The Saga of Grettir the Strong..........................................................................................................................1

Author unknown......................................................................................................................................1

I. THE FAMILY AND EARLY WARS OF ONUND THE SON OF OFEIG.......................................3

II. THE BATTLE OF HAFRSFJORD....................................................................................................3

III. MEETING OF DEFEATED CHIEFS IN THE WEST AND MARRIAGE OF ONUND ................4

IV. FIGHT WITH VIKINGS VIGBJOD AND VESTMAR ...................................................................5

V. VISIT OF ONUND AND THRAND TO EYVIND IN IRELAND...................................................6

VI. DEATH OF BJORN; DISPUTES OVER HIS PROPERTY IN NORWAY....................................6

VII. MURDER OF ONDOTT CROW, AND THE VENGEANCE THEREFOR ..................................7

VIII. ONUND AND ASMUND SAIL TO ICELAND...........................................................................8

IX. ONUND SETTLES IN KALDBAK.................................................................................................8

X. OFEIG GRETTIR IS KILLED. VISIT OF ONUND TO AUD THE DEEPMINDED...................9

XII. BATTLE AT RIFSKER .................................................................................................................10

NORWAY AND MARRIES TWICE...................................................................................................12

XIV. ASMUND'S CHILDREN. GRETTIR'S CHILDH00D................................................................13

XV. GAMES AT MIDFJORDVATN...................................................................................................15

XVI. GRETTIR KILLS SKEGGI AND IS OUTLAWED FOR THREE YEARS ...............................16

XVII. GRETTIR SAILS FOR NORWAY AND IS WRECKED ON HARAMARSEY ......................18

XVIII. ADVENTURE IN THE HOWE OF KAR THE OLD ...............................................................20

XIX. BERSERKS AT HARAMARSEY ...............................................................................................22

XX. THORFINN'S RETURN. GRETTIR VISITS THE NORTH ........................................................26

XXI. ADVENTURE WITH A BEAR ...................................................................................................27

XXII. GRETTIR KILLS BJORN AND IS SUMMONED BEFORE JARL SVEINN.........................29

XXIII. GRETTIR KILLS HJARRANDI ...............................................................................................30

FROM THE VENGEANCE OF THE JARL .........................................................................................31

BROTHERS AND SLAIN....................................................................................................................32

THORSTEINN KUGGASON ...............................................................................................................33

XXVII. SENTENCES ON THE FOSTERBROTHERS .....................................................................33

XXVIII. GRETTIR'S VISIT TO AUDUN IN VIDIDAL; OFFERS HIS SERVICES TO BARDI.....35

XXIX. HORSEFIGHT AT LANGAFIT.............................................................................................36

XXX. THORBJORN OXMAIN AND THE FRAY AT HRUTAFJARDARHALS............................37

XXXI. GRETTIR'S VAIN ENDEAVOUR TO PROVOKE BARDI...................................................38

FIEND. HIS GHOST WALKS ..............................................................................................................40

XXXIII. DOINGS OF GLAM'S GHOST. AWFUL CONDITION OF VATNSDAL.........................42

XXXIV. GRETTIR VISITS HIS UNCLE JOKULL............................................................................43

XXXV. THE FIGHT WITH GLAM'S GHOST ....................................................................................44

XXXVI. THORBJORN SLOWCOACH AT HOME ............................................................................46

XXXVIII. GRETTIR FETCHES FIRE THE SONS OF THORIR ARE BURNT ..........................47

ORDEAL...............................................................................................................................................49

XL. ADVENTURE WITH THE BERSERK SNAEKOLL..................................................................50

XLI. THORSTEINN DROMUND'S ARMS .........................................................................................51

XLII. DEATH OF ASMUND LONGHAIR .........................................................................................52

XLIII. THE SONS OF THORIR OF SKARD ARE SLAIN BY ATLI AND GRIM ..........................52

XLIV. SETTLEMENT OF THE FEUD AT THE HUNAVATN THING ...........................................53

XLV. ATLI MURDERED BY THORBJORN OXMAIN ...................................................................54

XLVIII. DEATH OF THORBJORN OXMAIN ...................................................................................58

XLIX. GRETTIR VISITS THORSTEINN KUGGASON AND SNORRI GODI ...............................59

FOSTERBROTHERS ........................................................................................................................59

LI. GRETTIR'S CASE OVERBORNE AT THE ALLTHING ..........................................................61

LII. GRETTIR IS CAPTURED BY FARMERS AND RELEASED BY THORBJORG ...................62

LIII. GRETTIR WINTERS IN LJARSKOGAR WITH THORSTEINN KUGGASON .....................65

LIV. ADVENTURE WITH LOPT .......................................................................................................65

LVI. TREACHERY AND DEATH OF THORIR REDBEARD .........................................................67

WITH THE AID OF HALLMUND .....................................................................................................69

THE FAGRASKOGAFJALL ...............................................................................................................70

LIX. THE CHASTISEMENT OF GISLI .............................................................................................71

LX. THE BATTLE WITH THE MYRAMEN .....................................................................................73

LXI. GRETTIR WINTERS UNDER THE GEITLAND GLACIER ...................................................74

LXII. HALLMUND IS KILLED BY A FORESTMAN NAMED GRIM .........................................75

LXIII. GRETTIR'S MEETING WITH THORIR ON THE REYKJA HEATH ...................................76

LXIV. GHOSTS IN BARDARDAL ....................................................................................................77

LXV. ADVENTURE WITH A TROLLWOMAN ............................................................................78

LXVI. GRETTIR SLAYS A GIANT ...................................................................................................79

LXVII. VISIT TO GUDMUND THE MIGHTY .................................................................................80

LXVIII. FIGHT WITH THORODD THE SON OF SNORRI .............................................................81

LXX. THE PEOPLE OF SKAGAFJORD ............................................................................................83

LXXI. THE BONDIS CLAIM THEIR PROPERTY IN DRANGEY .................................................84

LXXII. GRETTIR VISITS THE THING AT HEGRANES ................................................................85

LXXIII. VISIT OF THORBJORN ANGLE TO DRANGEY ..............................................................87

LXXIV. THE FIRE GOES OUT IN DRANGEY ................................................................................88

LXXV. GRETTIR SWIMS TO THE MAINLAND FOR FIRE ..........................................................88

LXXVI. ADVENTURE OF HAERING IN DRANGEY .....................................................................89

LXXVII. GRETTIR'S CASE BEFORE THE ALLTHING ...............................................................90

LXXVIII. THORBJORN'S FOSTERMOTHER ................................................................................90

LXXIX. THE SPELL TAKES EFFECT ..............................................................................................92

LXXX. THE SPELL CONTINUES TO WORK ..................................................................................93

LXXXI. THORBJORN AGAIN VISITS DRANGEY .........................................................................94

LXXXII. THE LAST BATTLE DEATH OF GRETTIR AND ILLUGI ........................................95

LXXXIII. THORBJORN VISITS GRETTIR'S MOTHER AT BJARG ..............................................97

LXXXIV. THORBJORN IS EXILED AT THE THING .....................................................................98

LXXXV. THORBJORN GOES TO NORWAY AND CONSTANTINOPLE ....................................99

LXXXVII. THE LADY SPES ............................................................................................................101

LXXXVIII. ADVENTURES OF THORSTEINN AND SPES ..........................................................102

LXXXIX. THE ORDEAL ..................................................................................................................105

XC. THORSTEINN AND SPES RETURN TO NORWAY ..............................................................106

XCI. ABSOLUTION IN ROME ........................................................................................................107

XCII. THE END OF THORSTEINN AND SPES .............................................................................107

XCIII. THE TESTIMONY OF STURLA THE LAWMAN ..............................................................108

Attack On Grettir By Thorir Of Gard With Eighty Men Repulsed With The Aid Of Hallmund

Grettir Visits Bjorn The Hitdale Warrior And Takes Refuge In The Fagraskogafjall

There was a man named Onund, the son of Ofeig Clumsyfoot, who was the son of Ivar Horsetail. Onund was

the brother of Gudbjorg, the mother of Gudbrand Knob, the father of Asta, the mother of King Olaf the Saint.

His mother came from the Upplands, while his father's relations were mostly in Rogaland and Hordland. He

was a great viking and used to harry away in the West over the sea. He was accompanied on these

expeditions by one Balki, the son of Blaeing from Sotanes, and by Orm the Wealthy. Another comrade of

theirs was named Hallvard. They had five ships, all well equipped. They plundered the Hebrides, reaching the

Barra Isles, where there ruled a king named Kjarval, who also had five ships. These they attacked; there was

a fierce battle between them, in which Onund's men fought with the utmost bravery. After many had fallen on

both sides, the battle ended with the king taking to flight with a single ship; the rest were captured by Onund's

force, along with much booty. They stayed there for the winter, and spent the succeeding three summers

harrying the coasts of Ireland and Scotland, after which they returned to Norway.

At that time Norway was very disturbed. Harald Shockhead, the son of Halfdan the Black, till then king of

the Upplands, was aiming at the supreme kingship. He went into the North and fought many battles there, in

which he was always victorious. Then he marched harrying through the territories to the South, bringing them

into subjection wherever he came. On reaching Hordland he was opposed by a motley multitude led by

Kjotvi the Wealthy, Thorir Longchin, and Soti and King Sulki from South Rogaland. Geirmund

Swarthyskin was then away in the West, beyond the sea, so he was not present at the battle, although

Onund and his party had arrived that autumn from the western seas, and when Thorir and Kjotvi heard of

their landing they sent envoys to ask for their aid, promising to treat them with honour. They were very

anxious for an opportunity of distinguishing themselves, so they joined Thorir's forces, and declared that they

would be in the thickest part of the battle. They met King Harald in a fjord in Rogaland called Hafrsfjord.

The forces on each side were very large, and the battle was one of the greatest ever fought in Norway. There

are many accounts of it, for one always hears much about those people of whom the saga is told. Troops had

come in from all the country around and from other countries as well, besides a multitude of vikings. Onund

brought his ship alongside of that of Thorir Longchin in the very middle of the battle. King Harald made for

Thorir's ship, knowing him to be a terrible berserk, and very brave. The fighting was desperate on either side.

Then the king ordered his berserks, the men called Wolfskins, forward. No iron could hurt them, and when

they charged nothing could withstand them. Thorir defended himself bravely and fell on his ship fighting

valiantly. The whole ship from stem to stern was cleared and her fastenings were cut, so that she fell out of

the line of battle. Then they attacked Onund's ship, in the forepart of which he was standing and fighting

manfully. The king's men said: "He bears himself well in the forecastle. Let us give him something to remind

him of having been in the battle." Onund was stepping out with one foot on to the bulwark, and as he was

striking they made a thrust at him with a spear; in parrying it he bent backwards, and at that moment a man

on the forecastle of the king's ship struck him and took off his leg below the knee, disabling him at a blow.

With him fell the greater number of his men. They carried him to a ship belonging to a man named Thrand, a

son of Bjorn and brother of Eyvind the Easterner. He was fighting against King Harald, and his ship was

lying on the other side of Onund's. Then there was a general flight. Thrand and the rest of the vikings escaped

any way they could, and sailed away westwards. They took with them Onund and Balki and Hallvard

Sugandi. Onund recovered and went about for the rest of his life with a wooden leg, wherefore he was called

There were then in the western parts many distinguished men who had fled from their homes in Norway

before King Harald, for he declared all who fought against him outlaws, and seized their property. As soon as

Onund had recovered from his wound, Thrand went with his party to Geirmund Swarthyskin, who was the

most eminent of the vikings in the West. They asked him whether he was not going to try and regain his

kingdom in Hordland, and offered to join him, hoping by this means to do something for their own

properties, for Onund was very wealthy and his kindred very powerful. Geirmund answered that Harald had

such a force that there was little hope of gaining any honour by fighting when the whole country had joined

against him and been beaten. He had no mind, he said, to become the king's thrall, and to beg for that which

he had once possessed in his own right. Seeing that he was no longer in the vigour of his youth he preferred

to find some other occupation. So Onund and his party returned to the Southern Islands, where they met

There was a man named Ofeig, nicknamed Grettir. He was the son of Einar, the son of Olvir the Babyman.

He was a brother of Oleif the Broad, the father of Thormod Shaft. Another son of Olvir was named Steinolf,

the father of Una, whom Thorbjorn the Salmonman married. A third son of Olvir was Steinmod, who was

the father of Konal, the father of Alfdis of the Barra Isles. Konal's son was named Steimnod; he was the

Ofeig Grettir married Asny, the daughter of Vestar, the son of Haeing. His sons were Asmund the Beardless

and Asbjorn, and his daughters were named Aldis, Aesa, and Asvor. Ofeig had fled from the wrath of King

Harald into the West over the sea, along with his kinsman Thormod Shaft and all their families. They ravaged

far and wide in the western seas. Thrand and Onund Treefoot were going West to Ireland to join Thrand's

brother, Eyvind the Easterner, who had command of the Irish defences. Eyvind's mother was named Hlif; she

was the daughter of Hrolf, the son of Ingjald, the son of King Frodi, while Thrand's mother was Helga, the

daughter of Ondott Crow. The father of Eyvind and Thrand was Bjorn, the son of Hrolf of Ar. He had had to

leave Gautland because he had burnt in his house Sigfast the fatherinlaw of King Solvi. Then he went to

Norway and spent the winter with Grim the Hersir, a son of Kolbjorn the Sneak, who wanted to murder him

for his money. Thence Bjorn went to Ondott Crow, who lived in Hvinisfjord in Agdir. There he was well

received, stayed the winter, and went campaigning with Ondott in the summer until his wife Hlif died.

Eventually Ondott gave Bjorn his daughter Helga, and Bjorn then no longer went out to fight. Eyvind had

taken over his father's ships and become a great chief in the western parts. He married Rafarta, the daughter

When Thrand and Onund came to the Southern Islands they found there Ofeig Grettir and Thormod Shaft,

with whom they became very friendly, for each thought the others had risen from the dead, their last meeting

having been in Norway when the war was at its worst. Onund was very silent, and Thrand, when he noticed

Thrand said: "Why, you still seem as full of vigour as ever you were. You may yet settle down and marry.

You shall have my good word and my interest if you will only tell me whom you fancy."

Onund said he behaved nobly; but said there had once been a time when his chances of making a profitable

Thrand said: "Ofeig has a daughter named Aesa; we might mention it if you like."

Onund said he would like it, and soon afterwards Ofeig was approached on the subject. He received the

proposal favourably, saying he knew the man to be of good lineage and to have some wealth in movable

property, though his lands were not worth much. "But," he said, "I do not think he is very wise. Why, my

Thrand said that Onund was more vigorous than many a man whose legs were sounder.

So with the aid of Thrand the terms were settled. Ofeig was to give his daughter a portion in cash, for neither

would reckon anything for his lands in Norway. Soon afterwards Thrand was betrothed to the daughter of

Then they went on fighting expeditions in the summer, remaining in the Barra Isles during the winter.

There were two Vikings from the Southern Isles, named Vigbjod and Vestmar; they were abroad both

summer and winter. They had eight ships, and harried mostly round the coast of Ireland, where they did many

an evil deed until Eyvind undertook the defence of the coast, when they retired to the Hebrides to harry there,

and right in to the Scotch firths. Thrand and Onund went out against them and learned that they had sailed to

an island called Bot. Onund and Thrand followed them thither with five ships, and when the vikings sighted

them and saw how many there were, they thought their own force was sufficient, so they took to their arms

and advanced to the attack. Onund ordered his ships to take up a position between two rocks where there was

a deep but narrow channel, open to attack from one side only, and by not more than five ships at once. Onund

was a very wily man. He sent his five ships forward into the channel so that, as there was plenty of sea room

behind them, they could easily retire by merely backing their oars. One ship he brought under an island lying

on their beam, and carried a great stone to a place on the front of the rock where it could not be seen from the

enemy's ships. The Vikings came boldly on, thinking they had caught them in a trap. Vigbjod asked who they

were that he had hemmed in. Thrand answered that he was a brother of Eyvind the Easterner, and the man

Onund said that could not be known until it was tried. Then the ships came together. There was a great battle

in which both sides fought bravely. When the battle was thick Onund ordered his ships to back their oars. The

vikings seeing it thought they were taking to flight, and pushed on with all their might, coming under the rock

just at the moment when the party which had been dispatched for that purpose arrived. They launched upon

the vikings stones so huge that nothing could hold against them. A number of the vikings were killed, and

others were so injured that they could fight no more. Then the vikings tried to escape, but could not, as their

ships were in the narrowest part of the channel and were impeded both by the current and by the enemy's

ships. Onund's men vigorously attacked the wing commanded by Vigbjod while Thrand engaged Vestmar,

but effected little. When the men on Vigbjod's ship had been somewhat reduced, Onund's men, he himself

with them, prepared to board her. On seeing that, Vigbjod spurred on his men resolutely. He turned against

Onund, most of whose men gave way. Onund was a man of immense strength and he bade his followers

observe how it fared with them. They shoved a log under the stump of his leg, so that he stood pretty firm.

The viking dashed forward, reached Onund and hewed at him with his sword, which cut right through his

shield and into the log beneath his leg, where it remained fixed. As Vigbjod bent down to pull his sword clear

again, Onund dealt him a blow on his shoulder, severing his arm and disabling him. When Vestmar saw his

comrade fall, he sprang on to the outermost ship and escaped along with all who could get on to her. Then

they examined the dead. Vigbjod had already expired. Onund went up to him and said:

They took a large quantity of booty and returned to the Barra Isles in the autumn.

The following summer they made ready for a voyage to the West, to Ireland. At the same time Balki and

Hallvard sailed westwards, to Iceland, where they had heard that good land was available for occupation.

Balki took up some land at Hrutafjord, and had his abode in two places called Balkastad. Hallvard occupied

Thrand and Onund went to visit Eyvind the Easterner, who welcomed joyfully his brother Thrand; but when

he heard that Onund had also come, he became very angry and wanted to fight him. Thrand asked him not to

do so, and said it would ill become him to quarrel with men from Norway, especially with such as had given

no offence. Eyvind said that he had given offence before, when he made war on Kjarval the king, and that he

should now pay for it. The brothers had much to say to each other about the matter, till at last Thrand said

that he and Onund should share their fortune together. Then Eyvind allowed himself to be appeased. They

stayed there a long time in the summer and went with Eyvind on his expeditions. Eyvind found Onund to be a

man of the greatest valour. In the autumn they went to the Hebrides, and Eyvind made over to Thrand all his

share in their father Bjorn's patrimony in the event of Bjorn dying before Thrand. They stayed in the Hebrides

The next thing that happened was the death of Thrand's father Bjorn. When the news of it reached Grim the

Hersir he proceeded against Ondott Crow and claimed Bjorn's estate. Ondott held Thrand to be the rightful

heir of his father, but Grim contended that Thrand was away in the West. Bjorn, he said, came from

Gautland, and the succession to the estate of all foreigners passed to the king. Ondott said that he would hold

the property on behalf of Thrand, who was his daughter's son. Grim then departed, having effected nothing by

Thrand, when he heard of his father's death, prepared to leave the Hebrides, and Onund Treefoot decided to

go with him. Ofeig Grettir and Thormod Shaft went to Iceland with all their belongings, landing at Eyrar in

the South. They spent the first winter with Thorbjorn the Salmonman, and then occupied Gnupverjahrepp.

Ofeig took the outer part lying between the rivers Thvera and Kalfa, and lived at Ofeigsstad near Steinsholt,

while Thormod took the eastern part, living at Skaptaholt. Thormod's daughters were named Thorvor and

Thorve; the former afterwards became the mother of Thorodd the Godi at Hjalli, Thorve of Thorstein the

We now return to Thrand and Onund, who sailed back from the West to Norway. A strong wind blew in their

favour, so that they arrived at the house of Ondott Crow before any one knew of their journey. He welcomed

Thrand and told him of the claim which Grim the Hersir had raised for Bjorn's estate.

"To my thinking, kinsman," he said, "it is better that the property should go to you than to the king's thralls. It

is a fortunate thing for you that no one knows of your having come here, for I expect that Grim will make an

attack upon one or the other of us if he can. I should prefer if you would take over your property and stay in

Thrand said that he would do so. He took over the property and prepared to leave Norway. Before leaving he

asked Onund Treefoot whether he would not come to Iceland. Onund said he wanted first to visit some of his

"Then," said Thrand, "we must part. I should be glad if you would give my kinsmen your support, for our

enemies will certainly try to take revenge upon them when I am gone. I am going to Iceland, and I want you

Onund said he would come, and they parted with great friendship. Thrand went to Iceland, where he met with

a welcome from Ofeig and Thormod Shaft. He took up his dwelling at Thrandarholt to the west of Thjorsa.

Onund went to Rogaland in the South and visited many of his relations and friends. He lived there in

concealment with a man named Kolbeinn. He there learned that King Harald had taken all his property and

given it into the charge of a man named Harekr, one of his officials. Onund went by night to Harekr's house

and caught him at home; he was led to execution. Then Onund took possession of all the loose property

That autumn Grim the Hersir murdered Ondott Crow because he had not succeeded in getting the property for

the king. Ondott's wife Signy carried off all their loose property that same night to a ship and escaped with

her sons Asmund and Asgrim to her father Sighvat. A little later she sent her sons to Hedin, her fosterfather

in Soknadal, where they remained for a time and then wanted to return to their mother. They left at last, and

at Yuletide came to Ingjald the Trusty at Hvin. His wife Gyda persuaded him to take them in, and they spent

the winter there. In the spring Onund came to northern Agdir, having learned of the murder of Ondott. He

met Signy and asked her what assistance they would have of him. She said they were most anxious to punish

Grim for the death of Ondott. So the sons were sent for, and when they met Onund Treefoot they all joined

In the summer there was a beerbrewing at Grim's for a jarl named Audun, whom he had invited. When

Onund and the sons of Ondott heard of it, they appeared at his house unexpectedly and set fire to it. Grim the

Hersir and about thirty men were burnt in the house. They captured a quantity of valuables. Then Onund went

into the forest, while the two brothers took the boat of their fosterfather Ingjald, rowed away and lay in

hiding a little way off. Soon jarl Audun appeared, on his way to the feast, as had been arranged, but on

arriving he missed his host. So he collected his men around him and stayed there a few nights, quite unaware

of Onund and his companions. He slept in a loft with two other men. Onund knew everything that was going

on in the house and sent for the two brothers to come to him. On their arrival he asked them whether they

preferred to keep watch on the house or to attack the jarl. They chose to attack. They then battered the

entrance of the loft with beams until the door gave way. Asmund seized the two men who were with the jarl

and threw them to the ground with such violence that they were we11nigh killed. Asgrim rushed at the jarl

and demanded of him weregild for his father, for he had been in league with Grim and took part in the attack

when Ondott was murdered. The jarl said he had no money about him and asked for time. Asgrim then placed

the point of his spear against his breast and ordered him to pay up on the spot. Then the jarl took a necklace

from his neck and gave it to him with three gold rings and a velvet mantle. Asgrim took the things and

When the farmers and people about heard of the disturbances they all came out to help the jar]. Onund had a

large force with him, and there was a great battle in which many a good farmer and many a follower of the

jarl were slain. The brothers returned to Onund and reported what had occurred with the jarl. Onund said it

was a pity they had not killed him. It would, he said, have been something to make up for the losses which he

had suffered from King Harald. They said the disgrace was far worse for the jarl as it was, and they went off

to Surnadal to Eirik Beery, a Landman there, who took them all in for the winter. At Yuletide they had a

great drinking bout with a man named Hallsteinn, nicknamed Stallion. Eirik opened the feast and entertained

them generously. Then it was Hallsteinn's turn, and they began to quarrel. Hallsteinn struck Eirik with a

deer's horn, for which Eirik got no revenge, but had to go home with it, to the great annoyance of Ondott's

sons. A little later Asgrim went to Hallsteinn's house and gave him a severe wound. All the people who were

present started up and attacked Asgrim. He defended himself vigorously and escaped in the dark, leaving

them under the belief that they had killed him. Onund and Asmund, on hearing that Asgrim had been killed,

were at a loss what they could do in the matter. Eirik's advice was that they should betake themselves to

Iceland, for it would never do for them to remain in the land where the king could get at them. This they

determined to do. Each of them had his own ship and they made ready for the voyage to Iceland. Hallsteinn

was laid low with his wound and died before Onund sailed with his party. Kolbeinn, the man who was

Onund and Asmund set sail directly when they were ready and their ships kept together. Onund said:

They had a rough passage with cross winds, mostly from the south, so that they drifted away to the north.

They made Iceland right in the North, at Langanes, where they regained their reckonings. The ships were

near enough to each other for them to speak together. Asmund said they had better make for Eyjafjord, and

this was agreed to. They kept under the land and heavy weather set in from the southeast. Just as Onund was

tacking, the yard was carried away; they lowered the sail and were driven out to sea. Asmund got under the

lee of Hrisey, where he waited until a fair wind set in which took him up to Eyjafjord. Helgi the Lean gave

him the whole of Kraeklingahlid, and he lived at South Glera. A few years later his brother Asgrim came to

Iceland and took up his residence at NorthGlera. His son was Ellidagrim the father of Asgrim.

Onund Treefoot was driven away from the shore for several days, after which the wind shifted and blew

towards the land. Then they made land again, which those of them who had been there before recognised as

the western coast of the Skagi peninsula. They sailed in to Strandafloi, almost to Sudrstrandir. There came

rowing towards them a tenoared boat with six men on board, who hailed the seagoing ship and asked who

was their captain. Onund told them his name and asked whence they came. They said they were the men of

Thorvald from Drangar. Then Onund asked whether all the land round that coast was occupied; they

answered there was very little left at Sudrstrandir and none at all in the North. So Onund asked his men

whether they would seek some land further to the West or take that of which they had just been told. They

said they would first explore a little further. They sailed in along the coast of the bay and anchored off a creek

Here dwelt a wealthy man named Eirik Snare, who had taken the land between Ingolfsfjord and Ofaera in

Veidileysa. On hearing that Onund had arrived in those parts, he offered to let him have such portion as he

needed from his own lands, adding that there was little land which had not already been taken up. Onund said

Then they went further into the bay past some fjords and came to Ofaera, where Eirik said: "Here is what

there is to see. From here down to the lands of Bjorn is unoccupied." A high range of mountains, on which

snow had fallen, rose from beside the river. Onund looked at the mountains and spoke a verse:

"Many a man," answered Eirik, "has lost so much in Norway that it may not be mended. I expect too that

nearly all the lands in the main districts have been taken, so that I will not urge you to leave these parts and

seek elsewhere. I will keep to my word and let you have whatever lands of my own you may require."

Onund said he would take advantage of his offer, and in the end he took some of the Ofaera land and the

three creeks Byrgisvik, Kolbeinsvik, and Kaldbaksvik as far as Kaldbak's Cliff. Afterwards Eirik gave him

Veidileysa with Reykjarfjord and the outer part of Reykjanes on that side. Nothing was settled about the drift

which came to the coast, because there was so much of it that every one could have what he wanted. Onund

made his home in Kaldbak and had a large household. His property increased and he had another house in

Reykjarfjord. Kolbeinn lived in Kolbeinsvik and for some years Onund lived quietly at home.

Onund was a man of such valour that few, even of those whose limbs were sound, could measure themselves

against him. His name, too, was renowned throughout the whole country on account of his ancestry. It

happened that a dispute arose between Ofeig Grettir and one Thorbjornm called Jarlakappi, which ended in

Ofeig being killed by Thorbjorn in Grettisgeil near Haell. The feud was taken up by Ofeig's sons who

assembled a large force of men. Onund Treefoot was sent for, and in the spring he rode South to Hvamm,

where he stayed with Aud the DeepMinded. He had been with her over the sea in the West, and she received

him with welcome. Her grandson, Olaf Feilan, was then grown up, and Aud was very infirm. She consulted

Onund concerning her kinsman Olaf, for whom she wished to ask in marriage Alfdis of the Barra Isles, the

cousin of Onund's wife Aesa. Onund thought it a very suitable match, and Olaf rode with him to the South.

Then Onund met friends and kinsmen, who made him their guest. The matter of the dispute was talked over

between them, and finally laid before the Kjalarnes Thing, for the AllThing had not yet been established.

Eventually it was settled by arbitration and heavy weregilds were imposed for the murder. Thorbjorn

Jarlakappi was exiled. His son was Solmund, the father of Svidukari. These kinsmen were long abroad after

that. Thrand invited Onund and Olaf with his party to stay with him, as did Thormod Shaft. The matter of

Olaf's marriage was then pressed, and an agreement easily arrived at, for Aud's rank and influence were well

known to them. The settlement was arranged and Onund's party rode home again. Aud thanked him for his

aid in behalf of Olaf, who married Alfdis of the Barra Isles that autumn. Then Aud the DeepMinded died, as

Onund and Aesa had two sons; the elder was named Thorgeir, the younger Ofeig Grettir. Soon afterwards

Aesa died and Onund married a second wife, Thordis Thorgrim's daughter of Gnup in Midfjord, a kinsman of

Skeggi of Midfjord. By her Onund had a son named Thorgrim, who grew up quickly to manhood, ta11 and

strong, wise and a good manager. Onund continued to live at Kaldbak until his old age. He died a natural

death and lies in Treefoot's howe. He was the boldest and most active onelegged man that ever came to

Among Onund's sons Thorgrim was the foremost, although the others were older. When he was twentyfive

years old his hair was grey, whence they nicknamed him Greyhead. His mother Thordis married again,

taking as her second husband Audun Skokull. They had a son named Asgeir of Asgeirsa. Thorgrim Greyhead

and his brothers had a large property, which they managed together without dividing it up.

Eirik lived, as was mentioned, at Arnes. He had married Alof, the daughter of Ingolf of Ingolfsfjord, by

There came to that part of Iceland three brothers, named Ingolf, Ofeig, and Eyvind, and took the three fjords

which are called by their names, where they lived. Eyvind had a son named Olaf. He at first lived at

So long as their fathers were living no disputes arose among these men; but when Eirik was dead it occurred

to Flosi that those of Kaldbak had no legal title to the lands which Eirik had given to Onund. Out of this

serious dissensions arose between them. Thorgrim and his brothers continued in possession of the lands as

before, but they would not join in games together. Thorgeir, the eldest brother, was managing the farm at

Reykjarfjord, and often rowed out fishing, as the fjords were full of fish. The men of Vik now laid their plans.

Flosi had a man in Arnes named Thorfinn, and sent him to fetch Thorgeir's head. This man hid himself in the

boatshed. One morning when Thorgeir was preparing to row out with two other men, one of whom was

named Brand, Thorgeir was walking ahead with a leather skin on his back containing some drink. It was very

dark, and as he passed the boathouse Thorfinn sprang out upon him and dealt him a blow with an axe

between his shoulders. The axe went into something and made a squeaking noise. Thorfinn let go his axe,

feeling quite sure that no bandages would be needed, and being very anxious to escape as fast as he could. He

ran North, and reaching Arnes before the day had quite broken, said that he had killed Thorgeir and that Flosi

must protect him. The only thing to be done was to offer some compensation in money. "That," he said, "will

Flosi said he must first learn more about it, and that he thought Thorfinn seemed very frightened after his

We must now tell what had happened to Thorgeir. He turned round when he was struck, but the blow had

gone into the leather bottle, and he was unhurt. They could make no search for the man because it was dark,

so they rowed on down the fjord to Kaldbak, where they told what had happened. People made great game of

the affair and called him Thorgeir Bottleback, a name which stuck to him ever after. A verse was made:

At that time there came over Iceland a famine the like of which had never been seen before. Nearly all the

One autumn some traders in a seagoing ship, who had been driven out of their course, were wrecked at Vik.

Flosi took in four or five of them with their captain, named Steinn. They all found shelter in the

neighbourhood of Vik and tried to rig up a ship out of the wreckage, but were not very successful. The ship

was too narrow in the bow and stern and too broad amidships. In the spring a northerly gale set in which

There was a man living in Reykjanes named Thorsteinn. He found a whale stranded on the south side of the

promontory at the place now called Rifsker. It was a large rorqual, and he at once sent word by a messenger

At Gjogr lived a man named Einar, a tenant of the Kaldbak men whom they employed to look after the drift

on that side of the fjord. He got to know of the whale having been stranded and at once rowed across the fjord

in his boat to Byrgisvik, whence he sent a messenger to Kaldbak. When Thorgrim and his brother heard the

news they got ready to go with all speed to the spot. There were twelve of them in a tenoared boat, and six

others, with Ivar and Leif, sons of Kolbeinn. All the farmers who could get away went to the whale.

In the meantime Flosi had sent word to his kinsmen in the North at Ingolfsfjord and Ofeigsfjord and to Olaf

the son of Eyvind who lived at Drangar. The first to arrive were Flosi and the men of Vik, who at once began

to cut up the whale, carrying on shore the flesh as it was cut. At first there were about twenty men, but more

came thronging in. Then there came the men of Kaldbak with four ships. Thorgrim laid claim to the whale

and forbade the men of Vik to cut, distribute, or carry away any portion of it. Flosi called upon him to show

proof that Eirik had in express words given over the drift to Onund; if not, he said he would prevent them by

force. Thorgrim saw that he was outnumbered and would not venture on fighting. Then there came a ship

across the fjords, the men rowing with all their might. They came up; it was Svan of Hol from Bjarnarfjord

with his men, and he at once told Thorgrim not to let himself be robbed. The two men had been great friends,

and Svan offered Thorgrim his aid, which the brothers accepted, and they attacked valiantly. Thorgeir

Bottleback was the first to get on to the whale where Flosi's men were. Thorfinn, who was spoken of before,

was cutting it up, standing near the head on the place where he had been carving. "Here I bring you your

axe," said Thorgeir. Then he struck at Thorfinn's neck and cut off his head. Flosi was up on the beach and

saw it. He urged on his men to give it them back. They fought for a long time and the Kaldbak people were

getting the best of it. Most of them had no weapons but the axes with which they were cutting up the whale

and short knives. The men of Vik were driven from the whale on to the sandbanks. The men from the East,

however, were armed and able to deal wounds. Their captain Steinn cut off the leg of Kolbeinn's son Ivar,

and Ivar's brother Leif beat one of Steinn's men to death with a rib of the whale. Then they fought with

anything they could get, and men were slain on both sides. At last Olaf came up with a number of ships from

Drangar and joined Flosi; the men of Kaldbak were then overpowered by numbers. They had already loaded

their ships, and Svan told them to get on board. They therefore retired towards the ships, the men of Vik after

them. Svan on reaching the sea struck at Steinn their captain, wounding him badly, and then sprang into his

own ship. Thorgrim gave Flosi a severe wound and escaped. Olaf wounded Ofeig Grettir fatally, but Thorgeir

carried him off and sprang on to his ship with him. The Kaldbak men rowed into the fjord and the two parties

After this they made peace, and the dispute was laid before the AllThing. On the side of the Kaldbak men

were Thorodd the Godi, Skeggi of Midfjord, and many others from the South. Flosi was exiled, along with

several others who had been with him. He was put to great expense, for he insisted upon paying all the fines

himself. Thorgrim and his brothers were unable to show that they had paid any money either for the land or

for the drift which Flosi claimed. The Lawman was Thorkell Mani, and the question was referred to him. He

declared that by law something must have been paid, though not necessarily the full value.

