it was, my good fellow?
Engstrand. It was, sir. So then Joanna and I decided that the money should go towards the child's
bringingup, and that's what became of it; and I can give a faithful account of every single penny of it.
Manders. This alters the complexion of the affair very considerably.
Engstrand. That's how it was, your reverence. And I make bold to say that I have been a good father to
Reginaas far as was in my powerfor I am a poor erring mortal, alas!
Manders. There, there, my dear Engstrand.
Engstrand. Yes, I do make bold to say that I brought up the child, and made my poor Joanna a loving and
careful husband, as the Bible says we ought. But it never occurred to me to go to your reverence and claim
credit for it or boast about it because I had done one good deed in this world. No; when Jacob Engstrand does
a thing like that, he holds his tongue about it. Unfortunately it doesn't often happen, I know that only too well.
And whenever I do come to see your reverence, I never seem to have anything but trouble and wickedness to
talk about. Because, as I said just nowand I say it againconscience can be very hard on us sometimes.
Manders. Give me your hand, Jacob Engstrand,
Engstrand. Oh, sir, I don't like
Manders. No nonsense, (Grasps his hand.) That's it!
Engstrand. And may I make bold humbly to beg your reverence's pardon
Manders. You? On the contrary it is for me to beg your pardon
Engstrand. Oh no, sir.
Manders. Yes, certainly it is, and I do it with my whole heart. Forgive me for having so much misjudged
you. And I assure you that if I can do anything for you to prove my sincere regret and my goodwill towards
you
Engstrand. Do you mean it, sir?
Manders. It would give me the greatest pleasure.
Engstrand. As a matter of fact, sir, you could do it now. I am thinking of using the honest money I have put
away out of my wages up here, in establishing a sort of Sailors' Home in the town.
Mrs. Alving. You?
Engstrand. Yes, to be a sort of Refuge, as it were, There are such manifold temptations lying in wait for
sailor men when they are roaming about on shore. But my idea is that in this house of mine they should have
a sort of parental care looking after them.
Menders. What do you say to that, Mrs. Alving!
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Engstrand. I haven't much to begin such a work with, I know; but Heaven might prosper it, and if I found
any helping hand stretched out to me, then
Manders. Quite so; we will talk over the matter further. Your project attracts me enormously. But in the
meantime go back to the Orphanage and put everything tidy and light the lights, so that the occasion may
seem a little solemn. And then we will spend a little edifying time together, my dear Engstrand, for now I am
sure you are in a suitable frame of mind.
Engstrand. I believe I am, sir, truly. Goodbye, then, Mrs. Alving, and thank you for all your kindness; and
take good care of Regina for me. (Wipes a tear from his eye.) Poor Joanna's child it is an extraordinary
thing, but she seems to have grown into my life and to hold me by the heartstrings. That's how I feel about it,
truly. (Bows, and goes out.)
Manders. Now then, what do you think of him, Mrs Alving! That was quite another explanation that he gave
us.
Mrs. Alving. It was, indeed.
Manders. There, you see how exceedingly careful we ought to be in condemning our fellowmen. But at the
same time it gives one genuine pleasure to find that one was mistaken. Don't you think so?
Mrs. Alving. What I think is that you are, and always will remain, a big baby, Mr. Manders.
Menders. I?
Mrs. Alving(laying her hands on his shoulders). And I think that I should like very much to give you a good
hug.
Manders(drawing beck hastily). No, no, good gracious! What an idea!
Mrs. Alving(with a smile). Oh, you needn't be afraid of me.
Manders(standing by the table). You choose such an extravagant way of expressing yourself sometimes.
Now I must get these papers together and put them in my bag. (Does so.) That's it. And now goodbye, for the
present. Keep your eyes open when Oswald comes back. I will come back and see you again presently.
(He takes his hat and goes out by the hall door. MRS. ALVING sighs, glances out of the window, puts one or
two things tidy in the room and turns to go into the diningroom. She stops in the doorway with a stifled cry.)
Mrs. Alving. Oswald, are you still sitting at table!
Oswald(from the diningroom). I am only finishing my cigar.
Mrs. Alving. I thought you had gone out for a little turn.
Oswald(from within the room). In weather like this? (A glass is heard clinking. MRS. ALVING leaves the
door open and sits down with her knitting on the couch by the window.) Wasn't that Mr. Manders that went
out just now?
Mrs. Alving. Yes, he has gone over to the Orphanage.
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Oswald. Oh. (The clink of a bottle on a glass is heard again.)
Mrs. Alving(with an uneasy expression.) Oswald, dear, you should be careful with that liqueur. It is strong.
Oswald. It's a good protective against the damp.
Mrs. Alving. Wouldn't you rather come in here?
Oswald. You know you don't like smoking in there.
Mrs. Alving. You may smoke a cigar in here, certainly.
Oswald. All right; I will come in, then. Just one drop more. There! (Comes in, smoking a cigar, and shuts the
door after him. A short silence.) Where has the parson gone?
Mrs. Alving. I told you he had gone over to the Orphanage.
Oswald. Oh, so you did.
Mrs. Alving. You shouldn't sit so long at table, Oswald,
Oswald(holding his cigar behind his back). But it's so nice and cosy, mother dear. (Caresses her with one
hand.) Think what it means to meto have come home; to sit at my mother's own table, in my mother's own
room, and to enjoy the charming meals she gives me.
Mrs. Alving. My dear, dear boy!
Oswald(a little impatiently, as he walks tip and down smoking.) And what else is there for me to do here? I
have no occupation
Mrs. Alving. No occupation?
Oswald. Not in this ghastly weather, when there isn't a blink of sunshine all day long. (Walks up and down
the floor.) Not to be able to work, it's!
Mrs. Alving. I don't believe you were wise to come home.
Oswald. Yes, mother; I had to.
Mrs. Alving. Because I would ten times rather give up the happiness of having you with me, sooner than that
you should
Oswald(standing still by the table). Tell me, motheris it really such a great happiness for you to have me
at home?
