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The Fortunes & Misfortunes of the Famous Moll Flanders...........................................................................1

Who was Born in Newgate, and during a Life of continu'd Variety for Threescore Years, besides her

Childhood, was Twelve Year a Whore, five times a Wife (whereof once to her own Brother), Twelve Year a

Thief, Eight Year a Transported Felon in Virginia, at last grew Rich, liv'd Honest, and dies a Penitent.

The world is so taken up of late with novels and romances, that it will be hard for a private history to be taken

for genuine, where the names and other circumstances of the person are concealed, and on this account we

must be content to leave the reader to pass his own opinion upon the ensuing sheet, and take it just as he

The author is here supposed to be writing her own history, and in the very beginning of her account she gives

the reasons why she thinks fit to conceal her true name, after which there is no occasion to say any more

It is true that the original of this story is put into new words, and the style of the famous lady we here speak

of is a little altered; particularly she is made to tell her own tale in modester words that she told it at first, the

copy which came first to hand having been written in language more like one still in Newgate than one grown

The pen employed in finishing her story, and making it what you now see it to be, has had no little difficulty

to put it into a dress fit to be seen, and to make it speak language fit to be read. When a woman debauched

from her youth, nay, even being the offspring of debauchery and vice, comes to give an account of all her

vicious practices, and even to descend to the particular occasions and circumstances by which she ran through

in threescore years, an author must be hard put to it wrap it up so clean as not to give room, especially for

All possible care, however, has been taken to give no lewd ideas, no immodest turns in the new dressing up

of this story; no, not to the worst parts of her expressions. To this purpose some of the vicious part of her life,

which could not be modestly told, is quite left out, and several other parts are very much shortened. What is

left 'tis hoped will not offend the chastest reader or the modest hearer; and as the best use is made even of the

worst story, the moral 'tis hoped will keep the reader serious, even where the story might incline him to be

otherwise. To give the history of a wicked life repented of, necessarily requires that thewicked part should be

make as wicked as the real history of it will bear, to illustrate and give a beauty to the penitent part, which is

It is suggested there cannot be the same life, the same brightness and beauty, in relating the penitent part as is

in the criminal part. If there is any truth in that suggestion, I must be allowed to say 'tis because there is not

the same taste and relish in the reading, and indeed it is to true that the difference lies not in the real worth of

But as this work is chiefly recommended to those who know how to read it, and how to make the good uses

of it which the story all along recommends to them, so it is to be hoped that such readers will be more leased

with the moral than the fable, with the application than with the relation, and with the end of the writer than

There is in this story abundance of delightful incidents, and all of them usefully applied. There is an

agreeable turn artfully given them in the relating, that naturally instructs the reader, either one way or other.

The first part of her lewd life with the young gentleman at Colchester has so many happy turns given it to

expose the crime, and warn all whose circumstances are adapted to it, of the ruinous end of such things, and

the foolish, thoughtless, and abhorred conduct of both the parties, that it abundantly atones for all the lively

The repentance of her lover at the Bath, and how brought by the just alarm of his fit of sickness to abandon

her; the just caution given there against even the lawful intimacies of the dearest friends, and how unable they

are to preserve the most solemn resolutions of virtue without divine assistance; these are parts which, to a just

discernment, will appear to have more real beauty in them all the amorous chain of story which introduces it.

In a word, as the whole relation is carefully garbled of all the levity and looseness that was in it, so it all

applied, and with the utmost care, to virtuous and religious uses. None can, without being guilty of manifest

The advocates for the stage have, in all ages, made this the great argument to persuade people that their plays

are useful, and that they ought to be allowed in the most civilised and in the most religious government;

namely, that they are applied to virtuous purposes, and that by the most lively representations, they fail not to

recommend virtue and generous principles, and to discourage and expose all sorts of vice and corruption of

manners; and were it true that they did so, and that they constantly adhered to that rule, as the test of their

Throughout the infinite variety of this book, this fundamental is most strictly adhered to; there is not a wicked

action in any part of it, but is first and last rendered unhappy and unfortunate; there is not a superlative villain

brought upon the stage, but either he is brought to an unhappy end, or brought to be a penitent; there is not an

ill thing mentioned but it is condemned, even in the relation, nor a virtuous, just thing but it carries its praise

along with it. What can more exactly answer the rule laid down, to recommend even those representations of

things which have so many other just objections leaving against them? namely, of example, of bad company,

Upon this foundation this book is recommended to the reader as a work from every part of which something

may be learned, and some just and religious inference is drawn, by which the reader will have something of

All the exploits of this lady of fame, in her depredations upon mankind, stand as so many warnings to honest

people to beware of them, intimating to them by what methods innocent people are drawn in, plundered and

robbed, and by consequence how to avoid them. Her robbing a little innocent child, dressed fine by the vanity

of the mother, to go to the dancingschool, is a good memento to such people hereafter, as is likewise her

Her getting a parcel from a harebrained wench at the coaches in St. John Street; her booty made at the fire,

and again at Harwich, all give us excellent warnings in such cases to be more present to ourselves in sudden

Her application to a sober life and industrious management at last in Virginia, with her transported spouse, is

a story fruitful of instruction to all the unfortunate creatures who are obliged to seek their reestablishment

abroad, whether by the misery of transportation or other disaster; letting them know that diligence and

application have their due encouragement, even in the remotest parts of the world, and that no case can be so

low, so despicable, or so empty of prospect, but that an unwearied industry will go a great way to deliver us

from it, will in time raise the meanest creature to appear again the world, and give him a new case for his life.

There are a few of the serious inferences which we are led by the hand to in this book, and these are fully

sufficient to justify any man in recommending it to the world, and much more to justify the publication of it.

There are two of the most beautiful parts still behind, which this story gives some idea of, and lets us into the

parts of them, but they are either of them too long to be brought into the same volume, and indeed are, as I

may call them, whole volumes of themselves, viz.: 1. The life of her governess, as she calls her, who had run

through, it seems, in a few years, all the eminent degrees of a gentlewoman, a whore, and a bawd; a midwife

and a midwifekeeper, as they are called; a pawnbroker, a childtaker, a receiver of thieves, and of thieves'

purchase, that is to say, of stolen goods; and in a word, herself a thief, a breeder up of thieves and the like,

The second is the life of her transported husband, a highwayman, who it seems, lived a twelve years' life of

successful villainy upon the road, and even at last came off so well as to be a volunteer transport, not a

But, as I have said, these are things too long to bring in here, so neither can I make a promise of the coming

We cannot say, indeed, that this history is carried on quite to the end of the life of this famous Moll Flanders,

as she calls herself, for nobody can write their own life to the full end of it, unless they can write it after they

are dead. But her husband's life, being written by a third hand, gives a full account of them both, how long

they lived together in that country, and how they both came to England again, after about eight years, in

which time they were grown very rich, and where she lived, it seems, to be very old, but was not so

extraordinary a penitent as she was at first; it seems only that indeed she always spoke with abhorrence of her

In her last scene, at Maryland and Virginia, many pleasant things happened, which makes that part of her life

very agreeable, but they are not told with the same elegancy as those accounted for by herself; so it is still to

My true name is so well known in the records or registers at Newgate, and in the Old Bailey, and there are

some things of such consequence still depending there, relating to my particular conduct, that it is not be

expected I should set my name or the account of my family to this work; perhaps, after my death, it may be

better known; at present it would not be proper, no not though a general pardon should be issued, even

It is enough to tell you, that as some of my worst comrades, who are out of the way of doing me harm (having

gone out of the world by the steps and the string, as I often expected to go ), knew me by the name of Moll

Flanders, so you may give me leave to speak of myself under that name till I dare own who I have been, as

I have been told that in one of neighbour nations, whether it be in France or where else I know not, they have

an order from the king, that when any criminal is condemned, either to die, or to the galleys, or to be

transported, if they leave any children, as such are generally unprovided for, by the poverty or forfeiture of

their parents, so they are immediately taken into the care of the Government, and put into a hospital called the

House of Orphans, where they are bred up, clothed, fed, taught, and when fit to go out, are placed out to

trades or to services, so as to be well able to provide for themselves by an honest, industrious behaviour.

Had this been the custom in our country, I had not been left a poor desolate girl without friends, without

clothes, without help or helper in the world, as was my fate; and by which I was not only exposed to very

great distresses, even before I was capable either of understanding my case or how to amend it, but brought

into a course of life which was not only scandalous in itself, but which in its ordinary course tended to the

But the case was otherwise here. My mother was convicted of felony for a certain petty theft scarce worth

naming, viz. having an opportunity of borrowing three pieces of fine holland of a certain draper in Cheapside.

The circumstances are too long to repeat, and I have heard them related so many ways, that I can scarce be

However it was, this they all agree in, that my mother pleaded her belly, and being found quick with child,

she was respited for about seven months; in which time having brought me into the world, and being about

again, she was called down, as they term it, to her former judgment, but obtained the favour of being

transported to the plantations, and left me about half a year old; and in bad hands, you may be sure.

This is too near the first hours of my life for me to relate anything of myself but by hearsay; it is enough to

mention, that as I was born in such an unhappy place, I had no parish to have recourse to for my nourishment

in my infancy; nor can I give the least account how I was kept alive, other than that, as I have been told, some

relation of my mother's took me away for a while as a nurse, but at whose expense, or by whose direction, I

The first account that I can recollect, or could ever learn of myself, was that I had wandered among a crew of

those people they call gypsies, or Egyptians; but I believe it was but a very little while that I had been among

them, for I had not had my skin discoloured or blackened, as they do very young to all the children they carry

It was at Colchester, in Essex, that those people left me; and I have a notion in my head that I left them there

(that is, that I hid myself and would not go any farther with them), but I am not able to be particular in that

account; only this I remember, that being taken up by some of the parish officers of Colchester, I gave an

account that I came into the town with the gypsies, but that I would not go any farther with them, and that so

they had left me, but whither they were gone that I knew not, nor could they expect it of me; for though they

I was now in a way to be provided for; for though I was not a parish charge upon this or that part of the town

by law, yet as my case came to be known, and that I was too young to do any work, being not above three

years old, compassion moved the magistrates of the town to order some care to be taken of me, and I became

In the provision they made for me, it was my good hap to be put to nurse, as they call it, to a woman who was

indeed poor but had been in better circumstances, and who got a little livelihood by taking such as I was

supposed to be, and keeping them with all necessaries, till they were at a certain age, in which it might be

This woman had also had a little school, which she kept to teach children to read and to work; and having, as

I have said, lived before that in good fashion, she bred up the children she took with a great deal of art, as

But that which was worth all the rest, she bred them up very religiously, being herself a very sober, pious

woman, very house wifely and clean, and very mannerly, and with good behaviour. So that in a word,

expecting a plain diet, coarse lodging, and mean clothes, we were brought up as mannerly and as genteelly as

I was continued here till I was eight years old, when I was terrified with news that the magistrates (as I think

they called them) had ordered that I should go to service. I was able to do but very little service wherever I

was to go, except it was to run of errands and be a drudge to some cookmaid, and this they told me of often,

which put me into a great fright; for I had a thorough aversion to going to service, as they called it (that is, to

be a servant), though I was so young; and I told my nurse, as we called her, that I believed I could get my

living without going to service, if she pleased to let me; for she had taught me to work with my needle, and

spin worsted, which is the chief trade of that city, and I told her that if she would keep me, I would work for

I talked to her almost every day of working hard; and, in short, I did nothing but work and cry all day, which

grieved the good, kind woman so much, that at last she began to be concerned for me, for she loved me very

One day after this, as she came into the room where all we poor children were at work, she sat down just over

against me, not in her usual place as mistress, but as if she set herself on purpose to observe me and see me

work. I was doing something she had set me to; as I remember, it was marking some shirts which she had

taken to make, and after a while she began to talk to me. 'Thou foolish child,' says she, 'thou art always crying

(for I was crying then); 'prithee, what dost cry for?' 'Because they will take me away,' says I, 'and put me to

service, and I can't work housework.' 'Well, child,' says she, 'but though you can't work housework, as you

call it, you will learn it in time, and they won't put you to hard things at first.' 'Yes, they will,' says I, 'and if I

can't do it they will beat me, and the maids will beat me to make me do great work, and I am but a little girl

and I can't do it'; and then I cried again, till I could not speak any more to her.

This moved my good motherly nurse, so that she from that time resolved I should not go to service yet; so she

bid me not cry, and she would speak to Mr. Mayor, and I should not go to service till I was bigger.

Well, this did not satisfy me, for to think of going to service was such a frightful thing to me, that if she had

assured me I should not have gone till I was twenty years old, it would have been the same to me; I should

have cried, I believe, all the time, with the very apprehension of its being to be so at last.

When she saw that I was not pacified yet, she began to be angry with me. 'And what would you have?' says

she; 'don't I tell you that you shall not go to service till your are bigger?' 'Ay,' said I, 'but then I must go at

last.' 'Why, what?' said she; 'is the girl mad? What would you be a gentlewoman?' 'Yes,' says I, and cried

This set the old gentlewoman alaughing at me, as you may be sure it would. 'Well, madam, forsooth,' says

she, gibing at me, 'you would be a gentlewoman; and pray how will you come to be a gentlewoman? What!

'Alas! poor gentlewoman,' said she again, laughing, 'what will that do for thee?'

'It will keep me,' says I, 'if you will let me live with you.' And this I said in such a poor petitioning tone, that

'But,' says she, 'that will not keep you and buy you clothes too; and who must buy the little gentlewoman

'Poor child! it won't keep you,' says she; 'it will hardly keep you in victuals.'

'Then I will have no victuals,' says I, again very innocently; 'let me but live with you.'

'Yes,' again says I, very much like a child, you may be sure, and still I cried heartily.

I had no policy in all this; you may easily see it was all nature; but it was joined with so much innocence and

so much passion that, in short, it set the good motherly creature aweeping too, and she cried at last as fast as

I did, and then took me and led me out of the teachingroom. 'Come,' says she, 'you shan't go to service; you

Some time after this, she going to wait on the Mayor, and talking of such things as belonged to her business,

at last my story came up, and my good nurse told Mr. Mayor the whole tale. He was so pleased with it, that

he would call his lady and his two daughters to hear it, and it made mirth enough among them, you may be

However, not a week had passed over, but on a sudden comes Mrs. Mayoress and her two daughters to the

house to see my old nurse, and to see her school and the children. When they had looked about them a little,

'Well, Mrs.,' says the Mayoress to my nurse, 'and pray which is the little lass that intends to be a

gentlewoman?' I heard her, and I was terribly frighted at first, though I did not know why neither; but Mrs.

Mayoress comes up to me. 'Well, miss,' says she, 'and what are you at work upon?' The word miss was a

language that had hardly been heard of in our school, and I wondered what sad name it was she called me.

However, I stood up, made a curtsy, and she took my work out of my hand, looked on it, and said it was very

well; then she took up one of the hands. 'Nay,' says she, 'the child may come to be a gentlewoman for aught

anybody knows; she has a gentlewoman's hand,' says she. This pleased me mightily, you may be sure; but

Mrs. Mayoress did not stop there, but giving me my work again, she put her hand in her pocket, gave me a

shilling, and bid me mind my work, and learn to work well, and I might be a gentlewoman for aught she

Now all this while my good old nurse, Mrs. Mayoress, and all the rest of them did not understand me at all,

for they meant one sort of thing by the word gentlewoman, and I meant quite another; for alas! all I

understood by being a gentlewoman was to be able to work for myself, and get enough to keep me without

that terrible bugbear going to service, whereas they meant to live great, rich and high, and I know not what.

Well, after Mrs. Mayoress was gone, her two daughters came in, and they called for the gentlewoman too,

and they talked a long while to me, and I answered them in my innocent way; but always, if they asked me

whether I resolved to be a gentlewoman, I answered Yes. At last one of them asked me what a gentlewoman

was? That puzzled me much; but, however, I explained myself negatively, that it was one that did not go to

service, to do housework. They were pleased to be familiar with me, and like my little prattle to them, which,

As for my money, I gave it all to my mistressnurse, as I called her, and told her she should have all I got for

myself when I was a gentlewoman, as well as now. By this and some other of my talk, my old tutoress began

to understand me about what I meant by being a gentlewoman, and that I understood by it no more than to be

able to get my bread by my own work; and at last she asked me whether it was not so.

I told her, yes, and insisted on it, that to do so was to be a gentlewoman; 'for,' says I, 'there is such a one,'

naming a woman that mended lace and washed the ladies' lacedheads; 'she,' says I, 'is a gentlewoman, and

"Poor child,' says my good old nurse, 'you may soon be such a gentlewoman as that, for she is a person of ill

I did not understand anything of that; but I answered, 'I am sure they call her madam, and she does not go to

service nor do housework'; and therefore I insisted that she was a gentlewoman, and I would be such a

The ladies were told all this again, to be sure, and they made themselves merry with it, and every now and

then the young ladies, Mr. Mayor's daughters, would come and see me, and ask where the little gentlewoman

This held a great while, and I was often visited by these young ladies, and sometimes they brought others

I was now about ten years old, and began to look a little womanish, for I was mighty grave and humble, very

mannerly, and as I had often heard the ladies say I was pretty, and would be a very handsome woman, so you

may be sure that hearing them say so made me not a little proud. However, that pride had no ill effect upon

me yet; only, as they often gave me money, and I gave it to my old nurse, she, honest woman, was so just to

me as to lay it all out again for me, and gave me headdresses, and linen, and gloves, and ribbons, and I went

very neat, and always clean; for that I would do, and if I had rags on, I would always be clean, or else I would

dabble them in water myself; but, I say, my good nurse, when I had money given me, very honestly laid it out

for me, and would always tell the ladies this or that was bought with their money; and this made them

oftentimes give me more, till at last I was indeed called upon by the magistrates, as I understood it, to go out

to service; but then I was come to be so good a workwoman myself, and the ladies were so kind to me, that it

was plain I could maintain myselfthat is to say, I could earn as much for my nurse as she was able by it to

keep meso she told them that if they would give her leave, she would keep the gentlewoman, as she called

me, to be her assistant and teach the children, which I was very well able to do; for I was very nimble at my

But the kindness of the ladies of the town did not end here, for when they came to understand that I was no

more maintained by the public allowance as before, they gave me money oftener than formerly; and as I grew

up they brought me work to do for them, such as linen to make, and laces to mend, and heads to dress up, and

not only paid me for doing them, but even taught me how to do them; so that now I was a gentlewoman

indeed, as I understood that word, I not only found myself clothes and paid my nurse for my keeping, but got

The ladies also gave me clothes frequently of their own or their children's; some stockings, some petticoats,

some gowns, some one thing, some another, and these my old woman managed for me like a mere mother,

and kept them for me, obliged me to mend them, and turn them and twist them to the best advantage, for she

At last one of the ladies took so much fancy to me that she would have me home to her house, for a month,

Now, though this was exceeding kind in her, yet, as my old good woman said to her, unless she resolved to

keep me for good and all, she would do the little gentlewoman more harm than good. 'Well,' says the lady,

'that's true; and therefore I'll only take her home for a week, then, that I may see how my daughters and she

agree together, and how I like her temper, and then I'll tell you more; and in the meantime, if anybody comes

to see her as they used to do, you may only tell them you have sent her out to my house.'

This was prudently managed enough, and I went to the lady's house; but I was so pleased there with the

young ladies, and they so pleased with me, that I had enough to do to come away, and they were as unwilling

However, I did come away, and lived almost a year more with my honest old woman, and began now to be

very helpful to her; for I was almost fourteen years old, was tall of my age, and looked a little womanish; but

I had such a taste of genteel living at the lady's house that I was not so easy in my old quarters as I used to be,

and I thought it was fine to be a gentlewoman indeed, for I had quite other notions of a gentlewoman now

than I had before; and as I thought, I say, that it was fine to be a gentlewoman, so I loved to be among

About the time that I was fourteen years and a quarter old, my good nurse, mother I rather to call her, fell sick

and died. I was then in a sad condition indeed, for as there is no great bustle in putting an end to a poor body's

family when once they are carried to the grave, so the poor good woman being buried, the parish children she

kept were immediately removed by the churchwardens; the school was at an end, and the children of it had

no more to do but just stay at home till they were sent somewhere else; and as for what she left, her daughter,

a married woman with six or seven children, came and swept it all away at once, and removing the goods,

they had no more to say to me than to jest with me, and tell me that the little gentlewoman might set up for

I was frighted out of my wits almost, and knew not what to do, for I was, as it were, turned out of doors to the

wide world, and that which was still worse, the old honest woman had twoandtwenty shillings of mine in

her hand, which was all the estate the little gentlewoman had in the world; and when I asked the daughter for

It was true the good, poor woman had told her daughter of it, and that it lay in such a place, that it was the

child's money, and had called once or twice for me to give it me, but I was, unhappily, out of the way

somewhere or other, and when I came back she was past being in a condition to speak of it. However, the

daughter was so honest afterwards as to give it me, though at first she used me cruelly about it.

Now was I a poor gentlewoman indeed, and I was just that very night to be turned into the wide world; for the

daughter removed all the goods, and I had not so much as a lodging to go to, or a bit of bread to eat. But it

seems some of the neighbours, who had known my circumstances, took so much compassion of me as to

acquaint the lady in whose family I had been a week, as I mentioned above; and immediately she sent her

maid to fetch me away, and two of her daughters came with the maid though unsent. So I went with them,

bag and baggage, and with a glad heart, you may be sure. The fright of my condition had made such an

impression upon me, that I did not want now to be a gentlewoman, but was very willing to be a servant, and

But my new generous mistress, for she exceeded the good woman I was with before, in everything, as well as

in the matter of estate; I say, in everything except honesty; and for that, though this was a lady most exactly

just, yet I must not forget to say on all occasions, that the first, though poor, was as uprightly honest as it was

I was no sooner carried away, as I have said, by this good gentlewoman, but the first lady, that is to say, the

Mayoress that was, sent her two daughters to take care of me; and another family which had taken notice of

me when I was the little gentlewoman, and had given me work to do, sent for me after her, so that I was

mightily made of, as we say; nay, and they were not a little angry, especially madam the Mayoress, that her

friend had taken me away from her, as she called it; for, as she said, I was hers by right, she having been the

first that took any notice of me. But they that had me would not part with me; and as for me, though I should

have been very well treated with any of the others, yet I could not be better than where I was.

Here I continued till I was between seventeen and eighteen years old, and here I had all the advantages for my

education that could be imagined; the lady had masters home to the house to teach her daughters to dance,

and to speak French, and to write, and other to teach them music; and I was always with them, I learned as

fast as they; and though the masters were not appointed to teach me, yet I learned by imitation and inquiry all

that they learned by instruction and direction; so that, in short, I learned to dance and speak French as well as

any of them, and to sing much better, for I had a better voice than any of them. I could not so readily come at

playing on the harpsichord or spinet, because I had no instrument of my own to practice on, and could only

come at theirs in the intervals when they left it, which was uncertain; but yet I learned tolerably well too, and

the young ladies at length got two instruments, that is to say, a harpsichord and a spinet too, and then they

taught me themselves. But as to dancing, they could hardly help my learning countrydances, because they

always wanted me to make up even number; and, on the other hand, they were as heartily willing to learn me

everything that they had been taught themselves, as I could be to take the learning.

By this means I had, as I have said above, all the advantages of education that I could have had if I had been

as much a gentlewoman as they were with whom I lived; and in some things I had the advantage of my

ladies, though they were my superiors; but they were all the gifts of nature, and which all their fortunes could

not furnish. First, I was apparently handsomer than any of them; secondly, I was better shaped; and, thirdly, I

sang better, by which I mean I had a better voice; in all which you will, I hope, allow me to say, I do not

I had with all these the common vanity of my sex, viz. that being really taken for very handsome, or, if you

please, for a great beauty, I very well knew it, and had as good an opinion of myself as anybody else could

have of me; and particularly I loved to hear anybody speak of it, which could not but happen to me

Thus far I have had a smooth story to tell of myself, and in all this part of my life I not only had the

reputation of living in a very good family, and a family noted and respected everywhere for virtue and

sobriety, and for every valuable thing; but I had the character too of a very sober, modest, and virtuous young

woman, and such I had always been; neither had I yet any occasion to think of anything else, or to know what

But that which I was too vain of was my ruin, or rather my vanity was the cause of it. The lady in the house

where I was had two sons, young gentlemen of very promising parts and of extraordinary behaviour, and it

was my misfortune to be very well with them both, but they managed themselves with me in a quite different

The eldest, a gay gentleman that knew the town as well as the country, and though he had levity enough to do

an illnatured thing, yet had too much judgment of things to pay too dear for his pleasures; he began with the

unhappy snare to all women, viz. taking notice upon all occasions how pretty I was, as he called it, how

agreeable, how wellcarriaged, and the like; and this he contrived so subtly, as if he had known as well how

to catch a woman in his net as a partridge when he went asetting; for he would contrive to be talking this to

his sisters when, though I was not by, yet when he knew I was not far off but that I should be sure to hear

him. His sisters would return softly to him, 'Hush, brother, she will hear you; she is but in the next room.'

Then he would put it off and talk softlier, as if he had not know it, and begin to acknowledge he was wrong;

and then, as if he had forgot himself, he would speak aloud again, and I, that was so well pleased to hear it,

After he had thus baited his hook, and found easily enough the method how to lay it in my way, he played an

opener game; and one day, going by his sister's chamber when I was there, doing something about dressing

her, he comes in with an air of gaiety. 'Oh, Mrs. Betty,' said he to me, 'how do you do, Mrs. Betty? Don't your

cheeks burn, Mrs. Betty?' I made a curtsy and blushed, but said nothing. 'What makes you talk so, brother?'

says the lady. 'Why,' says he, 'we have been talking of her belowstairs this halfhour.' 'Well,' says his sister,

'you can say no harm of her, that I am sure, so 'tis no matter what you have been talking about.' 'Nay,' says he,

''tis so far from talking harm of her, that we have been talking a great deal of good, and a great many fine

things have been said of Mrs. Betty, I assure you; and particularly, that she is the handsomest young woman

'I wonder at you, brother,' says the sister. Betty wants but one thing, but she had as good want everything, for

the market is against our sex just now; and if a young woman have beauty, birth, breeding, wit, sense,

manners, modesty, and all these to an extreme, yet if she have not money, she's nobody, she had as good want

them all for nothing but money now recommends a woman; the men play the game all into their own hands.'

Her younger brother, who was by, cried, 'Hold, sister, you run too fast; I am an exception to your rule. I

assure you, if I find a woman so accomplished as you talk of, I say, I assure you, I would not trouble myself

'Oh,' says the sister, 'but you will take care not to fancy one, then, without the money.'

'But why, sister,' says the elder brother, 'why do you exclaim so at the men for aiming so much at the fortune?

'I understand you, brother,' replies the lady very smartly; 'you suppose I have the money, and want the beauty;

but as times go now, the first will do without the last, so I have the better of my neighbours.'

'Well,' says the younger brother, 'but your neighbours, as you call them, may be even with you, for beauty

will steal a husband sometimes in spite of money, and when the maid chances to be handsomer than the

mistress, she oftentimes makes as good a market, and rides in a coach before her.'

I thought it was time for me to withdraw and leave them, and I did so, but not so far but that I heard all their

discourse, in which I heard abundance of the fine things said of myself, which served to prompt my vanity,

but, as I soon found, was not the way to increase my interest in the family, for the sister and the younger

brother fell grievously out about it; and as he said some very disobliging things to her upon my account, so I

could easily see that she resented them by her future conduct to me, which indeed was very unjust to me, for I

had never had the least thought of what she suspected as to her younger brother; indeed, the elder brother, in

his distant, remote way, had said a great many things as in jest, which I had the folly to believe were in

earnest, or to flatter myself with the hopes of what I ought to have supposed he never intended, and perhaps

It happened one day that he came running upstairs, towards the room where his sisters used to sit and work,

as he often used to do; and calling to them before he came in, as was his way too, I, being there alone,

stepped to the door, and said, 'Sir, the ladies are not here, they are walked down the garden.' As I stepped

forward to say this, towards the door, he was just got to the door, and clasping me in his arms, as if it had

been by chance, 'Oh, Mrs. Betty,' says he, 'are you here? That's better still; I want to speak with you more

than I do with them'; and then, having me in his arms, he kissed me three or four times.

I struggled to get away, and yet did it but faintly neither, and he held me fast, and still kissed me, till he was

almost out of breath, and then, sitting down, says, 'Dear Betty, I am in love with you.'

His words, I must confess, fired my blood; all my spirits flew about my heart and put me into disorder

enough, which he might easily have seen in my face. He repeated it afterwards several times, that he was in

love with me, and my heart spoke as plain as a voice, that I liked it; nay, whenever he said, 'I am in love with

However, nothing else passed at that time; it was but a surprise, and when he was gone I soon recovered

myself again. He had stayed longer with me, but he happened to look out at the window and see his sisters

coming up the garden, so he took his leave, kissed me again, told me he was very serious, and I should hear

more of him very quickly, and away he went, leaving me infinitely pleased, though surprised; and had there

not been one misfortune in it, I had been in the right, but the mistake lay here, that Mrs. Betty was in earnest

From this time my head ran upon strange things, and I may truly say I was not myself; to have such a

gentleman talk to me of being in love with me, and of my being such a charming creature, as he told me I

was; these were things I knew not how to bear, my vanity was elevated to the last degree. It is true I had my

head full of pride, but, knowing nothing of the wickedness of the times, I had not one thought of my own

safety or of my virtue about me; and had my young master offered it at first sight, he might have taken any

liberty he thought fit with me; but he did not see his advantage, which was my happiness for that time.

After this attack it was not long but he found an opportunity to catch me again, and almost in the same

posture; indeed, it had more of design in it on his part, though not on my part. It was thus: the young ladies

were all gone avisiting with their mother; his brother was out of town; and as for his father, he had been in

London for a week before. He had so well watched me that he knew where I was, though I did not so much as

know that he was in the house; and he briskly comes up the stairs and, seeing me at work, comes into the

room to me directly, and began just as he did before, with taking me in his arms, and kissing me for almost a

It was his younger sister's chamber that I was in, and as there was nobody in the house but the maids

belowstairs, he was, it may be, the ruder; in short, he began to be in earnest with me indeed. Perhaps he

found me a little too easy, for God knows I made no resistance to him while he only held me in his arms and

However, as it were, tired with that kind of work, we sat down, and there he talked with me a great while; he

said he was charmed with me, and that he could not rest night or day till he had told me how he was in love

with me, and, if I was able to love him again, and would make him happy, I should be the saving of his life,

and many such fine things. I said little to him again, but easily discovered that I was a fool, and that I did not

Then he walked about the room, and taking me by the hand, I walked with him; and by and by, taking his

advantage, he threw me down upon the bed, and kissed me there most violently; but, to give him his due,

offered no manner of rudeness to me, only kissed a great while. After this he thought he had heard somebody

come upstairs, so got off from the bed, lifted me up, professing a great deal of love for me, but told me it was

all an honest affection, and that he meant no ill to me; and with that he put five guineas into my hand, and

I was more confounded with the money than I was before with the love, and began to be so elevated that I

scarce knew the ground I stood on. I am the more particular in this part, that if my story comes to be read by

any innocent young body, they may learn from it to guard themselves against the mischiefs which attend an

early knowledge of their own beauty. If a young woman once thinks herself handsome, she never doubts the

truth of any man that tells her he is in love with her; for if she believes herself charming enough to captivate

This young gentleman had fired his inclination as much as he had my vanity, and, as if he had found that he

had an opportunity and was sorry he did not take hold of it, he comes up again in half an hour or thereabouts,

and falls to work with me again as before, only with a little less introduction.

And first, when he entered the room, he turned about and shut the door. 'Mrs. Betty,' said he, 'I fancied before

somebody was coming upstairs, but it was not so; however,' adds he, 'if they find me in the room with you,

they shan't catch me akissing of you.' I told him I did not know who should be coming upstairs, for I

believed there was nobody in the house but the cook and the other maid, and they never came up those stairs.

'Well, my dear,' says he, ''tis good to be sure, however'; and so he sits down, and we began to talk. And now,

though I was still all on fire with his first visit, and said little, he did as it were put words in my mouth, telling

me how passionately he loved me, and that though he could not mention such a thing till he came to this

estate, yet he was resolved to make me happy then, and himself too; that is to say, to marry me, and

abundance of such fine things, which I, poor fool, did not understand the drift of, but acted as if there was no

such thing as any kind of love but that which tended tomatrimony; and if he had spoke of that, I had no room,

We had not sat long, but he got up, and, stopping my very breath with kisses, threw me upon the bed again;

but then being both well warmed, he went farther with me than decency permits me to mention, nor had it

been in my power to have denied him at that moment, had he offered much more than he did.

However, though he took these freedoms with me, it did not go to that which they call the last favour, which,

to do him justice, he did not attempt; and he made that selfdenial of his a plea for all his freedoms with me

upon other occasions after this. When this was over, he stayed but a little while, but he put almost a handful

of gold in my hand, and left me, making a thousand protestations of his passion for me, and of his loving me

It will not be strange if I now began to think, but alas! it was but with very little solid reflection. I had a most

unbounded stock of vanity and pride, and but a very little stock of virtue. I did indeed case sometimes with

myself what young master aimed at, but thought of nothing but the fine words and the gold; whether he

intended to marry me, or not to marry me, seemed a matter of no great consequence to me; nor did my

thoughts so much as suggest to me the necessity of making any capitulation for myself, till he came to make a

Thus I gave up myself to a readiness of being ruined without the least concern and am a fair memento to all

young women whose vanity prevails over their virtue. Nothing was ever so stupid on both sides. Had I acted

as became me, and resisted as virtue and honour require, this gentleman had either desisted his attacks,

finding no room to expect the accomplishment of his design, or had made fair and honourable proposals of

marriage; in which case, whoever had blamed him, nobody could have blamed me. In short, if he had known

me, and how easy the trifle he aimed at was to be had, he would have troubled his head no farther, but have

given me four or five guineas, and have lain with me the next time he had come at me. And if I had known

his thoughts, and how hard he thought I would be to be gained, I might have made my own terms with him;

and if I had not capitulated for an immediate marriage, I might for a maintenance till marriage, and might

have had what I would; for he was already rich to excess, besides what he had in expectation; but I seemed

wholly to have abandoned all such thoughts as these, and was taken up only with the pride of my beauty, and

of being beloved by such a gentleman. As for the gold, I spent whole hours in looking upon it; I told the

guineas over and over a thousand times a day. Never poor vain creature was so wrapt up with every part of

the story as I was, not considering what was before me, and how near my ruin was at the door; indeed, I think

In the meantime, however, I was cunning enough not to give the least room to any in the family to suspect

me, or to imagine that I had the least correspondence with this young gentleman. I scarce ever looked towards

him in public, or answered if he spoke to me when anybody was near us; but for all that, we had every now

and then a little encounter, where we had room for a word or two, an now and then a kiss, but no fair

opportunity for the mischief intended; and especially considering that he made more circumlocution than, if

he had known by thoughts, he had occasion for; and the work appearing difficult to him, he really made it so.

But as the devil is an unwearied tempter, so he never fails to find opportunity for that wickedness he invites

to. It was one evenine that I was in the garden, with his two younger sisters and himself, and all very

innocently merry, when he found means to convey a note into my hand, by which he directed me to

understand that he would tomorrow desire me publicly to go of an errand for him into the town, and that I

Accordingly, after dinner, he very gravely says to me, his sisters being all by, 'Mrs. Betty, I must ask a favour

of you.' 'What's that?' says his second sister. 'Nay, sister,' says he very gravely, 'if you can't spare Mrs. Betty

today, any other time will do.' Yes, they said, they could spare her well enough, and the sister begged

pardon for asking, which they did but of mere course, without any meaning. 'Well, but, brother,' says the

eldest sister, 'you must tell Mrs. Betty what it is; if it be any private business that we must not hear, you may

call her out. There she is.' 'Why, sister,' says the gentleman very gravely, 'what do you mean? I only desire

her to do into the High Street' (and then he pulls out a turnover), 'to such a shop'; and then he tells them a long

story of two fine neckcloths he had bid money for, and he wanted to have me go and make an errand to buy a

neck to the turnover that he showed, to see if they would take my money for the neckcloths; to bid a shilling

more, and haggle with them; and then he made more errands, and so continued to have such petty business to

When he had given me my errands, he told them a long story of a visit he was going to make to a family they

all knew, and where was to be suchandsuch gentlemen, and how merry they were to be, and very formally

asks his sisters to go with him, and they as formally excused themselves, because of company that they had

notice was to come and visit them that afternoon; which, by the way, he had contrived on purpose.

He had scarce done speaking to them, and giving me my errand, but his man came up to tell him that Sir

W H's coach stopped at the door; so he runs down, and comes up again immediately. 'Alas!' says

he aloud, 'there's all my mirth spoiled at once; sir W has sent his coach for me, and desires to speak with

me upon some earnest business.' It seems this Sir W was a gentleman who lived about three miles out of

town, to whom he had spoken on purpose the day before, to lend him his chariot for a particular occasion, and

Immediately he calls for his best wig, hat, and sword, and ordering his man to go to the other place to make

his excuse that was to say, he made an excuse to send his man awayhe prepares to go into the coach. As

he was going, he stopped a while, and speaks mighty earnestly to me about his business, and finds an

opportunity to say very softly to me, 'Come away, my dear, as soon as ever you can.' I said nothing, but made

a curtsy, as if I had done so to what he said in public. In about a quarter of an hour I went out too; I had no

dress other than before, except that I had a hood, a mask, a fan, and a pair of gloves in my pocket; so that

there was not the least suspicion in the house. He waited for me in the coach in a backlane, which he knew I

must pass by, and had directed the coachman whither to go, which was to a certain place, called Mile End,

where lived a confidant of his, where we went in, and where was all the convenience in the world to be as

When we were together he began to talk very gravely to me, and to tell me he did not bring me there to betray

me; that his passion for me would not suffer him to abuse me; that he resolved to marry me as soon as he

came to his estate; that in the meantime, if I would grant his request, he would maintain me very honourably;

and made me a thousand protestations of his sincerity and of his affection to me; and that he would never

abandon me, and as I may say, made a thousand more preambles than he need to have done.

However, as he pressed me to speak, I told him I had no reason to question the sincerity of his love to me

after so many protestations, butand there I stopped, as if I left him to guess the rest. 'But what, my dear?'

says he. 'I guess what you mean: what if you should be with child? Is not that it? Why, then,' says he, 'I'll take

care of you and provide for you, and the child too; and that you may see I am not in jest,' says he, 'here's an

earnest for you,' and with that he pulls out a silk purse, with an hundred guineas in it, and gave it me. 'And I'll

My colour came and went, at the sight of the purse and with the fire of his proposal together, so that I could

not say a word, and he easily perceived it; so putting the purse into my bosom, I made no more resistance to

him, but let him do just what he pleased, and as often as he pleased; and thus I finished my own destruction at

once, for from this day, being forsaken of my virtue and my modesty, I had nothing of value left to

But things did not end here. I went back to the town, did the business he publicly directed me to, and was at

home before anybody thought me long. As for my gentleman, he stayed out, as he told me he would, till late

at night, and there was not the least suspicion in the family either on his account or on mine.

We had, after this, frequent opportunities to repeat our crime chiefly by his contrivanceespecially at

home, when his mother and the young ladies went abroad avisiting, which he watched so narrowly as never

to miss; knowing always beforehand when they went out, and then failed not to catch me all alone, and

securely enough; so that we took our fill of our wicked pleasure for near half a year; and yet, which was the

But before this halfyear was expired, his younger brother, of whom I have made some mention in the

beginning of the story, falls to work with me; and he, finding me along in the garden one evening, begins a

story of the same kind to me, made good honest professions of being in love with me, and in short, proposes

fairly and honourably to marry me, and that before he made any other offer to me at all.

I was now confounded, and driven to such an extremity as the like was never known; at least not to me. I

resisted the proposal with obstinacy; and now I began to arm myself with arguments. I laid before him the

inequality of the match; the treatment I should meet with in the family; the ingratitude it would be to his good

father and mother, who had taken me into their house upon such generous principles, and when I was in such

a low condition; and, in short, I said everything to dissuade him from his design that I could imagine, except

telling him the truth, which would indeed have put an end to It all, but that I durst not think of mentioning.

But here happened a circumstance that I did not expect indeed, which put me to my shifts; for this young

gentleman, as he was plain and honest, so he pretended to nothing with me but what was so too; and,

knowing his own innocence, he was not so careful to make his having a kindness for Mrs. Betty a secret I the

house, as his brother was. And though he did not let them know that he had talked to me about it, yet he said

enough to let his sisters perceive he loved me, and his mother saw it too, which, though they took no notice of

it to me, yet they did to him, an immediately I found their carriage to me altered, more than ever before.

I saw the cloud, though I did not foresee the storm. It was easy, I say, to see that their carriage to me was

altered, and that it grew worse and worse every day; till at last I got information among the servants that I

I was not alarmed at the news, having a full satisfaction that I should be otherwise provided for; and

especially considering that I had reason every day to expect I should be with child, and that then I should be

After some time the younger gentleman took an opportunity to tell me that the kindness he had for me had

got vent in the family. He did not charge me with it, he said, for he know well enough which way it came out.

He told me his plain way of talking had been the occasion of it, for that he did not make his respect for me so

much a secret as he might have done, and the reason was, that he was at a point, that if I would consent to

have him, he would tell them all openly that he loved me, and that he intended to marry me; that it was true

his father and mother might resent it, and be unkind, but that he was now in a way to live, being bred to the

law, and he did not fear maintaining me agreeable to what I should expect; and that, in short, as he believed I

would not be ashamed of him, so he was resolved not to be ashamed of me, and that he scorned to be afraid to

own me now, whom he resolved to own after I was his wife, and therefore I had nothing to do but to give him

I was now in a dreadful condition indeed, and now I repented heartily my easiness with the eldest brother; not

from any reflection of conscience, but from a view of the happiness I might have enjoyed, and had now made

impossible; for though I had no great scruples of conscience, as I have said, to struggle with, yet I could not

think of being a whore to one brother and a wife to the other. But then it came into my thoughts that the first

brother had promised to made me his wife when he came to his estate; but I presently remembered what I had

often thought of, that he had never spoken a word of having me for a wife after he had conquered me for a

mistress; and indeed, till now, though I said I thought of it often, yet it gave me no disturbance at all, for as he

did not seem in the least to lessen his affection to me, so neither did he lessen his bounty, though he had the

discretion himself to desire me not to lay out a penny of what he gave me in clothes, or to make the least

show extraordinary, because it would necessarily give jealousy in the family, since everybody know I could

come at such things no manner of ordinary way, but by some private friendship, which they would presently

But I was now in a great strait, and knew not what to do. The main difficulty was this: the younger brother

not only laid close siege to me, but suffered it to be seen. He would come into his sister's room, and his

mother's room, and sit down, and talk a thousand kind things of me, and to me, even before their faces, and

when they were all there. This grew so public that the whole house talked of it, and his mother reproved him

for it, and their carriage to me appeared quite altered. In short, his mother had let fall some speeches, as if she

intended to put me out of the family; that is, in English, to turn me out of doors. Now I was sure this could

not be a secret to his brother, only that he might not think, as indeed nobody else yet did, that the youngest

brother had made any proposal to me about it; but as I easily could see that it would go farther, so I saw

likewise there was an absolute necessity to speak of it to him, or that he would speak of it to me, and which to

do first I knew not; that is, whether I should break it to him or let it alone till he should break it to me.

Upon serious consideration, for indeed now I began to consider things very seriously, and never till now; I

say, upon serious consideration, I resolved to tell him of it first; and it was not long before I had an

opportunity, for the very next day his brother went to London upon some business, and the family being out

avisiting, just as it had happened before, and as indeed was often the case, he came according to his custom,

When he came had had sat down a while, he easily perceived there was an alteration in my countenance, that

I was not so free and pleasant with him as I used to be, and particularly, that I had been acrying; he was not

long before he took notice of it, and asked me in very kind terms what was the matter, and if anything

troubled me. I would have put it off if I could, but it was not to be concealed; so after suffering many

importunities to draw that out of me which I longed as much as possible to disclose, I told him that it was true

something did trouble me, and something of such a nature that I could not conceal from him, and yet that I

could not tell how to tell him of it neither; that it was a thing that not only surprised me, but greatly perplexed

me, and that I knew not what course to take, unless he would direct me. He told me with great tenderness,

that let it be what it would, I should not let it trouble me, for he would protect me from all the world.

I then began at a distance, and told him I was afraid the ladies had got some secret information of our

correspondence; for that it was easy to see that their conduct was very much changed towards me for a great

while, and that now it was come to that pass that they frequently found fault with me, and sometimes fell

quite out with me, though I never gave them the least occasion; that whereas I used always to lie with the

eldest sister, I was lately put to lie by myself, or with one of the maids; and that I had overheard them several

times talking very unkindly about me; but that which confirmed it all was, that one of the servants had told

me that she had heard I was to be turned out, and that it was not safe for the family that I should be any

He smiled when he herd all this, and I asked him how he could make so light of it, when he must needs know

that if there was any discovery I was undone for ever, and that even it would hurt him, though not ruin him as

it would me. I upbraided him, that he was like all the rest of the sex, that, when they had the character and

honour of a woman at their mercy, oftentimes made it their jest, and at least looked upon it as a trifle, and

He saw me warm and serious, and he changed his style immediately; he told me he was sorry I should have

such a thought of him; that he had never given me the least occasion for it, but had been as tender of my

reputation as he could be of his own; that he was sure our correspondence had been managed with so much

address, that not one creature in the family had so much as a suspicion of it; that if he smiled when I told him

my thoughts, it was at the assurance he lately received, that our understanding one another was not so much

as known or guessed at; and that when he had told me how much reason he had to be easy, I should smile as

'This is a mystery I cannot understand,' says I, 'or how it should be to my satisfaction that I am to be turned

out of doors; for if our correspondence is not discovered, I know not what else I have done to change the

countenances of the whole family to me, or to have them treat me as they do now, who formerly used me

'Why, look you, child,' says he, 'that they are uneasy about you, that is true; but that they have the least

suspicion of the case as it is, and as it respects you and I, is so far from being true, that they suspect my

brother Robin; and, in short, they are fully persuaded he makes love to you; nay, the fool has put it into their

heads too himself, for he is continually bantering them about it, and making a jest of himself. I confess I think

he is wrong to do so, because he cannot but see it vexes them, and makes them unkind to you; but 'tis a

satisfaction to me, because of the assurance it gives me, that they do not suspect me in the least, and I hope

'So it is,' says I, 'one way; but this does not reach my case at all, nor is this the chief thing that troubles me,

though I have been concerned about that too.' 'What is it, then?' says he. With which I fell to tears, and could

say nothing to him at all. He strove to pacify me all he could, but began at last to be very pressing upon me to

tell what it was. At last I answered that I thought I ought to tell him too, and that he had some right to know

it; besides, that I wanted his direction in the case, for I was in such perplexity that I knew not what course to

take, and then I related the whole affair to him. I told him how imprudently his brother had managed himself,

in making himself so public; for that if he had kept it a secret, as such a thing out to have been, I could but

have denied him positively, without giving any reason for it, and he would in time have ceased his

solicitations; but that he had the vanity, first, to depend upon it that I would not deny him, and then had taken

I told him how far I had resisted him, and told him how sincere and honourable his offers were. 'But,' says I,

'my case will be doubly hard; for as they carry it ill to me now, because he desires to have me, they'll carry it

worse when they shall find I have denied him; and they will presently say, there's something else in it, and

then out it comes that I am married already to somebody else, or that I would never refuse a match so much

This discourse surprised him indeed very much. He told me that it was a critical point indeed for me to

manage, and he did not see which way I should get out of it; but he would consider it, and let me know next

time we met, what resolution he was come to about it; and in the meantime desired I would not give my

consent to his brother, nor yet give him a flat denial, but that I would hold him in suspense a while.

I seemed to start at his saying I should not give him my consent. I told him he knew very well I had no

consent to give; that he had engaged himself to marry me, and that my consent was the same time engaged to

him; that he had all along told me I was his wife, and I looked upon myself as effectually so as if the

ceremony had passed; and that it was from his own mouth that I did so, he having all along persuaded me to

'Well, my dear,' says he, 'don't be concerned at that now; if I am not your husband, I'll be as good as a

husband to you; and do not let those things trouble you now, but let me look a little farther into this affair,

He pacified me as well as he could with this, but I found he was very thoughtful, and that though he was very

kind to me and kissed me a thousand times, and more I believe, and gave me money too, yet he offered no

more all the while we were together, which was above two hours, and which I much wondered at indeed at

His brother did not come from London for five or six days, and it was two days more before he got an

opportunity to talk with him; but then getting him by himself he began to talk very close to him about it, and

the same evening got an opportunity (for we had a long conference together) to repeat all their discourse to

me, which, as near as I can remember, was to the purpose following. He told him he heard strange news of

him since he went, viz. that he made love to Mrs. Betty. 'Well, says his brother a little angrily, 'and so I do.

And what then? What has anybody to do with that?' 'Nay,' says his brother, 'don't be angry, Robin; I don't

pretend to have anything to do with it; nor do I pretend to be angry with you about it. But I find they do

concern themselves about it, and that they have used the poor girl ill about it, which I should take as done to

myself.' 'Whom do you mean by THEY?' says Robin. 'I mean my mother and the girls,' says the elder brother.

'But hark ye,' says his brother, 'are you in earnest? Do you really love this girl? You may be free with me, you

know.' 'Why, then,' says Robin, 'I will be free with you; I do love her above all the women in the world, and I

will have her, let them say and do what they will. I believe the girl will not deny me.'

It struck me to the heart when he told me this, for though it was most rational to think I would not deny him,

yet I knew in my own conscience I must deny him, and I saw my ruin in my being obliged to do so; but I

knew it was my business to talk otherwise then, so I interrupted him in his story thus.

'Ay!,' said I, 'does he think I cannot deny him? But he shall find I can deny him, for all that.'

'Well, my dear,' says he, 'but let me give you the whole story as it went on between us, and then say what you

Then he went on and told me that he replied thus: 'But, brother, you know she has nothing, and you may have

''Tis no matter for that,' said Robin; 'I love the girl, and I will never please my pocket in marrying, and not

'Yes, yes,' says I, 'you shall see I can oppose him; I have learnt to say No, now though I had not learnt it

before; if the best lord in the land offered me marriage now, I could very cheerfully say No to him.'

'Well, but, my dear,' says he, 'what can you say to him? You know, as you said when we talked of it before,

he well ask you many questions about it, and all the house will wonder what the meaning of it should be.'

'Why,' says I, smiling, 'I can stop all their mouths at one clap by telling him, and them too, that I am married

He smiled a little too at the word, but I could see it startled him, and he could not hide the disorder it put him

into. However, he returned, 'Why, though that may be true in some sense, yet I suppose you are but in jest

when you talk of giving such an answer as that; it may not be convenient on many accounts.'

'No, no,' says I pleasantly, 'I am not so fond of letting the secret come out without your consent.'

'But what, then, can you say to him, or to them,' says he, 'when they find you positive against a match which

'Why,' says I, 'should I be at a loss? First of all, I am not obliged to give me any reason at all; on the other

hand, I may tell them I am married already, and stop there, and that will be a full stop too to him, for he can

'Ay,' says he; 'but the whole house will tease you about that, even to father and mother, and if you deny them

'Why,' says I, 'what can I do? What would have me do? I was in straight enough before, and as I told you, I

was in perplexity before, and acquainted you with the circumstances, that I might have your advice.'

'My dear,' says he, 'I have been considering very much upon it, you may be sure, and though it is a piece of

advice that has a great many mortifications in it to me, and may at first seem strange to you, yet, all things

considered, I see no better way for you than to let him go on; and if you find him hearty and in earnest, marry

I gave him a look full of horror at those words, and, turning pale as death, was at the very point of sinking

down out of the chair I sat in; when, giving a start, 'My dear,' says he aloud, 'what's the matter with you?

Where are you agoing?' and a great many such things; and with jogging and called to me, fetched me a little

to myself, though it was a good while before I fully recovered my senses, and was not able to speak for

When I was fully recovered he began again. 'My dear,' says he, 'what made you so surprised at what I said? I

would have you consider seriously of it? You may see plainly how the family stand in this case, and they

would be stark mad if it was my case, as it is my brother's; and for aught I see, it would be my ruin and yours

'Ay!' says I, still speaking angrily; 'are all your protestations and vows to be shaken by the dislike of the

family? Did I not always object that to you, and you made light thing of it, as what you were above, and

would value; and is it come to this now?' said I. 'Is this your faith and honour, your love, and the solidity of

He continued perfectly calm, notwithstanding all my reproaches, and I was not sparing of them at all; but he

replied at last, 'My dear, I have not broken one promise with you yet; I did tell you I would marry you when I

was come to my estate; but you see my father is a hale, healthy man, and may live these thirty years still, and

not be older than several are round us in town; and you never proposed my marrying you sooner, because you

knew it might be my ruin; and as to all the rest, I have not failed you in anything, you have wanted for

I could not deny a word of this, and had nothing to say to it in general. 'But why, then,' says I, 'can you

persuade me to such a horrid step as leaving you, since you have not left me? Will you allow no affection, no

love on my side, where there has been so much on your side? Have I made you no returns? Have I given no

testimony of my sincerity and of my passion? Are the sacrifices I have made of honour and modesty to you

'But here, my dear,' says he, 'you may come into a safe station, and appear with honour and with splendour at

once, and the remembrance of what we have done may be wrapt up in an eternal silence, as if it had never

happened; you shall always have my respect, and my sincere affection, only then it shall be honest, and

perfectly just to my brother; you shall be my dear sister, asnow you are my dear' and there he stopped.

'Your dear whore,' says I, 'you would have said if you had gone on, and you might as well have said it; but I

understand you. However, I desire you to remember the long discourses you have had with me, and the many

hours' pains you have taken to persuade me to believe myself an honest woman; that I was your wife

intentionally, though not in the eyes of the world, and that it was as effectual a marriage that had passed

between us as is we had been publicly wedded by the parson of the parish. You know and cannot but

I found this was a little too close upon him, but I made it up in what follows. He stood stockstill for a while

and said nothing, and I went on thus: 'You cannot,' says I, 'without the highest injustice, believe that I yielded

upon all these persuasions without a love not to be questioned, not to be shaken again by anything that could

happen afterward. If you have such dishonourable thoughts of me, I must ask you what foundation in any of

'If, then, I have yielded to the importunities of my affection, and if I have been persuaded to believe that I am

really, and in the essence of the thing, your wife, shall I now give the lie to all those arguments and call

myself your whore, or mistress, which is the same thing? And will you transfer me to your brother? Canyou

transfer my affection? Can you bid me cease loving you, and bid me love him? It is in my power, think you,

to make such a change at demand? No, sir,' said I, 'depend upon it 'tis impossible, and whatever the change of

your side may be, I will ever be true; and I had much rather, since it is come that unhappy length, be your

He appeared pleased and touched with the impression of this last discourse, and told me that he stood where

he did before; that he had not been unfaithful to me in any one promise he had ever made yet, but that there

were so many terrible things presented themselves to his view in the affair before me, and that on my account

in particular, that he had thought of the other as a remedy so effectual as nothing could come up to it. That he

thought this would not be entire parting us, but we might love as friends all our days, and perhaps with more

satisfaction than we should in the station we were now in, as things might happen; that he durst say, I could

not apprehend anything from him as to betraying a secret, which could not but be the destruction of us both,

if it came out; that he had but one question to ask of me that could lie in the way of it, and if that question

was answered in the negative, he could not but think still it was the only step I could take.

I guessed at his question presently, namely, whether I was sure I was not with child? As to that, I told him he

need not be concerned about it, for I was not with child. 'Why, then, my dear,' says he, 'we have no time to

talk further now. Consider of it, and think closely about it; I cannot but be of the opinion still, that it will be

the best course you can take.' And with this he took his leave, and the more hastily too, his mother and sisters

He left me in the utmost confusion of thought; and he easily perceived it the next day, and all the rest of the

week, for it was but Tuesday evening when we talked; but he had no opportunity to come at me all that week,

till the Sunday after, when I, being indisposed, did not go to church, and he, making some excuse for the like,

And now he had me an hour and a half again by myself, and we fell into the same arguments all over again,

or at least so near the same, as it would be to no purpose to repeat them. At last I asked him warmly, what

opinion he must have of my modesty, that he could suppose I should so much as entertain a thought of lying

with two brothers, and assured him it could never be. I added, if he was to tell me that he would never see me

more, than which nothing but death could be more terrible, yet I could never entertain a thought so

dishonourable to myself, and so base to him; and therefore, I entreated him, if he had one grain of respect or

affection left for me, that he would speak no more of it to me, or that he would pull his sword out and kill me.

He appeared surprised at my obstinacy, as he called it; told me I was unkind to myself, and unkind to him in

it; that it was a crisis unlooked for upon us both, and impossible for either of us to foresee, but that he did not

see any other way to save us both from ruin, and therefore he thought it the more unkind; but that if he must

say no more of it to me, he added with an unusual coldness, that he did not know anything else we had to talk

of; and so he rose up to take his leave. I rose up too, as if with the same indifference; but when he came to

give me as it were a parting kiss, I burst out into such a passion of crying, that though I would have spoke, I

could not, and only pressing his hand, seemed to give him the adieu, but cried vehemently.

He was sensibly moved with this; so he sat down again, and said a great many kind things to me, to abate the

excess of my passion, but still urged the necessity of what he had proposed; all the while insisting, that if I

did refuse, he would notwith standing provide for me; but letting me plainly see that he would decline me in

the main pointnay, even as a mistress; making it a point of honour not to lie with the woman that, for aught

The bare loss of him as a gallant was not so much my affliction as the loss of his person, whom indeed I

loved to distraction; and the loss of all the expectations I had, and which I always had built my hopes upon,

of having him one day for my husband. These things oppressed my mind so much, that, in short, I fell very

ill; the agonies of my mind, in a word, threw me into a high fever, and long it was, that none in the family

I was reduced very low indeed, and was often delirious and lightheaded; but nothing lay so near me as the

fear that, when I was lightheaded, I should say something or other to his prejudice. I was distressed in my

mind also to see him, and so he was to see me, for he really loved me most passionately; but it could not be;

there was not the least room to desire it on one side or other, or so much as to make it decent.

It was near five weeks that I kept my bed and though the violence of my fever abated in three weeks, yet it

several times returned; and the physicians said two or three times, they could do no more for me, but that they

must leave nature and the distemper to fight it out, only strengthening the first with cordials to maintain the

struggle. After the end of five weeks I grew better, but was so weak, so altered, so melancholy, and recovered

so slowly, that they physicians apprehended I should go into a consumption; and which vexed me most, they

gave it as their opinion that my mind was oppressed, that something troubled me, and, in short, that I was in

love. Upon this, the whole house was set upon me to examine me, and to press me to tell whether I was in

love or not, and with whom; but as I well might, I denied my being in love at all.

They had on this occasion a squabble one day about me at table, that had like to have put the whole family in

an uproar, and for some time did so. They happened to be all at table but the father; as for me, I was ill, and in

my chamber. At the beginning of the talk, which was just as they had finished their dinner, the old

gentlewoman, who had sent me somewhat to eat, called her maid to go up and ask me if I would have any

more; but the maid brought down word I had not eaten half what she had sent me already.

'Well!' says the elder brother, 'how should Mrs. Betty be well? They say she is in love.'

'I don't know,' says the eldest sister, 'what to say to it; they have made such a rout about her being so

handsome, and so charming, and I know not what, and that in her hearing too, that has turned the creature's

head, I believe, and who knows what possessions may follow such doings? For my part, I don't know what to

'Why, sister, you must acknowledge she is very handsome,' says the elder brother.'

'Ay, and a great deal handsomer than you, sister,' says Robin, 'and that's your mortification.'

'Well, well, that is not the question,' says his sister; 'that girl is well enough, and she knows it well enough;

'We are not talking of her being vain,' says the elder brother, 'but of her being in love; it may be she is in love

'I would she was in love with me,' says Robin; 'I'd quickly put her out of her pain.'

'Why, madam,' says Robin, again, very honestly, 'do you think I'd let the poor girl die for love, and of one that

'Fie, brother!', says the second sister, 'how can you talk so? Would you take a creature that has not a groat in

'Prithee, child,' says Robin, 'beauty's a portion, and goodhumour with it is a double portion; I wish thou hadst

'I find,' says the eldest sister, 'if Betty is not in love, my brother is. I wonder he has not broke his mind to

'They that yield when they're asked,' says Robin, 'are one step before them that were never asked to yield,

sister, and two steps before them that yield before they are asked; and that's an answer to you, sister.'