"There was a case in point," he said, "between my grandfather Ingolf and a woman named Steinvor the Old.

He gave her the whole of Rosmhvalanes and she gave him a dirty cloak for it; the transfer was afterwards

held to be valid. That was a much more important affair than this. My advice is that the land be divided in

equal portions between the two; and henceforward it shall be legally established that all drift shall be the

This was agreed to. Thorgrim and his brothers were to give up Reykjarfjord with all on that side, and were to

keep Kamb. For Ofeig a large sum of money was paid, and Thorfinn was assessed at nothing at all; Thorgeir

received compensation for the attack made upon his life, and all the parties were reconciled. Flosi went to

Norway with Steinn the captain and sold his lands in Vik to Geirmund Hvikatimbr, who lived there

The ship which Steinn's sailors had built was rather a tub. She was called Trekyllir Treesack. Flosi went

on his journey in her, but was driven back to Oxarfjord; out of this arose the saga of Bodmod the Champion

After these events Thorgrim and his brothers divided up the property between them. Thorgrim took the

movable property and Thorgeir the lands. Then Thorgrim went inland to Midfjord and bought some land at

Bjarg with the aid of Skeggi. He married Thordis, the daughter of Asmund from Asmund's peak who had

land in Thingeyrasveit. They had a son named Asmund, a great man and strong, also wise, and notable for his

Thorgrim occupied himself with the management of his estate and kept all the men of his household hard at

work. Asmund did not want to work, so that he and his father got on rather badly together. This continued

until Asmund was grown up, when he asked his father to give him the means to go abroad. Thorgrim said he

should have little enough, but he gave him some ready cash. So Asmund went away and soon increased his

capital. He sailed to divers lands, became a great trader and very wealthy. He was popular and enjoyed good

One autumn Asmund was in the East on a visit to a certain magnate named Thorsteinn. His family came from

the Upplands, and he had a sister named Rannveig who had excellent prospects. Asmund asked this girl in

marriage and obtained her through the interest of her brother Thorsteinn; he settled there for a time and was

highly thought of. He and Rannveig had a son named Thorsteinn, who became a handsome man, strong, and

with a powerful voice. He was very tall and rather sluggish in his movements, wherefore he was nicknamed

Dromund. When young Thorsteinn was half grown up his mother fell ill and died, and Asmund cared no

more for Norway. Thorsteinn was taken over by his mother's relations along with his property, while Asmund

Asmund came in his ship to Hunavain, where Thorkell Krafla was chief of the Vatnsdalers. On hearing of

Asmund's arrival Thorkell went to the ship and invited him to stay, and Asmund went to visit him in

Marsstadir in Vatnsdal where he lived. Thorkell was a son of Thorgrim, the Godi of Karnsa, and a man of

great experience. This was soon after the arrival of Bishop Fridrek and Thorvald the son of Kodran, who

were living at Laekjamot when these events happened, preaching Christianity for the first time in the North of

the island. Thorkell and many of his men received the prima signatio. Many things might be told of the

dealings between the bishop's men and the Northerners, which, however, do not belong to this saga.

XIII. THORGRIM SETTLES AT BJARG AND MARRIES. HIS SON ASMUND VISITS NORWAY AND MARRIES TWICE 12

There was a girl named Asdis who was being brought up in Thorkell's house. She was a daughter of Bard the

son of Jokull, the son of Ingimund the Old, the son of Thorsteinn, the son of Ketil Raum. Her mother's name

was Aldis, whom we have already heard of as the daughter of Ofeig Grettir. Asdis was not betrothed as yet,

and was a most desirable match, both on account of her connections and her wealth. Asmund now became

sick of travelling about and wanted to settle down in Iceland. So he spoke up and asked for Asdis as his wife.

Thorkell knew all about him and knew that he was a man of wealth, able to manage his affairs, so the

marriage was arranged. Asmund married Asdis, and became a close friend of Thorkell. He was a great man of

affairs, learned in the law and very strenuous. Soon afterwards Thorgrim Greyhead died at Bjarg; Asmund

Asmund Longhair now set up a large and sumptuous household in Bjarg, where he maintained a numerous

retinue and became very popular. His children were as follows: The eldest was Atli, an able and

accomplished man, tactful and easy to deal with; he was much liked by all. His second son was called Grettir.

He was very hard to manage in his bringing up. He spoke little and was rough in his manners and

quarrelsome, both in words and deeds. He got little affection from his father Asmund, but his mother loved

him dearly. Grettir was a handsome man in appearance, with a face rather broad and short, redhaired and

somewhat freckled; not very precocious in his youth. There was a daughter named Thordis, who afterwards

married Glum the son of Ospak, Kjallak's son from Skridinsenni. Another daughter was named Rannveig; she

married Gamli the son of Thorhall of Vineland, and they dwelt at Melar in Hrutafjord and had a son named

Grim. Glum and Thordis had a son named Ospak who fell into a dispute with Odd the son of Ofeig, which is

Grettir grew up at Bjarg until he was ten years old, when he began to develop a little. Asmund told him that

he must do some work. Grettir said that would not suit him very well, but asked what he was to do.

So Grettir went to mind the geese. There were fifty of them, and a number of goslings. Before long he began

to find them troublesome, and the goslings would not come on quickly enough. This put him out, for he could

never control his temper. Soon afterwards some wanderers found the goslings lying outside dead, and the

geese with their wings broken. This was in the autumn. Asmund was very much annoyed and asked Grettir

"You shall rub my back when I am sitting by the fire, as I am in the habit of having it done."

This for a time was Grettir's occupation. As the autumn advanced Asmund wanted more warmth, and was

constantly telling Grettir to rub his back hard. It was the custom in those days for people to have large rooms

with long fires in them in their houses, where men sat by the fire in the evenings on benches, sleeping

afterwards at the side away from the fries. By day the women carded their wool there.

One evening when Grettir had to scratch Asmund's back his father said to him: "Now you will have to put

Grettir saw some woodcombs lying on one of the benches; he took up one of them and drew it along

Asmund's back. Asmund sprang up and was going to thrash him with his stick, but he escaped. His mother

His mother was much vexed with Grettir for what he had done and said he would not grow up very prudent.

Soon after this Asmund spoke to Grettir and told him to look after his horses. Grettir said that would be better

"You are to do what I tell you," said Asmund. "I have a dun mare with a dark stripe down her back whom I

call Keingala. She is very knowing about the weather and about rain coming. When she refuses to graze it

never fails that a storm will follow. You are then to keep the horses under shelter in the stables, and when

cold weather sets in keep them to the north of the ridge. I hope you will perform this duty better than the two

Grettir said: "That is cold work, and fit for a man to do; but it seems to me rash to trust to the mare, when to

So Grettir took to minding the horses, and went on until Yule tide was past, when very cold weather set in,

with snow, so that grazing was difficult. He was very badly provided with clothes and little hardened to the

weather. He began to feel it very cold, and Keingala always chose the windiest places whatever the weather

was. She never came to the meadow early enough to get home before nightfall. Grettir then thought he would

play a trick upon Keingala to pay her out for her wanderings. One morning early he came to the stables,

opened the door and found Keingala standing in front of the manger. She had taken the whole of the fodder

which had been given to all the horses for herself. Grettir jumped upon her back, with a sharp knife in his

hand which he drew across her shoulder and along her back on both sides. The horse was fat and fresh; she

shied back very frightened and kicked out till her hoofs rattled against the walls. Grettir fell off, but picked

himself up and tried to mount her again. There was a sharp struggle, which ended in his shaving all the skin

on her back down to her flank. Then he drove the horses out to the meadow. Keingala would not take a bite

except off her back, and soon after noon she bolted off to the stables. Grettir locked the door and went home.

Asmund asked him where the horses were; he said he had looked after them as usual. Asmund said there

must be a storm close at hand if the horses would not stay out in such weather as there was then.

The night passed and there was no storm. Grettir drove out the horses, but Keingala could not endure the

pasture. Asmund thought it very strange that no change came in the weather. On the third morning he went

himself to the horses and on seeing Keingala he said: "III indeed have the horses fared in this beautiful

Asmund stroked the back of the horse and all her coat came off on his hand. He could not understand how

she had got into that state and thought Grettir must have done it. Grettir grinned and said nothing. Asmund

went home and became very abusive. He heard his wife say: "My son's watching of the horses must have

"I do not know," she said, "which seems to me the more perverse, for you to make him work, or for him

"Now there shall be an end to it," said Asmund. "He must have something worse than merely making good

Asmund had Keingala killed. Many more childish pranks did Grettir play which are not told in the saga. He

now began to grow very big, but men did not clearly know what strength he had because he had never been

tried in wrestling. He kept making verses and ditties which were always a little ironical. He did not sleep in

There were then a good many youths growing up in Midfjord. A certain Skaldtorfa, whose home was in

Torfustadir, had a son named Bersi, an accomplished young man and a clever poet. Two brothers named

Kormak and Thorgils lived at Mel and had with them a youth named Odd, who was dependent upon them,

and was nicknamed Odd the NeedySkald. Another was named Audun; he grew up in Audunarstad in

Vididal, a pleasant goodnatured youth and the strongest of his age in the North. Kalf the son of Asgeir and

his brother Thorvald lived at Asgeirsa. Grettir's brother Atli was then growing to a man; he was most

These youths used to play at ball together at Midfjord Water. Those from Midfjord and from Vididal used to

meet there, and there came many from Vestrhop and Vatnsnes with some from Hrutafjord. Those who came

from afar used to lodge there. Those who were about equal in the ballgame were matched together, and

generally they had much fun in the autumn. Grettir went to the sports when he was fourteen years old at the

request of his brother Atli. The parties were made up. Grettir was matched against Audun, the youth already

mentioned, who was a few years the elder. Audun struck the ball over Grettir's head so that he could not

reach it, and it bounded far away over the ice. Grettir lost his temper, thinking he had done it out of mischief,

but he fetched the ball, brought it back and going up to Audun drove it straight into his forehead, so that the

skin was broken. Audun then struck at Grettir with the bat that he was holding, but Grettir ducked and the

blow missed him. Then they seized each other with their arms and wrestled. It was evident to the people

around that Grettir was stronger than they had supposed, for Audun was very strong indeed of body. They

struggled long together until at last Grettir was thrown. Audun then set his knees on his stomach and dealt

unmercifully with him. Atli and Bersi and a number of the others ran up and separated them. Gretti said they

need not hold him like a mad dog, and added: "The thrall alone takes instant vengeance, the coward never."

The rest had no mind to let the affair create discord among them, and the brothers Kalf and Thorvald tried to

reconcile them. Audun and Grettir were distantly related to each other. The games went on and there was no

Thorkell Krafla now began to grow very old. He was a great chieftain and held the Vatnsdal Godord. He was

a close friend of Asmund Longhair, as befitted the near relations in which they stood to each other. He had,

therefore, been in the habit of riding every year in the spring to Bjarg to visit his kinsmen there, and he did so

in the spring which followed the events just related. Asmund and Asdis received him with both hands. He

stayed there three nights and many a matter did the kinsmen discuss together. Thorkell asked Asmund what

his heart told him about his sons, and what professions they were likely to follow. Asmund said that Atli

"A useful man, like yourself," said Thorkell. "But what can you tell me of Grettir? "

"I can only say," he replied, "that he will be a strong man; but headstrong and quarrelsome. A heavy trial has

"That does not look very promising, kinsman!" said Thorkell. "But how are we to arrange our journey to the

"I don't think I can spare him," Asmund said, "because of the work and the provisioning. Grettir will not do

anything. But he has quite wit enough to carry out the duties at the Thing on my behalf under your guidance."

Then Thorkell made himself ready and rode home; Asmund dismissed him with presents.

A little later Thorkell journeyed to the Thing with sixty men. All the men of his godord went with him. They

passed through Bjarg, where Grettir joined them. They rode South through the heath called Tvidaegra. There

was very little grazing to be had in the hills, so they rode quickly past them into the cultivated land. When

they reached Fljotstunga they thought it was time to sleep, so they took the bits from their horses and turned

them loose with their saddles. They lay there well on into the day, and when they woke began to look for

their horses. Every horse had gone off in a different direction and some had been rolling. Grettir could not

find his horse at all. The custom was at that time that men should find their own provisions at the Thing, and

most of them carried their sacks over their saddles. When Grettir found his horse its saddle was under its

belly, and the sack of provisions gone. He searched about but could not find it. Then he saw a man running

very fast and asked him who he was. He said his name was Skeggi and that he was a man from Ass in

"I am travelling with Thorkell," he said. "I have been careless and lost my provisionbag."

"Alone in misfortune is worst. I also have lost my stock of provisions; so we can look for them together. "

Skeggi was well pleased with this proposal, and so they went about seeking for a time. Suddenly, when

Grettir least expected it, Skeggi started running with all his might along the moor and picked up the sack.

"Who says so besides yourself?" Grettir asked. "Let me see it! Many a thing is like another."

Skeggi said no one should take from him what was his own. Grettir seized hold of the sack and they both

"You Midfjord men have strange notions," said Skeggi, "if you think that because a man is not so wealthy as

Grettir said it had nothing to do with a man's degree, and that each should have that which was his own.

Skeggi replied: "Audun is now too far away to strangle you as he did at the ballplay."

"That is well," said Grettir; "but however that may have been you shall not strangle me."

Skeggi then seized his axe and struck at Grettir, who on seeing it seized the handle of the axe with his left

hand and pulled it forward with such force that Skeggi at once let go. The next moment it stood in his brain

and he fell dead to the earth. Grettir took the sack, threw it across his saddle and rode back to his companions.

Thorkell rode on, knowing nothing of what had happened. Soon Skeggi was missed in the company, and

when Grettir came up they asked him what news he had of Skeggi. He answered in a verse:

Then Thorkell's men sprang up and said it was impossible that a troll should have taken the man in full

daylight. Thorkell was silent for a moment. Then he said: "There must be something more in it. Grettir must

Grettir then told him all about their fight. Thorkell said: "It is a most unfortunate occurrence, because Skeggi

was entrusted to my service, and was a man of good family. I will take the matter upon myself and pay

whatever compensation is adjudged. But a question of banishment does not lie with me. Now, Grettir, there

are two things for you to choose between. Either you can go on to the Thing with us and take the chance of

Grettir decided to go on to the Thing, and to the Thing he went. The matter was taken up by the heirs of the

man slain. Thorkell gave his hand to pay the compensation and Grettir was to be banished for three years.

On their way back from the Thing all the chiefs halted at Sledaass before they parted company. It was then

that Grettir lifted a stone lying in the grass, which is still known as Grettishaf. Many went afterwards to see

this stone and were astounded that so young a man should have lifted such a mountain.

Grettir rode home to Bjarg and told his father about his adventures. Asmund was much put out and said he

There dwelt at Reydarfell on the banks of the Hvita a man named Haflidi, a mariner, owning a ship of his

own which was lying in dock in the Hvita river. He had as his mate a man named Bard who had a young and

pretty wife. Asmund sent a man to Haflidi asking him to take Grettir and look after him. Haflidi answered

that he had heard that Grettir was very difficult to get on with, but out of friendship for Asmund he took him.

Grettir, therefore, prepared to go to sea. His father would not give him any outfit for his voyage beyond his

bare provisions and a little wadmal. Grettir asked him to give him some sort of weapon. Asmund answered:

"You have never been obedient to me. Nor do I know what you would do with a weapon that would be of any

Father and son parted with little love between them. Many wished him a good voyage, but few a safe return.

His mother went with him along the road. Before they parted she said: "You have not been sent off in the way

that I should have wished, my son, or in a way befitting your birth. The most cruel thing of all, I think, is that

you have not a weapon which you can use. My heart tells me that you will want one."

Then she took from under her mantle a sword all ready for use, a valuable possession. She said: "This was the

sword of jokull, my father's father and of the ancient Vatnsdal men, in whose hands it was blessed with

Grettir thanked her warmly and said it would be more precious to him than any other possession though of

greater value. Then he went on his way and Asdis wished him all possible happiness. He rode South over the

heath and did not stop till he reached his ship. Haflidi received him well and asked him about his outfit for

Directly they were ready and had a wind they got under way. When they were out of shallow water they

hoisted their sail. Grettir made himself a corner under the ship's boat, whence he refused to stir either to bale

or to trim the sails or to do any work in the ship, as it was his duty to do equally with the other men; nor

would he buy himself off. They sailed to the South, rounded Reykjanes and left the land behind them, when

they met with stormy weather. The ship was rather leaky and became very uneasy in the gale; the crew were

very much exhausted. Grettir only let fly satirical verses at them, which angered them sorely. One day when

it was very stormy and very cold the men called out to Grettir to get up and work; they said their claws were

They got no work out of him and liked him even worse than before, and said they would pay him out on his

"You like better," they said, "to pat the belly of Bard the mate's wife than to bear a hand in the ship. But we

The weather grew steadily worse; they had to bale night and day, and they threatened Grettir. Haflidi when he

heard them went up to Grettir and said: "I don't think your relations with the crew are very good. You are

mutinous and make lampoons about them, and they threaten to pitch you overboard. This is most improper."

"Why cannot they mind their own business?" Grettir rejoined. "But I should like one or two to remain behind

"That is impossible," said Haflidi. "We shall never get on upon those terms. But I will make you a proposal

"The thing which annoys them is that you make lampoons about them. Now I suggest that you make a

"About you I will never utter anything but good," said he. "I am not going to compare you with the sailors."

"But you might compose a verse which should at first appear foul, but on closer view prove to be fair."

Haflidi then went to the sailors and said: "You have much toil; and it seems that you don't get on with

The sailors were very angry and said he should not lampoon Haflidi for nothing. Haflidi said: "Grettir

certainly deserves that you should take him down a little, but I am not going to risk my good name because of

his illtemper and caprice. This is not the time to pay him out, when we are all in such danger. When you get

"Shall we not endure what you can endure?" they said. "Why should a lampoon hurt us more than it does

Haflidi said so it should be, and after that they cared less about Grettir's lampoons.

The voyage was long and fatiguing. The ship sprung a leak, and the men began to be worn out. The mate's

young wife was in the habit of stitching Grettir's sleeves for him, and the men used to banter him about it.

Then he hurried aft where they were baling and asked what they wanted him to do. They said he would do

little good. He replied: "A man's help is something." Haflidi told them not to refuse his help. "Maybe," he

In those days in seagoing ships there were no scuppers for baling; they only had what is called bucket or

potbaling, a very troublesome and fatiguing process. There were two buckets, one of which went down

while the other came up. The men told Grettir to take the buckets down, and said they would try what he

could do. He said the less tried the better, and went below and filled his bucket. There were two men above to

empty the buckets as he handed them. Before long they both gave in from fatigue. Then four others took their

places, but the same thing happened. Some say that before they were done eight men were engaged in

emptying the buckets for him. At last the ship was baled dry. After this, the seamen altered their behaviour

towards Grettir, for they realised the strength which was in him. From that time on he was ever the forwardest

They now held an easterly course out to sea. It was very dark. One night when they least expected it, they

struck a rock and the lower part of the ship began to fill. The boats were got out and the women put into them

with all the loose property. There was an island a little way off, whither they carried as much of their property

as they could get off in the night. When the day broke, they began to ask where they were. Some of them who

had been about the country before recognised the coast of Sunnmore in Norway. There was an island lying a

little off the mainland called Haramarsey, with a large settlement and a farm belonging to the Landman on it.

The name of the Landman who lived in the island was Thorfinn. He was a son of Kar the Old, who had lived

When the day broke, the people on the island saw that there were some sailors there in distress and reported it

to Thorfinn, who at once set about to launch his large sixteenoared boat. He put out as quickly as possible

with some thirty men to save the cargo of the trader, which then sank and was lost, along with much property.

Thorfinn brought all the men off her to his house, where they stayed for a week drying their goods. Then they

Grettir stayed behind with Thorfinn, keeping very quiet and speaking little. Thorfinn gave him his board, but

took little notice of him. Grettir held rather aloof, and did not accompany him when he went abroad every

day. This annoyed Thorfinn, but he did not like to refuse Grettir his hospitality; he was a man who kept open

house, enjoyed life and liked to see other men happy. Grettir liked going about and visiting the people in the

other farms on the island. There was a man named Audun, who dwelt at Vindheim. Grettir went to see him

One evening very late when Grettir was preparing to return home, he saw a great fire shoot up on the

headland below Audun's place, and asked what new thing that might be. Audun said there was no pressing

"If they saw such a thing in our country," said Grettir, "they would say the fire came from some treasure."

"He who rules that fire," answered the man, "is one whom it will be better not to inquire about."

"On that headland," said Audun, "there is a howe, wherein lies Kar the Old, the father of Thorfinn. Once

upon a time father and son had a farmproperty on the island; but ever since Kar died his ghost has been

walking and has scared away all the other farmers, so that now the whole island belongs to Thorfinn, and no

"You have done right to tell me," said Grettir. Expect me here tomorrow morning, and have tools ready for

"I won't allow you to have anything to do with it," said Audun, "because I know that it will bring Thorfinn's

The night passed; Grettir appeared early the next morning, and the bondi, who had got all the tools for

digging ready, went with Grettir to the howe. Grettir broke open the grave, and worked with all his might,

never stopping until he came to wood, by which time the day was already spent. He tore away the woodwork;

Audun implored him not to go down, but Grettir bade him attend to the rope, saying that he meant to find out

what it was that dwelt there. Then he descended into the howe. It was very dark and the odour was not

pleasant. He began to explore how it was arranged, and found the bones of a horse. Then he knocked against

a sort of throne in which he was aware of a man seated. There was much treasure of gold and silver collected

together, and a casket under his feet, full of silver. Grettir took all the treasure and went back towards the

rope, but on his way he felt himself seized by a strong hand. He left the treasure to close with his aggressor

and the two engaged in a merciless struggle. Everything about them was smashed. The howedweller made a

ferocious onslaught. Grettir for some time gave way, but found that no holding back was possible. They did

not spare each other. Soon they came to the place where the horse's bones were lying, and here they struggled

for long, each in turn being brought to his knees. At last it ended in the howedweller falling backwards with a

horrible crash, whereupon Audun above bolted from the rope, thinking that Grettir was killed. Grettir then

drew his sword Jokulsnaut, cut off the head of the howedweller and laid it between his thighs. Then he went

with the treasure to the rope, but finding Audun gone he had to swarm up the rope with his hands. First he

tied the treasure to the lower end of the rope, so that he could haul it up after him. He was very stiff from his

struggle with Kar, but he turned his steps towards Thorfinn's house, carrying the treasure along with him. He

found them all at supper. Thorfinn cast a severe glance at him and asked what he had found so pressing to do

Then he brought out all the treasure which he had taken from the howe and laid it on the table. One thing

there was upon which more than anything else Grettir cast his eyes, a short sword, which he declared to be

finer than any weapon which he had ever seen. It was the last thing that he showed. Thorfinn opened his eyes

when he saw the sword, for it was an heirloom of his family and had never been out of it.

Thorfinn said: "You don't seem to take it very seriously; no one ever before had any wish to break open the

howe. But since I know that all treasure which is hidden in the earth or buried in a howe is in a wrong place I

"You have spoken well," Thorfinn answered. "But before I can give you the sword you must display your

Grettir said: "No one knows to whom the greatest profit will fall ere all is done."

Thorfinn took the treasure and kept the sword in his own custody near his bed. The winter came on bringing

The following summer jarl Eirik the son of Hakon was preparing to leave his country and sail to the West to

join his brotherinlaw King Knut the Great in England, leaving the government of Norway in the hands of

Hakon his son, who, being an infant, was placed under the government and regency of Eirik's brother, jarl

Sveinn. Before leaving Eirik summoned all his Landmen and the larger bondis to meet him. Eirik the jarl was

an able ruler, and they had much discussion regarding the laws and their administration. It was considered a

scandal in the land that pirates and berserks should be able to come into the country and challenge respectable

people to the holmgang for their money or their women, no weregild being paid whichever fell. Many had

lost their money and been put to shame in this way; some indeed had lost their lives. For this reason jarl Eirik

abolished all holmgang in Norway and declared all robbers and berserks who disturbed the peace outlaws.

Thorfinn the son of Kar of Haramarsey, being a man of wise counsel and a close friend of the jarl, was

The worst of these ruffians were two brothers named Thorir Paunch and Ogmund the Bad. They came from

Halogaland and were bigger and stronger than other men. When angry they used to fall into the berserk's

fury, and nothing escaped that was before them. They used to carry off men's wives, keep them for a week or

two and then send them back. Wherever they came they committed robberies and other acts of violence. Jarl

Eirik had declared them outlaws throughout Norway. The man who had been most active in getting them

outlawed was Thorfinn, and they were determined to pay him out in full for his hostility.

The jarl's expedition is told of in his saga, and the government of Norway was left in the hands of jarl Sveinn,

with the regency. Thorfinn returned home and remained there until about Yuletide, as has already been told.

Towards Yuletide he made ready to go on a journey to his farm called Slysfjord on the mainland, whither he

had invited a number of his friends. He could not take his wife with him, because their grownup daughter

was lying sick, so they both had to stay at home. Grettir and eight of the serving men remained with them.

Thorfinn went with thirty freemen to the Yule festival, at which there was much gladness and merriment.

Yuleeve set in with bright and clear weather. Grettir, who was generally abroad in the daytime, was

watching the vessels which came along the coast, some from the North, some from the South, meeting at the

places agreed upon for their drinkingbouts. The bondi's daughter was then better and could go out with her

mother. So the day passed. At last Grettir noticed a ship rowing up to the island, not large, covered with

shields amidships and painted above the waterline. They were rowing briskly and making for Thorfinn's

boathouses. They ran the boat on to the beach and all sprang ashore. Grettir counted the men; there were

twelve in all, and their aspect did not look peaceful. After hauling up their boat out of the water they all made

for the boathouse where Thorfinn's great boat, mentioned already, was stowed. She always required thirty

men to put her to sea, but the twelve shoved her along the beach at once. Then they brought their own boat

into the boathouse. It was very evident to Grettir that they did not mean to wait for an invitation, so he went

up to them, and greeting them in a friendly way asked who they were and who was their captain. The man

whom he addressed answered him at once, saying his name was Thorir, called Paunch; the others were his

brother Ogmund with their companions. "I think," he added, "that your master Thorfinn has heard our names

"You must be men who have luck," said Grettir, "you have come most opportunely, if you are the people I

take you for. The bondi has gone from home with all his freedmen and will not be back until after Yule. The

goodwife is at home with her daughter, and if I had any grudge to repay, I would come just as you do, for

Thorir was silent while Grettir went on talking. Then he turned to Ogmund and said: "Has anything not

happened as I said it would? I should not be sorry to punish Thorfinn for having got us outlawed. This man

seems ready to tell us everything; we don't have to drag the words out of his mouth."

"Every one is master of his own words," said Grettir. "If you will come home with me I will give you what

They thanked him and said they would accept his invitation. When they reached the house Grettir took Thorir

by the hand and led him into the hall. He was very talkative. The mistress was in the hall decorating it and

putting all in order. On hearing what Grettir said, she came to the door and asked who it was that Grettir was

Grettir answered: "It will be advisable, mistress, to be civil to these men who have come. They are the bondi

Thorir Paunch and his followers, and have come, all twelve of them, to spend Yuletide here. It is fortunate

She said: "I don't call them bondis, nor are they decent men, but arrant robbers and malefactors. I would

gladly pay a large portion of my property for them not to have come just at this time. It is an ill return that

you make to Thorfinn for having saved you from shipwreck and kept you this winter like a free man, destitute

"You would do better," said Grettir, "if you first took off the wet clothes from your guests instead of casting

Then Thorir said: "Don't be angry, mistress! You shall lose nothing by your husband being away, for you

shall have a man in his place and so shall your daughter and all the other women."

"That is spoken like a man," said Grettir. "The women shall be quite contented with what they get.

Then all the women fled and began to weep, being overcome by terror. Grettir said to the berserks: "Give me

all the things which you want to lay aside, your weapons and your wet clothes, for the men will not obey us

Thorir said he cared little for the women's whining. "But," he said, "we mean to treat you in a different way

from the other men of the house. It seems to me that we may make a comrade of you."

Then they laid aside most of their weapons. Grettir said: "I think now you had better sit down at the table and

They said they were quite ready for a drink, but did not know where the cellar was. Grettir asked whether

they would let him arrange for their entertainment, which they willingly agreed to. So Grettir went and

fetched some ale which he gave them to drink. They were very tired and drank enormously. He kept them

well plied with the strongest ale there was, and they sat there for a long time whilst he told them funny

stories. There was a tremendous din amongst them all, and the servants had no wish to approach them.

Thorir said: "I never yet met with a stranger who treated me like this man. What reward shall we give you for

Grettir replied: "I don't expect any reward for my services at present. But if when you depart we are still as

good friends as we seem to be now, I should very much like to join your company, and though I may not be

able to do as much work as any of you, I will not be a hindrance in any doughty undertaking."

They were delighted, and wanted to swear fellowship with him at once. Grettir said that could not be, "for,"

he added, "there is truth in the saying that Ale is another man, and such a thing should not be done hastily, so

let it remain at what I said; we are both little in the habit of restraining ourselves."

They declared that they did not mean to go back. The night was now coming on and it was getting very dark.

Grettir noticed that they were rather fuddled, and asked whether they did not think it was time to go to bed.

Thorir said: "So it is; but I have to fulfil my promise to the mistress." Grettir then went out and called out

The women execrated him and could be heard howling like wolves. The berserks then left the room. Grettir

said: "Let us go outside; I will show you the room in which Thorfinn keeps his clothes."

They were agreeable and all went out to an enormous outhouse, which was very strongly built, and had a

strong lock on the outer door. Adjoining it was a large and wellbuilt privy, with only a wooden partition

between it and the room of the outhouse, which was raised above the ground and had to be reached by steps.

The berserks then began skylarking and pushing Grettir about. He fell down the in steps, as if in sport, and in

a moment was out of the house, had pulled the bolt, slammed the door to, and locked it. Thorir and his mates

thought at first that the door had swung to of itself, and paid little attention; they had a light with them by

which Grettir had been showing them all Thorfinn's treasures, and they continued looking at them for some

Grettir went off to the homestead, and on reaching the door cried out very loud, asking where the mistress

was. She was silent, being afraid to answer. He said: "Here is rather good sport to be had. Are there any arms

"We will talk about that afterwards; but now let each do what he can; it is the last chance."

"Now indeed were God in the dwelling," she said, "if anything should happen to save us. Over Thorfinn's bed

there hangs the great halberd which belonged to Kar the Old; there, too, is a helmet and a corselet and a good

Grettir took the helmet and spear, girt the sword about him and went quickly out. The mistress called to her

men and bade them follow their brave champion. Four of them rushed to their arms, but the other four durst

Meantime the berserks thought that Grettir was a long time away and began to suspect some treachery. They

rushed to the door and found it locked. They strained at the woodwork till every timber groaned. At last they

tore down the wooden partition and so gained the passage where the privy was, and thence the steps. Then the

berserks' fury fell upon them and they howled like dogs. At that moment Grettir returned, and taking his

halberd in both hands he thrust it right through Thorir's body just as he was about to descend the steps. The

blade was very long and broad. Ogmund the Bad was just behind pushing him on, so that the spear passed

right up to the hook, came out at his back between the shoulderblades and entered the breast of Ogmund.

They both fell dead, pierced by the spear. Then all the others dashed down as they reached the steps. Grettir

tackled them each in turn, now thrusting with the spear, now hewing with the sword, while they defended

themselves with logs lying on the ground or with anything else which they could get. It was a terrible trial of

Grettir slew two of the Halogaland men there in the enclosure. Four of the servingmen then came up. They

had not been able to agree upon which arms each should take, but they came out to the attack directly the

berserks were running away; when these turned against them they fell back on the house. Six of the ruffians

fell, all slain by Grettir's own hand; the other six then fled towards the landing place and took refuge in the

boathouse, where they defended themselves with oars. Grettir received a severe blow from one of them and

The servingmen all went home and told great stories of their own exploits. The lady wanted to know what

had become of Grettir, but they could not tell her. Grettir slew two men in the boat house, but the other four

got away, two in one direction, two in another. He pursued those who were nearest to him. The night was

very dark. They ran to Vindheim, the place spoken of before, and took refuge in a barn, where they fought for

a long time until at last Grettir killed them. By this time he was terribly stiff and exhausted. The night was far

spent; it was very cold and there were driving snowstorms. He felt little inclination to go after the two who

yet remained, so he went back home. The goodwife kindled a light and put it in a window in the loft at the

top of the house, where it served him as a guide, and he was able to find his way home by the light. When he

"You have earned great glory," she said, "and have saved me and my household from a disgrace never to be

"I think I am much the same person as I was last evening when you spoke so roughly to me," said Grettir.

"We knew not then the might that was in you," she said, "as we know it now. Everything in the house shall be

yours, so far as it is fitting for me to bestow and right for you to receive. I doubt not that Thorfinn will reward

"There is little that I want as a reward at present," said Grettir. "But I accept your offer until your husband

returns. I think now that you will be able to sleep in peace undisturbed by the berserks."

Grettir drank little before he retired and lay all night in his armour. In the morning, directly the day broke, all

the men of the island were called together to go forth and search for the two berserks who had escaped. They

were found at the end of the day lying under a rock, both dead from cold and from their wounds; they were

carried away and buried in a place on the shore beneath the tide, with some loose stones over them, after

which the islanders returned home, feeling that they could live in peace. When Grettir came back to the house

She answered: "Certainly you are very unlike any other man now living." She set him in the high seat and

When Yuletide was past, Thorfinn made ready for his homeward journey and dismissed his many guests

with gifts. He sailed with all his men and landed near the place where the boathouses were. They saw a ship

lying on the sand which they at once recognised as his great boat. Thorfinn had heard nothing of the vikings

and told his men to put him on shore, "for I suspect," he said, "that they are not friends who have been at

Thorfinn was the first to land, and went straight to the boat house, where he saw a craft which he knew at

once to be that of the berserks. He said to his men: "I suspect that things have taken place here such that I

would give the whole island and everything that is in it for them not to have happened."