Mrs. Alving. Can you ask?
Oswald(crumpling up a newspaper). I should have thought it would have been pretty much the same to you
whether I were here or away.
Mrs. Alving. Have you the heart to say that to your mother, Oswald?
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Oswald. But you have been quite happy living without me so far.
Mrs. Alving. Yes, I have lived without youthat is true.
(A silence. The dusk falls by degrees. OSWALD walks restlessly up and down. He has laid aside his
cigar.) Oswald (stopping beside MRS. ALVING). Mother, may I sit on the couch beside you?
Mrs. Alving. Of course, my dear boy.
Oswald(sitting down). Now I must tell you something mother.
Mrs. Alving(anxiously). What?
Oswald(staring in front of him). I can't bear it any longer.
Mrs. Alving. Bear what? What do you mean?
Oswald(as before). I couldn't bring myself to write to you about it; and since I have been at home
Mrs. Alving(catching him by the arm). Oswald, what is it?
Oswald. Both yesterday and today I have tried to push my thoughts away from meto free myself from
them. But I can't.
Mrs. Alving(getting up). You must speak plainly, Oswald!
Oswald(drawing her down to her seat again). Sit still, and I will try and tell you. I have made a great deal of
the fatigue I felt after my journey
Mrs. Alving. Well, what of that?
Oswald. But that isn't what is the matter. It is no ordinary fatigue
Mrs. Alving(trying to get up). You are not ill, Oswald!
Oswald(pulling her down again). Sit still, mother. Do take it quietly. I am not exactly illnot ill in the usual
sense. (Takes his head in his hands.) Mother, it's my mind that has broken downgone to piecesI shall
never be able to work anymore! (Buries his face in his hands and throws himself at her knees in an outburst
of sobs.)
Mrs. Alving(pale and trembling). Oswald! Look at me! No, no, it isn't true!
Oswald(looking up with a distracted expression). Never to be able to work anymore! Nevernever! A
living death! Mother, can you imagine anything so horrible!
Mrs. Alving. My poor unhappy boy? How has this terrible thing happened?
Oswald(sitting up again). That is just what I cannot possibly understand. I have never lived recklessly, in any
sense. You must believe that of me, mother, I have never done that.
Mrs. Alving. I haven't a doubt of it, Oswald.
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Oswald. And yet this comes upon me all the same; this terrible disaster!
Mrs. Alving. Oh, but it will all come right again, my dear precious boy. It is nothing but overwork. Believe
me, that is so.
Oswald(dully). I thought so too, at first; but it isn't so.
Mrs. Alving. Tell me all about it.
Oswald. Yes, I will.
Mrs. Alving. When did you first feel anything?
Oswald. It was just after I had been home last time and had got back to Paris. I began to feel the most violent
pains in my head mostly at the back, I think. It was as if a tight band of iron was pressing on me from my
neck upwards.
Mrs. Alving. And then?
Oswald. At first I thought it was nothing but the headaches I always used to be so much troubled with while I
was growing.
Mrs. Alving. Yes, yes.
Oswald. But it wasn't; I soon saw that. I couldn't work any longer. I would try and start some big new
picture; but it seemed as if all my faculties had forsaken me, as if all my strengths were paralysed. I couldn't
manage to collect my thoughts; my head seemed to swimeverything went round and round. It was a
horrible feeling! At last I sent for a doctorand from him I learned the truth.
Mrs. Alving. In what way, do you mean?
Oswald. He was one of the best doctors there. He made me describe what I felt, and then he began to ask me
a whole heap of questions which seemed to me to have nothing to do with the matter. I couldn't see what he
was driving at
Mrs. Alving. Well?
Oswald. At last he said: "You have had the canker of disease in you practically from your birth"the actual
word he used was "vermoulu"...
Mrs. Alving(anxiously). What did he mean by that? Oswald. I couldn't understand, eitherand I asked him
for a clearer explanation, And then the old cynic said(clenching his fist). Oh!
Mrs. Alving. What did he say?
Oswald. He said: "The sins of the fathers are visited on the children."
Mrs. Alving(getting up slowly). The sins of the fathers!
Oswald. I nearly struck him in the face.
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Mrs. Alving(walking across the room). The sins of the fathers!
Oswald(smiling sadly). Yes, just imagine! Naturally I assured him that what he thought was impossible. But
do you think he paid any heed to me? No, he persisted in his opinion; and it was only when I got out your
letters and translated to him all the passages that referred to my father
Mrs. Alving. Well, and then?
Oswald. Well, then of course he had to admit that he was on the wrong track; and then I learned the truth
the incomprehensible truth! I ought to have had nothing to do with the joyous happy life I had lived with my
comrades. It had been too much for my strength. So it was my own fault!
Mrs. Alving. No, no, Oswald! Don't believe that
Oswald. There was no other explanation of it possible, he said. That is the most horrible part of it. My whole
life incurably ruinedjust because of my own imprudence. All that I wanted to do in the world=not to dare
to think of it any morenot to be able to think of it! Oh! if only I could live my life over againif only I
could undo what I have done! (Throws himself on his face on the couch. MRS. ALVING wrings her hands,
and walks up and down silently fighting with herself.)
Oswald(looks up after a while, raising himself on his elbows). If only it had been something I had
inheritedsomething I could not help. But, instead of that, to have disgracefully, stupidly, thoughtlessly
thrown away one's happiness, one's health, everything in the worldone's future, one's life!
Mrs. Alving. No, no, my darling boy; that is impossible! (Bending over him.) Things are not so desperate as
you think.
Oswald. Ah, you don't know(Springs up.) And to think, mother, that I should bring all this sorrow upon
you! Many a time I have almost wished and hoped that you really did not care so very much for me.
Mrs. Alving. I, Oswald? My only son! All that I have in the world! The only thing I care about!
Oswald(taking hold of her hands and kissing them). Yes, yes, I know that is so. When I am at home I know
that is true. And that is one of the hardest parts of it to me. But now you know all about it; and now we won't
talk anymore about it today. I can't stand thinking about it long at a time. (Walks across the room.) Let me
have something to drink, mother!