This fired the sister, and she flew into a passion, and said, things were some to that pass that it was time the

wench, meaning me, was out of the family; and but that she was not fit to be turned out, she hoped her father

Robin replied, that was business for the master and mistress of the family, who where not to be taught by one

It ran up a great deal farther; the sister scolded, Robin rallied and bantered, but poor Betty lost ground by it

extremely in the family. I heard of it, and I cried heartily, and the old lady came up to me, somebody having

told her that I was so much concerned about it. I complained to her, that it was very hard the doctors should

pass such a censure upon me, for which they had no ground; and that it was still harder, considering the

circumstances I was under in the family; that I hoped I had done nothing to lessen her esteem for me, or given

any occasion for the bickering between her sons and daughters, and I had more need to think of a coffin than

of being in love, and begged she would not let me suffer in her opinion for anybody's mistakes but my own.

She was sensible of the justice of what I said, but told me, since there had been such a clamour among them,

and that her younger son talked after such a rattling way as he did, she desired I would be so faithful to her as

to answer her but one question sincerely. I told her I would, with all my heart, and with the utmost plainness

and sincerity. Why, then, the question was, whether there way anything between her son Robert and me. I

told her with all the protestations of sincerity that I was able to make, and as I might well, do, that there was

not, nor every had been; I told her that Mr. Robert had rattled and jested, as she knew it was his way, and that

I took it always, as I supposed he meant it, to be a wild airy way of discourse that had no signification in it;

and again assured her, that there was not the least tittle of what she understood by it between us; and that

those who had suggested it had done me a great deal of wrong, and Mr. Robert no service at all.

The old lady was fully satisfied, and kissed me, spoke cheerfully to me, and bid me take care of my health

and want for nothing, and so took her leave. But when she came down she found the brother and all his sisters

together by the ears; they were angry, even to passion, at his upbraiding them with their being homely, and

having never had any sweethearts, never having been asked the question, and their being so forward as almost

to ask first. He rallied them upon the subject of Mrs. Betty; how pretty, how goodhumoured, how she sung

better then they did, and danced better, and how much handsomer she was; and in doing this he omitted no

illnatured thing that could vex them, and indeed, pushed too hard upon them. The old lady came down in the

height of it, and to put a stop it to, told them all the discourse she had had with me, and how I answered, that

'She's wrong there,' says Robin, 'for if there was not a great deal between us, we should be closer together

than we are. I told her I lover her hugely,' says he, 'but I could never make the jade believe I was in earnest.' 'I

do not know how you should,' says his mother; 'nobody in their senses could believe you were in earnest, to

'But prithee, son,' adds she, 'since you tell me that you could not make her believe you were in earnest, what

must we believe about it? For you ramble so in your discourse, that nobody knows whether you are in earnest

or in jest; but as I find the girl, by your own confession, has answered truly, I wish you would do so too, and

tell me seriously, so that I may depend upon it. Is there anything in it or no? Are you in earnest or no? Are

you distracted, indeed, or are you not? 'Tis a weighty question, and I wish you would make us easy about it.'

'By my faith, madam,' says Robin, ''tis in vain to mince the matter or tell any more lies about it; I am in

earnest, as much as a man is that's going to be hanged. If Mrs. Betty would say she loved me, and that she

would marry me, I'd have her tomorrow morning fasting, and say, 'To have and to hold,' instead of eating my

'Well,' says the mother, 'then there's one son lost'; and she said it in a very mournful tone, as one greatly

'I hope not, madam,' says Robin; 'no man is lost when a good wife has found him.'

'Why, then, madam, she has the more need of charity,' says Robin; 'I'll take her off the hands of the parish,

'I don't jest, madam,' says Robin. 'We'll come and beg your pardon, madam; and your blessing, madam, and

'This is all out of the way, son,' says the mother. 'If you are in earnest you are undone.'

'I am afraid not,' says he, 'for I am really afraid she won't have me; after all my sister's huffing and blustering,

'That's a fine tale, indeed; she is not so far out of her senses neither. Mrs. Betty is no fool,' says the younger

'No, Mrs. Mirthwit,' says Robin, 'Mrs. Betty's no fool; but Mrs. Betty may be engaged some other way, and

'Nay,' says the eldest sister, 'we can say nothing to that. Who must it be to, then? She is never out of the

'I have nothing to say to that,' says Robin. 'I have been examined enough; there's my brother. If it must be

This stung the elder brother to the quick, and he concluded that Robin had discovered something. However,

he kept himself from appearing disturbed. 'Prithee,' says he, 'don't go to shame your stories off upon me; I tell

you, I deal in no such ware; I have nothing to say to Mrs. Betty, nor to any of the Mrs. Bettys in the parish';

'No,' says the eldest sister, 'I dare answer for my brother; he knows the world better.'

Thus the discourse ended, but it left the elder brother quite confounded. He concluded his brother had made a

full discovery, and he began to doubt whether I had been concerned in it or not; but with all his management

he could not bring it about to get at me. At last he was so perplexed that he was quite desperate, and resolved

he would come into my chamber and see me, whatever came of it. In order to do this, he contrived it so, that

one day after dinner, watching his eldest sister till he could see her go upstairs, he runs after her. 'Hark ye,

sister,' says he, 'where is this sick woman? May not a body see her?' 'Yes,' says the sister, 'I believe you may;

but let me go first a little, and I'll tell you.' So she ran up to the door and gave me notice, and presently called

to him again. 'Brother,' says she, 'you may come if you please.' So in he came, just in the same kind of rant.

'Well,' says he at the door as he came in, 'where is this sick body that's in love? How do ye do, Mrs. Betty?' I

would have got up out of my chair, but was so weak I could not for a good while; and he saw it, and his sister

to, and she said, 'Come, do not strive to stand up; my brother desires no ceremony, especially now you are so

weak.' 'No, no, Mrs. Betty, pray sit still,' says he, and so sits himself down in a chair over against me, and

He talked a lot of rambling stuff to his sister and to me, sometimes of one thing, sometimes of another, on

purpose to amuse his sister, and every now and then would turn it upon the old story, directing it to me. 'Poor

Mrs. Betty,' says he, 'it is a sad thing to be in love; why, it has reduced you sadly.' At last I spoke a little. 'I am

glad to see you so merry, sir,' says I; 'but I think the doctor might have found something better to do than to

make his game at his patients. If I had been ill of no other distemper, I know the proverb too well to have let

Is not that it, Mrs. Betty?' I smiled and said nothing. 'Nay,' says he, 'I think the effect has proved it to be love,

for it seems the doctor has been able to do you but little service; you mend very slowly, they say. I doubt

there's somewhat in it, Mrs. Betty; I doubt you are sick of the incurables, and that is love.' I smiled and said,

We had a deal of such discourse, and sometimes others that signified as little. By and by he asked me to sing

them a song, at which I smiled, and said my singing days were over. At last he asked me if he should play

upon his flute to me; his sister said she believe it would hurt me, and that my head could not bear it. I bowed,

and said, No, it would not hurt me. 'And, pray, madam.' said I, 'do not hinder it; I love the music of the flute

very much.' Then his sister said, 'Well, do, then, brother.' With that he pulled out the key of his closet. 'Dear

sister,' says he, 'I am very lazy; do step to my closet and fetch my flute; it lies in such a drawer,' naming a

place where he was sure it was not, that she might be a little while alooking for it.

As soon as she was gone, he related the whole story to me of the discourse his brother had about me, and of

his pushing it at him, and his concern about it, which was the reason of his contriving this visit to me. I

assured him I had never opened my mouth either to his brother or to anybody else. I told him the dreadful

exigence I was in; that my love to him, and his offering to have me forget that affection and remove it to

another, had thrown me down; and that I had a thousand times wished I might die rather than recover, and to

have the same circumstances to struggle with as I had before, and that his backwardness to life had been the

great reason of the slowness of my recovering. I added that I foresaw that as soon as I was well, I must quit

the family, and that as for marrying his brother, I abhorred the thoughts of it after what had been my case

with him, and that he might depend upon it I would never see his brother again upon that subject; that if he

would break all his vows and oaths and engagements with me, be that between his conscience and his honour

and himself; but he should never be able to say that I, whom he had persuaded to call myself his wife, and

who had given him the liberty to use me as a wife, was not as faithful to him as a wife ought to be, whatever

He was going to reply, and had said that he was sorry I could not be persuaded, and was agoing to say more,

but he heard his sister acoming, and so did I; and yet I forced out these few words as a reply, that I could

never be persuaded to love one brother and marry another. He shook his head and said, 'Then I am ruined,'

meaning himself; and that moment his sister entered the room and told him she could not find the flute.

'Well,' says he merrily, 'this laziness won't do'; so he gets up and goes himself to go to look for it, but comes

back without it too; not but that he could have found it, but because his mind was a little disturbed, and he

had no mind to play; and, besides, the errand he sent his sister on was answered another way; for he only

wanted an opportunity to speak to me, which he gained, though not much to his satisfaction.

I had, however, a great deal of satisfaction in having spoken my mind to him with freedom, and with such an

honest plainness, as I have related; and though it did not at all work the way I desired, that is to say, to oblige

the person to me the more, yet it took from him all possibility of quitting me but by a downright breach of

honour, and giving up all the faith of a gentleman to me, which he had so often engaged by, never to abandon

It was not many weeks after this before I was about the house again, and began to grow well; but I continued

melancholy, silent, dull, and retired, which amazed the whole family, except he that knew the reason of it; yet

it was a great while before he took any notice of it, and I, as backward to speak as he, carried respectfully to

him, but never offered to speak a word to him that was particular of any kind whatsoever; and this continued

for sixteen or seventeen weeks; so that, as I expected every day to be dismissed the family, on account of

what distaste they had taken another way, in which I had no guilt, so I expected to hear no more of this

gentleman, after all his solemn vows and protestations, but to be ruined and abandoned.

At last I broke the way myself in the family for my removing; for being talking seriously with the old lady

one day, about my own circumstances in the world, and how my distemper had left a heaviness upon my

spirits, that I was not the same thing I was before, the old lady said, 'I am afraid, Betty, what I have said to

you about my son has had some influence upon you, and that you are melancholy on his account; pray, will

you let me know how the matter stands with you both, if it may not be improper? For, as for Robin, he does

nothing but rally and banter when I speak of it to him.' 'Why, truly, madam,' said I 'that matter stands as I

wish it did not, and I shall be very sincere with you in it, whatever befalls me for it. Mr. Robert has several

times proposed marriage to me, which is what I had no reason to expect, my poor circumstances considered;

but I have always resisted him, and that perhaps in terms more positive than became me, considering the

regard that I ought to have for every branch of your family; but,' said I, 'madam, I could never so far forget

my obligation to you and all your house, to offer to consent to a thing which I know must needs be

disobliging to you, and this I have made my argument to him, and have positively told him that I would never

entertain a though of that kind unless I had your consent, and his father's also, to whom I was bound by so

'And is this possible, Mrs. Betty?' says the old lady. 'Then you have been much juster to us than we have been

to you; for we have all looked upon you as a kind of snare to my son, and I had a proposal to make to you for

your removing, for fear of it; but I had not yet mentioned it to you, because I thought you were not thorough

well, and I was afraid of grieving you too much, lest it should throw you down again; for we have all a

respect for you still, though not so much as to have it be the ruin of my son; but if it be as you say, we have

'As to the truth of what I say, madam,' said I, 'refer you to your son himself; if he will do me any justice, he

Away goes the old lady to her daughters and tells them the whole story, just as I had told it her; and they were

surprised at it, you may be sure, as I believed they would be. One said she could never have thought it;

another said Robin was a fool; a third said she would not believe a word of it, and she would warrant that

Robin would tell the story another way. But the old gentlewoman, who was resolved to go to the bottom of it

before I could have the least opportunity of acquainting her son with what had passed, resolved too that she

would talk with her son immediately, and to that purpose sent for him, for he was gone but to a lawyer's

house in the town, upon some petty business of his own, and upon her sending he returned immediately.

Upon his coming up to them, for they were all still together, 'Sit down, Robin,' says the old lady, 'I must have

some talk with you.' 'With all my heart, madam,' says Robin, looking very merry. 'I hope it is about a good

wife, for I am at a great loss in that affair.' 'How can that be?' says his mother; 'did not you say you resolved

to have Mrs. Betty?' 'Ay, madam,' says Robin, 'but there is one has forbid the banns.' 'Forbid, the banns!' says

his mother; 'who can that be?' 'Even Mrs. Betty herself,' says Robin. 'How so?' says his mother. 'Have you

asked her the question, then?' 'Yes, indeed, madam,' says Robin. 'I have attacked her in form five times since

she was sick, and am beaten off; the jade is so stout she won't capitulate nor yield upon any terms, except

such as I cannot effectually grant.' 'Explain yourself,' says the mother, 'for I am surprised; I do not understand

'Why, madam,' says he, 'the case is plain enough upon me, it explains itself; she won't have me, she says; is

not that plain enough? I think 'tis plain, and pretty rough too.' 'Well, but,' says the mother, 'you talk of

conditions that you cannot grant; what does she wanta settlement? Her jointure ought to be according to

her portion; but what fortune does she bring you?' 'Nay, as to fortune,' says Robin, 'she is rich enough; I am

satisfied in that point; but 'tis I that am not able to come up to her terms, and she is positive she will not have

Here the sisters put in. 'Madam,' says the second sister, ''tis impossible to be serious with him; he will never

give a direct answer to anything; you had better let him alone, and talk no more of it to him; you know how to

dispose of her out of his way if you thought there was anything in it.' Robin was a little warmed with his

sister's rudeness, but he was even with her, and yet with good manners too. 'There are two sorts of people,

madam,' says he, turning to his mother, 'that there is no contending with; that is, a wise body and a fool; 'tis a

The younger sister then put in. 'We must be fools indeed,' says she, 'in my brother's opinion, that he should

think we can believe he has seriously asked Mrs. Betty to marry him, and that she has refused him.'

'Answer, and answer not, say Solomon,' replied her brother. 'When your brother had said to your mother that

he had asked her no less than five times, and that it was so, that she positively denied him, methinks a

younger sister need not question the truth of it when her mother did not.' 'My mother, you see, did not

understand it,' says the second sister. 'There's some difference,' says Robin, 'between desiring me to explain

'Well, but, son,' says the old lady, 'if you are disposed to let us into the mystery of it, what were these hard

conditions?' 'Yes, madam,' says Robin, 'I had done it before now, if the teasers here had not worried my by

way of interruption. The conditions are, that I bring my father and you to consent to it, and without that she

protests she will never see me more upon that head; and to these conditions, as I said, I suppose I shall never

be able to grant. I hope my warm sisters will be answered now, and blush a little; if not, I have no more to say

This answer was surprising to them all, though less to the mother, because of what I had said to her. As to the

daughters, they stood mute a great while; but the mother said with some passion, 'Well, I had heard this

before, but I could not believe it; but if it is so, they we have all done Betty wrong, and she has behaved

better than I ever expected.' 'Nay,' says the eldest sister, 'if it be so, she has acted handsomely indeed.' 'I

confess,' saysthe mother, 'it was none of her fault, if he was fool enough totake a fancy to her; but to give

such an answer to him, shows more respect to your father and me than I can tell how to express; I shall value

the girl the better for it as long as I know her.' 'But I shall not,' says Robin, 'unless you will give your

consent.' 'I'll consider of that a while,' says the mother; 'I assure you, if there were not some other objections

in the way, this conduct of hers would go a great way to bring me to consent.' 'I wish it would go quite

through it,' says Robin; 'if you had a much thought about making me easy as you have about making me rich,

'Why, Robin,' says the mother again, 'are you really in earnest? Would you so fain have her as you pretend?'

"Really, madam,' says Robin, 'I think 'tis hard you should question me upon that head after all I have said. I

won't say that I will have her; how can I resolve that point, when you see I cannot have her without your

consent? Besides, I am not bound to marry at all. But this I will say, I am in earnest in, that I will never have

anybody else if I can help it; so you may determine for me. Betty or nobody is the word, and the question

which of the two shall be in your breast to decide, madam, provided only, that my goodhumoured sisters

All this was dreadful to me, for the mother began to yield, and Robin pressed her home on it. On the other

hand, she advised with the eldest son, and he used all the arguments in the world to persuade her to consent;

alleging his brother's passionate love for me, and my generous regard to the family, in refusing my own

advantages upon such a nice point of honour, and a thousand such things. And as to the father, he was a man

in a hurry of public affairs and getting money, seldom at home, thoughtful of the main chance, but left all

You may easily believe, that when the plot was thus, as they thought, broke out, and that every one thought

they knew how things were carried, it was not so difficult or so dangerous for the elder brother, whom

nobody suspected of anything, to have a freer access to me than before; nay, the mother, which was just as he

wished, proposed it to him to talk with Mrs. Betty. 'For it may be, son,' said she, 'you may see farther into the

thing than I, and see if you think she has been so positive as Robin says she has been, or no.' This was as well

as he could wish, and he, as it were, yielding to talk with me at his mother's request, she brought me to him

into her own chamber, told me her son had some business with me at her request, and desired me to be very

sincere with him, and then she left us together, and he went and shut the door after her.

He came back to me and took me in his arms, and kissed me very tenderly; but told me he had a long

discourse to hold with me, and it was not come to that crisis, that I should make myself happy or miserable as

long as I lived; that the thing was now gone so far, that if I could not comply with his desire, we would both

be ruined. Then he told the whole story between Robin, as he called him, and his mother and sisters and

himself, as it is above. 'And now, dear child,' says he, 'consider what it will be to marry a gentleman of a good

family, in good circumstances, and with the consent of the whole house, and to enjoy all that he world can

give you; and what, on the other hand, to be sunk into the dark circumstances of a woman that has lost her

reputation; and that though I shall be a private friend to you while I live, yet as I shall be suspected always, so

He gave me no time to reply, but went on with me thus: 'What has happened between us, child, so long as we

both agree to do so, may be buried and forgotten. I shall always be your sincere friend, without any

inclination to nearer intimacy, when you become my sister; and we shall have all the honest part of

conversation without any reproaches between us of having done amiss. I beg of you to consider it, and to not

stand in the way of your own safety and prosperity; and to satisfy you that I am sincere,' added he, 'I here

offer you #500 in money, to make you some amends for the freedoms I havetaken with you, which we shall

look upon as some of the folliesof our lives, which 'tis hoped we may repent of.'

He spoke this in so much more moving terms than it is possible for me to express, and with so much greater

force of argument than I can repeat, that I only recommend it to those who read the story, to suppose, that as

he held me above an hour and a half in that discourse, so he answered all my objections, and fortified his

I cannot say, however, that anything he said made impression enough upon me so as to give me any thought

of the matter, till he told me at last very plainly, that if I refused, he was sorry to add that he could never go

on with me in that station as we stood before; that though he loved me as well as ever, and that I was as

agreeable to him as ever, yet sense of virtue had not so far forsaken him as to suffer him to lie with a woman

that his brother courted to make his wife; and if he took his leave of me, with a denial in this affair, whatever

he might do for me in the point of support, grounded on his first engagement of maintaining me, yet he would

not have me be surprised that he was obliged to tell me he could not allow himself to see me any more; and

I received this last part with some token of surprise and disorder, and had much ado to avoid sinking down,

for indeed I loved him to an extravagance not easy to imagine; but he perceived my disorder. He entreated me

to consider seriously of it; assured me that it was the only way to preserve our mutual affection; that in this

station we might love as friends, with the utmost passion, and with a love of relation untainted, free from our

just reproaches, and free from other people's suspicions; that he should ever acknowledge his happiness

owing to me; that he would be debtor to me as long as he lived, and would be paying that debt as long as he

had breath. Thus he wrought me up, in short, to a kind of hesitation in the matter; having the dangers on one

side represented in lively figures, and indeed, heightened by my imagination of being turned out to the wide

world a mere castoff whore, for it was no less, and perhaps exposed as such, with little to provide for

myself, with no friend, no acquaintance in the whole world, out of that town, and there I could not pretend to

stay. All this terrified me to the last degree, and he took care upon all occasions to lay it home to me in the

worst colours that it could be possible to be drawn in. On the other hand, he failed not to set forth the easy,

He answered all that I could object from affection, and from former engagements, with telling me the

necessity that was before us of taking other measures now; and as to his promises of marriage, the nature of

things, he said, had put an end to that, by the probability of my being his brother's wife, before the time to

Thus, in a word, I may say, he reasoned me out of my reason; he conquered all my arguments, and I began to

see a danger that I was in, which I had not considered of before, and that was, of being dropped by both of

This, and his persuasion, at length prevailed with me to consent, though with so much reluctance, that it was

easy to see I should go to church like a bear to the stake. I had some little apprehensions about me, too, lest

my new spouse, who, by the way, I had not the least affection for, should be skillful enough to challenge me

on another account, upon our first coming to bed together. But whether he did it with design or not, I know

not, but his elder brother took care to make him very much fuddled before he went to bed, so that I had the

satisfaction of a drunken bedfellow the first night. How he did it I know not, but I concluded that he certainly

contrived it, that his brother might be able to make no judgment of the difference between a maid and a

married woman; nor did he ever entertain any notions of it, or disturb his thoughts about it.

I should go back a little here to where I left off. The elder brother having thus managed me, his next business

was to manage his mother, and he never left till he had brought her to acquiesce and be passive in the thing,

even without acquainting the father, other than by post letters; so that she consented to our marrying

Then he cajoled with his brother, and persuaded him what service he had done him, and how he had brought

his mother to consent, which, though true, was not indeed done to serve him, but to serve himself; but thus

diligently did he cheat him, and had the thanks of a faithful friend for shifting off his whore into his brother's

arms for a wife. So certainly does interest banish all manner of affection, and so naturally do men give up

I must now come back to brother Robin, as we always called him, who having got his mother's consent, as

above, came big with the news to me, and told me the whole story of it, with a sincerity so visible, that I must

confess it grieved me that I must be the instrument to abuse so honest a gentleman. But there was no remedy;

he would have me, and I was not obliged to tell him that I was his brother's whore, though I had no other way

to put him off; so I came gradually into it, to his satisfaction, and behold we were married.

Modesty forbids me to reveal the secrets of the marriagebed, but nothing could have happened more

suitable to my circumstances than that, as above, my husband was so fuddled when he came to bed, that he

could not remember in the morning whether he had had any conversation with me or no, and I was obliged to

tell him he had, though in reality he had not, that I might be sure he could make to inquiry about anything

It concerns the story in hand very little to enter into the further particulars of the family, or of myself, for the

five years that I lived with this husband, only to observe that I had two children by him, and that at the end of

five years he died. He had been really a very good husband to me, and we lived very agreeably together; but

as he had not received much from them, and had in the little time he lived acquired no great matters, so my

circumstances were not great, nor was I much mended by the match. Indeed, I had preserved the elder

brother's bonds to me,to pay #500, which he offered me for my consentto marry his brother; and this, with

what I had saved of the moneyhe formerly gave me, about as much more by my husband, left me a widow

My two children were, indeed, taken happily off my hands by my husband's father and mother, and that, by

I confess I was not suitably affected with the loss of my husband, nor indeed can I say that I ever loved him

as I ought to have done, or as was proportionable to the good usage I had from him, for he was a tender, kind,

goodhumoured man as any woman could desire; but his brother being so always in my sight, at least while

we were in the country, was a continual snare to me, and I never was in bed with my husband but I wished

myself in the arms of his brother; and though his brother never offered me the least kindness that way after

our marriage, but carried it just as a brother out to do, yet it was impossible for me to do so to him; in short, I

committed adultery and incest with him every day in my desires, which, without doubt, was as effectually

Before my husband died his elder brother was married, and we, being then removed to London, were written

to by the old lady to come and be at the wedding. My husband went, but I pretended indisposition, and that I

could not possibly travel, so I stayed behind; for, in short, I could not bear the sight of his being given to

I was now, as above, left loose to the world, and being still young and handsome, as everybody said of me,

and I assure you I thought myself so, and with a tolerable fortune in my pocket, I put no small value upon

myself. I was courted by several very considerable tradesmen, and particularly very warmly by one, a

linendraper, at whose house, after my husband's death, I took a lodging, his sister being my acquaintance.

Here I had all the liberty and all the opportunity to be gay and appear in company that I could desire, my

landlord's sister being one of the maddest, gayest things alive, and not so much mistress of her virtue as I

thought as first she had been. She brought me into a world of wild company, and even brought home several

persons, such as she liked well enough to gratify, to see her pretty widow, so she was pleased to call me, and

that name I got in a little time in public. Now, as fame and fools make an assembly, I was here wonderfully

caressed, had abundance of admirers, and such as called themselves lovers; but I found not one fair proposal

among them all. As for their common design, that I understood too well to be drawn into any more snares of

that kind. The case was altered with me: I had money in my pocket, and had nothing to say to them. I had

been tricked once by that cheat called love, but the game was over; I was resolved now to be married or

I loved the company, indeed, of men of mirth and wit, men of gallantry and figure, and was often entertained

with such, as I was also with others; but I found by just observation, that the brightest men came upon the

dullest errandthat is to say, the dullest as to what I aimed at. On the other hand, those who came with the

best proposals were the dullest and most disagreeable part of the world. I was not averse to a tradesman, but

then I would have a tradesman, forsooth, that was something of a gentleman too; that when my husband had a

mind to carry me to the court, or to the play, he might become a sword, and look as like a gentleman as

another man; and not be one that had the mark of his apronstrings upon his coat, or the mark of his hat upon

his periwig; that should look as if he was set on to his sword, when his sword was put on to him, and that

Well, at last I found this amphibious creature, this landwater thing called a gentlemantradesman; and as a

just plague upon my folly, I was catched in the very snare which, as I might say, I laid for myself. I said for

This was a draper, too, for though my comrade would have brought me to a bargain with her brother, yet

when it came to the point, it was, it seems, for a mistress, not a wife; and I kept true to this notion, that a

Thus my pride, not my principle, my money, not my virtue, kept me honest; though, as it proved, I found I

had much better have been sold by my shecomrade to her brother, than have sold myself as I did to a

But I was hurried on (by my fancy to a gentleman) to ruin myself in the grossest manner that every woman

did; for my new husband coming to a lump of money at once, fell into such a profusion of expense, that all I

had, and all he had before, if he had anything worth mentioning, would not have held it out above one year.

He was very fond of me for about a quarter of a year, and what I got by that was, that I had the pleasure of

seeing a great deal of my money spent upon myself, and, as I may say, had some of the spending it too.

'Come, my dear,' says he to me one day, 'shall we go and take a turn into the country for about a week?' 'Ay,

my dear,' says I, 'whither would you go?' 'I care not whither,' says he, 'but I have a mind to look like quality

for a week. We'll go to Oxford,' says he. 'How,' says I, 'shall we go? I am no horsewoman, and 'tis too far for

a coach.' 'Too far!' says he; 'no place is too far for a coachandsix. If I carry you out, you shall travel like a

duchess.' 'Hum,' says I, 'my dear, 'tis a frolic; but if you have a mind to it, I don't care.' Well, the time was

appointed, we had a rich coach, very good horses, a coachman, postillion, and two footmen in very good

liveries; a gentleman on horseback, and a page with a feather in his hat upon another horse. The servants all

called him my lord, and the innkeepers, you may be sure, did the like, and I was her honour the Countess,

and thus we traveled to Oxford, and a very pleasant journey we had; for, give him his due, not a beggar alive

knew better how to be a lord than my husband. We saw all the rarities at Oxford, talked with two or three

Fellows of colleges about putting out a young nephew, that was left to his lordship's care, to the University,

and of their being his tutors. We diverted ourselves with bantering several other poor scholars, with hopes of

being at least his lordship's chaplains and putting on a scarf; and thus having lived like quality indeed, as to

expense, we went away for Northampton, and, in a word, in about twelve days' ramble came home again, to

Vanity is the perfection of a fop. My husband had this excellence, that he valued nothing of expense; and as

his history, you may be sure, has very little weight in it, 'tis enough to tell you that in about two years and a

quarter he broke, and was not so happy to get over into the Mint, but got into a sponginghouse, being

arrested in an action too heavy from him to give bail to, so he sent for me to come to him.

It was no surprise to me, for I had foreseen some time that all was going to wreck, and had been taking care

to reserve something if I could, though it was not much, for myself. But when he sent for me, he behaved

much better than I expected, and told me plainly he had played the fool, and suffered himself to be surprised,

which he might have prevented; that now he foresaw he could not stand it, and therefore he would have me

go home, and in the night take away everything I had in the house of any value, and secure it; and after that,

he told me that if I could get away one hundred or two hundred pounds in goods out of the shop, I should do

it; 'only,' sayshe, 'let me know nothing of it, neither what you take norwhither you carry it; for as for me,' says

he, 'I am resolved toget out of this house and be gone; and if you never hear of memore, my dear,' says he, 'I

wish you well; I am only sorry forthe injury I have done you.' He said some very handsomethings to me

indeed at parting; for I told you he was a gentleman, and that was all the benefit I had of his being so; that he

used me very handsomely and with good mannersupon all occasions, even to the last, only spent all I had,

However, I did as he bade me, that you may be sure; and having thus taken my leave of him, I never saw him

more, for he found means to break out of the bailiff's house that night or the next, and go over into France,

and for the rest of the creditors scrambled for it as well as they could. How, I knew not, for I could come at

no knowledge of anything, more than this, that he came home about three o'clock in the morning, caused the

rest of his goods to be removed into the Mint, and the shop to be shut up; and having raised what money he

could get together, he got over, as I said, to France, from whence I had one or two letters from him, and no

more. I did not see him when he came home, for he having given me such instructions as above, and I having

made the best of my time, I had no more business back again at the house, not knowing but I might have been

stopped there by the creditors; for a commission of bankrupt being soon after issued, they might have stopped

me by orders from the commissioners. But my husband, having so dexterously got out of the bailiff's house

by letting himself down in a most desperate manner from almost the top of the house to the top of another

building, and leaping from thence, which was almost two storeys, and which was enough indeed to have

broken his neck, he came home and got away his goods before the creditors could come to seize; that is to

say, before they could get out the commission, and be ready to send their officers to take possession.

My husband was so civil to me, for still I say he was much of a gentleman, that in the first letter he wrote me

from France, he let me know where he had pawned twenty pieces of fine holland for #30, which were really

worth #90, and enclosed me the token and an order for the taking them up, paying the money, which I did,

and made in time above #100 of them, having leisure to cut them and sell them, some and some, to private

However, with all this, and all that I had secured before, I found, upon casting things up, my case was very

much altered, any my fortune much lessened; for, including the hollands and a parcel of fine muslins, which I

carried off before, and some plate, and other things, I found I could hardly muster up #500; and my condition

was very odd, for though I had no child (I had had one by my gentleman draper, but it was buried), yet I was

a widow bewitched; I had a husband and no husband, and I could not pretend to marry again, though I knew

well enough my husband would never see England any more, if he lived fifty years. Thus, I say, I was limited

from marriage, what offer mightsoever be made me; and I had not one friend to advise with in the condition I

was in, lease not one I durst trust the secret of my circumstances to, for if the commissioners were to have

been informed where I was, I should have been fetched up and examined upon oath, and all I have saved be

Upon these apprehensions, the first thing I did was to go quite out of my knowledge, and go by another name.

This I did effectually, for I went into the Mint too, took lodgings in a very private place, dressed up in the

Here, however, I concealed myself, and though my new acquaintances knew nothing of me, yet I soon got a

great deal of company about me; and whether it be that women are scarce among the sorts of people that

generally are to be found there, or that some consolations in the miseries of the place are more requisite than

on other occasions, I soon found an agreeable woman was exceedingly valuable among the sons of affliction

there, and that those that wanted money to pay half a crown on the pound to their creditors, and that run in

debt at the sign of the Bull for their dinners, would yet find money for a supper, if they liked the woman.

However, I kept myself safe yet, though I began, like my Lord Rochester's mistress, that loved his company,

but would not admit him farther, to have the scandal of a whore, without the joy; and upon this score, tired

It was indeed a subject of strange reflection to me to see men who were overwhelmed in perplexed

circumstances, who were reduced some degrees below being ruined, whose families were objects of their

own terror and other people's charity, yet while a penny lasted, nay, even beyond it, endeavouring to drown

themselves, labouring to forget former things, which not it was the proper time to remember, making more

But it is none of my talent to preach; these men were too wicked, even for me. There was something horrid

and absurd in their way of sinning, for it was all a force even upon themselves; they did not only act against

conscience, but against nature; they put a rape upon their temper to drown the reflections, which their

circumstances continually gave them; and nothing was more easy than to see how sighs would interrupt their

songs, and paleness and anguish sit upon their brows, in spite of the forced smiles they put on; nay,

sometimes it would break out at their very mouths when they had parted with their money for a lewd treat or

a wicked embrace. I have heard them, turning about, fetch a deep sigh, and cry, 'What a dog am I! Well,

Betty, my dear, I'll drink thy health, though'; meaning the honest wife, that perhaps had not a halfcrown for

herself and three or four children. The next morning they are at their penitentials again; and perhaps the poor

weeping wife comes over to him, either brings him some account of what his creditors are doing, and how

she and the children are turned out of doors, or some other dreadful news; and this adds to his

selfreproaches; but when he has thought and pored on it till he is almost mad, having no principles to

support him, nothing within him or above him to comfort him, but finding it all darkness on every side, he

flies to the same relief again, viz. to drink it away, debauch it away, and falling into company of men in just

the same condition with himself, he repeats the crime, and thus he goes every day one step onward of his way

I was not wicked enough for such fellows as these yet. On the contrary, I began to consider here very

seriously what I had to do; how things stood with me, and what course I ought to take. I knew I had no

friends, no, not one friend or relation in the world; and that little I had left apparently wasted, which when it

was gone, I saw nothing but misery and starving was before me. Upon these considerations, I say, and filled

with horror at the place I was in, and the dreadful objects which I had always before me, I resolved to be

I had made an acquaintance with a very sober, good sort of a woman, who was a widow too, like me, but in

better circumstances. Her husband had been a captain of a merchant ship, and having had the misfortune to be

cast away coming home on a voyage from the West Indies, which would have been very profitable if he had

come safe, was so reduced by the loss, that though he had saved his life then, it broke his heart, and killed

him afterwards; and his widow, being pursued by the creditors, was forced to take shelter in the Mint. She

soon made things up with the help of friends, and was at liberty again; and finding that I rather was there to

be concealed, than by any particular prosecutions and finding also that I agreed with her, or rather she with

me, in a just abhorrence of the place and of the company, she invited to go home with her till I could put

myself in some posture of settling in the world to my mind; withal telling me, that it was ten to one but some

good captain of a ship might take a fancy to me, and court me, in that part of the town where she lived.

I accepted her offer, and was with her half a year, and should have been longer, but in that interval what she

proposed to me happened to herself, and she married very much to her advantage. But whose fortune soever

was upon the increase, mine seemed to be upon the wane, and I found nothing present, except two or three

boatswains, or such fellows, but as for the commanders, they were generally of two sorts: 1. Such as, having

good business, that is to say, a good ship, resolved not to marry but with advantage, that is, with a good

fortune; 2. Such as, being out of employ, wanted a wife to help them to a ship; I mean (1) a wife who, having

some money, could enable them to hold, as they call it, a good part of a ship themselves, so to encourage

owners to come in; or (2) a wife who, if she had not money, had friends who were concerned in shipping, and

so could help to put the young man into a good ship, which to them is as good as a portion; and neither of

This knowledge I soon learned by experience, viz. that the state of things was altered as to matrimony, and

that I was not to expect at London what I had found in the country: that marriages were here the

consequences of politic schemes for forming interests, and carrying on business, and that Love had no share,

That as my sisterinlaw at Colchester had said, beauty, wit, manners, sense, good humour, good behaviour,

education, virtue, piety, or any other qualification, whether of body or mind, had no power to recommend;

that money only made a woman agreeable; that men chose mistresses indeed by the gust of their affection,

and it was requisite to a whore to be handsome, wellshaped, have a good mien and a graceful behaviour; but

that for a wife, no deformity would shock the fancy, no ill qualities the judgment; the money was the thing;

the portion was neither crooked nor monstrous, but the money was always agreeable, whatever the wife was.

On the other hand, as the market ran very unhappily on the men's side, I found the women had lost the

privilege of saying No; that it was a favour now for a woman to have the Question asked, and if any young

lady had so much arrogance as to counterfeit a negative, she never had the opportunity given her of denying

twice, much less of recovering that false step, and accepting what she had but seemed to decline. The men

had such choice everywhere, that the case of the women was very unhappy; for they seemed to ply at every

door, and if the man was by great chance refused at one house, he was sure to be received at the next.

Besides this, I observed that the men made no scruple to set themselves out, and to go afortunehunting, as

they call it, when they had really no fortune themselves to demand it, or merit to deserve it; and that they

carried it so high, that a woman was scarce allowed to inquire after the character or estate of the person that

pretended to her. This I had an example of, in a young lady in the next house to me, and with whom I had

contracted an intimacy; she was courted by a young captain, and though she had near #2000 to her fortune,

she did but inquire of some of his neighbours about his character, his morals, or substance, and he took

occasion at the next visit to let her know, truly, that he took it very ill, and that he should not give her the

trouble of his visits any more. I heard of it, and I had begun my acquaintance with her, I went to see her upon

it. She entered into a close conversation with me about it, and unbosomed herself very freely. I perceived

presently that though she thought herself very ill used, yet she had no power to resent it, and was exceedingly

piqued that she had lost him, and particularly that another of less fortune had gained him.

I fortified her mind against such a meanness, as I called it; I told her, that as low as I was in the world, I

would have despised a man that should think I ought to take him upon his own recommendation only,

without having the liberty to inform myself of his fortune and of his character; also I told her, that as she had

a good fortune, she had no need to stoop to the disaster of the time; that it was enough that the men could

insult us that had but little money to recommend us, but if she suffered such an affront to pass upon her

without resenting it, she would be rendered lowprized upon all occasions, and would be the contempt of all

the women in that part of the town; that a woman can never want an opportunity to be revenged of a man that

has used her ill, and that there were ways enough to humble such a fellow as that, or else certainly women

I found she was very well pleased with the discourse, and she told me seriously that she would be very glad

to make him sensible of her just resentment, and either to bring him on again, or have the satisfaction of her

I told her, that if she would take my advice, I would tell her how she should obtain her wishes in both those

things, and that I would engage I would bring the man to her door again, and make him beg to be let in. She

smiled at that, and soon let me see, that if he came to her door, her resentment was not so great as to give her

However, she listened very willingly to my offer of advice; so I told her that the first thing she ought to do

was a piece of justice to herself, namely, that whereas she had been told by several people that he had

reported among the ladies that he had left her, and pretended to give the advantage of the negative to himself,

she should take care to have it well spread among the womenwhich she could not fail of an opportunity to

do in a neighbourhood so addicted to family news as that she live in wasthat she had inquired into his

circumstances, and found he was not the man as to estate he pretended to be. 'Let them be told, madam,' said

I, 'that you had been well informed that he was not the man that you expected, and that you thought it was not

safe to meddle with him; that you heard he was of an ill temper, and that he boasted how he had used the

women ill upon many occasions, and that particularly he was debauched in his morals', etc. The last of which,

indeed, had some truth in it; but at the same time I did not find that she seemed to like him much the worse

As I had put this into her head, she came most readily into it. Immediately she went to work to find

instruments, and she had very little difficulty in the search, for telling her story in general to a couple of

gossips in the neighbourhood, it was the chat of the teatable all over that part of the town, and I met with it

wherever I visited; also, as it was known that I was acquainted with the young lady herself, my opinion was

asked very often, and I confirmed it with all the necessary aggravations, and set out his character in the

blackest colours; but then as a piece of secret intelligence, I added, as what the other gossips knew nothing of,

viz. that I had heard he was in very bad circumstances; that he was under a necessity of a fortune to support

his interest with the owners of the ship he commanded; that his own part was not paid for, and if it was not

paid quickly, his owners would put him out of the ship, and his chief mate was likely to command it, who

I added, for I confess I was heartily piqued at the rogue, as I called him, that I had heard a rumour, too, that

he had a wife alive at Plymouth, and another in the West Indies, a thing which they all knew was not very

This worked as we both desire it, for presently the young lady next door, who had a father and mother that

governed both her and her fortune, was shut up, and her father forbid him the house. Also in one place more

where he went, the woman had the courage, however strange it was, to say No; and he could try nowhere but

he was reproached with his pride, and that he pretended not to give the women leave to inquire into his

Well, by this time he began to be sensible of his mistake; and having alarmed all the women on that side of

the water, he went over to Ratcliff, and got access to some of the ladies there; but though the young women

there too were, according to the fate of the day, pretty willing to be asked, yet such was his illluck, that his

character followed him over the water and his good name was much the same there as it was on our side; so

that though he might have had wives enough, yet it did not happen among the women that had good fortunes,

But this was not all; she very ingeniously managed another thing herself, for she got a young gentleman, who

as a relation, and was indeed a married man, to come and visit her two or three times a week in a very fine

chariot and good liveries, and her two agents, and I also, presently spread a report all over, that this

gentleman came to court her; that he was a gentleman of a #1000 a year, and that he was fallen in love with

her, and that she was going to her aunt's in the city, because it was inconvenient for the gentleman to come to

This took immediately. The captain was laughed at in all companies, and was ready to hang himself. He tried

all the ways possible to come at her again, and wrote the most passionate letters to her in the world, excusing

his former rashness; and in short, by great application, obtained leave to wait on her again, as he said, to clear

At this meeting she had her full revenge of him; for she told him she wondered what he took her to be, that

she should admit any man to a treaty of so much consequence as that to marriage, without inquiring very well

into his circumstances; that if he thought she was to be huffed into wedlock, and that she was in the same

circumstances which her neighbours might be in, viz. to take up with the first good Christian that came, he

was mistaken; that, in a word, his character was really bad, or he was very ill beholden to his neighbours; and

that unless he could clear up some points, in which she had justly been prejudiced, she had no more to say to

him, but to do herself justice, and give him the satisfaction of knowing that she was not afraid to say No,

With that she told him what she had heard, or rather raised herself by my means, of his character; his not

having paid for the part he pretended to own of the ship he commanded; of the resolution of his owners to put

him out of the command, and to put his mate in his stead; and of the scandal raised on his morals; his having

been reproached with suchandsuch women, and having a wife at Plymouth and in the West Indies, and the

like; and she asked him whether he could deny that she had good reason, if these things were not cleared up,

to refuse him, and in the meantime to insist upon having satisfaction in points to significant as they were.

He was so confounded at her discourse that he could not answer a word, and she almost began to believe that

all was true, by his disorder, though at the same time she knew that she had been the raiser of all those reports

After some time he recovered himself a little, and from that time became the most humble, the most modest,

She carried her jest on a great way. She asked him, if he thought she was so at her last shift that she could or

ought to bear such treatment, and if he did not see that she did not want those who thought it worth their

while to come farther to her than he did; meaning the gentleman whom she had brought to visit her by way of

She brought him by these tricks to submit to all possible measures to satisfy her, as well of his circumstances

as of his behaviour. He brought her undeniable evidence of his having paid for his part of the ship; he brought

her certificates from his owners, that the report of their intending to remove him from the command of the

ship and put his chief mate in was false and groundless; in short, he was quite the reverse of what he was

Thus I convinced her, that if the men made their advantage of our sex in the affair of marriage, upon the

supposition of there being such choice to be had, and of the women being so easy, it was only owing to this,

that the women wanted courage to maintain their ground and to play their part; and that, according to my

After these things this young lady played her part so well, that though she resolved to have him, and that

indeed having him was the main bent of her design, yet she made his obtaining her be to him the most

difficult thing in the world; and this she did, not by a haughty reserved carriage, but by a just policy, turning

the tables upon him, and playing back upon him his own game; for as he pretended, by a kind of lofty

carriage, to place himself above the occasion of a character, and to make inquiring into his character a kind of

an affront to him, she broke with him upon that subject, and at the same time that she make him submit to all

possible inquiry after his affairs, she apparently shut the door against his looking into her own.

It was enough to him to obtain her for a wife. As to what she had, she told him plainly, that as he knew her

circumstances, it was but just she should know his; and though at the same time he had only known her

circumstances by common fame, yet he had made so many protestations of his passion for her, that he could

ask no more but her hand to his grand request, and the like ramble according to the custom of lovers. In short,

he left himself no room to ask any more questions about her estate, and she took the advantage of it like a

prudent woman, for she placed part of her fortune so in trustees, without letting him know anything of it, that

It is true she was pretty well besides, that is to say, she had about #1400 in money, which she gave him; and

the other, after some time, she brought to light as a perquisite to herself, which he was to accept as a mighty

favour, seeing though it was not to be his, it might ease him in the article of her particular expenses; and I

must add, that by this conduct the gentleman himself became not only the more humble in his applications to

her to obtain her, but also was much the more an obliging husband to her when he had her. I cannot but

remind the ladies here how much they place themselves below the common station of a wife, which, if I may

be allowed not to be partial, is low enough already; I say, they place themselves below their common station,

and prepare their own mortifications, by their submitting so to be insulted by the men beforehand, which I

This relation may serve, therefore, to let the ladies see that the advantage is not so much on the other side as

the men think it is; and though it may be true that the men have but too much choice among us, and that some

women may be found who will dishonour themselves, be cheap, and easy to come at, and will scarce wait to

be asked, yet if they will have women, as I may say, worth having, they may find them as uncomeatable as

ever and that those that are otherwise are a sort of people that have such deficiencies, when had, as rather

recommend the ladies that are difficult than encourage the men to go on with their easy courtship, and expect

Nothing is more certain than that the ladies always gain of the men by keeping their ground, and letting their

pretended lovers see they can resent being slighted, and that they are not afraid of saying No. They, I observe,

insult us mightily with telling us of the number of women; that the wars, and the sea, and trade, and other

incidents have carried the men so much away, that there is no proportion between the numbers of the sexes,

and therefore the women have the disadvantage; but I am far from granting that the number of women is so

great, or the number of men so small; but if they will have me tell the truth, the disadvantage of the women is

a terrible scandal upon the men, and it lies here, and here only; namely, that the age is so wicked, and the sex

so debauched, that, in short, the number of such men as an honest woman ought to meddle with is small

indeed, and it is but here and there that a man is to be found who is fit for a woman to venture upon.

But the consequence even of that too amounts to no more than this, that women ought to be the more nice; for

how do we know the just character of the man that makes the offer? To say that the woman should be the

more easy on this occasion, is to say we should be the forwarder to venture because of the greatness of the

On the contrary, the women have ten thousand times the more reason to be wary and backward, by how much

the hazard of being betrayed is the greater; and would the ladies consider this, and act the wary part, they

would discover every cheat that offered; for, in short, the lives of very few men nowadays will bear a

character; and if the ladies do but make a little inquiry, they will soon be able to distinguish the men and

deliver themselves. As for women that do not think they own safety worth their though, that, impatient of

their perfect state, resolve, as they call it, to take the first good Christian that comes, that run into matrimony

as a horse rushes into the battle, I can say nothing to them but this, that they are a sort of ladies that are to be

prayed for among the rest of distempered people, and to me they look like people that venture their whole

No man of commonsense will value a woman the less for not giving up herself at the first attack, or for

accepting his proposal without inquiring into his person or character; on the contrary, he must think her the

weakest of all creatures in the world, as the rate of men now goes. In short, he must have a very contemptible

opinion of her capacities, nay, every of her understanding, that, having but one case of her life, shall call that

I would fain have the conduct of my sex a little regulated in this particular, which is the thing in which, of all

the parts of life, I think at this time we suffer most in; 'tis nothing but lack of courage, the fear of not being

married at all, and of that frightful state of life called an old maid, of which I have a story to tell by itself.

This, I say, is the woman's snare; but would the ladies once but get above that fear and manage rightly, they

would more certainly avoid it by standing their ground, in a case so absolutely necessary to their felicity, that

by exposing themselves as they do; and if they did not marry so soon as they may do otherwise, they would

make themselves amends by marrying safer. She is always married too soon who gets a bad husband, and she

is never married too late who gets a good one; in a word, there is no woman, deformity or lost reputation

excepted, but if she manages well, may be married safely one time or other; but if she precipitates herself, it

But I come now to my own case, in which there was at this time no little nicety. The circumstances I was in

made the offer of a good husband the most necessary thing in the world to me, but I found soon that to be

made cheap and easy was not the way. It soon began to be found that the widow had no fortune, and to say

this was to say all that was ill of me, for I began to be dropped in all the discourses of matrimony. Being

wellbred, handsome, witty, modest, and agreeable; all which I had allowed to my characterwhether justly

or no is not the purposeI say, all these would not do without the dross, which way now become more

I resolved, therefore, as to the state of my present circumstances, that it was absolutely necessary to change

my station, and make a new appearance in some other place where I was not known, and even to pass by

I communicated my thoughts to my intimate friend, the captain's lady, whom I had so faithfully served in her

case with the captain, and who was as ready to serve me in the same kind as I could desire. I made no scruple

to lay my circumstances open to her; my stock was but low, for I had made but about #540 at the close of my

last affair, and I had wasted some of that; however, I had about #460 left, a great many very rich clothes, a

gold watch, and some jewels, though of no extraordinary value, and about #30 or #40 left in linen not

My dear and faithful friend, the captain's wife, was so sensible of the service I had done her in the affair

above, that she was not only a steady friend to me, but, knowing my circumstances, she frequently made me

presents as money came into her hands, such as fully amounted to a maintenance, so that I spent none of my

own; and at last she made this unhappy proposal to me, viz. that as we had observed, as above, how the men

made no scruple to set themselves out as persons meriting a woman of fortune, when they had really no

fortune of their own, it was but just to deal with them in their own way and, if it was possible, to deceive the

The captain's lady, in short, put this project into my head, and told me if I would be ruled by her I should

certainly get a husband of fortune, without leaving him any room to reproach me with want of my own. I told

her, as I had reason to do, that I would give up myself wholly to her directions, and that I would have neither

tongue to speak nor feet to step in that affair but as she should direct me, depending that she would extricate

me out of every difficulty she brought me into, which she said she would answer for.

The first step she put me upon was to call her cousin, and to to a relation's house of hers in the country, where

she directed me, and where she brought her husband to visit me; and calling me cousin, she worked matters

so about, that her husband and she together invited me most passionately to come to town and be with them,

for they now live in a quite different place from where they were before. In the next place, she tells her

husband that I had at least #1500 fortune, and that after some of my relations I was like to have a great deal

It was enough to tell her husband this; there needed nothing on my side. I was but to sit still and wait the

event, for it presently went all over the neighbourhood that the young widow at Captain 's was a

fortune, that she had at least #1500, and perhaps a great deal more, and that the captain said so; and if the

captain was asked at any timeabout me, he made no scruple to affirm it, though he knew not one word of the

matter, other than that his wife had told him so; and in this he thought no harm, for he really believed it to be

so, because he had it from his wife: so slender a foundation will those fellows build upon, if they do but think

there is a fortune in the game. With the reputation of this fortune, I presently found myself blessed with

admirers enough, and that I had my choice of men, as scarce as they said they were, which, by the way,

confirms what I was saying before. This being my case, I, who had a subtle game to play, had nothing now to

do but to single out from them all the properest man that might be for my purpose; that is to say, the man who

was most likely to depend upon the hearsay of a fortune, and not inquire too far into the particulars; and

I picked out my man without much difficulty, by the judgment I made of his way of courting me. I had let

him run on with his protestations and oaths that he loved me above all the world; that if I would make him

happy, that was enough; all which I knew was upon supposition, nay, it was upon a full satisfaction, that I

This was my man; but I was to try him to the bottom, and indeed in that consisted my safety; for if he

baulked, I knew I was undone, as surely as he was undone if he took me; and if I did not make some scruple

about his fortune, it was the way to lead him to raise some about mine; and first, therefore, I pretended on all

occasions to doubt his sincerity, and told him, perhaps he only courted me for my fortune. He stopped my

mouth in that part with the thunder of his protestations, as above, but still I pretended to doubt.

One morning he pulls off his diamond ring, and writes upon the glass of the sash in my chamber this line

He coloured as red as fire to see me turn so quick upon him, and in a kind of a rage told me he would conquer

I ventured all upon the last cast of poetry, as you'll see, for I wrote boldly under his last

This was a sad truth to me; whether he believed me or no, I could not tell; I supposed then that he did not.

However, he flew to me, took me in his arms, and, kissing me very eagerly, and with the greatest passion

imaginable, he held me fast till he called for a pen and ink, and then told me he could not wait the tedious

writing on the glass, but, pulling out a piece of paper, he began and wrote again

He told me that was unkind, because it was not just, and that I put him upon contradicting me, which did not

consist with good manners, any more than with his affection; and therefore, since I had insensibly drawn him

into this poetical scribble, he begged I would not oblige him to break it off; so he writes again

This he took for a favour, and so laid down the cudgels, that is to say, the pen; I say, he took if for a favour,

and a mighty one it was, if he had known all. However, he took it as I meant it, that is, to let him think I was

inclined to go on with him, as indeed I had all the reason in the world to do, for he was the besthumoured,

merry sort of a fellow that I ever met with, and I often reflected on myself how doubly criminal it was to

deceive such a man; but that necessity, which pressed me to a settlement suitable to my condition, was my

authority for it; and certainly his affection to me, and the goodness of his temper, however they might argue

against using him ill, yet they strongly argued to me that he would better take the disappointment than some

fierytempered wretch, who might have nothing to recommend him but those passions which would serve

Besides, though I jested with him (as he supposed it) so often about my poverty, yet, when he found it to be

true, he had foreclosed all manner of objection, seeing, whether he was in jest or in earnest, he had declared

he took me without any regard to my portion, and, whether I was in jest or in earnest, I had declared myself to

be very poor; so that, in a word, I had him fast both ways; and though he might say afterwards he was

He pursued me close after this, and as I saw there was no need to fear losing him, I played the indifferent part

with him longer than prudence might otherwise have dictated to me. But I considered how much this caution

and indifference would give me the advantage over him, when I should come to be under the necessity of

owning my own circumstances to him; and I managed it the more warily, because I found he inferred from

thence, as indeed he ought to do, that I either had the more money or the more judgment, and would not

I took the freedom one day, after we had talked pretty close to the subject, to tell him that it was true I had

received the compliment of a lover from him, namely, that he would take me without inquiring into my

fortune, and I would make him a suitable return in this, viz. that I would make as little inquiry into his as

consisted with reason, but I hoped he would allow me to ask a few questions, which he would answer or not

as he thought fit; and that I would not be offended if he did not answer me at all; one of these questions

related to our manner of living, and the place where, because I had heard he had a great plantation in

Virginia, and that he had talked of going to live there, and I told him I did not care to be transported.

He began from this discourse to let me voluntarily into all his affairs, and to tell me in a frank, open way all

his circumstances, by which I found he was very well to pass in the world; but that great part of his estate

consisted of three plantations, which he had in Virginia, which brought him in a very good income, generally

speaking, to the tune of #300, a year, but that if he was to live upon them, would bring him in four times as

much. 'Very well,' thought I; 'you shall carry me thither as soon as you please, though I won't tell you so

I jested with him extremely about the figure he would make in Virginia; but I found he would do anything I

desired, though he did not seem glad to have me undervalue his plantations, so I turned my tale. I told him I

had good reason not to go there to live, because if his plantations were worth so much there, I had not a

fortune suitable to a gentleman of #1200 a year, as he said his estate would be.

He replied generously, he did not ask what my fortune was; he had told me from the beginning he would not,

and he would be as good as his word; but whatever it was, he assured me he would never desire me to go to

Virginia with him, or go thither himself without me, unless I was perfectly willing, and made it my choice.

All this, you may be sure, was as I wished, and indeed nothing could have happened more perfectly

agreeable. I carried it on as far as this with a sort of indifferency that he often wondered at, more than at first,

but which was the only support of his courtship; and I mention it the rather to intimate again to the ladies that

nothing but want of courage for such an indifferency makes our sex so cheap, and prepares them to be

illused as they are; would they venture the loss of a pretending fop now and then, who carries it high upon

the point of his own merit, they would certainly be less slighted, and courted more. Had I discovered really

and truly what my great fortune was, and that in all I had not full #500 when he expected #1500, yet I had

hooked him so fast, and played him so long, that I was satisfied he would have had me in my worst

circumstances; and indeed it was less a surprise to him when he learned the truth than it would have been,

because having not the least blame to lay on me, who had carried it with an air of indifference to the last, he

would not say one word, except that indeed he thought it had been more, but that if it had been less he did not

repent his bargain; only that he should not be able to maintain me so well as he intended.

In short, we were married, and very happily married on my side, I assure you, as to the man; for he was the

besthumoured man that every woman had, but his circumstances were not so good as I imagined, as, on the

When we were married, I was shrewdly put to it to bring him that little stock I had, and to let him see it was

no more; but there was a necessity for it, so I took my opportunity one day when we were alone, to enter into

a short dialogue with him about it. 'My dear,' said I, 'we have been married a fortnight; is it not time to let you

know whether you have got a wife with something or with nothing?' 'Your own time for that, my dear,' says

he; 'I am satisfied that I have got the wife I love; I have not troubled you much,' says he, 'with my inquiry

'That's true,' says I, 'but I have a great difficulty upon me about it, which I scarce know how to manage.'

'Why,' says I, ''tis a little hard upon me, and 'tis harder upon you. I am told that Captain ' (meaning my

friend's husband) 'has told you I had a great deal more money than I ever pretended to have, and I am sure I

'Well,' says he, 'Captain may have told me so, but what then? If you have not so much, that may lie at

his door, but you never told me what you had, so I have no reason to blame you if you have nothing at all.'

'That's is so just,' said I, 'and so generous, that it makes my having but a little a double affliction to me.'

'The less you have, my dear,' says he, 'the worse for us both; but I hope your affliction you speak of is not

caused for fear I should be unkind to you, for want of a portion. No, no, if you have nothing, tell me plainly,

and at once; I may perhaps tell the captain he has cheated me, but I can never say you have cheated me, for

did you not give it under your hand that you were poor? and so I ought to expect you to be.'

'Well,' said I, 'my dear, I am glad I have not been concerned in deceiving you before marriage. If I deceive

you since, 'tis ne'er the worse; that I am poor is too true, but not so poor as to have nothing neither'; so I

pulled out some bank bills, and gave him about #160. 'There's something, my dear,' said I, 'and not quite all

I had brought him so near to expecting nothing, by what I had said before, that the money, though the sum

was small in itself, was doubly welcome to him; he owned it was more than he looked for, and that he did not

question by my discourse to him, but that my fine clothes, gold watch, and a diamond ring or two, had been

I let him please himself with that #160 two or three days, and then, having been abroad that day, and as if I

had been to fetch it, I brought him #100 more home in gold, and told him there was a little more portion for

him; and, in short, in about a week more I brought him #180 more, and about #60 in linen, which I made him

believe I had been obliged to take with the #100 which I gave him in gold, as a composition for a debt of

'And now, my dear,' says I to him, 'I am very sorry to tell you, that there is all, and that I have given you my

whole fortune.' I added, that if the person who had my #600 had not abused me, I had been worth #1000 to

him, but that as it was, I had been faithful to him, and reserved nothing to myself, but if it had been more he

He was so obliged by the manner, and so pleased with the sum, for he had been in a terrible fright lest it had

been nothing at all, that he accepted it very thankfully. And thus I got over the fraud of passing for a fortune

without money, and cheating a man into marrying me on pretence of a fortune; which, by the way, I take to

be one of the most dangerous steps a woman can take, and in which she runs the most hazard of being

My husband, to give him his due, was a man of infinite good nature, but he was no fool; and finding his

income not suited to the manner of living which he had intended, if I had brought him what he expected, and

being under a disappointment in his return of his plantations in Virginia, he discovered many times his

inclination of going over to Virginia, to live upon his own; and often would be magnifying the way of living

I began presently to understand this meaning, and I took him up very plainly one morning, and told him that I

did so; that I found his estate turned to no account at this distance, compared to what it would do if he lived

upon the spot, and that I found he had a mind to go and live there; and I added, that I was sensible he had

been disappointed in a wife, and that finding his expectations not answered that way, I could do no less, to

make him amends, than tell him that I was very willing to go over to Virginia with him and live there.

He said a thousand kind things to me upon the subject of my making such a proposal to him. He told me, that

however he was disappointed in his expectations of a fortune, he was not disappointed in a wife, and that I

was all to him that a wife could be, and he was more than satisfied on the whole when the particulars were

put together, but that this offer was so kind, that it was more than he could express.

To bring the story short, we agreed to go. He told me that he had a very good house there, that it was well

furnished, that his mother was alive and lived in it, and one sister, which was all the relations he had; that as

soon as he came there, his mother would remove to another house, which was her own for life, and his after

her decease; so that I should have all the house to myself; and I found all this to be exactly as he had said.