"Vikings have been here, men whom I know as the worst in all Norway, namely Thorir Paunch and Ogmund

Then he spoke many things to his men. Grettir was at home and detained the men from going down to the

shore. He said he did not care if the bondi got a little fright from what he saw. The goodwife asked his leave

to go down, and he said she was mistress of her own ways, but that he was not going. So she hurried away to

greet Thorfinn and embraced him joyfully. He was rejoiced to see her and said: "God be praised that I see

"It has ended well," she said. "But we were nigh to suffering a disgrace which could never have been wiped

Then she told him fully all that had happened, praising highly Grettir's courage and resourcefulness. Thorfinn

was silent while she was speaking, and when she had finished he said: "True indeed is the word, `Long shall a

Then they went up to the house. Thorfinn went to Grettir and turned towards him and thanked him with the

"I will say a word to you," he said, "which few would say to their friend. I would it might happen that you

should need the help of a man, for you to know whether I count for anything or not; I cannot repay what you

have done for me as long as you are not in straits. You shall have in my house whatever you desire, and shall

Grettir thanked him and said he would have accepted his offer even if he had made it earlier.

Grettir stayed there the rest of the winter in high favour with Thorfinn. The fame of his deed spread through

all Norway, especially in those parts where the berserks had ravaged most mercilessly. In the spring Thorfinn

asked him what he would like to do. He said he would go North to Vagar while the fair was on there.

Thorfinn said that any money which he required should be at his service; Grettir said he did not want more

just then than enough to pay for his living. Thorfinn said that was his due, and brought him to a ship, where

he gave him the excellent short sword. Grettir kept it as long as he lived; it was a most precious possession.

Grettir then travelled to Vagar, which was crowded with people. Many whom he had never set eyes on before

greeted him warmly because of his exploit in killing the vikings, and several of the leading men invited him

to stay with them, but he preferred to return to his friend Thorfinn. So he took his passage in a trading ship

belonging to one Thorkell, a man of some consideration in Salfti in Halogaland. Grettir went to visit Thorkell

in his home, where he received a hearty welcome and a very pressing invitation to stay there for the winter.

Grettir accepted the invitation and stayed the winter with Thorkell, who treated him with great honour.

There was a man named Bjorn who was then on a visit to Thorkell. He was of a somewhat violent character

of good family and related in some way to Thorkell. He was not generally liked, because he was too much

given to talking against the men who were about Thorkell and drove many away from him. He and Grettir did

not get on at all. Bjorn thought him of small account compared to himself; Grettir paid him little deference,

and it became an open feud. Bjorn was a boisterous swaggering man, and many of the younger men imitated

It happened at the beginning of the winter that a savage brown bear broke out of its den and raged about

destroying men and cattle. Every one declared that it had been provoked by the noise which Bjorn and his

company made. The beast became most mischievous, attacking the flocks in the very face of the men

themselves. Thorkell, being the wealthiest man of that part, suffered most. One day he called up his men to

come with him and search out the bear's den. They found it in a cliff by the sea where there was a cave under

an overhanging rock, with a narrow path leading to the entrance. Below was a sheer precipice down to the

beach, threatening certain death to any one who stumbled. In this den the bear lay in the daytime, going

abroad at night. Fences were of no avail against him, nor could the dogs do anything, so that all were in the

utmost distress. Thorkell's kinsman Bjorn declared that the main thing was gained now that they had found

the den. "Now we shall see," he said, "how the game will go with me and my namesake." Grettir pretended

In the evenings when the others retired to bed, Bjorn used generally to go out. One night he went to the bear's

den and found the creature inside, growling horribly. He lay down in the path, placing his shield over him,

intending to wait until the beast came out as usual. Bruin, however, got wind of him and was rather slow in

coming out. Bjorn got very sleepy where he was lying and could not keep awake; in the meantime out came

the bear from his den and saw a man lying there. He clawed at him, dragged off his shield and threw it down

the cliff. Bjorn woke up, not a little startled, took to his heels and ran off home, narrowly escaping the bear's

clutches. His friends knew all about it, having watched his movements; on the next morning they found the

At Yuletime Thorkell himself went out to the den with Bjorn, Grettir and others of his men, a party of eight

in all. Grettir had on a fur cape which he put off when they were attacking the bear. It was rather difficult to

get at him, since they could only reach him with spearthrusts, which he parried with his teeth. Bjorn kept

urging them on to tackle him, but himself did not go near enough to be in any danger. At last, when no one

was looking out, he took Grettir's fur cloak and threw it in to the bear. They did not succeed in getting the

bear out, and when night came on turned to go home. Grettir then missed his cloak and saw that the bear had

"Who has been playing tricks on me?" he cried. "Who threw my cloak into the cave?"

Then they started on their way home. After they had gone a little way Grettir's garter broke. Thorkell told

them to wait for him, but Grettir said it was not necessary. Then Bjorn said: "There is no need to suppose that

Grettir will run away from his cloak. He wants to have the honour of killing the beast all alone, and he will

say that we eight men went away. Then he would appear to be what he is said to be. He has been backward

"I don't know how you stand in that matter," said Thorkell. "You and he are not equal in valour; do not make

Bjorn said that neither he nor Grettir should choose the words out of his mouth.

There was a hill between them and Grettir, who had turned back along the footpath. Now he had no others to

reckon with in making the attack. He drew his sword Jokulsnaut and tied a loop round the handle which he

passed over his wrist, because he thought that he could carry out his plans better if his hand were free. He

went along the path. When the bear saw a man coming, he charged savagely, and struck at him with the paw

that was on the side away from the precipice. Grettir aimed a blow at him with his sword and cut off his paw

just above the claws. Then the creature tried to strike him with his sound paw, but to do so he had to drop on

the stump, which was shorter than he expected, and over he fell into Grettir's embraces. Grettir seized the

beast by the ears and held him off so that he could not bite. He always said that he considered this holding

back the bear the greatest feat of strength that he ever performed. The beast struggled violently; the space was

very narrow, and they both fell over the precipice. The bear being the heavier came down first on the beach;

Grettir fell on the top of him, and the bear was badly mauled on the side that was down. Grettir got his sword,

ran it into the heart of the bear and killed him. Then he went home, after fetching his cloak which was torn to

Thorkell was sitting and drinking when Grettir entered. They all laughed at the ragged cloak which he was

wearing. Then he laid the piece of the paw upon the table. Thorkell said: "Where is my kinsman Bjorn? I

never saw iron bite like that in your hands. Now I would like you to show Grettir some honour to make up for

Bjorn said that could wait, and that it mattered little to him whether Grettir was pleased or not. Grettir then

"It is true," said Bjorn, "that you have fought well; and also true that our opinions differ. I suppose you think

Thorkell said: "I should be glad, Grettir, if you would not revenge yourself upon Bjorn. I will pay the full

Bjorn said he might invest his money better than in paying for that; and that it would be better for him and

Grettir to go on bickering since "each oak has that which it scrapes from the other." Thorkell said: "But I ask

you, Grettir, to do so much for my sake as not to attack Bjorn while you are both with me."

Bjorn said that he would walk without fear of Grettir wherever they met. Grettir grinned, and would accept

In the spring Grettir went North to Vagar with Thorkell's men. They parted with friendship. Bjorn went West

to England in Thorkell's ship, of which he was master, staying there for the summer and transacting the

business which Thorkell had entrusted to him. In the end of the autumn he returned from the western parts.

Grettir stayed in Vagar till the trading ships left, and then sailed South with some of the traders, as far as the

port of Gartar at the mouth of the Thrandheim's Fjord, where he set up the awnings to make a stay. When

they were settled down a ship came up along the coast from the South, which they at once recognised as one

of the ships from England. She made fast further out off the coast and her crew landed. Grettir went out with

his companions to visit them. On their meeting Grettir found Bjorn amongst the company and said: "It is well

that we meet here, for now we can continue our former quarrel. I should like to try which of us is the better

Bjorn said that was all past now, as far as he was concerned. "But," he said, "if there has been anything

between us I will pay you such compensation that you shall be satisfied." Grettir spoke a verse:

Bjorn said that weightier matters than this had been settled by payment. Grettir said that few men had any

reason to act maliciously towards him; he had accepted no moneyatonement, nor would he do so now; that

if he had his way they should not both go away unhurt, and that if Bjorn refused to fight he would brand him

as a coward. Bjorn saw that excuses would not avail him, so he took his arms and went out. They rushed at

each other and fought; soon Bjorn was wounded and then he fell dead to the ground. On seeing that, his men

went on board their ship, sailed away to the North along the coast to Thorkell's place and told him what had

happened. He said it had not come sooner than he expected. Directly afterwards he sailed to the South to

Grettir, after slaying Bjorn, went to More to his friend Thorfinn and told him exactly what had happened.

Thorfinn received him in a most friendly way. "I am glad," he said, "that you will now have need of a friend.

Jarl Sveinn was staying at Steinker in Thrandheim when he heard of the Slaying of Bjorn. With him was a

brother of Bjorn named Hjarrandi, as one of his bodyguard. On hearing of Bjorn's death he became very

angry and begged the jarl for his support in the matter, which the jarl promised that he should have. He sent

messengers to Thorfinn to summon both him and Grettir to appear before him. Immediately on receiving the

jarl's commands they both made ready and came to Thrandheim. The jarl held a council on the matter and

ordered Hjarrandi to be present. Hjarrandi said he was not going to weigh his brother against his purse, and

When the case was looked into, it became evident that Bjorn had given Grettir many provocations. Thorfinn

offered to pay a fine such as the jar] thought suitable to the position of his kinsman, and dwelt at length upon

Grettir's achievement in killing the berserks, and how he had delivered the men in the North from them.

The jarl answered: "Truth do you speak, Thorfinn! that was indeed a cleansing! It would befit us well to

accept the compensation for your sake. Grettir, too, is a fine fellow, and noted for his strength and valour."

Hjarrandi, however, would accept no compensation, and the meeting came to an end. Thorfinn appointed one

of his kinsmen, Arnbjorn, to accompany Grettir every day, for he knew that Hjarrandi was plotting against his

One day Grettir and Arnbjorn were walking along the road for their diversion when they passed a gate,

whence a man rushed out holding an axe aloft with both hands and struck at Grettir, who was not on his

guard and was moving slowly. Arnbjorn, however, saw the man coming, seized Grettir and pushed him aside

with such force that he fell on his knee. The axe struck him in the shoulderblade and cut down to below the

arm, inflicting a severe wound. Grettir turned quickly and drew his sword; he saw that it was Hjarrandi who

had attacked him. The axe had stuck fast in the road, and Hjarrandi was slow in recovering it. Grettir struck at

him and cut off his arm at the shoulder. Then there came running up five of Hjarrandi's followers and a battle

began with them. They were soon routed; Grettir and Arnbjorn killed the five who were with Hjarrandi; one

man escaped and bore the tale to the jarl forthwith. The jarl was very angry indeed, and summoned the

assembly for the next day. Thorfinn and his party appeared thereat. The jarl brought a charge of manslaughter

against Grettir, who admitted it and said that he had been obliged to defend himself. "I bear the marks of it,"

The jarl said it was a pity he had not been killed, for this affair would lead to many a man being slain if he

There had come to the jarl's court Bersi the son of Skaldtorfa, Grettir's comrade and friend. He and Thorfinn

stepped before the jarl and begged for pardon for Grettir. They asked that the jarl should decide the matter

himself as he thought best, only that Grettir should have his life and the freedom of the country. The jarl was

averse to any terms being granted to him, but gave way to their entreaties. He granted immunity to Grettir

until the spring, but not absolutely until Gunnar the brother of Bjorn and Hjarrandi should be present. Gunnar

In the spring the jarl ordered Grettir and Thorfinn to appear at Tunsberg, where he himself intended to be

while the shipping was assembled. So thither they went, and found the jarl was already in the town. There

Grettir met his brother Thorsteinn Dromund, who greeted him joyfully and invited him to be his guest. He

was a landowner in the town. Grettir told him all about his case, and Thorsteinn took his view of it, but told

Gunnar was in the town and was plotting against Grettir's life. Wherever he went Gunnar dogged his steps

wherever he found a chance of getting near him. One day Grettir was sitting in a booth and drinking, because

he wanted to keep out of Gunnar's way. Suddenly there was a bang at the door, so hard that it broke in pieces,

and in rushed four men armed and attacked Grettir. They were Gunnar with his followers. Grettir seized his

arms which were hanging above his head and ran into a corner, where he defended himself, holding his shield

before him, and hewing with his sword. They made little way against him. One blow he succeeded in

delivering upon one of Gunnar's followers, who needed nothing more. Then Grettir advanced, driving them

before him out of the booth, and killing another of them. Gunnar would fain have got away with his men, but

on reaching the door he caught his foot on the doorstep, fell over and was not able to recover himself at once.

He held his shield before him and retreated as Grettir pressed him hard. Then Grettir sprang on to the

crossbenches near the door. Gunnar's hands and the shield were still inside the door, and Grettir struck down

between him and the shield, cutting off both his hands at the wrist. He fell backwards out of the door, and

Grettir gave him his deathblow. Then the man who was behind him got on his feet and ran off at once to tell

the jarl what had happened. Sveinn was furious, and called the assembly to meet there and then in the town.

When Thorfinn and Thorsteinn Dromund heard the news, they called all their followers and friends together

and went to the meeting in force. The jarl was very wroth, and it was no easy matter to get speech with him.

Thorfinn was the first to come before the jarl, and he said: "I have come to offer an honourable atonement for

the man who has been slain by Grettir. The judgment shall remain with you alone if you but spare his life."

The jarl replied in great wrath: "It is too late to beg for Grettir's life, and you have no case that I can see. He

has killed three brothers, one at the feet of the other; men of noble minds who would not weigh each other

against their purses. Now, Thorfinn, it will not avail you to beg for Grettir; I will not do such a wrong in the

Then Bersi the son of Skaldtorfa came up and begged the jarl to accept bloodmoney. "Grettir," he said, "is a

man of high birth and is my good friend. I offer you what I possess. May you see, my lord, that it is better by

sparing one man to earn the goodwill of many and to fix the penalty yourself than to refuse honourable terms

The jarl replied: "You do right, Bersi; and herein as ever you show your worth. But I do not mean to break

Then Thorsteinn Dromund came forward, and he, too, offered bloodmoney on behalf of Grettir, adding

many fair words thereto. The jarl asked what moved him to offer bloodmoney for the man. Thorsteinn said

"It shows a manly spirit in you," he said, "that you want to help him. But as I am determined not to accept

bloodmoney in this case, I must treat the requests of all of you alike. I must have Grettir's life whatever it

XXIV. GRETTIR KILLS GUNNAR. HIS FRIENDS RALLY ROUND HIM AND SAVE HIM FROM THE VENGEANCE OF THE JARL 31

Then the jarl rose quickly up and refused to hear any more about atonement. They all went home with

Thorsteinn and made their preparations, whereupon the jarl ordered all the men of his guard under arms and

went forth with a large force. Before they came up, Grettir's friends had made ready to defend the house.

Thorfinn, Thorsteinn, Grettir himself, and Bersi were in the forefront, each with a large force of followers

behind him. The jarl summoned them to give up Grettir, and not to bring trouble on themselves. They

repeated their former offers, but the jarl would not listen to them. Thorfinn and Thorsteinn said that more was

at stake for the jarl than the taking of Grettir's life. "One fate shall fall upon us all," they cried, "and men shall

say that you have given much for the life of one man when we are all laid low with the ground."

The jarl said he would spare none of them, and they were on the very verge of a battle when many of the

welldisposed men came up to him and begged him not to land himself in such a difficulty. He should bear in

mind that these men would work great havoc among his own followers before they fell. The jarl thought this

counsel was wise and let himself be somewhat appeased. Then the terms of atonement were settled. Thorfinn

and Thorsteinn were ready to pay so long as Grettir's life was spared. The jarl said: "You must know that

although I agree to this compromise, I do not consider it a full amnesty. Only I have no mind to fight against

Thorfinn said: "Yours is all the greater honour, my lord, that you will have the fixing of the penalty yourself."

The jarl said that Grettir should have leave from him to depart from the country in peace for Iceland, directly

there was a ship leaving, if so it seemed good to them. They agreed and paid the money to the jarl to his

satisfaction. They parted with little friendship. Grettir went with Thorfinn after bidding an affectionate

Thorfinn earned great honour for the support which he had given Grettir against such odds as he had to deal

with. Not one of the men who had helped Grettir was ever received into favour again with the jarl, excepting

Grettir returned with Thorfinn to the North and stayed with him until he found a ship with some traders who

were bound for Iceland. Thorfinn gave him many valuable garments and a coloured saddle with a bridle.

They parted with friendship, and Thorfinn invited him to come and see him if ever he returned to Norway.

Asmund Longhair was in Bjarg whilst Grettir was away, and was much respected as a bondi in Midfjord.

Thorkell Krafla had died during Grettir's absence. Thorvald Asgeirsson dwelt in Ass in Vatnsdal and was a

XXV. EVENTS IN ICELAND. THORGILS MAKSSON ATTACKED BY THE FOSTER BROTHERS AND SLAIN 32

great chief. He was the father of Dalla who married Isleif, afterwards bishop in Skalaholt. Asmund had great

There grew up in Asmund's household a youth named Thorgils Maksson, a near kinsman of his. Thorgils was

a strong man of his body and made much money under Asmund's guidance; he dwelt at Laekjamot, on a

property which Asmund had bought for him. Thorgils was a good manager and went to Strandir every year,

where he obtained whales and other things. He was a man of great courage, and went as far as the eastern

Almenningar. At that time the two fosterbrothers Thorgeir Havarsson and Thormod CoalbrowSkald were

very much to the front; they kept a boat, gathering what they wanted from the country around, and had not

One summer Thorgils Maksson found a whale at the Almenningar and went out at once with his men to cut it

up. When the two fosterbrothers heard of it they went there too, and at first it seemed as if matters would be

settled peaceably. Thorgils proposed that they should share equally that part of the whale which was yet

uncut, but they wanted to have all the uncut part or else to share the entire whale. Thorgils positively refused

to give up any portion of what had already been cut. They began to use threats and at last took to their arms

and fought. Thorgeir and Thorgils fought each of them desperately together without either prevailing. After a

long and furious battle Thorgils fell slain by Thorgeir. In another place Thormod was fighting with the

followers of Thorgils, and he overcame them, killing three. Those who remained of Thorgils' party went off

after he fell to Midfjord, taking his body with them and feeling that they had suffered a great loss. The

fosterbrothers took possession of the whole whale. The affair is referred to in the memorial poem which

News of the death of his kinsman was brought to Asmund Longhair, on whom as nearest of kin the

bloodfeud devolved. He went to the spot, called witnesses to testify to the wounds and brought the case

before the AllThing, which appeared to be the proper course in this case where the act had been committed

There was a man named Thorsteinn; he was the son of Thorkell Kuggi, the son of Thord Yeller, the son of

Olaf Feilan, the son of Thorsteinn the Red, the son of Aud the DeepMinded. Thorsteinn Kuggason's mother

was Thurid, daughter of Asgeir Hothead. Asgeir was the brother of Asmund Longhair's father. Thorsteinn

Kuggason was equally responsible in the bloodfeud over Thorgils' death with Asmund Longhair, who now

sent for him. Thorsteinn was a great warrior and very masterful. He came at once to his kinsman Asmund and

they had a talk together about the suit. Thorsteinn was for extreme measures. He said that no bloodmoney

should be accepted; that with their connections they were powerful enough to carry through a sentence of

either banishment or death on the slayer. Asmund said he would support any measures whatever that he chose

to adopt. They rode then North to Thorvald their kinsman and asked for his support, which he at once

promised them. So the suit was begun against Thorgeir and Thormod. Thorsteinn then rode home to his

dwelling at Ljarskogar in the Hvamm district. Skeggi in Hvamm also joined Thorsteinn. He was a son of

Thorarin Fylsenni, a son of Thord the Yeller. His mother was Fridgerd, a daughter of Thord from Hofdi.

They had a large following at the AllThing and pressed their suit valiantly. Asmund and Thorvald rode from

There dwelt at Reykjaholar a man named Thorgils, the son of Ari, the son of Mar, the son of Atli the Red, the

son of Ulf Squint Eye, the first settler at Reykjanes. Thorgils' mother was Thorgerd the daughter of Alf of

XXVI. THE FEUD WITH THE FOSTERBROTHERS IS TAKEN UP BY ASMUND AND THORSTEINN KUGGASON 33

Dalir. Alf had another daughter named Thorelf, who was the mother of Thorgeir the son of Havar. Thorgeir,

therefore, had a very strong backing through his connections, for Thorgils was the most powerful chief in the

Vestfirding quarter. He was very openhanded and gave hospitality to any freeman for as long as he would.

There was consequently always a crowd at Reykjaholar, and he lived in great grandeur. He was both kindly

and wise. Thorgeir stayed with him in the winter and went to Strandir in the summer.

After slaying Thorgils the son of Mak, Thorgeir went to Reykjaholar and told Thorgils Arason what had

happened. Thorgils told him his house was open to him. "But," he said, "they will press the matter

vigorously, and I am most unwilling to involve myself in difficulties. I will send a man now to Thorsteinn

and offer him bloodmoney for the Thorgils affair; if he will not accept it I will not adopt any violent

Thorgeir declared that he would submit to his wisdom. In the autumn Thorgils sent a messenger to Thorsteinn

Kuggason to try and arrange a settlement. Thorsteinn was very disinclined to accept any money in atonement

for the slaying of Thorgils, although for the others he was willing to follow the advice of men of counsel.

Thorgils on receiving the report of his messenger called Thorgeir to a consultation with him and asked him

what support he thought was proper. Thorgeir said that if a sentence of banishment were passed upon him he

There came a ship into the Nordra river in Borgarfjord, and Thorgils secretly took a passage in her for the two

foster brothers. The winter now passed, and Thorgils heard that Thorsteinn and his party had assembled in

great force for the AllThing and were then in Ljarskogar. So he put off his departure, intending that they

should arrive from the North before he came up from the West. So it came to pass. Thorgils and Thorgeir

then rode towards the South, Thorgeir killing one BoggulTorfi on the way at Marskelda and two other men

named Skuf and Bjarni at Hundadal. Thormod sings about this affair in his Thorgeir's drapa:

Thorgils settled for the slaying of Skuf and Bjarni there and then in the dale, and was delayed by the affair

longer than he intended. Thorgeir embarked on the ship and Thorgils went to the Thing, where he did not

arrive before they were proceeding to judgment in Thorgils Maksson's case. Asmund Longhair then called for

the defence. Thorgils appeared before the court and offered bloodmoney in atonement on condition of

Thorgeir not being sentenced to banishment. He endeavoured to meet the charge by pleading that finds in the

Almenningar were free to all. The question whether this was a valid defence or not was referred to the

Lawman, who at that time was Skapti. He upheld Asmund's view on account of their kinship together. He

declared that this was indeed the law in the case of men equal in position, but that a bondi had precedence

over a vagrant. Asmund further urged that Thorgils had offered to share the uncut portion of the whale with

the fosterbrothers when they arrived. The defendants were nonsuited on that point. Then Thorsteinn and

his party pressed their suit resolutely and said they would not be satisfied with any sentence short of

banishment upon Thorgeir. Thorgils saw that no choice was left to him but either to call up his men and try to

carry his case with violence, the issue of which would be uncertain, or else to submit to the sentence

demanded by the opposite party, and since Thorgeir was already on board his ship Thorgils had no desire to

press the case further. Thorgeir was banished, but Thormod was discharged upon payment of bloodmoney.

Asmund and Thorsteinn gained great glory by this case. The men rode home from the Thing. There were

some who said that Thorgils had not taken much trouble in the case, but he paid little attention and let them

When Thorgeir heard that he was banished, he said that if he had his way, those who had brought it about

XXVI. THE FEUD WITH THE FOSTERBROTHERS IS TAKEN UP BY ASMUND AND THORSTEINN KUGGASON 34

There was a man named Gaut, called the son of Sleita, a kinsman of Thorgils Maksson. He was intending to

travel in the same ship with Thorgeir, with whom he was on very bad terms, and frowned on him. The traders

thought it would never do to have them both together in the ship. Thorgeir said he did not care what Gaut did

with his eyebrows. Nevertheless they decided that Gaut should leave the ship. He went into the northern

districts and for that time nothing happened, but the affair brought about a feud between them which broke

In the course of that summer Grettir Asmundsson returned to Skagafjord. He had such a reputation for

strength that none of the younger men was supposed to be his equal. He soon came to his home in Bjarg, and

Asmund gave him a fitting welcome. Atli was then managing the property and the brothers agreed well

together, but Grettir became so overweening that he thought nothing was beyond his powers.

Many of the youths with whom Grettir had played at Midfjordsvatn before he left were now grown up.

Audun, the son of Asgeir, the son of Audun, was now living at Audunarstad in Vididal. He was a good bondi

and a kindly man, and was the strongest of all the men in the northern parts, as well as the most modest.

Grettir had not forgotten how he had seemingly been worsted by Audun at the ballplay, as related above,

and he was anxious to try which of them had gained most since. With this object he went at the beginning of

the hayharvest to Audunarstad. Grettir put on all his finery and rode with the coloured and richly

ornamented saddle which Thorfinn had given him, on a splendid horse and in his best armour to Audun's

place, where he arrived early in the day and knocked at the door. Few of the men were in the house, and to

Grettir's question whether Audun was at home, they replied that he had gone to the hilldairy to bring home

some produce. Grettir took the bridle off his horse. The hay had not been mown in the meadow and the horse

went for the part where the grass was thickest. Grettir entered the room and sat down on the bench, where he

fell asleep. Soon Audun returned home and saw a horse in the meadow with a coloured saddle on its back. He

was bringing two horses loaded with curds in skins tied at the mouth socalled "curdbags." Audun took

the skins off the horses and was carrying them in his arms so that he could not see in front of him. Grettir's

leg was stretched out before him and Audun stumbled over it, falling on the curdbags which broke at the

neck. Audun sprang up and asked what rascal that was in his house. Grettir told him his name.

"You can do that," answered Grettir, "if you have no one else to do it for you."

Audun bent down, gathered up the skin and threw it right into Grettir's breast, telling him to take what he sent

him. Grettir was all covered with curds, and felt more disgusted than at any wound which Audun could have

given him. Then they went for each other and wrestled pretty smartly. Grettir rushed at him, but Audun

escaped his grasp. He saw, however, that Grettir had gained upon him. They drove up and down the room,

overthrowing everything that was near them. Neither of them spared himself, but Grettir had the advantage,

and at last Audun fell, after tearing off all Grettir's weapons. They struggled hard and the din was terrific.

Then there was a loud noise below. Grettir heard a man ride up to the house, get off his horse and come

quickly inside. He saw a handsome man in a red jacket wearing a helmet. Hearing the commotion going on in

the room where they were wrestling, he came in and asked what was in the room. Grettir told him his name;

"I don't know about your play," said Bardi. "But you are not alike. You are overbearing and insolent, while he

Grettir said: "Many a man seizes the lock for the door. You would do better to avenge your brother Hall than

"I am always hearing that," said Bardi, "and I don't know whether I shall ever obtain my vengeance. But I

Grettir said he was willing to do so because of Bardi's intercession, though he did not like it much. Bardi

Bardi said there was certainly some excuse if he was taking revenge. "Let me now settle it between you," he

So they consented, for they were kinsmen. But Grettir had little liking for Bardi or his brothers. They all rode

away together. On the way Grettir said: "I hear, Bardi, that you intend to go South to Borgarfjord this

summer; I propose that I shall go with you, which I think is more than you deserve."

Bardi was very pleased with this offer, and at once accepted it most thankfully. Then they parted. Bardi then

turned back and said to Grettir: "I would like it to be understood that you only come with me if it meets with

Thorarin's approval, since all the arrangements for the expedition are with him."

"I thought," said Grettir, "you were competent to make your arrangements for yourself. I do not leave my

Then each went his own way. Bardi promised to send Grettir word "if Thorarin wished him to go." Otherwise

he could remain quietly at home. Grettir then rode to Bjarg and Bardi to his own home.

That summer there was a great horsefight at Langafit below Reykir, whither a great many people came

together. Atli of Bjarg had a good stallion of Keingala's race; grey with a dark stripe down his back. Both

father and son valued the horse highly. The two brothers Kormak and Thorgils in Mel had a very mettlesome

brown stallion, and they arranged to match it against that of Atli from Bjarg. Many other excellent stallions

were brought. Odd the NeedySkald, Kormak's kinsman, had the charge of their horse on the day. He had

grown into a strong man and had a high opinion of himself; he was surly and reckless. Grettir asked Atli who

"Then you must keep very cool, kinsman," he said. "We have men to deal with who are rather overbearing."

The stallions were led out and the mares tethered together in the front on the bank of the river. There was a

large pool just beyond the bank. The horses fought vigorously and there was excellent sport. Odd managed

his horse pluckily and Grettir gave way before him, holding the tail of his horse with one hand and with the

other the stick with which he pricked it on. Odd stood in the front by his horse, and one could not be sure that

he was not pricking off Atli's horse from his own. Grettir pretended not to notice it. The horses then came

near the river. Then Odd thrust with his pointed stick at Grettir and caught him in the shoulderblade which

Grettir was turning towards him. He struck pretty hard, and the flesh swelled up, but Grettir was little hurt. At

the same moment the horses reared. Grettir ducked beneath the flank of his horse and drove his stick into

Odd's side with such violence that three of his ribs were broken and Odd fell into the pool with his horse and

all the mares that were tethered there by the bank. Some people swam out and rescued them. There was great

excitement about it. Kormak's men on one side and those of Bjarg on the other seized their arms, but the men

of Hrutafjord and Vatnsnes came between them and parted them. They all went home in great wrath, but kept

quiet for a time. Atli said very little, but Grettir rather swaggered and said that they should meet again if he

There was living in Thoroddsstad in Hrutafjord a man named Thorbjorn. He was the son of Arnor

DownyNose, the son of Thorodd who had settled in that side of Hrutafjord which lies opposite to Bakki.

Thorbjorn was of all men the strongest, and was called Oxmain. He had a brother named Thorodd, called

Drapustuf. Their mother was Gerd, daughter of Bodvar from Bodvarsholar. Thorbjorn was a great

swashbuckler and kept a large troop of followers. He was noted for being worse at getting servants than other

men, and scarcely paid them any wages. He was not a man easy to deal with. There was a kinsman of his,

also named Thorbjorn, called Slowcoach. He was a mariner, and the two namesakes were in partnership

together. He was always at Thoroddsstad and people did not think he made Thorbjorn any better. He liked to

There was a man named Thorir, a son of Thorkell, at Bordeyr. He first lived at Melar in Hrutafjord, and had a

daughter named Helga who married SleituHelgi. After the Fagrabrekka affair Thorir went South to

Haukadal and lived in Skard, selling the property at Melar to Thorhall the Winelander, the son of Gamli.

Thorhall's son Gamli married Rannveig, the daughter of Asmund Longhair, Grettir's sister. They lived at that

time in Melar and had a good establishment. Thorir of Skard had two sons, Gunnar and Thorgeir, both

promising men, who took over the property from their father, but were always with Thorbjorn Oxmain, and

In the summer of that year Kormak and Thorgils rode with a kinsman of theirs named Narfi South to

Nordrardal on some business. Odd the NeedySkald had recovered from the hurts which he had received at

the horsefight and was of the party. While they were south of the heath Grettir was journeying from his

home at Bjarg with two of Atli's men. They rode to Burfell and then across the neck to Hrutafjord, reaching

Melar in the evening, where they spent three nights. Rannveig and Gamli gave Grettir a friendly reception

and invited him to stay, but he wanted to return home. Then Grettir learned of Kormak's company having

come from the South, and that they were staying at Tunga at night. He prepared to leave Melar at once, and

Gamli offered to send some of his men with him. Gamli's brother Grim, who was very smart and active, and

another rode with Grettir. The party, five in number, came to Hrutafjardarhals to the west of Burfell, where

the great stone called Grettishaf lies; he struggled a long time with that stone, trying to lift it, and delayed his

journey thereby until Kormak's party came up. Grettir went towards them and both alighted from their horses.

Grettir said it would be more seemly for free men to set to work with all their might instead of fighting with

sticks like tramps. Kormak told them to take up the challenge like men and to do their best. So they went for

each other. Grettir was in front of his men and told them to see that nobody got behind him. They fought for a

On the same day Thorbjorn Oxmain had ridden across the neck to Burfell, and as he returned with Thorbjorn

Slowcoach, Gunnar and Thorgeir, the sons of Thorir, and Thorodd Drapustuf, he saw the fight going on. On

coming up, Thorbjorn called upon his men to go between them, but they were struggling so furiously that

nobody could get at them. Grettir was making a clean sweep of everything round him. Before him were the

sons of Thorir. He pushed them back and they both fell over. This made them furious, and the consequence

was that Gunnar gave a blow to one of Atli's men which killed him. Thorbjorn on seeing that ordered them to

separate, saying that he would give his support to whichever side obeyed him. By then two of Kormak's men

had fallen. Grettir saw that it would scarcely do if Thorbjorn joined the opposite side, so he gave up the

battle. All those who had fought were wounded. Grettir was much disgusted at their being separated, but both

Thorbjorn Slowcoach made great game of all this, and the relations between the men of Bjarg and Thorbjorn

Oxmain became strained in consequence, until at last there was a regular feud, which however broke out

later. No compensation was offered to Atli for his man, and he went on as if he knew nothing of it. Grettir

stayed at Bjarg till the Tvimonth. It is not known that he and Kormak ever met again; at least it is not

Bardi the son of Gudmund and his brothers rode home to Asbjarnarnes when they left Grettir. They were the

sons of Gudmund the son of Solmund. Solmund's mother was Thorlaug, daughter of Saemund the

Southerner, the fosterbrother of Ingimund the Old. Bardi was a man of great distinction. Soon he went to

see his fosterfather Thorarin the Wise, who welcomed him and asked what help he had been able to obtain,

for Bardi's journey had been arranged beforehand by them both. Bardi answered that he had engaged a man

whose help he thought worth more than that of two others. Thorarin was silent for a moment and then said:

"The guess of the wise is truth," said Bardi. "That is the very man, my fosterfather."

Thorarin answered: "It is true that Grettir is beyond all other men of whom there is now choice in the country;

nor will he be easily subdued by arms so long as he is sound. But great arrogance is in him now, and I have

misgivings as to his luck. It is important for you that all your men on your expedition are not men of an evil

star. It is enough if he does not fare with you. He shall not come if my counsel is followed."

"I did not expect, my fosterfather," said he, "that you would deny me the man who is bravest in all that he

undertakes. A man in such straits as I seem to be in cannot provide against everything."