Mrs. Alving. To drink? What do you want?
Oswald. Oh, anything you like. I suppose you have got some punch in the house.
Mrs. Alving. Yes, but my dear Oswald!
Oswald. Don't tell me I mustn't, mother. Do be nice! I must have something to drown these gnawing
thoughts. (Goes into the conservatory.) And howhow gloomy it is here! (MRS. ALVING rings the
bell.) And this incessant rain. It may go on week after week a whole month. Never a ray of sunshine. I
don't remember ever having seen the sunshine once when I have been at home.
Mrs. Alving. Oswaldyou are thinking of going away from me!
Oswald. Hm!(sighs deeply). I am not thinking about anything. I can't think about anything! (In a low
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voice.) I have to let that alone.
Regina(coming from the diningroom). Did you ring, ma'am?
Mrs. Alving. Yes, let us have the lamp in.
Regina. In a moment, ma'am; it is all ready lit. (Goes out.)
Mrs. Alving(going up to OSWALD). Oswald, don't keep anything back from me.
Oswald. I don't, mother. (Goes to the table.) It seems to me I have told you a good lot.
(REGINA brings the lamp and puts it upon the table.)
Mrs. Alving. Regina, you might bring us a small bottle of champagne.
Regina. Yes, ma'am. (Goes out.)
Oswald(taking hold of his mother's face). That's right; I knew my mother wouldn't let her son go thirsty.
Mrs, Alving. My poor dear boy, how could I refuse you anything now?
Oswald(eagerly). Is that true, mother? Do you mean it?
Mrs. Alving. Mean what?
Oswald. That you couldn't deny me anything?
Mrs. Alving. My dear Oswald
Oswald. Hush!
(REGINA brings in a tray with a small bottle of champagne and two glasses, which she puts on the table.)
Regina. Shall I open the bottle?
Oswald. No, thank you, I will do it. (REGINA goes out.)
Mrs, Alving (sitting clown at the table). What did you mean, when you asked if I could refuse you nothing?
Oswald(busy opening the bottle). Let us have a glass firstor two.
(He draws the cork, fills one glass and is going to fill the other.)
Mrs. Alving(holding her hand over the second glass) No, thanks not for me.
Oswald. Oh, well, for me then! (He empties his glass, fills it again and empties it; then sits down at the table.)
Mrs. Alving(expectantly). Now, tell me.
Oswald(without looking at her). Tell me this; I thought you and Mr. Manders seemed so strangeso
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quietat dinner.
Mrs. Alving. Did you notice that?
Oswald. Yes. Ahem! (After a short pause.) Tell mewhat do you think of Regina?
Mrs. Alving. What do I think of her?
Oswald. Yes, isn't she splendid!
Mrs. Alving. Dear Oswald, you don't know her as well as I do
Oswald. What of that?
Mrs. Alving. Regina was too long at home, unfortunately. I ought to have taken her under my charge sooner.
Oswald. Yes, but isn't she splendid to look at, mother? (Fills his glass,)
Mrs. Alving. Regina has many serious faults
Oswald. Yes, but what of that? (Drinks.)
Mrs. Alving. But I am fond of her, all the same; and I have made myself responsible for her. I wouldn't for
the world she should come to any harm.
Oswald(jumping up). Mother, Regina is my only hope of salvation!
Mrs. Alving(getting up). What do you mean?
Oswald. I can't go on bearing all this agony of mind alone.
Mrs. Alving, Haven't you your mother to help you to bear it?
Oswald. Yes, I thought so; that was why I came home to you. But it is no use; I see that it isn't. I cannot
spend my life here.
Mrs. Alving. Oswald!
Oswald. I must live a different sort of life, mother; so I shall have to go away from you, I don't want you
watching it.
Mrs. Alving. My unhappy boy! But, Oswald, as long as you are ill like this
Oswald. If it was only a matter of feeling ill, I would stay with you, mother. You are the best friend I have in
the world.
Mrs. Alving. Yes, I am that, Oswald, am I not?
Oswald(walking restlessly about). But all this tormentthe regret, the remorseand the deadly fear.
Ohthis horrible fear!
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Mrs. Alving(following him). Fear? Fear of what? What do you mean?
Oswald. Oh, don't ask me any more about it. I don't know what it is. I can't put it into words. (MRS. ALVING
crosses the room and rings the bell.) What do you want?
Mrs. Alving. I want my boy to be happy, that's what I want. He mustn't brood over anything. (To REGINA,
who has come to the door.) More champagne a large bottle.
Oswald. Mother!
Mrs. Alving. Do you think we country people don't know how to live?
Oswald. Isn't she splendid to look at? What a figure! And the picture of health!
Mrs. Alving(sitting down at the table). Sit down, Oswald, and let us have a quiet talk.
Oswald(sitting down). You don't know, mother, that I owe Regina a little reparation.
Mrs. Alving. You!
Oswald. Oh, it was only a little thoughtlessnesscall it what you like. Something quite innocent, anyway.
The last time I was home
Mrs. Alving. Yes?
Oswald. she used often to ask me questions about Paris, and I told her one thing and another about the life
there. And I remember saying one day: "Wouldn't you like to go there yourself?"
Mrs. Alving. Well?
Oswald. I saw her blush, and she said: "Yes, I should like to very much." "All right." I said, "I daresay it
might be managed" or something of that sort.
Mrs. Alving. And then?
Oswald. I naturally had forgotten all about it; but the day before yesterday I happened to ask her if she was
glad I was to be so long at home
Mrs. Alving. Well?
Oswald. and she looked so queerly at me, and asked: "But what is to become of my trip to Paris? "
Mrs. Alving. Her trip!
Oswald. And then I got it out of her that she had taken the thing seriously, and had been thinking about me
all the time, and had set herself to learn French
Mrs. Alving. So that was why
Oswald. Motherwhen I saw this fine, splendid, handsome girl standing there in front of meI had never
paid any attention to her before thenbut now, when she stood there as if with open arms ready for me to
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take her to myself
Mrs. Alving. Oswald!