To make this part of the story short, we put on board the ship which we went in, a large quantity of good

furniture for our house, with stores of linen and other necessaries, and a good cargo for sale, and away we

To give an account of the manner of our voyage, which was long and full of dangers, is out of my way; I kept

no journal, neither did my husband. All that I can say is, that after a terrible passage, frighted twice with

dreadful storms, and once with what was still more terrible, I mean a pirate who came on board and took

away almost all our provisions; and which would have been beyond all to me, they had once taken my

husband to go along with them, but by entreaties were prevailed with to leave him;I say, after all these

terrible things, we arrived in York River in Virginia, and coming to our plantation, we were received with all

the demonstrations of tenderness and affection, by my husband's mother, that were possible to be expressed.

We lived here all together, my motherinlaw, at my entreaty, continuing in the house, for she was too kind a

mother to be parted with; my husband likewise continued the same as at first, and I thought myself the

happiest creature alive, when an odd and surprising event put an end to all that felicity in a moment, and

rendered my condition the most uncomfortable, if not the most miserable, in the world.

My mother was a mighty cheerful, goodhumoured old woman I may call her old woman, for her son was

above thirty; I say she was very pleasant, good company, and used to entertain me, in particular, with

abundance of stories to divert me, as well of the country we were in as of the people.

Among the rest, she often told me how the greatest part of the inhabitants of the colony came thither in very

indifferent circumstances from England; that, generally speaking, they were of two sorts; either, first, such as

were brought over by masters of ships to be sold as servants. 'Such as we call them, my dear,' says she, 'but

they are more properly called slaves.' Or, secondly, such as are transported from Newgate and other prisons,

after having been found guilty of felony and other crimes punishable with death.

'When they come here,' says she, 'we make no difference; the planters buy them, and they work together in

the field till their time is out. When 'tis expired,' said she, 'they have encouragement given them to plant for

themselves; for they have a certain number of acres of land allotted them by the country, and they go to work

to clear and cure the land, and then to plant it with tobacco and corn for their own use; and as the tradesmen

and merchants will trust them with tools and clothes and other necessaries, upon the credit of their crop

before it is grown, so they again plant every year a little more than the year before, and so buy whatever they

'Hence, child,' says she, 'man a Newgatebird becomes a great man, and we have,' continued she, 'several

justices of the peace, officers of the trained bands, and magistrates of the towns they live in, that have been

She was going on with that part of the story, when her own part in it interrupted her, and with a great deal of

goodhumoured confidence she told me she was one of the second sort of inhabitants herself; that she came

away openly, having ventured too far in a particular case, so that she was become a criminal. 'And here's the

mark of it, child,' says she; and, pulling off her glove, 'look ye here,' says she, turning up the palm of her

hand, and showed me a very fine white arm and hand, but branded in the inside of the hand, as in such cases

This story was very moving to me, but my mother, smiling, said, 'You need not thing a thing strange,

daughter, for as I told you, some of the best men in this country are burnt in the hand, and they are not

ashamed to own it. There's Major ,' says she, 'he was an eminent pickpocket; there's Justice Bar,

was a shoplifter, and both of them were burnt in the hand; and I could name you several such as they are.'

We had frequent discourses of this kind, and abundance of instances she gave me of the like. After some

time, as she was telling some stories of one that was transported but a few weeks ago, I began in an intimate

kind of way to ask her to tell me something of her own story, which she did with the utmost plainness and

sincerity; how she had fallen into very ill company in London in her young days, occasioned by her mother

sending her frequently to carry victuals and other relief to a kinswoman of hers who was a prisoner in

Newgate, and who lay in a miserable starving condition, was afterwards condemned to be hanged, but having

Here my motherinlaw ran out in a long account of the wicked practices in that dreadful place, and how it

ruined more young people that all the town besides. 'And child,' says my mother, 'perhaps you may know

little of it, or, it may be, have heard nothing about it; but depend upon it,' says she, 'we all know here that

there are more thieves and rogues made by that one prison of Newgate than by all the clubs and societies of

villains in the nation; 'tis that cursed place,' says my mother, 'that half peopled this colony.'

Here she went on with her own story so long, and in so particular a manner, that I began to be very uneasy;

but coming to one particular that required telling her name, I thought I should have sunk down in the place.

She perceived I was out of order, and asked me if I was not well, and what ailed me. I told her I was so

affected with the melancholy story she had told, and the terrible things she had gone through, that it had

overcome me, and I begged of her to talk no more of it. 'Why, my dear,' says she very kindly, 'what need

these things trouble you? These passages were long before your time, and they give me no trouble at all now;

nay, I look back on them with a particular satisfaction, as they have been a means to bring me to this place.'

Then she went on to tell me how she very luckily fell into a good family, where, behaving herself well, and

her mistress dying, her master married her, by whom she had my husband and his sister, and that by her

diligence and good management after her husband's death, she had improved the plantations to such a degree

as they then were, so that most of the estate was of her getting, not her husband's, for she had been a widow

I heard this part of they story with very little attention, because I wanted much to retire and give vent to my

passions, which I did soon after; and let any one judge what must be the anguish of my mind, when I came to

reflect that this was certainly no more or less than my own mother, and I had now had two children, and was

I was now the most unhappy of all women in the world. Oh! had the story never been told me, all had been

well; it had been no crime to have lain with my husband, since as to his being my relation I had known

I had now such a load on my mind that it kept me perpetually waking; to reveal it, which would have been

some ease to me, I could not find would be to any purpose, and yet to conceal it would be next to impossible;

nay, I did not doubt but I should talk of it in my sleep, and tell my husband of it whether I would or no. If I

discovered it, the least thing I could expect was to lose my husband, for he was too nice and too honest a man

to have continued my husband after he had known I had been his sister; so that I was perplexed to the last

I leave it to any man to judge what difficulties presented to my view. I was away from my native country, at a

distance prodigious, and the return to me unpassable. I lived very well, but in a circumstance insufferable in

itself. If I had discovered myself to my mother, it might be difficult to convince her of the particulars, and I

had no way to prove them. On the other hand, if she had questioned or doubted me, I had been undone, for

the bare suggestion would have immediately separated me from my husband, without gaining my mother or

him, who would have been neither a husband nor a brother; so that between the surprise on one hand, and the

In the meantime, as I was but too sure of the fact, I lived therefore in open avowed incest and whoredom, and

all under the appearance of an honest wife; and though I was not much touched with the crime of it, yet the

action had something in it shocking to nature, and made my husband, as he thought himself, even nauseous to

However, upon the most sedate consideration, I resolved that it was absolutely necessary to conceal it all and

not make the least discovery of it either to mother or husband; and thus I lived with the greatest pressure

During this time my mother used to be frequently telling me old stories of her former adventures, which,

however, were no ways pleasant to me; for by it, though she did not tell it me in plain terms, yet I could

easily understand, joined with what I had heard myself, of my first tutors, that in her younger days she had

been both whore and thief; but I verily believed she had lived to repent sincerely of both, and that she was

Well, let her life have been what it would then, it was certain that my life was very uneasy to me; for I lived,

as I have said, but in the worst sort of whoredom, and as I could expect no good of it, so really no good issue

came of it, and all my seeming prosperity wore off, and ended in misery and destruction. It was some time,

indeed, before it came to this, for, but I know not by what ill fate guided, everything went wrong with us

afterwards, and that which was worse, my husband grew strangely altered, forward, jealous, and unkind, and

I was as impatient of bearing his carriage, as the carriage was unreasonable and unjust. These things

proceeded so far, that we came at last to be in such ill terms with one another, that I claimed a promise of

him, which he entered willingly into with me when I consented to come from England with him, viz. that if I

found the country not to agree with me, or that I did not like to live there, I should come away to England

I say, I now claimed this promise of him, and I must confess I did it not in the most obliging terms that could

be in the world neither; but I insisted that he treated me ill, that I was remote from my friends, and could do

myself no justice, and that he was jealous without cause, my conversation having been unblamable, and he

having no pretense for it, and that to remove to England would take away all occasion from him.

I insisted so peremptorily upon it, that he could not avoid coming to a point, either to keep his word with me

or to break it; and this, notwithstanding he used all the skill he was master of, and employed his mother and

other agents to prevail with me to alter my resolutions; indeed, the bottom of the thing lay at my heart, and

that made all his endeavours fruitless, for my heart was alienated from him as a husband. I loathed the

thoughts of bedding with him, and used a thousand pretenses of illness and humour to prevent his touching

me, fearing nothing more than to be with child by him, which to be sure would have prevented, or at least

However, at last I put him so out of humour, that he took up a rash and fatal resolution; in short, I should not

go to England; and though he had promised me, yet it was an unreasonable thing for me to desire it; that it

would be ruinous to his affairs, would unhinge his whole family, and be next to an undoing him in the world;

that therefore I ought not to desire it of him, and that no wife in the world that valued her family and her

This plunged me again, for when I considered the thing calmly, and took my husband as he really was, a

diligent, careful man in the main work of laying up an estate for his children, and that he knew nothing of the

dreadful circumstances that he was in, I could not but confess to myself that my proposal was very

unreasonable, and what no wife that had the good of her family at heart would have desired.

But my discontents were of another nature; I looked upon him no longer as a husband, but as a near relation,

the son of my own mother, and I resolved somehow or other to be clear of him, but which way I did not

It is said by the illnatured world, of our sex, that if we are set on a thing, it is impossible to turn us from our

resolutions; in short, I never ceased poring upon the means to bring to pass my voyage, and came that length

with my husband at last, as to propose going without him. This provoked him to the last degree, and he called

me not only an unkind wife, but an unnatural mother, and asked me how I could entertain such a thought

without horror, as that of leaving my two children (for one was dead) without a mother, and to be brought up

by strangers, and never to see them more. It was true, had things been right, I should not have done it, but

now it was my real desire never to see them, or him either, any more; and as to the charge of unnatural, I

could easily answer it to myself, while I knew that the whole relation was unnatural in the highest degree in

However, it was plain there was no bringing my husband to anything; he would neither go with me nor let me

go without him, and it was quite out of my power to stir without his consent, as any one that knows the

We had many family quarrels about it, and they began in time to grow up to a dangerous height; for as I was

quite estranged form my husband (as he was called) in affection, so I took no heed to my words, but

sometimes gave him language that was provoking; and, in short, strove all I could to bring him to a parting

He took my carriage very ill, and indeed he might well do so, for at last I refused to bed with him, and

carrying on the breach upon all occasions to extremity, he told me once he thought I was mad, and if I did not

alter my conduct, he would put me under cure; that is to say, into a madhouse. I told him he should find I was

far enough from mad, and that it was not in his power, or any other villain's, to murder me. I confess at the

same time I was heartily frighted at his thoughts of putting me into a madhouse, which would at once have

destroyed all the possibility of breaking the truth out, whatever the occasion might be; for that then no one

This therefore brought me to a resolution, whatever came of it, to lay open my whole case; but which way to

do it, or to whom, was an inextricable difficulty, and took me many months to resolve. In the meantime,

another quarrel with my husband happened, which came up to such a mad extreme as almost pushed me on to

tell it him all to his face; but though I kept it in so as not to come to the particulars, I spoke so much as put

He began with a calm expostulation upon my being so resolute to go to England; I defended it, and one hard

word bringing on another, as is usual in all family strife, he told me I did not treat him as if he was my

husband, or talk of my children as if I was a mother; and, in short, that I did not deserve to be used as a wife;

that he had used all the fair means possible with me; that he had argued with all the kindness and calmness

that a husband or a Christian ought to do, and that I made him such a vile return, that I treated him rather like

a dog than a man, and rather like the most contemptible stranger than a husband; that he was very loth to use

violence with me, but that, in short, he saw a necessity of it now, and that for the future he should be obliged

My blood was now fired to the utmost, though I knew what he had said was very true, and nothing could

appear more provoked. I told him, for his fair means and his foul, they were equally contemned by me; that

for my going to England, I was resolved on it, come what would; and that as to treating him not like a

husband, and not showing myself a mother to my children, there might be something more in it than he

understood at present; but, for his further consideration, I thought fit to tell him thus much, that he neither

was my lawful husband, nor they lawful children, and that I had reason to regard neither of them more than I

I confess I was moved to pity him when I spoke it, for he turned pale as death, and stood mute as one

thunderstruck, and once or twice I thought he would have fainted; in short, it put him in a fit something like

an apoplex; he trembled, a sweat or dew ran off his face, and yet he was cold as a clod, so that I was forced to

run and fetch something for him to keep life in him. When he recovered of that, he grew sick and vomited,

and in a little after was put to bed, and the next morning was, as he had been indeed all night, in a violent

However, it went off again, and he recovered, though but slowly, and when he came to be a little better, he

told me I had given him a mortal wound with my tongue, and he had only one thing to ask before he desired

an explanation. I interrupted him, and told him I was sorry I had gone so far, since I saw what disorder it put

him into, but I desired him not to talk to me of explanations, for that would but make things worse.

This heightened his impatience, and, indeed, perplexed him beyond all bearing; for now he began to suspect

that there was some mystery yet unfolded, but could not make the least guess at the real particulars of it; all

that ran in his brain was, that I had another husband alive, which I could not say in fact might not be true, but

I assured him, however, there was not the least of that in it; and indeed, as to my other husband, he was

effectually dead in law to me, and had told me I should look on him as such, so I had not the least uneasiness

But now I found the thing too far gone to conceal it much longer, and my husband himself gave me an

opportunity to ease myself of the secret, much to my satisfaction. He had laboured with me three or four

weeks, but to no purpose, only to tell him whether I had spoken these words only as the effect of my passion,

to put him in a passion, or whether there was anything of truth in the bottom of them. But I continued

inflexible, and would explain nothing, unless he would first consent to my going to England, which he would

never do, he said, while he lived; on the other hand, I said it was in my power to make him willing when I

pleasednay, to make him entreat me to go; and this increased his curiosity, and made him importunate to

At length he tells all this story to his mother, and sets her upon me to get the main secret out of me, and she

used her utmost skill with me indeed; but I put her to a full stop at once by telling her that the reason and

mystery of the whole matter lay in herself, and that it was my respect to her that had made me conceal it; and

that, in short, I could go no farther, and therefore conjured her not to insist upon it.

She was struck dumb at this suggestion, and could not tell what to say or to think; but, laying aside the

supposition as a policy of mine, continued her importunity on account of her son, and, if possible, to make up

the breach between us two. As to that, I told her that it was indeed a good design in her, but that it was

impossible to be done; and that if I should reveal to her the truth of what she desired, she would grant it to be

impossible, and cease to desire it. At last I seemed to be prevailed on by her importunity, and told her I dared

trust her with a secret of the greatest importance, and she would soon see that this was so, and that I would

consent to lodge it in her breast, if she would engage solemnly not to acquaint her son with it without my

She was long in promising this part, but rather than not come at the main secret, she agreed to that too, and

after a great many other preliminaries, I began, and told her the whole story. First I told her how much she

was concerned in all the unhappy breach which had happened between her son and me, by telling me her own

story and her London name; and that the surprise she saw I was in was upon that occasion. The I told her my

own story, and my name, and assured her, by such other tokens as she could not deny, that I was no other, nor

more or less, than her own child, her daughter, born of her body in Newgate; the same that had saved her

from the gallows by being in her belly, and the same that she left in suchandsuch hands when she was

It is impossible to express the astonishment she was in; she was not inclined to believe the story, or to

remember the particulars, for she immediately foresaw the confusion that must follow in the family upon it.

But everything concurred so exactly with the stories she had told me of herself, and which, if she had not told

me, she would perhaps have been content to have denied, that she had stopped her own mouth, and she had

nothing to do but to take me about the neck and kiss me, and cry most vehemently over me, without speaking

one word for a long time together. At last she broke out: 'Unhappy child!' says she, 'what miserable chance

could bring thee hither? and in the arms of my own son, too! Dreadful girl,' says she, 'why, we are all undone!

Married to thy own brother! Three children, and two alive, all of the same flesh and blood! My son and my

daughter lying together as husband and wife! All confusion and distraction for ever! Miserable family! what

will become of us? What is to be said? What is to be done?' And thus she ran on for a great while; nor had I

any power to speak, or if I had, did I know what to say, for every word wounded me to the soul. With this

kind of amazement on our thoughts we parted for the first time, though my mother was more surprised than I

was, because it was more news to her than to me. However, she promised again to me at parting, that she

It was not long, you may be sure, before we had a second conference upon the same subject; when, as if she

had been willing to forget the story she had told me of herself, or to suppose that I had forgot some of the

particulars, she began to tell them with alterations and omissions; but I refreshed her memory and set her to

rights in many things which I supposed she had forgot, and then came in so opportunely with the whole

history, that it was impossible for her to go from it; and then she fell into her rhapsodies again, and

exclamations at the severity of her misfortunes. When these things were a little over with her, we fell into a

close debate about what should be first done before we gave an account of the matter to my husband. But to

what purpose could be all our consultations? We could neither of us see our way through it, nor see how it

could be safe to open such a scene to him. It was impossible to make any judgment, or give any guess at what

temper he would receive it in, or what measures he would take upon it; and if he should have so little

government of himself as to make it public, we easily foresaw that it would be the ruin of the whole family,

and expose my mother and me to the last degree; and if at last he should take the advantage the law would

give him, he might put me away with disdain and leave me to sue for the little portion that I had, and perhaps

waste it all in the suit, and then be a beggar; the children would be ruined too, having no legal claim to any of

his effects; and thus I should see him, perhaps, in the arms of another wife in a few months, and be myself the

My mother was as sensible of this as I; and, upon the whole, we knew not what to do. After some time we

came to more sober resolutions, but then it was with this misfortune too, that my mother's opinion and mine

were quite different from one another, and indeed inconsistent with one another; for my mother's opinion

was, that I should bury the whole thing entirely, and continue to live with him as my husband till some other

event should make the discovery of it more convenient; and that in the meantime she would endeavour to

reconcile us together again, and restore our mutual comfort and family peace; that we might lie as we used to

do together, and so let the whole matter remain a secret as close as death. 'For, child,' says she, 'we are both

To encourage me to this, she promised to make me easy in my circumstances, as far as she was able, and to

leave me what she could at her death, secured for me separately from my husband; so that if it should come

out afterwards, I should not be left destitute, but be able to stand on my own feet and procure justice from

This proposal did not agree at all with my judgment of the thing, though it was very fair and kind in my

As to keeping the thing in our own breasts, and letting it all remain as it was, I told her it was impossible; and

I asked her how she could think I could bear the thoughts of lying with my own brother. In the next place, I

told her that her being alive was the only support of the discovery, and that while she owned me for her child,

and saw reason to be satisfied that I was so, nobody else would doubt it; but that if she should die before the

discovery, I should be taken for an impudent creature that had forged such a thing to go away from my

husband, or should be counted crazed and distracted. Then I told her how he had threatened already to put me

into a madhouse, and what concern I had been in about it, and how that was the thing that drove me to the

From all which I told her, that I had, on the most serious reflections I was able to make in the case, come to

this resolution, which I hoped she would like, as a medium between both, viz. that she should use her

endeavours with her son to give me leave to go to England, as I had desired, and to furnish me with a

sufficient sum of money, either in goods along with me, or in bills for my support there, all along suggesting

That when I was gone, she should then, in cold blood, and after first obliging him in the solemnest manner

possible to secrecy, discover the case to him, doing it gradually, and as her own discretion should guide her,

so that he might not be surprised with it, and fly out into any passions and excesses on my account, or on

hers; and that she should concern herself to prevent his slighting the children, or marrying again, unless he

This was my scheme, and my reasons were good; I was really alienated from him in the consequences of

these things; indeed, I mortally hated him as a husband, and it was impossible to remove that riveted aversion

I had to him. At the same time, it being an unlawful, incestuous living, added to that aversion, and though I

had no great concern about it in point of conscience, yet everything added to make cohabiting with him the

most nauseous thing to me in the world; and I think verily it was come to such a height, that I could almost as

willingly have embraced a dog as have let him offer anything of that kind to me, for which reason I could not

bear the thoughts of coming between the sheets with him. I cannot say that I was right in point of policy in

carrying it such a length, while at the same time I did not resolve to discover the thing to him; but I am giving

In their directly opposite opinion to one another my mother and I continued a long time, and it was

impossible to reconcile our judgments; many disputes we had about it, but we could never either of us yield

I insisted on my aversion to lying with my own brother, and she insisted upon its being impossible to bring

him to consent to my going from him to England; and in this uncertainty we continued, not differing so as to

quarrel, or anything like it, but so as not to be able to resolve what we should do to make up that terrible

At last I resolved on a desperate course, and told my mother my resolution, viz. that, in short, I would tell him

of it myself. My mother was frighted to the last degree at the very thoughts of it; but I bid her be easy, told

her I would do it gradually and softly, and with all the art and goodhumour I was mistress of, and time it

also as well as I could, taking him in goodhumour too. I told her I did not question but, if I could be

hypocrite enough to feign more affection to him than I really had, I should succeed in all my design, and we

might part by consent, and with a good agreement, for I might live him well enough for a brother, though I

All this while he lay at my mother to find out, if possible, what was the meaning of that dreadful expression

of mine, as he called it, which I mentioned before: namely, that I was not his lawful wife, nor my children his

legal children. My mother put him off, told him she could bring me to no explanations, but found there was

something that disturbed me very much, and she hoped she should get it out of me in time, and in the

meantime recommended to him earnestly to use me more tenderly, and win me with his usual good carriage;

told him of his terrifying and affrighting me with his threats of sending me to a madhouse, and the like, and

He promised her to soften his behaviour, and bid her assure me that he loved me as well as ever, and that he

had so such design as that of sending me to a madhouse, whatever he might say in his passion; also he desired

my mother to use the same persuasions to me too, that our affections might be renewed, and we might lie

I found the effects of this treaty presently. My husband's conduct was immediately altered, and he was quite

another man to me; nothing could be kinder and more obliging than he was to me upon all occasions; and I

could do no less than make some return to it, which I did as well as I could, but it was but in an awkward

manner at best, for nothing was more frightful to me than his caresses, and the apprehensions of being with

child again by him was ready to throw me into fits; and this made me see that there was an absolute necessity

of breaking the case to him without any more delay, which, however, I did with all the caution and reserve

He had continued his altered carriage to me near a month, and we began to live a new kind of life with one

another; and could I have satisfied myself to have gone on with it, I believe it might have continued as long

as we had continued alive together. One evening, as we were sitting and talking very friendly together under

a little awning, which served as an arbour at the entrance from our house into the garden, he was in a very

pleasant, agreeable humour, and said abundance of kind things to me relating to the pleasure of our present

good agreement, and the disorders of our past breach, and what a satisfaction it was to him that we had room

I fetched a deep sigh, and told him there was nobody in the world could be more delighted than I was in the

good agreement we had always kept up, or more afflicted with the breach of it, and should be so still; but I

was sorry to tell him that there was an unhappy circumstance in our case, which lay too close to my heart, and

which I knew not how to break to him, that rendered my part of it very miserable, and took from me all the

He importuned me to tell him what it was. I told him I could not tell how to do it; that while it was concealed

from him I alone was unhappy, but if he knew it also, we should be both so; and that, therefore, to keep him

in the dark about it was the kindest thing that I could do, and it was on that account alone that I kept a secret

from him, the very keeping of which, I thought, would first or last be my destruction.

It is impossible to express his surprise at this relation, and the double importunity which he used with me to

discover it to him. He told me I could not be called kind to him, nay, I could not be faithful to him if I

concealed it from him. I told him I thought so too, and yet I could not do it. He went back to what I had said

before to him, and told me he hoped it did not relate to what I had said in my passion, and that he had

resolved to forget all that as the effect of a rash, provoked spirit. I told him I wished I could forget it all too,

but that it was not to be done, the impression was too deep, and I could not do it: it was impossible.

He then told me he was resolved not to differ with me in anything, and that therefore he would importune me

no more about it, resolving to acquiesce in whatever I did or said; only begged I should then agree, that

This was the most provoking thing he could have said to me, for I really wanted his further importunities, that

I might be prevailed with to bring out that which indeed it was like death to me to conceal; so I answered him

plainly that I could not say I was glad not to be importuned, thought I could not tell how to comply. 'But

come, my dear,' said I, 'what conditions will you make with me upon the opening this affair to you?'

'Any conditions in the world,' said he, 'that you can in reason desire of me.' 'Well,' said I, 'come, give it me

under your hand, that if you do not find I am in any fault, or that I am willingly concerned in the causes of the

misfortune that is to follow, you will not blame me, use me the worse, do my any injury, or make me be the

'That,' says he, 'is the most reasonable demand in the world: not to blame you for that which is not your fault.

Give me a pen and ink,' says he; so I ran in and fetched a pen, ink, and paper, and he wrote the condition

down in the very words I had proposed it, and signed it with his name. "Well,' says he, 'what is next, my

'Why,' says I, 'the next is, that you will not blame me for not discovering the secret of it to you before I knew

'Very just again,' says he; 'with all my heart'; so he wrote down that also, and signed it.

'Well, my dear,' says I, 'then I have but one condition more to make with you, and that is, that as there is

nobody concerned in it but you and I, you shall not discover it to any person in the world, except your own

mother; and that in all the measures you shall take upon the discovery, as I am equally concerned in it with

you, though as innocent as yourself, you shall do nothing in a passion, nothing to my prejudice or to your

This a little amazed him, and he wrote down the words distinctly, but read them over and over before he

signed them, hesitating at them several times, and repeating them: "My mother's prejudice! and your

'Well, says I, 'my dear, I'll ask you no more under your hand; but as you are to hear the most unexpected and

surprising thing that perhaps ever befell any family in the world, I beg you to promise me you will receive it

'I'll do my utmost,' says he, 'upon condition you will keep me no longer in suspense, for you terrify me with

"Well, then,' says I, 'it is this: as I told you before in a heat, that I was not your lawful wife, and that our

children were not legal children, so I must let you know now in calmness and in kindness, but with affliction

enough, that I am your own sister, and you my own brother, and that we are both the children of our mother

now alive, and in the house, who is convinced of the truth of it, in a manner not to be denied or contradicted.'

I saw him turn pale and look wild; and I said, 'Now remember your promise, and receive it with presence of

mind; for who could have said more to prepare you for it than I have done? However, I called a servant, and

got him a little glass of rum (which is the usual dram of that country), for he was just fainting away. When he

was a little recovered, I said to him, 'This story, you may be sure, requires a long explanation, and therefore,

have patience and compose your mind to hear it out, and I'll make it as short as I can'; and with this, I told

him what I thought was needful of the fact, and particularly how my mother came to discover it to me, as

above. 'And now, my dear,' says I, 'you will see reason for my capitulations, and that I neither have been the

cause of this matter, nor could be so, and that I could know nothing of it before now.'

'I am fully satisfied of that,' says he, 'but 'tis a dreadful surprise to me; however, I know a remedy for it all,

and a remedy that shall put an end to your difficulties, without your going to England.' 'That would be

strange,' said I, 'as all the rest.' 'No, no,' says he, 'I'll make it easy; there's nobody in the way of it but myself.'

He looked a little disordered when he said this, but I did not apprehend anything from it at that time,

believing, as it used to be said, that they who do those things never talk of them, or that they who talk of such

But things were not come to their height with him, and I observed he became pensive and melancholy; and in

a word, as I thought, a little distempered in his head. I endeavoured to talk him into temper, and to reason him

into a kind of scheme for our government in the affair, and sometimes he would be well, and talk with some

courage about it; but the weight of it lay too heavy upon his thoughts, and, in short, it went so far that he

made attempts upon himself, and in one of them had actually strangled himself and had not his mother come

into the room in the very moment, he had died; but with the help of a Negro servant she cut him down and

Things were now come to a lamentable height in the family. My pity for him now began to revive that

affection which at first I really had for him, and I endeavoured sincerely, by all the kind carriage I could, to

make up the breach; but, in short, it had gotten too great a head, it preyed upon his spirits, and it threw him

into a long, lingering consumption, though it happened not to be mortal. In this distress I did not know what

to do, as his life was apparently declining, and I might perhaps have married again there, very much to my

advantage; it had been certainly my business to have stayed in the country, but my mind was restless too, and

uneasy; I hankered after coming to England, and nothing would satisfy me without it.

In short, by an unwearied importunity, my husband, who was apparently decaying, as I observed, was at last

prevailed with; and so my own fate pushing me on, the way was made clear for me, and my mother

When I parted with my brother (for such I am now to call him), we agreed that after I arrived he should

pretend to have an account that I was dead in England, and so might marry again when he would. He

promised, and engaged to me to correspond with me as a sister, and to assist and support me as long as I

lived; and that if he died before me, he would leave sufficient to his mother to take care of me still, in the

name of asister, and he was in some respects careful of me, when he heard of me; but it was so oddly

managed that I felt the disappointments very sensibly afterwards, as you shall hear in its time.

I came away for England in the month of August, after I had been eight years in that country; and now a new

scene of misfortunes attended me, which perhaps few women have gone through the life of.

We had an indifferent good voyage till we came just upon the coast of England, and where we arrived in

twoandthirty days, but were then ruffled with two or three storms, one of which drove us away to the coast

of Ireland, and we put in at Kinsdale. We remained there about thirteen days, got some refreshment on shore,

and put to sea again, though we met with very bad weather again, in which the ship sprung her mainmast, as

they called it, for I knew not what they meant. But we got at last into Milford Haven, in Wales, where, though

it was remote from our port, yet having my foot safe upon the firm ground of my native country, the isle of

Britain, I resolved to venture it no more upon the waters, which had been so terrible to me; so getting my

clothes and money on shore, with my bills of loading and other papers, I resolved to come for London, and

leave the ship to get to her port as she could; the port whither she was bound was to Bristol, where my

I got to London in about three weeks, where I heard a little while after that the ship was arrived in Bristol, but

at the same time had the misfortune to know that by the violent weather she had been in, and the breaking of

her mainmast, she had great damage on board, and that a great part of her cargo was spoiled.

I had now a new scene of life upon my hands, and a dreadful appearance it had. I was come away with a kind

of final farewell. What I brought with me was indeed considerable, had it come safe, and by the help of it, I

might have married again tolerably well; but as it was, I was reduced to between two or three hundred pounds

in the whole, and this without any hope of recruit. I was entirely without friends, nay, even so much as

without acquaintance, for I found it was absolutely necessary not to revive former acquaintances; and as for

my subtle friend that set me up formerly for a fortune, she was dead, and her husband also; as I was informed,

The looking after my cargo of goods soon after obliged me to take a journey to Bristol, and during my

attendance upon that affair I took the diversion of going to the Bath, for as I was still far from being old, so

my humour, which was always gay, continued so to an extreme; and being now, as it were, a woman of

fortune though I was a woman without a fortune, I expected something or other might happen in my way that

The Bath is a place of gallantry enough; expensive, and full of snares. I went thither, indeed, in the view of

taking anything that might offer, but I must do myself justice, as to protest I knew nothing amiss; I meant

nothing but in an honest way, nor had I any thoughts about me at first that looked the way which afterwards I

Here I stayed the whole latter season, as it is called there, and contracted some unhappy acquaintances, which

rather prompted the follies I fell afterwards into than fortified me against them. I lived pleasantly enough,

kept good company, that is to say, gay, fine company; but had the discouragement to find this way of living

sunk me exceedingly, and that as I had no settled income, so spending upon the main stock was but a certain

kind of bleeding to death; and this gave me many sad reflections in the interval of my other thoughts.

However, I shook them off, and still flattered myself that something or other might offer for my advantage.

But I was in the wrong place for it. I was not now at Redriff, where, if I had set myself tolerably up, some

honest sea captain or other might have talked with me upon the honourable terms of matrimony; but I was at

the Bath, where men find a mistress sometimes, but very rarely look for a wife; and consequently all the

particular acquaintances a woman can expect to make there must have some tendency that way.

I had spent the first season well enough; for though I had contracted some acquaintance with a gentleman

who came to the Bath for his diversion, yet I had entered into no felonious treaty, as it might be called. I had

resisted some casual offers of gallantry, and had managed that way well enough. I was not wicked enough to

come into the crime for the mere vice of it, and I had no extraordinary offers made me that tempted me with

However, I went this length the first season, viz. I contracted an acquaintance with a woman in whose house I

lodged, who, though she did not keep an ill house, as we call it, yet had none of the best principles in herself.

I had on all occasions behaved myself so well as not to get the least slur upon my reputation on any account

whatever, and all the men that I had conversed with were of so good reputation that I had not given the least

reflection by conversing with them; nor did any of them seem to think there was room for a wicked

correspondence, if they had any of them offered it; yet there was one gentleman, as above, who always

singled me out for the diversion of my company, as he called it, which, as he was pleased to say, was very

I had many melancholy hours at the Bath after the company was gone; for though I went to Bristol sometime

for the disposing my effects, and for recruits of money, yet I chose to come back to Bath for my residence,

because being on good terms with the woman in whose house I lodged in the summer, I found that during the

winter I lived rather cheaper there than I could do anywhere else. Here, I say, I passed the winter as heavily

as I had passed the autumn cheerfully; but having contracted a nearer intimacy with the said woman in whose

house I lodged, I could not avoid communicating to her something of what lay hardest upon my mind and

particularly the narrowness of my circumstances, and the loss of my fortune by the damage of my goods at

sea. I told her also, that I had a mother and a brother in Virginia in good circumstances; and as I had really

written back to my mother in particular to represent my condition, and the great loss I had received, which

indeed came to almost #500, so I did not fail to let my new friend know that I expected a supply from thence,

and so indeed I did; and as the ships went from Bristol to York River, in Virginia, and back again generally in

less time from London, and that my brother corresponded chiefly at Bristol, I thought it was much better for

me to wait here for my returns than to go to London, where also I had not the least acquaintance.

My new friend appeared sensibly affected with my condition, and indeed was so very kind as to reduce the

rate of my living with her to so low a price during the winter, that she convinced me she got nothing by me;

When the spring season came on, she continued to be as king to me as she could, and I lodged with her for a

time, till it was found necessary to do otherwise. She had some persons of character that frequently lodged in

her house, and in particular the gentleman who, as I said, singled me out for his companion the winter before;

and he came down again with another gentleman in his company and two servants, and lodged in the same

house. I suspected that my landlady had invited him thither, letting him know that I was still with her; but she

In a word, this gentleman came down and continued to single me out for his peculiar confidence as well as

conversation. He was a complete gentleman, that must be confessed, and his company was very agreeable to

me, as mine, if I might believe him, was to him. He made no professions to be but of an extraordinary

respect, and he had such an opinion of my virtue, that, as he often professed, he believed if he should offer

anything else, I should reject him with contempt. He soon understood from me that I was a widow; that I had

arrived at Bristol from Virginia by the last ships; and that I waited at Bath till the next Virginia fleet should

arrive, by which I expected considerable effects. I understood by him, and by others of him, that he had a

wife, but that the lady was distempered in her head, and was under the conduct of her own relations, which he

consented to, to avoid any reflections that might (as was not unusual in such cases) be cast on him for

mismanaging her cure; and in the meantime he came to the Bath to divert his thoughts from the disturbance

My landlady, who of her own accord encouraged the correspondence on all occasions, gave me an

advantageous character of him, as a man of honour and of virtue, as well as of great estate. And indeed I had

a great deal of reason to say so of him too; for though we lodged both on a floor, and he had frequently come

into my chamber, even when I was in bed, and I also into his when he was in bed, yet he never offered

anything to me further than a kiss, or so much as solicited me to anything till long after, as you shall hear.

I frequently took notice to my landlady of his exceeding modesty, and she again used to tell me, she believed

it was so from the beginning; however, she used to tell me that she thought I ought to expect some

gratification from him for my company, for indeed he did, as it were, engross me, and I was seldom from

him. I told her I had not given him the least occasion to think I wanted it, or that I would accept of it from

him. She told me she would take that part upon her, and she did so, and managed it so dexterously, that the

first time we were together alone, after she had talked with him, he began to inquire a little into my

circumstances, as how I had subsisted myself since I came on shore, and whether I did not want money. I

stood off very boldly. I told him that though my cargo of tobacco was damaged, yet that it was not quite lost;

that the merchant I had been consigned to had so honestly managed for me that I had not wanted, and that I

hoped, with frugal management, I should make it hold out till more would come, which I expected by the

next fleet; that in the meantime I had retrenched my expenses, and whereas I kept a maid last season, now I

lived without; and whereas I had a chamber and a diningroom then on the first floor, as he knew, I now had

but one room, two pair of stairs, and the like. 'But I live,' said I, 'as well satisfied now as I did then'; adding,

that his company had been a means to make me live much more cheerfully than otherwise I should have

done, for which I was much obliged to him; and so I put off all room for any offer for the present. However,

it was not long before he attacked me again, and told me he found that I was backward to trust him with the

secret of my circumstances, which he was sorry for; assuring me that he inquired into it with no design to

satisfy his own curiosity, but merely to assist me, if there was any occasion; but since I would not own myself

to stand in need of any assistance, he had but one thing more to desire of me, and that was, that I would

promise him that when I was any way straitened, or like to be so, I would frankly tell him of it, and that I

would make use of him with the same freedom that he made the offer; adding, that I should always find I had

I omitted nothing that was fit to be said by one infinitely obliged, to let him know that I had a due sense of his

kindness; and indeed from that time I did not appear so much reserved to him as I had done before, though

still within the bounds of the strictest virtue on both sides; but how free soever our conversation was, I could

not arrive to that sort of freedom which he desired, viz. to tell him I wanted money, though I was secretly

Some weeks passed after this, and still I never asked him for money; when my landlady, a cunning creature,

who had often pressed me to it, but found that I could not do it, makes a story of her own inventing, and

comes in bluntly to me when we were together. 'Oh, widow!' says she, 'I have bad news to tell you this

morning.' 'What is that?' said I; 'are the Virginia ships taken by the French?'for that was my fear. 'No, no,'

says she, 'but the man you sent to Bristol yesterday for money is come back, and says he has brought none.'

Now I could by no means like her project; I though it looked too much like prompting him, which indeed he

did not want, and I clearly that I should lose nothing by being backward to ask, so I took her up short. 'I can't

image why he should say so to you,' said I, 'for I assure you he brought me all the money I sent him for, and

here it is,' said I (pulling out my purse with about twelve guineas in it); and added, 'I intend you shall have

He seemed distasted a little at her talking as she did at first, as well as I, taking it, as I fancied he would, as

something forward of her; but when he saw me give such an answer, he came immediately to himself again.

The next morning we talked of it again, when I found he was fully satisfied, and, smiling, said he hoped I

would not want money and not tell him of it, and that I had promised him otherwise. I told him I had been

very much dissatisfied at my landlady's talking so publicly the day before of what she had nothing to do with;

but I supposed she wanted what I owed her, which was about eight guineas, which I had resolved to give her,

He was in a might good humour when he heard me say I had paid her, and it went off into some other

discourse at that time. But the next morning, he having heard me up about my room before him, he called to

me, and I answering, he asked me to come into his chamber. He was in bed when I came in, and he made me

come and sit down on his bedside, for he said he had something to say to me which was of some moment.

After some very kind expressions, he asked me if I would be very honest to him, and give a sincere answer to

one thing he would desire of me. After some little cavil at the word 'sincere,' and asking him if I had ever

given him any answers which were not sincere, I promised him I would. Why, then, his request was, he said,

to let him see my purse. I immediately put my hand into my pocket, and, laughing to him, pulled it out, and

there was in it three guineas and a half. Then he asked me if there was all the money I had. I told him No,

Well, then, he said, he would have me promise to go and fetch him all the money I had, every farthing. I told

him I would, and I went into my chamber and fetched him a little private drawer, where I had about six

guineas more, and some silver, and threw it all down upon the bed, and told him there was all my wealth,

honestly to a shilling. He looked a little at it, but did not tell it, and huddled it all into the drawer again, and

then reaching his pocket, pulled out a key, and bade me open a little walnuttree box he had upon the table,

and bring him such a drawer, which I did. In which drawer there was a great deal of money in gold, I believe

near two hundred guineas, but I knew not how much. He took the drawer, and taking my hand, made me put

it in and take a whole handful. I was backward at that, but he held my hand hard in his hand, and put it into

the drawer, and made me take out as many guineas almost as I could well take up at once.

When I had done so, he made me put them into my lap, and took my little drawer, and poured out all my

money among his, and bade me get me gone, and carry it all home into my own chamber.

I relate this story the more particularly because of the goodhumour there was in it, and to show the temper

with which we conversed. It was not long after this but he began every day to find fault with my clothes, with

my laces and headdresses, and, in a word, pressed me to buy better; which, by the way, I was willing enough

to do, though I did not seem to be so, for I loved nothing in the world better than fine clothes. I told him I

must housewife the money he had lent me, or else I should not be able to pay him again. He then told me, in a

few words, that as he had a sincere respect for me, and knew my circumstances, he had not lent me that

money, but given it me, and that he thought I had merited it from him by giving him my company so entirely

as I had done. After this he made me take a maid, and keep house, and his friend that come with him to Bath

being gone, he obliged me to diet him, which I did very willingly, believing, as it appeared, that I should lose

nothing by it, not did the woman of the house fail to find her account in it too.

We had lived thus near three months, when the company beginning to wear away at the Bath, he talked of

going away, and fain he would have me to go to London with him. I was not very easy in that proposal, not

knowing what posture I was to live in there, or how he might use me. But while this was in debate he fell

very sick; he had gone out to a place in Somersetshire, called Shepton, where he had some business and was

there taken very ill, and so ill that he could not travel; so he sent his man back to Bath, to beg me that I would

hire a coach and come over to him. Before he went, he had left all his money and other things of value with

me, and what to do with them I did not know, but I secured them as well as I could, and locked up the

lodgings and went to him, where I found him very ill indeed; however, I persuaded him to be carried in a

He consented, and I brought him to the Bath, which was about fifteen miles, as I remember. Here he

continued very ill of a fever, and kept his bed five weeks, all which time I nursed him and tended him myself,

as much and as carefully as if I had been his wife; indeed, if I had been his wife I could not have done more. I

sat up with him so much and so often, that at last, indeed, he would not let me sit up any longer, and then I

I was indeed sensibly affected with his condition, and with the apprehension of losing such a friend as he

was, and was like to be to me, and I used to sit and cry by him many hours together. However, at last he grew

better, and gave hopes that he would recover, as indeed he did, though very slowly.

Were it otherwise than what I am going to say, I should not be backward to disclose it, as it is apparent I have

done in other cases in this account; but I affirm, that through all this conversation, abating the freedom of

coming into the chamber when I or he was in bed, and abating the necessary offices of attending him night

and day when he was sick, there had not passed the least immodest word or action between us. Oh that it had

After some time he gathered strength and grew well apace, and I would have removed my palletbed, but he

would not let me, till he was able to venture himself without anybody to sit up with him, and then I removed

He took many occasions to express his sense of my tenderness and concern for him; and when he grew quite

well, he made me a present of fifty guineas for my care and, as he called it, for hazarding my life to save his.

And now he made deep protestations of a sincere inviolable affection for me, but all along attested it to be

with the utmost reserve for my virtue and his own. I told him I was fully satisfied of it. He carried it that

length that he protested to me, that if he was naked in bed with me, he would as sacredly preserve my virtue

as he would defend if if I was assaulted by a ravisher. I believed him, and told him I did so; but this did not

satisfy him, he would, he said, wait for some opportunity to give me an undoubted testimony of it.

It was a great while after this that I had occasion, on my own business, to go to Bristol, upon which he hired

me a coach, and would go with me, and did so; and now indeed our intimacy increased. From Bristol he

carried me to Gloucester, which was merely a journey of pleasure, to take the air; and here it was our hap to

have no lodging in the inn but in one large chamber with two beds in it. The master of the house going up

with us to show his rooms, and coming into that room, said very frankly to him, 'Sir, it is none of my business

to inquire whether the lady be your spouse or no, but if not, you may lie as honestly in these two beds as if

you were in two chambers,' and with that he pulls a great curtain which drew quite across the room and

effectually divided the beds. 'Well,' says my friend, very readily, 'these beds will do, and as for the rest, we

are too near akin to lie together, though we may lodge near one another'; and this put an honest face on the

thing too. When we came to go to bed, he decently went out of the room till I was in bed, and then went to

bed in the bed on his own side of the room, but lay there talking to me a great while.

At last, repeating his usual saying, that he could lie naked in the bed with me and not offer me the least

injury, he starts out of his bed. 'And now, my dear,' says he, 'you shall see how just I will be to you, and that I

I resisted a little, but I must confess I should not have resisted him much if he had not made those promises at

all; so after a little struggle, as I said, I lay still and let him come to bed. When he was there he took me in his

arms, and so I lay all night with him, but he had no more to do with me, or offered anything to me, other than

embracing me, as I say, in his arms, no, not the whole night, but rose up and dressed him in the morning, and

This was a surprising thing to me, and perhaps may be so to others, who know how the laws of nature work;

for he was a strong, vigorous, brisk person; nor did he act thus on a principle of religion at all, but of mere

affection; insisting on it, that though I was to him to most agreeable woman in the world, yet, because he

I own it was a noble principle, but as it was what I never understood before, so it was to me perfectly

amazing. We traveled the rest of the journey as we did before, and came back to the Bath, where, as he had

opportunity to come to me when he would, he often repeated the moderation, and I frequently lay with him,

and he with me, and although all the familiarities between man and wife were common to us, yet he never

once offered to go any farther, and he valued himself much upon it. I do not say that I was so wholly pleased

with it as he thought I was, for I own much wickeder than he, as you shall hear presently.

We lived thus near two years, only with this exception, that he went three times to London in that time, and

once he continued there four months; but, to do him justice, he always supplied me with money to subsist me

Had we continued thus, I confess we had had much to boast of; but as wise men say, it is ill venturing too

near the brink of a command, so we found it; and here again I must do him the justice to own that the first

breach was not on his part. It was one night that we were in bed together warm and merry, and having drunk,

I think, a little more wine that night, both of us, than usual, although not in the least to disorder either of us,

when, after some other follies which I cannot name, and being clasped close in his arms, I told him (I repeat it

with shame and horror of soul) that I could find in my heart to discharge him of his engagement for one night

He took me at my word immediately, and after that there was no resisting him; neither indeed had I any mind

Thus the government of our virtue was broken, and I exchanged the place of friend for that unmusical,

harshsounding title of whore. In the morning we were both at our penitentials; I cried very heartily, he

expressed himself very sorry; but that was all either of us could do at that time, and the way being thus

cleared, and the bars of virtue and conscience thus removed, we had the less difficult afterwards to struggle

It was but a dull kind of conversation that we had together for all the rest of that week; I looked on him with

blushes, and every now and then started that melancholy objection, 'What if I should be with child now?

What will become of me then?' He encouraged me by telling me, that as long as I was true to him, he would

be so to me; and since it was gone such a length (which indeed he never intended), yet if I was with child, he

would take care of that, and of me too. This hardened us both. I assured him if I was with child, I would die

for want of a midwife rather than name him as the father of it; and he assured me I should never want if I

should be with child. These mutual assurances hardened us in the thing, and after this we repeated the crime

as often as we pleased, till at length, as I had feared, so it came to pass, and I was indeed with child.

After I was sure it was so, and I had satisfied him of it too, we began to think of taking measures for the

managing it, and I proposed trusting the secret to my landlady, and asking her advice, which he agreed to. My

landlady, a woman (as I found) used to such things, made light of it; she said she knew it would come to that

at last, and made us very merry about it. As I said above, we found her an experienced old lady at such work;

she undertook everything, engaged to procure a midwife and a nurse, to satisfy all inquiries, and bring us off

When I grew near my time she desired my gentleman to go away to London, or make as if he did so. When

he was gone, she acquainted the parish officers that there was a lady ready to lie in at her house, but that she

knew her husband very well, and gave them, as she pretended, an account of his name, which she called Sir

Walter Cleve; telling them he was a very worthy gentleman, and that she would answer for all inquiries, and

the like. This satisfied the parish officers presently, and I lay in with as much credit as I could have done if I

had really been my Lady Cleve, and was assisted in my travail by three or four of the best citizens' wives of

Bath who lived in the neighbourhood, which, however, made me a little the more expensive to him. I often

As he had furnished me very sufficiently with money for the extraordinary expenses of my lying in, I had

everything very handsome about me, but did not affect to be gay or extravagant neither; besides, knowing my

own circumstances, and knowing the world as I had done, and that such kind of things do not often last long,

I took care to lay up as much money as I could for a wet day, as I called it; making him believe it was all

By this means, and including what he had given me as above, I had at the end of my lying in about two

I was brought to bed of a fine boy indeed, and a charming child it was; and when he heard of it he wrote me a

very kind, obliging letter about it, and then told me, he thought it would look better for me to come away for

London as soon as I was up and well; that he had provided apartments for me at Hammersmith, as if I came

thither only from London; and that after a little while I should go back to the Bath, and he would go with me.

I liked this offer very well, and accordingly hired a coach on purpose, and taking my child, and a wetnurse

He met me at Reading in his own chariot, and taking me into that, left the servant and the child in the hired

coach, and so he brought me to my new lodgings at Hammersmith; with which I had abundance of reason to

be very well pleased, for they were very handsome rooms, and I was very well accommodated.

And now I was indeed in the height of what I might call my prosperity, and I wanted nothing but to be a wife,

which, however, could not be in this case, there was no room for it; and therefore on all occasions I studied to

save what I could, as I have said above, against a time of scarcity, knowing well enough that such things as

these do not always continue; that men that keep mistresses often change them, grow weary of them, or

jealous of them, or something or other happens to make them withdraw their bounty; and sometimes the

ladies that are thus well used are not careful by a prudent conduct to preserve the esteem of their persons, or

the nice article of their fidelity, and then they are justly cast off with contempt.

But I was secured in this point, for as I had no inclination to change, so I had no manner of acquaintance in

the whole house, and so no temptation to look any farther. I kept no company but in the family when I

lodged, and with the clergyman's lady at next door; so that when he was absent I visited nobody, nor did he

every find me out of my chamber or parlour whenever he came down; if I went anywhere to take the air, it

The living in this manner with him, and his with me, was certainly the most undesigned thing in the world; he

often protested to me, that when he became first acquainted with me, and even to the very night when we first

broke in upon our rules, he never had the least design of lying with me; that he always had a sincere affection

for me, but not the least real inclination to do what he had done. I assured him I never suspected him; that if I

had I should not so easily have yielded to the freedom which brought it on, but that it was all a surprise, and

was owing to the accident of our having yielded too far to our mutual inclinations that night; and indeed I

have often observed since, and leave it as a caution to the readers of this story, that we ought to be cautious of

gratifying our inclinations in loose and lewd freedoms, lest we find our resolutions of virtue fail us in the

It is true, and I have confessed it before, that from the first hour I began to converse with him, I resolved to

let him lie with me, if he offered it; but it was because I wanted his help and assistance, and I knew no other

way of securing him than that. But when were that night together, and, as I have said, had gone such a length,

I found my weakness; the inclination was not to be resisted, but I was obliged to yield up all even before he

However, he was so just to me that he never upbraided me with that; nor did he ever express the least dislike

of my conduct on any other occasion, but always protested he was as much delighted with my company as he

It is true that he had no wife, that is to say, she was as no wife to him, and so I was in no danger that way, but

the just reflections of conscience oftentimes snatch a man, especially a man of sense, from the arms of a

On the other hand, though I was not without secret reproaches of my own conscience for the life I led, and

that even in the greatest height of the satisfaction I ever took, yet I had the terrible prospect of poverty and

starving, which lay on me as a frightful spectre, so that there was no looking behind me. But as poverty

brought me into it, so fear of poverty kept me in it, and I frequently resolved to leave it quite off, if I could

but come to lay up money enough to maintain me. But these were thoughts of no weight, and whenever he

came to me they vanished; for his company was so delightful, that there was no being melancholy when he

was there; the reflections were all the subject of those hours when I was alone.

I lived six years in this happy but unhappy condition, in which time I brought him three children, but only the

first of them lived; and though I removed twice in those six years, yet I came back the sixth year to my first

lodgings at Hammersmith. Here it was that I was one morning surprised with a kind but melancholy letter

from my gentleman, intimating that he was very ill, and was afraid he should have another fit of sickness, but

that his wife's relations being in the house with him, it would not be practicable to have me with him, which,

however, he expressed his great dissatisfaction in, and that he wished I could be allowed to tend and nurse

I was very much concerned at this account, and was very impatient to know how it was with him. I waited a

fortnight or thereabouts, and heard nothing, which surprised me, and I began to be very uneasy indeed. I

think, I may say, that for the next fortnight I was near to distracted. It was my particular difficulty that I did

not know directly when he was; for I understood at first he was in the lodgings of his wife's mother; but

having removed myself to London, I soon found, by the help of the direction I had for writing my letters to

him, how to inquire after him, and there I found that he was at a house in Bloomsbury, whither he had, a little

before he fell sick, removed his whole family; and that his wife and wife's mother were in the same house,

though the wife was not suffered to know that she was in the same house with her husband.

Here I also soon understood that he was at the last extremity, which made me almost at the last extremity too,

to have a true account. One night I had the curiosity to disguise myself like a servantmaid, in a round cap

and straw hat, and went to the door, as sent by a lady of his neighbourhood, where he lived before, and giving

master and mistress's service, I said I was sent to know how Mr. did, and how he had rested that night.

In delivering this message I got the opportunity I desired; for, speaking with one of the maids, I held a long

gossip's tale with her, and had all the particulars of his illness, which I found was a pleurisy, attended with a

cough and a fever. She told me also who was in the house, and how his wife was, who, by her relation, they

were in some hopes might recover her understanding; but as to the gentleman himself, in short she told me

the doctors said there was very little hopes of him, that in the morning they thought he had been dying, and

that he was but little better then, for they did not expect that he could live over the next night.

This was heavy news for me, and I began now to see an end of my prosperity, and to see also that it was very

well I had played to good housewife, and secured or saved something while he was alive, for that now I had

It lay very heavy upon my mind, too, that I had a son, a fine lovely boy, about five years old, and no

provision made for it, at least that I knew of. With these considerations, and a sad heart, I went home that

evening, and began to cast with myself how I should live, and in what manner to bestow myself, for the

You may be sure I could not rest without inquiring again very quickly what was become of him; and not

venturing to go myself, I sent several sham messengers, till after a fortnight's waiting longer, I found that

there was hopes of his life, though he was still very ill; then I abated my sending any more to the house, and

in some time after I learned in the neighbourhood that he was about house, and then that he was abroad again.

I made no doubt then but that I should soon hear of him, and began to comfort myself with my circumstances

being, as I thought, recovered. I waited a week, and two weeks, and with much surprise and amazement I

waited near two months and heard nothing, but that, being recovered, he was gone into the country for the air,

and for the better recovery after his distemper. After this it was yet two months more, and then I understood

I had written several letters for him, and directed them as usual, and found two or three of them had been

called for, but not the rest. I wrote again in a more pressing manner than ever, and in one of them let him

know, that I must be forced to wait on him myself, representing my circumstances, the rent of lodgings to

pay, and the provision for the child wanting, and my own deplorable condition, destitute of subsistence for

his most solemn engagement to take care of and provide for me. I took a copy of this letter, and finding it lay

at the house near a month and was not called for, I found means to have the copy of it put into his own hands

This letter forced an answer from him, by which, though I found I was to be abandoned, yet I found he had

sent a letter to me some time before, desiring me to go down to the Bath again. Its contents I shall come to

It is true that sickbeds are the time when such correspondences as this are looked on with different

countenances, and seen with other eyes than we saw them with, or than they appeared with before. My lover

had been at the gates of death, and at the very brink of eternity; and, it seems, had been struck with a due

remorse, and with sad reflections upon his past life of gallantry and levity; and among the rest, criminal

correspondence with me, which was neither more nor less than a longcontinued life of adultery, and

represented itself as it really was, not as it had been formerly thought by him to be, and he looked upon it

I cannot but observe also, and leave it for the direction of my sex in such cases of pleasure, that whenever

sincere repentance succeeds such a crime as this, there never fails to attend a hatred of the object; and the

more the affection might seem to be before, the hatred will be the more in proportion. It will always be so,

indeed it can be no otherwise; for there cannot be a true and sincere abhorrence of the offence, and the love to

the cause of it remain; there will, with an abhorrence of the sin, be found a detestation of the fellowsinner;

I found it so here, though good manners and justice in this gentleman kept him from carrying it on to any

extreme but the short history of his part in this affair was thus: he perceived by my last letter, and by all the

rest, which he went for after, that I was not gone to Bath, that his first letter had not come to my hand; upon

'MADAM,I am surprised that my letter, dated the 8th of last month, did not come to your hand; I give you

'I need not acquaint you with what has been my condition for some time past; and how, having been at the

edge of the grave, I am, by the unexpected and undeserved mercy of Heaven, restored again. In the condition

I have been in, it cannot be strange to you that our unhappy correspondence had not been the least of the

burthens which lay upon my conscience. I need say no more; those things that must be repented of, must be

I wish you would thing of going back to the Bath. I enclose you here a bill for #50 for clearing yourself at

your lodgings, and carrying you down, and hope it will be no surprise to you to add, that on this account only,

and not for any offence given me on your side, I can see you no more. I will take due care of the child; leave

him where he is, or take him with you, as you please. I wish you the like reflections, and that they may be to

I was struck with this letter as with a thousand wounds, such as I cannot describe; the reproaches of my own

conscience were such as I cannot express, for I was not blind to my own crime; and I reflected that I might

with less offence have continued with my brother, and lived with him as a wife, since there was no crime in

But I never once reflected that I was all this while a married woman, a wife to Mr. the linendraper,

who, though he had left me by the necessity of his circumstances, had no power to discharge me from the

marriage contract which was between us, or to give me a legal liberty to marry again; so that I had been no

less than a whore and an adulteress all this while. I then reproached myself with the liberties I had taken, and

how I had been a snare to this gentleman, and that indeed I was principal in the crime; that now he was

mercifully snatched out of the gulf by a convincing work upon his mind, but that I was left as if I was

forsaken of God's grace, and abandoned by Heaven to a continuing in my wickedness.

Under these reflections I continued very pensive and sad for near month, and did not go down to the Bath,

having no inclination to be with the woman whom I was with before; lest, as I thought, she should prompt me

to some wicked course of life again, as she had done; and besides, I was very loth she should know I was cast

And now I was greatly perplexed about my little boy. It was death to me to part with the child, and yet when I

considered the danger of being one time or other left with him to keep without a maintenance to support him,

I then resolved to leave him where he was; but then I concluded also to be near him myself too, that I then

might have the satisfaction of seeing him, without the care of providing for him.

I sent my gentleman a short letter, therefore, that I had obeyed his orders in all things but that of going back

to the Bath, which I could not think of for many reasons; that however parting from him was a wound to me

that I could never recover, yet that I was fully satisfied his reflections were just, and would be very far from

Then I represented my own circumstances to him in the most moving terms that I was able. I told him that

those unhappy distresses which first moved him to a generous and an honest friendship for me, would, I hope,

move him to a little concern for me now, though the criminal part of our correspondence, which I believed

neither of us intended to fall into at the time, was broken off; that I desired to repent as sincerely as he had

done, but entreated him to put me in some condition that I might not be exposed to the temptations which the

devil never fails to excite us to from the frightful prospect of poverty and distress; and if he had the least

apprehensions of my being troublesome to him, I begged he would put me in a posture to go back to my

mother in Virginia, from when he knew I came, and that would put an end to all his fears on that account. I

concluded, that if he would send me #50 more to facilitate my going away, I would send him back a general

release, and would promise never to disturb him more with any importunities; unless it was to hear of the

welldoing of the child, whom, if I found my mother living and my circumstances able, I would send for to

This was indeed all a cheat thus far, viz. that I had no intention to go to Virginia, a the account of my former

affairs there may convince anybody of; but the business was to get this last #50 of him, if possible, knowing

However, the argument I used, namely, of giving him a general release, and never troubling him any more,

prevailed effectually with him, and he sent me a bill for the money by a person who brought with him a

general release for me to sign, and which I frankly signed, and received the money; and thus, though full sore

And here I cannot but reflect upon the unhappy consequence of too great freedoms between persons stated as

we were, upon the pretence of innocent intentions, love of friendship, and the like; for the flesh has generally

so great a share in those friendships, that is great odds but inclination prevails at last over the most solemn

resolutions; and that vice breaks in at the breaches of decency, which really innocent friendship ought to

preserve with the greatest strictness. But I leave the readers of these things to their own just reflections, which

they will be more able to make effectual than I, who so soon forgot myself, and am therefore but a very

I was now a single person again, as I may call myself; I was loosed from all the obligations either of wedlock

or mistressship in the world, except my husband the linendraper, whom, I having not now heard from in

almost fifteen years, nobody could blame me for thinking myself entirely freed from; seeing also he had at his

going away told me, that if I did not hear frequently from him, I should conclude he was dead, and I might

I now began to cast up my accounts. I had by many letters and much importunity, and with the intercession of

my mother too, had a second return of some goods from my brother (as I now call him) in Virginia, to make

up the damage of the cargo I brought away with me, and this too was upon the condition of my sealing a

general release to him, and to send it him by his correspondent at Bristol, which, though I thought hard of, yet

I was obliged to promise to do. However, I managed so well in this case, that I got my goods away before the

release was signed, and then I always found something or other to say to evade the thing, and to put off the

signing it at all; till at length I pretended I must write to my brother, and have his answer, before I could do it.