So it came about that as Thorarin desired, word was not sent to Grettir. Bardi went to the South and the battle

Grettir was at Bjarg when he received the news that Bardi had started on his expedition. He was very angry

that word had not been sent to him, and said it should not end there. He found out when they were expected

back from the South, and rode off to Thoreyjargnup, where he meant to lie in wait for Bardi and his men as

they rode back. He left the homestead behind and remained at the cliffs. On that day rode Bardi back from the

battle of the Heath from Tvidaegra; there were six of them in his party, all sorely wounded. When they came

to the homestead Bardi said: "There is a man up there on the cliff, very tall and armed. Whom do you take

They could not say who he was. Bardi said: "I believe it is Grettir the son of Asmund. If it is, he will be

wanting to meet us, for I expect he is little pleased at not having been with us. It seems to me that we are not

in a very fit condition if he wants to annoy us. I will send home to Thoreyjargnup for some men and not

They said that was the best thing he could do, and it was done. Bardi's party rode on; Grettir watched where

they were going and went there too. They met and greeted each other. Grettir asked what the news was, and

Bardi told him without hesitation. Grettir asked who had been with them. Bardi answered that his brothers

"You have wiped out your disgrace," said Grettir. "Now the next thing is for us two here to try which is the

"I have more urgent business," said Bardi, "than to fight with you about nothing. I think I may be excused

"It seems to me that you are afraid, Bardi; that is the reason why you dare not fight me."

"Call it what you please. If you wish to bully, find some one else; that seems to be what you want, for your

Grettir thought luck was against him. He hesitated now whether he should attack any of them; it seemed

rather rash as they were six and he was only one. Then the men from Thoreyjargnup came up and joined

Bardi's party, so he left them and went back to his horse. Bardi and his men went on, and there was no

greeting between them when they parted. We are not told that any strife arose between Bardi and Grettir after

Grettir once said that he would trust himself to fight with most men if there were not more than three against

him. Even with four he would not give way without trying, but more he would not attempt, except in

On leaving Bardi, Grettir returned to Bjarg, and was much aggrieved at finding nothing to try his strength on.

There was a man named Thorhall living in Thorhallsstad in Forsaeludal, up from Vatnsdal. He was the son of

Grim, the son of Thorhall, the son of Fridmund, who was the first settler in Forsaeludal. Thorhall's wife was

named Gudrun; they had a son named Grim and a daughter named Thurid who were just grown up. Thorhall

was fairly wealthy, especially in livestock. His property in cattle exceeded that of any other man. He was

not a chief, but an honest bondi nevertheless. He had great difficulty in getting a shepherd to suit him because

the place was haunted. He consulted many men of experience as to what he should do, but nobody gave him

any advice which was of any use. Thorhall had good horses, and went every summer to the Thing. On one

occasion at the AllThing he went to the booth of the Lawman Skapti the son of Thorodd, who was a man of

great knowledge and gave good counsel to those who consulted him. There was a great difference between

Thorodd the father and Skapti the son in one respect. Thorodd possessed second sight, but was thought by

some not to be straight, whereas Skapti gave to every man the advice which he thought would avail him, if he

So Thorhall went to Skapti's booth, where Skapti, knowing that he was a man of wealth, received him

"I am little fit to give you counsel," he replied; "but what is it that you need?"

"It is this: I have great difficulty in keeping my shepherds. Some get injured and others cannot finish their

Skapti answered: "There must be some evil spirit abroad if men are less willing to tend your flocks than those

of other men. Now since you have come to me for counsel, I will get you a shepherd. His name is Glam, and

he came from Sylgsdale in Sweden last summer. He is a big strong man, but not to everybody's mind."

Thorhall said that did not matter so long as he looked after the sheep properly. Skapti said there was not much

chance of getting another if this man with all his strength and boldness should fail. Then Thorhall departed.

Two of Thorhall's horses were missing, and he went himself to look for them, which made people think he

was not much of a man. He went up under Sledaass and south along the hill called Armannsfell. Then he saw

a man coming down from Godaskog bringing some brushwood with a horse. They met and Thorhall asked

him his name. He said it was Glam. He was a big man with an extraordinary expression of countenance, large

grey eyes and wolfgrey hair. Thorhall was a little startled when he saw him, but soon found out that this was

"My service will only be of use to you if I am free to do as I please," he said. "I am rather crossgrained when

XXXII. THE SPOOK AT THORHALLSSTAD. GLAM THE SHEPHERD KILLED BY A FIEND. HIS GHOST WALKS 40

"That will not hurt me," said Thorhall. "I shall be glad if you will come to me."

"You will have to risk it," said Thorhall. "It will be best to meet it with a bold face."

Terms were arranged and Glam was to come in the autumn. Then they parted. Thorhall found his horses in

the very place where he had just been looking for them. He rode home and thanked Skapti for his service.

The summer passed. Thorhall heard nothing of his shepherd and no one knew anything about him, but at the

appointed time he appeared at Thorhallsstad. Thorhall treated him kindly, but all the rest of the household

disliked him, especially the mistress. He commenced his work as shepherd, which gave him little trouble. He

had a loud hoarse voice. The beasts all flocked together whenever he shouted at them. There was a church in

the place, but Glam never went to it. He abstained from mass, had no religion, and was stubborn and surly.

So the time passed till the eve of Yuletide. Glam rose early and called for his meal. The mistress said: "It is

not proper for Christian men to eat on this day, because tomorrow is the first day of Yule and it is our duty

"You have many superstitions," he said; "but I do not see that much comes of them. I do not know that men

are any better off than when there was nothing of that kind. The ways of men seemed to me better when they

"I am certain," she said, "that it will fare ill with you today if you commit this sin."

Glam told her that she should bring his food, or that it would be the worse for her. She did not dare to do

otherwise than as he bade her. When he had eaten he went out, his breath smelling abominably. It was very

dark; there was driving snow, the wind was howling and it became worse as the day advanced. The

shepherd's voice was heard in the early part of the day, but less later on. Blizzards set in and a terrific storm

in the evening. People went to mass and so the time passed. In the evening Glam did not return. They talked

about going out to look for him, but the storm was so violent and the night so dark that no one went. The

night passed and still he had not returned; they waited till the time for mass came. When it was full day some

of the men set forth to search. They found the animals scattered everywhere in the snow and injured by the

weather; some had strayed into the mountains. Then they came upon some wellmarked tracks up above in

the valley. The stones and earth were torn up all about as if there had been a violent tussle. On searching

further they came upon Glam lying on the ground a short distance off. He was dead; his body was as black as

Hel and swollen to the size of an ox. They were overcome with horror and their hearts shuddered within

them. Nevertheless they tried to carry him to the church, but could not get him any further than the edge of a

gully a short way off. So they left him there and went home to report to the bondi what had happened. He

asked what could have caused Glam's death. They said they had tracked him to a big place like a hole made

by the bottom of a cask thrown down and dragged along up below the mountains which were at the top of the

valley, and all along the track were great drops of blood. They concluded that the evil spirit which had been

about before must have killed Glam, but that he had inflicted wounds upon it which were enough, for that

spook was never heard of again. On the second day of the festival they went out again to bring in Glam's

body to the church. They yoked oxen to him, but directly the downward incline ceased and they came to level

ground, they could not move him; so they went home again and left him. On the third day they took a priest

XXXII. THE SPOOK AT THORHALLSSTAD. GLAM THE SHEPHERD KILLED BY A FIEND. HIS GHOST WALKS 41

with them, but after searching the whole day they failed to find him. The priest refused to go again, and when

he was not with them they found Glam. So they gave up the attempt to bring him to the church and buried

It was not long before men became aware that Glam was not easy in his grave. Many men suffered severe

injuries; some who saw him were struck senseless and some lost their wits. Soon after the festival was over,

men began to think they saw him about their houses. The panic was great and many left the neighbourhood.

Next he began to ride on the housetops by night, and nearly broke them to pieces. Almost night and day he

walked, and people would scarcely venture up the valley, however pressing their business. The district was in

In the spring Thorhall procured servants and built a house on his lands. As the days lengthened out the

apparitions became less, until at midsummer a ship sailed up the Hunavatn in which was a man named

Thorgaut. He was a foreigner, very tall and powerful; he had the strength of two men. He was travelling on

his own account, unattached, and being without money was looking out for employment. Thorhall rode to the

ship, saw him and asked if he would take service with him. Thorgaut said he would indeed, and that there

"You must be prepared," said Thorhall, "for work which would not be fitting for a weakminded person,

because of the apparitions which have been there lately. I will not deceive you about it."

"I shall not give myself up as lost for the ghostlings," he said. "Before I am scared some others will not be

The terms were easily arranged and Thorgaut was engaged for the sheep during the winter. When the summer

had passed away he took over charge of them, and was on good terms with everybody. Glam continued his

rides on the roofs. Thorgaut thought it very amusing and said the thrall must come nearer if he wished to

frighten him. Thorhall advised him not to say too much, and said it would be better if they did not come into

Thorgaut said: "Surely all the spirit has gone out of you. I shall not fall dead in the twilight for stories of that

Yule was approaching. On the eve the shepherd went out with his sheep. The mistress said: "Now I hope that

"Have no fear for that, mistress," he said. "There will be something worth telling of if I come not back."

Then he went out to his sheep. The weather was rather cold and there was a heavy snowstorm. Thorgaut

usually returned when it was getting dark, but this time he did not come. The people went to church as usual,

but they thought matters looked very much as they did on the last occasion. The bondi wanted them to go out

and search for the shepherd, but the churchgoers cried off, and said they were not going to trust themselves

into the power of trolls in the night; the bondi would not venture out and there was no search. On Yule day

after their meal they went out to look for the shepherd, and first went to Glam's cairn, feeling sure that the

shepherd's disappearance must be due to him. On approaching the cairn they saw an awful sight; there was

the shepherd, his neck broken, and every bone in his body torn from its place. They carried him to the church

Glam became more rampageous than ever. He was so riotous that at last everybody fled from Thorhallsstad,

Thorhall's cowherd had been a long time in his service and he had become attached to him; for this reason

and because he was a careful herdsman he did not want to part with him. The man was very old and thought it

would be very troublesome to have to leave; he saw, too, that everything the bondi possessed would be ruined

if he did not stay to lookafter them. One morning after midwinter the mistress went to the cowhouse to

milk the cows as usual. It was then full day, for no one would venture out of doors till then, except the

cowherd, who went directly it was light. She heard a great crash in the cowhouse and tremendous bellowing.

She rushed in, shouting that something awful, she knew not what, was going on in the cowhouse. The bondi

went out and found the cattle all goring each other. It seemed not canny there, so he went into the shed and

there saw the cowherd lying on his back with his head in one stall and his feet in the other. He went up and

felt him, but saw at once that he was dead with his back broken. It had been broken over the flat stone which

separated the two stalls. Evidently it was not safe to remain any longer on his estate, so he fled with

everything that he could carry away. All the livestock which he left behind was killed by Glam. After that

Glam went right up the valley and raided every farm as far as Tunga, while Thorhall stayed with his friends

during the rest of the winter. No one could venture up the valley with a horse or a dog, for it was killed at

once. As the spring went on and the sun rose higher in the sky the spook diminished somewhat, and Thorhall

wanted to return to his land, but found it not easy to get servants. Nevertheless, he went and took up his

abode at Thorhallsstad. Directly the autumn set in, everything began again, and the disturbances increased.

The person most attacked was the bondi's daughter, who at last died of it. Many things were tried but without

success. It seemed likely that the whole of Vatnsdal would be devastated unless help could be found.

We have now to return to Grettir, who was at home in Bjarg during the autumn which followed his meeting

with WarriorBardi at Thoreyjargnup. When the winter was approaching, he rode North across the neck to

Vididal and stayed at Audunarstad. He and Audun made friends again; Grettir gave him a valuable battleaxe

and they agreed to hold together in friendship. Audun had long lived there, and had many connections. He

had a son named Egill, who married Ulfheid the daughter of Eyjolf, the son of Gudmund; their son Eyjolf,

who was killed at the AllThing, was the father of Orin the chaplain of Bishop Thorlak.

Grettir rode to the North to Vatnsdal and went on a visit to Tunga, where dwelt his mother's brother, Jokull

the son of Bard, a big strong man and exceedingly haughty. He was a mariner, very cantankerous, but a

person of much consideration. He welcomed Grettir, who stayed three nights with him. Nothing was talked

about but Glam's walking, and Grettir inquired minutely about all the particulars. Jokull told him that no

"It would be a most hazardous undertaking," he said. "Your kinsmen incur a great risk with you as you are.

There does not seem to be one of the younger men who is your equal. It is ill dealing with such a one as

Grettir said he had a mind to go to Thorhallsstad and see how things were. Jokull said: "I see there is no use

in dissuading you. The saying is true that Luck is one thing, brave deeds another."

"Woe stands before the door of one but enters that of another," answered Grettir. "I am thinking how it may

"It may be," said Jokull, "that we both see what is before us, and yet we may not alter it."

Then they parted, neither of them well pleased with the other's prophetic saying.

Grettir rode to Thorhallsstad where he was welcomed by the bondi. He asked Grettir whither he was bound,

and Grettir said he wished to spend the night there if the bondi permitted. Thorhall said he would indeed be

"Few," he said, "think it a gain to stay here for any time. You must have heard tell of the trouble that is here,

and I do not want you to be inconvenienced on my account. Even if you escape unhurt yourself, I know for

certain that you will lose your horse, for no one can keep his beast in safety who comes here."

Grettir said there were plenty more horses to be had if anything happened to this one.

Thorhall was delighted at Grettir's wishing to remain, and received him with both hands. Grettir's horse was

placed securely under lock and key and they both went to bed. The night passed without Glam showing

"Your being here has already done some good," said Thorhall. "Glam has always been in the habit of riding

on the roof or breaking open the doors every night, as you can see from the marks."

"Then," Grettir said, "either he will not keep quiet much longer, or he will remain so more than one night. I

Then they went to Grettir's horse and found it had not been touched. The bondi thought that all pointed to the

same thing. Grettir stayed a second night and again the thrall did not appear. The bondi became hopeful and

went to see the horse. There he found the stable broken open, the horse dragged outside and every bone in his

body broken. Thorhall told Grettir what had occurred and advised him to look to himself, for he was a dead

Grettir answered: "I must not have less for my horse than a sight of the thrall."

The bondi said there was no pleasure to be had from seeing him: "He is not like any man. I count every hour

The day passed, and when the hour came for going to bed Grettir said he would not take off his clothes, and

lay down on a seat opposite to Thorkell's sleeping apartment. He had a shaggy cloak covering him with one

end of it fastened under his feet and the other drawn over his head so that he could see through the neckhole.

He set his feet against a strong bench which was in front of him. The framework of the outer door had been

all broken away and some bits of wood had been rigged up roughly in its place. The partition which had once

divided the hall from the entrance passage was all broken, both above the crossbeam and below, and all the

bedding had been upset. The place looked rather desolate. There was a light burning in the hall by night.

When about a third part of the night had passed Grettir heard a loud noise. Something was going up on to the

building, riding above the hall and kicking with its heels until the timbers cracked again. This went on for

some time, and then it came down towards the door. The door opened and Grettir saw the thrall stretching in

an enormously big and ugly head. Glam moved slowly in, and on passing the door stood upright, reaching to

the roof. He turned to the hall, resting his arms on the crossbeam and peering along the hall. The bondi

uttered no sound, having heard quite enough of what had gone on outside. Grettir lay quite still and did not

move. Glam saw a heap of something in the seat, came farther into the hall and seized the cloak tightly with

his hand. Grettir pressed his foot against the plank and the cloak held firm. Glam tugged at it again still more

violently, but it did not give way. A third time be pulled, this time with both hands and with such force that

he pulled Grettir up out of the seat, and between them the cloak was torn in two. Glam looked at the bit which

he held in his hand and wondered much who could pull like that against him. Suddenly Grettir sprang under

his arms, seized him round the waist and squeezed his back with all his might, intending in that way to bring

him down, but the thrall wrenched his arms till he staggered from the violence. Then Grettir fell back to

another bench. The benches flew about and everything was shattered around them. Glam wanted to get out,

but Grettir tried to prevent him by stemming his foot against anything he could find. Nevertheless Glam

succeeded in getting him outside the hall. Then a terrific struggle began, the thrall trying to drag him out of

the house, and Grettir saw that however hard he was to deal with in the house, he would be worse outside, so

he strove with all his might to keep him from getting out. Then Glam made a desperate effort and gripped

Grettir tightly towards him, forcing him to the porch. Grettir saw that he could not put up any resistance, and

with a sudden movement he dashed into the thrall's arms and set both his feet against a stone which was

fastened in the ground at the door. For that Glam was not prepared, since he had been tugging to drag Grettir

towards him; he reeled backwards and tumbled bind foremost out of the door, tearing away the lintel with

his shoulder and shattering the roof, the rafters and the frozen thatch. Head over heels he fell out of the house

and Grettir fell on top of him. The moon was shining very brightly outside, with light clouds passing over it

and hiding it now and again. At the moment when Glam fell the moon shone forth, and Glam turned his eyes

up towards it. Grettir himself has related that that sight was the only one which ever made him tremble. What

with fatigue and all else that he had endured, when he saw the horrible rolling of Glam's eyes his heart sank

so utterly that he had not strength to draw his sword, but lay there wellnigh betwixt life and death. Glam

"You have expended much energy, Grettir, in your search for me. Nor is that to be wondered at, if you should

have little joy thereof. And now I tell you that you shall possess only half the strength and firmness of heart

that were decreed to you if you had not striven with me. The might which was yours till now I am not able to

take away, but it is in my power to ordain that never shall you grow stronger than you are now. Nevertheless

your might is sufficient, as many shall find to their cost. Hitherto you have earned fame through your deeds,

but henceforward there shall fall upon you exile and battle; your deeds shall turn to evil and your

guardianspirit shall forsake you. You will be outlawed and your lot shall be to dwell ever alone. And this I

lay upon you, that these eyes of mine shall be ever before your vision. You will find it hard to live alone, and

When the thrall had spoken the faintness which had come over Grettir left him. He drew his short sword, cut

off Glam's head and laid it between his thighs. Then the bondi came out, having put on his clothes while

Glam was speaking, but he did not venture to come near until he was dead. Thorhall praised God and thanked

Grettir warmly for having laid this unclean spirit. Then they set to work and burned Glam to cold cinders,

bound the ashes in a skin and buried them in a place far away from the haunts of man or beast. Then they

went home, the day having nearly broken. Grettir was very stiff and lay down to rest. Thorhall sent for some

men from the next farms and let them know how things had fared. They all realised the importance of

Grettir's deed when they heard of it; all agreed that in the whole country side for strength and courage and

Thorhall bade a kindly farewell to Grettir and dismissed him with a present of a fine horse and proper clothes,

for all that he had been wearing were torn to pieces. They parted in friendship. Grettir rode to Ass in Vatnsdal

and was welcomed by Thorvald, who asked him all about his encounter with Glam. Grettir told him

everything and said that never had his strength been put to trial as it had been in their long struggle. Thorvald

told him to conduct himself discreetly; if he did so he might prosper, but otherwise he would surely come to

disaster. Grettir said that his temper had not improved, that he had even less discretion than before, and was

more impatient of being crossed. In one thing a great change had come over him; he had become so

frightened of the dark that he dared not go anywhere alone at night. Apparitions of every kind came before

him. It has since passed into an expression, and men speak of "Glam's eyes" or "Glam visions" when things

Having accomplished his undertaking Grettir rode back to Bjarg and spent the winter at home.

Thorbjorn Oxmain gave a great feast in the autumn at which many were assembled, whilst Grettir was in the

North in Vatnsdal. Thorbjorn Slowcoach was there and many things were talked about. The Hrutafjord

people inquired about Grettir's adventure on the ridge in the summer. Thorbjorn Oxmain praised Grettir's

conduct, and said that Kormak would have had the worst of it if no one had come to part them. Then

Thorbjorn Slowcoach said: "What I saw of Grettir's fighting was not famous; and he seemed inclined to shirk

when we came up. He was very ready to leave off, nor did I see him make any attempt to avenge the death of

Atli's man. I do not believe there is much heart in him, except when he has a sufficient force behind him."

Thorbjorn went on jeering at him in this way. Many of the others had something to say about it, and they

thought that Grettir would not leave it to rest if he heard what Thorbjorn was saying. Nothing more happened

at the festivities; they all went home, and there was a good deal of illwill between them all that winter,

Early in the spring, before the meeting of the Thing, there arrived a ship from Norway. There was much news

to tell, above all of the change of government. Olaf the son of Harald was now king, having driven away jarl

Sveinn from the country in the spring which followed the battle of Nesjar. Many noteworthy things were told

of King Olaf. Men said that he took into favour all men who were skilled in any way and made them his

followers. This pleased many of the younger men in Iceland and made them all want to leave home. When

Grettir heard of it he longed to go too, deeming that he merited the king's favour quite as much as any of the

others. A ship came up to Gasar in Eyjafjord; Grettir engaged a passage in her and prepared to go abroad. He

Asmund was now becoming very infirm and scarcely left his bed. He and Asdis had a young son named

Illugi, a youth of much promise. Atli had taken over all the management of the farm and the goods, and

Grettir embarked on his ship. Thorbjorn Slowcoach had arranged to travel in the same vessel without

knowing that Grettir would be in her. Some of his friends tried to dissuade him from travelling in Grettir's

company, but he insisted upon going. He was rather a long time over his preparations and did not get to Gasar

before the ship was ready to sail. Before he left home Asmund Longhair was taken ill and was quite confined

to his bed. Thorbjorn Slowcoach arrived on the beach late in the day, when the men were going on board and

were washing their hands outside near their booths. When he rode up to the rows of booths they greeted him

"I have nothing to tell," he said, "except that the valorous Asmund at Bjarg is now dead."

Some of them said that a worthy bondi had left the world and asked how it happened.

"A poor lot befell his Valour," he replied. "He was suffocated by the smoke from the hearth, like a dog. There

"You talk strangely about such a man as he was," they said. "Grettir would not be much pleased if he heard

"I can endure Grettir's wrath," he said. "He must bear his axe higher than he did at Hrutafjardarhals if he

Grettir heard every word that Thorbjorn said, but took no notice as long as he was speaking. When he had

"I prophesy, Slowcoach, that you will not die of the smoke from the hearth, and yet perhaps you will not die

of old age either. It is strange conduct to say shameful things of innocent men."

Thorbjorn said: "I have nothing to unsay. I never thought you would fire up like this on the day when we got

you out of the hands of the men of Mel who were belabouring you like an ox's head."

"My prophecies are not generally longlived," said Grettir, "nor shall this one be. Defend yourself if you will;

Grettir then struck at him. He tried to parry the blow with his arm, but it struck him above the wrist and

glanced off on to his neck so that his head flew off. The sailors declared it was a splendid stroke, and that

such were the men for the king. No one would grieve, they said, because a man so quarrelsome and scurrilous

Soon after this they got under way and towards the end of the summer reached the south coast of Norway,

about Hordland, where they learned that King Olaf was in the North at Thrandheim. Grettir took a passage

There was a man named Thorir dwelling in Gard in Adaldal. He was a son of Skeggi Bodolfsson, who had

settled in Kelduhverfi, on lands extending right up to Keldunes, and had married Helga the daughter of

Thorgeir at Fiskilaek. Thorir was a great chief, and a mariner. He had two sons whose names were Thorgeir

and Skeggi, both men of promise, and pretty well grown up at that time. Thorir had been in Norway in the

summer in which Olaf came East from England, and had won great favour with the king as well as with

Bishop Sigurd. In token of this it is related that Thorir asked the bishop to consecrate a large seagoing ship

he had built in the forest, and the bishop did so. Later he came out to Iceland and had his ship broken up

because he was tired of seafaring. He set up the figures from her head and stem over his doors, where they

long remained foretelling the weather, one howling for a south, the other for a north wind.

When Thorir heard that Olaf had become sole ruler of Norway he thought he might expect favour from him,

so he dispatched his sons to Norway to wait upon the king, hoping that they would be received into his

service. They reached the south coast late in the autumn and engaged a rowing vessel to take them up the

coast to the North, intending to go to the king. They reached a port to the south of Stad, where they put in for

a few days. They were well provided with food and drink, and did not go out much because of the bad

Grettir also sailed to the North along the coast, and as the winter was just beginning he often fell in with dirty

weather. When they reached the neighbourhood of Stad the weather became worse, and at last one evening

they were so exhausted with the snow and frost that they were compelled to put in and lie under a bank where

they found shelter for their goods and belongings. The men were very much distressed at not being able to

procure any fire; their safety and their lives seemed almost to depend upon their getting some. They lay there

in a pitiful condition all the evening, and as night came on they saw a large fire on the other side of the

channel which they were in. When Grettir's companions saw the fire they began talking and saying that he

who could get some of it would be a happy man. They hesitated for some time whether they should put out,

but all agreed that it would be too dangerous. Then they had a good deal of talk about whether there was any

man living doughty enough to get the fire. Grettir kept very quiet, but said that there probably had been men

who would not have let themselves be baulked. The men said that they were none the better for what had

"But won't you venture, Grettir? The people of Iceland all talk so much about your prowess, and you know

Grettir said: "It does not seem to me such a great thing to get the fire, but I do not know whether you will

"Why," they said, "should you take us to be men of so little honour that we shall not reward you well?"

"Well," said Grettir, "if you really think it so necessary I will try it; but my heart tells me that no good will

Then Grettir threw off his clothes and got ready to go into the water. He went in a cloak and breeches of

coarse stuff. He tucked up the cloak, tied a cord of bast round his waist, and took a barrel with him. Then he

jumped overboard, swam across the channel and reached the land on the other side. There he saw a house

standing and heard sounds of talking and merriment issuing from it. So he went towards the house.

We have now to tell of the people who were in the house. They were the sons of Thorir who have been

mentioned. They had been there some days waiting for a change of weather and for a wind to carry them to

the North. There were twelve of them and they were all sitting and drinking. They had made fast in the inner

harbour where there was a place of shelter set up for men who were travelling about the country, and they had

carried in a quantity of straw. There was a huge fire on the ground. Grettir rushed into the house, not knowing

who was there. His cloak had all frozen directly he landed, and he was a portentous sight to behold; he looked

like a troll. The people inside were much startled, thinking it was a fiend. They struck at him with anything

they could get, and a tremendous uproar there was. Grettir pushed them back with his arms. Some of them

struck at him with firebrands, and the fire spread all through the house. He got away with his fire and

returned to his companions, who were loud in praise of his skill and daring, and said there was no one like

On the next morning the weather was fine. They all woke early and made ready to continue their journey. It

was proposed that they should go and find out who the people were who had had the fire, so they cast off and

sailed across the channel. They found no house there, nothing but a heap of ashes and a good many bones of

men amongst them. Evidently the house with all who were in it had been burned. They asked whether Grettir

had done it, and declared it was an abominable deed. Grettir said that what he expected had come to pass, and

that he was ill rewarded for getting the fire for them. He said it was thankless work to help such miserable

beings as they were. He suffered much annoyance in consequence, for wherever the traders went they told

that Grettir had burned the men in the house. Soon it became known that it was the sons of Thorir of Gard

and their followers who had been burned. The traders refused to have Grettir on board their ship any longer

and drove him away. He was so abhorred that scarcely any one would do him a service. His case seemed

hopeless, and his only desire was at any cost to appear before the king. So he went North to Thrandheim

where the king was, and had heard the whole story before Grettir came, for many had been busy in slandering

him. Grettir waited several days in the town before he was able to appear before the king.

One day when the king was sitting in judgment Grettir came before him and saluted him respectfully. The

"So I have been called," he replied, "and I have some here in the hope of obtaining deliverance from the

slanders which are being spread about me, and to say that I did not do this deed."

The king said: "You are worthy enough; but I know not what fortune you will have in defending yourself. It

Grettir said that he was most anxious to prove his innocence if the king would permit him. Then the king

bade him relate faithfully all that had happened. Grettir told him everything exactly as it was, and declared

that they were all alive when he escaped with his fire; he was ready to undergo any ordeal which the king

Grettir was quite content with that, and began his fast for the ordeal. When the day for the ceremony arrived

the king and the bishop went to the church together with a multitude of people who came out of curiosity to

see a man so much talked about as Grettir. At last Grettir himself was led to the church. When he entered

many looked at him and remarked that he excelled most men in strength and stature. As he passed down the

"Wondrous are now the ways in a land where men should call themselves Christians, when evildoers and

robbers and thieves walk in peace to purge themselves. What should a wicked man find better to do than to

preserve his life so long as he may? Here is now a malefactor convicted of guilt, one who has burnt innocent

men in their houses, and yet is allowed to undergo purgation. Such a thing is most unrighteous."

Then he went at Grettir, pointing at him with his finger, making grimaces and calling him son of a

seaogress, with many other bad names. Then Grettir lost his temper and his selfcontrol. He raised his hand

and gave him a box on the ear so that he fell senseless, and some thought he was dead. No one seemed to

know whence the boy had come nor what became of him afterwards, but it was generally believed that he

There arose an uproar in the church; people told the king that the man who had come to purge himself was

fighting with those around him. King Olaf came forward into the church to see what was going on, and said:

"You are a man of ill luck, Grettir. All was prepared for the ordeal, but it cannot take place now. It is not

Grettir said: "I expected, oh king, more honour from you for the sake of my family than I now seem likely to

Then he told again the story as he had done before of what had taken place with the men. "Gladly," he said,

"would I enter your service; there is many a man with you who is not my better as a warrior."

"I know," said the king, "that few are your equals in strength and courage, but your luck is too bad for you to

remain with me. You have my leave to depart in peace whithersoever you will for the winter, and then in the

"First I should like to clear myself of the charge of burning, if I may," said Grettir; "for I did not do it

"Very likely it is so," said the king; "but since the purgation has come to naught through your impatience you

cannot clear yourself further than you have done. Impetuosity always leads to evil. If ever a man was doomed

After that Grettir remained for a time in the town, but he got nothing more out of Olaf. Then he went to the

South, intending after that to go East to Tunsberg to find his brother Thorsteinn Dromund. Nothing is told of

At Yule Grettir came to a bondi named Einar, a man of wealth who had a wife and a marriageable daughter

named Gyrid. She was a beautiful maiden and was considered an excellent match. Einar invited Grettir to

It was no uncommon thing throughout Norway that robbers and other ruffians came down from the forest and

challenged men to fight for their women, or carried off their property with violence if there was not sufficient

force in the house to protect them. One day at Yuletide there came a whole party of these miscreants to

Einar's house. Their leader was a great berserk named Snaekoll. He challenged Einar to hand over his

daughter to him or else to defend her, if he felt himself man enough to do so. Now the bondi was no longer

young, and no fighter. He felt that he was in a great difficulty, and asked Grettir privately what help he would

give him, seeing that he was held to be so famous a man. Grettir advised him to consent only to what was not

dishonourable. The berserk was sitting on his horse wearing his helmet, the chinpiece of which was not

fastened. He held before him a shield bound with iron and looked terribly threatening. He said to the bondi:

"You had better choose quickly: either one thing or the other. What does that big fellow standing beside you

"One of us is as good as the other," said Grettir, "neither of us is very active."

The berserk thought they were trying to get off by talking. He began to howl and to bite the rim of his shield.

He held the shield up to his mouth and scowled over its upper edge like a madman. Grettir stepped quickly

across the ground, and when he got even with the berserk's horse he kicked the shield with his foot from

below with such force that it struck his mouth, breaking the upper jaw, and the lower jaw fell down on to his

chest. With the same movement he seized the viking's helmet with his left hand and dragged him from his

horse, while with his right hand he raised his axe and cut off the berserk's head. Snaekoll's followers when

they saw what had happened fled, every man of them. Grettir did not care to pursue them for he saw that

there was no heart in them. The bondi thanked him for what he had done, as did many other men, for the

quickness and boldness of his deed had impressed them much. Grettir stayed there for Yule and was well

taken care of till he left, when the bondi dismissed him handsomely. Then Grettir went East to Tunsberg to

visit his brother Thorsteinn, who received him joyfully and asked him about his adventures. Grettir told him

"You would be very handy at many things," said Thorsteinn, "if misfortune did not follow you."

Grettir stayed with Thorsteinn for the rest of the winter and on into the spring. One morning when Thorsteinn

and Grettir were above in their sleepingroom Grettir put out his arm from the bedclothes and Thorsteinn

noticed it when he awoke. Soon after Grettir woke too, and Thorsteinn said: "I have been looking at your

arms, kinsman, and think it is not wonderful that your blows fall heavily upon some. Never have I seen any

"You may know," said Grettir, "that I should not have done the deeds I have if I had not been very mighty."

"Yet methinks it would be of advantage," said Thorsteinn, "if your arm were more slender and your fortune

"True," said Grettir, "is the saying that no man shapes his own fortune. Let me see your arm."

"There is no need to look long at that; all your ribs are run together. I never saw such a pair of tongs as you

"It may be so," said Thorsteinn, "and yet you may know that these thin arms of mine and no others will

"Who shall know how it will be when the end comes?" said Grettir; "but that seems unlikely."

No more is related of their conversation. The spring came and Grettir took a ship for Iceland in the summer.

We have now to return to where we broke off before. Thorbjorn Oxmain when he heard of the death of

Thorbjorn Slowcoach flew into a violent passion and said he wished that more men might deal blows in other

people's houses. Asmund Longhair lay sick for some time in the summer. When he thought his end was nigh

he called his kinsmen round him and said his will was that Atli should take over all the property after his day.

"I fear," he said, "that the wicked will scarce leave you in peace. And I wish all my kinsmen to support him to

the best of their power. Of Grettir I can say nothing, for his condition seems to me like a rolling wheel.

Strong though he is, I fear he will have more dealing with trouble than with kinsmen's support. And Illugi,

When Asmund had settled everything with his sons according to his wish his sickness grew upon him. He

died soon after and was buried at Bjarg, where he had had a church built. All felt his loss deeply.

Atli became a great bondi and kept a large establishment. He was a great dealer in household provisions.

Towards the end of the summer he went to Snaefellsnes to get dried fish. He drove several horses with him

and rode from home to Melar in Hrutafjord to his brotherinlaw, Gamli. Then Grim, the son of Thorhall,

Gamli's brother, made ready to accompany him along with another man. They rode West by way of

Haukadalsskard and the road which leads out to the Ness, where they bought much fish and carried it

Thorbjorn Oxmain heard of Atli and Grim having left home just when Gunnar and Thorgeir, the sons of

Thorir of Skard, were with him. Thorbjorn was jealous of Atli's popularity and egged on the two brothers, the

sons of Thorir, to lie in wait for him as he returned from Snaefellsnes. They rode home to Skard and waited

there for Atli returning with his loads. They could see the party from their house as they passed Skard, and

made ready quickly to pursue them with their servants. Atli on seeing them ordered his horses to be unloaded.