Oswald. then I realised that my salvation lay in her, for I saw the joy of life in her!
Mrs. Alving(starting back). The joy of life? Is there salvation in that?
Regina(coming in from the diningroom with a bottle of champagne). Excuse me for being so long; but I had
to go to the cellar. (Puts the bottle down on the table.)
Oswald. Bring another glass, too.
Regina(looking at him in astonishment). The mistress's glass is there, sir.
Oswald. Yes, but fetch one for yourself, Regina (REGINA starts, and gives a quick shy glance at MRS.
ALVING.) Well?
Regina(in a low and hesitating voice). Do you wish me to, ma'am?
Mrs. Alving. Fetch the glass, Regina. (REGINA goes into the diningroom.)
Oswald(looking after her). Have you noticed how well she walks? so firmly and confidently!
Mrs. Alving. It cannot be, Oswald.
Oswald. It is settled. You must see that. It is no use forbidding it. (REGINA comes in with a gloss, which she
holds in her hand.) Sit down, Regina. (REGINA looks questioningly at MRS. ALVING.)
Mrs. Alving. Sit down. (REGINA sits down on a chair near the diningroom door, still holding the glass in
her hand.) Oswald, what was it you were saying about the joy of life?
Oswald. Ah, motherthe joy of life! You don't know very much about that at home here. I shall never
realise it here.
Mrs. Alving. Not even when you are with me?
Oswald. Never at home. But you can't understand that.
Mrs. Alving. Yes, indeed I almost think I do understand you now.
Oswald. Thatand the joy of work. They are really the same thing at bottom. Put you don't know anything
about that either.
Mrs. Alving. Perhaps you are right. Tell me some more about it, Oswald.
Oswald. Well, all I mean is that here people are brought up to believe that work is a curse and a punishment
for sin, and that life is a state of wretchedness and that the sooner we can get out of it the better.
Mrs. Alving. A vale of tears, yes. And we quite conscientiously make it so.
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Oswald. But the people over there will have none of that. There is no one there who really believes doctrines
of that kind any longer. Over there the mere fact of being alive is thought to be a matter for exultant
happiness. Mother, have you noticed that everything I have painted has turned upon the joy of life? always
upon the joy of life, unfailingly. There is light there, and sunshine, and a holiday feelingand people's faces
beaming with happiness. That is why I am afraid to stay at home here with you.
Mrs. Alving. Afraid? What are you afraid of here, with me?
Oswald. I am afraid that all these feelings that are so strong in me would degenerate into something ugly
here.
Mrs. Alving(looking steadily at him). Do you think that is what would happen?
Oswald. I am certain it would. Even if one lived the same life at home here, as over thereit would never
really be the same life.
Mrs. Alving(who has listened anxiously to him, gets up with a thoughtful expression and says:) Now I see
clearly how it all happened.
Oswald. What do you see?
Mrs. Alving. I see it now for the first time. And now I can speak.
Oswald(getting up). Mother, I don't understand you.
Regina(who has got up also). Perhaps I had better go.
Mrs. Alving. No, stay here. Now I can speak. Now, my son, you shall know the whole truth. Oswald!
Regina!
Oswald. Hush!here is the parson.
(MANDERS comes in by the hall door.)
Manders. Well, my friends, we have been spending an edifying time over there.
Oswald. So have we.
Manders. Engstrand must have help with his Sailors Home. Regina must go home with him and give him her
assistance.
Regina. No, thank you, Mr. Manders.
Manders(perceiving her for the first time). What?You in here? and with a wineglass in your hand!
Regina(putting down the glass hastily). I beg your pardon!
Oswald. Regina is going away with me, Mr. Manders.
Manders. Going away! With you!
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Oswald. Yes, as my wifeif she insists on that.
Manders. But, good heavens!
Regina. It is not my fault, Mr. Manders.
Oswald. Or else she stays here if I stay.
Regina(involuntarily). Here!
Manders. I am amazed at you, Mrs. Alving.
Mrs. Alving. Neither of those things will happen, for now I can speak openly.
Manders. But you won't do that! No, no, no!
Mrs. Alving. Yes, I can and I will. And without destroying anyone's ideals.
Oswald. Mother, what is it that is being concealed from me?
Regina(listening). Mrs. Alving! Listen! They are shouting outside.
(Goes into the conservatory and looks out.)
Oswald(going to the window on the left). What can be the matter? Where does that glare come from?
Regina(calls out). The Orphanage is on fire!
Mrs. Alving(going to the window). On fire?
Manders. On fire? Impossible. I was there just a moment ago.
Oswald. Where is my hat? Oh, never mind that. Father's Orphanage!
(Runs out through the garden door.)
Mrs. Alving. My shawl, Regina! The whole place is in flames.
Manders. How terrible! Mrs. Alving, that fire is a judgment on this house of sin!
Mrs. Alving. Quite so. Come, Regina.
(She and REGINA hurry out.)
Manders(clasping his hands). And no insurance! (Follows them out.)
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ACT III
(The same scene. All the doors are standing open. The lamp is still burning on the table. It is dark outside,
except for a faint glimmer of light seen through the windows at the back. MRS. ALVING, with a shawl over
her head, is standing in the conservatory, looking out. REGINA, also wrapped in a shawl, is standing a little
behind her.)
Mrs. Alving. Everything bureddown to the ground.
Regina. It is burning still in the basement.
Mrs. Alving. I can't think why Oswald doesn't come hack. There is no chance of saving anything.
Regina. Shall I go and take his hat to him?
Mrs. Alving. Hasn't he even got his hat?
Regina(pointing to the hall). No, there it is, hanging up.
Mrs. Alving. Never mind. He is sure to come back soon. I will go and see what he is doing. (Goes out by the
garden door. MANDERS comes in from the hall.)
Manders. Isn't Mrs. Alving here?
Regina. She has just this moment gone down into the garden.
Manders. I have never spent such a terrible night in my life.