Including this recruit, and before I got the last #50, I found my strength to amount, put all together, to about

#400, so that with that I had about #450. I had saved above #100 more, but I met with a disaster with that,

which was thisthat a goldsmith in whose hands I had trusted it, broke, so I lost #70 of my money, the

man's composition not making above #30 out of his #100. I had a little plate, but not much, and was well

With this stock I had the world to begin again; but you are to consider that I was not now the same woman as

when I lived at Redriff; for, first of all, I was near twenty years older, and did not look the better for my age,

nor for my rambles to Virginia and back again; and though I omitted nothing that might set me out to

advantage, except painting, for that I never stooped to, and had pride enough to think I did not want it, yet

there would always be some difference seen between fiveandtwenty and twoandforty.

I cast about innumerable ways for my future state of life, and began to consider very seriously what I should

do, but nothing offered. I took care to make the world take me for something more than I was, and had it

given out that I was a fortune, and that my estate was in my own hands; the last of which was very true, the

first of it was as above. I had no acquaintance, which was one of my worst misfortunes, and the consequence

of that was, I had no adviser, at least who could assist and advise together; and above all, I had nobody to

whom I could in confidence commit the secret of my circumstances to, and could depend upon for their

secrecy and fidelity; and I found by experience, that to be friendless in the worst condition, next to being in

want that a woman can be reduced to: I say a woman, because 'tis evident men can be their own advisers, and

their own directors, and know how to work themselves out of difficulties and into business better than

women; but if a woman has no friend to communicate her affairs to, and to advise and assist her, 'tis ten to

one but she is undone; nay, and the more money she has, the more danger she is in of being wronged and

deceived; and this was my case in the affair of the #100 which I left in the hands of the goldsmith, as above,

whose credit, it seems, was upon the ebb before, but I, that had no knowledge of things and nobody to consult

In the next place, when a woman is thus left desolate and void of counsel, she is just like a bag of money or a

jewel dropped on the highway, which is a prey to the next comer; if a man of virtue and upright principles

happens to find it, he will have it cried, and the owner may come to hear of it again; but how many times

shall such a thing fall into hands that will make no scruple of seizing it for their own, to once that it shall

This was evidently my case, for I was now a loose, unguided creature, and had no help, no assistance, no

guide for my conduct; I knew what I aimed at and what I wanted, but knew nothing how to pursue the end by

direct means. I wanted to be placed in a settle state of living, and had I happened to meet with a sober, good

husband, I should have been as faithful and true a wife to him as virtue itself could have formed. If I had been

otherwise, the vice came in always at the door of necessity, not at the door of inclination; and I understood

too well, by the want of it, what the value of a settled life was, to do anything to forfeit the felicity of it; nay, I

should have made the better wife for all the difficulties I had passed through, by a great deal; nor did I in any

of the time that I had been a wife give my husbands the least uneasiness on account of my behaviour.

But all this was nothing; I found no encouraging prospect. I waited; I lived regularly, and with as much

frugality as became my circumstances, but nothing offered, nothing presented, and the main stock wasted

apace. What to do I knew not; the terror of approaching poverty lay hard upon my spirits. I had some money,

but where to place it I knew not, nor would the interest of it maintain me, at least not in London.

At length a new scene opened. There was in the house where I lodged a northcountry woman that went for a

gentlewoman, and nothing was more frequent in her discourse than her account of the cheapness of

provisions, and the easy way of living in her country; how plentiful and how cheap everything was, what

good company they kept, and the like; till at last I told her she almost tempted me to go and live in her

country; for I that was a widow, though I had sufficient to live on, yet had no way of increasing it; and that I

found I could not live here under #100 a year, unless I kept no company, no servant, made no appearance,

I should have observed, that she was always made to believe, as everybody else was, that I was a great

fortune, or at least that I had three or four thousand pounds, if not more, and all in my own hands; and she

was mighty sweet upon me when she thought me inclined in the least to go into her country. She said she had

a sister lived near Liverpool, that her brother was a considerable gentleman there, and had a great estate also

in Ireland; that she would go down there in about two months, and if I would give her my company thither, I

should be as welcome as herself for a month or more as I pleased, till I should see how I liked the country;

and if I thought fit to live there, she would undertake they would take care, though they did not entertain

lodgers themselves, they would recommend me to some agreeable family, where I should be placed to my

If this woman had known my real circumstances, she would never have laid so many snares, and taken so

many weary steps to catch a poor desolate creature that was good for little when it was caught; and indeed I,

whose case was almost desperate, and thought I could not be much worse, was not very anxious about what

might befall me, provided they did me no personal injury; so I suffered myself, though not without a great

deal of invitation and great professions of sincere friendship and real kindnessI say, I suffered myself to be

prevailed upon to go with her, and accordingly I packed up my baggage, and put myself in a posture for a

And now I found myself in great distress; what little I had in the world was all in money, except as before, a

little plate, some linen, and my clothes; as for my household stuff, I had little or none, for I had lived always

in lodgings; but I had not one friend in the world with whom to trust that little I had, or to direct me how to

dispose of it, and this perplexed me night and day. I thought of the bank, and of the other companies in

London, but I had no friend to commit the management of it to, and keep and carry about with me bank bills,

tallies, orders, and such things, I looked upon at as unsafe; that if they were lost, my money was lost, and then

I was undone; and, on the other hand, I might be robbed and perhaps murdered in a strange place for them.

It came in my thoughts one morning that I would go to the bank myself, where I had often been to receive the

interest of some bills I had, which had interest payable on them, and where I had found a clerk, to whom I

applied myself, very honest and just to me, and particularly so fair one time that when I had mistold my

money, and taken less than my due, and was coming away, he set me to rights and gave me the rest, which he

I went to him and represented my case very plainly, and asked if he would trouble himself to be my adviser,

who was a poor friendless widow, and knew not what to do. He told me, if I desired his opinion of anything

within the reach of his business, he would do his endeavour that I should not be wronged, but that he would

also help me to a good sober person who was a grave man of his acquaintance, who was a clerk in such

business too, though not in their house, whose judgment was good, and whose honesty I might depend upon.

'For,' added he, 'I will answer for him, and for every step he takes; if he wrongs you, madam, of one farthing,

it shall lie at my door, I will make it good; and he delights to assist people in such caseshe does it as an act

I was a little at a stand in this discourse; but after some pause I told him I had rather have depended upon

him, because I had found him honest, but if that could not be, I would take his recommendation sooner than

any one's else. 'I dare say, madam,' says he, 'that you will be as well satisfied with my friend as with me, and

he is thoroughly able to assist you, which I am not.' It seems he had his hands full of the business of the bank,

and had engaged to meddle with no other business that that of his office, which I heard afterwards, but did

not understand then. He added, that his friend should take nothing of me for his advice or assistance, and this

He appointed the same evening, after the bank was shut and business over, for me to meet him and his friend.

And indeed as soon as I saw his friend, and he began but to talk of the affair, I was fully satisfied that I had a

very honest man to deal with; his countenance spoke it, and his character, as I heard afterwards, was

After the first meeting, in which I only said what I had said before, we parted, and he appointed me to come

the next day to him, telling me I might in the meantime satisfy myself of him by inquiry, which, however, I

Accordingly I met him the next day, when I entered more freely with him into my case. I told him my

circumstances at large: that I was a widow come over from American, perfectly desolate and friendless; that I

had a little money, and but a little, and was almost distracted for fear of losing it, having no friend in the

world to trust with the management of it; that I was going into the north of England to live cheap, that my

stock might not waste; that I would willingly lodge my money in the bank, but that I durst not carry the bills

about me, and the like, as above; and how to correspond about it, or with whom, I knew not.

He told me I might lodge the money in the bank as an account, and its being entered into the books would

entitle me to the money at any time, and if I was in the north I might draw bills on the cashier and receive it

when I would; but that then it would be esteemed as running cash, and the bank would give no interest for it;

that I might buy stock with it, and so it would lie in store for me, but that then if I wanted to dispose if it, I

must come up to town on purpose to transfer it, and even it would be with some difficulty I should receive the

halfyearly dividend, unless I was here in person, or had some friend I could trust with having the stock in

him name to do it for me, and that would have the same difficulty in it as before; and with that he looked hard

at me and smiled a little. At last, says he, 'Why do you not get a head steward, madam, that may take you and

your money together into keeping, and then you would have the trouble taken off your hands?' 'Ay, sir, and

the money too, it may be,' said I; 'for truly I find the hazard that way is as much as 'tis t'other way'; but I

remember I said secretly to myself, 'I wish you would ask me the question fairly, I would consider very

He went on a good way with me, and I thought once or twice he was in earnest, but to my real affliction, I

found at last he had a wife; but when he owned he had a wife he shook his head, and said with some concern,

that indeed he had a wife, and no wife. I began to think he had been in the condition of my late lover, and that

his wife had been distempered or lunatic, or some such thing. However, we had not much more discourse at

that time, but he told me he was in too much hurry of business then, but that if I would come home to his

house after their business was over, he would by that time consider what might be done for me, to put my

affairs in a posture of security. I told him I would come, and desired to know where he lived. He gave me a

direction in writing, and when he gave it me he read it to me, and said, 'There 'tis, madam, if you dare trust

yourself with me.' 'Yes, sir,' said I, 'I believe I may venture to trust you with myself, for you have a wife, you

say, and I don't want a husband; besides, I dare trust you with my money, which is all I have in the world, and

He said some things in jest that were very handsome and mannerly, and would have pleased me very well if

they had been in earnest; but that passed over, I took the directions, and appointed to attend him at his house

When I came he made several proposals for my placing my money in the bank, in order to my having interest

for it; but still some difficult or other came in the way, which he objected as not safe; and I found such a

sincere disinterested honesty in him, that I began to muse with myself, that I had certainly found the honest

man I wanted, and that I could never put myself into better hands; so I told him with a great deal of frankness

that I had never met with a man or woman yet that I could trust, or in whom I could think myself safe, but

that I saw he was so disinterestedly concerned for my safety, that I said I would freely trust him with the

management of that little I had, if he would accept to be steward for a poor widow that could give him no

He smiled and, standing up, with great respect saluted me. He told me he could not but take it very kindly

that I had so good an opinion of him; that he would not deceive me, that he would do anything in his power to

serve me, and expect no salary; but that he could not by any means accept of a trust, that it might bring him to

be suspected of selfinterest, and that if I should die he might have disputes with my executors, which he

I told him if those were all his objections I would soon remove them, and convince him that there was not the

least room for any difficulty; for that, first, as for suspecting him, if ever I should do it, now is the time to

suspect him, and not put the trust into his hands, and whenever I did suspect him, he could but throw it up

then and refuse to go any further. Then, as to executors, I assured him I had no heirs, nor any relations in

England, and I should alter my condition before I died, and then his trust and trouble should cease together,

which, however, I had no prospect of yet; but I told him if I died as I was, it should be all his own, and he

He changed his countenance at this discourse, and asked me how I came to have so much goodwill for him;

and, looking very much pleased, said he might very lawfully wish he was a single man for my sake. I smiled,

and told him as he was not, my offer could have no design upon him in it, and to wish, ashe did, was not to be

He told me I was wrong. 'For,' says he, 'madam, as I said before, I have a wife and no wife, and 'twould be no

sin to me to wish her hanged, if that were all.' 'I know nothing of your circumstances that way, sir,' said I; 'but

it cannot be innocent to wish your wife dead.' 'I tell you,' says he again, 'she is a wife and no wife; you don't

'That's true,' said I; 'sir, I do not know what you are, but I believe you to be an honest man, and that's the

'Well, well,' says he, 'and so I am, I hope, too. but I am something else too, madam; for,' says he, 'to be plain

with you, I am a cuckold, and she is a whore.' He spoke it in a kind of jest, but it was with such an awkward

smile, that I perceived it was what struck very close to him, and he looked dismally when he said it.

'That alters the case indeed, sir,' said I, 'as to that part you were speaking of; but a cuckold, you know, may be

an honest man; it does not alter that case at all. Besides, I think,' said I, 'since your wife is so dishonest to

you, you are too honest to her to own her for your wife; but that,' said I, 'is what I have nothing to do with.'

'Nay,' says he, 'I do not think to clear my hands of her; for, to be plain with you, madam,' added he, 'I am no

contended cuckold neither: on the other hand, I assure you it provokes me the highest degree, but I can't help

I waived the discourse and began to talk of my business; but I found he could not have done with it, so I let

him alone, and he went on to tell me all the circumstances of his case, too long to relate here; particularly,

that having been out of England some time before he came to the post he was in, she had had two children in

the meantime by an officer of the army; and that when he came to England and, upon her submission, took

her again, and maintained her very well, yet she ran away from him with a linendraper's apprentice, robbed

him of what she could come at, and continued to live from him still. 'So that, madam,' says he, 'she is a whore

not by necessity, which is the common bait of your sex, but by inclination, and for the sake of the vice.'

Well, I pitied him, and wished him well rid of her, and still would have talked of my business, but it would

not do. At last he looks steadily at me. 'Look you, madam,' says he, 'you came to ask advice of me, and I will

serve you as faithfully as if you were my own sister; but I must turn the tables, since you oblige me to do it,

and are so friendly to me, and I think I must ask advice of you. Tell me, what must a poor abused fellow do

'Alas! sir,' says I, ''tis a case too nice for me to advise in, but it seems she has run away from you, so you are

rid of her fairly; what can you desire more?' 'Ay, she is gone indeed,' said he, 'but I am not clear of her for all

'That's true,' says I; 'she may indeed run you into debt, but the law has furnished you with methods to prevent

'No, no,' says he, 'that is not the case neither; I have taken care of all that; 'tis not that part that I speak of, but

'Well, sir,' says I, 'then you must divorce her. If you can prove what you say, you may certainly get that done,

'Why,' says I, 'if you can get any woman you like to take your word, I suppose your wife would not dispute

'Ay,' says he, 'but 'twould be hard to bring an honest woman to do that; and for the other sort,' says he, 'I have

It occurred to me presently, 'I would have taken your word with all my heart, if you had but asked me the

question'; but that was to myself. To him I replied, 'Why, you shut the door against any honest woman

accepting you, for you condemn all that should venture upon you at once, and conclude, that really a woman

'Why,' says he, 'I wish you would satisfy me that an honest woman would take me; I'd venture it'; and then

'That's not a fair question,' says I, 'after what you have said; however, lest you should think I wait only for a

recantation of it, I shall answer you plainly, No, not I; my business is of another kind with you, and I did not

expect you would have turned my serious application to you, in my own distracted case, into a comedy.'

'Why, madam,' says he, 'my case is as distracted as yours can be, and I stand in as much need of advice as you

do, for I think if I have not relief somewhere, I shall be made myself, and I know not what course to take, I

'Why, sir,' says I, ''tis easy to give advice in your case, much easier than it is in mine.' 'Speak then,' says he, 'I

'Why,' says I, 'if your case is so plain as you say it is, you may be legally divorced, and then you may find

honest women enough to ask the question of fairly; the sex is not so scarce that you can want a wife.'

'Well, then,' said he, 'I am in earnest; I'll take your advice; but shall I ask you one question seriously

'No, that answer will not do,' said he, 'for, in short, that is the question I shall ask.'

'You may ask what questions you please, but you have my answer to that already,' said I. 'Besides, sir,' said I,

'can you think so ill of me as that I would give any answer to such a question beforehand? Can any woman

'But, sir,' says I, a little gravely, 'I came to you about my own business; I beg of you to let me know, what you

'Because,' said I, 'you can't expect I should visit you on the account you talk of.'

'Well,' says he, 'you shall promise me to come again, however, and I will not say any more of it till I have

gotten the divorce, but I desire you will prepare to be better conditioned when that's done, for you shall be the

woman, or I will not be divorced at all; why, I owe it to your unlookedfor kindness, if it were to nothing

He could not have said anything in the world that pleased me better; however, I knew that the way to secure

him was to stand off while the thing was so remote, as it appeared to be, and that it was time enough to accept

of it when he was able to perform it; so I said very respectfully to him, it was time enough to consider of

these things when he was in a condition to talk of them; in the meantime, I told him, I was going a great way

from him, and he would find objects enough to please him better. We broke off here for the present, and he

made me promise him to come again the next day, for his resolutions upon my own business, which after

some pressing I did; though had he seen farther into me, I wanted no pressing on that account.

I came the next evening, accordingly, and brought my maid with me, to let him see that I kept a maid, but I

sent her away as soon as I was gone in. He would have had me let the maid have stayed, but I would not, but

ordered her aloud to come for me again about nine o'clock. But he forbade that, and told me he would see me

safe home, which, by the way, I was not very well please with, supposing he might do that to know where I

lived and inquire into my character and circumstances. However, I ventured that, for all that the people there

or thereabout knew of me, was to my advantage; and all the character he had of me, after he had inquired,

was that I was a woman of fortune, and that I was a very modest, sober body; which, whether true or not in

the main, yet you may see how necessary it is for all women who expect anything in the world, to preserve

the character of their virtue, even when perhaps they may have sacrificed the thing itself.

I found, and was not a little please with it, that he had provided a supper for me. I found also he lived very

handsomely, and had a house very handsomely furnished; all of which I was rejoiced at indeed, for I looked

We had now a second conference upon the subjectmatter of the last conference. He laid his business very

home indeed; he protested his affection to me, and indeed I had no room to doubt it; he declared that it began

from the first moment I talked with him, and long before I had mentioned leaving my effects with him. ''Tis

no matter when it began,' thought I; 'if it will but hold, 'twill be well enough.' He then told me how much the

offer I had made of trusting him with my effects, and leaving them to him, had enraged him. 'So I intended it

should,' thought I, 'but then I thought you had been a single man too.' After we had supped, I observed he

pressed me very hard to drink two or three glasses of wine, which, however, I declined, but drank one glass

or two. He then told me he had a proposal to make to me, which I should promise him I would not take ill if I

should not grant it. I told him I hoped he would make no dishonourable proposal to me, especially in his own

house, and that if it was such, I desired he would not propose it, that I might not be obliged to offer any

resentment to him that did not become the respect I professed for him, and the trust I had placed in him in

coming to his house; and begged of him he would give me leave to go away, and accordingly began to put on

my gloves and prepare to be gone, though at the same time I no more intended it than he intended to let me.

Well, he importuned me not to talk of going; he assured me he had no dishonourable thing in his thoughts

about me, and was very far from offering anything to me that was dishonourable, and if I thought so, he

That part I did not relish at all. I told him I was ready to hear anything that he had to say, depending that he

would say nothing unworthy of himself, or unfit for me to hear. Upon this, he told me his proposal was this:

that I would marry him, though he had not yet obtained the divorce from the whore his wife; and to satisfy

me that he meant honourably, he would promise not to desire me to live with him, or go to bed with him till

the divorce was obtained. My heart said yet to this offer at first word, but it was necessary to play the

hypocrite a little more with him; so I seemed to decline the motion with some warmth, and besides a little

condemning the thing as unfair, told him that such a proposal could be of no signification, but to entangle us

both in great difficulties; for if he should not at last obtain the divorce, yet we could not dissolve the

marriage, neither could we proceed in it; so that if he was disappointed in the divorce, I left him to consider

In short, I carried on the argument against this so far, that I convinced him it was not a proposal that had any

sense in it. Well, then he went from it to another, and that was, that I would sign and seal a contract with him,

conditioning to marry him as soon as the divorce was obtained, and to be void if he could not obtain it.

I told him such a thing was more rational than the other; but as this was the first time that ever I could

imagine him weak enough to be in earnest in this affair, I did not use to say Yes at first asking; I would

I played with this lover as an angler does with a trout. I found I had him fast on the hook, so I jested with his

new proposal, and put him off. I told him he knew little of me, and bade him inquire about me; I let him also

go home with me to my lodging, though I would not ask him to go in, for I told him it was not decent.

In short, I ventured to avoid signing a contract of marriage, and the reason why I did it was because the lady

that had invited me so earnestly to go with her into Lancashire insisted so positively upon it, and promised

me such great fortunes, and such fine things there, that I was tempted to go and try. 'Perhaps,' said I, 'I may

mend myself very much'; and then I made no scruple in my thoughts of quitting my honest citizen, whom I

In a word, I avoided a contract; but told him I would go into the north, that he should know where to write to

me by the consequence of the business I had entrusted with him; that I would give him a sufficient pledge of

my respect for him, for I would leave almost all I had in the world in his hands; and I would thus far give him

my word, that as soon as he had sued out a divorce from his first wife, he would send me an account of it, I

It was a base design I went with, that I must confess, though I was invited thither with a design much worse

than mine was, as the sequel will discover. Well, I went with my friend, as I called her, into Lancashire. All

the way we went she caressed me with the utmost appearance of a sincere, undissembled affection; treated

me, except my coachhire, all the way; and her brother brought a gentleman's coach to Warrington to receive

us, and we were carried from thence to Liverpool with as much ceremony as I could desire. We were also

entertained at a merchant's house in Liverpool three or four days very handsomely; I forbear to tell his name,

because of what followed. Then she told me she would carry me to an uncle's house of hers, where we should

be nobly entertained. She did so; her uncle, as she called him, sent a coach and four horses for us, and we

We came, however, to a gentleman's seat, where was a numerous family, a large park, extraordinary company

indeed, and where she was called cousin. I told her if she had resolved to bring me into such company as this,

she should have let me have prepared myself, and have furnished myself with better clothes. The ladies took

notice of that, and told me very genteelly they did not value people in their country so much by their clothes

as they did in London; that their cousin had fully informed them of my quality, and that I did not want clothes

to set me off; in short, they entertained me, not like what I was, but like what they thought I had been,

The first discovery I made here was, that the family were all Roman Catholics, and the cousin too, whom I

called my friend; however, I must say that nobody in the world could behave better to me, and I had all the

civility shown me that I could have had if I had been of their opinion. The truth is, I had not so much

principle of any kind as to be nice in point of religion, and I presently learned to speak favourably of the

Romish Church; particularly, I told them I saw little but the prejudice of education in all the difference that

were among Christians about religion, and if it had so happened that my father had been a Roman Catholic, I

doubted not but I should have been as well pleased with their religion as my own.

This obliged them in the highest degree, and as I was besieged day and night with good company and

pleasant discourse, so I had two or three old ladies that lay at me upon the subject of religion too. I was so

complaisant, that though I would not completely engage, yet I made no scruple to be present at their mass,

and to conform to all their gestures as they showed me the pattern, but I would not come too cheap; so that I

only in the main encouraged them to expect that I would turn Roman Catholic, if I was instructed in the

I stayed here about six weeks; and then my conductor led me back to a country village, about six miles from

Liverpool, where her brother (as she called him) came to visit me in his own chariot, and in a very good

figure, with two footmen in a good livery; and the next thing was to make love to me. As it had happened to

me, one would think I could not have been cheated, and indeed I thought so myself, having a safe card at

home, which I resolved not to quit unless I could mend myself very much. However, in all appearance this

brother was a match worth my listening to, and the least his estate was valued at was #1000 a year, but the

I that was a great fortune, and passed for such, was above being asked how much my estate was; and my false

friend taking it upon a foolish hearsay, had raised it from #500 to #5000, and by the time she came into the

country she called it #15,000. The Irishman, for such I understood him to be, was stark mad at this bait; in

short, he courted me, made me presents, and ran in debt like a madman for the expenses of his equipage and

of his courtship. He had, to give him his due, the appearance of an extraordinary fine gentleman; he was tall,

wellshaped, and had an extraordinary address; talked as naturally of his park and his stables, of his horses,

his gamekeepers, his woods, his tenants, and his servants, as if we had been in the mansionhouse, and I had

He never so much as asked me about my fortune or estate, but assured me that when we came to Dublin he

would jointure me in #600 a year good land; and that we could enter into a deed of settlement or contract here

This was such language indeed as I had not been used to, and I was here beaten out of all my measures; I had

a shedevil in my bosom, every hour telling me how great her brother lived. One time she would come for

my orders, how I would have my coaches painted, and how lined; and another time what clothes my page

should wear; in short, my eyes were dazzled. I had now lost my power of saying No, and, to cut the story

short, I consented to be married; but to be the more private, we were carried farther into the country, and

married by a Romish clergyman, who I was assured would marry us as effectually as a Church of England

I cannot say but I had some reflections in this affair upon the dishonourable forsaking my faithful citizen,

who loved me sincerely, and who was endeavouring to quit himself of a scandalous whore by whom he had

been indeed barbarously used, and promised himself infinite happiness in his new choice; which choice was

now giving up herself to another in a manner almost as scandalous as hers could be.

But the glittering shoe of a great estate, and of fine things, which the deceived creature that was now my

deceiver represented every hour to my imagination, hurried me away, and gave me no time to think of

London, or of anything there, much less of the obligation I had to a person of infinitely more real merit than

But the thing was done; I was now in the arms of my new spouse, who appeared still the same as before;

great even to magnificence, and nothing less than #1000 a year could support the ordinary equipage he

After we had been married about a month, he began to talk of my going to West Chester in order to embark

for Ireland. However, he did not hurry me, for we stayed near three weeks longer, and then he sent to Chester

for a coach to meet us at the Black Rock, as they call it, over against Liverpool. Thither we went in a fine

boat they call a pinnace, with six oars; his servants, and horses, and baggage going in the ferryboat. He

made his excuse to me that he had no acquaintance in Chester, but he would go before and get some

handsome apartment for me at a private house. I asked him how long we should stay at Chester. He said, not

at all, any longer than one night or two, but he would immediately hire a coach to go to Holyhead. Then I told

him he should by no means give himself the trouble to get private lodgings for one night or two, for that

Chester being a great place, I made no doubt but there would be very good inns and accommodation enough;

so we lodged at an inn in the West Street, not far from the Cathedral; I forget what sign it was at.

Here my spouse, talking of my going to Ireland, asked me if I had no affairs to settle at London before we

went off. I told him No, not of any great consequence, but what might be done as well by letter from Dublin.

'Madam,' says he, very respectfully, 'I suppose the greatest part of your estate, which my sister tells me is

most of it in money in the Bank of England, lies secure enough, but in case it required transferring, or any

way altering its property, it might be necessary to go up to London and settle those things before we went

I seemed to look strange at it, and told him I knew not what he meant; that I had no effects in the Bank of

England that I knew of; and I hoped he could not say that I had ever told him I had. No, he said, I had not told

him so, but his sister had said the greatest part of my estate lay there. 'And I only mentioned it, me dear,' said

he, 'that if there was any occasion to settle it, or order anything about it, we might not be obliged to the

hazard and trouble of another voyage back again'; for he added, that he did not care to venture me too much

I was surprised at this talk, and began to consider very seriously what the meaning of it must be; and it

presently occurred to me that my friend, who called him brother, had represented me in colours which were

not my due; and I thought, since it was come to that pitch, that I would know the bottom of it before I went

out of England, and before I should put myself into I knew not whose hands in a strange country.

Upon this I called his sister into my chamber the next morning, and letting her know the discourse her brother

and I had been upon the evening before, I conjured her to tell me what she had said to him, and upon what

foot it was that she had made this marriage. She owned that she had told him that I was a great fortune, and

said that she was told so at London. 'Told so!' says I warmly; 'did I ever tell you so?' No, she said, it was true

I did not tell her so, but I had said several times that what I had was in my own disposal. 'I did so,' returned I

very quickly and hastily, 'but I never told you I had anything called a fortune; no, not that I had #100, or the

value of #100, in the world. Any how did it consist with my being a fortune,; said I, 'that I should come here

into the north of England with you, only upon the account of living cheap?' At these words, which I spoke

warm and high, my husband, her brother (as she called him), came into the room, and I desired him to come

and sit down, for I had something of moment to say before them both, which it was absolutely necessary he

He looked a little disturbed at the assurance with which I seemed to speak it, and came and sat down by me,

having first shut the door; upon which I began, for I was very much provoked, and turning myself to him, 'I

am afraid,' says I, 'my dear' (for I spoke with kindness on his side), 'that you have a very great abuse put upon

you, and an injury done you never to be repaired in your marrying me, which, however, as I have had no hand

in it, I desire I may be fairly acquitted of it, and that the blame may lie where it ought to lie, and nowhere

'What injury can be done me, my dear,' says he, 'in marrying you. I hope it is to my honour and advantage

every way.' 'I will soon explain it to you,' says I, 'and I fear you will have no reason to think yourself well

used; but I will convince you, my dear,' says I again, 'that I have had no hand in it'; and there I stopped a

He looked now scared and wild, and began, I believe, to suspect what followed; however, looking towards

me, and saying only, 'Go on,' he sat silent, as if to hear what I had more to say; so I went on. 'I asked you last

night,' said I, speaking to him, 'if ever I made any boast to you of my estate, or ever told you I had any estate

in the Bank of England or anywhere else, and you owned I had not, as is most true; and I desire you will tell

me here, before your sister, if ever I gave you any reason from me to think so, or that ever we had any

discourse about it'; and he owned again I had not, but said I had appeared always as a woman of fortune, and

he depended on it that I was so, and hoped he was not deceived. 'I am not inquiring yet whether you have

been deceived or not,' said I; 'I fear you have, and I too; but I am clearing myself from the unjust charge of

'I have been now asking your sister if ever I told her of any fortune or estate I had, or gave her any particulars

of it; and she owns I never did. Any pray, madam,' said I, turning myself to her, 'be so just to me, before your

brother, to charge me, if you can, if ever I pretended to you that I had an estate; and why, if I had, should I

come down into this country with you on purpose to spare that little I had, and live cheap?' She could not

deny one word, but said she had been told in London that I had a very great fortune, and that it lay in the

'And now, dear sir,' said I, turning myself to my new spouse again, 'be so just to me as to tell me who has

abused both you and me so much as to make you believe I was a fortune, and prompt you to court me to this

marriage?' He could not speak a word, but pointed to her; and, after some more pause, flew out in the most

furious passion that ever I saw a man in my life, cursing her, and calling her all the whores and hard names he

could think of; and that she had ruined him, declaring that she had told him I had #15,000, and that she was to

have #500 of him for procuring this match for him. He then added, directing his speech to me, that she was

none of his sister, but had been his whore for two years before, that she had had #100 of him in part of this

bargain, and that he was utterly undone if things were as I said; and in his raving he swore he would let her

heart's blood out immediately, which frightened her and me too. She cried, said she had been told so in the

house where I lodged. But this aggravated him more than before, that she should put so far upon him, and run

things such a length upon no other authority than a hearsay; and then, turning to me again, said very honestly,

he was afraid we were both undone. 'For, to be plain, my dear, I have no estate,' says he; 'what little I had, this

devil has made me run out in waiting on you and putting me into this equipage.' She took the opportunity of

his being earnest in talking with me, and got out of the room, and I never saw her more.

I was confounded now as much as he, and knew not what to say. I thought many ways that I had the worst of

it, but his saying he was undone, and that he had no estate neither, put me into a mere distraction. 'Why,' says

I to him, 'this has been a hellish juggle, for we are married here upon the foot of a double fraud; you are

undone by the disappointment, it seems; and if I had had a fortune I had been cheated too, for you say you

'You would indeed have been cheated, my dear,' says he, 'but you would not have been undone, for #15,000

would have maintained us both very handsomely in this country; and I assure you,' added he, 'I had resolved

to have dedicated every groat of it to you; I would not have wronged you of a shilling, and the rest I would

have made up in my affection to you, and tenderness of you, as long as I lived.'

This was very honest indeed, and I really believe he spoke as he intended, and that he was a man that was as

well qualified to make me happy, as to his temper and behaviour, as any man ever was; but his having no

estate, and being run into debt on this ridiculous account in the country, made all the prospect dismal and

I told him it was very unhappy that so much love, and so much good nature as I discovered in him, should be

thus precipitated into misery; that I saw nothing before us but ruin; for as to me, it was my unhappiness that

what little I had was not able to relieve us week, and with that I pulled out a bank bill of #20 and eleven

guineas, which I told him I had saved out of my little income, and that by the account that creature had given

me of the way of living in that country, I expected it would maintain me three or four years; that if it was

taken from me, I was left destitute, and he knew what the condition of a woman among strangers must be, if

she had no money in her pocket; however, I told him, if he would take it, there it was.

He told me with a great concern, and I thought I saw tears stand in his eyes, that he would not touch it; that he

abhorred the thoughts of stripping me and make me miserable; that, on the contrary, he had fifty guineas left,

which was all he had in the world, and he pulled it out and threw it down on the table, bidding me take it,

I returned, with the same concern for him, that I could not bear to hear him talk so; that, on the contrary, if he

could propose any probable method of living, I would do anything that became me on my part, and that I

He begged of me to talk no more at that rate, for it would make him distracted; he said he was bred a

gentleman, though he was reduced to a low fortune, and that there was but one way left which he could think

of, and that would not do, unless I could answer him one question, which, however, he said he would not

press me to. I told him I would answer it honestly; whether it would be to his satisfaction or not, that I could

'Why, then, my dear, tell me plainly,' says he, 'will the little you have keep us together in any figure, or in any

It was my happiness hitherto that I had not discovered myself or my circumstances at allno, not so much as

my name; and seeing these was nothing to be expected from him, however goodhumoured and however

honest he seemed to be, but to live on what I knew would soon be wasted, I resolved to conceal everything

but the bank bill and the eleven guineas which I had owned; and I would have been very glad to have lost that

and have been set down where he took me up. I had indeed another bank bill about me of #30, which was the

whole of what I brought with me, as well to subsist on in the country, as not knowing what might offer;

because this creature, the gobetween that had thus betrayed us both, had made me believe strange things of

my marrying to my advantage in the country, and I was not willing to be without money, whatever might

happen. This bill I concealed, and that made me the freer of the rest, in consideration of his circumstances, for

But to return to his question, I told him I never willingly deceived him, and I never would. I was very sorry to

tell him that the little I had would not subsist us; that it was not sufficient to subsist me alone in the south

country, and that this was the reason that made me put myself into the hands of that woman who called him

brother, she having assured me that I might board very handsomely at a town called Manchester, where I had

not yet been, for about #6 a year; and my whole income not being about #15 a year, I thought I might live

He shook his head and remained silent, and a very melancholy evening we had; however, we supped

together, and lay together that night, and when we had almost supped he looked a little better and more

cheerful, and called for a bottle of wine. 'Come, my dear,' says he, ' though the case is bad, it is to no purpose

to be dejected. come, be as easy as you can; I will endeavour to find out some way or other to live; if you can

but subsist yourself, that is better than nothing. I must try the world again; a man ought to think like a man; to

be discouraged is to yield to the misfortune.' With this he filled a glass and drank to me, holding my hand and

pressing it hard in his hand all the while the wine went down, and protesting afterwards his main concern was

It was really a true, gallant spirit he was of, and it was the more grievous to me. 'Tis something of relief even

to be undone by a man of honour, rather than by a scoundrel; but here the greatest disappointment was on his

side, for he had really spent a great deal of money, deluded by this madam the procuress; and it was very

remarkable on what poor terms he proceeded. First the baseness of the creature herself is to be observed,

who, for the getting #100 herself, could be content to let him spend three or four more, though perhaps it was

all he had in the world, and more than all; when she had not the least ground, more than a little teatable chat,

to say that I had any estate, or was a fortune, or the like. It is true the design of deluding a woman of fortune,

I f I had been so, was base enough; the putting the face of great things upon poor circumstances was a fraud,

and bad enough; but the case a little differed too, and that in his favour, for he was not a rake that made a

trade to delude women, and, as some have done, get six or seven fortunes after one another, and then rifle and

run away from them; but he was really a gentleman, unfortunate and low, but had lived well; and though, if I

had had a fortune, I should have been enraged at the slut for betraying me, yet really for the man, a fortune

would not have been ill bestowed on him, for he was a lovely person indeed, of generous principles, good

We had a great deal of close conversation that night, for we neither of us slept much; he was as penitent for

having put all those cheats upon me as if it had been felony, and that he was going to execution; he offered

me again every shilling of the money he had about him, and said he would go into the army and seek the

I asked him why he would be so unkind to carry me into Ireland, when I might suppose he could not have

subsisted me there. He took me in his arms. 'My dear,' said he, 'depend upon it, I never designed to go to

Ireland at all, much less to have carried you thither, but came hither to be out of the observation of the people,

who had heard what I pretended to, and withal, that nobody might ask me for money before I was furnished

'Why, my dear,' said he, 'I'll confess the whole scheme to you as I had laid it; I purposed here to ask you

something about your estate, as you see I did, and when you, as I expected you would, had entered into some

account with me of the particulars, I would have made an excuse to you to have put off our voyage to Ireland

'Then, my dear,' said he, 'I resolved to have confessed all the circumstances of my own affairs to you, and let

you know I had indeed made use of these artifices to obtain your consent to marry me, but had now nothing

to do but ask to your pardon, and to tell you how abundantly, as I have said above, I would endeavour to

'Truly,' said I to him, 'I find you would soon have conquered me; and it is my affliction now, that I am not in

a condition to let you see how easily I should have been reconciled to you, and have passed by all the tricks

you had put upon me, in recompense of so much goodhumour. But, my dear,' said I, 'what can we do now?

We are both undone, and what better are we for our being reconciled together, seeing we have nothing to live

We proposed a great many things, but nothing could offer where there was nothing to begin with. He begged

me at last to talk no more of it, for, he said, I would break his heart; so we talked of other things a little, till at

He rose before me in the morning; and indeed, having lain awake almost all night, I was very sleepy, and lay

till near eleven o'clock. In this time he took his horses and three servants, and all his linen and baggage, and

away he went, leaving a short but moving letter for me on the table, as follows:

'MY DEARI am a dog; I have abused you; but I have been drawn into do it by a base creature, contrary to

my principle and the general practice of my life. Forgive me, my dear! I ask your pardon with the greatest

sincerity; I am the most miserable of men, in having deluded you. I have been so happy to posses you, and

now am so wretched as to be forced to fly from you. Forgive me, my dear; once more I say, forgive me! I am

not able to see you ruined by me, and myself unable to support you. Our marriage is nothing; I shall never be

able to see you again; I here discharge you from it; if you can marry to your advantage, do not decline it on

my account; I here swear to you on my faith, and on the word of a man of honour, I will never disturb your

repose if I should know of it, which, however, is not likely. On the other hand, if you should not marry, and if

'I have put some of the stock of money I have left into your pocket; take places for yourself and your maid in

the stagecoach, and go for London; I hope it will bear your charges thither, without breaking into your own.

Again I sincerely ask your pardon, and will do so as often as I shall ever think of you. Adieu, my dear, for

Nothing that ever befell me in my life sank so deep into my heart as this farewell. I reproached him a

thousand times in my thoughts for leaving me, for I would have gone with him through the world, if I had

begged my bread. I felt in my pocket, and there found ten guineas, his gold watch, and two little rings, one a

I sat me down and looked upon these things two hours together, and scarce spoke a word, till my maid

interrupted me by telling me my dinner was ready. I ate but little, and after dinner I fell into a vehement fit of

crying, every now and then calling him by his name, which was James. 'O Jemmy!' said I, 'come back, come

back. I'll give you all I have; I'll beg, I'll starve with you.' And thus I ran raving about the room several times,

and then sat down between whiles, and then walking about again, called upon him to come back, and then

cried again; and thus I passed the afternoon, till about seven o'clock, when it was near dusk, in the evening,

being August, when, to my unspeakable surprise, he comes back into the inn, but without a servant, and

I was in the greatest confusion imaginable, and so was he too. I could not imagine what should be the

occasion of it, and began to be at odds with myself whether to be glad or sorry; but my affection biassed all

the rest, and it was impossible to conceal my joy, which was too great for smiles, for it burst out into tears.

He was no sooner entered the room but he ran to me and took me in his arms, holding me fast, and almost

stopping my breath with his kisses, but spoke not a word. At length I began. 'My dear,' said I, 'how could you

go away from me?' to which he gave no answer, for it was impossible for him to speak.

When our ecstasies were a little over, he told me he was gone about fifteen miles, but it was not in his power

to go any farther without coming back to see me again, and to take his leave of me once more.

I told him how I had passed my time, and how loud I had called him to come back again. He told me he heard

me very plain upon Delamere Forest, at a place about twelve miles off. I smiled. 'Nay,' says he, 'do not think I

am in jest, for if ever I heard your voice in my life, I heard you call me aloud, and sometimes I thought I saw

you running after me.' 'Why,' said I, 'what did I say?'for I had not named the words to him. 'You called

I laughed at him. 'My dear,' says he, 'do not laugh, for, depend upon it, I heard your voice as plain as you hear

mine now; if you please, I'll go before a magistrate and make oath of it.' I then began to be amazed and

surprised, and indeed frightened, and told him what I had really done, and how I had called after him, as

When we had amused ourselves a while about this, I said to him: 'Well, you shall go away from me no more;

I'll go all over the world with you rather.' He told me it would be very difficult thing for him to leave me, but

since it must be, he hoped I would make it as easy to me as I could; but as for him, it would be his destruction

However, he told me that he considered he had left me to travel to London alone, which was too long a

journey; and that as he might as well go that way as any way else, he was resolved to see me safe thither, or

near it; and if he did go away then without taking his leave, I should not take it ill of him; and this he made

He told me how he had dismissed his three servants, sold their horses, and sent the fellows away to seek their

fortunes, and all in a little time, at a town on the road, I know not where. 'And,' says he, 'it cost me some tears

all alone by myself, to think how much happier they were than their master, for they could go to the next

gentleman's house to see for a service, whereas,' said he, 'I knew not wither to go, or what to do with myself.'

I told him I was so completely miserable in parting with him, that I could not be worse; and that now he was

come again, I would not go from him, if he would take me with him, let him go whither he would, or do what

he would. And in the meantime I agreed that we would go together to London; but I could not be brought to

consent he should go away at last and not take his leave of me, as he proposed to do; but told him, jesting,

that if he did, I would call him back again as loud as I did before. Then I pulled out his watch and gave it him

back, and his two rings, and his ten guineas; but he would not take them, which made me very much suspect

The truth is, the circumstances he was in, the passionate expressions of his letter, the kind, gentlemanly

treatment I had from him in all the affair, with the concern he showed for me in it, his manner of parting with

that large share which he gave me of his little stock leftall these had joined to make such impressions on

me, that I really loved him most tenderly, and could not bear the thoughts of parting with him.

Two days after this we quitted Chester, I in the stagecoach, and he on horseback. I dismissed my maid at

Chester. He was very much against my being without a maid, but she being a servant hired in the country,

and I resolving to keep no servant at London, I told him it would have been barbarous to have taken the poor

wench and have turned her away as soon as I came to town; and it would also have been a needless charge on

He came with me as far as Dunstable, within thirty miles of London, and then he told me fate and his own

misfortunes obliged him to leave me, and that it was not convenient for him to go to London, for reasons

which it was of no value to me to know, and I saw him preparing to go. The stagecoach we were in did not

usually stop at Dunstable, but I desiring it but for a quart of an hour, they were content to stand at an inndoor

Being in the inn, I told him I had but one favour more to as of him, and that was, that since he could not go

any farther, he would give me leave to stay a week or two in the town with him, that we might in that time

think of something to prevent such a ruinous thing to us both, as a final separation would be; and that I had

something of moment to offer him, that I had never said yet, and which perhaps he might find practicable to

This was too reasonable a proposal to be denied, so he called the landlady of the house, and told her his wife

was taken ill, and so ill that she could not think of going any farther in the stagecoach, which had tired her

almost to death, and asked if she could not get us a lodging for two or three days in a private house, where I

might rest me a little, for the journey had been too much for me. The landlady, a good sort of woman,

wellbred and very obliging, came immediately to see me; told me she had two or three very good rooms in a

part of the house quite out of the noise, and if I saw them, she did not doubt but I would like them, and I

should have one of her maids, that should do nothing else but be appointed to wait on me. This was so very

kind, that I could not but accept of it, and thank her; so I went to look on the rooms and liked them very well,

and indeed they were extraordinarily furnished, and very pleasant lodgings; so we paid the stagecoach, took

Here I told him I would live with him now till all my money was spent, but would not let him spend a shilling

of his own. We had some kind squabble about that, but I told him it was the last time I was like to enjoy his

company, and I desired he would let me be master in that thing only, and he should govern in everything else;

Here one evening, taking a walk into the fields, I told him I would now make the proposal to him I had told

him of; accordingly I related to him how I had lived in Virginia, that I had a mother I believed was alive there

still, though my husband was dead some years. I told him that had not my effects miscarried, which, by the

way, I magnified pretty much, I might have been fortune good enough to him to have kept us from being

parted in this manner. Then I entered into the manner of peoples going over to those countries to settle, how

they had a quantity of land given them by the Constitution of the place; and if not, that it might be purchased

I then gave him a full and distinct account of the nature of planting; how with carrying over but two or three

hundred pounds value in English goods, with some servants and tools, a man of application would presently

lay a foundation for a family, and in a very few years be certain to raise an estate.

I let him into the nature of the product of the earth; how the ground was cured and prepared, and what the

usual increase of it was; and demonstrated to him, that in a very few years, with such a beginning, we should

He was surprised at my discourse; for we made it the whole subject of our conversation for near a week

together, in which time I laid it down in black and white, as we say, that it was morally impossible, with a

supposition of any reasonable good conduct, but that we must thrive there and do very well.

Then I told him what measures I would take to raise such a sum of #300 or thereabouts; and I argued with

him how good a method it would be to put an end to our misfortunes and restore our circumstances in the

world, to what we had both expected; and I added, that after seven years, if we lived, we might be in a

posture to leave our plantations in good hands, and come over again and receive the income of it, and live

here and enjoy it; and I gave him examples of some that had done so, and lived now in very good

In short, I pressed him so to it, that he almost agreed to it, but still something or other broke it off again; till at

last he turned the tables, and he began to talk almost to the same purpose of Ireland.

He told me that a man that could confine himself to country life, and that could find but stock to enter upon

any land, should have farms there for #50 a year, as good as were here let for #200 a year; that the produce

was such, and so rich the land, that if much was not laid up, we were sure to live as handsomely upon it as a

gentleman of #3000 a year could do in England and that he had laid a scheme to leave me in London, and go

over and try; and if he found he could lay a handsome foundation of living suitable to the respect he had for

I was dreadfully afraid that upon such a proposal he would have taken me at my word, viz. to sell my little

income as I called it, and turn it into money, and let him carry it over into Ireland and try his experiment with

it; but he was too just to desire it, or to have accepted it if I had offered it; and he anticipated me in that, for

he added, that he would go and try his fortune that way, and if he found he could do anything at it to live,

then, by adding mine to it when I went over, we should live like ourselves; but that he would not hazard a

shilling of mine till he had made the experiment with a little, and he assured me that if he found nothing to be

He was so earnest upon his project being to be tried first, that I could not withstand him; however, he

promised to let me hear from him in a very little time after his arriving there, to let me know whether his

prospect answered his design, that if there was not a possibility of success, I might take the occasion to

prepare for our other voyage, and then, he assured me, he would go with me to America with all his heart.

I could bring him to nothing further than this. However, those consultations entertained us near a month,

during which I enjoyed his company, which indeed was the most entertaining that ever I met in my life

before. In this time he let me into the whole story of his own life, which was indeed surprising, and full of an

infinite variety sufficient to fill up a much brighter history, for its adventures and incidents, than any I ever

We parted at last, though with the utmost reluctance on my side; and indeed he took his leave very

unwillingly too, but necessity obliged him, for his reasons were very good why he would not come to

I gave him a direction how to write to me, though still I reserved the grand secret, and never broke my

resolution, which was not to let him ever know my true name, who I was, or where to be found; he likewise

let me know how to write a letter to him, so that, he said, he would be sure to receive it.

I came to London the next day after we parted, but did not go directly to my old lodgings; but for another

nameless reason took a private lodging in St. John's Street, or, as it is vulgarly called, St. Jones's, near

Clerkenwell; and here, being perfectly alone, I had leisure to sit down and reflect seriously upon the last

seven months' ramble I had made, for I had been abroad no less. The pleasant hours I had with my last

husband I looked back on with an infinite deal of pleasure; but that pleasure was very much lessened when I

This was a perplexing thing, because of the difficulty which was before me where I should get leave to lie in;

it being one of the nicest things in the world at that time of day for a woman that was a stranger, and had no

friends, to be entertained in that circumstance without security, which, by the way, I had not, neither could I

I had taken care all this while to preserve a correspondence with my honest friend at the bank, or rather he

took care to correspond with me, for he wrote to me once a week; and though I had not spent my money so

fast as to want any from him, yet I often wrote also to let him know I was alive. I had left directions in

Lancashire, so that I had these letters, which he sent, conveyed to me; and during my recess at St. Jones's

received a very obliging letter from him, assuring me that his process for a divorce from his wife went on

with success, though he met with some difficulties in it that he did not expect.

I was not displeased with the news that his process was more tedious than he expected; for though I was in no

condition to have him yet, not being so foolish to marry him when I knew myself to be with child by another

man, as some I know have ventured to do, yet I was not willing to lose him, and, in a word, resolved to have

him if he continued in the same mind, as soon as I was up again; for I saw apparently I should hear no more

from my husband; and as he had all along pressed to marry, and had assured me he would not be at all

disgusted at it, or ever offer to claim me again, so I made no scruple to resolve to do it if I could, and if my

other friend stood to his bargain; and I had a great deal of reason to be assured that he would stand to it, by

the letters he wrote to me, which were the kindest and most obliging that could be.

I now grew big, and the people where I lodged perceived it, and began to take notice of it to me, and, as far as

civility would allow, intimated that I must think of removing. This put me to extreme perplexity, and I grew

very melancholy, for indeed I knew not what course to take. I had money, but no friends, and was like to have

a child upon my hands to keep, which was a difficult I had never had upon me yet, as the particulars of my

In the course of this affair I fell very ill, and my melancholy really increased my distemper; my illness proved

at length to be only an ague, but my apprehensions were really that I should miscarry. I should not say

apprehensions, for indeed I would have been glad to miscarry, but I could never be brought to entertain so

much as a thought of endeavouring to miscarry, or of taking any thing to make me miscarry; I abhorred, I say,

However, speaking of it in the house, the gentlewoman who kept the house proposed to me to send for a

midwife. I scrupled it at first, but after some time consented to it, but told her I had no particular acquaintance

It seems the mistress of the house was not so great a stranger to such cases as mine was as I thought at first

she had been, as will appear presently, and she sent for a midwife of the right sortthat is to say, the right

The woman appeared to be an experienced woman in her business, I mean as a midwife; but she had another

calling too, in which she was as expert as most women if not more. My landlady had told her I was very

melancholy, and that she believed that had done me harm; and once, before me, said to her, 'Mrs. B'

(meaning the midwife), 'I believe this lady's trouble is of a kind that is pretty much in your way, and therefore

if you can do anything for her, pray do, for she is a very civil gentlewoman'; and so she went out of the room.

I really did not understand her, but my Mother Midnight began very seriously to explain what she mean, as

soon as she was gone. 'Madam,' says she, 'you seem not to understand what your landlady means; and when

'She means that you are under some circumstances that may render your lying in difficult to you, and that you

are not willing to be exposed. I need say no more, but to tell you, that if you think fit to communicate so

much of your case to me, if it be so, as is necessary, for I do not desire to pry into those things, I perhaps may

be in a position to help you and to make you perfectly easy, and remove all your dull thoughts upon that

Every word this creature said was a cordial to me, and put new life and new spirit into my heart; my blood

began to circulate immediately, and I was quite another body; I ate my victuals again, and grew better

presently after it. She said a great deal more to the same purpose, and then, having pressed me to be free with

her, and promised in the solemnest manner to be secret, she stopped a little, as if waiting to see what

I was to sensible too the want I was in of such a woman, not to accept her offer; I told her my case was partly

as she guessed, and partly not, for I was really married, and had a husband, though he was in such fine

She took me short, and told me that was none of her business; all the ladies that came under her care were

married women to her. 'Every woman,' she says, 'that is with child has a father for it,' and whether that father

was a husband or no husband, was no business of hers; her business was to assist me in my present

circumstances, whether I had a husband or no. 'For, madam,' says she, 'to have a husband that cannot appear,

is to have no husband in the sense of the case; and, therefore, whether you are a wife or a mistress is all one

I found presently, that whether I was a whore or a wife, I was to pass for a whore here, so I let that go. I told

her it was true, as she said, but that, however, if I must tell her my case, I must tell it her as it was; so I related

it to her as short as I could, and I concluded it to her thus. 'I trouble you with all this, madam,' said I, 'not that,

as you said before, it is much to the purpose in your affair, but this is to the purpose, namely, that I am not in

any pain about being seen, or being public or concealed, for 'tis perfectly indifferent to me; but my difficulty

'I understand you, madam' says she; 'you have no security to bring to prevent the parish impertinences usual

in such cases, and perhaps,' says she, 'do not know very well how to dispose of the child when it comes.' 'The

last,' says I, 'is not so much my concern as the first.' 'Well, madam,' answered the midwife, 'dare you put

yourself into my hands? I live in such a place; though I do not inquire after you, you may inquire after me.

My name is B; I live in such a street'naming the street' at the sign of the Cradle. My profession is a

midwife, and I have many ladies that come to my house to lie in. I have given security to the parish in general

terms to secure them from any charge from whatsoever shall come into the world under my roof. I have but

one question to ask in the whole affair, madam,' says she, 'and if that be answered you shall be entirely easy

I presently understood what she meant, and told her, 'Madam, I believe I understand you. I thank God, though

I want friends in this part of the world, I do not want money, so far as may be necessary, though I do not

abound in that neither': this I added because I would not make her expect great things. 'Well, madam,' says

she, 'that is the thing indeed, without which nothing can be done in these cases; and yet,' says she, 'you shall

see that I will not impose upon you, or offer anything that is unkind to you, and if you desire it, you shall

know everything beforehand, that you may suit yourself to the occasion, and be neither costly or sparing as

I told her she seemed to be so perfectly sensible of my condition, that I had nothing to ask of her but this, that

as I had told her that I had money sufficient, but not a great quantity, she would order it so that I might be at

She replied that she would bring in an account of the expenses of it in two or three shapes, and like a bill of

1. For three months' lodging in her house, including my diet, at 10s. a week . . . . . .6#, 0s., 0d.

2. For a nurse for the month, and use of childbed linen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1#, 10s., 0d.

3. For a minister to christen the child, and to the godfathers and clerk . . . . . . . .1#, 10s., 0d.

4. For a supper at the christening if I had five friends at it . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1#, 0s., 0d.

For her fees as a midwife, and the taking off the trouble of the parish . . . . . . . . 3#, 3s., 0d.

1. For three months' lodging and diet, etc., at 20s. per week . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13#, 0s., 0d.

2. For a nurse for the month, and the use of linen and lace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2#, 10s., 0d.

3. For the minister to christen the child, etc., as above . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2#, 0s., 0d.

4. For supper and for sweetmeats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3#, 3s., 0d.

This was the secondrate bill; the third, she said, was for a degree higher, and when the father or friends

1. For three months' lodging and diet, having two rooms and a garret for a servant . . 30#, 0s., 0d.,

2. For a nurse for the month, and the finest suit of childbed linen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4#, 4s., 0d.

3. For the minister to christen the child, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2#, 10s., 0d.

4. For a super, the gentlemen to send in the wine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6#, 0s., 0d.

I looked upon all three bills, and smiled, and told her I did not see but that she was very reasonable in her

demands, all things considered, and for that I did not doubt but her accommodations were good.

She told me I should be judge of that when I saw them. I told her I was sorry to tell her that I geared I must be

her lowest rated customer. 'And perhaps, madam,' said I, 'you will make me the less welcome upon that

account.' 'No, not at all,' said she; 'for where I have one of the third sort I have two of the second, and four to

one of the first, and I get as much by them in proportion as by any; but if you doubt my care of you, I will

Then she explained the particulars of her bill. 'In the first place, madam,' said she, 'I would have you observe

that here is three months' keeping; you are but ten shillings a week; I undertake to say you will not complain

of my table. I suppose,' says she, 'you do not live cheaper where you are now?' 'No, indeed,' said I, 'not so

cheap, for I give six shillings per week for my chamber, and find my own diet as well as I can, which costs

'Then, madam,' says she, 'if the child should not live, or should be deadborn, as you know sometimes

happens, then there is the minister's article saved; and if you have no friends to come to you, you may save

the expense of a supper; so that take those articles out, madam,' says she, 'your lying in will not cost you

This was the most reasonable thing that I ever heard of; so I smiled, and told her I would come and be her

customer; but I told her also, that as I had two months and more to do, I might perhaps be obliged to stay

longer with her than three months, and desired to know if she would not be obliged to remove me before it

was proper. No, she said; her house was large, and besides, she never put anybody to remove, that had lain in,

till they were willing to go; and if she had more ladies offered, she was not so illbeloved among her

neighbours but she could provide accommodations for twenty, if there was occasion.

I found she was an eminent lady in her way; and, in short, I agreed to put myself into her hands, and promised

her. She then talked of other things, looked about into my accommodations where I was, found fault with my

wanting attendance and conveniences, and that I should not be used so at her house. I told her I was shy of

speaking, for the woman of the house looked stranger, or at least I thought so, since I had been ill, because I

was with child; and I was afraid she would put some affront or other upon me, supposing that I had been able

'Oh dear,' said she, 'her ladyship is no stranger to these things; she has tried to entertain ladies in your

condition several times, but she could not secure the parish; and besides, she is not such a nice lady as you

take her to be; however, since you are agoing, you shall not meddle with her, but I'll see you are a little

better looked after while you are here than I think you are, and it shall not cost you the more neither.'

I did not understand her at all; however, I thanked her, and so we parted. The next morning she sent me a

chicken roasted and hot, and a pint bottle of sherry, and ordered the maid to tell me that she was to wait on

This was surprisingly good and kind, and I accepted it very willingly. At night she sent to me again, to know

if I wanted anything, and how I did, and to order the maid to come to her in the morning with my dinner. The

maid had orders to make me some chocolate in the morning before she came away, and did so, and at noon

she brought me the sweetbread of a breast of veal, whole, and a dish of soup for my dinner; and after this

manner she nursed me up at a distance, so that I was mightily well pleased, and quickly well, for indeed my

I expected, as is usually the case among such people, that the servant she sent me would have been some

imprudent brazen wench of Drury Lane breeding, and I was very uneasy at having her with me upon that

account; so I would not let her lie in that house the first night by any means, but had my eyes about me as

My gentlewoman guessed presently what was the matter, and sent her back with a short note, that I might

depend upon the honesty of her maid; that she would be answerable for her upon all accounts; and that she

took no servants into her house without very good security for their fidelity. I was then perfectly easy; and

indeed the maid's behaviour spoke for itself, for a modester, quieter, soberer girl never came into anybody's

As soon as I was well enough to go abroad, I went with the maid to see the house, and to see the apartment I

was to have; and everything was so handsome and so clean and well, that, in short, I had nothing to say, but

was wonderfully pleased and satisfied with what I had met with, which, considering the melancholy

It might be expected that I should give some account of the nature of the wicked practices of this woman, in

whose hands I was now fallen; but it would be too much encouragement to the vice, to let the world see what

easy measures were here taken to rid the women's unwelcome burthen of a child clandestinely gotten. This

grave matron had several sorts of practice, and this was one particular, that if a child was born, though not in

her house (for she had occasion to be called to many private labours), she had people at hand, who for a piece

of money would take the child off their hands, and off from the hands of the parish too; and those children, as

she said, were honestly provided for and taken care of. What should become of them all, considering so

I had many times discourses upon that subject with her; but she was full of this argument, that she save the

life of many an innocent lamb, as she called them, which would otherwise perhaps have been murdered; and

of many women who, made desperate by the misfortune, would otherwise be tempted to destroy their

children, and bring themselves to the gallows. I granted her that this was true, and a very commendable thing,

provided the poor children fell into good hands afterwards, and were not abused, starved, and neglected by

the nurses that bred them up. She answered, that she always took care of that, and had no nurses in her

business but what were very good, honest people, and such as might be depended upon.