"Perhaps," he said, "they want to offer me compensation for my man whom Gunnar slew last summer. We

will not be the first to attack, but if they begin fighting us we will defend ourselves."

Then they came up and at once sprang off their horses. Atli greeted them and asked what news there was, and

whether Gunnar desired to offer him some compensation for his servant. Gunnar answered:

"You men of Bjarg, you deserve something else than that I should pay compensation for him with my goods.

"I have not to answer for that," said Atli, "nor are you the representative of Thorbjorn."

Gunnar said it would have to be so nevertheless. "And now," he cried, "let us go for them and profit by

There were eight of them, and they set upon Atli's six. Atli led on his men and drew the sword Jokulsnaut

which Grettir had given him. Thorgeir cried: "Good men are alike in many things. High did Grettir bear his

Then they fought. Gunnar made a resolute attack on Atli, and fought fiercely. After they had battled for a

"There is nothing to be gained by each of us killing the other's followers. The simplest course would be for us

Gunnar, however, would not have it. Atli bade his servants look to the packs, and he would see what the

others would do. He made such a vigorous onslaught that Gunnar's men fell back, and he killed two of them.

Then he turned upon Gunnar himself and struck a blow that severed his shield right across below the handle,

and the sword struck his leg below the knee. Then with another rapid blow he killed him.

In the meantime Grim, the son of Thorhall, was engaging Thorgeir, and a long tussle there was, both of them

being men of great valour. When Thorgeir saw his brother Gunnar fall he wanted to get away, but Grim

pressed upon him and pursued him until at last his foot tripped and he fell forward. Then Grim struck him

with an axe between the shoulders, inflicting a deep wound. To the three followers who were left they gave

quarter. Then they bound up their wounds, reloaded the packs on to the horses and went home, giving

information of the battle. Atli stayed at home with a strong guard of men that autumn. Thorbjorn Oxmain was

not at all pleased, but could do nothing, because Atli was very wary. Grim was with him for the winter, and

his brotherinlaw Gamli. Another brotherinlaw, Glum the son of Ospak from Eyr in Bitra, was with them

too. They had a goodly array of men settled at Bjarg, and there was much merriment there during the winter.

Thorbfron Oxmain took up the suit arising from the death of Thorir's sons. He prepared his case against Grim

and Atli, and they prepared their defence on the grounds that the brothers had attacked them wrongfully and

were, therefore, "ohelgir." The case was brought before the Hunavatn Thing and both sides appeared in force.

Atli had many connections , and was, therefore, strongly supported. Then those who were friends of both

came forward and tried to effect a reconciliation; they urged that Atli was a man of good position and

peacefully disposed, though fearless enough when driven into a strait. Thorbjorn felt that no other honourable

course was open to him but to agree to a reconciliation. Atli made it a condition that there should be no

sentence of banishment either from the district or the country. Then men were appointed to arbitrate:

Thorvald Asgeirsson on behalf of Atli, and Solvi the Proud on behalf of Tborbjorn. This Solvi was a son of

Asbrand, the son of Thorbrand, the son of Harald Ring who had settled in Vatnsnes, taking land as far as

Ambattara to the West, and to the East up to the Thvera and across to Bjargaoss and the whole side of Bjorg

as far as the sea. Solvi was a person of much display, but a man of sense, and therefore Thorbjorn chose him

The decree of the arbitrators was that half penalties should be paid for Thorir's sons and half should be

remitted on account of the wrongful attack which they made and their designs on Atli's life. The slaying of

Atli's man at Hrutafjardarhals should be set off against the two of theirs who had been killed. Grim the son of

Thorhall was banished from his district and the penalties were to be paid by Atli. Atli was satisfied with this

award, but Thorbjorn was not; they parted nominally reconciled, but Thorbjorn let drop some words to the

Atli rode home from the Thing after thanking Thorvald for his assistance. Grim the son of Thorhall betook

himself to the South to Borgarfjord and dwelt at Gilsbakki, where he was known as a worthy bondi.

There was dwelling with Thorbjorn Oxmain a man whose name was Ali, a servant, rather stubborn and lazy.

Thorbjorn told him he must work better or he would be beaten. Ali said he had no mind for work and became

abusive. Thorbjorn was not going to endure that, and got him down and handled him roughly. After that Ali

ran away and went to the North across the neck to Midfjord; he did not stop till he reached Bjarg. Atli was at

"We did not get on with our bargain. I was not there long, but it seemed to me a bad place while I was there.

Our parting was in such a way that his song on my throat did not please me. I will never go back there,

whatever becomes of me. And it is true that there is a great difference between you two in the way you treat

your servants. I would be glad to take service with you if there is a place, for me."

Atli said: "I have servants enough without stretching forth my hands for those whom Thorbjorn has hired.

He stayed there for the night, and in the morning went out to work with Atli's men, and toiled as if he had

hands everywhere. So he continued all the summer; Atli took no notice of him, but allowed him his food, for

he was pleased with the man's work. Soon Thorbjorn learned that Ali was at Bjarg. He rode thither with two

others and called to Atli to come out and speak with him. Atli went out and greeted him.

"You want to begin again provoking me to attack you, Atli," he said. "Why have you taken away my

Atli replied: "It is not very clear to me that he is your workman. I do not want to keep him if you can prove

"You must have your way now," said Thorbjorn; "but I claim the man and protest against his working for

you. I shall come again, and it is not certain that we shall then part any better friends than we are now."

Thorbjorn then went off home. When the workmen came back in the evening Atli told them of his

conversation with Thorbjorn and said to Ali that he must go his own ways, for he was not going to be drawn

Ali said: "True is the ancient saying: The overpraised are the worst deceivers. I did not think that you would

have turned me off now after I had worked here till I broke in the summer. I thought that you would have

given me protection. Such is your way, however you play the beneficent. Now I shall be beaten before your

Atli's mind was changed after the man had spoken; he no longer wanted to drive him away.

So the time passed until the hayharvest began. One day a little before midsummer Thorbjorn Oxmain rode

to Bjarg. He wore a helmet on his head, a sword was girt at his side, and in his hand was a spear which had a

very broad blade. The weather was rainy; Atli had sent his men to mow the hay, and some were in the North

at Horn on some work. Atli was at home with a few men only. Thorbjorn arrived alone towards midday and

rode up to the door. The door was shut and no one outside. Thorbjorn knocked at the door and then went to

the back of the house so that he could not be seen from the door. The people in the house heard some one

knocking and one of the women went out. Thorbjorn got a glimpse of the woman, but did not let himself be

seen, for he was seeking another person. She went back into the room and Atli asked her who had come. She

said she could see nobody outside. As they were speaking Thorbjorn struck a violent blow on the door. Atli

"He wants to see me; perhaps he has some business with me, for he seems very pressing."

Then he went to the outer door and saw nobody there. It was raining hard, so he did not go outside, but stood

holding both the doorposts with his hands and peering round. At that moment Thorbjorn sidled round to the

front of the door and thrust his spear with both hands into Atli's middle, so that it pierced him through. Atli

Then he fell forward on the threshold. The women who were inside came out and saw that he was dead.

Thorbjorn had then mounted his horse; he proclaimed the slaying and rode home. Asdis, the mistress of the

house, sent for men; Atli's body was laid out and he was buried beside his father. There was much

lamentation over his death, for he was both wise and beloved. No bloodmoney was paid for his death, nor

was any demanded, for his representative was Grettir, if he should ever return to Iceland. The matter rested

there during the summer. Thorbjorn gained little credit by this deed, but remained quietly at home.

In that same summer before the assembly of the Thing there came a ship out to Gasar bringing news of

Grettir and of his house burning adventure. Thorir of Gard was very angry when he heard of it and

bethought himself of vengeance for his sons upon Grettir. Thorir rode with a large retinue to the Thing and

laid a complaint in respect of the burning, but men thought nothing could be done as long as there was no one

to answer the charge. Thorir insisted that he would be content with nothing short of banishment for Grettir

from the whole country after such a crime. Then Skapti the Lawman said: "It certainly was an evil deed if all

really happened as has been told. But One man's tale is but half a tale. Most people try and manage not to

improve a story if there is more than one version of it. I hold that no judgment should be passed for Grettir's

Thorir was a notable person and possessed great influence in the district; many powerful men were his

friends. He pressed his suit so strongly that nothing could be done to save Grettir. Thorir had him proclaimed

an outlaw throughout the country, and was ever afterwards the most bitter of his opponents, as he often

found. Having put a price upon his head, as it was usual to do with other outlaws, he rode home. Many said

that the decree was carried more by violence than by law, but it remained in force. Nothing more happened

Later in the summer Grettir the son of Asmund came back to Iceland, landing in the Hvita in Borgarfjord.

People about the district went down to the ship and all the news came at once upon Grettir, first that his father

was dead, then that his brother was slain, and third that he was declared outlaw throughout the land. Then he

It is told that Grettir changed his manner no whit for these tidings, but was just as merry as before. He

remained on board his ship for a time because he could not get a horse to suit him.

There was a man named Sveinn who dwelt at Bakki up from Thingnes. He was a good bondi and a merry

companion; he often composed verses which it was a delight to listen to. He had a brown mare, the swiftest

of horses, which he called Saddlehead. Once Grettir left Vellir in the night because he did not wish the

traders to know of it. He got a black cape and put it over his clothes to conceal himself. He went up past

Thingnes to Bakki, by which time it was light. Seeing a brown horse in the meadow he went up and put a

bridle on it, mounted on its back and rode up along the Hvita river below Baer on to the river Flokadalsa and

up to the road above Kalfanes. The men working at Bakki were up by then, and told the bondi that a man was

Then he took a horse and rode after him. Grettir rode on till he came to the settlement at Kropp, where he met

a man named Halli who said he was going down to the ship at Vellir. Grettir then spoke a verse:

Then they parted. Halli went along the road as far as Kalfanes before he met Sveinn. They greeted each other

"You can know from what I tell you," said Halli, "that I met the man who said he was riding Saddlehead,

and he told me to spread it abroad in the dwellings and the district. He was a huge man in a black cloak."

"Well, he seems to think something of himself," said the bondi. "I mean to know who he is."

Then he went on after him. Grettir came to Deildartunga and found a woman outside. He began to talk to her

The woman learned the verse and Grettir rode on. Soon after Sveinn rode up; she was still outside, and when

She told him as she had been taught. He considered the lines and said: "It is not unlikely that this man is no

He then rode along the cultivated country. Each could see the other's path. The weather was stormy and wet.

Grettir reached Gilsbakki that day, where Grim the son of Thorhall welcomed him warmly and begged him to

stay, which he did. He let Saddlehead run loose and told Grim how he had come by her. Then Sveinn came

"Just so shall it be," said the bondi. "Your ride on the horse is fully paid for."

Then they each began repeating verses, and Grettir said he could not blame him for looking after his property.

The bondi stayed there the night and they had great jokes about the matter. The verses they made were called

"Saddlehead verses." In the morning the bondi rode home, parting good friends with Grettir. Grim told

Grettir of many things that had been done in Midfjord in the North during his absence, and that no

bloodmoney had been paid for Atli. Thorbjorn Oxmain's interest, he said, was so great that there was no

certainty of Grettir's mother, Asdis, being allowed to remain at Bjarg if the feud continued.

Grettir stayed but a few nights with Grim, for he did not want it to become known that he was about to travel

North across the Heath. Grim told him to come back to visit him if he needed protection. "Yet," he said, "I

Grettir bade him farewell and said: "It is more likely that I shall need your good services still more later on."

Then Grettir rode North over the Tvidaegra Heath to Bjarg, where he arrived at midnight. All were asleep

except his mother. He went to the back of the house and entered by a door which was there, for he knew all

the ways about. He entered the hall and went to his mother's bed, groping his way. She asked who was there.

Grettir told her. She sat up and turned to him, heaving a weary sigh as she spoke:

"Welcome, my kinsman! My hoard of sons has quickly passed away. He is killed who was most needful to

me; you have been declared an outlaw and a criminal; my third is so young that he can do nothing."

"It is an ancient saying," said Grettir, "that one evil is mended by a worse one. There is more in the heart of

man than money can buy; Atli may yet be avenged. As for me, there will be some who think they have had

She said that was not unlikely. Grettir stayed there for a time, but few knew of it, and he obtained news of the

movements of the men of the district. It was not known then that he had come to Midfjord. He learned that

One fine day Grettir rode to the West across the ridge to Thoroddsstad, where he arrived about noon and

knocked at the door. Some women came out and greeted him, not knowing who he was. He asked for

Thorbjorn, and they told him that he was gone out into the fields to bind hay with his sixteenyearold son

Arnor. Thorbjorn was a hard worker and was scarcely ever idle. Grettir on hearing that bade them farewell

and rode off North on the road to Reykir. There is some marshland stretching away from the ridge with

much grassland, where Thorbjorn had made a quantity of hay which was just dry. He was just about to bind

it up for bringing in with the help of his son, while a woman gathered up what was left. Grettir rode to the

field from below, Thorbjorn and his son being above him; they had finished one load and were beginning a

second. Thorbjorn had laid down his shield and sword against the load, and his son had his handaxe near

Thorbjorn saw a man coming and said to his son: "There is a man riding towards us; we had better stop

They did so; Grettir got off his horse. He had a helmet on his head, a short sword by his side, and a great

spear in his hand without barbs and inlaid with silver at the socket. He sat down and knocked out the rivet

which fastened the head in order to prevent Thorbjorn from returning the spear upon him.

Thorbjorn said: "This is a big man. I am no good at judging men if that is not Grettir the son of Asmund. No

doubt be thinks that he has sufficient business with us. We will meet him boldly and show him no signs of

fear. We must act with a plan. I will go on ahead towards him and see how we get on together, for I will trust

myself against any man if I can meet him alone. Do you go round and get behind him; take your axe with

both hands and strike him between the shoulders. You need not fear that he will hurt you, for his back will be

Neither of them had a helmet. Grettir went along the marsh and when he was within range launched his spear

at Thorbjorn. The head was not so firm as he had intended it to be, so it got loose in its flight and fell off on

to the ground. Thorbjorn took his shield, held it before him, drew his sword and turned against Grettir

directly he recognised him. Grettir drew his sword, and, turning round a little, saw the boy behind him; so he

kept continually on the move. When he saw that the boy was within reach he raised his sword aloft and struck

Arnor's head with the back of it such a blow that the skull broke and he died. Then Thorbjorn rushed upon

Grettir and struck at him, but he parried it with the buckler in his left hand and struck with his sword a blow

which severed Thorbjorn's shield in two and went into his head, reaching the brain. Thorbjorn fell dead.

Grettir gave him no more wounds; he searched for the spearhead but could not find it. He got on to his

The woman who was out in the field with them witnessed the battle. She ran home terrified and told the news

that Thorbjorn and his son were killed. The people at home were much taken aback, for no one was aware of

Grettir's arrival. They sent to the next homestead for men, who came in plenty and carried the body to the

church. The bloodfeud then fell to Thorodd Drapustuf, who at once called out his men.

Grettir rode home to Bjarg and told his mother what had happened. She was very glad and said he had now

shown his kinship to the Vatnsdal race. "And yet," she said, "this is the root and the beginning of your

outlawry; for certain I know that your dwelling here will not be for long by reason of Thorbjorn's kinsmen,

Grettir said he meant now to visit his friends and kinsmen in the western regions, and that she should have no

unpleasantness on his account. Then he made ready to go, and parted with much affection from his mother.

First he went to Melar in Hrutafjord and recounted to his brotherinlaw Gamli all his adventure with

Thorbjorn. Gamli begged him to betake himself away from Hrutafjord while the kinsmen of Thorbjorn were

abroad with their men, and said they would support him in the suit about Atli's slaying to the best of their

power. Then Grettir rode to the West across the Laxardal Heath and did not stop before he reached

Thorodd Drapustuf now made inquiries who it was who had killed Thorbjorn and his son. They went to

Reykir, where they were told that Grettir had proclaimed the slaying. Thorodd then saw how matters stood

and went to Bjarg, where he found many people and asked whether Grettir was there. Asdis said that he was

"You can be well content to leave things as they are. The vengeance for Atli was not excessive, if it be

reckoned up. No one asked what I had to suffer then, and now it were well for it to rest."

Then they rode home, and it seemed as if there were nothing to be done. The spear which Grettir had lost was

never found until within the memory of men now living. It was found in the later days of Sturla the Lawman,

the son of Thord, in the very marsh where Thorbjorn fell, now called Spearmarsh. This is the proof that he

Thorbjorn's kinsmen learned of Grettir's being in Ljarskogar and called together their men with the purpose of

going there. Gamli heard of this at Melar and sent word to Thorsteinn and Grettir of their approach.

Thorsteinn sent Grettir on to Tunga to Snorri the Godi, with whom he was then at peace, and advised Grettir

to ask for his protection, and if it were refused to go West to Thorgils the son of Ari in Reykjaholar, "who

will surely take you in for the winter. Stay there in the Western fjords until the affair is settled."

Grettir said he would follow his counsel. He rode to Tunga where he found Snorri and asked to be taken in.

Snorri answered: "I am now an old man, and have no mind to harbour outlaws, unless in a case of necessity.

Grettir said that Thorsteinn had often shown him kindness; "but we shall need more than him alone to do any

Snorri said: "I will put in my word on your behalf, if it will be of any use to you. But you must seek your

So they parted. Grettir then went West to Reykjanes. The men of Hrutafjord came with their followers to

Samsstad, where they heard that Grettir had left Ljarskogar, and went back home.

Grettir came to Reykjaholar towards the beginning of the winter and asked Thorgils to let him stay the winter

with him. Thorgils said he was welcome to his entertainment, like other free men; "but," he said, "we do not

"There is another little difficulty," Thorgils continued. "Some men are expected here who are a little

hotheaded, namely, the fosterbrothers Thorgeir and Thormod. I do not know how it will suit you to be

together with them. They shall always have entertainment here whenever they wish for it. You may stay here

Grettir said that he would not be the first to raise a quarrel with any man, more especially since the bondi had

Soon after the fosterbrothers came up. Thorgeir and Grettir did not take very kindly to one another, but

Thormod behaved with propriety. Thorgils said to them what he had said to Grettir, and so great was the

deference paid to him that none of them spoke an improper word to the other, although they did not always

Men say that the islands called Olafseyjar, lying in the fjord about a mile and a half from Reykjanes,

belonged to Thorgils. He had there a valuable ox, which he had not brought away in the autumn. He was

always saying that he wanted him to be brought in before Yule. One day the fosterbrothers prepared to go

and fetch the ox, but wanted a third man to help them. Grettir offered to go with them and they were very

glad to have him. So the three set out in a tenoared boat. The weather was cold and the wind from the North;

the boat was lying at Hvalshausholm. When they left the wind had freshened a little; they reached the island

and caught the ox. Grettir asked whether they preferred to ship the ox or to hold the boat, for there was a high

surf running on the shore. They told him to hold the boat. He stood by her middle on the side away from the

land, the sea reaching right up to beneath his shoulders, but he held the boat firmly so that she could not drift.

Thorgeir took the ox by the stern and Thormod by the head, and so they hove him into the boat. Then they

started heading for the bay, Thormod taking the bowoars with Thorgeir amidships and Grettir in the stern.

By the time they reached Hafraklett the wind was very high. Thorgeir said: "The stern is slackening."

Grettir said: "The stem will not be left behind if the rowing amidships is all right."

Thorgeir then bent his back to the oars and pulled so violently that both the rowlocks carried away. He said:

Grettir pulled vigorously whilst Thorgeir mended the rowlocks. But when Thorgeir was about to take over the

oars again they were so damaged that on Grettir giving them a shake on the gunwale they broke. Thormod

said it would be better to row less and not to break the ship. Then Grettir took two spars which were on

board, bored two holes in the gunwale, and rowed so energetically that every timber creaked. As the boat was

well found and the men in good condition they reached Hvalshausholm. Grettir asked whether they would go

on home with the ox or whether they would beach the boat. They preferred to beach the boat, and they did so

with all the water that was in her all frozen. Grettir got off the ox, which was very stiff in its limbs and very

fat and tired; when they got to Titlingsstad it could go no more. The fosterbrothers went home, for none of

them would help the other at his job. Thorgils asked after Grettir; they told him how they had parted, and he

sent men out to him. When they came below Hellisholar they saw a man coming towards them with an ox on

his back; it was Grettir carrying the ox. They all admired his great feat, but Thorgeir became rather jealous of

One day soon after Yule Grettir went out alone to bathe. Thorgeir knew of it and said to Thormod: "Let us go

"I don't care to do that," Thormod said; "and I do not think you will get any good from him."

He went down to the bank, carrying his axe aloft. Grettir was just coming out of the water, and when they

met Thorgeir said: "Is it true, Grettir, that you once said you would not run away from any single person."

"I don't know whether I did," Grettir said; "but I have scarcely run away from you."

Thorgeir raised his axe. In a moment Grettir ran at him and brought him over with a heavy fall. Thorgeir said

Thormod then got Grettir by the leg and tried to drag him off Thorgeir but could not. He was wearing a short

sword, and was just about to draw it when Thorgils came up and told them to behave themselves and not to

fight with Grettir. They did as he bade and made out that it was all play. They had no more strife, so far as

has been told, and men thought Thorgils blessed by fortune in having been able to pacify men of such violent

When the spring set in they all departed. Grettir went on to Thorskafjord. When some one asked him how he

liked his entertainment at Reykjaholar he answered: "Our fare was such that I enjoyed my food very much

Thorgils, the son of Ari, rode to the Thing with a large following. All the magnates were there from all parts

of the country, and he soon met with Skapti the Lawman and had some talk with him. Skapti said:

"Is it true, Thorgils, that you have been giving winter entertainment to three of the most unruly men in the

country, all three of them outlaws, and that you kept order so well that none of them did any harm to the

Skapti said: "Well, I think it shows what authority you possess. But how did their characters appear to you?

"They are all entirely valiant," he answered, "but of two of them I will not say that they never fear; only there

is a difference. Thormod fears God, and is a man of great piety; and Grettir fears the dark. He will not, if he

may follow his own inclination, venture anywhere after nightfall. But Thorgeir, my kinsman, he I think

"They must be each of them as you say," said Skapti, and there their conversation ended.

At the Thing Thorodd Drapustuf laid his complaint in the matter of the slaying of Thorbjorn Oxmain, for he

had failed in the Hunavatn Thing through the influence of Atli's kinsmen. Here he thought that there was less

likelihood of his case being overborne. Atli's party sought counsel of Skapti the Lawman; he said that their

defence appeared to him a good one, and that full bloodmoney would have to be paid for Atli. Then the case

was brought before the judges, and the opinion of the majority was that the slaying of Atli was set off by that

of Thorbjorn. Skapti when he heard of it went to the judges and asked them on what grounds their decision

Skapti asked: "Which happened first, the outlawing of Grettir or the death of Atli?"

"They reckoned up and found that a week had elapsed between the two events. Grettir was outlawed at the

"That was what I expected," Skapti said. "You have overlooked the facts; you have treated as a party to the

suit a man who was an outlaw, a man who was stopped from appearing either as plaintiff or defendant. I

maintain that Grettir has no standing in the case, and that it must be brought by the kinsmen of the deceased

Thorodd Drapustuf said: "Who then is to answer for the slaying of my brother Thorbjorn?"

"See to that yourself," said Skapti. "Grettir's kinsmen are not liable to pay for his deeds unless his sentence be

When Thorvald the son of Asgeir learned of Grettir's status in court having been disallowed, inquiry was

made for Atli's nearest of kin, and these were found to be Skeggi the son of Gamli at Melar and Ospak the

son of Glum of Eyr in Bitra. Both were valiant and strenuous men. Thorodd was then mulcted in blood

"Men of Hrutafjord! Are you willing now to agree to the remission of the fine in consideration of Grettir's

Grettir's kinsmen welcomed this proposal, and said they did not care about the money if Grettir could have

peace and freedom. Thorodd said he saw that his case was beset with difficulties, and that for his part he was

willing to accept the proposal. Snorri said that inquiry must first be made whether Thorir of Gard would agree

to Grettir being freed. When Thorir heard of it he was furious, and said that never should Grettir either go or

come out of his outlawry. So far from consenting to his being amnestied, he would put a higher price upon

When they knew that he would take it so ill, nothing more was said about the amnesty. Ospak and Skeggi

took the money that was paid and kept it, while Thorodd Drapustuf got no compensation for his brother

Thorbjorn. He and Thorir each offered a reward of three marks of silver for Grettir's head; this seemed to men

to be an innovation, for never before had more than three marks in all been offered. Snorri said it was very

unwise to make such efforts to keep a man outlawed who could do so much mischief, and that many would

Grettir went over the Thorskafjord Heath to Langadal, where he let his hands sweep over the property of the

smaller cultivators, taking what he wanted from every one. From some he got weapons, from others clothes.

They gave up their property very variously, but when he was gone all said that they had been compelled to do

There dwelt on the Vatnsfjord one Vermund the Slender, a brother of VigaStyr, who had married Thorbjorg

the daughter of Olaf Peacock, the son of Hoskuld, called Thorbjorg the Fat. At the time when Grettir was in

Langadal Vermund was away at the Thing. He went across the ridge to Laugabol where a man named Helgi

was living, one of the principal bondis. Thence Grettir took a good horse belonging to the bondi and rode on

to Gervidal, where dwelt a man named Thorkell. He was well provided but in a small way of business. Grettir

took from him what he wanted, Thorkell daring neither to withhold anything nor to protest. Thence Grettir

went to Eyr and on to the coast of the fjord, obtaining food and clothes from every homestead and making

himself generally disagreeable, so that men found it hard to live while he was about.

Grettir went boldly on, taking little care of himself. He went on until he came to Vatnsfjardardal and entered

a dairy shelter, where he stayed several nights. There he lay sleeping in the forest, fearing for nothing. When

the shepherds learned of it they reported in the homesteads that a fiend had come into the place who they

thought would be hard to deal with. All the farmers came together and a band of thirty of them concealed

themselves in the forest where Grettir could not know of them. They set one of the shepherds to watch for an

opportunity of seizing him, without however knowing very clearly who the man was.

One day when Grettir was lying asleep the farmers came up to him. They considered how they should take

him with least danger to themselves, and arranged that ten should fall upon him while others laid bonds round

his feet. They threw themselves on to him, but Grettir struggled so violently that he threw them all off and

came down on his hands and knees. Then they threw ropes round his feet. Grettir kicked two of them in the

ears and they fell senseless. One came on after the other; long and hard he struggled, but at last they

succeeded in getting him down and binding him. Then they began to ask themselves what they were going to

do with him. They asked Helgi of Laugabol to take him over and look after him until Vermund returned from

He said: "I have something better to do than to keep my men guarding him. I have labour enough with my

Then they asked Thorkell of Gervidal to take him and said he had sufficient means. He objected strongly and

said he had no accommodation for him, "I lie at home with my wife, far from other men. You shall not bring

"Then you, Thoralf of Eyr," they said; "you take Grettir and look after him well while the Thing lasts, or else

hand him on to the next farm; only be answerable for his not escaping. Give him over bound, just as you

He said: "I am not going to take Grettir. I have neither means nor money to keep him, nor was he captured on

my property. So far as I can see much more trouble than credit is to be got by taking him or having anything

Each of the bondis was asked, but all refused. Some witty person wrote a poem about these confabulations

and called it "Grettir's Faring," adding many jests of his own for the dilectification of men. After parleying

for a long time they all came to an agreement that they would not throw away their luck, and set to work to

raise a gallows there and then in the forest upon which Grettir should hang. Their delight over this proposal

Then they saw three people riding along the valley from below, one of them in a dyed dress. They guessed

that it must be Thorbjorg the mistress of Vatnsfjord on her way to the dairy, and so it was. Thorbjorg was a

person of great magnificence, and tremendously wise. She was the leading personage of the district and

managed everything when Vermund was away. She came up to where the crowd was gathered and was lifted

"What is your meeting about? Who is this thicknecked man sitting there in bonds?"

"You are indeed unfortunate," she said, "that a pack of churls like these should have captured you and that

The bondis said that they were going to hoist him on to a gallows for his misdeeds.

She said: "It may be that Grettir has deserved it, but it will bring trouble upon you men of Isafjord if you take

the life of a man so renowned and so highly connected as Grettir, illstarred though he be. Now what will

"You shall swear never to commit any violence here in Isafjord; nor shall you take revenge upon those who

Grettir said it should be as she desired, and he was released. He said it was the greatest effort of selfrestraint

that he ever made that he did not thrash the men who were there triumphing over him. Thorbjorg told him to

come home with her and gave him a horse to ride on. So he went to Vatnsfjord and stayed there well cared

for by the mistress until Vermund returned. She gained great renown from this deed through the district.

Vermund was very much put out when he got home and asked why Grettir was there. Thorbjorg told him

"Many reasons there were," she said. "The first is that you might be the more respected as a chief for having a

wife who would dare to do such a thing. Next, his kinswoman Hrefna will surely say that I could not let him

be slain; and thirdly, because he is in many respects a man of the highest worth."

"You are a wise woman," he said, "in most things. I thank you for what you have done."

Then he said to Grettir: "You have sold yourself very cheap, such a man of prowess as you are, to let yourself

be taken by churls. This is what always happens to those who cannot control themselves."

"Great will your life be and troublous," said Vermund; "but now you have learnt to beware of your foes. I

cannot keep you here, for it would rouse the enmity of many powerful men against me. Your best way is to

seek your kinsmen; there are not many who will be willing to take you in if they can do anything else; nor are

Grettir remained for a time in Vatnsfjord and went thence to the Western fjords and tried several of the

leading men there, but something always happened to prevent their taking him in.

During the autumn Grettir returned to the South and did not stop till he came to his kinsman Thorsteinn

Kuggason in Ljarskogar, who welcomed him. He accepted Thorsteinn's invitation to stay the winter with him.

Thorsteinn was a man who worked very hard; he was a smith, and kept a number of men working for him.

Grettir was not one for hard work, so that their dispositions did not agree very well. Thorsteinn had had a

church built on his lands, with a bridge from his house, made with much ingenuity. Outside the bridge, on the

beam which supported it, rings were fastened and bells, which could be heard from Skarfsstadir half a

seamile distant when any one walked over the bridge. The building of the bridge had cost Thorsteinn, who

was a great worker in iron, much labour. Grettir was a firstrate hand at forging the iron, but was not often

inclined to work at it. He was very quiet during the winter so that there is not much to relate.

The men of Hrutafjord heard that Grettir was with Thorsteinn, and gathered their forces in the spring.

Thorsteinn then told Grettir that he must find some other hidingplace for himself, since he would not work.

Thorsteinn told him to go South to his kinsmen, but to return to him if he found them of no use.

Grettir did so. He went to Borgarfjord in the South to visit Grim the son of Thorhall, and stayed with him till

the Thing was over. Grim sent him on to Skapti the Lawman at Hjalli. He went South over the lower heaths

and did not stop before he reached Tunga, where he went to Thorhall, the son of Asgrim the son of

Ellidagrim, and paid few visits to the farms around. Thorhall knew of Grettir through the relations which had

been between their ancestors; indeed Grettir's name was well known throughout the country because of his

exploits. Thorhall was a wise man and treated Grettir well, but did not want to keep him there for very long.

Grettir went from Tunga up the Haukadal valley northwards to Kjol and was there for some time in the

summer. For men travelling either to the North or to the South there was no certainty of their not being

stripped of what they had on them, for he was hard pressed for the means of living.

One day when Grettir was keeping to the North near Dufunesskeid he saw a man riding South along the Kjol

valley. He was a tall man on horseback, riding a good horse with a studded bridle, and was leading another

horse loaded with sacks. He had a slouched hat on his head, so that his face was not clearly seen. Grettir was

very pleased to see his horse and his property, and went to meet him and asked him his name. He said it was

Lopt, and added: "I know what your name is; you are Grettir the Strong, son of Asmund. Whither are you

"I have not made up my mind yet about that," said Grettir. "My present business is to know whether you will

"Why should I give you what belongs to me? What will you give me for the things?"

"Have you not heard that I never pay anything? And yet it seems to most people that I get what I want."

Lopt said: "Make this offer to those who seem good to you; I am not going to give my property away for

nothing. Let us each go our own way." Then he whipped on his horse and was about to ride away from

"We shall not part so quickly as that," said Grettir, and seized the bridle of Lopt's horse in front of his hands,

"Go your own way," said Lopt; "you will get nothing from me as long as I am able to hold it."

Lopt reached down along the cheekstrap and got hold of the reins between the end ring and Grettir's hands,

pulling with such force that Grettir let go, and at last Lopt wrenched the whole bridle away from him. Grettir

looked at his palms and thought that this man must have strength in his claws rather than not. Then he looked

Grettir said: "There is no certainty to be had from asking where your dwelling is if you do not speak more

Then they parted. Grettir saw that he had no strength against this man. Then he spoke a verse:

After this Grettir left Kjol and went South to Hjalli where he asked Skapti for shelter. Skapti said: "I am told

that you are acting with violence and are robbing men of their property; that ill becomes a man so highly

connected as you are. It would be easier to negotiate if you gave up robbing. Now as I am called Lawman of

this country, it would not be seemly for me to break the law by harbouring outlaws. I would like you to

Grettir said he would be very glad to, but that he could scarcely live alone owing to his fear of the dark.

Skapti said he would have to content himself with something short of the best: "And trust no one so fully that

what happened to you in the Western fjords may be repeated. Many have been brought to death by

Grettir thanked him for his good advice and turned back to Borgarfjord in the autumn, when he went to his

friend Grim, the son of Thorhall, and told him what Skapti had said. Grim advised him to go to the North to

Grettir went up to the Arnarvatn Heath and built himself a hut there of which the remains are still to be seen.

He went there because he wanted to do anything rather than rob, so he got himself a net and a boat and went

out fishing to support himself. It was a weary time for him in the mountains because of his fear of the dark.

Other outlaws heard of his having come there and wanted to go and see him, thinking that he would be a

There was an outlaw from the North named Grim. This man was bribed by those of Hrutafjord to kill Grettir.

They promised him pardon and money if he succeeded. He went to visit Grettir and asked for his hospitality.