Regina. Isn't it a shocking misfortune, sir!
Manders. Oh, don't speak about it. I scarcely dare to think about it.
Regina. But how can it have happened?
Manders. Don't ask me, Miss Engstrand! How should I know? Are you going to suggest too? Isn't it
enough that your father?
Regina. What has he done?
Manders. He has nearly driven me crazy.
Engstrand(coming in from the hall). Mr. Manders!
Manders(turning round with a start). Have you ever followed me here!
Engstrand. Yes, God help us all! Great heavens! What a dreadful thing, your reverence!
Manders(walking u¢ and down). Oh dear, oh dear!
Regina. What do you mean?
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Engstrand. Our little prayermeeting was the cause of it all, don't you see? (Aside, to REGINA.) Now we've
got the old fool, my girl. (Aloud.) And to think it is my fault that Mr. Manders should be the cause of such a
thing!
Manders. I assure you, Engstrand
Engstrand. But there was no one else carrying a light there except you, sir.
Manders(standing still). Yes, so you say. But I have no clear recollection of having had a light in my hand.
Engstrand. But I saw quite distinctly your reverence take a candle and snuff it with your fingers and throw
away the burning bit of wick among the shavings.
Manders. Did you see that?
Engstrand. Yes, distinctly.
Manders. I can't understand it at all. It is never my habit to snuff a candle with my fingers.
Engstrand. Yes, it wasn't like you to do that, sir. But, who would have thought it could be such a dangerous
thing to do?
Manders(walking restlessly backwards and forwards) Oh, don't ask me!
Engstrand(following him about). And you hadn't insured it either, had you, sir?
Manders. No, no, no; you heard me say so.
Engstrand. You hadn't insured itand then went and set light to the whole place! Good Lord, what bad
luck!
Manders(wiping the perspiration from his forehead). You may well say so, Engstrand.
Engstrand. And that it should happen to a charitable institution that would have been of service both to the
town and the country, so to speak! The newspapers won't be very kind to your reverence, I expect.
Manders. No, that is just what I am thinking of. It is almost the worst part of the whole thing. The spiteful
attacks and accusationsit is horrible to think of!
Mrs. Alving(coming in from the garden). I can't get him away from the fire.
Manders. Oh, there you are, Mrs. Alving.
Mrs. Alving. You will escape having to make your inaugural address now, at all events, Mr. Manders.
Manders. Oh, I would so gladly have
Mrs. Alving(in a dull voice). It is just as well it has happened. This Orphanage would never have come to
any good.
Manders. Don't you think so?
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Mrs. Alving. Do you?
Manders. But it is none the less an extraordinary piece of ill luck.
Mrs: Alving. We will discuss it simply as a business matter. Are you waiting for Mr. Manders, Engstrand?
Engstrand(at the hall door). Yes, I am.
Mrs. Alving. Sit down then, while you are waiting.
Engstrand. Thank you, I would rather stand.
Mrs. Alving(to MANDERS). I suppose you are going by the boat?
Manders. Yes: It goes in about an hour
Mrs. Alving. Please take all the documents back with you. I don't want to hear another word about the
matter. I have something else to think about now.
Manders. Mrs. Alving
Mrs. Alving. Later on I will send you a power of attorney to deal with it exactly as you please.
Manders. I shall be most happy to undertake that; I am afraid the original intention of the bequest will have
to be entirely altered now.
Mrs. Alving. Of course.
Meanders. Provisionally, I should suggest this way of disposing of it: Make over the Solvik property to the
parish. The land is undoubtedly not without a certain value; it will always be useful for some purpose or
another. And as for the interest on the remaining capital that is on deposit in the bank, possibly I might make
suitable use of that in support of some undertaking that promises to be of use to the town.
Mrs. Alving. Do exactly as you please. The whole thing is a matter of indifference to me now.
Engstrand. You will think of my Sailors' Home, Mr, Manders?
Manders. Yes, certainly, that is a suggestion. But we must consider the matter carefully.
Engstrand(aside). Consider!devil take it! Oh Lord.
Manders(sighing). And unfortunately I can't tell how much longer I may have anything to do with the
matterwhether public opinion may not force me to retire from it altogether. That depends entirely upon the
result of the inquiry into the cause of the fire.
Mrs. Alving. What do you say?
Manders. And one cannot in any way reckon upon the result beforehand.
Engstrand(going nearer to him). Yes, indeed one can; because here stand I, Jacob Engstrand.
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Manders. Quite so, but
Engstrand(lowering his voice). And Jacob Engstrand isn't the man to desert a worthy benefactor in the hour
of need, as the saying is.
Manders. Yes, but, my dear fellowhow?
Engstrand. You might say Jacob Engstrand is an angel of salvation, so to speak, your reverence.
Manders. No, no, I couldn't possibly accept that.
Engstrand. That's how it will be, all the same. I know someone who has taken the blame for someone else on
his shoulders before now, I do.
Manders. Jacob! (Grasps his hand.) You are one in a thousand! You shall have assistance in the matter of
your Sailors' Home, you may rely upon that.
(ENGSTRAND tries to thank him, but is prevented by emotion.)
Manders(hanging his wallet over his shoulder). Now we must be off. We will travel together.
Engstrand(by the diningroom door, says aside to REGINA). Come with me, you hussy! You shall be as
cosy as the yolk in an egg!
Regina(tossing her head). Merci!
(She goes out into the hall and brings back MANDERS' luggage.)
Manders. Goodbye, Mrs. Alving! And may the spirit of order and of what is lawful speedily enter into this
house.
Mrs. Alving. Goodbye, Mr. Manders.
(She goes into the conservatory, as she sees OSWALD coming in by the garden door.)
Engstrand(as he and REGINA are helping MANDERS on with his coat). Goodbye, my child. And if
anything should happen to you, you know where Jacob Engstrand is to be found. (Lowering his voice.) Little
Harbour Street, ahem! (To MRS. ALVING and OSWALD.) And my house for poor seafaring men shall be
called the "Alving Home," it shall. And, if I can carry out my own ideas about it, I shall make bold to hope
that it may be worthy of bearing the late Mr. Alving's name.