I could say nothing to the contrary, and so was obliged to say, 'Madam, I do not question you do your part

honestly, but what those people do afterwards is the main question'; and she stopped my mouth again with

The only thing I found in all her conversation on these subjects that gave me any distaste, was, that one time

in discouraging about my being far gone with child, and the time I expected to come, she said something that

looked as if she could help me off with my burthen sooner, if I was willing; or, in English, that she could give

me something to make me miscarry, if I had a desire to put an end to my troubles that way; but I soon let her

see that I abhorred the thoughts of it; and, to do her justice, she put it off so cleverly, that I could not say she

really intended it, or whether she only mentioned the practice as a horrible thing; for she couched her words

so well, and took my meaning so quickly, that she gave her negative before I could explain myself.

To bring this part into as narrow a compass as possible, I quitted my lodging at St. Jones's and went to my

new governess, for so they called her in the house, and there I was indeed treated with so much courtesy, so

carefully looked to, so handsomely provided, and everything so well, that I was surprised at it, and could not

at first see what advantage my governess made of it; but I found afterwards that she professed to make no

profit of lodgers' diet, nor indeed could she get much by it, but that her profit lay in the other articles of her

management, and she made enough that way, I assure you; for 'tis scarce credible what practice she had, as

well abroad as at home, and yet all upon the private account, or, in plain English, the whoring account.

While I was in her house, which was near four months, she had no less than twelve ladies of pleasure brought

to bed within the doors, and I think she had twoandthirty, or thereabouts, under her conduct without doors,

whereof one, as nice as she was with me, was lodged with my old landlady at St. Jones's.

This was a strange testimony of the growing vice of the age, and such a one, that as bad as I had been myself,

it shocked my very senses. I began to nauseate the place I was in and, about all, the wicked practice; and yet I

must say that I never saw, or do I believe there was to be seen, the least indecency in the house the whole

Not a man was ever seen to come upstairs, except to visit the lyingin ladies within their month, nor then

without the old lady with them, who made it a piece of honour of her management that no man should touch a

woman, no, not his own wife, within the month; nor would she permit any man to lie in the house upon any

pretence whatever, no, not though she was sure it was with his own wife; and her general saying for it was,

that she cared not how many children were born in her house, but she would have none got there if she could

It might perhaps be carried further than was needful, but it was an error of the right hand if it was an error, for

by this she kept up the reputation, such as it was, of her business, and obtained this character, that though she

did take care of the women when they were debauched, yet she was not instrumental to their being debauched

While I was there, and before I was brought to bed, I received a letter from my trustee at the bank, full of

kind, obliging things, and earnestly pressing me to return to London. It was near a fortnight old when it came

to me, because it had been first sent into Lancashire, and then returned to me. He concludes with telling me

that he had obtained a decree, I think he called it, against his wife, and that he would be ready to make good

his engagement to me, if I would accept of him, adding a great many protestations of kindness and affection,

such as he would have been far from offering if he had known the circumstances I had been in, and which as

I returned an answer to his letter, and dated it at Liverpool, but sent it by messenger, alleging that it came in

cover to a friend in town. I gave him joy of his deliverance, but raised some scruples at the lawfulness of his

marrying again, and told him I supposed he would consider very seriously upon that point before he resolved

on it, the consequence being too great for a man of his judgment to venture rashly upon a thing of that nature;

so concluded, wishing him very well in whatever he resolved, without letting him into anything of my own

mind, or giving any answer to his proposal of my coming to London to him, but mentioned at a distance my

I was brought to bed about the middle of May and had another brave boy, and myself in as good condition as

usual on such occasions. My governess did her part as a midwife with the greatest art and dexterity

Her care of me in my travail, and after in my lying in, was such, that if she had been my own mother it could

not have been better. Let none be encouraged in their loose practices from this dexterous lady's management,

for she is gone to her place, and I dare say has left nothing behind her that can or will come up on it.

I think I had been brought to bed about twentytwo days when I received another letter from my friend at the

bank, with the surprising news that he had obtained a final sentence of divorce against his wife, and had

served her with it on such a day, and that he had such an answer to give to all my scruples about his marrying

again, as I could not expect, and as he had no desire of; for that his wife, who had been under some remorse

before for her usage of him, as soon as she had the account that he had gained his point, had very unhappily

He expressed himself very handsomely as to his being concerned at her disaster, but cleared himself of

having any hand in it, and that he had only done himself justice in a case in which he was notoriously injured

and abused. However, he said that he was extremely afflicted at it, and had no view of any satisfaction left in

his world, but only in the hope that I would come and relieve him by my company; and then he pressed me

violently indeed to give him some hopes that I would at least come up to town and let him see me, when he

I was exceedingly surprised at the news, and began now seriously to reflect on my present circumstances, and

the inexpressible misfortune it was to me to have a child upon my hands, and what to do in it I knew not. At

last I opened my case at a distance to my governess. I appeared melancholy and uneasy for several days, and

she lay at me continually to know what trouble me. I could not for my life tell her that I had an offer of

marriage, after I had so often told her that I had a husband, so that I really knew not what to say to her. I

owned I had something which very much troubled me, but at the same time told her I could not speak of it to

She continued importuning me several days, but it was impossible, I told her, for me to commit the secret to

anybody. This, instead of being an answer to her, increased her importunities; she urged her having been

trusted with the greatest secrets of this nature, that it was her business to conceal everything, and that to

discover things of that nature would be her ruin. She asked me if ever I had found her tattling to me of other

people's affairs, and how could I suspect her? She told me, to unfold myself to her was telling it to nobody;

that she was silent as death; that it must be a very strange case indeed that she could not help me out of; but to

conceal it was to deprive myself of all possible help, or means of help, and to deprive her of the opportunity

of serving me. In short, she had such a bewitching eloquence, and so great a power of persuasion that there

So I resolved to unbosom myself to her. I told her the history of my Lancashire marriage, and how both of us

had been disappointed; how we came together, and how we parted; how he absolutely discharged me, as far

as lay in him, free liberty to marry again, protesting that if he knew it he would never claim me, or disturb or

expose me; that I thought I was free, but was dreadfully afraid to venture, for fear of the consequences that

Then I told her what a good offer I had; showed her my friend's two last letters, inviting me to come to

London, and let her see with what affection and earnestness they were written, but blotted out the name, and

She fell alaughing at my scruples about marrying, and told me the other was no marriage, but a cheat on

both sides; and that, as we were parted by mutual consent, the nature of the contract was destroyed, and the

obligation was mutually discharged. She had arguments for this at the tip of her tongue; and, in short,

reasoned me out of my reason; not but that it was too by the help of my own inclination.

But then came the great and main difficulty, and that was the child; this, she told me in so many words, must

be removed, and that so as that it should never be possible for any one to discover it. I knew there was no

marrying without entirely concealing that I had had a child, for he would soon have discovered by the age of

it that it was born, nay, and gotten too, since my parley with him, and that would have destroyed all the affair.

But it touched my heart so forcibly to think of parting entirely with the child, and, for aught I knew, of having

it murdered, or starved by neglect and illusage (which was much the same), that I could not think of it

without horror. I wish all those women who consent to the disposing their children out of the way, as it is

called, for decency sake, would consider that 'tis only a contrived method for murder; that is to say, akilling

It is manifest to all that understand anything of children, that we are born into the world helpless, and

incapable either to supply our own wants or so much as make them known; and that without help we must

perish; and this help requires not only an assisting hand, whether of the mother or somebody else, but there

are two things necessary in that assisting hand, that is, care and skill; without both which, half the children

that are born would die, nay, thought they were not to be denied food; and one half more of those that

remained would be cripples or fools, lose their limbs, and perhaps their sense. I question not but that these are

partly the reasons why affection was placed by nature in the hearts of mothers to their children; without

which they would never be able to give themselves up, as 'tis necessary they should, to the care and waking

Since this care is needful to the life of children, to neglect them is to murder them; again, to give them up to

be managed by those people who have none of that needful affection placed by nature in them, is to neglect

them in the highest degree; nay, in some it goes farther, and is a neglect in order to their being lost; so that 'tis

All those things represented themselves to my view, and that is the blackest and most frightful form: and as I

was very free with my governess, whom I had now learned to call mother, I represented to her all the dark

thoughts which I had upon me about it, and told her what distress I was in. She seemed graver by much at this

part than at the other; but as she was hardened in these things beyond all possibility of being touched with the

religious part, and the scruples about the murder, so she was equally impenetrable in that part which related

to affection. She asked me if she had not been careful and tender to me in my lying in, as if I had been her

own child. I told her I owned she had. 'Well, my dear,' says she, 'and when you are gone, what are you to me?

And what would it be to me if you were to be hanged? Do you think there are not women who, as it is their

trade and they get their bread by it, value themselves upon their being as careful of children as their own

mothers can be, and understand it rather better? Yes, yes, child,' says she, 'fear it not; how were we nursed

ourselves? Are you sure you was nursed up by your own mother? and yet you look fat and fair, child,' says

the old beldam; and with that she stroked me over the face. 'Never be concerned, child,' says she, going on in

her drolling way; 'I have no murderers about me; I employ the best and the honestest nurses that can be had,

and have as few children miscarry under their hands as there would if they were all nursed by mothers; we

She touched me to the quick when she asked if I was sure that I was nursed by my own mother; on the

contrary I was sure I was not; and I trembled, and looked pale at the very expression. 'Sure,' said I to myself,

'this creature cannot be a witch, or have any conversation with a spirit, that can inform her what was done

with me before I was able to know it myself'; and I looked at her as if I had been frightened; but reflecting

that it could not be possible for her to know anything about me, that disorder went off, and I began to be easy,

She perceived the disorder I was in, but did not know the meaning of it; so she ran on in her wild talk upon

the weakness of my supposing that children were murdered because they were not all nursed by the mother,

and to persuade me that the children she disposed of were as well used as if the mothers had the nursing of

'It may be true, mother,' says I, 'for aught I know, but my doubts are very strongly grounded indeed.' 'Come,

then,' says she, 'let's hear some of them.' 'Why, first,' says I, 'you give a piece of money to these people to take

the child off the parent's hands, and to take care of it as long as it lives. Now we know, mother,' said I, 'that

those are poor people, and their gain consists in being quit of the charge as soon as they can; how can I doubt

but that, as it is best for them to have the child die, they are not over solicitous about life?'

'This is all vapours and fancy,' says the old woman; 'I tell you their credit depends upon the child's life, and

'O mother,' says I, 'if I was but sure my little baby would be carefully looked to, and have justice done it, I

should be happy indeed; but it is impossible I can be satisfied in that point unless I saw it, and to see it would

be ruin and destruction to me, as now my case stands; so what to do I know not.'

'A fine story!' says the governess. 'You would see the child, and you would not see the child; you would be

concealed and discovered both together. These are things impossible, my dear; so you must e'en do as other

conscientious mothers have done before you, and be contented with things as they must be, though they are

I understood what she meant by conscientious mothers; she would have said conscientious whores, but she

was not willing to disoblige me, for really in this case I was not a whore, because legally married, the force of

However, let me be what I would, I was not come up to that pitch of hardness common to the profession; I

mean, to be unnatural, and regardless of the safety of my child; and I preserved this honest affection so long,

that I was upon the point of giving up my friend at the bank, who lay so hard at me to come to him and marry

At last my old governess came to me, with her usual assurance. 'Come, my dear,' says she, 'I have found out a

way how you shall be at a certainty that your child shall be used well, and yet the people that take care of it

'Oh mother,' says I, 'if you can do so, you will engage me to you for ever.' 'Well,' says she, 'are you willing to

be a some small annual expense, more than what we usually give to the people we contract with?' 'Ay,' says I,

'with all my heart, provided I may be concealed.' 'As to that,' says the governess, 'you shall be secure, for the

nurse shall never so much as dare to inquire about you, and you shall once or twice a year go with me and see

yourchild, and see how 'tis used, and be satisfied that it is in good hands, nobody knowing who you are.'

'Why,' said I, 'do you think, mother, that when I come to see my child, I shall be able to conceal my being the

'Well, well,' says my governess, 'if you discover it, the nurse shall be never the wiser; for she shall be forbid

to ask any questions about you, or to take any notice. If she offers it, she shall lose the money which you are

I was very well pleased with this. So the next week a countrywoman was brought from Hertford, or

thereabouts, who was to take the child off our hands entirely for #10 in money. But if I would allow #5 a year

more of her, she would be obliged to bring the child to my governess's house as often as we desired, or we

The woman was very wholesomelooking, a likely woman, a cottager's wife, but she had very good clothes

and linen, and everything well about her; and with a heavy heart and many a tear, I let her have my child. I

had been down at Hertford, and looked at her and at her dwelling, which I liked well enough; and I promised

her great things if she would be kind to the child, so she knew at first word that I was the child's mother. But

she seemed to be so much out of the way, and to have no room to inquire after me, that I thought I was safe

enough. So, in short, I consented to let her have the child, and I gave her #10; that is to say, I gave it to my

governess, who gave it the poor woman before my face, she agreeing never to return the child back to me, or

to claim anything more for its keeping or bringing up; only that I promised, if she took a great deal of care of

it, I would give her something more as often as I came to see it; so that I was not bound to pay the #5, only

that I promised my governess I would do it. And thus my great care was over, after a manner, which though it

did not at all satisfy my mind, yet was the most convenient for me, as my affairs then stood, of any that could

I then began to write to my friend at the bank in a more kindly style, and particularly about the beginning of

July I sent him a letter, that I proposed to be in town some time in August. He returned me an answer in the

most passionate terms imaginable, and desired me to let him have timely notice, and he would come and meet

me, two day's journey. This puzzled me scurvily, and I did not know what answer to make of it. Once I

resolved to take the stagecoach to West Chester, on purpose only to have the satisfaction of coming back,

that he might see me really come in the same coach; for I had a jealous thought, though I had no ground for it

at all, lest he should think I was not really in the country. And it was no illgrounded thought as you shall

I endeavoured to reason myself out of it, but it was in vain; the impression lay so strong on my mind, that it

was not to be resisted. At last it came as an addition to my new design of going into the country, that it would

be an excellent blind to my old governess, and would cover entirely all my other affairs, for she did not know

in the least whether my new lover lived in London or in Lancashire; and when I told her my resolution, she

Having taken my measure for this journey I let her know it, and sent the maid that tended me, from the

beginning, to take a place for me in the coach. She would have had me let the maid have waited on me down

to the last stage, and come up again in the waggon, but I convinced her it would not be convenient. When I

went away, she told me she would enter into no measures for correspondence, for she saw evidently that my

affection to my child would cause me to write to her, and to visit her too when I came to town again. I

assured her it would, and so took my leave, well satisfied to have been freed from such a house, however

I took the place in the coach not to its full extent, but to a place called Stone, in Cheshire, I think it is, where I

not only had no manner of business, but not so much as the least acquaintance with any person in the town or

near it. But I knew that with money in the pocket one is at home anywhere; so I lodged there two or three

days, till, watching my opportunity, I found room in another stagecoach, and took passage back again for

London, sending a letter to my gentleman that I should be such a certain day at StonyStratford, where the

It happened to be a chance coach that I had taken up, which, having been hired on purpose to carry some

gentlemen to West Chester who were going for Ireland, was now returning, and did not tie itself to exact

times or places as the stages did; so that, having been obliged to lie still on Sunday, he had time to get himself

However, his warning was so short, that he could not reach to StonyStratford time enough to be with me at

night, but he met me at a place called Brickhill the next morning, as we were just coming in to tow.

I confess I was very glad to see him, for I had thought myself a little disappointed overnight, seeing I had

gone so far to contrive my coming on purpose. He pleased me doubly too by the figure he came in, for he

brought a very handsome (gentleman's) coach and four horses, with a servant to attend him.

He took me out of the stagecoach immediately, which stopped at an inn in Brickhill; and putting into the

same in, he set up his own coach, and bespoke his dinner. I asked him what he meant by that, for I was for

going forward with the journey. He said, No, I had need of a little rest upon the road, and that was a very

good sort of a house, though it was but a little town; so we would go no farther that night, whatever came of

I did not press him much, for since he had come so to meet me, and put himself to so much expense, it was

but reasonable I should oblige him a little too; so I was easy as to that point.

After dinner we walked to see the town, to see the church, and to view the fields, and the country, as is usual

for strangers to do; and our landlord was our guide in going to see the church. I observed my gentleman

inquired pretty much about the parson, and I took the hint immediately that he certainly would propose to be

married; and though it was a sudden thought, it followed presently, that, in short, I would not refuse him; for,

to be plain, with my circumstances I was in no condition now to say No; I had no reason now to run any more

But while these thoughts ran round in my head, which was the work but of a few moments, I observed my

landlord took him aside and whispered to him, though not very softly neither, for so much I overheard: 'Sir, if

you shall have occasion' the rest I could not hear, but it seems it was to this purpose: 'Sir, if you shall

have occasion for a minister, I have a friend a little way off that will serve you, and be as private as you

please.' My gentleman answered loud enough for me to hear, 'Very well, I believe I shall.'

I was no sooner come back to the inn but he fell upon me with irresistible words, that since he had had the

good fortune to meet me, and everything concurred, it would be hastening his felicity if I would put an end to

the matter just there. 'What do you mean?' says I, colouring a little. 'What, in an inn, and upon the road! Bless

us all,' said I, as if I had been surprised, 'how can you talk so?' 'Oh, I can talk so very well,' says he, 'I came

apurpose to talk so, and I'll show you that I did'; and with that he pulls out a great bundle of papers. 'You

fright me,' said I; 'what are all these?' 'Don't be frighted, my dear,' said he, and kissed me. This was the first

time that he had been so free to call me 'my dear'; then he repeated it, 'Don't be frighted; you shall see what it

is all'; then he laid them all abroad. There was first the deed or sentence of divorce from his wife, and the full

evidence of her playing the whore; then there were the certificates of the minister and churchwardens of the

parish where she lived, proving that she was buried, and intimating the manner of her death; the copy of the

coroner's warrant for a jury to sit upon her, and the verdict of the jury, who brought it in Non compos mentis.

All this was indeed to the purpose, and to give me satisfaction, though, by the way, I was not so scrupulous,

had he known all, but that I might have taken him without it. However, I looked them all over as well as I

could, and told him that this was all very clear indeed, but that he need not have given himself the trouble to

have brought them out with him, for it was time enough. Well, he said, it might be time enough for me, but

There were other papers rolled up, and I asked him what they were. 'Why, ay,' says he, 'that's the question I

wanted to have you ask me'; so he unrolls them and takes out a little shagreen case, and gives me out of it a

very fine diamond ring. I could not refuse it, if I had a mind to do so, for he put it upon my finger; so I made

him a curtsy and accepted it. Then he takes out another ring: 'And this,' says he, 'is for another occasion,' so

he puts that in his pocket. 'Well, but let me see it, though,' says I, and smiled; 'I guess what it is; I think you

are mad.' 'I should have been mad if I had done less,' says he, and still he did not show me, and I had a great

mind to see it; so I says, 'Well, but let me see it.' 'Hold,' says he, 'first look here'; then he took up the roll again

and read it, and behold! it was a licence for us to be married. 'Why,' says I, 'are you distracted? Why, you

were fully satisfied that I would comply and yield at first word, or resolved to take no denial.' 'The last is

certainly the case,' said he. 'But you may be mistaken,' said I. 'No, no,' says he, 'how can you think so? I must

not be denied, I can't be denied'; and with that he fell to kissing me so violently, I could not get rid of him.

There was a bed in the room, and we were walking to and again, eager in the discourse; at last he takes me by

surprise in his arms, and threw me on the bed and himself with me, and holding me fast in his arms, but

without the least offer of any indecency, courted me to consent with such repeated entreaties and arguments,

protesting his affection, and vowing he would not let me go till I had promised him, that at last I said, 'Why,

you resolve not to be denied, indeed, I can't be denied.' 'Well, well,' said I, and giving him a slight kiss, 'then

He was so transported with my consent, and the kind manner of it, that I began to think once he took it for a

marriage, and would not stay for the form; but I wronged him, for he gave over kissing me, and then giving

me two or three kisses again, thanked me for my kind yielding to him; and was so overcome with the

I turned from him, for it filled my eyes with tears too, and I asked him leave to retire a little to my chamber. If

ever I had a grain of true repentance for a vicious and abominable life for twentyfour years past, it was then.

On, what a felicity is it to mankind, said I to myself, that they cannot see into the hearts of one another! How

happy had it been for me if I had been wife to a man of so much honesty, and so much affection from the

Then it occurred to me, 'What an abominable creature am I! and how is this innocent gentleman going to be

abused by me! How little does he think, that having divorced a whore, he is throwing himself into the arms of

another! that he is going to marry one that has lain with two brothers, and has had three children by her own

brother! one that was born in Newgate, whose mother was a whore, and is now a transported thief! one that

has lain with thirteen men, and has had a child since he saw me! Poor gentleman!' said I, 'what is he going to

do?' After this reproaching myself was over, it following thus: 'Well, if I must be his wife, if it please God to

give me grace, I'll be a true wife to him, and love him suitably to the strange excess of his passion for me; I

will make him amends if possible, by what he shall see, for the cheats and abuses I put upon him, which he

He was impatient for my coming out of my chamber, but finding me long, he went downstairs and talked

My landlord, an officious though wellmeaning fellow, had sent away for the neighbouring clergyman; and

when my gentleman began to speak of it to him, and talk of sending for him, 'Sir,' says he to him, 'my friend

is in the house'; so without any more words he brought them together. When he came to the minister, he

asked him if he would venture to marry a couple of strangers that were both willing. The parson said that

Mr. had said something to him of it; that he hoped it was no clandestine business; that he seemed to be a

grave gentleman, and he supposed madam was not a girl, so that the consent of friends should be wanted. 'To

put you out of doubt of that,' says my gentleman, 'read this paper'; and out he pulls the license. 'I am satisfied,'

says the minister; 'where is the lady?' 'You shall see her presently,' says my gentleman.

When he had said thus he comes upstairs, and I was by that time come out of my room; so he tells me the

minister was below, and that he had talked with him, and that upon showing him the license, he was free to

marry us with all his heart, 'but he asks to see you'; so he asked if I would let him come up.

''Tis time enough,' said I, 'in the morning, is it not?' 'Why,' said he, 'my dear, he seemed to scruple whether it

was not some young girl stolen from her parents, and I assured him we were both of age to command our

own consent; and that made him ask to see you.' 'Well,' said I, 'do as you please'; so up they brings the parson,

and a merry, good sort of gentleman he was. He had been told, it seems, that we had met there by accident,

that I came in the Chester coach, and my gentleman in his own coach to meet me; that we were to have met

last night at StonyStratford, but that he could not reach so far. 'Well, sir,' says the parson, 'every ill turn has

some good in it. The disappointment, sir,' says he to my gentleman, 'was yours, and the good turn is mine, for

if you had met at StonyStratford I had not had the honour to marry you. Landlord, have you a Common

I started as if I had been frightened. 'Lord, sir,' says I, 'what do you mean? What, to marry in an inn, and at

night too?' 'Madam,' says the minister, 'if you will have it be in the church, you shall; but I assure you your

marriage will be as firm here as in the church; we are not tied by the canons to marry nowhere but in the

church; and if you will have it in the church, it will be a public as a county fair; and as for the time of day, it

does not at all weigh in this case; our princes are married in their chambers, and at eight or ten o'clock at

I was a great while before I could be persuaded, and pretended not to be willing at all to be married but in the

church. But it was all grimace; so I seemed at last to be prevailed on, and my landlord and his wife and

daughter were called up. My landlord was father and clerk and all together, and we were married, and very

merry we were; though I confess the selfreproaches which I had upon me before lay close to me, and

extorted every now and then a deep sigh from me, which my bridegroom took notice of, and endeavoured to

encourage me, thinking, poor man, that I had some little hesitations at the step I had taken so hastily.

We enjoyed ourselves that evening completely, and yet all was kept so private in the inn that not a servant in

the house knew of it, for my landlady and her daughter waited on me, and would not let any of the maids

come upstairs, except while we were at supper. My landlady's daughter I called my bridesmaid; and sending

for a shopkeeper the next morning, I gave the young woman a good suit of knots, as good as the town would

afford, and finding it was a lacemaking town, I gave her mother a piece of bonelace for a head.

One reason that my landlord was so close was, that he was unwilling the minister of the parish should hear of

it; but for all that somebody heard of it, so at that we had the bells set aringing the next morning early, and

the music, such as the town would afford, under our window; but my landlord brazened it out, that we were

married before we came thither, only that, being his former guests, we would have our weddingsupper at his

We could not find in our hearts to stir the next day; for, in short, having been disturbed by the bells in the

morning, and having perhaps not slept overmuch before, we were so sleepy afterwards that we lay in bed till

I begged my landlady that we might not have any more music in the town, nor ringing of bells, and she

managed it so well that we were very quiet; but an odd passage interrupted all my mirth for a good while. The

great room of the house looked into the street, and my new spouse being belowstairs, I had walked to the end

of the room; and it being a pleasant, warm day, I had opened the window, and was standing at it for some air,

when I saw three gentlemen come by on horseback and go into an inn just against us.

It was not to be concealed, nor was it so doubtful as to leave me any room to question it, but the second of the

three was my Lancashire husband. I was frightened to death; I never was in such a consternation in my life; I

though I should have sunk into the ground; my blood ran chill in my veins, and I trembled as if I had been in

a cold fit of ague. I say, there was no room to question the truth of it; I knew his clothes, I knew his horse,

The first sensible reflect I made was, that my husband was not by to see my disorder, and that I was very glad

of it. The gentlemen had not been long in the house but they came to the window of their room, as is usual;

but my window was shut, you may be sure. However, I could not keep from peeping at them, and there I saw

him again, heard him call out to one of the servants of the house for something he wanted, and received all

the terrifying confirmations of its being the same person that were possible to be had.

My next concern was to know, if possible, what was his business there; but that was impossible. Sometimes

my imagination formed an idea of one frightful thing, sometimes of another; sometime I thought he had

discovered me, and was come to upbraid me with ingratitude and breach of honour; and every moment I

fancied he was coming up the stairs to insult me; and innumerable fancies came into my head of what was

I remained in this fright nearly two hours, and scarce ever kept my eye from the window or door of the inn

where they were. At last, hearing a great clatter in the passage of their inn, I ran to the window, and, to my

great satisfaction, saw them all three go out again and travel on westward. Had they gone towards London, I

should have been still in a fright, lest I should meet him on the road again, and that he should know me; but

We resolved to be going the next day, but about six o'clock at night we were alarmed with a great uproar in

the street, and people riding as if they had been out of their wits; and what was it but a hueandcry after

three highwaymen that had robbed two coaches and some other travellers near Dunstable Hill, and notice

had, it seems, been given that they had been seen at Brickhill at such a house, meaning the house where those

The house was immediately beset and searched, but there were witnesses enough that the gentlemen had been

gone over three hours. The crowd having gathered about, we had the news presently; and I was heartily

concerned now another way. I presently told the people of the house, that I durst to say those were not the

persons, for that I knew one of the gentlemen to be a very honest person, and of a good estate in Lancashire.

The constable who came with the hueandcry was immediately informed of this, and came over to me to be

satisfied from my own mouth, and I assured him that I saw the three gentlemen as I was at the window; that I

saw them afterwards at the windows of the room they dined in; that I saw them afterwards take horse, and I

could assure him I knew one of them to be such a man, that he was a gentleman of a very good estate, and an

The assurance with which I delivered this gave the mob gentry a check, and gave the constable such

satisfaction, that he immediately sounded a retreat, told his people these were not the men, but that he had an

account they were very honest gentlemen; and so they went all back again. What the truth of the matter was I

knew not, but certain it was that the coaches were robbed at Dunstable Hill, and #560 in money taken;

besides, some of the lace merchants that always travel that way had been visited too. As to the three

Well, this alarm stopped us another day, though my spouse was for travelling, and told me that it was always

safest travelling after a robbery, for that the thieves were sure to be gone far enough off when they had

alarmed the country; but I was afraid and uneasy, and indeed principally lest my old acquaintance should be

I never lived four pleasanter days together in my life. I was a mere bride all this while, and my new spouse

strove to make me entirely easy in everything. Oh could this state of life have continued, how had all my past

troubles been forgot, and my future sorrows avoided! But I had a past life of a most wretched kind to account

We came away the fifth day; and my landlord, because he saw me uneasy, mounted himself, his son, and

three honest country fellows with good firearms, and, without telling us of it, followed the coach, and would

see us safe into Dunstable. We could do no less than treat them very handsomely at Dunstable, which cost my

spouse about ten or twelve shillings, and something he gave the men for their time too, but my landlord

This was the most happy contrivance for me that could have fallen out; for had I come to London unmarried,

I must either have come to him for the first night's entertainment, or have discovered to him that I had not one

acquaintance in the whole city of London that could receive a poor bridge for the first night's lodging with

her spouse. But now, being an old married woman, I made no scruple of going directly home with him, and

there I took possession at once of a house well furnished, and a husband in very good circumstances, so that I

had a prospect of a very happy life, if I knew how to manage it; and I had leisure to consider of the real value

of the life I was likely to live. How different it was to be from the loose ungoverned part I had acted before,

and how much happier a life of virtue and sobriety is, than that which we call a life of pleasure.

Oh had this particular scene of life lasted, or had I learned from that time I enjoyed it, to have tasted the true

sweetness of it, and had I not fallen into that poverty which is the sure bane of virtue, how happy had I been,

not only here, but perhaps for ever! for while I lived thus, I was really a penitent for all my life past. I looked

back on it with abhorrence, and might truly be said to hate myself for it. I often reflected how my lover at the

Bath, struck at the hand of God, repented and abandoned me, and refused to see me any more, though he

loved me to an extreme; but I, prompted by that worst of devils, poverty, returned to the vile practice, and

made the advantage of what they call a handsome face to be the relief to my necessities, and beauty be a pimp

Now I seemed landed in a safe harbour, after the stormy voyage of life past was at an end, and I began to be

thankful for my deliverance. I sat many an hour by myself, and wept over the remembrance of past follies,

and the dreadful extravagances of a wicked life, and sometimes I flattered myself that I had sincerely

But there are temptations which it is not in the power of human nature to resist, and few know what would be

their case if driven to the same exigencies. As covetousness is the root of all evil, so poverty is, I believe, the

I live with this husband with the utmost tranquillity; he was a quiet, sensible, sober man; virtuous, modest,

sincere, and in his business diligent and just. His business was in a narrow compass, and his income sufficient

to a plentiful way of living in the ordinary way. I do not say to keep an equipage, and make a figure, as the

world calls it, nor did I expect it, or desire it; for as I abhorred the levity and extravagance of my former life,

so I chose now to live retired, frugal, and within ourselves. I kept no company, made no visits; minded my

We lived in an uninterrupted course of ease and content for five years, when a sudden blow from an almost

invisible hand blasted all my happiness, and turned me out into the world in a condition the reverse of all that

My husband having trusted one of his fellowclerks with a sum of money, too much for our fortunes to bear

the loss of, the clerk failed, and the loss fell very heavy on my husband, yet it was not so great neither but

that, if he had had spirit and courage to have looked his misfortunes in the face, his credit was so good that, as

I told him, he would easily recover it; for to sink under trouble is to double the weight, and he that will die in

It was in vain to speak comfortably to him; the wound had sunk too deep; it was a stab that touched the vitals;

he grew melancholy and disconsolate, and from thence lethargic, and died. I foresaw the blow, and was

extremely oppressed in my mind, for I saw evidently that if he died I was undone.

I had had two children by him and no more, for, to tell the truth, it began to be time for me to leave bearing

children, for I was now eightandforty, and I suppose if he had lived I should have had no more.

I was now left in a dismal and disconsolate case indeed, and in several things worse than ever. First, it was

past the flourishing time with me when I might expect to be courted for a mistress; that agreeable part had

declined some time, and the ruins only appeared of what had been; and that which was worse than all this,

that I was the most dejected, disconsolate creature alive. I that had encouraged my husband, and endeavoured

to support his spirits under his trouble, could not support my own; I wanted that spirit in trouble which I told

But my case was indeed deplorable, for I was left perfectly friendless and helpless, and the loss my husband

had sustained had reduced his circumstances so low, that though indeed I was not in debt, yet I could easily

foresee that what was left would not support me long; that while it wasted daily for subsistence, I had not way

to increase it one shilling, so that it would be soon all spent, and then I saw nothing before me but the utmost

distress; and this represented itself so lively to my thoughts, that it seemed as if it was come, before it was

really very near; also my very apprehensions doubled the misery, for I fancied every sixpence that I paid for a

loaf of bread was the last that I had in the world, and that tomorrow I was to fast, and be starved to death.

In this distress I had no assistant, no friend to comfort or advise me; I sat and cried and tormented myself

night and day, wringing my hands, and sometimes raving like a distracted woman; and indeed I have often

wondered it had not affected my reason, for I had the vapours to such a degree, that my understanding was

I lived two years in this dismal condition, wasting that little I had, weeping continually over my dismal

circumstances, and, as it were, only bleeding to death, without the least hope or prospect of help from God or

man; and now I had cried too long, and so often, that tears were, as I might say, exhausted, and I began to be

For a little relief I had put off my house and took lodgings; and as I was reducing my living, so I sold off

most of my goods, which put a little money in my pocket, and I lived near a year upon that, spending very

sparingly, an eking things out to the utmost; but still when I looked before me, my very heart would sink

within me at the inevitable approach of misery and want. Oh let none read this part without seriously

reflecting on the circumstances of a desolate state, and how they would grapple with mere want of friends and

want of bread; it will certainly make them think not of sparing what they have only, but of looking up to

heaven for support, and of the wise man's prayer, 'Give me not poverty, lest I steal.'

Let them remember that a time of distress is a time of dreadful temptation, and all the strength to resist is

taken away; poverty presses, the soul is made desperate by distress, and what can be done? It was one

evening, when being brought, as I may say, to the last gasp, I think I may truly say I was distracted and

raving, when prompted by I know not what spirit, and, as it were, doing I did not know what or why, I

dressed me (for I had still pretty good clothes) and went out. I am very sure I had no manner of design in my

head when I went out; I neither knew nor considered where to go, or on what business; but as the devil

carried me out and laid his bait for me, so he brought me, to be sure, to the place, for I knew not whither I

Wandering thus about, I knew not whither, I passed by an apothecary's shop in Leadenhall Street, when I saw

lie on a stool just before the counter a little bundle wrapped in a white cloth; beyond it stood a maidservant

with her back to it, looking towards the top of the shop, where the apothecary's apprentice, as I suppose, was

standing upon the counter, with his back also to the door, and a candle in his hand, looking and reaching up to

the upper shelf for something he wanted, so that both were engaged mighty earnestly, and nobody else in the

This was the bait; and the devil, who I said laid the snare, as readily prompted me as if he had spoke, for I

remember, and shall never forget it, 'twas like a voice spoken to me over my shoulder, 'Take the bundle; be

quick; do it this moment.' It was no sooner said but I stepped into the shop, and with my back to the wench,

as if I had stood up for a cart that was going by, I put my hand behind me and took the bundle, and went off

It is impossible to express the horror of my soul al the while I did it. When I went away I had no heart to run,

or scarce to mend my pace. I crossed the street indeed, and went down the first turning I came to, and I think

it was a street that went through into Fenchurch Street. From thence I crossed and turned through so many

ways an turnings, that I could never tell which way it was, not where I went; for I felt not the ground I

stepped on, and the farther I was out of danger, the faster I went, till, tired and out of breath, I was forced to

sit down on a little bench at a door, and then I began to recover, and found I was got into Thames Street, near

Billingsgate. I rested me a little and went on; my blood was all in a fire; my heart beat as if I was in a sudden

fright. In short, I was under such a surprise that I still knew not wither I was going, or what to do.

After I had tired myself thus with walking a long way about, and so eagerly, I began to consider and make

When the bundle was made up for, or on what occasion laid where I found it, I knew not, but when I came to

open it I found there was a suit of childbedlinen in it, very good and almost new, the lace very fine; there

was a silver porringer of a pint, a small silver mug and six spoons, with some other linen, a good smock, and

three silk handkerchiefs, and in the mug, wrapped up in a paper, 18s. 6d. in money.

All the while I was opening these things I was under such dreadful impressions of fear, and I such terror of

mind, though I was perfectly safe, that I cannot express the manner of it. I sat me down, and cried most

vehemently. 'Lord,' said I, 'what am I now? a thief! Why, I shall be take next time, and be carried to Newgate

and be tried for my life!' And with that I cried again a long time, and I am sure, as poor as I was, if I had durst

for fear, I would certainly have carried the things back again; but that went off after a while. Well, I went to

bed for that night, but slept little; the horror of the fact was upon my mind, and I knew not what I said or did

all night, and all the next day. Then I was impatient to hear some news of the loss; and would fain know how

it was, whether they were a poor body's goods, or a rich. 'Perhaps,' said I, 'it may be some poor widow like

me, that had packed up these goods to go and sell them for a little bread for herself and a poor child, and are

now starving and breaking their hearts for want of that little they would have fetched.' And this thought

But my own distresses silenced all these reflections, and the prospect of my own starving, which grew every

day more frightful to me, hardened my heart by degrees. It was then particularly heavy upon my mind, that I

had been reformed, and had, as I hoped, repented of all my past wickedness; that I had lived a sober, grave,

retired life for several years, but now I should be driven by the dreadful necessity of my circumstances to the

gates of destruction, soul and body; and two or three times I fell upon my knees, praying to God, as well as I

could, for deliverance; but I cannot but say, my prayers had no hope in them. I knew not what to do; it was all

fear without, and dark within; and I reflected on my past life as not sincerely repented of, that Heaven was

now beginning to punish me on this side the grave, and would make me as miserable as I had been wicked.

Had I gone on here I had perhaps been a true penitent; but I had an evil counsellor within, and he was

continually prompting me to relieve myself by the worst means; so one evening he tempted me again, by the

same wicked impulse that had said 'Take that bundle,' to go out again and seek for what might happen.

I went out now by daylight, and wandered about I knew not whither, and in search of I knew not what, when

the devil put a snare in my way of a dreadful nature indeed, and such a one as I have never had before or

since. Going through Aldersgate Street, there was a pretty little child who had been at a dancingschool, and

was going home, all alone; and my prompter, like a true devil, set me upon this innocent creature. I talked to

it, and it prattled to me again, and I took it by the hand and led it along till I came to a paved alley that goes

into Bartholomew Close, and I led it in there. The child said that was not its way home. I said, 'Yes, my dear,

it is; I'll show you the way home.' The child had a little necklace on of gold beads, and I had my eye upon

that, and in the dark of the alley I stooped, pretending to mend the child's clog that was loose, and took off

her necklace, and the child never felt it, and so led the child on again. Here, I say, the devil put me upon

killing the child in the dark alley, that it might not cry, but the very thought frighted me so that I was ready to

drop down; but I turned the child about and bade it go back again, for that was not its way home. The child

said, so she would, and I went through into Bartholomew Close, and then turned round to another passage

that goes into St. John Street; then, crossing into Smithfield, went down Chick Lane and into Field Lane to

Holborn Bridge, when, mixing with the crowd of people usually passing there, it was not possible to have

The thoughts of this booty put out all the thoughts of the first, and the reflections I had made wore quickly

off; poverty, as I have said, hardened my heart, and my own necessities made me regardless of anything. The

last affair left no great concern upon me, for as I did the poor child no harm, I only said to myself, I had given

the parents a just reproof for their negligence in leaving the poor little lamb to come home by itself, and it

This string of beads was worth about twelve or fourteen pounds. I suppose it might have been formerly the

mother's, for it was too big for the child's wear, but that perhaps the vanity of the mother, to have her child

look fine at the dancingschool, had made her let the child wear it; and no doubt the child had a maid sent to

take care of it, but she, careless jade, was taken up perhaps with some fellow that had met her by the way, and

However, I did the child no harm; I did not so much as fright it, for I had a great many tender thoughts about

I had a great many adventures after this, but I was young in the business, and did not know how to manage,

otherwise than as the devil put things into my head; and indeed he was seldom backward to me. One

adventure I had which was very lucky to me. I was going through Lombard Street in the duck of the evening,

just by the end of Three King court, when on a sudden comes a fellow running by me as swift as lightning,

and throws a bundle that was in his hand, just behind me, as I stood up against the corner of the house at the

turning into the alley. Just as he threw it in he said, 'God bless you, mistress, let it lie there a little,' and away

he runs swift as the wind. After him comes two more, and immediately a young fellow without his hat, crying

'Stop thief!' and after him two or three more. They pursued the two last fellows so close, that they were forced

to drop what they had got, and one of them was taken into the bargain, and other got off free.

I stood stockstill all this while, till they came back, dragging the poor fellow they had taken, and lugging the

things they had found, extremely well satisfied that they had recovered the booty and taken the thief; and thus

they passed by me, for I looked only like one who stood up while the crowd was gone.

Once or twice I asked what was the matter, but the people neglected answering me, and I was not very

importunate; but after the crowd was wholly past, I took my opportunity to turn about and take up what was

behind me and walk away. This, indeed, I did with less disturbance than I had done formerly, for these things

I did not steal, but they were stolen to my hand. I got safe to my lodgings with this cargo, which was a piece

of fine black lustring silk, and a piece of velvet; the latter was but part of a piece of about eleven yards; the

former was a whole piece of near fifty yards. It seems it was a mercer's shop that they had rifled. I say rifled,

because the goods were so considerable that they had lost; for the goods that they recovered were pretty

many, and I believe came to about six or seven several pieces of silk. How they came to get so many I could

not tell; but as I had only robbed the thief, I made no scruple at taking these goods, and being very glad of

I had pretty good luck thus far, and I made several adventures more, though with but small purchase, yet with

good success, but I went in daily dread that some mischief would befall me, and that I should certainly come

to be hanged at last. The impression this made on me was too strong to be slighted, and it kept me from

making attempts that, for ought I knew, might have been very safely performed; but one thing I cannot omit,

which was a bait to me many a day. I walked frequently out into the villages round the town, to see if nothing

would fall in my way there; and going by a house near Stepney, I saw on the windowboard two rings, one a

small diamond ring, and the other a gold ring, to be sure laid there by some thoughtless lady, that had more

I walked several times by the window to observe if I could see whether there was anybody in the room or no,

and I could see nobody, but still I was not sure. It came presently into my thoughts to rap at the glass, as if I

wanted to speak with somebody, and if anybody was there they would be sure to come to the window, and

then I would tell them to remove those rings, for that I had seen two suspicious fellows take notice of them.

This was a ready thought. I rapped once or twice and nobody came, when, seeing the coast clear, I thrust hard

against the square of the glass, and broke it with very little noise, and took out the two rings, and walked

away with them very safe. The diamond ring was worth about #3, and the other about 9s.

I was now at a loss for a market for my goods, and especially for my two pieces of silk. I was very loth to

dispose of them for a trifle, as the poor unhappy thieves in general do, who, after they have ventured their

lives for perhaps a thing of value, are fain to sell it for a song when they have done; but I was resolved I

would not do thus, whatever shift I made, unless I was driven to the last extremity. However, I did not well

know what course to take. At last I resolved to go to my old governess, and acquaint myself with her again. I

had punctually supplied the #5 a year to her for my little boy as long as I was able, but at last was obliged to

put a stop to it. However, I had written a letter to her, wherein I had told her that my circumstances were

reduced very low; that I had lost my husband, and that I was not able to do it any longer, and so begged that

I now made her a visit, and I found that she drove something of the old trade still, but that she was not in such

flourishing circumstances as before; for she had been sued by a certain gentleman who had had his daughter

stolen from him, and who, it seems, she had helped to convey away; and it was very narrowly that she

escaped the gallows. The expense also had ravaged her, and she was become very poor; her house was but

meanly furnished, and she was not in such repute for her practice as before; however, she stood upon her

legs, as they say, and a she was a stirring, bustling woman, and had some stock left, she was turned

She received me very civilly, and with her usual obliging manner told me she would not have the less respect

for me for my being reduced; that she had taken care my boy was very well looked after, though I could not

pay for him, and that the woman that had him was easy, so that I needed not to trouble myself about him till I

I told her that I had not much money left, but that I had some things that were money's worth, if she could tell

me how I might turn them into money. She asked me what it was I had. I pulled out the string of gold beads,

and told her it was one of my husband's presents to me; then I showed her the two parcels of silk, which I told

her I had from Ireland, and brought up to town with me; and the little diamond ring. As to the small parcel of

plate and spoons, I had found means to dispose of them myself before; and as for the childbedlinen I had,

she offered me to take it herself, believing it to have been my own. She told me that she was turned

pawnbroker, and that she would sell those things for me as pawn to her; and so she sent presently for proper

agents that bought them, being in her hands, without any scruple, and gave good prices too.

I now began to think this necessary woman might help me a little in my low condition to some business, for I

would gladly have turned my hand to any honest employment if I could have got it. But here she was

deficient; honest business did not come within her reach. If I had been younger, perhaps she might have

helped me to a spark, but my thoughts were off that kind of livelihood, as being quite out of the way after

She invited me at last to come, and be at her house till I could find something to do, and it should cost me

very little, and this I gladly accepted of. And now living a little easier, I entered into some measures to have

my little son by my last husband taken off; and this she made easy too, reserving a payment only of #5 a year,

if I could pay it. This was such a help to me, that for a good while I left off the wicked trade that I had so

newlytaken up; and gladly I would have got my bread by the help of my needle if I could have got work, but

that was very hard to do for one that had no manner of acquaintance in the world.

However, at last I got some quilting work for ladies' beds, petticoats, and the like; and this I liked very well,

and worked very hard, and with this I began to live; but the diligent devil, who resolved I should continue in

his service, continually prompted me to go out and take a walk, that is to say, to see if anything would offer

One evening I blindly obeyed his summons, and fetched a long circuit through the streets, but met with no

purchase, and came home very weary and empty; but not content with that, I went out the next evening too,

when going by an alehouse I saw the door of a little room open, next the very street, and on the table a silver

tankard, things much in use in publichouses at that time. It seems some company had been drinking there,

I went into the box frankly, and setting the silver tankard on the corner of the bench, I sat down before it, and

knocked with my foot; a boy came presently, and I bade him fetch me a pint of warm ale, for it was cold

weather; the boy ran, and I heard him go down the cellar to draw the ale. While the boy was gone, another

boy came into the room, and cried, 'D' ye call?' I spoke with a melancholy air, and said, 'No, child; the boy is

While I sat here, I heard the woman in the bar say, 'Are they all gone in the five?' which was the box I sat in,

and the boy said, 'Yes.' 'Who fetched the tankard away?' says the woman. 'I did,' says another boy; 'that's it,'

pointing, it seems, to another tankard, which he had fetched from another box by mistake; or else it must be,

that the rogue forgot that he had not brought it in, which certainly he had not.

I heard all this, much to my satisfaction, for I found plainly that the tankard was not missed, and yet they

concluded it was fetched away; so I drank my ale, called to pay, and as I went away I said, 'Take care of your

plate, child,' meaning a silver pint mug, which he brought me drink in. The boy said, 'Yes, madam, very

I came home to my governess, and now I thought it was a time to try her, that if I might be put to the

necessity of being exposed, she might offer me some assistance. When I had been at home some time, and

had an opportunity of talking to her, I told her I had a secret of the greatest consequence in the world to

commit to her, if she had respect enough for me to keep it a secret. She told me she had kept one of my

secrets faithfully; why should I doubt her keeping another? I told her the strangest thing in the world had

befallen me, and that it had made a thief of me, even without any design, and so told her the whole story of

the tankard. 'And have you brought it away with you, my dear?' says she. 'To be sure I have,' says I, and

'Carry it again!' says she. 'Ay, if you are minded to be sent to Newgate for stealing it.' 'Why,' says I, 'they can't

be so base to stop me, when I carry it to them again?' 'You don't know those sort of people, child,' says she;

'they'll not only carry you to Newgate, but hang you too, without any regard to the honesty of returning it; or

bring in an account of all the other tankards they have lost, for you to pay for.' 'What must I do, then?' says I.

'Nay,' says she, 'as you have played the cunning part and stole it, you must e'en keep it; there's no going back

now. Besides, child,' says she, 'don't you want it more than they do? I wish you could light of such a bargain

This gave me a new notion of my governess, and that since she was turned pawnbroker, she had a sort of

people about her that were none of the honest ones that I had met with there before.

I had not been long there but I discovered it more plainly than before, for every now and then I saw hilts of

swords, spoons, forks, tankards, and all such kind of ware brought in, not to be pawned, but to be sold

downright; and she bought everything that came without asking any questions, but had very good bargains, as

I found also that in following this trade she always melted down the plate she bought, that it might not be

challenged; and she came to me and told me one morning that she was going to melt, and if I would, she

would put my tankard in, that it might not be seen by anybody. I told her, with all my heart; so she weighed

it, and allowed me the full value in silver again; but I found she did not do the same to the rest of her

Some time after this, as I was at work, and very melancholy, she begins to ask me what the matter was, as she

was used to do. I told her my heart was heavy; I had little work, and nothing to live on, and knew not what

course to take. She laughed, and told me I must go out again and try my fortune; it might be that I might meet

with another piece of plate. 'O mother!' says I, 'that is a trade I have no skill in, and if I should be taken I am

undone at once.' Says she, 'I could help you to a schoolmistress that shall make you as dexterous as herself.' I

trembled at that proposal, for hitherto I had had no confederates, nor any acquaintance among that tribe. But

she conquered all my modesty, and all my fears; and in a little time, by the help of this confederate, I grew as

impudent a thief, and as dexterous as ever Moll Cutpurse was, though, if fame does not belie her, not half so

The comrade she helped me to dealt in three sorts of craft, viz. shoplifting, stealing of shopbooks and

pocketbooks, and taking off gold watches from the ladies' sides; and this last she did so dexterously that no

woman ever arrived to the performance of that art so as to do it like her. I liked the first and the last of these

things very well, and I attended her some time in the practice, just as a deputy attends a midwife, without any

At length she put me to practice. She had shown me her art, and I had several times unhooked a watch from

her own side with great dexterity. At last she showed me a prize, and this was a young lady big with child,

who had a charming watch. The thing was to be done as she came out of church. She goes on one side of the

lady, and pretends, just as she came to the steps, to fall, and fell against the lady with so much violence as put

her into a great fright, and both cried out terribly. In the very moment that she jostled the lady, I had hold of

the watch, and holding it the right way, the start she gave drew the hook out, and she never felt it. I made off

immediately, and left my schoolmistress to come out of her pretended fright gradually, and the lady too; and

presently the watch was missed. 'Ay,' says my comrade, 'then it was those rogues that thrust me down, I

warrant ye; I wonder the gentlewoman did not miss her watch before,then we might have taken them.'

She humoured the thing so well that nobody suspected her, and I was got home a full hour before her. This

was my first adventure in company. The watch was indeed a very fine one, and had a great many trinkets

about it, and my governess allowed us #20 for it, of which I had half. And thus I was entered a complete

thief, hardened to the pitch above all the reflections of conscience or modesty, and to a degree which I must

Thus the devil, who began, by the help of an irresistible poverty, to push me into this wickedness, brought me

on to a height beyond the common rate, even when my necessities were not so great, or the prospect of my

misery so terrifying; for I had now got into a little vein of work, and as I was not at a loss to handle my

needle, it was very probable, as acquaintance came in, I might have got my bread honestly enough.

I must say, that if such a prospect of work had presented itself at first, when I began to feel the approach of

my miserable circumstancesI say, had such a prospect of getting my bread by working presented itself

then, I had never fallen into this wicked trade, or into such a wicked gang as I was now embarked with; but

practice had hardened me, and I grew audacious to the last degree; and the more so because I had carried it on

so long, and had never been taken; for, in a word, my new partner in wickedness and I went on together so

long, without being ever detected, that we not only grew bold, but we grew rich, and we had at one time

I remember that one day being a little more serious than ordinary, and finding I had so good a stock

beforehand as I had, for I had near #200 in money for my share, it came strongly into my mind, no doubt

from some kind spirit, if such there be, that at first poverty excited me, and my distresses drove me to these

dreadful shifts; so seeing those distresses were now relieved, and I could also get something towards a

maintenance by working, and had so good a bank to support me, why should I now not leave off, as they say,

while I was well? that I could not expect to go always free; and if I was once surprised, and miscarried, I was

This was doubtless the happy minute, when, if I had hearkened to the blessed hint, from whatsoever had it

came, I had still a cast for an easy life. But my fate was otherwise determined; the busy devil that so

industriously drew me in had too fast hold of me to let me go back; but as poverty brought me into the mire,

so avarice kept me in, till there was no going back. As to the arguments which my reason dictated for

persuading me to lay down, avarice stepped in and said, 'Go on, go on; you have had very good luck; go on

till you have gotten four or five hundred pounds, and they you shall leave off, and then you may live easy

Thus I, that was once in the devil's clutches, was held fast there as with a charm, and had no power to go

without the circle, till I was engulfed in labyrinths of trouble too great to get out at all.

However, these thoughts left some impression upon me, and made me act with some more caution than

before, and more than my directors used for themselves. My comrade, as I called her, but rather she should

have been called my teacher, with another of her scholars, was the first in the misfortune; for, happening to

be upon the hunt for purchase, they made an attempt upon a linendraper in Cheapside, but were snapped by

a hawk'seyed journeyman, and seized with two pieces of cambric, which were taken also upon them.

This was enough to lodge them both in Newgate, where they had the misfortune to have some of their former

sins brought to remembrance. Two other indictments being brought against them, and the facts being proved

upon them, they were both condemned to die. They both pleaded their bellies, and were both voted quick

I went frequently to see them, and condole with them, expecting that it would be my turn next; but the place

gave me so much horror, reflecting that it was the place of my unhappy birth, and of my mother's

misfortunes, and that I could not bear it, so I was forced to leave off going to see them.

And oh! could I have but taken warning by their disasters, I had been happy still, for I was yet free, and had

nothing brought against me; but it could not be, my measure was not yet filled up.

My comrade, having the brand of an old offender, was executed; the young offender was spared, having

obtained a reprieve, but lay starving a long while in prison, till at last she got her name into what they call a

This terrible example of my comrade frighted me heartily, and for a good while I made no excursions; but

one night, in the neighbourhood of my governess's house, they cried "Fire.' My governess looked out, for we

were all up, and cried immediately that such a gentlewoman's house was all of a light fire atop, and so indeed

it was. Here she gives me a job. 'Now, child,' says she, 'there is a rare opportunity, for the fire being so near

that you may go to it before the street is blocked up with the crowd.' She presently gave me my cue. 'Go,

child,' says she, 'to the house, and run in and tell the lady, or anybody you see, that you come to help them,

and that you came from such a gentlewoman (that is, one of her acquaintance farther up the street).' She gave

me the like cue to the next house, naming another name that was also an acquaintance of the gentlewoman of

Away I went, and, coming to the house, I found them all in confusion, you may be sure. I ran in, and finding

one of the maids, 'Lord! sweetheart,' says I, 'how came this dismal accident? Where is your mistress? Any

how does she do? Is she safe? And where are the children? I come from Madam to help you.' Away

runs the maid. 'Madam, madam,' says she, screaming as loud as she could yell, 'here is a gentlewoman come

from Madam to help us.' The poor woman, half out of her wits, with a bundle under her arm, an two

little children, comes toward me. 'Lord! madam,' says I, 'let me carry the poor children to Madam ,' she

desires you to send them; she'll take care of the poor lambs;' and immediately I takes one of them out of her

hand, and she lifts the other up into my arms. 'Ay, do, for God's sake,' says she, 'carry them to her. Oh! thank

her for her kindness.' 'Have you anything else to secure, madam?' says I; 'she will take care of it.' 'Oh dear!

ay,' says she, 'God bless her, and thank her. Take this bundle of plate and carry it to her too. Oh, she is a good

woman. Oh Lord! we are utterly ruined, utterly undone!' And away she runs from me out of her wits, and the

I was no sooner got into the street but I saw another woman come to me. 'Oh!' says she, 'mistress,' in a piteous

tone, 'you will let fall the child. Come, this is a sad time; let me help you'; and immediately lays hold of my

bundle to carry it for me. 'No,' says I; 'if you will help me, take the child by the hand, and lead it for me but to

She could not aviod going, after what I said; but the creature, in short, was one of the same business with me,

and wanted nothing but the bundle; however, she went with me to the door, for she could not help it. When

we were come there I whispered her, 'Go, child,' said I, 'I understand your trade; you may meet with purchase

She understood me and walked off. I thundered at the door with the children, and as the people were raised

before by the noise of the fire, I was soon let in, and I said, 'Is madam awake? Pray tell her Mrs. desires

the favour of her to take the two children in; poor lady, she will be undone, their house is all of a flame,' They

took the children in very civilly, pitied the family in distress, and away came I with my bundle. One of the

maids asked me if I was not to leave the bundle too. I said, 'No, sweetheart, 'tis to go to another place; it does

I was a great way out of the hurry now, and so I went on, clear of anybody's inquiry, and brought the bundle

of plate, which was very considerable, straight home, and gave it to my old governess. She told me she would

She gave me the like cue to the gentlewoman of the next house to that which was on fire, and I did my

endeavour to go, but by this time the alarm of fire was so great, and so many engines playing, and the street

so thronged with people, that I could not get near the house whatever I would do; so I came back again to my

governess's, and taking the bundle up into my chamber, I began to examine it. It is with horror that I tell what

a treasure I found there; 'tis enough to say, that besides most of the family plate, which was considerable, I

found a gold chain, an oldfashioned thing, the locket of which was broken, so that I suppose it had not been

used some years, but the gold was not the worse for that; also a little box of buryingrings, the lady's

weddingring, and some broken bits of old lockets of gold, a gold watch, and a purse with about #24 value in

This was the greatest and the worst prize that ever I was concerned in; for indeed, though, as I have said

above, I was hardened now beyond the power of all reflection in other cases, yet it really touched me to the

very soul when I looked into this treasure, to think of the poor disconsolate gentlewoman who had lost so

much by the fire besides; and who would think, to be sure, that she had saved her plate and best things; how

she would be surprised and afflicted when she should find that she had been deceived, and should find that

the person that took her children and her goods, had not come, as was pretended, from the gentlewoman in

the next street, but that the children had been put upon her without her own knowledge.

I say, I confess the inhumanity of this action moved me very much, and made me relent exceedingly, and

tears stood in my eyes upon that subject; but with all my sense of its being cruel and inhuman, I could never

find in my heart to make any restitution. The reflection wore off, and I began quickly to forget the

Now was this all; for though by this job I was become considerably richer than before, yet the resolution I

had formerly taken, of leaving off this horrid trade when I had gotten a little more, did not return, but I must

still get farther, and more; and the avarice joined so with the success, that I had no more thought of coming to

a timely alteration of life, though without it I could expect no safety, no tranquillity in the possession of what

I had so wickedly gained; but a little more, and a little more, was the case still.

At length, yielding to the importunities of my crime, I cast off all remorse and repentance, and all the

reflections on that head turned to no more than this, that I might perhaps come to have one booty more that

might complete my desires; but though I certainly had that one booty, yet every hit looked towards another,

and was so encouraging to me to go on with the trade, that I had no gust to the thought of laying it down.

In this condition, hardened by success, and resolving to go on, I fell into the snare in which I was appointed

to meet with my last reward for this kind of life. But even this was not yet, for I met with several successful

I remained still with my governess, who was for a while really concerned for the misfortune of my comrade

that had been hanged, and who, it seems, knew enough of my governess to have sent her the same way, and

It is true that when she was gone, and had not opened mouth to tell what she knew, my governess was easy as

to that point, and perhaps glad she was hanged, for it was in her power to have obtained a pardon at the

expense of her friends; but on the other hand, the loss of her, and the sense of her kindness in not making her

market of what she knew, moved my governess to mourn very sincerely for her. I comforted her as well as I

However, as I have said, it made me the more wary, and particularly I was very shy of shoplifting, especially

among the mercers and drapers, who are a set of fellows that have their eyes very much about them. I made a

venture or two among the lace folks and the milliners, and particularly at one shop where I got notice of two

young women who were newly set up, and had not been bred to the trade. There I think I carried off a piece

of bonelace, worth six or seven pounds, and a paper of thread. But this was but once; it was a trick that

It was always reckoned a safe job when we heard of a new shop, and especially when the people were such as

were not bred to shops. Such may depend upon it that they will be visited once or twice at their beginning,

I made another adventure or two, but they were but trifles too, though sufficient to live on. After this nothing

considerable offering for a good while, I began to think that I must give over the trade in earnest; but my

governess, who was not willing to lose me, and expected great things of me, brought me one day into

company with a young woman and a fellow that went for her husband, though as it appeared afterwards, she

was not his wife, but they were partners, it seems, in the trade they carried on, and partners in something else.

In short, they robbed together, lay together, were taken together, and at last were hanged together.