Grettir said: "I do not see how you will be holpen by coming to me, and you men of the forest are

untrustworthy. But it is ill to live alone; I have no choice. Only he shall be with me who is willing to work at

Grim said that was just what he wished and pressed Grettir much, until Grettir let himself be persuaded and

took him in. He stayed there right into the winter, and watched Grettir closely, but it seemed no easy matter to

attack him, for Grettir was suspicious and kept his weapons at hand night and day; when he was awake the

One morning Grim came home from fishing and went into the hut stamping with his feet and wanting to

know whether Grettir was asleep. Grettir lay still and did not move. There was a short sword hanging above

his head. Grim thought he would never have a better opportunity. He made a loud noise to see whether Grettir

took any notice, but he did not, so Grim felt sure that he was asleep. He crept stealthily to the bed, reached up

to the sword, took it down and raised it to strike. just at the moment when he raised it Grettir sprang up on to

the floor, and, seizing the sword with one hand, Grim with the other, hurled him over so that he fell nearly

senseless. "This is how you have proved yourself with all your friendly seeming," he said. Then he got the

whole truth out of him and killed him. He learned from this what it was to take in a forestman. So the winter

Thorir of Gard now heard where Grettir had taken up his abode and meant to leave no stone unturned to get

him slain. There was a man named Thorir Redbeard, a stout man and a great fighter, on which account he had

been declared outlaw throughout the country. Thorir of Gard sent word to him, and when they met asked

Redbeard to undertake the business of slaying Grettir. Redbeard said that was no easy task, as Grettir was

very wide awake and very cautious. Thorir told him to try it, saying: "It would be a splendid deed for a

valiant man like you; I will get your outlawing removed and give you sufficient money as well."

So Redbeard agreed and Thorir told him how he should go to work to deal with Grettir. Redbeard then went

away into the East in order that Grettir might not suspect where he came from. Thence he came to the

Arnarvatn Heath, where Grettir had then been for one winter, found Grettir and asked him for entertainment.

He said: "I cannot allow people to play with me again as the man did who came here last autumn, pretending

to be very friendly; before he had been here very long be began plotting against my life. I cannot risk taking

"I think you have reason," Thorir said, "to mistrust forestmen. It may be you have heard tell of me as a man

of blood and a disturber of peace, but never did you hear of such a monstrous deed of me as that I betrayed

my host. Ill is the lot of him who has an ill name; for men think of him but as such; nor would I have come

here if I had had any better choice. All is not lost for us if we stand together. You might venture so much to

begin with as to try how you like me, and then if you find any unfitness in me turn me away."

"Well," said Grettir, "I will risk it with you; but know of a surety that if I suspect you of any treachery it will

Thorir agreed. Grettir took him in and found that in whatever he did he had the strength of two men. He was

ready for anything that Grettir gave him to do. Nothing did Grettir need to do for himself, and he had never

lived so comfortably since he had become an outlaw. Nevertheless he was so wary that Thorir got no chance.

Two years was Thorir Redbeard with Grettir on the Heath, and at last he began to weary of it. He thought

One night in the spring a heavy gale sprang up while they were asleep. Grettir awoke and asked where their

boat was. Thorir sprang up, ran to the boat, broke her all in pieces, and threw the fragments about so that it

looked as if the storm had wrecked her. Then he returned to the hut and said aloud: "You have had bad luck,

my friend. Our boat is all broken in pieces and the nets are lying far out in the lake."

"Get them back then," said Grettir. "It seems to me to be your doing that the boat is smashed."

"Of all things which I can do," said Thorir, "swimming is that which suits me least. In almost anything else I

think I can hold my own with any ordinary man. You know very well that I have been no burden to you since

Grettir then arose, took his arms and went to the lake. There was a point of land running out into the lake with

a large bay on the further side of it. The water was deep up to the shore. Grettir said: "Swim out to the nets

"I told you before," Thorir said, "that I cannot swim. I do not know now where all your boldness and daring

Then he threw off his clothes and his weapons and swain out to the nets. He gathered them together, returned

to the shore and cast them up on to the bank. just as he was about to land Thorir quickly seized his short

sword and drew it. He ran towards Grettir as he stepped on to the bank and aimed a blow at him. Grettir

threw himself down backwards into the water and sank like a stone. Thorir stood by the shore intending to

guard it until he came up. Grettir swam beneath the water, keeping close to the bank so that Thorir could not

see him, and so reached the bay behind him, where he landed without letting himself be seen. The first Thorir

knew of it was when Grettir lifted him up over his head and dashed him down with such violence that the

sword fell out of his hand. Grettir got possession of it and without speaking a word cut off his head. So his

life ended. After that Grettir refused to take in any forestmen, and yet he could not live alone.

At the AllThing Thorir of Gard learned of Thorir Redbeard having been killed. It was evident that the

matter was not so easy to deal with. He now determined to ride from the Thing in a westerly direction

through the lower heath, and with the aid of about eighty men whom he had with him to take Grettir's life.

Grim the son of Thorhall heard of his plans and sent word to Grettir, bidding him beware of himself. Grettir

One day he saw a number of men coming in the direction of his place of dwelling. He went into a gorge

between two rocks, but did not go right away because he did not see the whole of the troop. Thorir then came

up with his whole party and bade them go between his head and his body, saying that the scoundrel had but a

"A filled cup is not yet drunk," answered Grettir. "You have come far to seek me, and some of you shall bear

Thorir urged his men on to attack him. The gorge was very narrow so that he could easily defend it from one

end, and he wondered much that they did not get round to his rear to hurt him. Some of Thorir's men fell and

some were wounded, but they effected nothing. Then Thorir said: "I always heard that Grettir was

distinguished for his courage and daring, but I never knew that he was so skilled in magic as I now see he is;

for there fall half as many again behind his back as before his face, and I see that we have to do with a troll

So he bade his men retire, and they did so. Grettir wondered what the explanation could be, but was terribly

exhausted. Thorir and his men withdrew and rode into the northern parts. Their expedition was considered

very disgraceful. Thorir had left eighteen men on the ground and had many wounded.

Grettir then went up the gorge and found there a man of huge stature sitting up against the rock and sorely

wounded. Grettir asked his name, and he said it was Hallmund, adding: "That you may recognise me I may

remind you that you thought I gripped the reins rather tightly when I met you in Kjol last summer. I think I

"Indeed," said Grettir, "I think you have done me a manly service; whenever I can I will repay it."

"Now I wish," said Hallmund, "that you may come to my home, for it must seem wearisome to you here on

Grettir said he would come willingly, and they both went together to the foot of the Balljokull, where

Hallmund had a large cave. There they found his daughter, a fine and wellgrown maiden. They treated

Grettir well, and the daughter nursed both the wounded men to health again. Grettir stayed there some time

LVII. ATTACK ON GRETTIR BY THORIR OF GARD WITH EIGHTY MEN REPULSED WITH THE AID OF HALLMUND 69

As the summer passed Grettir began to long for the habitations of men, and to see his friends and kinsmen.

Hallmund told him to visit him when he returned to the South and Grettir promised to do so. He went

westwards to Borgarfjord and thence to Breidafjardardalir and sought counsel of Thorsteinn Kuggason as to

where he should go next. Thorsteinn said that his enemies were now becoming so numerous that few would

care to take him in; but told him to_go to Myrar and see what he found there. So in the autumn he went to

There lived in Holm Bjorn the Hitdale Warrior, who was the son of Arngeir, the son of Bersi the Godless, the

son of Balki, who was the first settler in Hrutafjord, as has already been told. Bjorn was a great chief and a

valiant man, always ready to take in outlaws. He received Grettir well when he came to Holm on account of

the friendship which had existed between their former kinsmen. Grettir asked if he would give him shelter,

and Bjorn said that he had so many quarrels throughout the land that men would be reluctant to take him in

for fear of being outlawed themselves. "But," he said, "I will give you some help if you will leave the men

Grettir promised that he would, and Bjorn continued: "I have thought of something. In the mountain which

stretches away from the Hitara river there is a good position for defence, and likewise a good hidingplace if

it is skilfully managed. There is a hole through the mountain from which you can see down upon the high

road that lies immediately beneath it, and a sandy slope down to the road so steep that few could get up it if it

were defended above by one doughty man up in the hollow. It may, I think, be worth your while to consider

whether you can stay there; it is easy to go down from there to the Myrar to get your supplies, and to reach

Grettir said he would trust to his foresight if he would help him a little. Then he went to Fagraskogafjall and

made himself a home there. He hung some grey wadmal in front of the hole, and it looked from the road

below as if one could see through. Then he began to get in his supplies, but the Myramen thought they had an

Thord the son of Kolbeinn was an excellent poet who dwelt in Hitarnes. There was a great feud between him

and Bjorn at that time, and Bjorn thought it would be more than half useful to him if Grettir were to busy

himself with Thord's men or his cattle. Grettir was a great deal with Bjorn and they had many games of

strength. It is related in Bjorn's saga that they were considered equal in strength, but the opinion of most

people is that Grettir was the strongest man that had been in the land since the days when Orin Storolfsson

and Thoralf Skolmsson ceased their trials of strength. Grettir and Bjorn swam in one course the whole length

of the Hitara from the lake at its head down to the sea. They brought the steppingstones into the river which

neither floods nor freezing nor icedrifts have since moved from their places. Grettir stayed a year in

Fagraskogafjall without any attack being made upon him, and yet many lost their property through his means

and got nothing for it, because his position was strong for defence and he was always in good friendship with

LVIII. GRETTIR VISITS BJORN THE HITDALE WARRIOR AND TAKES REFUGE IN THE FAGRASKOGAFJALL 70

There was a man named Gisli; he was the son of that Thorsteinn whom Snorri the Godi had caused to be

slain. He was a big strong man, very ostentatious in his dress and in his armour, a man with a high opinion of

himself and very boastful. He was a mariner, and landed at the Hvita river in the summer after Grettir had

spent a winter in the mountains. Thord the son of Kolbeinn rode to his ship and was welcomed by Gisli, who

offered him of his wares whatever he cared to have. Thord accepted his offer and they began to have some

talk together. Gisli asked: "Is it true what I hear that you are in difficulty how to rid yourself of a forestman

who is doing you much hurt?" "We have made no attempt yet," said Thord, "because a great many think he is

"It seems likely that you will have trouble with Bjorn, unless you drive him away. All the worse it is that I

"Don't talk to me about Grettir," said Gisli. "I have been in much greater straits in my campaigns with King

Knut the Mighty and in the western seas, where I was always considered to have held my own. Only let me

Thord answered that he should not do it for nothing if he killed Grettir: "There is more money on his head

than on that of any other outlaw. First there were six marks of silver, this summer Thorir of Gard added three

"Everything will be attempted for money," said Gisli: "especially with us traders. But we must keep quiet

about what we have been saying, for Grettir will be more on his guard if he hears that you have taken me into

your counsels. I intend next winter to be at Olduhrygg; is there any hidingplace of his on my way there? He

will not be prepared for this, and I shall not take many men with me to attack him."

Thord approved of his proposal. He rode home soon after and kept very quiet about it. And now was proved

what has often been said, that: Off in the woods is a listener nigh. Men who were friends of Bjorn in Hitardal

overheard their conversation and reported it accurately to him. Bjorn told Grettir of it when they met, and

said now he should see how to encounter him. "It would be no bad joke," he said, "if you were to injure him

Grettir grinned but said little. Towards the time of gathering in the cattle Grettir went down to Flysjuhverfi to

get some sheep and got four wethers. The bondis heard of his having come and went after him. They came up

just at about the moment when he reached the foot of his mountain and wanted to drive the sheep away from

him. But they would not attack him with weapons. There were six of them and they stood across his path to

bar his way. He was concerned about his sheep, got angry, seized three of them and threw them down the hill

so that they lay senseless. The others when they saw it went at him, but rather halfheartedly. Grettir took the

sheep, fastened them together by the horns, threw two over each shoulder and carried them off. Then he went

up into his den. The bondis turned back feeling they had had the worst of it, and were more discontented with

Gisli stayed with his ship that autumn until she was ready to be hauled up. Several things happened to delay

him, so that he was late in getting away and rode off very little before the winter nights. Then he rode North

and stayed at Hraun on the south bank of the Hitara. Next morning before he rode out he said to his servants:

"Now we will ride in red clothes and let the forestman see that we are not like the other travellers who beat

There were three of them and they did as he bade. When they had crossed the river he said: "Here I am told

dwells the forestman, up in that peak; but the way is not an easy one. Would it not please him to come to us

That morning Grettir had got up early. The weather was cold, it was freezing and some snow had fallen, but

very little. He saw three men riding from the South across the Hitara, and the light shone from their apparel

and from their enamelled shields. It occurred to Grettir who it might be, and he thought he would relieve

them of some of their accoutrements. He was very curious to meet a man who went about so ostentatiously.

So he took his weapons and hurried down the hillside. Gisli when he heard the clattering of the stones said:

"A man, rather tall, is coming down the hill and wants to meet us. Let us act boldly and we shall have good

sport." His men said that this fellow had great confidence in himself to run into their hands; but that he who

asked should have. Then they got off their horses. Grettir came up to them and laid hold of a bag of clothes

Grettir said: "No; that is not so clear to me. Nor do I make much difference between one man and another

"May be it seems little to you," said Gisli; "but I would sooner part with thirty hundred ells of wadmal. It

They obeyed. Grettir fell back a little and reached a stone which is still standing by the side of the way and is

called Grettishaf, where he stood at bay. Gisli urged on his men, and Grettir saw that he was not quite so

valiant as he pretended to be, for he kept well behind them. Grettir got tired of being hemmed in, so he made

a lunge with his sword and killed one of Gisli's men, sprang from his stone and assailed them so vigorously

that Gisli fell back all along the foot of the hill. Then his other man was killed.

Grettir said: "One would scarcely see that you have achieved much in the world abroad, and you have

Gisli answered: "The fire is hottest to him who is in it; it is ill dealing with men from Hel."

They had exchanged few more blows when Gisli threw away his arms and bolted right away along the foot of

the mountain. Grettir gave him time to throw away whatever he liked, and at every opportunity he threw off

something more of his clothes. Grettir never followed him so closely that there was not some distance

between them. He ran right away from the mountains, across Kaldardal, round Aslaug's Cliff, above

By that time he had nothing left on him but his shirt, and was terribly exhausted. Grettir still followed,

keeping now within reach of him. He pulled off a great branch. Gisli did not stop till he reached Haffjardara

river, which was all swollen and difficult to ford. Gisli was going right out into the river when Grettir pressed

Grettir got him down, sat on the top of him and asked: "Are you the Gisli who wanted to meet Grettir?"

"I have found him now," he answered; "but I know not how I shall part with him. Keep what you have taken

Grettir said: "You will not understand what I am going to tell you, so I must give you something to remember

it by." Then he pulled up Gisli's shirt over his head and let the rod play on both sides of his back. Gisli

struggled to get away, but Grettir gave him a sound whipping and then let him go. Gisli thought that he would

sooner not learn anything from Grettir than have another such flogging, nor did he do anything more to earn

it. Directly he got his feet under him again he ran off to a large pool and swam across the river. In the evening

he reached the settlement called Hrossholt, very exhausted. There he lay for a week, his body covered with

Grettir turned back, gathered up all the things which Gisli had thrown away and took them home. Gisli never

got them back again; many thought be had only got what he deserved for his noisy boasting. Grettir made a

In the spring after this Gisli prepared to go on board his ship and forbade in the strongest terms anything

which belonged to him being carried South by the way of the mountains; for he said that the Fiend himself

was there. Gisli when he went South to join his ship kept all the way along the coast and he never met Grettir

again. Nobody considered him worth thinking about, nor do we hear any more of him in this saga. Grettir's

relations with Thord the son of Kolbeinn became worse than ever, and Thord tried every means to get Grettir

When Grettir had been two winters in Fagraskogafjall and the third winter had set in, he went South into

Myrar to the farm called Laekjarbug, where he took six wethers without their owner's permission. Then he

went down to Akrar and drove off two oxen for slaughter with several sheep, and went up South to the

Hitara. When the bondis heard of his exploits they sent word to Thord at Hitarnes and asked him to take the

lead in the slaying of Grettir. He was rather reluctant, but as they had asked him he sent his son Arnor,

afterwards called Jarlsbard, to go with them, and told them not to let Grettir escape. Messengers were then

There was a man named Bjarni who dwelt in Jorvi in Flysjuhverfi. He collected men on the other side of the

Hitara; the intention was that each band should keep on its own side. Grettir had two men with him, one

named Eyjolf, a stout man, the son of a bondi in Fagraskogar, and another. The party came on, about twenty

in number, under Thorarin from Akrar and Thorfinn of Laekjarbug. Grettir tried to get out across the river,

but was met by Arnor and Bjarni coming from the coast. There was a narrow point jutting out into the river

on Grettir's side, and when he saw the men approaching he drove his animals on to it, for he never would let

go anything of which he had once got possession. The Myramen prepared to attack in good order and Grettir

told his companions to guard his rear. They could not all come on at once. There was a hard struggle between

them; Grettir used his short sword with both hands and they found it not easy to get at him. Some of the

Myramen fell and some were wounded. The men on the other side of the river were rather slow in coming up

because there was no ford near. Before they had been fighting very long they fell back. Thorarin of Akrar was

a very old man and not able to join in the fighting. When the battle was over there came up his son Thrand,

his brother Ingjald's son Thorgils, Finnbogi the son of Thorgeir, the son of Thorhadd of Hitardal, and Steinolf

the son of Thorleif of Hraundal. They set on their men and there was a hard struggle.

Grettir saw that there was no choice left but either to flee or else to do his utmost and not spare himself. He

pressed on hard and nothing could hold against him, for his foes were so numerous that there was no chance

of escaping except by fighting to the last before he fell. He tried always to engage those who seemed most

courageous; first he went for Steinolf of Hraundal and cleft his skull down to his shoulders; then he struck at

Thorgils the son of Ingjald and almost cut him in two. Then Thrand tried to spring forward and avenge his

kinsmen, and Grettir hewed at his right thigh, cutting out all the muscles so that he could fight no more. Next

he gave Finnbogi a severe wound. Then Thorarin ordered them off. "The longer you fight," he said, "the

worse you will get from him and the more will he choose out the men from your company."

They obeyed and fell back. Ten had fallen; five were wounded to death or crippled, and nearly all who had

been in the battle were hurt. Grettir was terribly fatigued but little wounded. The Myramen drew off, having

suffered heavy losses, for many a good man had fallen. Those who were beyond the river came over slowly

and did not arrive till the fight was over, and when they saw the plight of their men Arnor would not risk

himself any further, for which he was much blamed by his father and by others. Men thought he was not

Grettir and his companions were all wounded; they took their horses and rode back along the foot of the

mountain. When they reached Fagraskogar Eyjolf was behind. There was a bondi's daughter there and she

The next time that Bjorn met Grettir he told him that this was a very serious affair, and that he would not be

able to stay there in peace much longer. "You have killed kinsmen and friends of mine, but I will not depart

Grettir said he was sorry to have given him offence, but that he had to defend his hands and his life. Bjorn

said it would have to remain so. Soon there came to him some of the men who had lost their kinsmen through

Grettir and petitioned him not to allow such a ruffian as he was to stay there any longer and molest them.

Thrand the son of Thorarin of Akrar had now recovered from his wound. He was a man of much worth, and

had married Steinunn the daughter of Hrut of Kambsnes. Steinolf's father Thorleif of Hraundal was a great

No more meetings are told of between Grettir and the Myramen while he was in the mountains. Bjorn

continued in friendship with him, but some of Bjorn's other friends fell away from him because of his

allowing Grettir to remain there, for they were annoyed at getting no compensation for the slaying of their

kinsmen. When the Thing assembled Grettir left the Myrar district and went to Borgarfjord, where he visited

Grim the son of Thorhall and sought counsel of him where he should move to next. Grim said he was not

powerful enough to keep him there, so Grettir went off to his friend Hallmund and stayed there till the end of

In the autumn Grettir went to Geitland, where he stayed till bright weather set in. Then he ascended the

Geitlandsjokull and turned his steps Southeast along the glacier, taking with him a kettle and fuel. It is

supposed that he went there by the counsel of Hallmund, who knew the country far and wide. He went on till

he came to a long and rather narrow valley in the glacier, shut in on every side by the ice which overhung the

valley. He went about everywhere, and found fair grassgrown banks and brushwood. There were hot

springs, and it seemed as if volcanic fires had kept the ice from closing in above the valley. A little stream

flowed down the dale with smooth banks on either side. Little did the light of the sun enter there, and the

number of sheep in the valley seemed to him countless. They were much better and fatter than any which he

Grettir stayed there and built himself a hut out of logs which he found about. He caught a sheep to eat, and it

was better for slaughter than two in other places. There was a ewe there with her lamb; she had a brown head

and excelled all the others in size. He was anxious to have the lamb, so he caught it and slaughtered it and got

half a measure of suet out of it, and it was better in every way. When Brownhead missed her lamb she came

up every night to Grettir's hut and bleated so that he never could get any sleep. He regretted much having

killed the lamb on account of the disturbance which she caused him. Every evening when the twilight set in

he heard a voice calling in the valley, and then the sheep used to run together into a place of shelter. Grettir

has told us that a blending ruled over the valley, a giant named Thorir, under whose protection he remained.

Grettir called the valley after him Thorisdal. He said that Thorir had daughters with whom he had some play,

and that they were very pleased, because not many people came there. And when the days of fasting came

Grettir remembered to tell them that fat and liver should be eaten in Lent. Nothing particular occurred that

winter, and Grettir found it so dull that he could not stay there any longer. He left the valley and went to the

South through the glacier, reaching the middle of Skjaldbreid from the North. There he took up a stone, cut a

hole in it and said that if a man put his eye to the hole he could see into the gully which flows out of

Thorisdal. Then he went across the country South and reached the eastern fjords. He spent the summer and

the winter on this journey and visited all the great men, but found them all against him so that nowhere could

he get lodging or shelter. So he returned to the North and stayed in various places.

Soon after Grettir had left the Arnarvatn Heath there came a man there named Grim, the son of a widow at

Kropp. He had killed the son of Eid of Ass, the son of Skeggi, and been outlawed for it. So there he stayed

where Grettir had been before him and got plenty of fish out of the lake. Hallmund was not at all pleased at

Grim being there instead of Grettir, and said that he should have little advantage from his great catches of

fish. One morning Grim had caught a hundred fish, which he brought to the hut and arranged outside. The

next morning when he went there every fish was gone. He thought it very strange, but returned to the lake

and caught this time two hundred. He carried them home and arranged them; again everything happened as

before; in the morning all were gone, evidently through the same agency as before. The third day he caught

three hundred, carried them home and kept a watch on his hut. He looked out through a hole in the door to

see if any one came, and so he remained for a time. When about one third of the night had passed he heard

some one walking near and stepping rather heavily; so he immediately took his axe, which was very sharp,

and wanted to know what was the matter. There came a man with a big basket on his back; he put it down

and looked round, but saw no one outside. He rummaged about among the fish and seemed to think that they

would do for him to lay hands upon. He threw them all into his basket and they quite filled it. The fishes were

so large that Grim thought no horse would be able to carry more. This man then took the load and got beneath

it. Just as he was about to rise Grim rushed out and taking his axe in both hands struck a blow at his neck

which went through the skin. He started in surprise and then ran off towards the south of the hill with his

basket. Grim went after him to see whether he had got him. They went south along the foot of the Balljokull

where the man entered a cave. There was a bright fire in the cave and a woman standing in it, very tall but

shapely. Grim heard her greet her father, calling him Hallmund. He flung down his load and heaved a great

"Hear now," he said, "what I tell you of my adventure. I will tell it to you in verse, and you shall cut it in

Many exploits of his did Hallmund recount in the lay, for he had been in every land.

The daughter said: "That man was not going to let his catch slip away from him. It was only to be expected,

"It is not certain that anybody will, but I think that Grettir would avenge me if he were able. It will not be

easy to go against this man's luck; he is destined to great things." Then as the lay continued his strength began

to fail. Hallmund died almost at the moment when he finished the song. She grieved much for him and wept

sorely. Then Grim came forward and bade her be comforted. "All," he said, "must depart when their fate

calls. It was partly his own fault, for I could not look on and see myself robbed."

She was somewhat cheered by the talk with him. Grim stayed several nights in the cave and learned the lay;

all went well with them. Grim was in the Arnarvatn Heath all the winter after Hallmund's death. Afterwards

Thorkell the son of Eyjolf came to the heath and fought with him. The meeting ended by Grim having

Thorkell's life in his power, but he would not kill him. Thorkell then took him in, sent him abroad and

supplied him with means; each was considered to have acted generously towards the other. Grim became a

We now return to Grettir, who came from the eastern fjords, travelling in disguise and hiding his head

because he did not wish to meet Thorir. That summer he spent in Modrudal Heath and other places. For a

time too he was on Reykja Heath. Thorir heard of his being on Reykja Heath, gathered his men and rode

thither, determined not to let him escape. Grettir scarcely knew of their plans before they came upon him. He

was in a hilldairy a little off the road with another man, and when they saw the troop they had to lay their

plans quickly. Grettir said they should make their horses lie down inside the house, and they did so. Thorir

rode forward across the heath in a northerly direction, missed the place, did not find Grettir and turned back

home. When the troop had ridden round to the West, Grettir said: "They will not be pleased with their

expedition if they do not meet me. You stay and mind the horses while I go after them. It would be a good

His companion tried to dissuade him, but he would go. He changed his dress, put on a wide hat which came

down over his face and took a stick in his hand. Then he went along the road towards them. They addressed

"I have seen the men whom you are seeking," he said, "you very nearly came upon them; they were on your

On hearing this they galloped off towards the marshes, which were so swampy that they could not get

through and had to spend a great part of the day dragging their horses out. They swore much at the supposed

traveller for playing a practical joke upon them. Grettir returned speedily home to his companion, and when

They rode off as fast as they could westwards towards the homestead in Gard before Thorir could come there

with his company. When they were near the place they met a man on the road who did not know them. There

was a young woman standing outside, very much dressed up, and Grettir asked who she was. The man who

From this the man learnt who it was, and rode to the house to tell them that Grettir had come round. When

Thorir returned many men thought that he had been bamboozled by Grettir. He then set spies to watch

Grettir's movements. Grettir took the precaution of sending his companion to the western districts with his

horse, while he himself went North into the mountains at the beginning of the winter, muffling up his face so

that no one should recognise him. Every one thought that Thorir had fared no better but even worse than at

There was dwelling at Eyjardalsa in Bardardal a priest named Steinn, a good farmer and wealthy. His son

Kjartan was grown up and was now a fine young man. Thorsteinn the White was a man who dwelt at

Sandhaugar to the south of Eyjardalsa; his wife Steinvor was young and of a merry disposition. They had

children who at this time were yet young. Their place was generally thought to be much haunted by trolls.

Two winters before Grettir came North into those parts, Steinvor the mistress of Sandhaugar went as usual to

spend Yule at Eyjardalsa, while her husband stayed at home. Men lay down to sleep in the evening, and in the

night they heard a great noise in the room near the bondi's bed. No one dared to get up to see what was the

matter because there were so few of them. The mistress of the house returned home the next morning, but her

husband had disappeared and no one knew what had become of him. So the next season passed. The

following winter the mistress wanted to go to mass, and told her servant to stay at home; he was very

unwilling but said she should be obeyed. It happened just as before; this time the servant disappeared. People

thought it very strange and found some drops of blood upon the outer door, so they supposed that some evil

spirit must have carried off both the men. The story spread all through the district and came to the ears of

Grettir, who being well accustomed to deal with ghosts and spectres turned his steps to Bardardal and arrived

at Yuleeve at Sandhaugar. He retained his disguise and called himself Gest. The lady of the house saw that

he was enormously tall, and the servants were terribly afraid of him. He asked for hospitality; the mistress

told him that food was ready for him but that he must see after himself. He said he would, and added: "I will

Then she said: "I do not want to remain at home, but I cannot get across the river."

"I will come with you," said Gest. Then she made ready to go to mass with her little daughter. It was thawing

outside; the river was flooded and was covered with ice. She said: "It is impossible for either man or horse to

"I don't want to make two journeys of it," said he; "I will carry you in my arms."

She crossed herself and said: "That is impossible; what will you do with the girl?"

"I will find a way," he said, taking them both up and setting the girl on her mother's knee as he bore them

both on his left arm, keeping his right arm free. So he carried them across. They were too frightened to cry

out. The river came up to his breast, and a great piece of ice drove against him, which he pushed off with the

hand that was free. Then the stream became so deep that it broke over his shoulder, but he waded on

vigorously till he reached the other bank and put them on shore. It was nearly dark by the time he got home to

Sandhaugar and called for some food. When he had eaten something he told the servants to go to the other

end of the hall. Then he got some boards and loose logs and laid them across the hall to make a great

barricade so that none of the servants could get across. No one dared to oppose him or to object to anything.

The entrance was in the side wall of the hall under the back gable, and near it was a cross bench upon which

Grettir laid himself, keeping on his clothes, with a light burning in the room. So he lay till into the night.

The mistress reached Eyjardalsa for mass and every one wondered how she had crossed the river. She said

she did not know whether it was a man or a troll who had carried her over. The priest said it was certainly a

man though unlike other men. "Let us keep silence over it; may be that he means to help you in your

We return now to tell of Gest. Towards midnight he heard a loud noise outside, and very soon there walked a

huge trollwife into the room. She carried a trough in one hand and a rather large cutlass in the other. She

looked round the room as she entered, and on seeing Gest lying there she rushed at him; he started up and

attacked her furiously. They fought long together; she was the stronger but he evaded her skilfully.

Everything near them and the panelling of the back wall were broken to pieces. She dragged him through the

hall door out to the porch, where he resisted vigorously. She wanted to drag him out of the house, but before

that was done they had broken up all the fittings of the outer door and borne them away on their shoulders.

Then she strove to get to the river and among the rocks. Gest was terribly fatigued, but there was no choice

but either to brace himself or be dragged down to the rocks. All night long they struggled together, and he

thought he had never met with such a monster for strength. She gripped him so tightly to herself that he could

do nothing with either hand but cling to her waist. When at last they reached a rock by the river he swung the

monster round and got his right hand loose. Then he quickly seized the short sword which he was wearing,

drew it and struck at the troll's right shoulder, cutting off her right arm and releasing himself. She sprang

among the rocks and disappeared in the waterfall. Gest, very stiff and tired, lay long by the rock. At daylight

When the lady of the house came home she found the place rather in disorder. She went to Gest and asked

him what had happened, and why everything was broken to pieces. He told her everything just as it had

happened. She thought it a matter of great moment and asked him who he was. He told her the truth, said that

he wished to see a priest and asked her to send for one. She did so; Steinn came to Sandhaugar and soon

learnt that it was Grettir the son of Asmund who had come there under the name of Gest. The priest asked

him what he thought had become of the men who had disappeared; Grettir said he thought that they must

have gone among the rocks. The priest said he could not believe his word unless he gave some evidence of it.

Grettir said that later it would be known, and the priest went home. Grettir lay many days in his bed and the

lady did all she could for him; thus Yuletide passed. Grettir himself declared that the trollwoman sprang

among the rocks when she was wounded, but the men of Bardardal say that the day dawned upon her while

they were wrestling; that when he cut off her arm she broke, and that she is still standing there on the

mountain in the likeness of a woman. The dwellers in the valley kept Grettir there in hiding.

One day that winter after Yule Grettir went to Eyjardalsa and met the priest, to whom he said: "I see, priest,

that you have little belief in what I say. Now I wish you to come with me to the river and to see what

The priest did so. When they reached the falls they saw a cave up under the rock. The cliff was there so

abrupt that no one could climb it, and nearly ten fathoms down to the water. They had a rope with them. The

Grettir answered: "It is certainly possible; and men of high mettle are those who would feel themselves

The priest said he could do so if he chose. He drove a stake into the ground and laid stones against it.

Grettir now fastened a stone in a loop at the end of the rope, and lowered it from above into the water.

"I don't mean to be bound when I come into the fall," Grettir said. "So my mind tells me."

Then he prepared to go; he had few clothes on and only a short sword; no other arms. He jumped from a rock

and got down to the fall. The priest saw the soles of his feet but after that did not know what had become of

him. Grettir dived beneath the fall. It was very difficult swimming because of the currents, and he had to dive

to the bottom to get behind the fall. There was a rock where he came up, and a great cave under the fall in

front of which the water poured. He went into the cave, where there was a large fire burning and a horrible

great giant most fearful to behold sitting before it. On Grettir entering the giant sprang up, seized a pike and

struck at him, for he could both strike and thrust with it. It had a wooden shaft and was of the kind called

"heptisax." Grettir struck back with his sword and cut through the shaft. Then the giant tried to reach up

backwards to a sword which was hanging in the cave, and at that moment Grettir struck at him and cut open

his lower breast and stomach so that all his entrails fell out into the river and floated down the stream. The

priest who was sitting by the rope saw some debris being carried down all covered with blood and lost his

head, making sure that Grettir was killed. He left the rope and ran off home, where he arrived in the evening

and told them for certain that Grettir was dead, and said it was a great misfortune to them to have lost such a

Grettir struck few more blows at the giant before he was dead. He then entered the cave, kindled a light and

explored. It is not told how much treasure he found there, but there is supposed to have been some. He stayed

there till late into the night and found the bones of two men, which he carried away in a skin. Then he came

out of the cave, swam to the rope and shook it, thinking the priest was there; finding him gone he had to

swarm up the rope and so reached the top. He went home to Eyjardalsa and carried the skin with the bones in

it into the vestibule of the church together with a runestaff, upon which were most beautifully carved the

There too it was told how Grettir had brought the bones from the cave. The priest when he came to the church

on the next morning found the staff and all that was with it and read the runes. Grettir had then returned home

When the priest met Grettir again he asked him to say exactly what bad happened, and Grettir told him all

about where he had been. He said that the priest had held the rope very faithlessly, and the priest admitted

that it was true. Men felt no doubt that these monsters were responsible for the disappearance of the men in

the valley, nor was there any haunting or ghostwalking there afterwards; Grettir had evidently cleared the

land of them. The bones were buried by the priest in the churchyard. Grettir stayed the winter in Bardardal,

Thorir of Gard heard rumours of Grettir being in Bardardal and set some men on to take his life. Men

thereupon advised him to depart, and he went into the West to Modruvellir, where he met Gudmund the

Mighty and asked him for protection. Gudmund said it would not be convenient for him to take him in.

"You must," he said, "find a place to settle in where you need be in no fear for your life."