Manders(at the door). Ahemahem! Come along, my dear Engstrand. Goodbyegoodbye!
(He and ENGSTRAND go out by the hall door.)
Oswald(going to the table). What house was he speaking about?
Mrs. Alving. I believe it is some sort of a Home that he and Mr. Manders want to start.
Oswald. It will be burned up just like this one.
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Mrs. Alving. What makes you think that?
Oswald. Everything will be burned up; nothing will be left that is in memory of my father. Here am I being
burned up, too.
(REGINA looks at him in alarm.)
Mrs. Alving. Oswald! You should not have stayed so long over there, my poor boy.
Oswald(sitting down at the table). I almost believe you are right.
Mrs: Alving. Let me dry your face, Oswald; you are all wet. (Wipes his face with her handkerchief.)
Oswald(looking straight before him, with no expression in his eyes). Thank you, mother.
Mrs. Alving. And aren't you tired, Oswald? Don't you want to go to sleep?
Oswald(uneasily). No, nonot to sleep! I never sleep; I only pretend to. (Gloomily.) That will come soon
enough.
Mrs. Alving(looking at him anxiously). Anyhow you are really ill, my darling boy.
Regina(intently). Is Mr. Alving ill?
Oswald(impatiently). And do shut all the doors! This deadly fear
Mrs. Alving. Shut the doors, Regina. (REGINA shuts the doors and remains standing by the hall door. MRS,
ALVING takes off her shawl; REGINA does the same. MRS. ALVING draws up a chair near to OSWALD'S
and sits down beside him.) That's it! Now I will sit beside you
Oswald. Yes, do. And Regina must stay in here too; Regina must always be near me. You must give me a
helping hand, you know, Regina. Won't you do that?
Regina. I don't understand
Mrs. Alving. A helping hand?
Oswald. Yeswhen there is need for it.
Mrs: Alving. Oswald, have you not your mother to give you a helping hand?
Oswald. You? (Smiles.) No, mother, you will never give me the kind of helping hand I mean. (Laughs
grimly.) You! Ha, ha! (Looks gravely at her.) After all, you have the best right. (Impetuously.) Why don't you
call me by my Christian name, Regina? Why don't you say Oswald?
Regina(in a low voice). I did not think Mrs. Alving would like it.
Mrs. Alving. It will not be long before you have the right to do it. Sit down here now beside us, too.
(REGINA sits down quietly and hesitatingly at the other side of the table.) And now, my poor tortured boy, I
am going to take the burden off your mind
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Oswald. You, mother?
Mrs. Alving. all that you call remorse and regret and self reproach.
Oswald. And you think you can do that?
Mrs. Alving. Yes, now I can, Oswald. A little while ago you were talking about the joy of life, and what you
said seemed to shed a new light upon everything in my whole life.
Oswald(shaking his head). I don't in the least understand what you mean.
Mrs. Alving. You should have known your father in his young days in the army. He was full of the joy of
life, I can tell you.
Oswald. Yes, I know.
Mrs. Alving. It gave me a holiday feeling only to look at him, full of irrepressible energy and exuberant
spirits.
Oswald. What then?
Mrs. Alving, Well, then this boy, full of the joy of lifefor he was just like a boy, thenhad to make his
home in a secondrate town which had none of the joy of life to offer him, but only dissipations. He had to
come out here and live an aimless life; he had only an official post. He had no work worth devoting his whole
mind to; he had nothing more than official routine to attend to. He had not a single companion capable of
appreciating what the joy of life meant; nothing but idlers and tipplers...
Oswald. Mother!
Mrs. Alving. And so the inevitable happened!
Oswald. What was the inevitable?
Mrs. Alving. You said yourself this evening what would happen in your case if you stayed at home.
Oswald. Do you mean by that, that father?
Mrs. Alving. Your poor father never found any outlet for the overmastering joy of life that was in him. And I
brought no holiday spirit into his home, either.
Oswald. You didn't, either?
Mrs. Alving. I had been taught about duty, and the sort of thing that I believed in so long here. Everything
seemed to turn upon dutymy duty, or his dutyand I am afraid I made your poor father's home unbearable
to him, Oswald.
Oswald. Why didn't you ever say anything about it to me in your letters?
Mrs. Alving. I never looked at it as a thing I could speak of to you, who were his son.
Oswald. What way did you look at it, then?
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Mrs. Alving. I only saw the one fact, that your father was a lost man before ever you were born.
Oswald(in a choking voice). Ah! (He gets up and goes to the window.)
Mrs. Alving. And then I had the one thought in my mind, day and night, that Regina in fact had as good a
right in this houseas my own boy had.
Oswald(turns round suddenly), Regina?
Regina(gets up and asks in choking tones). I?
Mrs. Alving. Yes, now you both know it.
Oswald. Regina!
Regina(to herself). So mother was one of that sort too.
Mrs. Alving. Your mother had many good qualities, Regina.
Regina. Yes, but she was one of that sort too, all the same. I have even thought so myself, sometimes, but.
Then, if you please, Mrs. Alving, may I have permission to leave at once?
Mrs. Alving. Do you really wish to, Regina?
Regina. Yes, indeed, I certainly wish to.
Mrs. Alving. Of course you shall do as you like, but
Oswald(going up to REGINA). Leave now? This is your home.
Regina. Merci, Mr. Alvingoh, of course I may say Oswald now, but that is not the way I thought it would
become allowable.
Mrs. Alving. Regina, I have not been open with you
Regina. No, I can't say you have! If I had known Oswald was ill And now that there can never be anything
serious between us. No, I really can't stay here in the country and wear myself out looking after invalids.
Oswald. Not even for the sake of one who has so near a claim on you?
Regina. No, indeed I can't. A poor girl must make some use of her youth, otherwise she may easily land
herself out in the cold before she knows where she is. And I have got the joy of life in me too, Mrs. Alving!