I came into a kind of league with these two by the help of my governess, and they carried me out into three or

four adventures, where I rather saw them commit some coarse and unhandy robberies, in which nothing but a

great stock of impudence on their side, and gross negligence on the people's side who were robbed, could

have made them successful. so I resolved from that time forward to be very cautious how I adventured upon

anything with them; and indeed, when two or three unlucky projects were proposed by them, I declined the

offer, and persuaded them against it. One time they particularly proposed robbing a watchmaker of three gold

watches, which they had eyed in the daytime, and found the place where he laid them. One of them had so

many keys of all kinds, that he made no question to open the place where the watchmaker had laid them; and

so we made a kind of an appointment; but when I came to look narrowly into the thing, I found they proposed

breaking open the house, and this, as a thing out of my way, I would not embark in, so they went without me.

They did get into the house by main force, and broke up the locked place where the watches were, but found

but one of the gold watches, and a silver one, which they took, and got out of the house again very clear. But

the family, being alarmed, cried out 'Thieves,' and the man was pursued and taken; the young woman had got

off too, but unhappily was stopped at a distance, and the watches found upon her. And thus I had a second

escape, for they were convicted, and both hanged, being old offenders, though but young people. As I said

before that they robbed together and lay together, so now they hanged together, and there ended my new

I began now to be very wary, having so narrowly escaped a scouring, and having such an example before me;

but I had a new tempter, who prompted me every dayI mean my governess; and now a prize presented,

which as it came by her management, so she expected a good share of the booty. There was a good quantity

of Flanders lace lodged in a private house, where she had gotten intelligence of it, and Flanders lace being

prohibited, it was a good booty to any customhouse officer that could come at it. I had a full account from

my governess, as well of the quantity as of the very place where it was concealed, and I went to a

customhouse officer, and told him I had such a discovery to make to him of such a quantity of lace, if he

would assure me that I should have my due share of the reward. This was so just an offer, that nothing could

be fairer; so he agreed, and taking a constable and me with him, we beset the house. As I told him I could go

directly to the place, he left it to me; and the hole being very dark, I squeezed myself into it, with a candle in

my hand, and so reached the pieces out to him, taking care as I gave him some so to secure as much about

myself as I could conveniently dispose of. There was near #300 worth of lace in the hole, and I secured about

#50 worth of it to myself. The people of the house were not owners of the lace, but a merchant who had

entrusted them with it; so that they were not so surprised as I thought they would be.

I left the officer overjoyed with his prize, and fully satisfied with what he had got, and appointed to meet him

at a house of his own directing, where I came after I had disposed of the cargo I had about me, of which he

had not the least suspicion. When I came to him he began to capitulate with me, believing I did not

understand the right I had to a share in the prize, and would fain have put me off with #20, but I let him know

that I was not so ignorant as he supposed I was; and yet I was glad, too, that he offered to bring me to a

I asked #100, and he rose up to #30; I fell to #80, and he rose again to #40; in a word, he offered #50, and I

consented, only demanding a piece of lace, which I though came to about #8 or #9, as if it had been for my

own wear, and he agreed to it. So I got #50 in money paid me that same night, and made an end of the

bargain; nor did he ever know who I was, or where to inquire for me, so that if it had been discovered that

part of the goods were embezzled, he could have made no challenge upon me for it.

I very punctually divided this spoil with my governess, and I passed with her from this time for a very

dexterous manager in the nicest cases. I found that this last was the best and easiest sort of work that was in

my way, and I made it my business to inquire out prohibited goods, and after buying some, usually betrayed

them, but none of these discoveries amounted to anything considerable, not like that I related just now; but I

was willing to act safe, and was still cautious of running the great risks which I found others did, and in

The next thing of moment was an attempt at a gentlewoman's good watch. It happened in a crowd, at a

meetinghouse, where I was in very great danger of being taken. I had full hold of her watch, but giving a

great jostle, as if somebody had thrust me against her, and in the juncture giving the watch a fair pull, I found

it would not come, so I let it go that moment, and cried out as if I had been killed, that somebody had trod

upon my foot, and that there were certainly pickpockets there, for somebody or other had given a pull at my

watch; for you are to observe that on these adventures we always went very well dressed, and I had very good

I had no sooner said so, but the other gentlewoman cried out 'A pickpocket' too, for somebody, she said, had

When I touched her watch I was close to her, but when I cried out I stopped as it were short, and the crowd

bearing her forward a little, she made a noise too, but it was at some distance from me, so that she did not in

the least suspect me; but when she cried out 'A pickpocket,' somebody cried, 'Ay, and here has been another!

At that very instance, a little farther in the crowd, and very luckily too, they cried out 'A pickpocket,' again,

and really seized a young fellow in the very act. This, though unhappy for the wretch, was very opportunely

for my case, though I had carried it off handsomely enough before; but now it was out of doubt, and all the

loose part of the crowd ran that way, and the poor boy was delivered up to the rage of the street, which is a

cruelty I need not describe, and which, however, they are always glad of, rather than to be sent to Newgate,

where they lie often a long time, till they are almost perished, and sometimes they are hanged, and the best

This was a narrow escape to me, and I was so frighted that I ventured no more at gold watches a great while.

There was indeed a great many concurring circumstances in this adventure which assisted to my escape; but

the chief was, that the woman whose watch I had pulled at was a fool; that is to say, she was ignorant of the

nature of the attempt, which one would have thought she should not have been, seeing she was wise enough

to fasten her watch so that it could not be slipped up. But she was in such a fright that she had no thought

about her proper for the discovery; for she, when she felt the pull, screamed out, and pushed herself forward,

and put all the people about her into disorder, but said not a word of her watch, or of a pickpocket, for a least

two minutes' time, which was time enough for me, and to spare. For as I had cried out behind her, as I have

said, and bore myself back in the crowd as she bore forward, there were several people, at least seven or

eight, the throng being still moving on, that were got between me and her in that time, and then I crying out

'A pickpocket,' rather sooner than she, or at least as soon, she might as well be the person suspected as I, and

the people were confused in their inquiry; whereas, had she with a presence of mind needful on such an

occasion, as soon as she felt the pull, not screamed out as she did, but turned immediately round and seized

This is a direction not of the kindest sort to the fraternity, but 'tis certainly a key to the clue of a pickpocket's

motions, and whoever can follow it will as certainly catch the thief as he will be sure to miss if he does not.

I had another adventure, which puts this matter out of doubt, and which may be an instruction for posterity in

the case of a pickpocket. My good old governess, to give a short touch at her history, though she had left off

the trade, was, as I may say, born a pickpocket, and, as I understood afterwards, had run through all the

several degrees of that art, and yet had never been taken but once, when she was so grossly detected, that she

was convicted and ordered to be transported; but being a woman of a rare tongue, and withal having money

in her pocket, she found means, the ship putting into Ireland for provisions, to get on shore there, where she

lived and practised her old trade for some years; when falling into another sort of bad company, she turned

midwife and procuress, and played a hundred pranks there, which she gave me a little history of in

confidence between us as we grew more intimate; and it was to this wicked creature that I owed all the art

and dexterity I arrived to, in which there were few that ever went beyond me, or that practised so long

It was after those adventures in Ireland, and when she was pretty well known in that country, that she left

Dublin and came over to England, where, the time of her transportation being not expired, she left her former

trade, for fear of falling into bad hands again, for then she was sure to have gone to wreck. Here she set up

the same trade she had followed in Ireland, in which she soon, by her admirable management and good

tongue, arrived to the height which I have already described, and indeed began to be rich, though her trade

I mentioned thus much of the history of this woman here, the better to account for the concern she had in the

wicked life I was now leading, into all the particulars of which she led me, as it were, by the hand, and gave

me such directions, and I so well followed them, that I grew the greatest artist of my time and worked myself

out of every danger with such dexterity, that when several more of my comrades ran themselves into

Newgate presently, and by that time they had been half a year at the trade, I had now practised upwards of

five years, and the people at Newgate did not so much as know me; they had heard much of me indeed, and

often expected me there, but I always got off, though many times in the extremest danger.

One of the greatest dangers I was now in, was that I was too well known among the trade, and some of them,

whose hatred was owing rather to envy than any injury I had done them, began to be angry that I should

always escape when they were always catched and hurried to Newgate. These were they that gave me the

name of Moll Flanders; for it was no more of affinity with my real name or with any of the name I had ever

gone by, than black is of kin to white, except that once, as before, I called myself Mrs. Flanders; when I

sheltered myself in the Mint; but that these rogues never knew, nor could I ever learn how they came to give

I was soon informed that some of these who were gotten fast into Newgate had vowed to impeach me; and as

I knew that two or three of them were but too able to do it, I was under a great concern about it, and kept

within doors for a good while. But my governesswhom I always made partner in my success, and who now

played a sure game with me, for that she had a share of the gain and no share in the hazardI say, my

governess was something impatient of my leading such a useless, unprofitable life, as she called it; and she

laid a new contrivance for my going abroad, and this was to dress me up in men's clothes, and so put me into

I was tall and personable, but a little too smoothfaced for a man; however, I seldom went abroad but in the

night, it did well enough; but it was a long time before I could behave in my new clothesI mean, as to my

craft. It was impossible to be so nimble, so ready, so dexterous at these things in a dress so contrary to nature;

and I did everything clumsily, so I had neither the success nor the easiness of escape that I had before, and I

resolved to leave it off; but that resolution was confirmed soon after by the following accident.

As my governess disguised me like a man, so she joined me with a man, a young fellow that was nimble

enough at his business, and for about three weeks we did very well together. Our principal trade was

watching shopkeepers' counters, and slipping off any kind of goods we could see carelessly laid anywhere,

and we made several good bargains, as we called them, at this work. And as we kept always together, so we

grew very intimate, yet he never knew that I was not a man, nay, though I several times went home with him

to his lodgings, according as our business directed, and four or five times lay with him all night. But our

design lay another way, and it was absolutely necessary to me to conceal my sex from him, as appeared

afterwards. The circumstances of our living, coming in late, and having such and such business to do as

required that nobody should be trusted with the coming into our lodgings, were such as made it impossible to

me to refuse lying with him, unless I would have owned my sex; and as it was, I effectually concealed

myself. But his ill, and my good fortune, soon put an end to this life, which I must own I was sick of too, on

several other accounts. We had made several prizes in this new way of business, but the last would be

extraordinary. There was a shop in a certain street which had a warehouse behind it that looked into another

Through the window of the warehouse we say, lying on the counter or showboard, which was just before it,

five pieces of silks, besides other stuffs, and though it was almost dark, yet the people, being busy in the

foreshop with customers, had not had time to shut up those windows, or else had forgot it.

This the young fellow was so overjoyed with, that he could not restrain himself. It lay all within his reach he

said, and he swore violently to me that he would have it, if he broke down the house for it. I dissuaded him a

little, but saw there was no remedy; so he ran rashly upon it, slipped out a square of the sash window

dexterously enough, and without noise, and got out four pieces of the silks, and came with them towards me,

but was immediately pursued with a terrible clutter and noise. We were standing together indeed, but I had

not taken any of the goods out of his hand, when I said to him hastily, 'You are undone, fly, for God's sake!'

He ran like lightning, and I too, but the pursuit was hotter after him because he had the goods, than after me.

He dropped two of the pieces, which stopped them a little, but the crowd increased and pursued us both. They

took him soon after with the other two pieces upon him, and then the rest followed me. I ran for it and got

into my governess's house whither some quickeyed people followed me to warmly as to fix me there. They

did not immediately knock, at the door, by which I got time to throw off my disguise and dress me in my own

clothes; besides, when they came there, my governess, who had her tale ready, kept her door shut, and called

out to them and told them there was no man come in there. The people affirmed there did a man come in

My governess, not at all surprised, spoke calmly to them, told them they should very freely come and search

her house, if they should bring a constable, and let in none but such as the constable would admit, for it was

unreasonable to let in a whole crowd. This they could not refuse, though they were a crowd. So a constable

was fetched immediately, and she very freely opened the door; the constable kept the door, and the men he

appointed searched the house, my governess going with them from room to room. When she came to my

room she called to me, and said aloud, 'Cousin, pray open the door; here's some gentlemen that must come

I had a little girl with me, which was my governess's grandchild, as she called her; and I bade her open the

door, and there sat I at work with a great litter of things about me, as if I had been at work all day, being

myself quite undressed, with only nightclothes on my head, and a loose morninggown wrapped about me.

My governess made a kind of excuse for their disturbing me, telling me partly the occasion of it, and that she

had no remedy but to open the doors to them, and let them satisfy themselves, for all she could say to them

would not satisfy them. I sat still, and bid them search the room if they pleased, for if there was anybody in

the house, I was sure they were not in my room; and as for the rest of the house, I had nothing to say to that, I

Everything looked so innocent and to honest about me, that they treated me civiller than I expected, but it was

not till they had searched the room to a nicety, even under the bed, in the bed, and everywhere else where it

was possible anything could be hid. When they had done this, and could find nothing, they asked my pardon

When they had thus searched the house from bottom to top, and then top to bottom, and could find nothing,

they appeased the mob pretty well; but they carried my governess before the justice. Two men swore that

they saw the man whom they pursued go into her house. My governess rattled and made a great noise that her

house should be insulted, and that she should be used thus for nothing; that if a man did come in, he might go

out again presently for aught she knew, for she was ready to make oath that no man had been within her

doors all that day as she knew of (and that was very true indeed); that is might be indeed that as she was

abovestairs, any fellow in a fright might find the door open and run in for shelter when he was pursued, but

that she knew nothing of it; and if it had been so, he certainly went out again, perhaps at the other door, for

she had another door into an alley, and so had made his escape and cheated them all.

This was indeed probable enough, and the justice satisfied himself with giving her an oath that she had not

received or admitted any man into her house to conceal him, or protect or hide him from justice. This oath

It is easy to judge what a fright I was in upon this occasion, and it was impossible for my governess ever to

bring me to dress in that disguise again; for, as I told her, I should certainly betray myself.

My poor partner in this mischief was now in a bad case, for he was carried away before my Lord Mayor, and

by his worship committed to Newgate, and the people that took him were so willing, as well as able, to

prosecute him, that they offered themselves to enter into recognisances to appear at the sessions and pursue

However, he got his indictment deferred, upon promise to discover his accomplices, and particularly the man

that was concerned with him in his robbery; and he failed not to do his endeavour, for he gave in my name,

whom he called Gabriel Spencer, which was the name I went by to him; and here appeared the wisdom of my

concealing my name and sex from him, which, if he had ever known I had been undone.

He did all he could to discover this Gabriel Spencer; he described me, he discovered the place where he said I

lodged, and, in a word, all the particulars that he could of my dwelling; but having concealed the main

circumstances of my sex from him, I had a vast advantage, and he never could hear of me. He brought two or

three families into trouble by his endeavouring to find me out, but they knew nothing of me, any more than

that I had a fellow with me that they had seen, but knew nothing of. And as for my governess, though she was

the means of his coming to me, yet it was done at secondhand, and he knew nothing of her.

This turned to his disadvantage; for having promised discoveries, but not being able to make it good, it was

looked upon as trifling with the justice of the city, and he was the more fiercely pursued by the shopkeepers

I was, however, terribly uneasy all this while, and that I might be quite out of the way, I went away from my

governess's for a while; but not knowing wither to wander, I took a maidservant with me, and took the

stagecoach to Dunstable, to my old landlord and landlady, where I had lived so handsomely with my

Lancashire husband. Here I told her a formal story, that I expected my husband every day from Ireland, and

that I had sent a letter to him that I would meet him at Dunstable at her house, and that he would certainly

land, if the wind was fair, in a few days, so that I was come to spend a few days with them till he should

come, for he was either come post, or in the West Chester coach, I knew not which; but whichsoever it was,

My landlady was mighty glad to see me, and my landlord made such a stir with me, that if I had been a

princess I could not have been better used, and here I might have been welcome a month or two if I had

But my business was of another nature. I was very uneasy (though so well disguised that it was scarce

possible to detect me) lest this fellow should somehow or other find me out; and though he could not charge

me with this robbery, having persuaded him not to venture, and having also done nothing in it myself but run

away, yet he might have charged me with other things, and have bought his own life at the expense of mine.

This filled me with horrible apprehensions. I had no recourse, no friend, no confidante but my old governess,

and I knew no remedy but to put my life in her hands, and so I did, for I let her know where to send to me,

and had several letters from her while I stayed here. Some of them almost scared me out my wits but at last

she sent me the joyful news that he was hanged, which was the best news to me that I had heard a great while.

I had stayed here five weeks, and lived very comfortably indeed (the secret anxiety of my mind excepted);

but when I received this letter I looked pleasantly again, an told my landlady that I had received a letter from

my spouse in Ireland, that I had the good news of his being very well, but had the bad news that his business

would not permit him to come away so soon as he expected, and so I was like to go back again without him.

My landlady complimented me upon the good news however, that I had heard he was well. 'For I have

observed, madam,' says she, 'you hadn't been so pleasant as you used to be; you have been over head and ears

in care for him, I dare say,' says the good woman; ''tis easy to be seen there's an alteration in you for the

better,' says she. 'Well, I am sorry the esquire can't come yet,' says my landlord; 'I should have been heartily

glad to have seen him. But I hope, when you have certain news of his coming, you'll take a step hither again,

With all these fine compliments we parted, and I came merry enough to London, and found my governess as

well pleased as I was. And now she told me she would never recommend any partner to me again, for she

always found, she said, that I had the best luck when I ventured by myself. And so indeed I had, for I was

seldom in any danger when I was by myself, or if I was, I got out of it with more dexterity than when I was

entangled with the dull measures of other people, who had perhaps less forecast, and were more rash and

impatient than I; for though I had as much courage to venture as any of them, yet I used more caution before I

undertook a thing, and had more presence of mind when I was to bring myself off.

I have often wondered even at my own hardiness another way, that when all my companions were surprised

and fell so suddenly into the hand of justice, and that I so narrowly escaped, yet I could not all this while

enter into one serious resolution to leave off this trade, and especially considering that I was now very far

from being poor; that the temptation of necessity, which is generally the introduction of all such wickedness,

was now removed; for I had near #500 by me in ready money, on which I might have lived very well, if I had

thought fit to have retired; but I say, I had not so much as the least inclination to leave off; no, not so much as

I had before when I had but #200 beforehand, and when I had no such frightful examples before my eyes as

these were. From hence 'tis evident to me, that when once we are hardened in crime, no fear can affect us, no

I had indeed one comrade whose fate went very near me for a good while, though I wore it off too in time.

That case was indeed very unhappy. I had made a prize of a piece of very good damask in a mercer's shop,

and went clear off myself, but had conveyed the piece to this companion of mine when we went out of the

shop, and she went one way and I went another. We had not been long out of the shop but the mercer missed

his piece of stuff, and sent his messengers, one one way and one another, and they presently seized her that

had the piece, with the damask upon her. As for me, I had very luckily stepped into a house where there was a

lace chamber, up one pair of stairs, and had the satisfaction, or the terror indeed, of looking out of the

window upon the noise they made, and seeing the poor creature dragged away in triumph to the justice, who

I was careful to attempt nothing in the lace chamber, but tumbled their goods pretty much to spend time; then

bought a few yards of edging and paid for it, and came away very sadhearted indeed for the poor woman,

Here again my old caution stood me in good stead; namely, that though I often robbed with these people, yet

I never let them know who I was, or where I lodged, nor could they ever find out my lodging, though they

often endeavoured to watch me to it. They all knew me by the name of Moll Flanders, though even some of

them rather believed I was she than knew me to be so. My name was public among them indeed, but how to

find me out they knew not, nor so much as how to guess at my quarters, whether they were at the east end of

I kept close a great while upon the occasion of this woman's disaster. I knew that if I should do anything that

should miscarry, and should be carried to prison, she would be there and ready to witness against me, and

perhaps save her life at my expense. I considered that I began to be very well known by name at the Old

Bailey, though they did not know my face, and that if I should fall into their hands, I should be treated as an

old offender; and for this reason I was resolved to see what this poor creature's fate should be before I stirred

abroad, though several times in her distress I conveyed money to her for her relief.

At length she came to her trial. She pleaded she did not steal the thing, but that one Mrs. Flanders, as she

heard her called (for she did not know her), gave the bundle to her after they came out of the shop, and bade

her carry it home to her lodging. They asked her where this Mrs. Flanders was, but she could not produce her,

neither could she give the least account of me; and the mercer's men swearing positively that she was in the

shop when the goods were stolen, that they immediately missed them, and pursued her, and found them upon

her, thereupon the jury brought her in guilty; but the Court, considering that she was really not the person that

stole the goods, an inferior assistant, and that it was very possible she could not find out this Mrs. Flanders,

meaning me, though it would save her life, which indeed was trueI say, considering all this, they allowed

her to be transported, which was the utmost favour she could obtain, only that the Court told her that if she

could in the meantime produce the said Mrs. Flanders, they would intercede for her pardon; that is to say, if

she could find me out, and hand me, she should not be transported. This I took care to make impossible to

her, and so she was shipped off in pursuance of her sentence a little while after.

I must repeat it again, that the fate of this poor woman troubled me exceedingly, and I began to be very

pensive, knowing that I was really the instrument of her disaster; but the preservation of my own life, which

was so evidently in danger, took off all my tenderness; and seeing that she was not put to death, I was very

easy at her transportation, because she was then out of the way of doing me any mischief, whatever should

The disaster of this woman was some months before that of the lastrecited story, and was indeed partly

occasion of my governess proposing to dress me up in men's clothes, that I might go about unobserved, as

indeed I did; but I was soon tired of that disguise, as I have said, for indeed it exposed me to too many

I was now easy as to all fear of witnesses against me, for all those that had either been concerned with me, or

that knew me by the name of Moll Flanders, were either hanged or transported; and if I should have had the

misfortune to be taken, I might call myself anything else, as well as Moll Flanders, and no old sins could be

placed into my account; so I began to run atick again with the more freedom, and several successful

We had at that time another fire happened not a great way off from the place where my governess lived, and I

made an attempt there, as before, but as I was not soon enough before the crowd of people came in, and could

not get to the house I aimed at, instead of a prize, I got a mischief, which had almost put a period to my life

and all my wicked doings together; for the fire being very furious, and the people in a great fright in

removing their goods, and throwing them out of window, a wench from out of a window threw a featherbed

just upon me. It is true, the bed being soft, it broke no bones; but as the weight was great, and made greater

by the fall, it beat me down, and laid me dead for a while. Nor did the people concern themselves much to

deliver me from it, or to recover me at all; but I lay like one dead and neglected a good while, till somebody

going to remove the bed out of the way, helped me up. It was indeed a wonder the people in the house had

not thrown other goods out after it, and which might have fallen upon it, and then I had been inevitably

This accident, however, spoiled my market for that time, and I came home to my governess very much hurt

and bruised, and frighted to the last degree, and it was a good while before she could set me upon my feet

It was now a merry time of the year, and Bartholomew Fair was begun. I had never made any walks that way,

nor was the common part of the fair of much advantage to me; but I took a turn this year into the cloisters,

and among the rest I fell into one of the raffling shops. It was a thing of no great consequence to me, nor did I

expect to make much of it; but there came a gentleman extremely well dressed and very rich, and as 'tis

frequent to talk to everybody in those shops, he singled me out, and was very particular with me. First he told

me he would put in for me to raffle, and did so; and some small matter coming to his lot, he presented it to

me (I think it was a feather muff); then he continued to keep talking to me with a more than common

He held me in talk so long, till at last he drew me out of the raffling place to the shopdoor, and then to a

walk in the cloister, still talking of a thousand things cursorily without anything to the purpose. At last he told

me that, without compliment, he was charmed with my company, and asked me if I durst trust myself in a

coach with him; he told me he was a man of honour, and would not offer anything to me unbecoming him as

such. I seemed to decline it a while, but suffered myself to be importuned a little, and then yielded.

I was at a loss in my thoughts to conclude at first what this gentleman designed; but I found afterwards he had

had some drink in his head, and that he was not very unwilling to have some more. He carried me in the

coach to the Spring Garden, at Knightsbridge, where we walked in the gardens, and he treated me very

handsomely; but I found he drank very freely. He pressed me also to drink, but I decline it.

Hitherto he kept his word with me, and offered me nothing amiss. We came away in the coach again, and he

brought me into the streets, and by this time it was near ten o'clock at night, and he stopped the coach at a

house where, it seems, he was acquainted, and where they made no scruple to show us upstairs into a room

with a bed in it. At first I seemed to be unwilling to go up, but after a few words I yielded to that too, being

willing to see the end of it, and in hope to make something of it at last. As for the bed, etc., I was not much

Here he began to be a little freer with me than he had promised; and I by little and little yielded to everything,

so that, in a word, he did what he pleased with me; I need say no more. All this while he drank freely too, and

about one in the morning we went into the coach again. The air and the shaking of the coach made the drink

he had get more up in his head than it was before, and he grew uneasy in the coach, and was for acting over

again what he had been doing before; but as I thought my game now secure, I resisted him, and brought him

to be a little still, which had not lasted five minutes but he fell fast asleep.

I took this opportunity to search him to a nicety. I took a gold watch, with a silk purse of gold, his fine

fullbottom periwig and silverfringed gloves, his sword and fine snuffbox, and gently opening the coach

door, stood ready to jump out while the coach was going on; but the coach stopped in the narrow street

beyond Temple Bar to let another coach pass, I got softly out, fastened the door again, and gave my

This was an adventure indeed unlooked for, and perfectly undesigned by me; though I was not so past the

merry part of life, as to forget how to behave, when a fop so blinded by his appetite should not know an old

woman from a young. I did not indeed look so old as I was by ten or twelve years; yet I was not a young

wench of seventeen, and it was easy enough to be distinguished. There is nothing so absurd, so surfeiting, so

ridiculous, as a man heated by wine in his head, and wicked gust in his inclination together; he is in the

possession of two devils at once, and can no more govern himself by his reason than a mill can grind without

water; his vice tramples upon all that was in him that had any good in it, if any such thing there was; nay, his

very sense is blinded by its own rage, and he acts absurdities even in his views; such a drinking more, when

he is drunk already; picking up a common woman, without regard to what she is or who she is, whether

sound or rotten, clean or unclean, whether ugly or handsome, whether old or young, and so blinded as not

really to distinguish. Such a man is worse than a lunatic; prompted by his vicious, corrupted head, he no more

knows what he is doing than this wretch of mine knew when I picked his pocket of his watch and his purse of

These are the men of whom Solomon says, 'They go like an ox to the slaughter, till a dart strikes through their

liver'; an admirable description, by the way, of the foul disease, which is a poisonous deadly contagion

mingling with the blood, whose centre or foundation is in the liver; from whence, by the swift circulation of

the whole mass, that dreadful nauseous plague strikes immediately through his liver, and his spirits are

It is true this poor unguarded wretch was in no danger from me, though I was greatly apprehensive at first of

what danger I might be in from him; but he was really to be pitied in one respect, that he seemed to be a good

sort of man in himself; a gentleman that had no harm in his design; a man of sense, and of a fine behaviour, a

comely handsome person, a sober solid countenance, a charming beautiful face, and everything that could be

agreeable; only had unhappily had some drink the night before, had not been in bed, as he told me when we

were together; was hot, and his blood fired with wine, and in that condition his reason, as it were asleep, had

As for me, my business was his money, and what I could make of him; and after that, if I could have found

out any way to have done it, I would have sent him safe home to his house and to his family, for 'twas ten to

one but he had an honest, virtuous wife and innocent children, that were anxious for his safety, and would

have been glad to have gotten him home, and have taken care of him till he was restored to himself. And then

with what shame and regret would he look back upon himself! how would he reproach himself with

associating himself with a whore! picked up in the worst of all holes, the cloister, among the dirt and filth of

all the town! how would he be trembling for fear he had got the pox, for fear a dart had struck through his

liver, and hate himself every time he looked back upon the madness and brutality of his debauch! how would

he, if he had any principles of honour, as I verily believe he hadI say, how would he abhor the thought of

giving any ill distemper, if he had it, as for aught he knew he might, to his modest and virtuous wife, and

Would such gentlemen but consider the contemptible thoughts which the very women they are concerned

with, in such cases as these, have of them, it would be a surfeit to them. As I said above, they value not the

pleasure, they are raised by no inclination to the man, the passive jade thinks of no pleasure but the money;

and when he is, as it were, drunk in the ecstasies of his wicked pleasure, her hands are in his pockets

searching for what she can find there, and of which he can no more be sensible in the moment of his folly that

I knew a woman that was so dexterous with a fellow, who indeed deserved no better usage, that while he was

busy with her another way, conveyed his purse with twenty guineas in it out of his fobpocket, where he had

put it for fear of her, and put another purse with gilded counters in it into the room of it. After he had done, he

says to her, 'Now han't you picked my pocket?' She jested with him, and told him she supposed he had not

much to lose; he put his hand to his fob, and with his fingers felt that his purse was there, which fully

satisfied him, and so she brought off his money. And this was a trade with her; she kept a sham gold watch,

that is, a watch of silver gilt, and a purse of counters in her pocket to be ready on all such occasions, and I

I came home with this last booty to my governess, and really when I told her the story, it so affected her that

she was hardly able to forbear tears, to know how such a gentleman ran a daily risk of being undone every

But as to the purchase I got, and how entirely I stripped him, she told me it please her wonderfully. 'Nay

child,' says she, 'the usage may, for aught I know, do more to reform him than all the sermons that ever he

I found the next day she was wonderful inquisitive about this gentleman; the description I had given her of

him, his dress, his person, his face, everything concurred to make her think of a gentleman whose character

she knew, and family too. She mused a while, and I going still on with the particulars, she starts up; says she,

'I am sorry you do,' says I, 'for I would not have him exposed on any account in the world; he has had injury

enough already by me, and I would not be instrumental to do him any more.' 'No, no,' says she, 'I will do him

no injury, I assure you, but you may let me satisfy my curiosity a little, for if it is he, I warrant you I find it

out.' I was a little startled at that, and told her, with an apparent concern in my face, that by the same rule he

might find me out, and then I was undone. She returned warmly, 'Why, do you think I will betray you, child?

No, no,' says she, 'not for all he is worth in the world. I have kept your counsel in worse things than these;

She laid her scheme another way, and without acquainting me of it, but she was resolved to find it out if

possible. So she goes to a certain friend of hers who was acquainted in the family that she guessed at, and told

her friend she had some extraordinary business with such a gentleman (who, by the way, was no less than a

baronet, and of a very good family), and that she knew not how to come at him without somebody to

introduce her. Her friend promised her very readily to do it, and accordingly goes to the house to see if the

The next day she come to my governess and tells her that Sir was at home, but that he had met with a

disaster and was very ill, and there was no speaking with him. 'What disaster?' says my governess hastily, as

if she was surprised at it. 'Why,' says her friend, 'he had been at Hampstead to visit a gentleman of his

acquaintance, and as he came back again he was set upon and robbed; and having got a little drink too, as

they suppose, the rogues abused him, and he is very ill.' 'Robbed!' says my governess, 'and what did they take

from him?' 'Why,' says her friend, 'they took his gold watch and his gold snuffbox, his fine periwig, and

what money he had in his pocket, which was considerable, to be sure, for Sir never goes without a

'Pshaw!' says my old governess, jeering, 'I warrant you he has got drunk now and got a whore, and she has

picked his pocket, and so he comes home to his wife and tells her he has been robbed. That's an old sham; a

'Fie!' says her friend, 'I find you don't know Sir ; why he is a civil a gentleman, there is not a finer man,

nor a soberer, graver, modester person in the whole city; he abhors such things; there's nobody that knows

him will think such a thing of him.' 'Well, well,' says my governess, 'that's none of my business; if it was, I

warrant I should find there was something of that kind in it; your modest men in common opinion are

sometimes no better than other people, only they keep a better character, or, if you please, are the better

'No, no,' says her friend, 'I can assure you Sir is no hypocrite, he is really an honest, sober gentleman,

and he has certainly been robbed.' 'Nay,' says my governess, 'it may be he has; it is no business of mine, I tell

you; I only want to speak with him; my business is of another nature.' 'But,' says her friend, 'let your business

be of what nature it will, you cannot see him yet, for he is not fit to be seen, for he is very ill, and bruised

very much,' 'Ay,' says my governess, 'nay, then he has fallen into bad hands, to be sure,' And then she asked

gravely, 'Pray, where is he bruised?' 'Why, in the head,' says her friend, 'and one of his hands, and his face,

for they used him barbarously.' 'Poor gentleman,' says my governess, 'I must wait, then, till he recovers'; and

Away she comes to me and tells me this story. 'I have found out your fine gentleman, and a fine gentleman he

was,' says she; 'but, mercy on him, he is in a sad pickle now. I wonder what the dl you have done to him;

why, you have almost killed him.' I looked at her with disorder enough. 'I killed him!' says I; 'you must

mistake the person; I am sure I did nothing to him; he was very well when I left him,' said I, 'only drunk and

fast asleep.' 'I know nothing of that,' says she, 'but he is in a sad pickle now'; and so she told me all that her

friend had said to her. 'Well, then,' says I, 'he fell into bad hands after I left him,for I am sure I left him safe

About ten days after, or a little more, my governess goes again to her friend, to introduce her to this

gentleman; she had inquired other ways in the meantime, and found that he was about again, if not abroad

She was a woman of a admirable address, and wanted nobody to introduce her; she told her tale much better

than I shall be able to tell it for her, for she was a mistress of her tongue, as I have said already. She told him

that she came, though a stranger, with a single design of doing him a service and he should find she had no

other end in it; that as she came purely on so friendly an account, she begged promise from him, that if he did

not accept what she should officiously propose he would not take it ill that she meddled with what was not

her business. She assured him that as what she had to say was a secret that belonged to him only, so whether

he accepted her offer or not, it should remain a secret to all the world, unless he exposed it himself; nor

should his refusing her service in it make her so little show her respect as to do him the least injury, so that he

He looked very shy at first, and said he knew nothing that related to him that required much secrecy; that he

had never done any man any wrong, and cared not what anybody might say of him; that it was no part of his

character to be unjust to anybody, nor could he imagine in what any man could render him any service; but

that if it was so disinterested a service as she said, he could not take it ill from any one that they should

endeavour to serve him; and so, as it were, left her a liberty either to tell him or not to tell, as she thought fit.

She found him so perfectly indifferent, that she was almost afraid to enter into the point with him; but,

however, after some other circumlocutions she told him that by a strange and unaccountable accident she

came to have a particular knowledge of the late unhappy adventure he had fallen into, and that in such a

manner, that there was nobody in the world but herself and him that were acquainted with it, no, not the very

He looked a little angrily at first. 'What adventure?' said he. 'Why,' said she, 'of your being robbed coming

from Knightbr; Hampstead, sir, I should say,' says she. 'Be not surprised, sir,' says she, 'that I am able to

tell you every step you took that day from the cloister in Smithfield to the Spring Garden at Knightsbridge,

and thence to the in the Strand, and how you were left asleep in the coach afterwards. I say, let not this

surprise you, for, sir, I do not come to make a booty of you, I ask nothing of you, and I assure you the woman

that was with you knows nothing who you are, and never shall; and yet perhaps I may serve you further still,

for I did not come barely to let you know that I was informed of these things, as if I wanted a bride to conceal

them; assure yourself, sir,' said she, 'that whatever you think fit to do or say to me, it shall be all a secret as it

He was astonished at her discourse, and said gravely to her, 'Madam, you are a stranger to me, but it is very

unfortunate that you should be let into the secret of the worst action of my life, and a thing that I am so justly

ashamed of, that the only satisfaction of it to me was, that I thought it was known only to God any my own

conscience.' 'Pray, sir,' says she, 'do not reckon the discovery of it to me to be any part of your misfortune. It

was a thing, I believe, you were surprised into, and perhaps the woman used some art to prompt you to it;

however, you will never find any just cause,' said she, 'to repent that I came to hear of it; nor can your own

'Well,' says he, 'but let me do some justice to the woman too; whoever she is, I do assure you she prompted

me to nothing, she rather declined me. It was my own folly and madness that brought me into it all, ay, and

brought her into it too; I must give her her due so far. As to what she took from me, I could expect no less

from her in the condition I was in, and to this hour I know not whether she robbed me or the coachman; if she

did it, I forgive her, and I think all gentlemen that do so should be used in the same manner; but I am more

My governess now began to come into the whole matter, and he opened himself freely to her. First she said to

him, in answer to what he had said about me, 'I am glad, sir, you are so just to the person that you were with;

I assure you she is a gentlewoman, and no woman of the town; and however you prevailed with her so far as

you did, I am sure 'tis not her practice. You ran a great venture indeed, sir; but if that be any part of your care,

I am persuaded you may be perfectly easy, for I dare assure you no man has touched her, before you, since

It appeared that this was his grievance, and that he was in a very great fright about it; however, when my

governess said this to him, he appeared very well pleased, and said, 'Well, madam, to be plain with you, if I

was satisfied of that, I should not so much value what I lost; for, as to that, the temptation was great, and

perhaps she was poor and wanted it.' 'If she had not been poor, sir ,' says my governess, 'I assure you

she would never have yielded to you; and as her poverty first prevailed with her to let you do as you did, so

the same poverty prevailed with her to pay herself at last, when she saw you was in such a condition, that if

'Well,' says he, 'much good may it do her. I say again, all the gentlemen that do so ought to be used in the

same manner, and then they would be cautious of themselves. I have no more concern about it, but on the

score which you hinted at before, madam.' Here he entered into some freedoms with her on the subject of

what passed between us, which are not so proper for a woman to write, and the great terror that was upon his

mind with relation to his wife, for fear he should have received any injury from me, and should communicate

if farther; and asked her at last if she could not procure him an opportunity to speak with me. My governess

gave him further assurances of my being a woman clear from any such thing, and that he was as entirely save

in that respect as he was with his own lady; but as for seeing me, she said it might be of dangerous

consequence; but, however, that she would talk with me, and let him know my answer, using at the same time

some arguments to persuade him not to desire it, and that it could be of no service to him, seeing she hoped

he had no desire to renew a correspondence with me, and that on my account it was a kind of putting my life

He told her he had a great desire to see me, that he would give her any assurances that were in his power, not

to take any advantages of me, and that in the first place he would give me a general release from all demands

of any kind. She insisted how it might tend to a further divulging the secret, and might in the end be injurious

They had some discourse upon the subject of the things he had lost, and he seemed to be very desirous of his

gold watch, and told her if she could procure that for him, he would willingly give as much for it as it was

worth. She told him she would endeavour to procure it for him, and leave the valuing it to himself.

Accordingly the next day she carried the watch, and he gave her thirty guineas for it, which was more than I

should have been able to make of it, though it seems it cost much more. He spoke something of his periwig,

which it seems cost him threescore guineas, and his snuffbox, and in a few days more she carried them too;

which obliged him very much, and he gave her thirty more. The next day I sent him his fine sword and cane

gratis, and demanded nothing of him, but I had no mind to see him, unless it had been so that he might be

Then he entered into a long talk with her of the manner how she came to know all this matter. She formed a

long tale of that part; how she had it from one that I had told the whole story to, and that was to help me

dispose of the goods; and this confidante brought the things to her, she being by profession a pawnbroker;

and she hearing of his worship's disaster, guessed at the thing in general; that having gotten the things into her

hands, she had resolved to come and try as she had done. She then gave him repeated assurances that it

should never go out of her mouth, and though she knew the woman very well, yet she had not let her know,

meaning me, anything of it; that is to say, who the person was, which, by the way, was false; but, however, it

I had a great many thoughts in my head about my seeing him again, and was often sorry that I had refused it.

I was persuaded that if I had seen him, and let him know that I knew him, I should have made some

advantage of him, and perhaps have had some maintenance from him; and though it was a life wicked

enough, yet it was not so full of danger as this I was engaged in. However, those thoughts wore off, and I

declined seeing him again, for that time; but my governess saw him often, and he was very kind to her, giving

her something almost every time he saw her. One time in particular she found him very merry, and as she

thought he had some wine in his head, and he pressed her again very earnestly to let him see that woman that,

as he said, had bewitched him so that night, my governess, who was from the beginning for my seeing him,

told him he was so desirous of it that she could almost yield of it, if she could prevail upon me; adding that if

he would please to come to her house in the evening, she would endeavour it, upon his repeated assurances of

Accordingly she came to me, and told me all the discourse; in short, she soon biassed me to consent, in a case

which I had some regret in my mind for declining before; so I prepared to see him. I dressed me to all the

advantage possible, I assure you, and for the first time used a little art; I say for the first time, for I had never

yielded to the baseness of paint before, having always had vanity enough to believe I had no need of it.

At the hour appointed he came; and as she observed before, so it was plain still, that he had been drinking,

though very far from what we call being in drink. He appeared exceeding pleased to see me, and entered into

a long discourse with me upon the old affair. I begged his pardon very often for my share of it, protested I

had not any such design when first I met him, that I had not gone out with him but that I took him for a very

civil gentleman, and that he made me so many promises of offering no uncivility to me.

He alleged the wine he drank, and that he scarce knew what he did, and that if it had not been so, I should

never have let him take the freedom with me that he had done. He protested to me that he never touched any

woman but me since he was married to his wife, and it was a surprise upon him; complimented me upon

being so particularly agreeable to him, and the like; and talked so much of that kind, till I found he had talked

himself almost into a temper to do the same thing over again. But I took him up short. I protested I had never

suffered any man to touch me since my husband died, which was near eight years. He said he believed it to be

so truly; and added that madam had intimated as much to him, and that it was his opinion of that part which

made hi desire to see me again; and that since he had once broke in upon his virtue with me, and found no ill

consequences, he could be safe in venturing there again; and so, in short, it went on to what I expected, and to

My old governess had foreseen it, as well as I, and therefore led him into a room which had not a bed in it,

and yet had a chamber within it which had a bed, whither we withdrew for the rest of the night; and, in short,

after some time being together, he went to bed, and lay there all night. I withdrew, but came again undressed

Thus, you see, having committed a crime once is a sad handle to the committing of it again; whereas all the

regret and reflections wear off when the temptation renews itself. Had I not yielded to see him again, the

corrupt desire in him had worn off, and 'tis very probable he had never fallen into it with anybody else, as I

When he went away, I told him I hoped he was satisfied he had not been robbed again. He told me he was

satisfied in that point, and could trust me again, and putting his hand in his pocket, gave me five guineas,

I had several visits of the like kind from him, but he never came into a settled way of maintenance, which was

what I would have best pleased with. Once, indeed, he asked me how I did to live. I answered him pretty

quick, that I assured him I had never taken that course that I took with him, but that indeed I worked at my

needle, and could just maintain myself; that sometime it was as much as I was able to do, and I shifted hard

He seemed to reflect upon himself that he should be the first person to lead me into that, which he assured me

he never intended to do himself; and it touched him a little, he said, that he should be the cause of his own sin

and mine too. He would often make just reflections also upon the crime itself, and upon the particular

circumstances of it with respect to himself; how wine introduced the inclinations how the devil led him to the

place, and found out an object to tempt him, and he made the moral always himself.

When these thoughts were upon him he would go away, and perhaps not come again in a month's time or

longer; but then as the serious part wore off, the lewd part would wear in, and then he came prepared for the

wicked part. Thus we lived for some time; thought he did not keep, as they call it, yet he never failed doing

things that were handsome, and sufficient to maintain me without working, and, which was better, without

But this affair had its end too; for after about a year, I found that he did not come so often as usual, and at last

he left if off altogether without any dislike to bidding adieu; and so there was an end of that short scene of

However, during this interval I confined myself pretty much at home; at least, being thus provided for, I made

no adventures, no, not for a quarter of a year after he left me; but then finding the fund fail, and being loth to

spend upon the main stock, I began to think of my old trade, and to look abroad into the street again; and my

I had dressed myself up in a very mean habit, for as I had several shapes to appear in, I was now in an

ordinary stuffgown, a blue apron, and a straw hat and I placed myself at the door of the Three Cups Inn in

St. John Street. There were several carriers used the inn, and the stagecoaches for Barnet, for Totteridge,

and other towns that way stood always in the street in the evening, when they prepared to set out, so that I

was ready for anything that offered, for either one or other. The meaning was this; people come frequently

with bundles and small parcels to those inns, and call for such carriers or coaches as they want, to carry them

into the country; and there generally attend women, porters' wives or daughters, ready to take in such things

It happened very oddly that I was standing at the inn gate, and a woman that had stood there before, and

which was the porter's wife belonging to the Barnet stagecoach, having observed me, asked if I waited for

any of the coaches. I told her Yes, I waited for my mistress, that was coming to go to Barnet. She asked me

who was my mistress, and I told her any madam's name that came next me; but as it seemed, I happened upon

I said no more to her, or she to me, a good while; but by and by, somebody calling her at a door a little way

off, she desired me that if anybody called for the Barnet coach, I would step and call her at the house, which

She was no sooner gone but comes a wench and a child, puffing and sweating, and asks for the Barnet coach.

I answered presently, 'Here.' 'Do you belong to the Barnet coach?' says she. 'Yes, sweetheart,' said I; 'what do

ye want?' 'I want room for two passengers,' says she. 'Where are they, sweetheart?' said I. 'Here's this girl,

pray let her go into the coach,' says she, 'and I'll go and fetch my mistress.' 'Make haste, then, sweetheart,'

says I, 'for we may be full else.' The maid had a great bundle under her arm; so she put the child into the

coach, and I said, 'You had best put your bundle into the coach too.' 'No,' says she, 'I am afraid somebody

should slip it away from the child.' 'Give to me, then,' said I, 'and I'll take care of it.' 'Do, then,' says she, 'and

be sure you take of it.' 'I'll answer for it,' said I, 'if it were for #20 value.' "There, take it, then,' says she, and

As soon as I had got the bundle, and the maid was out of sight, I goes on towards the alehouse, where the

porter's wife was, so that if I had met her, I had then only been going to give her the bundle, and to call her to

her business, as if I was going away, and could stay no longer; but as I did not meet her, I walked away, and

turning into Charterhouse Lane, then crossed into Batholomew Close, so into Little Britain, and through the

To prevent my being known, I pulled off my blue apron, and wrapped the bundle in it, which before was

made up in a piece of painted calico, and very remarkable; I also wrapped up my straw hat in it, and so put

the bundle upon my head; and it was very well that I did thus, for coming through the Bluecoat Hospital, who

should I meet but the wench that had given me the bundle to hold. It seems she was going with her mistress,

I saw she was in haste, and I had no business to stop her; so away she went, and I brought my bundle safe

home to my governess. There was no money, nor plate, or jewels in the bundle, but a very good suit of Indian

damask, a gown and a petticoat, a lacedhead and ruffles of very good Flanders lace, and some linen and

This was not indeed my own invention, but was given me by one that had practised it with success, and my

governess liked it extremely; and indeed I tried it again several times, though never twice near the same

place; for the next time I tried it in White Chapel, just by the corner of Petticoat Lane, where the coaches

stand that go out to Stratford and Bow, and that side of the country, and another time at the Flying Horse,

without Bishopgate, where the Cheston coaches then lay; and I had always the good luck to come off with

Another time I placed myself at a warehouse by the waterside, where the coasting vessels from the north

come, such as from NewcastleuponTyne, Sunderland, and other places. Here, the warehouses being shut,

comes a young fellow with a letter; and he wanted a box and a hamper that was come from

NewcastleuponTyne. I asked him if he had the marks of it; so he shows me the letter, by virtue of which he

was to ask for it, and which gave an account of the contents, the box being full of linen, and the hamper full

of glass ware. I read the letter, and took care to see the name, and the marks, the name of the person that sent

the goods, the name of the person that they were sent to; then I bade the messenger come in the morning, for

Away went I, and getting materials in a public house, I wrote a letter from Mr. John Richardson of Newcastle

to his dear cousin Jemmy Cole, in London, with an account that he sent by such a vessel (for I remembered

all the particulars to a title), so many pieces of huckaback linen, so many ells of Dutch holland and the like, in

a box, and a hamper of flint glasses from Mr. Henzill's glasshouse; and that the box was marked I. C. No. 1,

About an hour after, I came to the warehouse, found the warehousekeeper, and had the goods delivered me

I could fill up this whole discourse with the variety of such adventures, which daily invention directed to, and

At lengthas when does the pitcher come safe home that goes so very often to the well?I fell into some

small broils, which though they could not affect me fatally, yet made me known, which was the worst thing

I had taken up the disguise of a widow's dress; it was without any real design in view, but only waiting for

anything that might offer, as I often did. It happened that while I was going along the street in Covent

Garden, there was a great cry of 'Stop thief! Stop thief!' some artists had, it seems, put a trick upon a

shopkeeper, and being pursued, some of them fled one way, and some another; and one of them was, they

said, dressed up in widow's weeds, upon which the mob gathered about me, and some said I was the person,

others said no. Immediately came the mercer's journeyman, and he swore aloud I was the person, and so

seized on me. However, when I was brought back by the mob to the mercer's shop, the master of the house

said freely that I was not the woman that was in his shop, and would have let me go immediately; but another

fellow said gravely, 'Pray stay till Mr. ' (meaning the journeyman) 'comes back, for he knows her.' So

they kept me by force near half an hour. They had called a constable, and he stood in the shop as my jailer;

and in talking with the constable I inquired where he lived, and what trade he was; the man not apprehending

in the least what happened afterwards, readily told me his name, and trade, and where he lived; and told me

as a jest, that I might be sure to hear of his name when I came to the Old Bailey.

Some of the servants likewise used me saucily, and had much ado to keep their hands off me; the master

indeed was civiller to me than they, but he would not yet let me go, though he owned he could not say I was

I began to be a little surly with him, and told him I hoped he would not take it ill if I made myself amends

upon him in a more legal way another time; and desired I might send for friends to see me have right done

me. No, he said, he could give no such liberty; I might ask it when I came before the justice of peace; and

seeing I threatened him, he would take care of me in the meantime, and would lodge me safe in Newgate. I

told him it was his time now, but it would be mine by and by, and governed my passion as well as I was able.

However, I spoke to the constable to call me a porter, which he did, and then I called for pen, ink, and paper,

but they would let me have none. I asked the porter his name, and where he lived, and the poor man told it me

very willingly. I bade him observe and remember how I was treated there; that he saw I was detained there by

force. I told him I should want his evidence in another place, and it should not be the worse for him to speak.

The porter said he would serve me with all his heart. 'But, madam,' says he, 'let me hear them refuse to let

With that I spoke aloud to the master of the shop, and said, 'Sir, you know in your own conscience that I am

not the person you look for, and that I was not in your shop before, therefore I demand that you detain me

here no longer, or tell me the reason of your stopping me.' The fellow grew surlier upon this than before, and

said he would do neither till he thought fit. 'Very well,' said I to the constable and to the porter; 'you will be

pleased to remember this, gentlemen, another time.' The porter said, 'Yes, madam'; and the constable began

not to like it, and would have persuaded the mercer to dismiss him, and let me go, since, as he said, he owned

I was not the person. 'Good, sir,' says the mercer to him tauntingly, 'are you a justice of peace or a constable?

I charged you with her; pray do you do your duty.' The constable told him, a little moved, but very

handsomely, 'I know my duty, and what I am, sir; I doubt you hardly know what you are doing.' They had

some other hard words, and in the meantime the journeyman, impudent and unmanly to the last degree, used

me barbarously, and one of them, the same that first seized upon me, pretended he would search me, and

began to lay hands on me. I spit in his face, called out to the constable, and bade him to take notice of my

usage. 'And pray, Mr. Constable,' said I, 'ask that villain's name,' pointing to the man. The constable reproved

him decently, told him that he did not know what he did, for he knew that his master acknowledged I was not

the person that was in his shop; 'and,' says the constable, 'I am afraid your master is bringing himself, and me

too, into trouble, if this gentlewoman comes to prove who she is, and where she was, and it appears that she is

not the woman you pretend to.' 'Damn her,' says the fellow again, with a impudent, hardened face, 'she is the

lady, you may depend upon it; I'll swear she is the same body that was in the shop, and that I gave the pieces

of satin that is lost into her own hand. You shall hear more of it when Mr. William and Mr. Anthony (those

Just as the insolent rogue was talking thus to the constable, comes back Mr. William and Mr. Anthony, as he

called them, and a great rabble with them, bringing along with them the true widow that I was pretended to

be; and they came sweating and blowing into the shop, and with a great deal of triumph, dragging the poor

creature in the most butcherly manner up towards their master, who was in the back shop, and cried out

aloud, 'Here's the widow, sir; we have catcher her at last.' 'What do ye mean by that?' says the master. 'Why,

we have her already; there she sits,' says he, 'and Mr.,' says he, 'can swear this is she.' The other man,

whom they called Mr. Anthony, replied, 'Mr. may say what he will, and swear what he will, but this is

the woman, and there's the remnant of satin she stole; I took it out of her clothes with my own hand.'

I sat still now, and began to take a better heart, but smiled and said nothing; the master looked pale; the

constable turned about and looked at me. 'Let 'em alone, Mr. Constable,' said I; 'let 'em go on.' The case was

plain and could not be denied, so the constable was charged with the right thief, and the mercer told me very

civilly he was sorry for the mistake, and hoped I would not take it ill; that they had so many things of this

nature put upon them every day, that they could not be blamed for being very sharp in doing themselves

justice. 'Not take it ill, sir!' said I; 'how can I take it well! If you had dismissed me when your insolent fellow

seized on me it the street, and brought me to you, and when you yourself acknowledged I was not the person,

I would have put it by, and not taken it ill, because of the many ill things I believe you have put upon you

daily; but your treatment of me since has been insufferable, and especially that of your servant; I must and

Then be began to parley with me, said he would make me any reasonable satisfaction, and would fain have

had me tell him what it was I expected. I told him that I should not be my own judge, the law should decide it

for me; and as I was to be carried before a magistrate, I should let him hear there what I had to say. He told

me there was no occasion to go before the justice now, I was at liberty to go where I pleased; and so, calling

to the constable, told him he might let me go, for I was discharge. The constable said calmly to him, 'sir, you

asked me just now if I knew whether I was a constable or justice, and bade me do my duty, and charged me

with this gentlewoman as a prisoner. Now, sir, I find you do not understand what is my duty, for you would

make me a justice indeed; but I must tell you it is not in my power. I may keep a prisoner when I am charged

with him, but 'tis the law and the magistrate alone that can discharge that prisoner; therefore 'tis a mistake, sir;

I must carry her before a justice now, whether you think well of it or not.' The mercer was very high with the

constable at first; but the constable happening to be not a hired officer, but a good, substantial kind of man (I

think he was a cornhandler), and a man of good sense, stood to his business, would not discharge me

without going to a justice of the peace; and I insisted upon it too. When the mercer saw that, 'Well,' says he to

the constable, 'you may carry her where you please; I have nothing to say to her.' 'But, sir,' says the constable,

'you will go with us, I hope, for 'tis you that charged me with her.' 'No, not I,' says the mercer; 'I tell you I

have nothing to say to her.' 'But pray, sir, do,' says the constable; 'I desire it of you for your own sake, for the

justice can do nothing without you.' 'Prithee, fellow,' says the mercer, 'go about your business; I tell you I

have nothing to say to the gentlewoman. I charge you in the king's name to dismiss her.' 'Sir,' says the

constable, 'I find you don't know what it is to be constable; I beg of you don't oblige me to be rude to you.' 'I

think I need not; you are rude enough already,' says the mercer. 'No, sir,' says the constable, 'I am not rude;

you have broken the peace in bringing an honest woman out of the street, when she was about her lawful

occasion, confining her in your shop, and illusing her here by your servants; and now can you say I am rude

to you? I think I am civil to you in not commanding or charging you in the king's name to go with me, and

charging every man I see that passes your door to aid and assist me in carrying you by force; this you cannot

but know I have power to do, and yet I forbear it, and once more entreat you to go with me.' Well, he would

not for all this, and gave the constable ill language. However, the constable kept his temper, and would not be

provoked; and then I put in and said, 'Come, Mr. Constable, let him alone; I shall find ways enough to fetch

him before a magistrate, I don't fear that; but there's the fellow,' says I, 'he was the man that seized on me as I

was innocently going along the street, and you are a witness of the violence with me since; give me leave to

charge you with him, and carry him before the justice.' 'Yes, madam,' says the constable; and turning to the

fellow 'Come, young gentleman,' says he to the journeyman, 'you must go along with us; I hope you are not

The fellow looked like a condemned thief, and hung back, then looked at his master, as if he could help him;

and he, like a fool, encourage the fellow to be rude, and he truly resisted the constable, and pushed him back

with a good force when he went to lay hold on him, at which the constable knocked him down, and called out

for help; and immediately the shop was filled with people, and the constable seized the master and man, and

This first ill consequence of this fray was, that the woman they had taken, who was really the thief, made off,

and got clear away in the crowd; and two other that they had stopped also; whether they were really guilty or

By this time some of his neighbours having come in, and, upon inquiry, seeing how things went, had

endeavoured to bring the hotbrained mercer to his senses, and he began to be convinced that he was in the

wrong; and so at length we went all very quietly before the justice, with a mob of about five hundred people

at our heels; and all the way I went I could hear the people ask what was the matter, and other reply and say,

a mercer had stopped a gentlewoman instead of a thief, and had afterwards taken the thief, and now the

gentlewoman had taken the mercer, and was carrying him before the justice. This pleased the people

strangely, and made the crowd increase, and they cried out as they went, 'Which is the rogue? which is the

mercer?' and especially the women. Then when they saw him they cried out, 'That's he, that's he'; and every

now and then came a good dab of dirt at him; and thus we marched a good while, till the mercer thought fit to

desire the constable to call a coach to protect himself from the rabble; so we rode the rest of the way, the

When we came to the justice, which was an ancient gentleman in Bloomsbury, the constable giving first a

summary account of the matter, the justice bade me speak, and tell what I had to say. And first he asked my

name, which I was very loth to give, but there was no remedy, so I told him my name was Mary Flanders,

that I was a widow, my husband being a sea captain, died on a voyage to Virginia; and some other

circumstances I told which he could never contradict, and that I lodged at present in town with such a person,

naming my governess; but that I was preparing to go over to America, where my husband's effects lay, and

that I was going that day to buy some clothes to put myself into second mourning, but had not yet been in any

shop, when that fellow, pointing to the mercer's journeyman, came rushing upon me with such fury as very

much frighted me, and carried me back to his master's shop, where, though his master acknowledged I was

Then I proceeded to tell how the journeyman treated me; how they would not suffer me to send for any of my

friends; how afterwards they found the real thief, and took the very goods they had lost upon her, and all the

Then the constable related his case: his dialogue with the mercer about discharging me, and at last his

servant's refusing to go with him, when he had charged him with him, and his master encouraging him to do

so, and at last his striking the constable, and the like, all as I have told it already.

The justice then heard the mercer and his man. The mercer indeed made a long harangue of the great loss

they have daily by lifters and thieves; that it was easy for them to mistake, and that when he found it he

would have dismissed me, etc., as above. As to the journeyman, he had very little to say, but that he

Upon the whole, the just first of all told me very courteously I was discharged; that he was very sorry that the

mercer's man should in his eager pursuit have so little discretion as to take up an innocent person for a guilty

person; that if he had not been so unjust as to detain me afterward, he believed I would have forgiven the first

affront; that, however, it was not in his power to award me any reparation for anything, other than by openly

reproving them, which he should do; but he supposed I would apply to such methods as the law directed; in

But as to the breach of the peace committed by the journeyman, he told me he should give me some

satisfaction for that, for he should commit him to Newgate for assaulting the constable, and for assaulting me

Accordingly he sent the fellow to Newgate for that assault, and his master gave bail, and so we came away;

but I had the satisfaction of seeing the mob wait upon them both, as they came out, hallooing and throwing

stones and dirt at the coaches they rode in; and so I came home to my governess.