"There is an island," Gudmund said, "in Skagafjord, called Drangey. It is excellent for defence; no one can

get up to it without a ladder. If once you can reach it there is no chance of any one attacking you there with

"That shall be tried," said Grettir. "But I am in such dread of the dark that even for the sake of my life I

"It may be that it is so," said Gudmund; "but trust no man so well that you trust not yourself better. Many are

Grettir thanked him for his excellent advice and departed from Modruvellir. He went on straight to Bjarg,

where his mother and Illugi greeted him joyfully. He stayed there several days and heard of Thorsteinn

Kuggason having been slain in the autumn before he went to Bardardal. Fate, he thought, was striking hard

against him. Then he rode South to Holtavarda Heath, intending to revenge the death of Hallmund if he could

meet with Grim. On reaching Nordrardal he learnt that Grim had left two or three years before, as has already

been related. Grettir had not received news of it because he had been in hiding there for two years and a third

in Thorisdal and had met no one to tell him of what had happened. Then he turned his steps towards the

Breidafjord valleys and waylaid those who passed over Brattabrekka. He continued to let his hands sweep

When the summer was passing away, Steinvor at Sandhaugar gave birth to a son who was named Skeggi. He

was at first fathered on Kjartan, the son of Steinn the priest at Eyjardalsa. Skeggi was unlike all his family in

his strength and stature. When he was fifteen years old he was the strongest man in the North, and then they

put him down to Grettir. There seemed a prospect of his growing into something quite extraordinary, but he

After the death of Thorsteinn Kuggason, Snorri the Godi was on bad terms with his son Thorodd and with

Sam the son of Bork the Fat. It is not clearly stated what they had done to displease him except that they had

refused to undertake some important work which he had given them to do; what is known is that Snorri

turned off his son Thorodd and told him not to come back until he had slain some forestman, and so it

remained. Thorodd then went to Dalir. There dwelt at Breidabolstad in Sokkolfsdal a certain widow named

Geirlaug; she kept as her shepherd a grownup youth who had been outlawed for wounding some one.

Thorodd Snorrason heard of this, rode to Breidabolstad and asked where the shepherd was. The woman said

She said: "Such a warrior as you has nothing to gain by killing a miserable creature like him. I will show you

"Up there in the mountains," she said, "is Grettir the son of Asmund; deal with him; that will be more fitting

Thorodd liked the proposal and said he would do it. Then he put spurs to his horse and rode up along the

valleys. On reaching the hills below the Austra river he saw a lightcoloured horse saddled, with a big man in

armour, and at once directed his steps towards them. Grettir hailed him and asked who he was. Thorodd told

"Because," he said, "it is not likely to be very weighty. Are you a son of Snorri the Godi?"

"That is easily done," said Grettir, "but have you not heard that I have not proved a mound of wealth to most

Then he drew his sword and went valiantly for Grettir, who defended himself with his shield but would not

use his weapons against Thorodd. They fought for a time without his being wounded. Grettir then said:

Thorodd struck at him most furiously. Grettir was tired of it, so he took hold of him and set him down next to

himself, saying: "I could do what I liked with you; but I have no fear of your killing me. I am much more

afraid of your greyheaded father, Snorri the Godi, and of his counsels, which have brought many a man to

his knees. You should take up tasks which you are able to accomplish; it is no child's play to fight with me."

When Thorodd saw that there was nothing to be done he quieted down, and then they parted. He rode home

to Tunga and told his father of his encounter witb Grettir. Snorri smiled and said: "Many a man has a high

opinion of himself; but the odds against you were too great. While you were aiming blows at him he was

doing what he pleased with you. But he was wise not to kill you, for it would not have been my purpose to

leave you unavenged. I will now rather use my influence on his side if I ever have to do with his affairs."

Snorri showed his approval of Grettir's action towards Thorodd, for his counsels were always friendly to

Soon after Thorodd left him Grettir rode North to Bjarg and remained there in hiding for a time. His fear of

the dark grew so upon him that he dared go nowhere after dusk. His mother offered to keep him there, but

said she saw that it would not do for him because of the feuds which he had throughout the land. Grettir said

she should not fall into trouble through him, "but," he said, "I can no longer live alone even to save my life."

Illugi his brother was then fifteen years old and was a most goodly young man. He heard what they were

saying. Grettir told his mother what Gudmund the Mighty had advised him to do, and declared he would try

to get to Drangey if he could. Yet, he said, he could not go there unless he could find some faithful man to

stay with him. Then Illugi said: "I will go with you, brother. I know not whether I shall be a support to you,

but I will be faithful to you and will not run from you so long as you stand upright. And I shall know the

Grettir answered: "You are such an one amongst men as I most rejoice in. And if my mother be not against it

Asdis then said: "It has now come to this, that I see two difficulties meeting each other. It is hard for me to

lose Illugi, but I know that so much may be said for Grettir's condition that he will find some way out. And

though it is much for one to bid farewell to both of you, yet I will consent to it if Grettir's lot is bettered

Illugi was pleased at her words, for his heart was set upon going with Grettir. She gave them plenty of money

to take with them and they made ready for their journey. Asdis took them along the road, and before they

parted she said: "Go forth now, my sons twain. Sad will be your death together, nor may any man escape that

which is destined for him. I shall see neither of you again; let one fate befall you both. I know not what safety

you seek in Drangey, but there shall your bones be laid, and many will begrudge you your living there.

Beware of treachery; yet shall you be smitten with weapons, for strange are the dreams which I have had.

Guard yourselves against witchcraft, for few things are stronger than the ancient spells."

Thus she spoke and wept much. Grettir said: "Weep not, my mother. It shall be said that you had sons and not

Then they parted. The two travelled North through the districts and visited their kinsmen while the autumn

passed into winter. Then they turned their steps to Skagafjord, then North to Vatnsskard on to Reykjaskard

below Saemundarhlid to Langholt, reaching Glaumbaer as the day was waning. Grettir had slung his hat over

his shoulder; so he always went when out of doors whether the weather was good or bad. Thence they

continued their journey, and when they had gone a short way they met a man with a big head, tall and thin

and ill clad. He greeted them and each asked the other's name. They told theirs and he said his name was

Thorbjorn. He was a vagrant, had no mind to work and swaggered much. It was the habit of some to make

game of him or fool him. He became very familiar and told them much gossip about the district and the

people therein. Grettir was much amused. He asked whether they did not want a man to work for them and

said he would much like to go with them. So much he got from his talk that they let him join them. It was

very cold and there was a driving snowstorm. As the man was so fussy and talkative they gave him a

"The people in Glaumbaer," he said, "were much exercised about your going without a hat in this weather,

and wanted to know whether you were any the braver for being proof against the cold. There were two sons

of bondis there, men of great distinction; the shepherd told them to come out and mind the sheep with him,

Grettir said: "I saw a young man inside the door putting on his mittens, and another going between the

Then they went on to Reynines and stayed the night there; then to the seashore to a farm called Reykir

where a man, a good farmer, named Thorvald, lived. Grettir asked him for shelter and told him of his

intention of going to Drangey. The bondi said that men of Skagafjord would not think his a very friendly visit

and drew back. Then Grettir took the purse of money which his mother had given him and gave it to the

bondi. The man's brows unbent when he saw the money and he told three of his servants to take them out in

the night by the moonlight. From Reykir is the shortest distance to the island, about one seamile.

When they reached the island Grettir thought it looked quite pleasant; it was all overgrown with grass and

had steep cliffs down to the sea so that no one could get on to it except where the ladders were. If the upper

ladder was pulled up it was impossible for any one to get on to the island. There was also a large crag full of

sea birds in the summer, and there were eighty sheep in the island belonging to the bondis, mostly rams and

There Grettir quietly settled down. He had been fifteen or sixteen years an outlaw, so Sturla the son of Thord

Hjalti lived at Hof in Hjaltadal, the son of Thord, the son of Hjalti, the son of Thord Skalp. He was a great

chief, very distinguished and very popular. His brother was named Thorbjorn Angle, a big man, strong and

hardy and rather quarrelsome. Thord their father had married in his old age, and his then wife was not the

mother of these two. She was very much against her stepsons, especially Thorbjorn, because he was

intractable and headstrong. One day when he was playing at "tables", his stepmother came up and saw that he

was playing at "hnettafl"; they played with big peg pieces. She considered that very lazy of him and spoke

some words to which he answered hastily. She took up the piece and struck him on the cheek bone with the

peg, and it glanced into his eye which hung down on his cheek. He started up and handled her mercilessly so

that she was confined to her bed and soon afterwards died; they say that she was pregnant at the time. After

that he became a regular ruffian. He took over his property and went first to live in Vidvik.

Halldor the son of Thorgeir, the son of Thord of Hofdi, lived at Hof in Hofdastrand. He married Thordis the

daughter of Thord, the sister of Hjalti and Thorbjorn Angle. Halldor was a worthy bondi and wealthy.

Bjorn was the name of a man who lived at Haganes in Fljot, a friend of Halldor of Hof, and the two held

TunguSteinn dwelt at Steinsstadir. He was the son of Bjorn, the son of Ofeig Thinbeard, the son of

CrowHreidar, to whom Eirik of Guddal gave Tunga below Skalamyr. He was a man of renown.

Eirik was the son of HolmgangStarri, the son of Eirik of Guddal, the son of Hroald, the son of Geirmund

All these were men of high rank. Two brothers dwelt at a place called Breida in Slettahlid, both named

All the men now named had a share in Drangey. It is said that the island was owned by no fewer than twenty

men, and none of them would part with his share to the others. The largest share belonged to the sons of

Midwinter was passed, and the bondis prepared to bring in their animals from the island for slaughter. They

When they reached the island they saw men on it moving about. They thought it very strange, but supposed

that some one had been wrecked and had gone on shore there. So they rowed to where the ladders were. The

people on the shore pulled the ladders up. This seemed very strange behaviour and they hailed the men and

asked who they were. Grettir told his name and those of his companions. The bondis asked who had taken

Grettir answered: "He brought me out who took me here, and had hands, and was more my friend than

The bondis said: "Let us take our animals and come to the land with us. You shall have freely whatever you

Grettir said: "That is a good offer; but each of us shall have that which he has got. I may tell you at once that

hence I go not, unless I am dead or dragged away; nor will I let go that which my hands have taken."

The bondis said no more, but thought that most unhappy visitors had come to Drangey. They offered money

and made many fair promises, but Grettir refused them all, and so they had to return home much disgusted,

having accomplished nothing. They told all the people of the district of the wolves who had come into the

island. This had come upon them unawares and nothing could be done. They talked it over that winter but

The time passed on until the spring, when men assembled at the Hegranes Thing. They came in great

numbers from all the districts under its jurisdiction, and stayed there a long time, both palavering and

When Grettir heard that everybody had gone to the Thing he laid a plan with his friends, for he was always

on good terms with those who were nearest to him, and for them he spared nothing which he was able to get.

He said he would go to the land to get supplies and that Illugi and Glaum should remain behind. Illugi

thought it very imprudent but he let Grettir have his way. He told them to guard the ladder well since

everything depended upon that. Then he went to the land and obtained what he wanted. He kept his disguise

wherever he went and no one knew that he had come. He heard of the festivities that were going on at the

Thing and was curious to see them, so he put on some old clothes that were rather shabby and arrived just as

they were going from the Logretta home to their booths. Some of the young men were talking about the

weather, said it was good and fair, and that it would be a good thing to have some games and wrestling; they

thought it a good proposal. So they sat down in front of their booths. The foremost men in the games were the

sons of Thord. Thorbjorn Angle was very uppish and was arranging everything himself for the sports. Every

one had to do as he bade, and he took them each by the shoulders and pushed them into the field. The

wrestling was begun by the less strong ones in pairs, and there was great sport. When most of them had

wrestled except the strongest, there was much talk as to who should tackle the two Thords mentioned above,

and there was no one who would do it. They went round inviting men to wrestle, but the more they asked the

more their invitation was declined. Thorbjorn Angle looked round and saw a big man sitting there, but could

not clearly see his face. He seized hold of him and gave a violent tug, but the man sat still and did not move.

Thorbjorn said: "Nobody has held so firm against me today as you. But who is this fellow?"

"Things may change quickly," he said. "I cannot join in your games for I have no knowledge of them."

Many of them said that they would take it kindly of him if he, a stranger, would play a little with the men. He

asked what they wanted him to do, and they asked him to wrestle with some one. He said he had given up

wrestling, though he once used to take pleasure in it. As he did not directly refuse they pressed him all the

"Well," he said, "if you want to drag me in you must do one thing for me and grant me peace here at the

They all shouted and said they would gladly do that. The man who was foremost in urging that peace should

be given was one Haf the son of Thorarin, the son of Haf, the son of Thord Knapp, who had settled in the

land between Stifla in Fljot and Tungua. He lived at Knappsstad and was a man of many words. He spoke in

"Hereby do I declare PEACE between all men, in particular between this man here seated who is named Gest

and all Godord's men, full bondis, all men of war and bearers of arms, all other men of this district of the

Hegranes Thing whencesoever they have come, both named and unnamed. I declare PEACE and full

Immunity in behoof of this newcomer to us unknown, Gest yclept, for the practice of games, wrestling and all

kinds of sport, while abiding here, and during his journey home, whether he sail or whether he travel, whether

by land or whether by sea. He shall have PEACE in all places, named and unnamed, for such time as he

needeth to reach his home in safety, by our faith confirmed. And I establish this PEACE on the part of

ourselves and of our kinsmen, our friends and belongings, alike of women and of men, bondsmen and thralls,

youths and adults. Be there any trucebreaker who shall violate this PEACE and defile this faith, so be he

rejected of God and expelled from the community of righteous men; be he cast out from Heaven and from the

fellowship of the holy; let him have no part amongst mankind and become an outcast from society. A

vagabond he shall be and a wolf in places where Christians pray and where heathen worship, where fire

burneth, where the earth bringeth forth, where the child lispeth the name of mother, where the mother beareth

a son, where men kindle fire, where the ship saileth, where shields blink, sun shineth, snow lieth, Finn

glideth, firtree groweth, falcon flieth the livelong day and the fair wind bloweth straight under both her

wings, where Heaven rolleth and earth is tilled, where the breezes waft mists to the sea, where corn is sown.

Far shall he dwell from church and Christian men, from the sons of the heathen, from house and cave and

from every home, in the torments of Hel. At PEACE we shall be, in concord together, each with other in

friendly mind, wherever we meet, on mountain or strand, on ship or on snow shoes, on plains or on glaciers,

at sea or on horseback, as friends meet in the water, or brothers by the way, each at PEACE with other, as son

"Our hands we lay together, all and every to hold well the PEACE and the words we have spoken in this our

faith, in the presence of God and of holy men, of all who hear my words and here are present."

Many said that a great word had been spoken. Gest said: "You have declared and spoken well; if you go not

Then he cast off his hood and after that all his upper garments. Each looked at the other and woe spread over

their lips; for they knew that it was Grettir who had come to them, by his excelling all other men in stature

and vigour. All were silent and Haf looked foolish. The men of the district went two and two together, each

blaming the other, and most of all blaming him who had declared the peace. Then Grettir said: "Speak plainly

to me and declare what is in your minds, for I will not sit here long without my clothes. You have more at

They answered little and sat themselves down. The sons of Thord and their brotherinlaw Halldor then

talked together. Some wished to uphold the peace and some not. Each nodded to the other. Then Grettir spoke

Then said TunguSteinn: "Think you so, Grettir? Which then will the chieftains do? But true it is that you

excel all men in courage. See you not how they are putting their noses together?"

Then said Hjalti the son of Thord: "It shall not be so; we will hold the peace with you although our minds

have altered. I would not that men should have the example of our having broken the peace which we

ourselves gave and declared. Grettir shall depart unhindered whithersoever he will, and shall have peace till

such time as he reach his home from this journey. And then this truce shall have expired whatever happen

with us." They all thanked him for his speech, and thought he had acted as a chieftain should under such

circumstances. Thorbjorn Angle was silent. Then it was proposed that one or the other of the Thords should

close with Grettir, and he said that they might do as they chose. One of the two brothers Thord then came

forward. Grettir stood upright before him and Thord went for him with all his might, but Grettir never moved

from his place. Then Grettir stretched over across his back and seizing his breeches tripped up his foot and

cast him backwards over his head so that he fell heavily upon his shoulders. Then the people said that both

the brothers should tackle him together, and they did so. There arose a mighty tussle, each in turn having the

advantage, although Grettir always had one of them down. Now one, now the other was brought to his knees

or met with a reverse. So fiercely they gripped that all of them were bruised and bloody. Everybody thought it

splendid sport, and when they ceased thanked them for their wrestling. Those that were sitting near judged

that the two together were no stronger than Grettir alone, although each had the strength of two strong men.

They were so equal that when they strove together neither gained the advantage. Grettir did not stay long at

the Thing. The bondis asked him to give up the island, but this he refused to do, and they accomplished

Grettir returned to Drangey where Illugi rejoiced much at seeing him again. They stayed there in peace and

Grettir told them of his journeys; so the summer passed. All thought the men of Skagafjord had acted most

honourably in upholding their peace, and from this may be seen what trusty men lived in those days, after all

that Grettir had done against them. The less wealthy ones among the bondis began to talk amongst

themselves and say that there was little profit in keeping a small share of the island, and now offered to sell

their holdings to the sons of Thord, but Hjalti said he did not want to buy them. The bondis stipulated that

any one who wanted to buy a share should either kill Grettir or get him away. Thorbjorn Angle said that he

was ready to take the lead, and would spare no pains to attack Grettir if they would pay him for it. Hjalti his

brother resigned to him his share of the island because Thorbjorn was the more violent and was unpopular.

Several other bondis did the same, so that Thorbjorn Angle got a large part of the island at a small price, but

At the end of the summer Thorbjorn Angle went with a boat fully manned to Drangey. Grettir and his party

came forward on the cliff and they talked together. Thorbjorn begged Grettir to do so much for his asking as

to quit the island. Grettir said there was not much hope of that. Thorbjorn said: "It may be that I can give you

some assistance which will make it worth your while to do this. Many of the bondis have now given up the

Grettir said: "Now for the very reason that you have just told me, because you own the greater part of the

island, I am determined never to go hence. We may now divide the cabbage. It is true that I thought it

irksome to have the whole of Skagafjord against me, but now neither need spare the other, since neither is

suffocated with the love of his fellows. You may as well put off your journeys hither, for the matter is settled

Grettir had, it is said, been two years in Drangey, and they had slaughtered nearly all the sheep. One ram, it is

told, they allowed to live; it was grey below and had large horns. They had much sport with it, for it was very

tame and would stand outside and follow them wherever they went. It came to the hut in the evening and

rubbed its horns against the door. They lived very comfortably, having plenty to eat from the birds on the

island and their eggs, nor had they much trouble in gathering wood for fire. Grettir always employed the man

to collect the drift, and there were often logs cast ashore there which he brought home for fuel. The brothers

had no need to work beyond going to the cliffs, which they did whenever they chose. The thrall began to get

very slack at his work; he grumbled much and was less careful than before. It was his duty to mind the fire

every night, and Grettir bade him be very careful of it as they had no boat with them. One night it came to

pass that the fire went out. Grettir was very angry and said it would only be right that Glaum should have a

hiding. The thrall said he had a very poor life of it to have to lie there in exile and be illtreated and beaten if

anything went wrong. Grettir asked Illugi what was to be done, and he said he could think of nothing else but

Grettir said that would be a very doubtful chance to wait for. "I will venture it," he said, "and see whether I

"That is a desperate measure," said Illugi. "We shall be done for if you miscarry."

"I shall not drown in the channel," he said. "I shall trust the thrall less in future since he has failed in a matter

Grettir then prepared for his swim. He wore a cloak of coarse material with breeches and had his fingers

webbed. The weather was fine; he left the island towards the evening. Illugi thought his journey was

hopeless. Grettir had the current with him and it was calm as he swam towards the fjord. He smote the water

bravely and reached Reykjanes after sunset. He went into the settlement at Reykir, bathed in the night in a

warm spring, and then entered the hall, where it was very hot and a little smoky from the fire which had been

burning there all day. He was very tired and slept soundly, lying on right into the day. When it was a little

way on in the morning the servants rose, and the first to enter the room were two women, the maid with the

bondi's daughter. Grettir was asleep, and his clothes had all fallen off on to the floor. They saw a man lying

"As I wish for salvation, sister, here is Grettir the son of Asmund come. He really is large about the upper

part of his body, and is lying bare. But he seems to me unusually small below. It is not at all in keeping with

The bondi's daughter said: "How can you let your tongue run on so? You are more than half a fool! Hold your

"I really cannot be silent, my dear sister," said the maid; "I would not have believed it if any one had told

Then she went up to him to look more closely, and kept running back to the bondi's daughter and laughing.

Grettir heard what she said, sprang up and chased her down the room. When he had caught her he spoke a

Soon afterwards Grettir went to the bondi Thorvald, told him his difficulty and asked him to take him out to

the island again, which he did, lending him a ship and taking him over. Grettir thanked him for his courtesy.

When it became known that Grettir had swum a seamile, every one thought his courage extraordinary both

on sea and on land. The men of Skagafjord blamed Thorbjorn Angle much for not having ridded Drangey of

Grettir, and all wanted their shares back again. That did not suit him and he asked them to have patience.

That summer a ship came to Gonguskardsos, on board of which was a man named Haering. He was a young

man and very active; he could climb any cliff. He went to visit Thorbjorn Angle and stayed there into the

autumn. He pressed Thorbjorn much to take him to Drangey, that he might see whether the cliff was so high

that he could not get up there. Thorbjorn said it should not be for nothing if he succeeded in getting up on to

the island and either killing or wounding Grettir; he made it appear attractive as a task for Haering to

One day they went to Drangey and he put the Easterner ashore in a certain place, telling him not to let himself

be seen if he got to the top. Then they set up the ladder and began a conversation with Grettir's people.

Thorbjorn asked him whether he would not leave the island. He said there was nothing on which he was so

"You have played much with us," said Thorbjorn, "and we do not seem likely to have our revenge, but you

We have now to tell of Haering. He climbed all about on the cliffs and got to the top in a place which no

other man ever reached before or since. On reaching the top he saw the two brothers standing with their backs

turned to him. He hoped in a short time to win money and glory from both. They had no inkling of his being

there, and thought that nobody could get up except where the ladders were. Grettir was occupied with

Thorbjorn's men, and there was no lack of derisive words on both sides. Then Illugi looked round and saw a

man coming towards them, already quite close. He said: "Here is a man coming towards us with his axe in the

air; he has a rather hostile appearance." "You deal with him," said Grettir, "while I look after the ladder."

Illugi then advanced against the Easterner, who on seeing him turned and ran about all over the island. Illugi

chased him to the furthest end of the island; on reaching the edge he leaped down and broke every bone in his

body; thus his life ended. The place where he perished was afterwards called Haering's leap. Illugi returned

"He would not trust me to manage for him," he said. "He broke his neck over the cliff. The bondis may pray

When Angle heard that he told his men to shove off. "I have now been twice to meet Grettir," he said. "I may

come a third time, and if then I return no wiser than I am now, it is likely that they may stay in Drangey, so

far as I am concerned. But methinks Grettir will not be there so long in the future as he has been in the past."

They then returned home and this journey seemed even worse than the one before. Grettir stayed in Drangey

and saw no more of Thorbjorn that winter. Skapti the Lawman died during the winter, whereby Grettir

suffered a great loss, for he had promised to press for a removal of his sentence when he had been twenty

years an outlaw, and the events just related were in the nineteenth year. In the spring died Snorri the Godi,

and much more happened during this winter season which does not belong to our saga.

That summer at the AllThing Grettir's friends spoke much about his outlawry, and some held that his term

was fulfilled when he had completed any portion of the twentieth year. This was disputed by the opposite

party, who declared that he had committed many acts deserving of outlawry since, and that, therefore, his

sentence ought to be all the longer. A new Lawman had been appointed, Steinn the son of Thorgest, the son

of Steinn the Fartraveller, the son of Thorir Autumnmist. The mother of Steinn the Lawman was Arnora,

the daughter of Thord the Yeller. He was a wise man, and was asked for his opinion. He told them to make a

search to find out whether this was the twentieth year of his outlawry, and they did so. Then Thorir of Gard

went to work to put every possible difficulty in the way, and found out that Grettir had spent one year of the

time in Iceland, during which he must be held to have been free of his outlawry. Consequently it had only

The Lawman declared that no man could be outlawed for longer than twenty years in all, even though he

committed an outlaw's acts during that time. But before that he would allow no man to be freed.

Thus the endeavour to remove his sentence broke down for the moment, but there seemed a certainty of his

being freed in the following summer. The men of Skagafjord were little pleased at the prospect of Grettir

being freed, and they told Thorbjorn Angle that he must do one of the two, resign his holding in the island or

kill Grettir. He was in great straits, for he saw no way of killing Grettir, and yet he wanted to keep the island.

He tried everything he could think of to get the better of Grettir by force or by fraud or in any other way that

Thorbjorn Angle had a fostermother named Thurid. She was very old and of little use to mankind, but she

had been very skilled in witchcraft and magic when she was young and the people were heathen. Now she

seemed to have lost it all. Still, although the land was Christian, many sparks of heathendom remained. It was

not forbidden by the law of the land to sacrifice or perform other heathen rites in private; only the one who

performed them openly was sentenced to the minor exile. Now it happened to many as it is said: The hand

turns to its wonted skill, and that which we have learned in youth is always most familiar to us. So Thorbjorn

Angle, baffled in all his plans, turned for help to the quarter where it would have been least looked for most

She replied, "Now it seems to me to have come to this, as the saying is: Many go to the goathouse to get

wool. What would I less than to think myself above the other men of the country, and then to be as nothing

when it comes to the trial? I see not that it fares worse with me than with you, even though I scarce rise from

my bed. If you will have my counsel then I must have my way in all that is done."

He consented, and said that she had long given him counsel for his good. The "double month" of the summer

was now approaching. One fine day the old woman said to Angle: "The weather is now calm and bright; I

will that you go to Drangey and pick a quarrel with Grettir. I will go with you and learn what caution is in his

words. I shall have some surety when I see how far they are prospering, and then I will speak over them such

Angle said: "Let us not go to Drangey. It is always worse in my mind when I leave that place than when I

"Far be that from me, my fostermother. I have said that I will go there a third time, that something may

"You may venture it," she said, "much labour will you have before Grettir is laid in the earth; often your lot

will be doubtful and hard will it go with you before it is finished. And yet you are so bound that somehow

Then Thorbjorn Angle had a tenoared boat manned and went on board with eleven men. The woman was

with them and they rowed out to Drangey. When the brothers saw them coming they came forward to the

ladder and began once more to talk about their case. Thorbjorn said he had come once more to hear their

answer whether Grettir would leave the place. He said he would treat the destruction of his property and

Grettir's stay there as a light thing, provided they parted in peace. Grettir said he had no intention of coming

to any terms about his going away. "I have often told you," he said, "that there is no use in talking to me

about it. You may do whatever you please; I mean to stay here and abide what happens."

Thorbjorn saw that his end would not be gained this time, and said: "I knew very well with what men of Hel I

had to do. It is most likely that some days will pass before I come here again."

The woman was lying in the stern sheets covered up with clothes. Then she began to stir and said:

"These men are brave and unfortunate; there is much difference between you; you offer them good and they

refuse everything. There are few more certain tokens of evil than not to know how to accept the good. Now I

say this of you, Grettir, that you be deprived of health, of all good luck and fortune, of all protection and

counsel, ever the more the longer you live. I wish that your days may be less happy in the future than they

When Grettir heard that he started violently and said: "What fiend is that in the ship with them?"

"Curse the hag!" he said. "I could have thought of nothing worse! Nothing that was ever said startled me

more than her words, and I know that some evil will befall me from her and her spells. She shall have

Then he took up an enormous stone and threw it down into the boat. It fell into the heap of clothes. Thorbjorn

had not thought that any man could throw so far. A loud scream was heard, for the stone had struck her thigh

"Do not blame me for it," said Grettir. "I fear it has been just too little. One old woman would not have been

Thorbjorn then returned home; no greeting passed between them when he left. He spoke to the old woman

and said: "It has happened as I expected. Little credit has the journey to the island brought you. You have

been injured for the rest of your life, and we have no more honour than we had before; we have to endure

She answered: "This is the beginning of their destruction; I say that from this time onwards they will go

downwards. I care not whether I live or not, if I do not have vengeance for the injury they have done me."

"You seem to be in high spirits, fostermother," he said. Then they arrived home. The woman lay in bed for

nearly a month before her leg was set and she was able to walk again. Men laughed much over the journey of

Thorbjorn and the old woman. Little luck had come from the meetings with Grettir, first at the peace

declaration at the Thing, next when Haering was killed, and now the third time when the woman's thigh was

broken, while nothing had been done on their side. Thorbjorn Angle suffered much from their talk.

The autumn passed and but three weeks remained till the winter. The old woman asked to be driven to the

"A small thing only," she said, "yet maybe the signal of greater things to come."

They did as she asked them. When they reached the shore she hobbled on by the sea as if directed to a spot

where lay a great stump of a tree as large as a man could bear on his shoulder. She looked at it and bade them

turn it over before her; the other side looked as if it had been burned and smoothed. She had a small flat

surface cut on its smooth side; then she took a knife, cut runes upon it, reddened them with her blood and

muttered some spells over it. After that she walked backwards against the sun round it, and spoke many

potent words. Then she made them push the tree into the sea, and said it should go to Drangey and that Grettir

should suffer hurt from it. Then she went back to Vidvik. Thorbjorn said he did not know what would come

of it. The woman said he would know more clearly some day. The wind was towards the land up the fjord,

but the woman's stump drifted against the wind, and not more slowly than would have been expected.

Grettir was sitting in Drangey with his companions very comfortably, as has been told. On the day following

that on which the old woman had cast her spells upon the tree they went down from the hill to look for

firewood. When they got to the western side of the island they found a great stump stranded there.

"Here is a fine log for fuel," cried Illugi, "let us carry it home." Grettir gave it a kick with his foot and said:

He pushed it out into the sea and told Illugi to beware of carrying it home, for it was sent for their destruction.

Then they returned to their hut and said nothing about the tree to the thrall. The next day they found the tree

again, nearer to the ladder than on the day before. Grettir put it back into the sea and said he would never

carry it home. That night passed and dirty weather set in with rain, so that they did not care to go out and told

Glaum to fetch fuel. He grumbled very much and declared it was cruel to make him plague himself to death

in every kind of weather. He descended the ladder and found there the woman's log. He thought himself

lucky, laboured home with it to the hut and threw it down with a great noise which Grettir heard.

"Glaum has got something; I must go out and see what it is," he said, and went out, taking his woodcutting

"Let your cutting up of it be no worse than my carrying of it home!" said Glaum.

Grettir was irritated with the thrall; he used his axe with both hands and did not notice what tree it was.

Directly the axe touched the tree it turned flat and glanced off into Grettir's right leg. It entered above his

right knee and pierced to the bone, making a severe wound. Grettir turned to the tree and said: "He who

meant me evil has prevailed; it will not end with this. This is the very log which I twice rejected. Two

disasters have you now brought about, Glaum; first you let our fire go out, and now you have brought in this

Illugi then bound the wound. It bled little; Grettir slept well that night and three days passed without its

paining him. When they opened the bandages the flesh had grown together and the wound was almost healed.

"That would be well," said Grettir; "it has happened strangely however it ends; but my mind tells me

One evening they all went to bed, and about midnight Grettir began to toss about. Illugi asked him why he

was so restless. Grettir said his leg was hurting him and he thought there must be some change in its

appearance. They fetched a light, unbound the wound and found it swollen and blue as coal. It had opened

again and was much worse than at first. He had much pain after that and could not keep quiet, nor would any

Grettir said: "We must be prepared for it. This illness of mine is not for nothing; there is witchcraft in it. The

old woman has meant to punish me for the stone which I threw at her." Illugi said: "I told you that no good

"Now we must be on the watch; Thorbjorn Angle will not leave it to end here. You, Glaum, must in future

guard the ladder every day and pull it up in the evening. Do this trustily, for much depends thereon. If you

Glaum promised most faithfully. The weather now became severe. A northeasterly wind set in and it was

"Are we now to look for men?" said Glaum. "Is any man so anxious to take your life that he will lose his own

for it? This weather is much worse than impossible. Your warlike mood seems to have left you utterly if you

"You will always bear yourself worse than either of us," said Grettir, "whatever happens. But now you must

They drove him out every morning, much to his disgust. The pain of the wound increased, and the whole leg

was swollen; the thigh began to fester both above and below the wound, which spread all round, and Grettir

thought he was likely to die. Illugi sat with him night and day, paying no heed to anything else. They were

Thorbjorn Angle was now at home in Vidvik, much put out at not having been able to overcome Grettir.

When about a week had passed from the day when the old woman had bewitched the log, she came to speak

with Thorbjorn and asked whether he did not mean to visit Grettir. He said there was nothing about which he

"I have no intention of meeting him," she said; "I have sent him my greeting, which I expect he has received.

But I advise you to set off at once and go quickly to see him, otherwise it will not be your fate to overcome

He replied: "I have made so many inglorious journeys there that I am not going again. This weather is reason

"You are indeed without counsel if you see not through these wiles. Now, I will advise you. First go and

collect men; ride to your brotherinlaw Halldor in Hof and get help from him. Is it too wild a thing to

Thorbjorn thought it might be that the woman saw further than he supposed, so he sent through the country

for men. Answer came very quickly that none of those who had given up their shares would do anything to

help him. They said that both the island and the Grettir affair were Thorbjorn's. TunguSteinn gave him two

men, Hjalti his brother three, Eirik in Guddal sent him one. Of his own he had six. These twelve rode out

from Vidvik to Hof, where Halldor invited them to stay and asked their news. Thorbjorn told him everything

fully. Halldor asked who had done it all; he said his fostermother had urged him much.

"I cannot overlook everything," said Thorbjorn; "I am determined that it shall now be brought to an end

"It seems to me," said Halldor, "that you are relying upon something, but I know not whether it is anything

good. If you want to accomplish anything go out to my friend Bjorn in Haganes in Fljot. He has a good boat;

ask him from me to lend it to you, and then you will be able to sail on to Drangey. It seems to me that if you

find Grettir well and hearty your journey will have been in vain. One thing know for certain: do not slay him

in open fight, for there are enough men to avenge him. Do not slay Illugi if you can help it. I fear that my

Halldor then gave him six men; one was named Kar, another Thorleif, the third Brand. The names of the

These eighteen men then went to Fljot, reached Haganes, and gave Halldor's message to Bjorn. He said it was

his duty to do it for Halldor's sake, but that he was under no obligation to Thorbjorn. He said it was an insane

journey to make, and tried hard to dissuade them. They answered that they could not turn back, so they went

down to the sea and launched the boat, which was ready with all her gear in the boathouse. Then they made

ready to sail. All those who were standing on the shore thought it impossible to cross. They hoisted the sail

and the boat was soon under way, far out in the fjord. When they got right out to sea the weather quieted and

was no longer too heavy. In the evening as it was getting dark they reached Drangey.