Mrs. Alving. Yes, unfortunately; but don't throw yourself away, Regina.
Regina. Oh, what's going to happen will happen. If Oswald takes after his father, it is just as likely I take
after my mother, I expect.May I ask, Mrs. Alving, whether Mr. Manders knows this about me?
Mrs. Alving. Mr. Manders knows everything.
Regina(putting on her shawl). Oh, well then, the best thing I can do is to get away by the boat as soon as I
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can. Mr. Manders is such a nice gentleman to deal with; and it certainly seems to me that I have just as much
right to some of that money as heas that horrid carpenter.
Mrs. Alving. You are quite welcome to it, Regina.
Regina(looking at her fixedly). You might as well have brought me up like a gentleman's daughter; it would
have been more suitable. (Tosses her head.) Oh, wellnever mind! (With a bitter glance at the unopened
bottle.) I daresay someday I shall be drinking champagne with gentlefolk, after all.
Mrs. Alving. If ever you need a home, Regina, come to me.
Regina. No, thank you, Mrs. Alving. Mr. Manders takes an interest in me, I know. And if things should go
very badly with me, I know one house at any rate where I shall feel at home.
Mrs. Alving. Where is that?
Regina. In the "Alving Home."
Mrs. Alving. ReginaI can see quite wellyou are going to your ruin!
Regina. Pooh!goodbye.
(She bows to them and goes out through the hall.)
Oswald(standing by the window and looking out). Has she gone?
Mrs. Alving. Yes.
Oswald(muttering to himself). I think it's all wrong.
Mrs. Alving(going up to him from behind and putting her hands on his shoulders). Oswald, my dear
boyhas it been a great shock to you?
Oswald(turning his face towards her). All this about father, do you mean?
Mrs. Alving. Yes, about your unhappy father. I am so afraid it may have been too much for you.
Oswald. What makes you think that? Naturally it has taken me entirely by surprise; but, after all, I don't
know that it matters much to me.
Mrs. Alving(drawing back her hands). Doesn't matter!that your father's life was such a terrible failure!
Oswald. Of course I can feel sympathy for him, just as I would for anyone else, but
Mrs. Alving. No more than that! For your own father!
Oswald(impatiently). Fatherfather! I never knew anything of my father. I don't remember anything else
about him except that he once made me sick.
Mrs. Alving. It is dreadful to think of!But surely a child should feel some affection for his father,
whatever happens?
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Oswald. When the child has nothing to thank his father for? When he has never known him? Do you really
cling to that antiquated superstitionyou, who are so broadminded in other things?
Mrs. Alving. You call it nothing but a superstition!
Oswald. Yes, and you can see that for yourself quite well, mother. It is one of those beliefs that are put into
circulation in the world, and
Mrs. Alving. Ghosts of beliefs!
Oswald(walking across the room). Yes, you might call them ghosts.
Mrs. Alving(with an outburst of feeling). Oswald! then you don't love me either!
Oswald. You I know, at any rate
Mrs. Alving. You know me, yes; but is that all?
Oswald. And I know how fond you are of me, and I ought to be grateful to you for that. Besides, you can be
so tremendously useful to me, now that I am ill.
Mrs. Alving. Yes, can't I, Oswald! I could almost bless your illness, as it has driven you home to me. For I
see quite well that you are not my very own yet; you must be won.
Oswald(impatiently). Yes, yes, yes; all that is just a way of talking. You must remember I am a sick man,
mother. I can't concern myself much with anyone else; I have enough to do, thinking about myself.
Mrs. Alving(gently). I will be very good and patient.
Oswald. And cheerful too, mother!
Mrs. Alving. Yes, my dear boy, you are quite right. (Goes up to him.) Now have I taken away all your
remorse and selfreproach?
Oswald. Yes, you have done that. But who will take away the fear?
Mrs. Alving. The fear?
Oswald(crossing the room). Regina would have done it for one kind word.
Mrs. Alving. I don't understand you. What fear do you meanand what has Regina to do with it?
Oswald. Is it very late, mother?
Mrs. Alving. It is early morning. (Looks out through the conservatory windows.) The dawn is breaking
already on the heights. And the sky is clear, Oswald. In a little while you will see the sun.
Oswald. I am glad of that. After all, there may be many things yet for me to be glad of and to live for
Mrs. Alving. I should hope so!
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Oswald. Even if I am not able to work
Mrs. Alving. You will soon find you are able to work again now, my dear boy. You have no longer all those
painful depressing thoughts to brood over.
Oswald. No, it is a good thing that you have been able to rid me of those fancies; if only, now, I could
overcome this one thing (Sits down on the couch.) Let us have a little chat, mother.
Mrs. Alving. Yes, let us. (Pushes an armchair near to the couch and sits down beside him.)
Oswald. The sun is risingand you know all about it; so I don't feel the fear any longer.
Mrs. Alving. I know all about what?
Oswald(without listening to her). Mother, isn't it the case that you said this evening there was nothing in the
world you would not do for me if I asked you?
Mrs. Alving. Yes, certainly I said so.
Oswald. And will you be as good as your word, mother?
Mrs. Alving. You may rely upon that, my own dear boy. I have nothing else to live for, but you.
Oswald. Yes, yes; well, listen to me, mother, You are very strongminded, I know. I want you to sit quite
quiet when you hear what I am going to tell you,
Mrs. Alving. But what is this dreadful thing?
Oswald. You mustn't scream. Do you hear? Will you promise me that? We are going to sit and talk it over
quite quietly. Will you promise me that, mother?
Mrs. Alving. Yes, yes, I promiseonly tell me what it is.
Oswald. Well, then, you must know that this fatigue of mineand my mot being able to think about my
workall that is not really the illness itself
Mrs. Alving. What is the illness itself?
Oswald. What I am suffering from is hereditary; it(touches his forehead, and speaks very quietly)it lies
here.
Mrs. Alving(almost speechless). Oswald! Nono!
Oswald. Don't scream; I can't stand it. Yes, I tell you, it lies here, waiting. And any time, any moment, it may
break out.