After this hustle, coming home and telling my governess the story, she falls alaughing at me. 'Why are you

merry?' says I; 'the story has not so much laughing room in it as you imagine; I am sure I have had a great

deal of hurry and fright too, with a pack of ugly rogues.' 'Laugh!' says my governess; 'I laugh, child, to see

what a lucky creature you are; why, this job will be the best bargain to you that ever you made in your life, if

you manage it well. I warrant you,' says she, 'you shall make the mercer pay you #500 for damages, besides

I had other thoughts of the matter than she had; and especially, because I had given in my name to the justice

of peace; and I knew that my name was so well known among the people at Hick's Hall, the Old Bailey, and

such places, that if this cause came to be tried openly, and my name came to be inquired into, no court would

give much damages, for the reputation of a person of such a character. However, I was obliged to begin a

prosecution in form, and accordingly my governess found me out a very creditable sort of a man to manage it,

being an attorney of very good business, and of a good reputation, and she was certainly in the right of this;

for had she employed a pettifogging hedge solicitor, or a man not known, and not in good reputation, I should

I met this attorney, and gave him all the particulars at large, as they are recited above; and he assured me it

was a case, as he said, that would very well support itself, and that he did not question but that a jury would

give very considerable damages on such an occasion; so taking his full instructions he began the prosecution,

and the mercer being arrested, gave bail. A few days after his giving bail, he comes with his attorney to my

attorney, to let him know that he desired to accommodate the matter; that it was all carried on I the heat of an

unhappy passion; that his client, meaning me, had a sharp provoking tongue, that I used them ill, gibing at

them, and jeering them, even while they believed me to be the very person, and that I had provoked them, and

My attorney managed as well on my side; made them believe I was a widow of fortune, that I was able to do

myself justice, and had great friends to stand by me too, who had all made me promise to sue to the utmost,

and that if it cost me a thousand pounds I would be sure to have satisfaction, for that the affronts I had

However, they brought my attorney to this, that he promised he would not blow the coals, that if I inclined to

accommodation, he would not hinder me, and that he would rather persuade me to peace than to war; for

which they told him he should be no loser; all which he told me very honestly, and told me that if they

offered him any bribe, I should certainly know it; but upon the whole he told me very honestly that if I would

take his opinion, he would advise me to make it up with them, for that as they were in a great fright, and were

desirous above all things to make it up, and knew that, let it be what it would, they would be allotted to bear

all the costs of the suit; he believed they would give me freely more than any jury or court of justice would

give upon a trial. I asked him what he thought they would be brought to. He told me he could not tell as to

that, but he would tell me more when I saw him again. Some time after this, they came again to know if he

had talked with me. He told them he had; that he found me not so averse to an accommodation as some of my

friends were, who resented the disgrace offered me, and set me on; that they blowed the coals in secret,

prompting me to revenge, or do myself justice, as they called it; so that he could not tell what to say to it; he

told them he would do his endeavour to persuade me, but he ought to be able to tell me what proposal they

made. They pretended they could not make any proposal, because it might be made use of against them; and

he told them, that by the same rule he could not make any offers, for that might be pleaded in abatement of

what damages a jury might be inclined to give. However, after some discourse and mutual promises that no

advantage should be taken on either side, by what was transacted then or at any other of those meetings, they

came to a kind of a treaty; but so remote, and so wide from one another, that nothing could be expected from

it; for my attorney demanded #500 and charges, and they offered #50 without charges; so they broke off, and

the mercer proposed to have a meeting with me myself; and my attorney agreed to that very readily.

My attorney gave me notice to come to this meeting in good clothes, and with some state, that the mercer

might see I was something more than I seemed to be that time they had me. Accordingly I came in a new suit

of second mourning, according to what I had said at the justice's. I set myself out, too, as well as a widow's

dress in second mourning would admit; my governess also furnished me with a good pearl necklace, that shut

in behind with a locket of diamonds, which she had in pawn; and I had a very good figure; and as I stayed till

When I came into the room the mercer was surprised. He stood up and made his bow, which I took a little

notice of, and but a little, and went and sat down where my own attorney had pointed to me to sit, for it was

his house. After a little while the mercer said, he did not know me again, and began to make some

compliments his way. I told him, I believed he did not know me at first, and that if he had, I believed he

He told me he was very sorry for what had happened, and that it was to testify the willingness he had to make

all possible reparation that he had appointed this meeting; that he hoped I would not carry things to extremity,

which might be not only too great a loss to him, but might be the ruin of his business and shop, in which case

I might have the satisfaction of repaying an injury with an injury ten times greater; but that I would then get

nothing, whereas he was willing to do me any justice that was in his power, without putting himself or me to

I told him I was glad to hear him talk so much more like a man of sense than he did before; that it was true,

acknowledgment in most cases of affronts was counted reparation sufficient; but this had gone too far to be

made up so; that I was not revengeful, nor did I seek his ruin, or any man's else, but that all my friends were

unanimous not to let me so far neglect my character as to adjust a thing of this kind without a sufficient

reparation of honour; that to be taken up for a thief was such an indignity as could not be put up; that my

character was above being treated so by any that knew me, but because in my condition of a widow I had

been for some time careless of myself, and negligent of myself, I might be taken for such a creature, but that

for the particular usage I had from him afterwards, and then I repeated all as before; it was so provoking I

Well, he acknowledged all, and was might humble indeed; he made proposals very handsome; he came up to

#100 and to pay all the law charges, and added that he would make me a present of a very good suit of

clothes. I came down to #300, and I demanded that I should publish an advertisement of the particulars in the

This was a clause he never could comply with. However, at last he came up, by good management of my

attorney, to #150 and a suit of black silk clothes; and there I agree, and as it were, at my attorney's request,

complied with it, he paying my attorney's bill and charges, and gave us a good supper into the bargain.

When I came to receive the money, I brought my governess with me, dressed like an old duchess, and a

gentleman very well dressed, who we pretended courted me, but I called him cousin, and the lawyer was only

He treated us handsomely indeed, and paid the money cheerfully enough; so that it cost him #200 in all, or

rather more. At our last meeting, when all was agreed, the case of the journeyman came up, and the mercer

begged very hard for him; told me he was a man that had kept a shop of his own, and been in good business,

had a wife, and several children, and was very poor; that he had nothing to make satisfaction with, but he

should come to beg my pardon on his knees, if I desired it, as openly as I pleased. I had no spleen at the saucy

rogue, nor were his submissions anything to me, since there was nothing to be got by him, so I thought it was

as good to throw that in generously as not; so I told him I did not desire the ruin of any man, and therefore at

When we were at supper he brought the poor fellow in to make acknowledgment, which he would have done

with as much mean humility as his offence was with insulting haughtiness and pride, in which he was an

instance of a complete baseness of spirit, impious, cruel, and relentless when uppermost and in prosperity,

abject and lowspirited when down in affliction. However, I abated his cringes, told him I forgave him, and

desired he might withdraw, as if I did not care for the sight of him, though I had forgiven him.

I was now in good circumstances indeed, if I could have known my time for leaving off, and my governess

often said I was the richest of the trade in England; and so I believe I was, for I had #700 by me in money,

besides clothes, rings, some plate, and two gold watches, and all of them stolen, for I had innumerable jobs

besides these I have mentioned. Oh! had I even now had the grace of repentance, I had still leisure to have

looked back upon my follies, and have made some reparation; but the satisfaction I was to make for the

public mischiefs I had done was yet left behind; and I could not forbear going abroad again, as I called it

It was not long after the affair with the mercer was made up, that I went out in an equipage quite different

from any I had ever appeared in before. I dressed myself like a beggar woman, in the coarsest and most

despicable rags I could get, and I walked about peering and peeping into every door and window I came near;

and indeed I was in such a plight now that I knew as ill how to behave in as ever I did in any. I naturally

abhorred dirt and rags; I had been bred up tight and cleanly, and could be no other, whatever condition I was

in; so that this was the most uneasy disguise to me that ever I put on. I said presently to myself that this

would not do, for this was a dress that everybody was shy and afraid of; and I thought everybody looked at

me, as if they were afraid I should come near them, lest I should take something from them, or afraid to come

near me, lest they should get something from me. I wandered about all the evening the first time I went out,

and made nothing of it, but came home again wet, draggled, and tired. However, I went out again the next

night, and then I met with a little adventure, which had like to have cost me dear. As I was standing near a

tavern door, there comes a gentleman on horseback, and lights at the door, and wanting to go into the tavern,

he calls one of the drawers to hold his horse. He stayed pretty long in the tavern, and the drawer heard his

master call, and thought he would be angry with him. Seeing me stand by him, he called to me, 'Here,

woman,' says he, 'hold this horse a while, till I go in; if the gentleman comes, he'll give you something.' 'Yes,'

says I, and takes the horse, and walks off with him very soberly, and carried him to my governess.

This had been a booty to those that had understood it; but never was poor thief more at a loss to know what to

do with anything that was stolen; for when I came home, my governess was quite confounded, and what to do

with the creature, we neither of us knew. To send him to a sable was doing nothing, for it was certain that

public notice would be given in the Gazette, and the horse described, so that we durst not go to fetch it again.

All the remedy we had for this unlucky adventure was to go and set up the horse at an inn, and send a note by

a porter to the tavern, that the gentleman's horse that was lost such a time was left at such an inn, and that he

might be had there; that the poor woman that held him, having led him about the street, not being able to lead

him back again, had left him there. We might have waited till the owner had published and offered a reward,

So this was a robbery and no robbery, for little was lost by it, and nothing was got by it, and I was quite sick

of going out in a beggar's dress; it did not answer at all, and besides, I thought it was ominous and

While I was in this disguise, I fell in with a parcel of folks of a worse kind than any I ever sorted with, and I

saw a little into their ways too. These were coiners of money, and they made some very good offers to me, as

to profit; but the part they would have had me have embarked in was the most dangerous part. I mean that of

the very working the die, as they call it, which, had I been taken, had been certain death, and that at a

stakeI say, to be burnt to death at a stake; so that though I was to appearance but a beggar, and they

promised mountains of gold and silver to me to engage, yet it would not do. It is true, if I had been really a

beggar, or had been desperate as when I began, I might perhaps have closed with it; for what care they to die

that can't tell how to live? But at present this was not my condition, at least I was for no such terrible risks as

those; besides, the very thoughts of being burnt at a stake struck terror into my very soul, chilled my blood,

and gave me the vapours to such a degree, as I could not think of it without trembling.

This put an end to my disguise too, for as I did not like the proposal, so I did not tell them so, but seemed to

relish it, and promised to meet again. But I durst see them no more; for if I had seen them, and not complied,

though I had declined it with the greatest assurance of secrecy in the world, they would have gone near to

have murdered me, to make sure work, and make themselves easy, as they call it. What kind of easiness that

is, they may best judge that understand how easy men are that can murder people to prevent danger.

This and horsestealing were things quite out of my way, and I might easily resolve I would have to more to

say to them; my business seemed to lie another way, and though it had hazard enough in it too, yet it was

more suitable to me, and what had more of art in it, and more room to escape, and more chances for

I had several proposals made also to me about that time, to come into a gang of housebreakers; but that was

a thing I had no mind to venture at neither, any more than I had at the coining trade. I offered to go along

with two men and a woman, that made it their business to get into houses by stratagem, and with them I was

willing enough to venture. But there were three of them already, and they did not care to part, nor I to have

too many in a gang, so I did not close with them, but declined them, and they paid dear for their next attempt.

But at length I met with a woman that had often told me what adventures she had made, and with success, at

the waterside, and I closed with her, and we drove on our business pretty well. One day we came among

some Dutch people at St. Catherine's, where we went on pretence to buy goods that were privately got on

shore. I was two or three times in a house where we saw a good quantity of prohibited goods, and my

companion once brought away three pieces of Dutch black silk that turned to good account, and I had my

share of it; but in all the journeys I made by myself, I could not get an opportunity to do anything, so I laid it

aside, for I had been so often, that they began to suspect something, and were so shy, that I saw nothing was

This baulked me a little, and I resolved to push at something or other, for I was not used to come back so

often without purchase; so the next day I dressed myself up fine, and took a walk to the other end of the town.

I passed through the Exchange in the Strand, but had no notion of finding anything to do there, when on a

sudden I saw a great cluttering in the place, and all the people, shopkeepers as well as others, standing up and

staring; and what should it be but some great duchess come into the Exchange, and they said the queen was

coming. I set myself close up to a shopside with my back to the counter, as if to let the crowd pass by, when

keeping my eye upon a parcel of lace which the shopkeeper was showing to some ladies that stood by me, the

shopkeeper and her maid were so taken up with looking to see who was coming, and what shop they would

go to, that I found means to slip a paper of lace into my pocket and come clear off with it; so the

I went off from the shop, as if driven along by the throng, and mingling myself with the crowd, went out at

the other door of the Exchange, and so got away before they missed their lace; and because I would not be

followed, I called a coach and shut myself up in it. I had scarce shut the coach doors up, but I saw the

milliner's maid and five or six more come running out into the street, and crying out as if they were

frightened. They did not cry 'Stop thief!' because nobody ran away, but I could hear the word 'robbed,' and

'lace,' two or three times, and saw the wench wringing her hands, and run staring to and again, like one

scared. The coachman that had taken me up was getting up into the box, but was not quite up, so that the

horse had not begun to move; so that I was terrible uneasy, and I took the packet of lace and laid it ready to

have dropped it out at the flap of the coach, which opens before, just behind the coachman; but to my great

satisfaction, in less than a minute the coach began to move, that is to say, as soon as the coachman had got up

and spoken to his horses; so he drove away without any interruption, and I brought off my purchase, which

The next day I dressed up again, but in quite different clothes, and walked the same way again, but nothing

offered till I came into St. James's Park, where I saw abundance of fine ladies in the Park, walking in the

Mall, and among the rest there was a little miss, a young lady of about twelve or thirteen years old, and she

had a sister, as I suppose it was, with her, that might be about nine years old. I observed the biggest had a fine

gold watch on, and a good necklace of pearl, and they had a footman in livery with them; but as it is not usual

for the footman to go behind the ladies in the Mall, so I observed the footman stopped at their going into the

Mall, and the biggest of the sisters spoke to him, which I perceived was to bid him be just there when they

When I heard her dismiss the footman, I stepped up to him and asked him, what little lady that was? and held

a little chat with him about what a pretty child it was with her, and how genteel and wellcarriaged the lady,

the eldest, would be: how womanish, and how grave; and the fool of a fellow told me presently who she was;

that she was Sir Thomas's eldest daughter, of Essex, and that she was a great fortune; that her mother

was not come to town yet; but she was with Sir William's lady, of Suffolk, at her lodging in Suffolk

Street, and a great deal more; that they had a maid and a woman to wait on them, besides Sir Thomas's coach,

the coachman, and himself; and that young lady was governess to the whole family, as well here as at home

I was very well dressed, and had my gold watch as well as she; so I left the footman, and I puts myself in a

rank with this young lady, having stayed till she had taken one double turn in the Mall, and was going

forward again; by and by I saluted her by her name, with the title of Lady Betty. I asked her when she heard

I talked so familiarly to her of her whole family that she could not suspect but that I knew them all intimately.

I asked her why she would come abroad without Mrs. Chime with her (that was the name of her woman) to

take of Mrs. Judith, that was her sister. Then I entered into a long chat with her about her sister, what a fine

little lady she was, and asked her if she had learned French, and a thousand such little things to entertain her,

when on a sudden we saw the guards come, and the crowd ran to see the king go by to the Parliament House.

The ladies ran all to the side of the Mall, and I helped my lady to stand upon the edge of the boards on the

side of the Mall, that she might be high enough to see; and took the little one and lifter her quite up; during

which, I took care to convey the gold watch so clean away from the Lady Betty, that she never felt it, nor

missed it, till all the crowd was gone, and she was gotten into the middle of the Mall among the other ladies.

I took my leave of her in the very crowd, and said to her, as if in haste, 'Dear Lady Betty, take care of your

little sister.' And so the crowd did as it were thrust me away from her, and that I was obliged unwillingly to

The hurry in such cases is immediately over, and the place clear as soon as the king is gone by; but as there is

always a great running and clutter just as the king passes, so having dropped the two little ladies, and done

my business with them without any miscarriage, I kept hurrying on among the crowd, as if I ran to see the

king, and so I got before the crowd and kept so till I came to the end of the Mall, when the king going on

towards the Horse Guards, I went forward to the passage, which went then through against the lower end of

the Haymarket, and there I bestowed a coach upon myself, and made off, and I confess I have not yet been so

I was once of the mind to venture staying with Lady Betty till she missed the watch, and so have made a great

outcry about it with her, and have got her into the coach, and put myself in the coach with her, and have gone

home with her; for she appeared so fond of me, and so perfectly deceived by my so readily talking to her of

all her relations and family, that I thought it was very easy to push the thing farther, and to have got at least

the necklace of pearl; but when I considered that though the child would not perhaps have suspected me,

other people might, and that if I was searched I should be discovered, I thought it was best to go off with

I came accidentally afterwards to hear, that when the young lady missed her watch, she made a great outcry

in the Park, and sent her footman up and down to see if he could find me out, she having described me so

perfectly that he knew presently that it was the same person that had stood and talked so long with him, and

asked him so many questions about them; but I gone far enough out of their reach before she could come at

I made another adventure after this, of a nature different from all I had been concerned in yet, and this was at

I saw several people go in and out; and I stood in the passage a good while with another woman with me, and

seeing a gentleman go up that seemed to be of more than ordinary fashion, I said to him, 'Sir, pray don't they

give women leave to go up?' 'Yes, madam,' says he, 'and to play too, if they please.' 'I mean so, sir,' said I.

And with that he said he would introduce me if I had a mind; so I followed him to the door, and he looking

in, 'There, madam,' says he, 'are the gamesters, if you have a mind to venture.' I looked in and said to my

comrade aloud, 'Here's nothing but men; I won't venture among them.' At which one of the gentlemen cried

out, 'You need not be afraid, madam, here's none but fair gamesters; you are very welcome to come and set

what you please.' so I went a little nearer and looked on, and some of them brought me a chair, and I sat down

and saw the box and dice go round apace; then I said to my comrade, 'The gentlemen play too high for us;

The people were all very civil, and one gentleman in particular encouraged me, and said, 'Come, madam, if

you please to venture, if you dare trust me, I'll answer for it you shall have nothing put upon you here.' 'No,

sir,' said I, smiling, 'I hope the gentlemen would not cheat a woman.' But still I declined venturing, though I

After I had sat a while, one gentleman said to me, jeering, 'Come, madam, I see you are afraid to venture for

yourself; I always had good luck with the ladies, you shall set for me, if you won't set for yourself.' I told him,

'sir, I should be very loth to lose your money,' though I added, 'I am pretty lucky too; but the gentlemen play

'Well, well,' says he, 'there's ten guineas, madam; set them for me.' so I took his money and set, himself

looking on. I ran out nine of the guineas by one and two at a time, and then the box coming to the next man to

me, my gentleman gave me ten guineas more, and made me set five of them at once, and the gentleman who

had the box threw out, so there was five guineas of his money again. He was encouraged at this, and made me

take the box, which was a bold venture. However, I held the box so long that I had gained him his whole

money, and had a good handful of guineas in my lap, and which was the better luck, when I threw out, I

When I was come this length, I offered the gentleman all the gold, for it was his own; and so would have had

him play for himself, pretending I did not understand the game well enough. He laughed, and said if I had but

good luck, it was no matter whether I understood the game or no; but I should not leave off. However, he

took out the fifteen guineas that he had put in at first, and bade me play with the rest. I would have told them

to see how much I had got, but he said, 'No, no, don't tell them, I believe you are very honest, and 'tis bad

I understood the game well enough, though I pretended I did not, and played cautiously. It was to keep a good

stock in my lap, out of which I every now and then conveyed some into my pocket, but in such a manner, and

I played a great while, and had very good luck for him; but the last time I held the box, they set me high, and

I threw boldly at all; I held the box till I gained near fourscore guineas, but lost above half of it back in the

last throw; so I got up, for I was afraid I should lose it all back again, and said to him, 'Pray come, sir, now,

and take it and play for yourself; I think I have done pretty well for you.' He would have had me play on, but

it grew late, and I desired to be excused. When I gave it up to him, I told him I hoped he would give me leave

to tell it now, that I might see what I had gained, and how lucky I had been for him; when I told them, there

were threescore and three guineas. 'Ay,' says I, 'if it had not been for that unlucky throw, I had got you a

hundred guineas.' So I gave him all the money, but he would not take it till I had put my hand into it, and

taken some for myself, and bid me please myself. I refused it, and was positive I would not take it myself; if

The rest of the gentlemen seeing us striving cried, 'Give it her all'; but I absolutely refused that. Then one of

them said, 'Dn ye, jack, halve it with her; don't you know you should be always upon even terms with

the ladies.' So, in short, he divided it with me, and I brought away thirty guineas, besides about fortythree

which I had stole privately, which I was sorry for afterward, because he was so generous.

Thus I brought home seventythree guineas, and let my old governess see what good luck I had at play.

However, it was her advice that I should not venture again, and I took her counsel, for I never went there any

more; for I knew as well as she, if the itch of play came in, I might soon lose that, and all the rest of what I

Fortune had smiled upon me to that degree, and I had thriven so much, and my governess too, for she always

had a share with me, that really the old gentlewoman began to talk of leaving off while we were well, and

being satisfied with what we had got; but, I know not what fate guided me, I was as backward to it now as she

was when I proposed it to her before, and so in an ill hour we gave over the thoughts of it for the present, and,

in a word, I grew more hardened and audacious than ever, and the success I had made my name as famous as

I had sometime taken the liberty to play the same gave over again, which is not according to practice, which

however succeeded not amiss; but generally I took up new figures, and contrived to appear in new shapes

It was not a rumbling time of the year, and the gentlemen being most of them gone out of town, Tunbridge,

and Epsom, and such places were full of people. But the city was thin, and I thought our trade felt it a little, as

well as other; so that at the latter end of the year I joined myself with a gang who usually go every year to

Stourbridge Fair, and from thence to Bury Fair, in Suffolk. We promised ourselves great things there, but

when I came to see how things were, I was weary of it presently; for except mere picking of pockets, there

was little worth meddling with; neither, if a booty had been made, was it so easy carrying it off, nor was there

such a variety of occasion for business in our way, as in London; all that I made of the whole journey was a

gold watch at Bury Fair, and a small parcel of linen at Cambridge, which gave me an occasion to take leave

of the place. It was on old bite, and I though might do with a country shopkeeper, though in London it would

I bought at a linendraper's shop, not in the fair, but in the town of Cambridge, as much fine holland and

other things as came to about seven pounds; when I had done, I bade them be sent to such an inn, where I had

purposely taken up my being the same morning, as if I was to lodge there that night.

I ordered the draper to send them home to me, about such an hour, to the inn where I lay, and I would pay

him his money. At the time appointed the draper sends the goods, and I placed one of our gang at the

chamber door, and when the innkeeper's maid brought the messenger to the door, who was a young fellow, an

apprentice, almost a man, she tells him her mistress was asleep, but if he would leave the things and call in

about an hour, I should be awake, and he might have the money. He left the parcel very readily, and goes his

way, and in about half an hour my maid and I walked off, and that very evening I hired a horse, and a man to

ride before me, and went to Newmarket, and from thence got my passage in a coach that was not quite full to

St. Edmund's Bury, where, as I told you, I could make but little of my trade, only at a little country

operahouse made a shift to carry off a gold watch from a lady's side, who was not only intolerably merry,

I made off with this little booty to Ipswich, and from thence to Harwich, where I went into an inn, as if I had

newly arrived from Holland, not doubting but I should make some purchase among the foreigners that came

on shore there; but I found them generally empty of things of value, except what was in their portmanteaux

and Dutch hampers, which were generally guarded by footmen; however, I fairly got one of their

portmanteaux one evening out of the chamber where the gentleman lay, the footman being fast asleep on the

The room in which I lodged lay next to the Dutchman's, and having dragged the heavy thing with much ado

out of the chamber into mine, I went out into the street, to see if I could find any possibility of carrying it off.

I walked about a great while, but could see no probability either of getting out the thing, or of conveying

away the goods that were in it if I had opened it, the town being so small, and I a perfect stranger in it; so I

was returning with a resolution to carry it back again, and leave it where I found it. Just in that very moment I

heard a man make a noise to some people to make haste, for the boat was going to put off, and the tide would

be spent. I called to the fellow, 'What boat is it, friend,' says I, 'that you belong to?' 'The Ipswich wherry,

madam,' says he. 'When do you go off?' says I. 'This moment, madam,' says he; 'do you want to go thither?'

'Yes,' said I, 'if you can stay till I fetch my things.' 'Where are your things, madam?' says he. 'At such an inn,'

said I. 'Well, I'll go with you, madam,' says he, very civilly, 'and bring them for you.' 'Come away, then,' says

The people of the inn were in a great hurry, the packetboat from Holland being just come in, and two

coaches just come also with passengers from London, for another packetboat that was going off for Holland,

which coaches were to go back next day with the passengers that were just landed. In this hurry it was not

much minded that I came to the bar and paid my reckoning, telling my landlady I had gotten my passage by

These wherries are large vessels, with good accommodation for carrying passengers from Harwich to

London; and though they are called wherries, which is a word used in the Thames for a small boat rowed with

one or two men, yet these are vessels able to carry twenty passengers, and ten or fifteen tons of goods, and

fitted to bear the sea. All this I had found out by inquiring the night before into the several ways of going to

My landlady was very courteous, took my money for my reckoning, but was called away, all the house being

in a hurry. So I left her, took the fellow up to my chamber, gave him the trunk, or portmanteau, for it was like

a trunk, and wrapped it about with an old apron, and he went directly to his boat with it, and I after him,

nobody asking us the least question about it; as for the drunken Dutch footman he was still asleep, and his

master with other foreign gentlemen at supper, and very merry below, so I went clean off with it to Ipswich;

and going in the night, the people of the house knew nothing but that I was gone to London by the Harwich

I was plagued at Ipswich with the customhouse officers, who stopped my trunk, as I called it, and would

open and search it. I was willing, I told them, they should search it, but husband had the key, and he was not

yet come from Harwich; this I said, that if upon searching it they should find all the things be such as

properly belonged to a man rather than a woman, it should not seem strange to them. However, they being

positive to open the trunk I consented to have it be broken open, that is to say, to have the lock taken off,

They found nothing for their turn, for the trunk had been searched before, but they discovered several things

very much to my satisfaction, as particularly a parcel of money in French pistols, and some Dutch ducatoons

or rixdollars, and the rest was chiefly two periwigs, wearinglinen, and razors, washballs, perfumes, and

other useful things necessary for a gentleman, which all passed for my husband's, and so I was quit to them.

It was now very early in the morning, and not light, and I knew not well what course to take; for I made no

doubt but I should be pursued in the morning, and perhaps be taken with the things about me; so I resolved

upon taking new measures. I went publicly to an inn in the town with my trunk, as I called it, and having

taken the substance out, I did not think the lumber of it worth my concern; however, I gave it the landlady of

the house with a charge to take great care of it, and lay it up safe till I should come again, and away I walked

When I was got into the town a great way from the inn, I met with an ancient woman who had just opened

her door, and I fell into chat with her, and asked her a great many wild questions of things all remote to my

purpose and design; but in my discourse I found by her how the town was situated, that I was in a street that

went out towards Hadley, but that such a street went towards the waterside, such a street towards

I had soon my ends of this old woman, for I only wanted to know which was the London road, and away I

walked as fast as I could; not that I intended to go on foot, either to London or to Colchester, but I wanted to

I walked about two or three miles, and then I met a plain countryman, who was busy about some husbandry

work, I did not know what, and I asked him a great many questions first, not much to the purpose, but at last

told him I was going for London, and the coach was full, and I could not get a passage, and asked him if he

could tell me where to hire a horse that would carry double, and an honest man to ride before me to

Colchester, that so I might get a place there in the coaches. The honest clown looked earnestly at me, and said

nothing for above half a minute, when, scratching his poll, 'A horse, say you and to Colchester, to carry

double? why yes, mistress, alackaday, you may have horses enough for money.' 'Well, friend,' says I, 'that

I take for granted; I don't expect it without money.' 'Why, but, mistress,' says he, 'how much are you willing

to give?' 'Nay,' says I again, 'friend, I don't know what your rates are in the country here, for I am a stranger;

but if you can get one for me, get it as cheap as you can, and I'll give you somewhat for your pains.'

'Why, that's honestly said too,' says the countryman. 'Not so honest, neither,' said I to myself, 'if thou knewest

all.' 'Why, mistress,' says he, 'I have a horse that will carry double, and I don't much care if I go myself with

you,' and the like. 'Will you?' says I; 'well, I believe you are an honest man; if you will, I shall be glad of it;

I'll pay you in reason.' 'Why, look ye, mistress,' says he, 'I won't be out of reason with you, then; if I carry you

to Colchester, it will be worth five shillings for myself and my horse, for I shall hardly come back tonight.'

In short, I hired the honest man and his horse; but when we came to a town upon the road (I do not remember

the name of it, but it stands upon a river), I pretended myself very ill, and I could go no farther that night but

if he would stay there with me, because I was a stranger, I would pay him for himself and his horse with all

This I did because I knew the Dutch gentlemen and their servants would be upon the road that day, either in

the stagecoaches or riding post, and I did not know but the drunken fellow, or somebody else that might have

seen me at Harwich, might see me again, and so I thought that in one day's stop they would be all gone by.

We lay all that night there, and the next morning it was not very early when I set out, so that it was near ten

o'clock by the time I got to Colchester. It was no little pleasure that I saw the town where I had so many

pleasant days, and I made many inquiries after the good old friends I had once had there, but could make little

out; they were all dead or removed. The young ladies had been all married or gone to London; the old

gentleman and the old lady that had been my early benefacress all dead; and which troubled me most, the

young gentleman my first lover, and afterwards my brotherinlaw, was dead; but two sons, men grown,

I dismissed my old man here, and stayed incognito for three or four days in Colchester, and then took a

passage in a waggon, because I would not venture being seen in the Harwich coaches. But I needed not have

used so much caution, for there was nobody in Harwich but the woman of the house could have known me;

nor was it rational to think that she, considering the hurry she was in, and that she never saw me but once, and

I was now returned to London, and though by the accident of the last adventure I got something considerable,

yet I was not fond of any more country rambles, nor should I have ventured abroad again if I had carried the

trade on to the end of my days. I gave my governess a history of my travels; she liked the Harwich journey

well enough, and in discoursing of these things between ourselves she observed, that a thief being a creature

that watches the advantages of other people's mistakes, 'tis impossible but that to one that is vigilant and

industrious many opportunities must happen, and therefore she thought that one so exquisitely keen in the

On the other hand, every branch of my story, if duly considered, may be useful to honest people, and afford a

due caution to people of some sort or other to guard against the like surprises, and to have their eyes about

them when they have to do with strangers of any kind, for 'tis very seldom that some snare or other is not in

their way. The moral, indeed, of all my history is left to be gathered by the senses and judgment of the reader;

I am not qualified to preach to them. Let the experience of one creature completely wicked, and completely

I am drawing now towards a new variety of the scenes of life. Upon my return, being hardened by along race

of crime, and success unparalleled, at least in the reach of my own knowledge, I had, as I have said, no

thoughts of laying down a trade which, if I was to judge by the example of other, must, however, end at last

It was on the Christmas day following, in the evening, that, to finish a long train of wickedness, I went abroad

to see what might offer in my way; when going by a working silversmith's in Foster Lane, I saw a tempting

bait indeed, and not be resisted by one of my occupation, for the shop had nobody in it, as I could see, and a

great deal of loose plate lay in the window, and at the seat of the man, who usually, as I suppose, worked at

I went boldly in, and was just going to lay my hand upon a piece of plate, and might have done it, and carried

it clear off, for any care that the men who belonged to the shop had taken of it; but an officious fellow in a

house, not a shop, on the other side of the way, seeing me go in, and observing that there was nobody in the

shop, comes running over the street, and into the shop, and without asking me what I was, or who, seizes

I had not, as I said above, touched anything in the shop, and seeing a glimpse of somebody running over to

the shop, I had so much presence of mind as to knock very hard with my foot on the floor of the house, and

However, as I had always most courage when I was in most danger, so when the fellow laid hands on me, I

stood very high upon it, that I came in to buy half a dozen of silver spoons; and to my good fortune, it was a

silversmith's that sold plate, as well as worked plate for other shops. The fellow laughed at that part, and put

such a value upon the service that he had done his neighbour, that he would have it be that I came not to buy,

but to steal; and raising a great crowd. I said to the master of the shop, who by this time was fetched home

from some neighbouring place, that it was in vain to make noise, and enter into talk there of the case; the

fellow had insisted that I came to steal, and he must prove it, and I desired we might go before a magistrate

without any more words; for I began to see I should be too hard for the man that had seized me.

The master and mistress of the shop were really not so violent as the man from t'other side of the way; and

the man said, 'Mistress, you might come into the shop with a good design for aught I know, but it seemed a

dangerous thing for you to come into such a shop as mine is, when you see nobody there; and I cannot do

justice to my neighbour, who was so kind to me, as not to acknowledge he had reason on his side; though,

upon the whole, I do not find you attempted to take anything, and I really know not what to do in it.' I pressed

him to go before a magistrate with me, and if anything could be proved on me that was like a design of

Just while we were in this debate, and a crowd of people gathered about the door, came by Sir T. B., an

alderman of the city, and justice of the peace, and the goldsmith hearing of it, goes out, and entreated his

Give the goldsmith his due, he told his story with a great deal of justice and moderation, and the fellow that

had come over, and seized upon me, told his with as much heat and foolish passion, which did me good still,

rather than harm. It came then to my turn to speak, and I told his worship that I was a stranger in London,

being newly come out of the north; that I lodged in such a place, that I was passing this street, and went into

the goldsmith's shop to buy half a dozen of spoons. By great luck I had an old silver spoon in my pocket,

which I pulled out, and told him I had carried that spoon to match it with half a dozen of new ones,that it

That seeing nobody I the shop, I knocked with my foot very hard to make the people hear, and had also called

aloud with my voice; 'tis true, there was loose plate in the shop, but that nobody could say I had touched any

of it, or gone near it; that a fellow came running into the shop out of the street, and laid hands on me in a

furious manner, in the very moments while I was calling for the people of the house; that if he had really had

a mind to have done his neighbour any service, he should have stood at a distance, and silently watched to see

whether I had touched anything or no, and then have clapped in upon me, and taken me in the fact. 'That is

very true,' says Mr. Alderman, and turning to the fellow that stopped me, he asked him if it was true that I

knocked with my foot? He said, yes, I had knocked, but that might be because of his coming. 'Nay,' says the

alderman, taking him short, 'now you contradict yourself, for just now you said she was in the shop with her

back to you, and did not see you till you came upon her.' Now it was true that my back was partly to the

street, but yet as my business was of a kind that required me to have my eyes every way, so I really had a

After a full hearing, the alderman gave it as his opinion that his neighbour was under a mistake, and that I

was innocent, and the goldsmith acquiesced in it too, and his wife, and so I was dismissed; but as I was going

to depart, Mr. Alderman said, 'But hold, madam, if you were designing to buy spoons, I hope you will not let

my friend here lose his customer by the mistake.' I readily answered, 'No, sir, I'll buy the spoons still, if he

can match my odd spoon, which I brought for a pattern'; and the goldsmith showed me some of the very same

fashion. So he weighed the spoons, and they came to fiveandthirty shillings, so I pulls out my purse to pay

him, in which I had near twenty guineas, for I never went without such a sum about me, whatever might

When Mr. Alderman saw my money, he said, 'Well, madam, now I am satisfied you were wronged, and it

was for this reason that I moved you should buy the spoons, and stayed till you had bought them, for if you

had not had money to pay for them, I should have suspected that you did not come into the shop with an

intent to buy, for indeed the sort of people who come upon these designs that you have been charged with, are

I smiled, and told his worship, that then I owed something of his favour to my money, but I hoped he saw

reason also in the justice he had done me before. He said, yes, he had, but this had confirmed his opinion, and

he was fully satisfied now of my having been injured. So I came off with flying colours, though from an

It was but three days after this, that not at all made cautious by my former danger, as I used to be, and still

pursuing the art which I had so long been employed in, I ventured into a house where I saw the doors open,

and furnished myself, as I though verily without being perceived, with two pieces of flowered silks, such as

they call brocaded silk, very rich. It was not a mercer's shop, nor a warehouse of a mercer, but looked like a

private dwellinghouse, and was, it seems, inhabited by a man that sold goods for the weavers to the mercers,

That I may make short of this black part of this story, I was attacked by two wenches that came

openmouthed at me just as I was going out at the door, and one of them pulled me back into the room, while

the other shut the door upon me. I would have given them good words, but there was no room for it, two fiery

dragons could not have been more furious than they were; they tore my clothes, bullied and roared as if they

would have murdered me; the mistress of the house came next, and then the master, and all outrageous, for a

I gave the master very good words, told him the door was open, and things were a temptation to me, that I

was poor and distressed, and poverty was when many could not resist, and begged him with tears to have pity

on me. The mistress of the house was moved with compassion, and inclined to have let me go, and had

almost persuaded her husband to it also, but the saucy wenches were run, even before they were sent, and had

fetched a constable, and then the master said he could not go back, I must go before a justice, and answered

The sight of the constable, indeed, struck me with terror, and I thought I should have sunk into the ground. I

fell into faintings, and indeed the people themselves thought I would have died, when the woman argued

again for me, and entreated her husband, seeing they had lost nothing, to let me go. I offered him to pay for

the two pieces, whatever the value was, though I had not got them, and argued that as he had his goods, and

had really lost nothing, it would be cruel to pursue me to death, and have my blood for the bare attempt of

taking them. I put the constable in mind that I had broke no doors, nor carried anything away; and when I

came to the justice, and pleaded there that I had neither broken anything to get in, nor carried anything out,

the justice was inclined to have released me; but the first saucy jade that stopped me, affirming that I was

going out with the goods, but that she stopped me and pulled me back as I was upon the threshold, the justice

upon that point committed me, and I was carried to Newgate. That horrid place! my very blood chills at the

mention of its name; the place where so many of my comrades had been locked up, and from whence they

went to the fatal tree; the place where my mother suffered so deeply, where I was brought into the world, and

from whence I expected no redemption but by an infamous death: to conclude, the place that had so long

I was not fixed indeed; 'tis impossible to describe the terror of my mind, when I was first brought in, and

when I looked around upon all the horrors of that dismal place. I looked on myself as lost, and that I had

nothing to think of but of going out of the world, and that with the utmost infamy: the hellish noise, the

roaring, swearing, and clamour, the stench and nastiness, and all the dreadful crowd of afflicting things that I

saw there, joined together to make the place seem an emblem of hell itself, and a kind of an entrance into it.

Now I reproached myself with the many hints I had had, as I have mentioned above, from my own reason,

from the sense of my good circumstances, and of the many dangers I had escaped, to leave off while I was

well, and how I had withstood them all, and hardened my thoughts against all fear. It seemed to me that I was

hurried on by an inevitable and unseen fate to this day of misery, and that now I was to expiate all my

offences at the gallows; that I was now to give satisfaction to justice with my blood, and that I was come to

the last hour of my life and of my wickedness together. These things poured themselves in upon my thoughts

Them I repented heartily of all my life past, but that repentance yielded me no satisfaction, no peace, no, not

in the least, because, as I said to myself, it was repenting after the power of further sinning was taken away. I

seemed not to mourn that I had committed such crimes, and for the fact as it was an offence against God and

my neighbour, but I mourned that I was to be punished for it. I was a penitent, as I thought, not that I had

sinned, but that I was to suffer, and this took away all the comfort, and even the hope of my repentance in my

I got no sleep for several nights or days after I came into that wretched place, and glad I would have been for

some time to have died there, though I did not consider dying as it ought to be considered neither; indeed,

nothing could be filled with more horror to my imagination than the very place, nothing was more odious to

me than the company that was there. Oh! if I had but been sent to any place in the world, and not to Newgate,

In the next place, how did the hardened wretches that were there before me triumph over me! What! Mrs.

Flanders come to Newgate at last? What! Mrs. Mary, Mrs. Molly, and after that plain Moll Flanders? They

thought the devil had helped me, they said, that I had reigned so long; they expected me there many years

ago, and was I come at last? Then they flouted me with my dejections, welcomed me to the place, wished me

joy, bid me have a good heart, not to be cast down, things might not be so bad as I feared, and the like; then

called for brandy, and drank to me, but put it all up to my score, for they told me I was but just come to the

college, as they called it, and sure I had money in my pocket, though they had none.

I asked one of this crew how long she had been there. She said four months. I asked her how the place looked

to her when she first came into it. 'Just as it did now to you,' says she, dreadful and frightful'; that she thought

she was in hell; 'and I believe so still,' adds she, 'but it is natural to me now, I don't disturb myself about it.' 'I

suppose,' says I, 'you are in no danger of what is to follow?' 'Nay,' says she, 'for you are mistaken there, I

assure you, for I am under sentence, only I pleaded my belly, but I am no more with child than the judge that

tried me, and I expect to be called down next sessions.' This 'calling down' is calling down to their former

judgment, when a woman has been respited for her belly, but proves not to be with child, or if she has been

with child, and has been brought to bed. 'Well,' says I, 'are you thus easy?' 'Ay,' says she, 'I can't help myself;

what signifies being sad? If I am hanged, there's an end of me,' says she; and away she turns dancing, and

I cannot say, as some do, this devil is not so black as he is painted; for indeed no colours can represent the

place to the life, not any soul conceive aright of it but those who have been suffers there. But how hell should

become by degree so natural, and not only tolerable, but even agreeable, is a thing unintelligible but by those

The same night that I was sent to Newgate, I sent the news of it to my old governess, who was surprised at it,

you may be sure, and spent the night almost as ill out of Newgate, as I did in it.

The next morning she came to see me; she did what she could to comfort me, but she saw that was to no

purpose; however, as she said, to sink under the weight was but to increase the weight; she immediately

applied herself to all the proper methods to prevent the effects of it, which we feared, and first she found out

the two fiery jades that had surprised me. She tampered with them, offered them money, and, in a word, tried

all imaginable ways to prevent a prosecution; she offered one of the wenches #100 to go away from her

mistress, and not to appear against me, but she was so resolute, that though she was but a servant maid at #3 a

year wages or thereabouts, she refused it, and would have refused it, as my governess said she believed, if she

had offered her #500. Then she attacked the other maid; she was not so hardhearted in appearance as the

other, and sometimes seemed inclined to be merciful; but the first wench kept her up, and changed her mind,

and would not so much as let my governess talk with her, but threatened to have her up for tampering with

Then she applied to the master, that is to say, the man whose goods had been stolen, and particularly to his

wife, who, as I told you, was inclined at first to have some compassion for me; she found the woman the

same still, but the man alleged he was bound by the justice that committed me, to prosecute, and that he

My governess offered to find friends that should get his recognisances off of the file, as they call it, and that

he should not suffer; but it was not possible to convince him that could be done, or that he could be safe any

way in the world but by appearing against me; so I was to have three witnesses of fact against me, the master

and his two maids; that is to say, I was as certain to be cast for my life as I was certain that I was alive, and I

had nothing to do but to think of dying, and prepare for it. I had but a sad foundation to build upon, as I said

before, for all my repentance appeared to me to be only the effect of my fear of death, not a sincere regret for

the wicked life that I had lived, and which had brought this misery upon me, for the offending my Creator,

I lived many days here under the utmost horror of soul; I had death, as it were, in view, and thought of

nothing night and day, but of gibbets and halters, evil spirits and devils; it is not to be expressed by words

how I was harassed, between the dreadful apprehensions of death and the terror of my conscience

The ordinary Of Newgate came to me, and talked a little in his way, but all his divinity ran upon confessing

my crime, as he called it (though he knew not what I was in for), making a full discovery, and the like,

without which he told me God would never forgive me; and he said so little to the purpose, that I had no

manner of consolation from him; and then to observe the poor creature preaching confession and repentance

to me in the morning, and find him drunk with brandy and spirits by noon, this had something in it so

shocking, that I began to nauseate the man more than his work, and his work too by degrees, for the sake of

I know not how it was, but by the indefatigable application of my diligent governess I had no bill preferred

against me the first sessions, I mean to the grand jury, at Guildhall; so I had another month or five weeks

before me, and without doubt this ought to have been accepted by me, as so much time given me for

reflection upon what was past, and preparation for what was to come; or, in a word, I ought to have esteemed

it as a space given me for repentance, and have employed it as such, but it was not in me. I was sorry (as

On the contrary, like the waters in the cavities and hollows of mountains, which petrify and turn into stone

whatever they are suffered to drop on, so the continual conversing with such a crew of hellhounds as I was,

had the same common operation upon me as upon other people. I degenerated into stone; I turned first stupid

and senseless, then brutish and thoughtless, and at last raving mad as any of them were; and, in short, I

became as naturally pleased and easy with the place, as if indeed I had been born there.

It is scarce possible to imagine that our natures should be capable of so much degeneracy, as to make that

pleasant and agreeable that in itself is the most complete misery. Here was a circumstance that I think it is

scarce possible to mention a worse: I was as exquisitely miserable as, speaking of common cases, it was

possible for any one to be that had life and health, and money to help them, as I had.

I had weight of guilt upon me enough to sink any creature who had the least power of reflection left, and had

any sense upon them of the happiness of this life, of the misery of another; then I had at first remorse indeed,

but no repentance; I had now neither remorse nor repentance. I had a crime charged on me, the punishment of

which was death by our law; the proof so evident, that there was no room for me so much as to plead not

guilty. I had the name of an old offender, so that I had nothing to expect but death in a few weeks' time,

neither had I myself any thoughts of escaping; and yet a certain strange lethargy of soul possessed me. I had

no trouble, no apprehensions, no sorrow about me, the first surprise was gone; I was, I may well say, I know

not how; my senses, my reason, nay, my conscience, were all asleep; my course of life for forty years had

been a horrid complication of wickedness, whoredom, adultery, incest, lying, theft; and, in a word, everything

but murder and treason had been my practice from the age of eighteen, or thereabouts, to threescore; and

now I was engulfed in the misery of punishment, and had an infamous death just at the door, and yet I had no

sense of my condition, no thought of heaven or hell at least, that went any farther than a bare flying touch,

like the stitch or pain that gives a hint and goes off. I neither had a heart to ask God's mercy, nor indeed to

think of it. And in this, I think, I have given a brief description of the completest misery on earth.

All my terrifying thoughts were past, the horrors of the place were become familiar, and I felt no more

uneasiness at the noise and clamours of the prison, than they did who made that noise; in a word, I was

become a mere Newgatebird, as wicked and as outrageous as any of them; nay, I scarce retained the habit

and custom of good breeding and manners, which all along till now ran through my conversation; so

thorough a degeneracy had possessed me, that I was no more the same thing that I had been, than if I had

In the middle of this hardened part of my life I had another sudden surprise, which called me back a little to

that thing called sorrow, which indeed I began to be past the sense of before. They told me one night that

there was brought into the prison late the night before three highwaymen, who had committed robbery

somewhere on the road to Windsor, Hounslow Heath, I think it was, and were pursued to Uxbridge by the

country, and were taken there after a gallant resistance, in which I know not how many of the country people

It is not to be wondered that we prisoners were all desirous enough to see these brave, topping gentlemen,

that were talked up to be such as their fellows had not been known, and especially because it was said they

would in the morning be removed into the pressyard, having given money to the head master of the prison,

to be allowed the liberty of that better part of the prison. So we that were women placed ourselves in the way,

that we would be sure to see them; but nothing could express the amazement and surprise I was in, when the

very first man that came out I knew to be my Lancashire husband, the same who lived so well at Dunstable,

and the same who I afterwards saw at Brickhill, when I was married to my last husband, as has been related.

I was struck dumb at the sight, and knew neither what to say nor what to do; he did not know me, and that

was all the present relief I had. I quitted my company, and retired as much as that dreadful place suffers

anybody to retire, and I cried vehemently for a great while. 'Dreadful creature that I am,' said I, 'how may

poor people have I made miserable? How many desperate wretches have I sent to the devil?' He had told me

at Chester he was ruined by that match, and that his fortunes were made desperate on my account; for that

thinking I had been a fortune, he was run into debt more than he was able to pay, and that he knew not what

course to take; that he would go into the army and carry a musket, or buy a horse and take a tour, as he called

it; and though I never told him that I was a fortune, and so did not actually deceive him myself, yet I did

encourage the having it thought that I was so, and by that means I was the occasion originally of his mischief.

The surprise of the thing only struck deeper into my thoughts, any gave me stronger reflections than all that

had befallen me before. I grieved day and night for him, and the more for that they told me he was the captain

of the gang, and that he had committed so many robberies, that Hind, or Whitney, or the Golden Farmer were

fools to him; that he would surely be hanged if there were no more men left in the country he was born in;

I was overwhelmed with grief for him; my own case gave me no disturbance compared to this, and I loaded

myself with reproaches on his account. I bewailed his misfortunes, and the ruin he was now come to, at such

a rate, that I relished nothing now as I did before, and the first reflections I made upon the horrid, detestable

life I had lived began to return upon me, and as these things returned, my abhorrence of the place I was in,

and of the way of living in it, returned also; in a word, I was perfectly changed, and become another body.

While I was under these influences of sorrow for him, came notice to me that the next sessions approaching

there would be a bill preferred to the grand jury against me, and that I should be certainly tried for my life at

the Old Bailey. My temper was touched before, the hardened, wretched boldness of spirit which I had

acquired abated, and conscious in the prison, guilt began to flow in upon my mind. In short, I began to think,

and to think is one real advance from hell to heaven. All that hellish, hardened state and temper of soul,

which I have said so much of before, is but a deprivation of thought; he that is restored to his power of

As soon as I began, I say, to think, the first think that occurred to me broke out thus: 'Lord! what will become

of me? I shall certainly die! I shall be cast, to be sure, and there is nothing beyond that but death! I have no

friends; what shall I do? I shall be certainly cast! Lord, have mercy upon me! What will become of me?' This

was a sad thought, you will say, to be the first, after so long a time, that had started into my soul of that kind,

and yet even this was nothing but fright at what was to come; there was not a word of sincere repentance in it

all. However, I was indeed dreadfully dejected, and disconsolate to the last degree; and as I had no friend in

the world to communicate my distressed thoughts to, it lay so heavy upon me, that it threw me into fits and

swoonings several times a day. I sent for my old governess, and she, give her her due, acted the part of a true

friend. She left no stone unturned to prevent the grand jury finding the bill. She sought out one or two of the

jurymen, talked with them, and endeavoured to possess them with favourable dispositions, on account that

nothing was taken away, and no house broken, etc.; but all would not do, they were overruled by the rest;

the two wenches swore home to the fact, and the jury found the bill against me for robbery and

I sunk down when they brought me news of it, and after I came to myself again, I thought I should have died

with the weight of it. My governess acted a true mother to me; she pitied me, she cried with me, and for me,

but she could not help me; and to add to the terror of it, 'twas the discourse all over the house that I should die

for it. I could hear them talk it among themselves very often, and see them shake their heads and say they

were sorry for it, and the like, as is usual in the place. But still nobody came to tell me their thoughts, till at

last one of the keepers came to me privately, and said with a sigh, 'Well, Mrs. Flanders, you will be tried on

Friday' (this was but a Wednesday); 'what do you intend to do?' I turned as white as a clout, and said, 'God

knows what I shall do; for my part, I know not what to do.' 'Why,' says he, 'I won't flatter you, I would have

you prepare for death, for I doubt you will be cast; and as they say you are an old offender, I doubt you will

find but little mercy. They say,' added he, 'your case is very plain, and that the witnesses swear so home

This was a stab into the very vitals of one under such a burthen as I was oppressed with before, and I could

not speak to him a word, good or bad, for a great while; but at last I burst out into tears, and said to him,

'Lord! Mr., what must I do?' 'Do!' says he, 'send for the ordinary; send for a minister and talk with him;

for, indeed, Mrs. Flanders, unless you have very good friends, you are no woman for this world.'

This was plain dealing indeed, but it was very harsh to me, at least I thought it so. He left me in the greatest

confusion imaginable, and all that night I lay awake. And now I began to say my prayers, which I had scarce

done before since my last husband's death, or from a little while after. And truly I may well call it saying my

prayers, for I was in such a confusion, and had such horror upon my mind, that though I cried, and repeated

several times the ordinary expression of 'Lord, have mercy upon me!' I never brought myself to any sense of

my being a miserable sinner, as indeed I was, and of confessing my sins to God, and begging pardon for the

sake of Jesus Christ. I was overwhelmed with the sense of my condition, being tried for my life, and being

sure to be condemned, and then I was as sure to be executed, and on this account I cried out all night, 'Lord,

what will become of me? Lord! what shall I do? Lord! I shall be hanged! Lord, have mercy upon me!' and the

My poor afflicted governess was now as much concerned as I, and a great deal more truly penitent, though

she had no prospect of being brought to trial and sentence. Not but that she deserved it as much as I, and so

she said herself; but she had not done anything herself for many years, other than receiving what I and others

stole, and encouraging us to steal it. But she cried, and took on like a distracted body, wringing her hands,

and crying out that she was undone, that she believed there was a curse from heaven upon her, that she should

be damned, that she had been the destruction of all her friends, that she had brought such a one, and such a

one, and such a one to the gallows; and there she reckoned up ten or eleven people, some of which I have

given account of, that came to untimely ends; and that now she was the occasion of my ruin, for she had

persuaded me to go on, when I would have left off. I interrupted her there. 'No, mother, no,' said I, 'don't

speak of that, for you would have had me left off when I got the mercer's money again, and when I came

home from Harwich, and I would not hearken to you; therefore you have not been to blame; it is I only have

ruined myself, I have brought myself to this misery'; and thus we spent many hours together.

Well, there was no remedy; the prosecution went on, and on the Thursday I was carried down to the

sessionshouse, where I was arraigned, as they called it, and the next day I was appointed to be tried. At the

arraignment I pleaded 'Not guilty,' and well I might, for I was indicted for felony and burglary; that is, for

feloniously stealing two pieces of brocaded silk, value #46, the goods of Anthony Johnson, and for breaking

open his doors; whereas I knew very well they could not pretend to prove I had broken up the doors, or so

On the Friday I was brought to my trial. I had exhausted my spirits with crying for two or three days before,

so that I slept better the Thursday night than I expected, and had more courage for my trial than indeed I

When the trial began, the indictment was read, I would have spoke, but they told me the witnesses must be

heard first, and then I should have time to be heard. The witnesses were the two wenches, a couple of

hardmouthed jades indeed, for though the thing was truth in the main, yet they aggravated it to the utmost

extremity, and swore I had the goods wholly in my possession, that I had hid them among my clothes, that I

was going off with them, that I had one foot over the threshold when they discovered themselves, and then I

put t' other over, so that I was quite out of the house in the street with the goods before they took hold of me,

and then they seized me, and brought me back again, and they took the goods upon me. The fact in general

was all true, but I believe, and insisted upon it, that they stopped me before I had set my foot clear of the

threshold of the house. But that did not argue much, for certain it was that I had taken the goods, and I was

But I pleaded that I had stole nothing, they had lost nothing, that the door was open, and I went in, seeing the

goods lie there, and with design to buy. If, seeing nobody in the house, I had taken any of them up in my

hand it could not be concluded that I intended to steal them, for that I never carried them farther than the door

The Court would not allow that by any means, and made a kind of a jest of my intending to buy the goods,

that being no shop for the selling of anything, and as to carrying them to the door to look at them, the maids

made their impudent mocks upon that, and spent their wit upon it very much; told the Court I had looked at

them sufficiently, and approved them very well, for I had packed them up under my clothes, and was agoing

In short, I was found guilty of felony, but acquitted of the burglary, which was but small comfort to me, the

first bringing me to a sentence of death, and the last would have done no more. The next day I was carried

down to receive the dreadful sentence, and when they came to ask me what I had to say why sentence should

not pass, I stood mute a while, but somebody that stood behind me prompted me aloud to speak to the judges,

for that they could represent things favourably for me. This encouraged me to speak, and I told them I had

nothing to say to stop the sentence, but that I had much to say to bespeak the mercy of the Court; that I hoped

they would allow something in such a case for the circumstances of it; that I had broken no doors, had carried

nothing off; that nobody had lost anything; that the person whose goods they were was pleased to say he

desired mercy might be shown (which indeed he very honestly did); that, at the worst, it was the first offence,

and that I had never been before any court of justice before; and, in a word, I spoke with more courage that I

thought I could have done, and in such a moving tone, and though with tears, yet not so many tears as to

The judges sat grave and mute, gave me an easy hearing, and time to say all that I would, but, saying neither

Yes nor No to it, pronounced the sentence of death upon me, a sentence that was to me like death itself,

which, after it was read, confounded me. I had no more spirit left in me, I had no tongue to speak, or eyes to

My poor governess was utterly disconsolate, and she that was my comforter before, wanted comfort now

herself; and sometimes mourning, sometimes raging, was as much out of herself, as to all outward

appearance, as any mad woman in Bedlam. Nor was she only disconsolate as to me, but she was struck with

horror at the sense of her own wicked life, and began to look back upon it with a taste quite different from

mine, for she was penitent to the highest degree for her sins, as well as sorrowful for the misfortune. She sent

for a minister, too, a serious, pious, good man, and applied herself with such earnestness, by his assistance, to

the work of a sincere repentance, that I believe, and so did the minister too, that she was a true penitent; and,

which is still more, she was not only so for the occasion, and at that juncture, but she continued so, as I was

It is rather to be thought of than expressed what was now my condition. I had nothing before me but present

death; and as I had no friends to assist me, or to stir for me, I expected nothing but to find my name in the

dead warrant, which was to come down for the execution, the Friday afterwards, of five more and myself.

In the meantime my poor distressed governess sent me a minister, who at her request first, and at my own

afterwards, came to visit me. He exhorted me seriously to repent of all my sins, and to dally no longer with

my soul; not flattering myself with hopes of life, which, he said, he was informed there was no room to

expect, but unfeignedly to look up to God with my whole soul, and to cry for pardon in the name of Jesus

Christ. He backed his discourses with proper quotations of Scripture, encouraging the greatest sinner to

repent, and turn from their evil way, and when he had done, he kneeled down and prayed with me.

It was now that, for the first time, I felt any real signs of repentance. I now began to look back upon my past

life with abhorrence, and having a kind of view into the other side of time, and things of life, as I believe they

do with everybody at such a time, began to look with a different aspect, and quite another shape, than they

did before. The greatest and best things, the views of felicity, the joy, the griefs of life, were quite other

things; and I had nothing in my thoughts but what was so infinitely superior to what I had known in life, that

it appeared to me to be the greatest stupidity in nature to lay any weight upon anything, though the most

The word eternity represented itself with all its incomprehensible additions, and I had such extended notions

of it, that I know not how to express them. Among the rest, how vile, how gross, how absurd did every

pleasant thing look!I mean, that we had counted pleasant beforeespecially when I reflected that these

With these reflections came, of mere course, severe reproaches of my own mind for my wretched behaviour

in my past life; that I had forfeited all hope of any happiness in the eternity that I was just going to enter into,

and on the contrary was entitled to all that was miserable, or had been conceived of misery; and all this with

I am not capable of reading lectures of instruction to anybody, but I relate this in the very manner in which

things then appeared to me, as far as I am able, but infinitely short of the lively impressions which they made

on my soul at that time; indeed, those impressions are not to be explained by words, or if they are, I am not

mistress of words enough to express them. It must be the work of every sober reader to make just reflections

on them, as their own circumstances may direct; and, without question, this is what every one at some time or

other may feel something of; I mean, a clearer sight into things to come than they had here, and a dark view

But I go back to my own case. The minister pressed me to tell him, as far as I though convenient, in what

state I found myself as to the sight I had of things beyond life. He told me he did not come as ordinary of the

place, whose business it is to extort confessions from prisoners, for private ends, or for the further detecting

of other offenders; that his business was to move me to such freedom of discourse as might serve to

disburthen my own mind, and furnish him to administer comfort to me as far as was in his power; and

assured me, that whatever I said to him should remain with him, and be as much a secret as if it was known

only to God and myself; and that he desired to know nothing of me, but as above to qualify him to apply

This honest, friendly way of treating me unlocked all the sluices of my passions. He broke into my very soul

by it; and I unravelled all the wickedness of my life to him. In a word, I gave him an abridgment of this whole

I hid nothing from him, and he in return exhorted me to sincere repentance, explained to me what he meant

by repentance, and then drew out such a scheme of infinite mercy, proclaimed from heaven to sinners of the

greatest magnitude, that he left me nothing to say, that looked like despair, or doubting of being accepted; and

He visited me again the next morning, and went on with his method of explaining the terms of divine mercy,

which according to him consisted of nothing more, or more difficult, than that of being sincerely desirous of

it, and willing to accept it; only a sincere regret for, and hatred of, those things I had done, which rendered me

so just an object of divine vengeance. I am not able to repeat the excellent discourses of this extraordinary

man; 'tis all that I am able to do, to say that he revived my heart, and brought me into such a condition that I

never knew anything of in my life before. I was covered with shame and tears for things past, and yet had at

the same time a secret surprising joy at the prospect of being a true penitent, and obtaining the comfort of a

penitentI mean, the hope of being forgiven; and so swift did thoughts circulate, and so high did the

impressions they had made upon me run, that I thought I could freely have gone out that minute to execution,

without any uneasiness at all, casting my soul entirely into the arms of infinite mercy as a penitent.