It has now to be told how Grettir became so ill that he could not stand on his feet. Illugi sat with him and

Glaum had to hold watch. He still continued to object, and said they might think their lives were going to fall

out of them, but there was no reason for it. He went out, but most unwillingly. When he came to the ladder he

said to himself that there was no need to draw it up. He felt very sleepy, lay down and slept all day, and did

not wake until Thorbjorn reached the island. They saw then that the ladder was not drawn up. Thorbjorn said:

"The situation has changed from what it used to be; there are no men moving about, and the ladder is in its

place. It may be that more will come of our journey than we expected at first. Now let us go to the hut and not

let our courage slacken. If they are well we may know for certain that there will be need for each to do his

They went up the ladder, looked round and saw close to the ascent a man lying and snoring aloud. Thorbjorn

recognised Glaum, went up to the rascal and told him to wake up, striking his ear with the hilt of his sword

and saying: "Truly he is in a bad case whose life is entrusted to your keeping."

Glaum looked up and said: "They are going on as usual. Do you think my freedom such a great thing while I

Angle said: "Have you lost your wits? Don't you see that your enemies are upon you and about to kill you

"Do one thing or the other," said Angle; "either be silent this moment and tell me all about your household, or

"That would not be so easy," said Glaum, "for Grettir is sick and nigh to death and Illugi is sitting with him."

Thorbjorn asked about his condition, and what had happened. Then Glaum told him all about Grettir's wound.

Angle laughed and said: "True is the ancient saying that Old friends are the last to break away, and also this,

that It is ill to have a thrall for your friend such a one as you, Glaum! You have shamefully betrayed your

Then the others cast reproaches at him for his villainy; they beat him almost helpless and left him lying there.

"He is knocking rather loud," said Grettir; "most unmercifully." Then the door broke in pieces. Illugi rushed

to his arms and defended the door so that they could not get in. They assailed it long, but could get nothing in

but the points of their spears, all of which Illugi severed from their shafts. Seeing that they could do nothing,

they sprang on to the roof and began to break it in. Then Grettir got on to his feet, seized a spear and thrust it

between the rafters. It struck Kar, Halldor's man from Hof, and went right through him. Angle told them to go

to work warily and be careful of themselves. "We shall only overcome them," he said, "if we act with

Then they laid open the end of one of the timbers and bore upon it until it broke. Grettir was unable to rise

from his knees, but he seized the sword Karsnaut at the moment when they all sprang in from the roof, and a

mighty fray began. Grettir struck with his sword at Vikar, a man of Hjalti the son of Thord, reaching his left

shoulder as he sprang from the roof. It passed across his shoulder, out under his right arm, and cut him right

in two. His body fell in two parts on the top of Grettir and prevented him from recovering his sword as

quickly as he wished, so that Thorbjorn Angle was able to wound him severely between the shoulders. Grettir

Illugi threw his shield before Grettir and defended him so valiantly that all men praised his prowess.

"I guess," said Grettir, "that it was the wicked old woman, your fostermother, who showed you; hers were

They returned to the attack; Illugi defended himself and Grettir courageously, but Grettir was unfit for

fighting, partly from his wounds, partly from his illness. Angle then ordered them to bear Illugi down with

their shields, saying he had never met with his like amongst older men than he. They did so, and pressed

upon him with a wall of armour against which resistance was impossible. They took him prisoner and kept

him. He had wounded most of those who were attacking him and killed three. Then they went for Grettir,

who had fallen forward on his face. There was no resistance in him for he was already dead from his

wounded leg; his thigh was all mortified up to the rectum. Many more wounds they gave him, but little or no

When they thought he was quite dead Angle took hold of his sword, saying he had borne it long enough, but

Grettir's fingers were so tightly locked around the hilt that he could not loosen them. Many tried before they

gave it up, eight of them in turn, but all failed. Angle then said: "Why should we spare a forestman? Lay his

They did so, and he hewed off the hand at the wrist. Then the fingers straightened and were loosed from the

hilt. Angle took his sword in both hands and hewed at Grettir's head. So mighty was the blow that the sword

could not hold against it, and a piece was broken out of the edge. When asked why he spoilt a good weapon,

They said this was unnecessary, as the man was dead before. "I will do more," he said, and struck two or

"Now I know for certain that Grettir is dead; a great man of war have we laid even with the earth. We will

take his head with us, for I have no wish to lose the money which was put upon it. There shall not be any

They said he might do as he pleased, but they felt much disgusted, and thought his conduct contemptible.

Then Angle said to Illugi: "It is a great pity that a man so valiant as you should have committed such a folly

as to cast in your lot with this outlaw and follow his evil ways, at last to die unatoned."

Illugi answered: "When the AllThing is over next summer you shall know who are outlawed. Neither you

nor the woman, your fostermother, shall judge this case, for it is your spells and sorcery that have killed

Grettir, though you bore your iron weapons against him when he was at the door of death. Many a base deed

Angle said: "You speak bravely, but it shall not be so. I will show how I value you by sparing your life if you

will swear by your honour to take no vengeance upon any person who has been with us on this occasion."

"I might have thought of it," he said, "if Grettir had been able to defend himself or if you had killed him in

honourable battle. But now you need not hope that I will try to save my life by becoming a poltroon like you.

I tell you at once that if I live no man shall be more burdensome to you than I. Long will it be before I forget

Then Thorbjorn consulted with his companions whether they should allow Illugi to live. They said he should

decide their doings himself, as he was the leader of the expedition. Angle said he was not going to have a

man threatening his head who would not promise to hold faith. When Illugi knew that they intended to slay

him he laughed and said: "Now you have resolved upon that which was nearest to my heart."

When the day broke they led him to the eastern side of the island and there slew him. All praised his courage,

and said there was no man of his years who was like him. They buried both the brothers in the island, but

took Grettir's head with all weapons and clothes which had any value away with them. His good sword Angle

would not allow to come amongst the spoils for division, but bore it long himself. They took Glaum with

them, still complaining and resisting. The weather had calmed down in the night, and in the morning they

rowed to the mainland. Angle sailed for the most convenient place, and sent the ship on to Bjorn. When they

came near to Osland, Glaum became so obstreperous that they refused to carry him any further and slew him

there where he was, crying as loud as he could until he was killed. Angle went home to Vidvik and

considered that on this journey he had been successful. They laid Grettir's head in salt and put it for the

winter in the outhouse called Grettisbur in Vidvik. Angle was much blamed for this affair when men came

to know that Grettir had been overcome by sorcery. He remained quietly at home till after Yule. Then he

went to seek Thorir in Gard and told him of the slayings, adding that he considered that he had a right to the

Thorir said that he would not deny that he had brought about Grettir's sentence. "I have often suffered wrong

from him; but I would not to take his life have become an evildoer as you have done. I will not pay the

money to you, for you seem to me as one who will be doomed to death for magic and witchcraft."

Angle said: "I think it is much more avarice and meanness on your part than any scruples about the way in

Thorir said there was an easy way of settling it between them; they need only wait for the AllThing and

accept what seemed right to the Lawman. They then parted with nothing but ill feeling between Thorir and

The kinsmen of Grettir and Illugi were deeply grieved when they heard of their death. They held that Angle

had done a dastardly deed in slaying a man at the point of death, and they also accused him of practising

sorcery. They applied to the most learned men, and Angle's case was illspoken of.

Four weeks after the beginning of summer he rode Westwards to Midfjord. When Asdis heard of his being in

the neighbourhood she gathered her men around her. She had many friends, Gamli and Glum, Skeggi, called

Shorthand, and Ospak, who was mentioned before. So much beloved was she that the whole of Midfjord

rose to help her, even those who had once been Grettir's enemies. Chief among these was Thorodd Drapustuf,

Angle reached Bjarg with a following of twenty men, bringing Grettir's head with him. All those who had

promised their support had not yet come in. Angle's party entered the room with the head and set it on the

floor. The mistress of the house was there and several others; no greeting passed between them. Angle spoke

Many said it was small wonder that she had brave sons, so brave was she herself before the insults which she

had received. Ospak was outside and was talking with those of Angle's men who had not gone in. He asked

about the fray, and they all praised Illugi for the defence that he had made. They also told of Grettir's firm

grip on his sword after he was dead, and the men thought it marvellous. Then a number of men were seen

riding from the West; they were the friends of Asdis with Gamli and Skeggi, who had come from Melar.

Angle had intended to have an execution against Illugi and to claim all his property, but when all these men

came up he saw that it would not do. Ospak and Gamli were very forward in wanting to fight with Angle, but

the wiser heads told them to get the advice of their kinsmen Thorvald and other chiefs, and said that the more

men of knowledge occupied themselves with the affair the worse it would be for Angle. Through their

intervention Angle got away and took with him Grettir's head, which he intended to produce at the

AllThing. He rode home thinking that matters were going badly for him, for nearly all the chiefs in the land

That summer Skeggi Shorthand married the daughter of Thorodd Drapustuf, who then took part in the case

Men now rode to the Thing. Angle's party was smaller than he had expected, because the matter had come to

be badly spoken of. Halldor asked whether they were to take Grettir's head with them to the AllThing.

"That is an illadvised thing to do," said Halldor; "there are quite enough men against you as it is, without

They were then on the road, and meant to ride South by Sand, so Angle let him take the head and bury it in a

The Thing was very full. Angle brought forward his case, making the most of his own deeds. He told them

how he had killed the forestman on whose head the highest price had been laid, and he claimed the money.

Thorir replied as before. Then the Lawman was asked for his opinion. He said that he wished to hear whether

any countercharge was made, by which Angle should forfeit the outlaw money; if not, the money offered

for Grettir's head must be paid. Then Thorvald the son of Asgeir asked Short hand to bring the case before

the court, and he declared a first summons against Thorbjorn Angle for witchcraft and sorcery through which

Grettir had met with his death, and a second for having killed a man who was half dead, crimes which he said

There was a great division of parties, but those who supported Thorbjorn were few. It went very unexpectedly

for him, for Thorvald and his soninlaw Isleif held that to do a man to death by sorcery was a crime worthy

of death. Finally, by the counsel of wise men sentence was passed that Thorbjorn was to leave Iceland that

summer and not to return during the lifetime of any of the men concerned in the case on the side of Illugi and

When Thorbjorn saw what his fate was going to be he got away from the Thing, for Grettir's friends were

making preparations to attack him. None of the money that was set upon Grettir's head did he get; Steinn the

Lawman would not allow it because of his dishonourable conduct; nor was any bloodmoney paid for the men

who had fallen on his side in Drangey; they were set off against Illugi, an arrangement, however, with which

Men rode home from the Thing, and all the feuds which had arisen on Grettir's account were now at an end.

Skeggi the son of Gamli, soninlaw of Thorodd Drapustuf and sister's son of Grettir, went North to

Skagafjord with the assistance of Thorvald Asgeirsson and of his soninlaw Isleif, who afterwards became

bishop of Skalaholt. After obtaining the consent of the whole community he took ship and went to Drangey,

where he found the bodies of Grettir and Illugi and brought them to Reykir in Reykjastrand and buried them

in the church. Testimony of Grettir lying there is in the fact that in the days of the Sturlungs, when the church

at Reykir was moved to another place, Grettir's bones were dug up, and were found to be enormously big and

strong. Illugi was buried later on the north side of the church, and Grettir's head was buried in the church at

Asdis remained in Bjarg and was so beloved that no one molested her any more than they did while Grettir

was an outlaw. The property at Bjarg passed after her death to Skeggi Shorthand, who became a great man.

His son was Gamli, the father of Skeggi of Skarfsstad and of Alfdis the mother of Odd the Monk, from whom

Thorbjorn Angle embarked at Gasar with as much of his own property as he was able to get. His lands went

to his brother Hjalti, including Drangey, which Angle gave him. Hjalti became a great chief later on, but is

Angle went to Norway and still made himself very important. He was supposed to have done a great deed of

valour in slaying Grettir, and many who did not know how it really happened honoured him accordingly; but

there were some to whom Grettir's fame was known. He only told so much of the story as tended to his own

glory, but whatever was less creditable to him he omitted. In the autumn his account reached Tunsberg and

came to the ears of Thorsteinn Dromund, who kept very quiet, for he had been told that Angle was a very

doughty man and valiant. He remembered the talk which he had had with Grettir in days long past about his

arms, and obtained news of Angle's movements. They were both in Norway that winter, but Thorbjorn was in

the North and Thorsteinn in Tunsberg, so that they did not see each other. Angle knew, however, that Grettir

had a brother in Norway, and did not feel very secure in a strange country; so he asked advice as to what he

had better do. In those days many of the Norsemen used to go to Mikligard (1) to take service. Thorbjorn

thought it would suit him very well to go there and earn wealth and glory instead of staying in the northern

parts where there were relations of Grettir. So he made ready to leave Norway, embarked, and did not stop

Thorsteinn Dromund was a wealthy man and highly thought of. On hearing of Angle's departure to

Constantinople he handed over his property to his kinsmen and followed him, dogging his movements as he

went, without Angle knowing. He reached Constantinople very soon after Angle, intending at all costs to kill

Both wanted to be received into the Varangian Guards, and their offer was well received directly it was

known that they were Norsemen. At that time Michael Catalactus was king over Constantinople. Thorsteinn

Dromund watched for an opportunity of meeting Angle where he might recognise him, but failed amidst the

crowd, so he kept on the watch, caring little for his own well being and ever thinking how much he had lost.

The next thing that happened was that the Varangians were ordered on field service for the defence of the

country. The custom and the law were that before they marched a review was held for the inspection of their

weapons; this was done on the present occasion. On the day appointed for the review all the Varangians and

all who were marching with them had to appear and show their arms. Thorsteinn and Angle both presented

themselves. Thorbjorn was the first to show his weapons and he presented the sword Grettisnaut. As he

showed it all marvelled and declared that it was indeed a noble weapon, but said it was a bad fault that a piece

was out of the middle of the edge, and they asked how that had come about. Angle said that was a tale worth

"The first thing I must tell you," he said, "is that out in Iceland I slew a hero named Grettir the Strong. He

was a tremendous warrior and so valorous that no one could succeed in killing him until I came. But as I was

destined to be his slayer, I overcame him, although he was many times stronger than I am. I cut off his head

Those who stood by said he must have had a hard skull, and they showed the sword round. From this

Thorsteinn came to know which was Angle, and asked to be shown the sword with the others. Angle

willingly showed it to him, for they were all praising his strength and courage, and he, having no notion of its

being Thorsteinn or any relation of Grettir, thought he would do likewise. Dromund took the sword, at once

raised it aloft and struck a blow at Angle. It came into his head with such force that it penetrated to his jaw

and Thorbjorn fell dead to the ground. Thereupon all the men became silent. The officer of the place put

Thorsteinn under arrest and asked him why he had committed such a breach of discipline in the sanctity of

the Assembly. Thorsteinn said he was a brother of Grettir the Strong and that he had never been able to obtain

his vengeance till that moment. Then many of them stood up for him and said there was much excuse for a

man who had come such a long way to avenge his brother. The elders of the town thought that this might be

true, but as there was no one present to bear out his word they fell back upon their own law, which declared

Judgment was quickly passed upon Thorsteinn, and it was rather hard. He was to sit in a dark chamber in a

dungeon and there await his death unless some one came to pay a ransom for him. When he reached the

dungeon he found a man who had been there a long time and was all but dead from misery. It was both foul

"Most evil," he replied; "no one will help me, for I have no kinsmen to pay a ransom."

"There are many ways out of a difficulty," said Thorsteinn, "let us be happy and do something to cheer

Then he began to sing songs. He was such a singer that it would be hard to find his like, and he spared

nothing. The dungeon was close to the public road and Thorsteinn sang so loud that it resounded from the

walls; the man who before was half dead had much joy therefrom. In this way he sang every evening.

There was a very distinguished lady in that town, the owner of a large establishment, very rich and highly

born. Her name was Spes. Her husband's name was Sigurd; he too was wealthy, but of lower birth than she

was. She had been married to him for his money. There was not much love between them, and the marriage

One evening when Thorsteinn was diverting himself she happened to pass along the street near the dungeon

and heard singing so sweet that she declared she had never heard the like. She was walking with several

retainers, and told them to go in and find out who it was that had such a magnificent voice. They called out

and asked who was there in such close confinement. Thorsteinn told his name. Spes said:

He said he had killed a man and avenged his brother; "but I have no witness to prove it," he said; "so I have

been put here unless some one comes to release me, of which there seems little hope, since I have no relations

"A great loss would it be if you were killed," she said. "Was your brother then a man of such renown, he

Those who understood the song declared that it told of great nobility. When she heard that she asked:

"Indeed I will," he said, "if this companion of mine sitting here is released along with me. If not, we must

"However that may be," he said, "either we both of us come out from here together or neither of us comes

So she went to the Varangians' quarters and asked for the release of Thorsteinn, offering money. They agreed.

With her interest and her wealth she brought it about that both of them were released. Directly Thorsteinn

came out of the dungeon he went to pay his respects to the lady Spes. She welcomed him and kept him there

secretly. From time to time he went campaigning with the Varangians, and was distinguished for his courage

At that time Harald the son of Sigurd (1) was in Constantinople, and Thorsteinn became friendly with him.

Thorsteinn was now a very great personage, for Spes kept him well supplied with money, and they became

very much attached to one another. She was a great admirer of his skill. Her expenses were very great

because she tried to keep up many friends. Her husband noticed a great change in her character and her

behaviour, and especially that she had become very extravagant. Treasures of gold and other property which

were in her keeping disappeared. One day her husband Sigurd spoke with her and said that he was much

surprised at her conduct. "You pay no attention to our affairs," he said, "and squander money in many ways.

You seem as if you were in a dream, and never wish to be where I am. I am certain that something is going

She replied: "I told you as I told my kinsmen when we married that I meant to be my own mistress in all

matters which concern myself; that is why I do not spare your money. Or is there anything more than this that

He said : "I am not without my suspicions that you are keeping some man whom you prefer to me."

"I do not know," she said, "that there would be very much in that; and yet of a surety there is no truth in what

you say. I will not speak with you alone if you bring such improper accusations against me."

He dropped the subject for the time. She and Thorsteinn continued to carry on as before, and were not very

heedful of the talk of evilminded people; they relied upon her wits and her popularity. They were often

One evening when they were sitting in an upper room in which her treasures were kept she asked Thorsteinn

to sing something, and thinking that her husband was as usual sitting at drink she fastened the door. When he

had sung for a time there was a banging at the door, and some one called to them to open it. It was her

husband with a number of his followers. The lady had opened a large chest to show Thorsteinn the treasures.

When she knew who was outside she refused to open the door, and said to Thorsteinn: "Quickly! Jump into

He did so. She locked the chest and sat upon it. Her husband then entered, having forced his way in. She said:

"What are you coming here for with all this uproar? Are there robbers after you?"

He said: "Now it is well that you yourself give proof of what you are. Where is the man who was letting his

"No man is a fool if he keeps silence," she said; "that applies to you. You think yourself very cunning, and

would like to fasten your lies on to me, as in this case. Well, if you have spoken the truth, find the man. He

He was silent and knew not how he could have been deceived. He asked his men whether they had not heard

what he heard, but when they saw that the lady was displeased there was nothing to be got out of them; they

said that one was often mistaken about sounds. He then went away, not doubting that he knew the truth,

though he could not find the man. After that he ceased for some time to pry into his wife's concerns.

On another occasion, much later, Thorsteinn and Spes were sitting in a tiringroom where dresses were kept

which belonged to them, both made up and in the piece. She showed many of the cloths to Thorsteinn and

spread them out. When they were least expecting it her husband came up with a troop of men and broke into

the room. While they were forcing their way in she covered Thorsteinn up with a bundle of clothes and

"Do you again deny," he said, "that there was a man here with you? There are those present here now who

She told him not to be so violent. "You will not fail to catch him now," she said. "Only leave me in peace and

"It is always good to have better proofs than people suppose. It was only to be expected that you would not

find what was not there. Now, my husband, will you admit your folly and free me from this slanderous

"By no means will I free you," he said, "for I know that what I have accused you of is true, and it will cost

After this Thorsteinn remained entirely with the Varangians. Men say that he acted by the advice of Harald

the son of Sigurd, and it is thought that they would not have got out of it as they did if they had not made use

After a time Sigurd gave out that he was about to go abroad on some business. His wife did not try to

dissuade him. When he was gone Thorsteinn came to Spes and they were always together. Her house was

built on the very edge of the sea and there were some of the rooms under which the sea flowed.

Here it was that Spes and Thorsteinn always sat. There was a small trapdoor in the floor, known to no one

Sigurd, it must be told, did not go away, but concealed himself so as to be able to watch his wife's doings.

One evening when they were sitting unconcernedly in the room over the sea and enjoying themselves, in

came her husband with a party of men, taking them by surprise. He had taken some of the men to the window

of the room that they might see whether it was not as he had said. They all said that he had spoken truly, and

that it must have been so too on the former occasions. Then they rushed into the room.

On hearing the noise Spes said to Thorsteinn: "You must go down here whatever it costs. Give me some sign

He promised that he would, and descended through the floor. The lady closed the trapdoor with her foot,

and it fell back into its place so that no one could see any mark of the floor having been touched. Sigurd

entered the room with his men, searched, and of course found nothing. The room was uninhabited and there

was no furniture in it, but only the bare floor and a bed, on which the lady was sitting and twirling her fingers.

She paid little attention to them and seemed as if their business did not concern her. Sigurd thought it

altogether ridiculous and asked his followers if they had not seen the man. They declared that they had seen

The lady said: "Now we may say as the proverb has it: A11 good things are in threes. This is your case,

Sigurd. Three times you have disturbed me, if I remember rightly; and now are you any the wiser than you

"This time I am not alone to tell the story," he said. "For all that you will have to clear yourself, for on no

"It seems," she said, "that you require the very thing which I would myself propose. It will please me well to

show the falsehood of this accusation, which has been so thoroughly aired that I shall be disgraced if I cannot

"At the same time," he said, "you will have to deny that you have expended my money and my property."

She replied: "At the time when I clear myself I will refute all the matters which you brought against me, and

you may consider how it will all end. I mean to go at once, tomorrow morning, before the bishop that he

In the meantime Thorsteinn had swum away from the house and landed at a convenient place, where he got a

firebrand and held it aloft so that it could be seen from the lady's house. She stayed long outside in the

evening and the night, for she was anxious to know whether Thorsteinn had reached the land. When she saw

the light she knew that he had landed, for that was the signal which they had agreed upon.

The next morning Spes proposed to her husband that they should speak with the bishop on their matter. This

he was quite ready to do, so they went before the bishop and Sigurd repeated his accusation. The bishop

asked whether she had ever been accused of misbehaviour before, but nobody had heard of such a thing.

Then he asked upon what evidence this charge was brought against her, and Sigurd produced the men who

had seen her sitting in a room with the door locked and a man with her. Her husband said that this was ground

The bishop said that she might very well purge herself from this accusation if she so desired. She replied that

she desired it very much. "I hope," she said, "that I shall have many women to swear for me on this charge."

The form of the oath which she was to swear was then communicated to her and the day for the compurgation

fixed. She returned home and was quite happy. She and Thorsteinn met and laid their plans.

ENDNOTES: (1) The same Harald who, as King of Norway, would later challenge King Harald I for the

throne of England. He lost at the Battle of Stamford Bridge three weeks before Hastings (A.D. 1066).

The day now arrived when Spes was to make oath. She invited all her friends and relations, and appeared in

the finest clothes that she possessed, with many a fine lady in her train. It was raining heavily and the roads

were flooded; on the way to the church there was a swamp to be passed. When Spes came with her company

to the swamp there was a great crowd on the high road, and a multitude of poor people asking for alms, for all

who knew her thought it a duty to give her a greeting and wish her well because of the kindnesses which they

had often received from her. Amongst these poor people there was a beggar very large of stature and with a

long beard. The women halted at the swamp; being people of high rank they did not like to cross the dirty

slough. The big beggar, seeing that Spes was better dressed than the other ladies, said to her: "Good lady,

have the condescension to allow me to carry you over the swamp. It is the duty of us gaberlunzies to serve

"Nevertheless, it would be a great condescension. I cannot offer you more than I have, and you will prosper

"Know then for a surety," she said, "that if you carry me not properly the skin shall be flayed from your

"Gladly will I venture upon that," he said, and waded out into the stream. She pretended to dislike very much

being carried by him; nevertheless, she got upon his back. He staggered along very slowly, using two

crutches, and when they reached the middle he was reeling in every direction. She told him to pull himself

together. "If you drop me here," she said, "it shall be the worst journey that you ever made."

The poor wretch gathered up all his strength and still went on. By dint of a valiant effort he had all but

reached the shore when he struck his foot against something and fell forwards, projecting her on to the bank

while he himself fell into the mire up to his armpits. There as he lay he put out his hands, not on her clothes,

but on her legs. She sprang up cursing and said she always suffered ill from low vagabonds. "It would only be

right that you should have a good beating," she said, "were I not ashamed to beat such a miserable creature as

He said: "Unequal is the lot of man. I thought to earn some benefit and to receive alms from you, and you

only give me abuse and insult without any reward." And he pretended to be very much disgusted. Many felt

pity for him, but she said he was a very cunning rascal. When they all began to beg for him she took out her

purse, wherein was many a golden penny. She shook out the money, saying: "Take that, fellow! It would not

be right that you should go unpaid for all my scoldings. You are now paid for what you have done."

He gathered up the money and thanked her for her liberality. Spes then went to the church, which was full of

people. Sigurd proceeded with energy and told her to clear herself of the charge which he had brought against

"I pay no heed to your accusation," she said; "but I want to know what man it was whom you pretend to have

seen in the room with me, because there is always some proper man near me; there is nothing to be ashamed

of in that. But this I will swear, that to no man have I given money and that by no man has my body been

defiled excepting by my husband and by that beggar, who put his muddy hands upon my leg today when I

Many then were satisfied and declared that her oath was perfectly good and that she was in no way disgraced

by a man having touched her unwittingly. She said she had to tell the story just as it happened, and then she

swore the oath in the words appointed for her. Many said that she would be observing the saying that:

Nothing should be omitted from an oath. But she replied that wise men would hold that there was no cause

for suspicion. Then her relations began to talk with her and said that it was a great insult to a woman of high

birth that such lies should be told about her and go unpunished, for they said it was an offence punishable

with death if a woman were proved to have been unfaithful to her husband. So Spes asked the bishop to

divorce her from Sigurd, saying that she would not endure the lies which he had told. Her kinsmen supported

her, and with their help her request was granted. Sigurd got little of the property and had to leave the country.

So it happened as usual that the weaker had to bow, nor could he accomplish anything although the right was

on his side. Spes took all the money and was held in high esteem, but when men came to consider her oath

they thought it was not altogether above suspicion, and they concluded that very skilful men had composed

the Latin formula for her. They ferreted out that the beggar who carried her was Thorsteinn Dromund. But

While the affair was being talked about Thorsteinn Dromund remained with the Varangians, where he was

held in such high estimation that his prowess was considered to be beyond that of nearly every man who had

come to them. Especially Harald the son of Sigurd did him honour, and claimed kinship with him; it was

Soon after Sigurd was driven from the country Thorsteinn proposed marriage to Spes; she was quite

agreeable, but referred it to her kinsmen. There were family meetings and all agreed that she herself ought to

decide. Matters were settled between them; their union was most prosperous and they had plenty of money.

Thorsteinn was considered lucky to have got out of his difficulties in such a way. After they had lived

together for two years in Constantinople, Thorsteinn told her that he would like to visit his property once

more in Norway. She said he should do as he pleased, and he then sold his property so as to have some ready

money. They left the country with a good company of followers and sailed all the way to Norway.

Thorsteinn's kinsmen welcomed them both, and soon saw that Spes was both generous and noble;

accordingly she quickly became very popular. They had three children, and remained on their property very

The king of Norway was at that time Magnus the Good. Thorsteinn soon went to meet him, and was well

received because of the fame which he had earned through having avenged Grettir the Strong. Scarcely an

example was known of a man from Iceland having been avenged in Constantinople, excepting Grettir the son

of Asmund. It is said that Thorsteinn entered his bodyguard. Thorsteinn remained nine years in Norway, both

he and his wife being in high honour. After that King Harald the son of Sigurd returned from Constantinople,

and King Magnus gave him the half of Norway. Both kings were together in Norway for a time. After

Magnus's death some who had been his friends were less contented, for he was beloved of all, but Harald was

not easy to get on with, since he was hard and severe. Thorsteinn Dromund then began to grow old, but was

There were many who urged Thorsteinn to visit King Harald and become his man, but he would not. Spes

said to him: "I would not, Thorsteinn, that you go to Harald, for a larger debt remains unpaid to another King,

whereto we must now turn our thoughts. Our youth is now passed; we are both becoming old, and we have

lived more after our desires than after Christian doctrine or regard for righteousness. Now I know that neither

kinsmen nor wealth may pay this debt if we pay it not ourselves. I would therefore that we now change our

way of life and leave the country to betake ourselves to Pafagard.(1) I have hope that so I shall be absolved

Thorsteinn answered: "The matter of which you speak is as well known to me as it is to you. It is right that

you should rule now, and most seemly, since you allowed me to rule when our matter was much less hopeful.

This resolve of theirs took men by surprise. Thorsteinn was then two years past of sixtyfive, but still

vigorous in all that he undertook. He summoned all his kinsmen and connections to him and told them his

plans. The wiser men approved of his resolve, while holding his departure a great misfortune for themselves.

"I wish now to thank you all for the care of my goods which you took while I was absent. Now I ask you to

take over my children along with my property, and to bring them up in your own ways; for I am now come to

such an age that even if I live there is much doubt about whether I shall return. Manage all that I leave behind

The men answered that matters would be more easily managed if his wife remained to look after them.

She answered: "I left my own country and came from Mikligard with Thorsteinn, I bade farewell to my

kinsmen and my possessions, because I wished that one fate should befall us both. And now it has seemed

pleasant to me here, but no desire have I to remain in Norway or in these Northern lands after he has

departed. There has always been goodwill between us and no dissension. Now we must both depart together;

for we ourselves know best about many things which have happened since we first met."

When they had thus dealt with their own condition, Tborsteinn appointed certain impartial men to divide his

property in two parts. Tborsteinn's kinsmen took over the half which was to go to the children, and brought

them up with their father's relations. They became in time men of the utmost valour, and a large posterity in

the Vik is sprung from them. Thorsteinn and Spes divided their share, giving some to the church for the good

of their souls and keeping some for themselves. So they set off for Rome, bearing the good wishes of many

They travelled then the whole way to Rome, and appeared before him who was appointed to hear

confessions. They related truly all that had happened, all the cunning tricks wherewith they had achieved

their union. They submitted with humility to the penances laid upon them, and by reason of their having

voluntarily turned their hearts to desire absolution from their sins, without any pressure from the elders of the

church, their penance was lightened so far as it was possible, and they were gently admonished to arrange

their lives with wisdom for the wellbeing of their souls, and, after receiving absolution in full, to live

Then the lady Spes said: "Now, I think it has gone well; and now we have not suffered only misfortune

together. It may be that foolish men will follow the example of our former lives. Let us now end in such way

that we may be an example to the good. We will come to an agreement with some men skilled in building to

erect for each of us a stone retreat, thus may we atone for all the offences which we have committed against

So Thorsteinn advanced money to stonemasons and such other persons as might be needed, that they might

not be without the means of subsistence. When these works were completed and all matters were settled, a

fitting time was chosen for them to part company with each other, each to live alone, in order more surely to

partake of the eternal life in another world. They remained each in their own retreat, living as long as it

Most men consider Thorsteinn Dromund and Spes to have been most fortunate in escaping from the

difficulties which they had fallen into. None of their children or posterity are mentioned as having come to

Sturla the Lawman has declared that no outlaw was ever so distinguished as Grettir the Strong. For this he

assigns three reasons. First, that he was the cleverest, inasmuch as he was the longest time an outlaw of any

man without ever being captured, so long as he was sound in health. Secondly, that he was the strongest man

in the land of his age, and better able than any other to deal with spectres and goblins. Thirdly, that his death

was avenged in Constantinople, a thing which had never happened to any other Icelander.

Further, he says that Thorsteinn Dromund was a man who had great luck in the latter part of his life.

13. X. OFEIG GRETTIR IS KILLED. VISIT OF ONUND TO AUD THE DEEP-MINDED, page = 14

14. XI. DEATH OF ONUND. DISPUTES BETWEEN THE SONS OF ONUND AND OF EIRIK, page = 14

16. XIII. THORGRIM SETTLES AT BJARG AND MARRIES. HIS SON ASMUND VISITS NORWAY AND MARRIES TWICE, page = 17

27. XXIV. GRETTIR KILLS GUNNAR. HIS FRIENDS RALLY ROUND HIM AND SAVE HIM FROM THE VENGEANCE OF THE JARL, page = 36

28. XXV. EVENTS IN ICELAND. THORGILS MAKSSON ATTACKED BY THE FOSTER- BROTHERS AND SLAIN, page = 37

29. XXVI. THE FEUD WITH THE FOSTER-BROTHERS IS TAKEN UP BY ASMUND AND THORSTEINN KUGGASON, page = 38

31. XXVIII. GRETTIR'S VISIT TO AUDUN IN VIDIDAL; OFFERS HIS SERVICES TO BARDI, page = 40

35. XXXII. THE SPOOK AT THORHALLSSTAD. GLAM THE SHEPHERD KILLED BY A FIEND. HIS GHOST WALKS, page = 45

42. XXXIX. GRETTIR APPEARS BEFORE THE KING AND FAILS TO UNDERGO THE ORDEAL, page = 54

50. XLVII. GRETTIR RETURNS TO BJARG -- SVEINN AND HIS HORSE SADDLE-HEAD , page = 60

53. L. GRETTIR WINTERS WITH THORGILS AT REYKJAHOLAR IN COMPANY WITH THE FOSTER-BROTHERS , page = 64

58. LV. GRETTIR IN THE ARNARVATN HEATH. DEATH OF GRIM THE FOREST-MAN , page = 72

60. LVII. ATTACK ON GRETTIR BY THORIR OF GARD WITH EIGHTY MEN REPULSED WITH THE AID OF HALLMUND , page = 74

61. LVIII. GRETTIR VISITS BJORN THE HITDALE WARRIOR AND TAKES REFUGE IN THE FAGRASKOGAFJALL , page = 75

72. LXIX. GRETTIR'S LAST VISIT TO BJARG AND JOURNEY WITH ILLUGI TO DRANGEY , page = 87

89. LXXXVI. GRETTIR'S DEATH AVENGED BY HIS BROTHER THORSTEINN DROMUND , page = 105