Mrs. Alving. How horrible!
Oswald. Do keep quiet. That is the state I am in
Mrs. Alving(springing up). It isn't true, Oswald! It is impossible! It can't be that!
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Oswald. I had one attack while I was abroad. It passed off quickly. But when I learned the condition I had
been in, then this dreadful haunting fear took possession of me.
Mrs. Alving. That was the fear, then
Oswald. Yes, it is so indescribably horrible, you know If only it had been an ordinary mortal disease. I am
not so much afraid of dying; though, of course, I should like to live as long as I can.
Mrs. Alving. Yes, yes, Oswald, you must!
Oswald. But this is so appallingly horrible. To become like a helpless child againto have to be fed, to have
to be. Oh, it's unspeakable!
Mrs. Alving. My child has his mother to tend him.
Oswald(jumping up). No, never; that is just what I won't endure! I dare not think what it would mean to
linger on like that for yearsto get old and grey like that. And you might die before I did. (Sits down in
MRS. ALVING'S chair.) Because it doesn't necessarily have a fatal end quickly, the doctor said; he called it a
kind of softening of the brainor something of that sort. (Smiles mournfully.) I think that expression sounds
so nice. It always makes me think of cherrycoloured velvet curtains something that is soft to stroke.
Mrs. Alving(with a scream). Oswald!
Oswald(jumps up and walks about the room). And now you have taken Regina from me! If I had only had
her, she would have given me a helping hand, I know.
Mrs. Alving(going up to him). What do you mean, my darling boy? Is there any help in the world I would
not be willing to give you?
Oswald. When I had recovered from the attack I had abroad, the doctor told me that when it recurredand it
will recurthere would be no more hope.
Mrs. Alving. And he was heartless enough to
Oswald. I insisted on knowing. I told him I had arrangements to make. (Smiles cunningly.) And so I had.
(Takes a small box from his inner breastpocket.) Mother, do you see this?
Mrs. Alving. What is it?
Oswald. Morphia powders.
Mrs. Alving(looking at him in terror). Oswaldmy boy!
Oswald. I have twelve of them saved up
Mrs. Alving(snatching at it). Give me the box, Oswald!
Oswald. Not yet, mother. (Puts it lack in his pocket.)
Mrs. Alving. I shall never get over this!
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Oswald, You must. If I had had Regina here now, I would have told her quietly how things stand with
meand asked her to give me this last helping hand. She would have helped me, I am certain.
Mrs. Alving. Never!
Oswald. If this horrible thing had come upon me and she had seen me lying helpless, like a baby, past help,
past saving, past hopewith no chance of recovering
Mrs. Alving. Never in the world would Regina have done it.
Oswald. Regina would have done it. Regina was so splendidly lighthearted. And she would very soon have
tired of looking after an invalid like me.
Mrs. Alving. Then thank heaven Regina is not here!
Oswald. Well, now you have got to give me that helping hand, mother.
Mrs. Alving(with a loud scream). I!
Oswald. Who has a better right than you?
Mrs. Alving. I! Your mother!
Oswald. Just for that reason.
Mrs. Alving. I, who gave you your life!
Oswald, I never asked you for life. And what kind of a life was it that you gave me? I don't want it! You shall
take it back!
Mrs. Alving. Help! Help! (Runs into the hall.)
Oswald(following her). Don't leave me! Where are you going?
Mrs. Alving(in the hall). To fetch the doctor to you, Oswald! Let me out!
Oswald(going into the hall). You shan't go out. And no one shall come in. (Turns the key in the lock.)
Mrs. Alving(coming in again). Oswald! Oswald!my child!
Oswald(following her). Have you a mother's heartand can bear to see me suffering this unspeakable
terror?
Mrs. Alving(controlling herself, after a moment's silence). There is my hand on it.
Oswald. Will you?
Mrs. Alving. If it becomes necessary. But it shan't become necessary: No, noit is impossible it should!
Oswald. Let us hope so. And let us live together as long as we can. Thank you, mother.
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(He sits down in the armchair, which MRS. ALVING had moved beside the couch. Day is breaking; the lamp
is still burning on the table.)
Mrs. Alving(coming cautiously nearer). Do you feel calmer now?
Oswald. Yes.
Mrs. Alving(bending over him). It has only been a dreadful fancy of yours, Oswald. Nothing but fancy. All
this upset has been bad for you. But now you will get some rest, at home with your own mother, my darling
boy. You shall have everything you want, just as you did when you were a little child.There, now. The
attack is over. You see how easily it passed off! I knew it would.And look, Oswald, what a lovely day we
are going to have? Brilliant sunshine. Now you will be able to see your home properly. (She goes to the table
and puts out the lamp. It is sunrise. The glaciers and peaks in the distance are seen bathed in bright morning
fight.)
Oswald(who has been sitting motionless in the armchair, with his back to the scene outside, suddenly
says:) Mother, give me the sun.
Mrs. Alving(standing at the table, and looking at him in amazement). What do you say?
Oswald(repeats in a dull, toneless voice). The sunthe sun.
Mrs. Alving(going up to him). Oswald, what is the matter with you? (OSWALD seems to shrink up in the
chair; all his muscles relax; his face loses its expression, and his eyes stare stupidly. MRS. ALVING is
trembling with terror.) What is it! (Screams.) Oswald! What is the matter with you! (Throws herself on her
knees beside him and shakes him.) Oswald! Oswald! Look at me! Don't you know me!
Oswald(in an expressionless voice, as before). The sunthe sun.
Mrs. Alving(jumps up despairingly, beats her head with her hands, and screams). I can't bear it! (Whispers
as though paralysed with fear.) I can't bear it... I Never! (Suddenly.) Where has he got it? (Passes her hand
quickly over his coat.) Here! (Draws back a little spay and cries :) No, no, no!Yes!no, no! (She stands a
few steps from him, her hands thrust into her hair, and stares at him in speechless terror.)
Oswald(sitting motionless, as before). The sunthe sun.
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