The good gentleman was so moved also in my behalf with a view of the influence which he saw these things

had on me, that he blessed God he had come to visit me, and resolved not to leave me till the last moment;

It was no less than twelve days after our receiving sentence before any were ordered for execution, and then

upon a Wednesday the dead warrant, as they call it, came down, and I found my name was among them. A

terrible blow this was to my new resolutions; indeed my heart sank within me, and I swooned away twice,

one after another, but spoke not a word. The good minister was sorely afflicted for me, and did what he could

to comfort me with the same arguments, and the same moving eloquence that he did before, and left me not

that evening so long as the prisonkeepers would suffer him to stay in the prison, unless he would be locked

I wondered much that I did not see him all the next day, it being the day before the time appointed for

execution; and I was greatly discouraged, and dejected in my mind, and indeed almost sank for want of the

comfort which he had so often, and with such success, yielded me on his former visits. I waited with great

impatience, and under the greatest oppressions of spirits imaginable, till about four o'clock he came to my

apartment; for I had obtained the favour, by the help of money, nothing being to be done in that place without

it, not to be kept in the condemned hole, as they call it, among the rest of the prisoners who were to die, but to

My heart leaped within me for joy when I heard his voice at the door, even before I saw him; but let any one

judge what kind of motion I found in my soul, when after having made a short excuse for his not coming, he

showed me that his time had been employed on my account; that he had obtained a favourable report from the

Recorder to the Secretary of State in my particular case, and, in short, that he had brought me a reprieve.

He used all the caution that he was able in letting me know a thing which it would have been a double cruelty

to have concealed; and yet it was too much for me; for as grief had overset me before, so did joy overset me

now, and I fell into a much more dangerous swooning than I did at first, and it was not without a great

The good man having made a very Christian exhortation to me, not to let the joy of my reprieve put the

remembrance of my past sorrow out of my mind, and having told me that he must leave me, to go and enter

the reprieve in the books, and show it to the sheriffs, stood up just before his going away, and in a very

earnest manner prayed to God for me, that my repentance might be made unfeigned and sincere; and that my

coming back, as it were, into life again, might not be a returning to the follies of life which I had made such

solemn resolutions to forsake, and to repent of them. I joined heartily in the petition, and must needs say I

had deeper impressions upon my mind all that night, of the mercy of God in sparing my life, and a greater

detestation of my past sins, from a sense of the goodness which I had tasted in this case, than I had in all my

This may be thought inconsistent in itself, and wide from the business of this book; particularly, I reflect that

many of those who may be pleased and diverted with the relation of the wild and wicked part of my story

may not relish this, which is really the best part of my life, the most advantageous to myself, and the most

instructive to others. Such, however, will, I hope, allow me the liberty to make my story complete. It would

be a severe satire on such to say they do not relish the repentance as much as they do the crime; and that they

had rather the history were a complete tragedy, as it was very likely to have been.

But I go on with my relation. The next morning there was a sad scene indeed in the prison. The first thing I

was saluted with in the morning was the tolling of the great bell at St. Sepulchre's, as they call it, which

ushered in the day. As soon as it began to toll, a dismal groaning and crying was heard from the condemned

hole, where there lay six poor souls who were to be executed that day, some from one crime, some for

This was followed by a confused clamour in the house, among the several sorts of prisoners, expressing their

awkward sorrows for the poor creatures that were to die, but in a manner extremely differing one from

another. Some cried for them; some huzzaed, and wished them a good journey; some damned and cursed

those that had brought them to itthat is, meaning the evidence, or prosecutorsmany pitying them, and

There was hardly room for so much composure of mind as was required for me to bless the merciful

Providence that had, as it were, snatched me out of the jaws of this destruction. I remained, as it were, dumb

and silent, overcome with the sense of it, and not able to express what I had in my heart; for the passions on

such occasions as these are certainly so agitated as not to be able presently to regulate their own motions.

All the while the poor condemned creatures were preparing to their death, and the ordinary, as they call him,

was busy with them, disposing them to submit to their sentenceI say, all this while I was seized with a fit

of trembling, as much as I could have been if I had been in the same condition, as to be sure the day before I

expected to be; I was so violently agitated by this surprising fit, that I shook as if it had been in the cold fit of

an ague, so that I could not speak or look but like one distracted. As soon as they were all put into carts and

gone, which, however, I had not courage enough to seeI say, as soon as they were gone, I fell into a fit of

crying involuntarily, and without design, but as a mere distemper, and yet so violent, and it held me so long,

that I knew not what course to take, nor could I stop, or put a check to it, no, not with all the strength and

This fit of crying held me near two hours, and, as I believe, held me till they were all out of the world, and

then a most humble, penitent, serious kind of joy succeeded; a real transport it was, or passion of joy and

thankfulness, but still unable to give vent to it by words, and in this I continued most part of the day.

In the evening the good minister visited me again, and then fell to his usual good discourses. He

congratulated my having a space yet allowed me for repentance, whereas the state of those six poor creatures

was determined, and they were now past the offers of salvation; he earnestly pressed me to retain the same

sentiments of the things of life that I had when I had a view of eternity; and at the end of all told me I should

not conclude that all was over, that a reprieve was not a pardon, that he could not yet answer for the effects of

it; however, I had this mercy, that I had more time given me, and that it was my business to improve that

This discourse, though very seasonable, left a kind of sadness on my heart, as if I might expect the affair

would have a tragical issue still, which, however, he had no certainty of; and I did not indeed, at that time,

question him about it, he having said that he would do his utmost to bring it to a good end, and that he hoped

he might, but he would not have me be secure; and the consequence proved that he had reason for what he

It was about a fortnight after this that I had some just apprehensions that I should be included in the next dead

warrant at the ensuing sessions; and it was not without great difficulty, and at last a humble petition for

transportation, that I avoided it, so ill was I beholding to fame, and so prevailing was the fatal report of being

an old offender; though in that they did not do me strict justice, for I was not in the sense of the law an old

offender, whatever I was in the eye of the judge, for I had never been before them in a judicial way before; so

the judges could not charge me with being an old offender, but the Recorder was pleased to represent my case

I had now a certainty of life indeed, but with the hard conditions of being ordered for transportation, which

indeed was hard condition in itself, but not when comparatively considered; and therefore I shall make no

comments upon the sentence, nor upon the choice I was put to. We shall all choose anything rather than

death, especially when 'tis attended with an uncomfortable prospect beyond it, which was my case.

The good minister, whose interest, though a stranger to me, had obtained me the reprieve, mourned sincerely

for this part. He was in hopes, he said, that I should have ended my days under the influence of good

instruction, that I should not have been turned loose again among such a wretched crew as they generally are,

who are thus sent abroad, where, as he said, I must have more than ordinary secret assistance from the grace

I have not for a good while mentioned my governess, who had during most, if not all, of this part been

dangerously sick, and being in as near a view of death by her disease as I was by my sentence, was a great

penitentI say, I have not mentioned her, nor indeed did I see her in all this time; but being now recovering,

I told her my condition, and what a different flux and reflux of tears and hopes I had been agitated with; I told

her what I had escaped, and upon what terms; and she was present when the minister expressed his fears of

my relapsing into wickedness upon my falling into the wretched companies that are generally transported.

Indeed I had a melancholy reflection upon it in my own mind, for I knew what a dreadful gang was always

sent away together, and I said to my governess that the good minister's fears were not without cause. 'Well,

well,' says she, 'but I hope you will not be tempted with such a horrid example as that.' And as soon as the

minister was gone, she told me she would not have me discouraged, for perhaps ways and means might be

found out to dispose of me in a particular way, by myself, of which she would talk further to me afterward.

I looked earnestly at her, and I thought she looked more cheerful than she usually had done, and I entertained

immediately a thousand notions of being delivered, but could not for my life image the methods, or think of

one that was in the least feasible; but I was too much concerned in it to let her go from me without explaining

herself, which, though she was very loth to do, yet my importunity prevailed, and, while I was still pressing,

she answered me in a few words, thus: 'Why, you have money, have you not? Did you ever know one in your

life that was transported and had a hundred pounds in his pocket, I'll warrant you, child?'says she.

I understood her presently, but told her I would leave all that to her, but I saw no room to hope for anything

but a strict execution of the order, and as it was a severity that was esteemed a mercy, there was no doubt but

it would be strictly observed. She said no more but this: 'We will try what can be done,' and so we parted for

I lay in the prison near fifteen weeks after this order for transportation was signed. What the reason of it was,

I know not, but at the end of this time I was put on board of a ship in the Thames, and with me a gang of

thirteen as hardened vile creatures as ever Newgate produced in my time; and it would really well take up a

history longer than mine to describe the degrees of impudence and audacious villainy that those thirteen were

arrived to, and the manner of their behaviour in the voyage; of which I have a very diverting account by me,

which the captain of the ship who carried them over gave me the minutes of, and which he caused his mate to

It may perhaps be thought trifling to enter here into a relation of all the little incidents which attended me in

this interval of my circumstances; I mean, between the final order of my transporation and the time of my

going on board the ship; and I am too near the end of my story to allow room for it; but something relating to

He had, as I have observed already, been carried from the master's side of the ordinary prison into the

pressyard, with three of his comrades, for they found another to add to them after some time; here, for what

reason I knew not, they were kept in custody without being brought to trial almost three months. It seems

they found means to bribe or buy off some of those who were expected to come in against them, and they

wanted evidence for some time to convict them. After some puzzle on this account, at first they made a shift

to get proof enough against two of them to carry them off; but the other two, of which my Lancashire

husband was one, lay still in suspense. They had, I think, one positive evidence against each of them, but the

law strictly obliging them to have two witnesses, they could make nothing of it. Yet it seems they were

resolved not to part with the men neither, not doubting but a further evidence would at last come in; and in

order to this, I think publication was made, that such prisoners being taken, any one that had been robbed by

I took this opportunity to satisfy my curiosity, pretending that I had been robbed in the Dunstable coach, and

that I would go to see the two highwaymen. But when I came into the pressyard, I so disguised myself, and

muffled my face up so, that he could see little of me, and consequently knew nothing of who I was; and when

Immediately it was rumoured all over the prison that Moll Flanders would turn evidence against one of the

highwaymen, and that I was to come off by it from the sentence of transportation.

They heard of it, and immediately my husband desired to see this Mrs. Flanders that knew him so well, and

was to be an evidence against him; and accordingly I had leave given to go to him. I dressed myself up as

well as the best clothes that I suffered myself ever to appear in there would allow me, and went to the

pressyard, but had for some time a hood over my face. He said little to me at first, but asked me if I knew

him. I told him, Yes, very well; but as I concealed my face, so I counterfeited my voice, that he had not the

least guess at who I was. He asked me where I had seen him. I told him between Dunstable and Brickhill; but

turning to the keeper that stood by, I asked if I might not be admitted to talk with him alone. He said Yes,

As soon as he was gone, I had shut the door, I threw off my hood, and bursting out into tears, 'My dear,' says

I, 'do you not know me?' He turned pale, and stood speechless, like one thunderstruck, and, not able to

conquer the surprise, said no more but this, 'Let me sit down'; and sitting down by a table, he laid his elbow

upon the table, and leaning his head on his hand, fixed his eyes on the ground as one stupid. I cried so

vehemently, on the other hand, that it was a good while ere I could speak any more; but after I had given

some vent to my passion by tears, I repeated the same words, 'My dear, do you not know me?' At which he

After some time continuing in the surprise, as above, he cast up his eyes towards me and said, 'How could

you be so cruel?' I did not readily understand what he meant; and I answered, 'How can you call me cruel?

What have I been cruel to you in?' 'To come to me,' says he, 'in such a place as this, is it not to insult me? I

I perceived by this that he knew nothing of the miserable circumstances I was in, and thought that, having got

some intelligence of his being there, I had come to upbraid him with his leaving me. But I had too much to

say to him to be affronted, and told him in few words, that I was far from coming to insult him, but at best I

came to condole mutually; that he would be easily satisfied that I had no such view, when I should tell him

that my condition was worse than his, and that many ways. He looked a little concerned at the general

expression of my condition being worse than his, but, with a kind smile, looked a little wildly, and said, 'How

can that be? When you see me fettered, and in Newgate, and two of my companions executed already, can

'Come, my dear,' says I, 'we have along piece of work to do, if I should be to related, or you to hear, my

unfortunate history; but if you are disposed to hear it, you will soon conclude with me that my condition is

worse than yours.' 'How is that possible,' says he again, 'when I expect to be cast for my life the very next

sessions?' 'Yes, says I, ''tis very possible, when I shall tell you that I have been cast for my life three sessions

Then indeed, he stood silent again, like one struck dumb, and after a while he starts up. 'Unhappy couple!'

says he. 'How can this be possible?' I took him by the hand. 'Come, my dear,' said I, 'sit down, and let us

compare our sorrows. I am a prisoner in this very house, and in much worse circumstances than you, and you

will be satisfied I do not come to insult you, when I tell you the particulars.' Any with this we sat down

together, and I told him so much of my story as I thought was convenient, bringing it at last to my being

reduced to great poverty, and representing myself as fallen into some company that led me to relieve my

distresses by way that I had been utterly unacquainted with, and that they making an attempt at a tradesman's

house, I was seized upon for having been but just at the door, the maidservant pulling me in; that I neither

had broke any lock nor taken anything away, and that notwithstanding that, I was brought in guilty and

sentenced to die; but that the judges, having been made sensible of the hardship of my circumstances, had

I told him I fared the worse for being taken in the prison for one Moll Flanders, who was a famous successful

thief, that all of them had heard of, but none of them had ever seen; but that, as he knew well, was none of my

name. But I placed all to the account of my ill fortune, and that under this name I was dealt with as an old

offender, though this was the first thing they had ever known of me. I gave him a long particular of things

that had befallen me since I saw him, but I told him if I had seen him since he might thing I had, and then

gave him an account how I had seen him at Brickhill; how furiously he was pursued, and how, by giving an

account that I knew him, and that he was a very honest gentleman, one Mr., the hueandcry was

He listened most attentively to all my story, and smiled at most of the particulars, being all of them petty

matters, and infinitely below what he had been at the head of; but when I came to the story of Brickhill, he

was surprised. 'And was it you, my dear,' said he, 'that gave the check to the mob that was at our heels there,

at Brickhill?' 'Yes,' said I, 'it was I indeed.' And then I told him the particulars which I had observed him

there. 'Why, then,' said he, 'it was you that saved my life at that time, and I am glad I owe my life to you, for I

will pay the debt to you now, and I'll deliver you from the present condition you are in, or I will die in the

I told him, by no means; it was a risk too great, not worth his running the hazard of, and for a life not worth

his saving. 'Twas no matter for that, he said, it was a life worth all the world to him; a life that had given him

a new life; 'for,' says he, 'I was never in real danger of being taken, but that time, till the last minute when I

was taken.' Indeed, he told me his danger then lay in his believing he had not been pursued that way; for they

had gone from Hockey quite another way, and had come over the enclosed country into Brickhill, not by the

Here he gave me a long history of his life, which indeed would make a very strange history, and be infinitely

diverting. He told me he took to the road about twelve years before he married me; that the woman which

called him brother was not really his sister, or any kin to him, but one that belonged to their gang, and who,

keeping correspondence with him, lived always in town, having good store of acquaintance; that she gave

them a perfect intelligence of persons going out of town, and that they had made several good booties by her

correspondence; that she thought she had fixed a fortune for him when she brought me to him, but happened

to be disappointed, which he really could not blame her for; that if it had been his good luck that I had had the

estate, which she was informed I had, he had resolved to leave off the road and live a retired, sober live but

never to appear in public till some general pardon had been passed, or till he could, for money, have got his

name into some particular pardon, that so he might have been perfectly easy; but that, as it had proved

otherwise, he was obliged to put off his equipage and take up the old trade again.

He gave me a long account of some of his adventures, and particularly one when he robbed the West Chester

coaches near Lichfield, when he got a very great booty; and after that, how he robbed five graziers, in the

west, going to Burford Fair in Wiltshire to buy sheep. He told me he got so much money on those two

occasions, that if he had known where to have found me, he would certainly have embraced my proposal of

going with me to Virginia, or to have settled in a plantation on some other parts of the English colonies in

He told me he wrote two or three letters to me, directed according to my order, but heard nothing from me.

This I indeed knew to be true, but the letters coming to my hand in the time of my latter husband, I could do

nothing in it, and therefore chose to give no answer, that so he might rather believe they had miscarried.

Being thus disappointed, he said, he carried on the old trade ever since, though when he had gotten so much

money, he said, he did not run such desperate risks as he did before. Then he gave me some account of

several hard and desperate encounters which he had with gentlemen on the road, who parted too hardly with

their money, and showed me some wounds he had received; and he had one or two very terrible wounds

indeed, as particularly one by a pistol bullet, which broke his arm, and another with a sword, which ran him

quite through the body, but that missing his vitals, he was cured again; one of his comrades having kept with

him so faithfully, and so friendly, as that he assisted him in riding near eighty miles before his arm was set,

and then got a surgeon in a considerable city, remote from that place where it was done, pretending they were

gentlemen travelling towards Carlisle and that they had been attacked on the road by highwaymen, and that

This, he said, his friend managed so well, that they were not suspected at all, but lay still till he was perfectly

cured. He gave me so many distinct accounts of his adventures, that it is with great reluctance that I decline

I then inquired into the circumstances of his present case at that time, and what it was he expected when he

came to be tried. He told me that they had no evidence against him, or but very little; for that of three

robberies, which they were all charged with, it was his good fortune that he was but in one of them, and that

there was but one witness to be had for that fact, which was not sufficient, but that it was expected some

others would come in against him; that he thought indeed, when he first saw me, that I had been one that

came of that errand; but that if somebody came in against him, he hoped he should be cleared; that he had had

some intimation, that if he would submit to transport himself, he might be admitted to it without a trial, but

that he could not think of it with any temper, and thought he could much easier submit to be hanged.

I blamed him for that, and told him I blamed him on two accounts; first, because if he was transported, there

might be a hundred ways for him that was a gentleman, and a bold enterprising man, to find his way back

again, and perhaps some ways and means to come back before he went. He smiled at that part, and said he

should like the last the best of the two, for he had a kind of horror upon his mind at his being sent over to the

plantations, as Romans sent condemned slaves to work in the mines; that he thought the passage into another

state, let it be what it would, much more tolerable at the gallows, and that this was the general notion of all

the gentlemen who were driven by the exigence of their fortunes to take the road; that at the place of

execution there was at least an end of all the miseries of the present state, and as for what was to follow, a

man was, in his opinion, as likely to repent sincerely in the last fortnight of his life, under the pressures and

agonies of a jail and the condemned hole, as he would ever be in the woods and wilderness of America; that

servitude and hard labour were things gentlemen could never stoop to; that it was but the way to force them

to be their own executioners afterwards, which was much worse; and that therefore he could not have any

I used the utmost of my endeavour to persuade him, and joined that known woman's rhetoric to itI mean,

that of tears. I told him the infamy of a public execution was certainly a greater pressure upon the spirits of a

gentleman than any of the mortifications that he could meet with abroad could be; that he had at least in the

other a chance for his life, whereas here he had none at all; that it was the easiest thing in the world for him to

manage the captain of a ship, who were, generally speaking, men of goodhumour and some gallantry; and a

small matter of conduct, especially if there was any money to be had, would make way for him to buy

He looked wistfully at me, and I thought I guessed at what he meant, that is to say, that he had no money; but

I was mistaken, his meaning was another way. 'You hinted just now, my dear,' said he, 'that there might be a

way of coming back before I went, by which I understood you that it might be possible to buy it off here. I

had rather give #200 to prevent going, than #100 to be set at liberty when I came there.' 'That is, my dear,'

said I, 'because you do not know the place so well as I do.' 'That may be,' said he; 'and yet I believe, as well as

you know it, you would do the same, unless it is because, as you told me, you have a mother there.'

I told him, as to my mother, it was next to impossible but that she must be dead many years before; and as for

any other relations that I might have there, I knew them not now; that since the misfortunes I had been under

had reduced me to the condition I had been in for some years, I had not kept up any correspondence with

them; and that he would easily believe, I should find but a cold reception from them if I should be put to

make my first visit in the condition of a transported felon; that therefore, if I went thither, I resolved not to

see them; but that I had many views in going there, if it should be my fate, which took off all the uneasy part

of it; and if he found himself obliged to go also, I should easily instruct him how to manage himself, so as

never to go a servant at all, especially since I found he was not destitute of money, which was the only friend

He smiled, and said he did not tell me he had money. I took him up short, and told him I hoped he did not

understand by my speaking, that I should expect any supply from him if he had money; that, on the other

hand, though I had not a great deal, yet I did not want, and while I had any I would rather add to him than

weaken him in that article, seeing, whatever he had, I knew in the case of transportation he would have

He expressed himself in a most tender manner upon that head. He told me what money he had was not a great

deal, but that he would never hide any of it from me if I wanted it, and that he assured me he did not speak

with any such apprehensions; that he was only intent upon what I had hinted to him before he went; that here

he knew what to do with himself, but that there he should be the most ignorant, helpless wretch alive.

I told him he frighted and terrified himself with that which had no terror in it; that if he had money, as I was

glad to hear he had, he might not only avoid the servitude supposed to be the consequence of transportation,

but begin the world upon a new foundation, and that such a one as he could not fail of success in, with the

common application usual in such cases; that he could not but call to mind that is was what I had

recommended to him many years before and had proposed it for our mutual subsistence and restoring our

fortunes in the world; and I would tell him now, that to convince him both of the certainty of it and of my

being fully acquainted with the method, and also fully satisfied in the probability of success, he should first

see me deliver myself from the necessity of going over at all, and then that I would go with him freely, and of

my own choice, and perhaps carry enough with me to satisfy him that I did not offer it for want of being able

to live without assistance from him, but that I thought our mutual misfortunes had been such as were

sufficient to reconcile us both to quitting this part of the world, and living where nobody could upbraid us

with what was past, or we be in any dread of a prison, and without agonies of a condemned hole to drive us to

it; this where we should look back on all our past disasters with infinite satisfaction, when we should consider

that our enemies should entirely forget us, and that we should live as new people in a new world, nobody

I pressed this home to him with so many arguments, and answered all his own passionate objections so

effectually that he embraced me, and told me I treated him with such sincerity and affection as overcame him;

that he would take my advice, and would strive to submit to his fate in hope of having the comfort of my

assistance, and of so faithful a counsellor and such a companion in his misery. But still he put me in mind of

what I had mentioned before, namely, that there might be some way to get off before he went, and that it

might be possible to avoid going at all, which he said would be much better. I told him he should see, and be

fully satisfied, that I would do my utmost in that part too, and if it did not succeed, yet that I would make

We parted after this long conference with such testimonies of kindness and affection as I thought were equal,

if not superior, to that at our parting at Dunstable; and now I saw more plainly than before, the reason why he

declined coming at that time any farther with me toward London than Dunstable, and why, when we parted

there, he told me it was not convenient for him to come part of the way to London to bring me going, as he

would otherwise have done. I have observed that the account of his life would have made a much more

pleasing history than this of mine; and, indeed, nothing in it was more strange than this part, viz. that he

carried on that desperate trade full fiveandtwenty years and had never been taken, the success he had met

with had been so very uncommon, and such that sometimes he had lived handsomely, and retired in place for

a year or two at a time, keeping himself and a manservant to wait on him, and had often sat in the

coffeehouses and heard the very people whom he had robbed give accounts of their being robbed, and of the

In this manner, it seems, he lived near Liverpool at the time he unluckily married me for a fortune. Had I

been the fortune he expected, I verily believe, as he said, that he would have taken up and lived honestly all

He had with the rest of his misfortunes the good luck not to be actually upon the spot when the robbery was

done which he was committed for, and so none of the persons robbed could swear to him, or had anything to

charge upon him. But it seems as he was taken with the gang, one hardmouthed countryman swore home to

him, and they were like to have others come in according to the publication they had made; so that they

However, the offer which was made to him of admitting him to transportation was made, as I understood,

upon the intercession of some great person who pressed him hard to accept of it before a trial; and indeed, as

he knew there were several that might come in against him, I thought his friend was in the right, and I lay at

At last, with much difficulty, he gave his consent; and as he was not therefore admitted to transportation in

court, and on his petition, as I was, so he found himself under a difficulty to avoid embarking himself as I had

said he might have done; his great friend, who was his intercessor for the favour of that grant, having given

security for him that he should transport himself, and not return within the term.

This hardship broke all my measures, for the steps I took afterwards for my own deliverance were hereby

rendered wholly ineffectual, unless I would abandon him, and leave him to go to America by himself; than

which he protested he would much rather venture, although he were certain to go directly to the gallows.

I must now return to my case. The time of my being transported according to my sentence was near at hand;

my governess, who continued my fast friend, had tried to obtain a pardon, but it could not be done unless

with an expense too heavy for my purse, considering that to be left naked and empty, unless I had resolved to

return to my old trade again, had been worse than my transportation, because there I knew I could live, here I

could not. The good minister stood very hard on another account to prevent my being transported also; but he

was answered, that indeed my life had been given me at his first solicitations, and therefore he ought to ask

no more. He was sensibly grieved at my going, because, as he said, he feared I should lose the good

impressions which a prospect of death had at first made on me, and which were since increased by his

instructions; and the pious gentleman was exceedingly concerned about me on that account.

On the other hand, I really was not so solicitous about it as I was before, but I industriously concealed my

reasons for it from the minister, and to the last he did not know but that I went with the utmost reluctance and

It was in the month of February that I was, with seven other convicts, as they called us, delivered to a

merchant that traded to Virginia, on board a ship, riding, as they called it, in Deptford Reach. The officer of

the prison delivered us on board, and the master of the vessel gave a discharge for us.

We were for that night clapped under hatches, and kept so close that I thought I should have been suffocated

for want of air; and the next morning the ship weighed, and fell down the river to a place they call Bugby's

Hole, which was done, as they told us, by the agreement of the merchant, that all opportunity of escape

should be taken from us. However, when the ship came thither and cast anchor, we were allowed more

liberty, and particularly were permitted to come up on the deck, but not up on the quarterdeck, that being

When by the noise of the men over my head, and the motion of the ship, I perceived that they were under sail,

I was at first greatly surprised, fearing we should go away directly, and that our friends would not be admitted

to see us any more; but I was easy soon after, when I found they had come to an anchor again, and soon after

that we had notice given by some of the men where we were, that the next morning we should have the

liberty to come up on deck, and to have our friends come and see us if we had any.

All that night I lay upon the hard boards of the deck, as the passengers did, but we had afterwards the liberty

of little cabins for such of us as had any bedding to lay in them, and room to stow any box or trunk for

clothes and linen, if we had it (which might well be put in), for some of them had neither shirt nor shift or a

rag of linen or woollen, but what was on their backs, or a farthing of money to help themselves; and yet I did

not find but they fared well enough in the ship, especially the women, who got money from the seamen for

washing their clothes, sufficient to purchase any common things that they wanted.

When the next morning we had the liberty to come up on the deck, I asked one of the officers of the ship,

whether I might not have the liberty to send a letter on shore, to let my friends know where the ship lay, and

to get some necessary things sent to me. This was, it seems, the boatswain, a very civil, courteous sort of

man, who told me I should have that, or any other liberty that I desired, that he could allow me with safety. I

told him I desired no other; and he answered that the ship's boat would go up to London the next tide, and he

Accordingly, when the boat went off, the boatswain came to me and told me the boat was going off, and that

he went in it himself, and asked me if my letter was ready he would take care of it. I had prepared myself,

you may be sure, pen, ink, and paper beforehand, and I had gotten a letter ready directed to my governess,

and enclosed another for my fellowprisoner, which, however, I did not let her know was my husband, not to

the last. In that to my governess, I let her know where the ship lay, and pressed her earnestly to send me what

When I gave the boatswain the letter, I gave him a shilling with it, which I told him was for the charge of a

messenger or porter, which I entreated him to send with the letter as soon as he came on shore, that if possible

I might have an answer brought back by the same hand, that I might know what was become of my things;

'for sir,' says I, 'if the ship should go away before I have them on board, I am undone.'

I took care, when I gave him the shilling, to let him see that I had a little better furniture about me than the

ordinary prisoners, for he saw that I had a purse, and in it a pretty deal of money; and I found that the very

sight of it immediately furnished me with very different treatment from what I should otherwise have met

with in the ship; for though he was very courteous indeed before, in a kind of natural compassion to me, as a

woman in distress, yet he was more than ordinarily so afterwards, and procured me to be better treated in the

He very honestly had my letter delivered to my governess's own hands, and brought me back an answer from

her in writing; and when he gave me the answer, gave me the shilling again. 'There,' says he, 'there's your

shilling again too, for I delivered the letter myself.' I could not tell what to say, I was so surprised at the thing;

but after some pause, I said, 'Sir, you are too kind; it had been but reasonable that you had paid yourself

'No, sir,' says I, 'she is no relation to me, but she is a dear friend, and all the friends I have in the world.'

'Well,' says he, 'there are few such friends in the world. Why, she cried after you like a child,' 'Ay,' says I

again, 'she would give a hundred pounds, I believe, to deliver me from this dreadful condition I am in.'

'Would she so?' says he. 'For half the money I believe I could put you in a way how to deliver yourself.' But

'Alas! sir,' said I, 'but then that must be such a deliverance as, if I should be taken again, would cost me my

life.' 'Nay,' said he, 'if you were once out of the ship, you must look to yourself afterwards; that I can say

In the meantime, my governess, faithful to the last moment, conveyed my letter to the prison to my husband,

and got an answer to it, and the next day came down herself to the ship, bringing me, in the first place, a

seabed as they call it, and all its furniture, such as was convenient, but not to let the people think it was

extraordinary. She brought with her a seachestthat is, a chest, such as are made for seamen, with all the

conveniences in it, and filled with everything almost that I could want; and in one of the corners of the chest,

where there was a private drawer, was my bank of moneythis is to say, so much of it as I had resolved to

carry with me; for I ordered a part of my stock to be left behind me, to be sent afterwards in such goods as I

should want when I came to settle; for money in that country is not of much use where all things are brought

But my case was particular; it was by no means proper to me to go thither without money or goods, and for a

poor convict, that was to be sold as soon as I came on shore, to carry with me a cargo of goods would be to

have notice taken of it, and perhaps to have them seized by the public; so I took part of my stock with me

My governess brought me a great many other things, but it was not proper for me to look too well provided in

the ship, at least till I knew what kind of a captain we should have. When she came into the ship, I thought

she would have died indeed; her heart sank at the sight of me, and at the thoughts of parting with me in that

condition, and she cried so intolerably, I could not for a long time have any talk with her.

I took that time to read my fellowprisoner's letter, which, however, greatly perplexed me. He told me was

determined to go, but found it would be impossible for him to be discharged time enough for going in the

same ship, and which was more than all, he began to question whether they would give him leave to go in

what ship he pleased, though he did voluntarily transport himself; but that they would see him put on board

such a ship as they should direct, and that he would be charged upon the captain as other convict prisoners

were; so that he began to be in despair of seeing me till he came to Virginia, which made him almost

desperate; seeing that, on the other hand, if I should not be there, if any accident of the sea or of mortality

This was very perplexing, and I knew not what course to take. I told my governess the story of the boatswain,

and she was mighty eager with me treat with him; but I had no mind to it, till I heard whether my husband, or

fellowprisoner, so she called him, could be at liberty to go with me or no. At last I was forced to let her into

the whole matter, except only that of his being my husband. I told her I had made a positive bargain or

agreement with him to go, if he could get the liberty of going in the same ship, and that I found he had

Then I read a long lecture to her of what I proposed to do when we came there, how we could plant, settle,

and, in short, grow rich without any more adventures; and, as a great secret, I told her that we were to marry

She soon agreed cheerfully to my going when she heard this, and she made it her business from that time to

get him out of the prison in time, so that he might go in the same ship with me, which at last was brought to

pass, though with great difficulty, and not without all the forms of a transported prisonerconvict, which he

really was not yet, for he had not been tried, and which was a great mortification to him. As our fate was now

determined, and we were both on board, actually bound to Virginia, in the despicable quality of transported

convicts destined to be sold for slaves, I for five years, and he under bonds and security not to return to

England any more, as long as he lived, he was very much dejected and cast down; the mortification of being

brought on board, as he was, like a prisoner, piqued him very much, since it was first told him he should

transport himself, and so that he might go as a gentleman at liberty. It is true he was not ordered to be sold

when he came there, as we were, and for that reason he was obliged to pay for his passage to the captain,

which we were not; as to the rest, he was as much at a loss as a child what to do with himself, or with what he

Our first business was to compare our stock. He was very honest to me, and told me his stock was pretty good

when he came into the prison, but the living there as he did in a figure like a gentleman, and, which was ten

times as much, the making of friends, and soliciting his case, had been very expensive; and, in a word, all his

I gave him an account of my stock as faithfully, that is to say, of what I had taken to carry with me, for I was

resolved, whatever should happen, to keep what I had left with my governess in reserve; that in case I should

die, what I had with me was enough to give him, and that which was left in my governess's hands would be

My stock which I had with me was #246 some odd shillings; so that we had #354 between us, but a worse

Our greatest misfortune as to our stock was that it was all in money, which every one knows is an

unprofitable cargo to be carried to the plantations. I believe his was really all he had left in the world, as he

told me it was; but I, who had between #700 and #800 in bank when this disaster befell me, and who had one

of the faithfullest friends in the world to manage it for me, considering she was a woman of manner of

religious principles, had still #300 left in her hand, which I reserved as above; besides, some very valuable

things, as particularly two gold watches, some small pieces of plate, and some ringsall stolen goods. The

plate, rings, and watches were put in my chest with the money, and with this fortune, and in the sixtyfirst

year of my age, I launched out into a new world, as I may call it, in the condition (as to what appeared) only

of a poor, naked convict, ordered to be transported in respite from the gallows. My clothes were poor and

mean, but not ragged or dirty, and none knew in the whole ship that I had anything of value about me.

However, as I had a great many very good clothes and linen in abundance, which I had ordered to be packed

up in two great boxes, I had them shipped on board, not as my goods, but as consigned to my real name in

Virginia; and had the bills of loading signed by a captain in my pocket; and in these boxes was my plate and

watches, and everything of value except my money, which I kept by itself in a private drawer in my chest,

which could not be found, or opened, if found, with splitting the chest to pieces.

In this condition I lay for three weeks in the ship, not knowing whether I should have my husband with me or

no, and therefore not resolving how or in what manner to receive the honest boatswain's proposal, which

At the end of this time, behold my husband came on board. He looked with a dejected, angry countenance,

his great heart was swelled with rage and disdain; to be dragged along with three keepers of Newgate, and put

on board like a convict, when he had not so much as been brought to a trial. He made loud complaints of it by

his friends, for it seems he had some interest; but his friends got some check in their application, and were

told he had had favour enough, and that they had received such an account of him, since the last grant of his

transportation, that he ought to think himself very well treated that he was not prosecuted anew. This answer

quieted him at once, for he knew too much what might have happened, and what he had room to expect; and

now he saw the goodness of the advice to him, which prevailed with him to accept of the offer of a voluntary

transportation. And after this his chagrin at these hellhounds, as he called them, was a little over, he looked

a little composed, began to be cheerful, and as I was telling him how glad I was to have him once more out of

their hands, he took me in his arms, and acknowledged with great tenderness that I had given him the best

advice possible. 'My dear,' says he, 'thou has twice saved my life; from henceforward it shall be all employed

The ship began now to fill; several passengers came on board, who were embarked on no criminal account,

and these had accommodations assigned them in the great cabin, and other parts of the ship, whereas we, as

convicts, were thrust down below, I know not where. But when my husband came on board, I spoke to the

boatswain, who had so early given me hints of his friendship in carrying my letter. I told him he had

befriended me in many things, and I had not made any suitable return to him, and with that I put a guinea into

his hand. I told him that my husband was now come on board; that though we were both under the present

misfortune, yet we had been persons of a different character from the wretched crew that we came with, and

desired to know of him, whether the captain might not be moved to admit us to some conveniences in the

ship, for which we would make him what satisfaction he pleased, and that we would gratify him for his pains

in procuring this for us. He took the guinea, as I could see, with great satisfaction, and assured me of his

Then he told us he did not doubt but that the captain, who was one of the besthumoured gentlemen in the

world, would be easily brought to accommodate us as well as we could desire, and, to make me easy, told me

he would go up the next tide on purpose to speak to the captain about it. The next morning, happening to

sleep a little longer than ordinary, when I got up, and began to look abroad, I saw the boatswain among the

men in his ordinary business. I was a little melancholy at seeing him there, and going forward to speak to

him, he saw me, and came towards me, but not giving him time to speak first, I said, smiling, 'I doubt, sir,

you have forgot us, for I see you are very busy.' He returned presently, 'Come along with me, and you shall

see.' So he took me into the great cabin, and there sat a good sort of a gentlemanly man for a seaman, writing,

'Here,' says the boatswain to him that was awriting, 'is the gentlewoman that the captain spoke to you of';

and turning to me, he said, 'I have been so far from forgetting your business, that I have been up at the

captain's house, and have represented faithfully to the captain what you said, relating to you being furnished

with better conveniences for yourself and your husband; and the captain has sent this gentleman, who is made

of the ship, down with me, on purpose to show you everything, and to accommodate you fully to your

content, and bid me assure you that you shall not be treated like what you were at first expected to be, but

The mate then spoke to me, and, not giving me time to thank the boatswain for his kindness, confirmed what

the boatswain had said, and added that it was the captain's delight to show himself kind and charitable,

especially to those that were under any misfortunes, and with that he showed me several cabins built up,

some in the great cabin, and some partitioned off, out of the steerage, but opening into the great cabin on

purpose for the accommodation of passengers, and gave me leave to choose where I would. However, I chose

a cabin which opened into the steerage, in which was very good conveniences to set our chest and boxes, and

The mate then told me that the boatswain had given so good a character of me and my husband, as to our civil

behaviour, that he had orders to tell me we should eat with him, if we thought fit, during the whole voyage,

on the common terms of passengers; that we might lay in some fresh provisions, if we pleased; or if not, he

should lay in his usual store, and we should have share with him. This was very reviving news to me, after so

many hardships and afflictions as I had gone through of late. I thanked him, and told him the captain should

make his own terms with us, and asked him leave to go and tell my husband of it, who was not very well, and

was not yet out of his cabin. Accordingly I went, and my husband, whose spirits were still so much sunk with

the indignity (as he understood it) offered him, that he was scare yet himself, was so revived with the account

that I gave him of the reception we were like to have in the ship, that he was quite another man, and new

vigour and courage appeared in his very countenance. So true is it, that the greatest of spirits, when

overwhelmed by their afflictions, are subject to the greatest dejections, and are the most apt to despair and

After some little pause to recover himself, my husband came up with me, and gave the mate thanks for the

kindness, which he had expressed to us, and sent suitable acknowledgment by him to the captain, offering to

pay him by advance, whatever he demanded for our passage, and for the conveniences he had helped us to.

The mate told him that the captain would be on board in the afternoon, and that he would leave all that till he

came. Accordingly, in the afternoon the captain came, and we found him the same courteous, obliging man

that the boatswain had represented him to be; and he was so well pleased with my husband's conversation,

that, in short, he would not let us keep the cabin we had chosen, but gave us one that, as I said before, opened

Nor were his conditions exorbitant, or the man craving and eager to make a prey of us, but for fifteen guineas

we had our whole passage and provisions and cabin, ate at the captain's table, and were very handsomely

The captain lay himself in the other part of the great cabin, having let his round house, as they call it, to a rich

planter who went over with his wife and three children, who ate by themselves. He had some other ordinary

passengers, who quartered in the steerage, and as for our old fraternity, they were kept under the hatches

I could not refrain acquainting my governess with what had happened; it was but just that she, who was so

really concerned for me, should have part in my good fortune. Besides, I wanted her assistance to supply me

with several necessaries, which before I was shy of letting anybody see me have, that it might not be public;

but now I had a cabin and room to set things in, I ordered abundance of good things for our comfort in the

voyage, as brandy, sugar, lemons, etc., to make punch, and treat our benefactor, the captain; and abundance

of things for eating and drinking in the voyage; also a larger bed, and bedding proportioned to it; so that, in a

All this while I had provided nothing for our assistance when we should come to the place and begin to call

ourselves planters; and I was far from being ignorant of what was needful on that occasion; particularly all

sorts of tools for the planter's work, and for building; and all kinds of furniture for our dwelling, which, if to

So I discoursed that point with my governess, and she went and waited upon the captain, and told him that

she hoped ways might be found out for her two unfortunate cousins, as she called us, to obtain our freedom

when we came into the country, and so entered into a discourse with him about the means and terms also, of

which I shall say more in its place; and after thus sounding the captain, she let him know, though we were

unhappy in the circumstances that occasioned our going, yet that we were not unfurnished to set ourselves to

work in the country, and we resolved to settle and live there as planters, if we might be put in a way how to

do it. The captain readily offered his assistance, told her the method of entering upon such business, and how

easy, nay, how certain it was for industrious people to recover their fortunes in such a manner. 'Madam,' says

he, ''tis no reproach to any many in that country to have been sent over in worse circumstances than I perceive

your cousins are in, provided they do but apply with diligence and good judgment to the business of that

She then inquired of him what things it was necessary we should carry over with us, and he, like a very

honest as well as knowing man, told her thus: 'Madam, your cousins in the first place must procure somebody

to buy them as servants, in conformity to the conditions of their transportation, and then, in the name of that

person, they may go about what they will; they may either purchase some plantations already begun, or they

may purchase land of the Government of the country, and begin where they please, and both will be done

reasonably.' She bespoke his favour in the first article, which he promised to her to take upon himself, and

indeed faithfully performed it, and as to the rest, he promised to recommend us to such as should give us the

She then asked him if it would not be necessary to furnish us with a stock of tools and materials for the

business of planting, and he said, 'Yes, by all means.' And then she begged his assistance in it. She told him

she would furnish us with everything that was convenient whatever it cost her. He accordingly gave her a

long particular of things necessary for a planter, which, by his account, came to about fourscore or a hundred

pounds. And, in short, she went about as dexterously to buy them, as if she had been an old Virginia

merchant; only that she bought, by my direction, above twice as much of everything as he had given her a list

These she put on board in her own name, took his bills of loading for them, and endorsed those bills of

loading to my husband, insuring the cargo afterwards in her own name, by our order; so that we were

I should have told you that my husband gave her all his whole stock of #108, which, as I have said, he had

about him in gold, to lay out thus, and I gave her a good sum besides; sot that I did not break into the stock

which I had left in her hands at all, but after we had sorted out our whole cargo, we had yet near #200 in

In this condition, very cheerful, and indeed joyful at being so happily accommodated as we were, we set sail

from Bugby's Hole to Gravesend, where the ship lay about ten more days, and where the captain came on

board for good and all. Here thecaptain offered us a civility, which indeed we had no reason to expect,

namely, to let us go on shore and refresh ourselves, upon giving our words in a solemn manner that we would

not go from him, and that we would return peaceably on board again. This was such an evidence of his

confidence in us, that it overcame my husband, who, in a mere principle of gratitude, told him, as he could

not be in any capacity to make a suitable return for such a favour, so he could not think of accepting of it, nor

could he be easy that the captain should run such a risk. After some mutual civilities, I gave my husband a

purse, in which was eighty guineas, and he put in into the captain's hand. 'There, captain,' says he, 'there's part

of a pledge for our fidelity; if we deal dishonestly with you on any account, 'tis your own.' And on this we

Indeed, the captain had assurance enough of our resolutions to go, for that having made such provision to

settle there, it did not seem rational that we would choose to remain here at the expense and peril of life, for

such it must have been if we had been taken again. In a word, we went all on shore with the captain, and

supped together in Gravesend, where we were very merry, stayed all night, lay at the house where we supped,

and came all very honestly on board again with him in the morning. Here we bought ten dozen bottles of

good beer, some wine, some fowls, and such things as we thought might be acceptable on board.

My governess was with us all this while, and went with us round into the Downs, as did also the captain's

wife, with whom she went back. I was never so sorrowful at parting with my own mother as I was at parting

with her, and I never saw her more. We had a fair easterly wind sprung up the third day after we came to the

Downs, and we sailed from thence the 10th of April. Nor did we touch any more at any place, till, being

driven on the coast of Ireland by a very hard gale of wind, the ship came to an anchor in a little bay, near the

mouth of a river, whose name I remember not, but they said the river came down from Limerick, and that it

Here, being detained by bad weather for some time, the captain, who continued the same kind,

goodhumoured man as at first, took us two on shore with him again. He id it now in kindness to my husband

indeed, who bore the sea very ill, and was very sick, especially when it blew so hard. Here we bought in

again a store of fresh provisions, especially beef, pork, mutton, and fowls, and the captain stayed to pickle up

five or six barrels of beef to lengthen out the ship's store. We were here not above five days, when the

weather turning mild, and a fair wind, we set sail again, and in twoandforty days came safe to the coast of

When we drew near to the shore, the captain called me to him, and told me that he found by my discourse I

had some relations in the place, and that I had been there before, and so he supposed I understood the custom

in their disposing the convict prisoners when they arrived. I told him I did not, and that as to what relations I

had in the place, he might be sure I would make myself known to none of them while I was in the

circumstances of a prisoner, and that as to the rest, we left ourselves entirely to him to assist us, as he was

pleased to promise us he would do. He told me I must get somebody in the place to come and buy us as

servants, and who must answer for us to the governor of the country, if he demanded us. I told him we should

do as she should direct; so he brought a planter to treat with him, as it were, for the purchase of these two

servants, my husband and me, and there we were formally sold to him, and went ashore with him. The

captain went with us, and carried us to a certain house, whether it was to be called a tavern or not I know not,

but we had a bowl of punch there made of rum, etc., and were very merry. After some time the planter gave

us a certificate of discharge, and an acknowledgment of having served him faithfully, and we were free from

For this piece of service the captain demanded of us six thousand weight of tabacco, which he said he was

accountable for to his freighter, and which we immediately bought for him, and made him a present of twenty

It is not proper to enter here into the particulars of what part of the colony of Virginia we settled in, for divers

reasons; it may suffice to mention that we went into the great river Potomac, the ship being bound thither;

and there we intended to have settled first, though afterwards we altered our minds.

The first thing I did of moment after having gotten all our goods on shore, and placed them in a storehouse, or

warehouse, which, with a lodging, we hired at the small place or village where we landedI say, the first

thing was to inquire after my mother, and after my brother (that fatal person whom I married as a husband, as

I have related at large). A little inquiry furnished me with information that Mrs., that is, my mother, was

dead; that my brother (or husband) was alive, which I confess I was not very glad to hear; but which was

worse, I found he was removed from the plantation where he lived formerly, and where I lived with him, and

lived with one of his sons in a plantation just by the place where we landed, and where we had hired a

I was a little surprised at first, but as I ventured to satisfy myself that he could not know me, I was not only

perfectly easy, but had a great mind to see him, if it was possible to so do without his seeing me. In order to

that I found out by inquiry the plantation where he lived, and with a woman of that place whom I got to help

me, like what we call a chairwoman, I rambled about towards the place as if I had only a mind to see the

country and look about me. At last I came so near that I saw the dwellinghouse. I asked the woman whose

plantation that was; she said it belonged to such a man, and looking out a little to our right hands, 'there,' says

she, is the gentleman that owns the plantation, and his father with him.' 'What are their Christian names?' said

I. 'I know not,' says she, 'what the old gentleman's name is, but the son's name is Humphrey; and I believe,'

says she, 'the father's is so too.' You may guess, if you can, what a confused mixture of joy and fight

possessed my thoughts upon this occasion, for I immediately knew that this was nobody else but my own son,

by that father she showed me, who was my own brother. I had no mask, but I ruffled my hood so about my

face, that I depended upon it that after above twenty years' absence, and withal not expecting anything of me

in that part of the world, he would not be able to know anything of me. But I need not have used all that

caution, for the old gentleman was grown dimsighted by some distemper which had fallen upon his eyes,

and could but just see well enough to walk about, and not run against a tree or into a ditch. The woman that

was with me had told me that by a mere accident, knowing nothing of what importance it was to me. As they

drew near to us, I said, 'Does he know you, Mrs. Owen?' (so they called the woman). 'Yes,' said she, 'if he

hears me speak, he will know me; but he can't see well enough to know me or anybody else'; and so she told

me the story of his sight, as I have related. This made me secure, and so I threw open my hoods again, and let

them pass by me. It was a wretched thing for a mother thus to see her own son, a handsome, comely young

gentleman in flourishing circumstances, and durst not make herself known to him, and durst not take any

notice of him. Let any mother of children that reads this consider it, and but think with what anguish of mind

I restrained myself; what yearnings of soul I had in me to embrace him, and weep over him; and how I

thought all my entrails turned within me, that my very bowels moved, and I knew not what to do, as I now

know not how to express those agonies! When he went from me I stood gazing and trembling, and looking

after him as long as I could see him; then sitting down to rest me, but turned from her, and lying on my face,

I could not conceal my disorder so much from the woman but that she perceived it, and thought I was not

well, which I was obliged to pretend was true; upon which she pressed me to rise, the ground being damp and

As I was going back again, and still talking of this gentleman and his son, a new occasion of melancholy

offered itself thus. The woman began, as if she would tell me a story to divert me: 'There goes,' says she, 'a

very odd tale among the neighbours where this gentleman formerly live.' 'What was that?' said I. 'Why,' says

she, 'that old gentleman going to England, when he was a young man, fell in love with a young lady there,

one of the finest women that ever was seen, and married her, and brought her over hither to his mother who

was then living. He liver here several years with her,' continued she, 'and had several children by her, of

which the young gentleman that was with him now was one; but after some time, the old gentlewoman, his

mother, talking to her of something relating to herself when she was in England, and of her circumstances in

England, which were bad enough, the daughterinlaw began to be very much surprised and uneasy; and, in

short, examining further into things, it appeared past all contradiction that the old gentlewoman was her own

mother, and that consequently that son was his wife's own brother, which struck the whole family with

horror, and put them into such confusion that it had almost ruined them all. The young woman would not live

with him; the son, her brother and husband, for a time went distracted; and at last the young woman went

It is easy to believe that I was strangely affected with this story, but 'tis impossible to describe the nature of

my disturbance. I seemed astonished at the story, and asked her a thousand questions about the particulars,

which I found she was thoroughly acquainted with. At last I began to inquire into the circumstances of the

family, how the old gentlewoman, I mean my mother, died, and how she left what she had; for my mother

had promised me very solemnly, that when she died she would do something for me, and leave it so, as that,

if I was living, I should one way or other come at it, without its being in the power of her son, my brother and

husband, to prevent it. She told me she did not know exactly how it was ordered, but she had been told that

my mother had left a sum of money, and had tied her plantation for the payment of it, to be made good to the

daughter, if ever she could be heard of, either in England or elsewhere; and that the trust was left with this

This was news too good for me to make light of, and, you may be sure, filled my heart with a thousand

thoughts, what courseI should take, how, and when, and in what manner I should make myself known, or

Here was a perplexity that I had not indeed skill to manage myself in, neither knew I what course to take. It

lay heavy upon my mind night and day. I could neither sleep nor converse, sothat my husband perceived it,

and wondered what ailed me, strove to divert me, but it was all to no purpose. He pressed me to tell him what

it was troubled me, but I put it off, till at last, importuning me continually, I was forced to form a story, which

yet had a plain truth to lay it upon too. It old him I was troubled because I found we must shift our quarters

and alter our scheme of settling, for that I found I should be known if I stayed in that part of the country; for

that my mother being dead, several of my relations were come into that part where we then was, and that I

must either discover myself to them, which in our present circumstances was not proper on many accounts, or

remove; and which to do I knew not, and that this it was that made me so melancholy and so thoughtful.

He joined with me in this, that it was by no means proper for me to make myself known to anybody in the

circumstances inwhich we then were; and therefore he told me he would be willing to remove to any other

part of the country, or even to any other country if I thought fit. But now I had another difficulty,which was,

that if I removed to any other colony, I put myself out of the way of ever making a due search after those

effects which my mother had left. Again I could never so much as think of breaking the secret of my former

marriage to my new husband; it was not a story, as I thought, that would bear telling, nor could I tell what

might be the consequences of it; and it was impossible to search into the bottom of the thing without making

In this perplexity I continued a great while, and this made my spouse very uneasy; for he found me perplexed,

and yet thought I was not open with him, and did not let him into every part of my grievance; and he would

often say, he wondered what he had done that I would not trust him with whatever it was, especially if it was

grievous and afflicting. The truth is, he ought to have been trusted with everything, for no man in the world

could deserve better of a wife; but this was a thing I knew not how to open to him, and yet having nobody to

disclose any part of it to,the burthen was too heavy for my mind; for let them say whatthey please of our sex

not being able to keep a secret, my life is a plain conviction to me of the contrary; but be it our sex, or the

man's sex, a secret of moment should always have a confidant,a bosom friend, to whom we may

communicate the joy of it, or the grief of it, be it which it will, or it will be a double weight upon the spirits,

and perhaps become even insupportable in itself; and this I appeal to all human testimony for the truth of.

And this is the cause why many times men as well as women, and men of the greatest and best qualities other

ways, yet have found themselves weak in this part, and have not been able to bear the weight of a secret joy

or of a secret sorrow, but have been obliged to disclose it, even for the mere giving vent to themselves, and to

unbend the mind oppressed with the load andweights which attended it. Nor was this any token of folly

orthoughtlessness at all, but a natural consequence of the thing; and such people, had they struggled longer

with the oppression, would certainly have told it in their sleep, and disclosed the secret, let it have been of

what fatal nature soever, without regard to the person to whom it might be exposed. This necessity of nature

is a thing which works sometimes with such vehemence in the minds of those who are guilty of any atrocious

villainy, such as secret murder in particular, that they have been obliged to discover it, though the

consequence would necessarily be their own destruction. Now, thought it may be true that the divine justice

ought to have the glory of all those discoveries and confessions, yet 'tis as certain that Providence, which

ordinarily works by the hands of nature, makes use here of the same naturalcauses to produce those

I could give several remarkable instances of this in my long conversation with crime and with criminals. I

knew one fellow that, while I was in prison in Newgate, was one of those they called then nightfliers. I

know not what other word they may have understood it by since, but he was one who by connivance was

admitted to go abroad every evening, when he played his pranks, and furnished those honest people they call

thiefcatchers with business to find out the next day, and restore for a reward what they had stolen the

evening before. This fellow was as sure to tell in his sleep all that he had done, and every step he had taken,

what he had stolen, and where, as sure as if he had engaged to tell it waking, and that there was no harm or

danger in it, and therefore he was obliged, after he had been out, to lock himself up, or be locked up by some

of the keepers that had him in fee, that nobody should hear him; but, on the other hand, if he had told all the

particulars, and given a full account of his rambles and success, to any comrade, any brother thief, or to his

employers, as I may justly call them, then all was well with him, and he slept as quietly as other people.

As the publishing this account of my life is for the sake of the just moral of very part of it, and for instruction,

caution, warning, and improvement to every reader, so this will not pass, I hope, for an unnecessary

digression concerning some people being obliged to disclose the greatest secrets either of their own or other

Under the certain oppression of this weight upon my mind, I laboured in the case I have been naming; and the

only relief I found for it was to let my husband into so much of it as I thought would convince him of the

necessity there was for us to think of settling in some other part of the world; and the next consideration

before us was, which part of the English settlements we should go to. My husband was a perfect stranger to

the country, and had not yet so much as a geographical knowledge of the situation of the several places; and

I, that, till I wrote this, did not know what the word geographical signified, had only a general knowledge

from long conversation with people that came from or went to several places; but this I knew, that Maryland,

Pennsylvania, East and West Jersey, New York, and New England lay all north of Virginia, and that they

were consequently all colder climates, to which for that very reason, I had an aversion. For that as I naturally

loved warm weather, so now I grew into years I had a stronger inclination to shun a cold climate. I therefore

considered of going to Caroline, which is the only southern colony of the English on the continent of

America, and hither I proposed to go; and the rather because I might with great ease come from thence at any

time, when it might be proper to inquire after my mother's effects, and to make myself known enough to

With this resolution I proposed to my husband our going away from where we was, and carrying all our

effects with us to Caroline, where we resolved to settle; for my husband readily agreed to the first part, viz.

that was not at all proper to stay where we was, since I had assured him we should be known there, and the

But now I found a new difficulty upon me. The main affair grew heavy upon my mind still, and I could not

think of going out of the country without somehow or other making inquiry into the grand affair of what my

mother had one for me; nor could I with any patience bear the thought of going away, and not make myself

known to my old husband (brother), or to my child, his son; only I would fain have had this done without my

new husband having any knowledge of it, or they having any knowledge of him, or that I had such a thing as

I cast about innumerable ways in my thoughts how this might be done. I would gladly have sent my husband

away to Caroline with all our goods, and have come after myself, but this was impracticable; he would never

stir without me, being himself perfectly unacquainted with the country, and with the methods of settling there

or anywhere else. Then I thought wewould both go first with part of our goods, and that when we were settled

I should come back to Virginia and fetch the remainder; but even then I knew he would never part with me,

and be left there to go on alone. The case was plain; he was bread a gentleman, and by consequence was not

only unacquainted, but indolent, and when we did settle, would much rather go out into the woods with his

gun, which they call there hunting, and which is the ordinary work of the Indians, and which they do as

servants; I say, he would rather do that than attend the natural business of his plantation.

These were therefore difficulties insurmountable, and such as I knew not what to do in. I had such strong

impressions on mymind about discovering myself to my brother, formerly my husband, that I could not

withstand them; and the rather, because it ran constantly in my thoughts, that if I did not do it while he lived,

I might in vain endeavour to convince my son afterward that I was really the same person, and that I was his

mother, and so might both lose the assistance and comfort of the relation, and the benefit of whatever it was

my mother had leftme; and yet, on the other hand, I could never think it proper to discover myself to them in

the circumstances I was in, as well relating to the having a husband with me as to my being brought over by a

legal transportation as a criminal; on both which accounts it was absolutely necessary to me to remove from

the place where I was, and come again to him, as from another place and in another figure.

Upon those considerations, I went on with telling my husband the absolute necessity there was of our not

settling in Potomac River, at least that we should be presently made public there; whereas if we went to any

other place in the world, we should come in with as much reputation as any family that came to plant; that, as

it was always agreeable to the inhabitants to have families come among them to plant, who brought substance

with them, either to purchase plantations or begin new ones, so we should be sure of a kind, agreeable

reception, and that without any possibility of a discovery of our circumstances.

I told him in general, too, that as I had several relations in the place where we was, and that I durst not now

let myself be known to them, because they would soon come into a knowledge of the occasion and reason of

my coming over, which would be to expose myself to the last degree, so I had reason to believe that my

mother, who dies here, had left me something, and perhaps considerable, which it might be very well worth

my while to inquire after; but that this too could not be done without exposing us publicly, unless we went

from hence; and then, wherever we settled, I might come, as it were, to visit and to see my brother and

nephews, make myself known to them, claim and inquire after what was my due, be received with respect,

and at the same time have justice done me with cheerfulness and good will; whereas, if I did it now, I could

expect nothing but with trouble, such as exacting it by force, receiving it with curses and reluctance, and with

all kinds of affronts, which he would not perhaps bear to see; that in case of being obliged to legal proofs of

being really her daughter, I might be at loss, be obliged to have recourse to England, and it may be to fail at

last, and so lose it, whatever it might be. With these arguments, and having thus acquainted my husband with

the whole secret so far as was needful of him, we resolved to go and seek a settlement in some other colony,

In order to this we began to make inquiry for vessels going to Carolina, and in a very little while got

information, that on the other side the bay, as they call it, namely, in Maryland, there was a ship which came

from Carolina, laden with rice and other goods, and was going back again thither, and from thence to

Jamaica, with provisions. On this news we hired a sloop to take in our goods, and taking, as it were, a final

This was a long and unpleasant voyage, and my spouse said it was worse to him than all the voyage from

England, because the weather was but indifferent, the water rough, and the vessel small and inconvenient. In

the next place, we were full a hundred miles up Potomac River, in a part which they call Westmoreland

County, and as that river is by far the greatest in Virginia, and I have heard say it is the greatest river in the

world that falls into another river, and not directly into the sea, so we had base weather in it, and were

frequently in great danger; for though we were in the middle, we could not see land on either side for many

leagues together. Then we had the great river or bay of Chesapeake to cross, which is where the river

Potomac falls intoit, near thirty miles broad, and we entered more great vast waters whose names I know not,

so that our voyage was full two hundred miles, in a poor, sorry sloop, with all our treasure, and if any

accident had happened to us, we might at last have been very miserable; supposing we had lost our goods and

saved our lives only, and had then been left naked and destitute, and in a wild, strange place not having one

friend or acquaintance in all that part of the world. The very thought of it gives me some horror, even since

Well, we came to the place in five days' sailing; I think they call it Philip's Point; and behold, when we came

thither, the ship bound to Carolina was loaded and gone away but three days before. This was a

disappointment;; but, however, I, that was to be discouraged with nothing, told my husband that since we

could not get passage to Caroline, and that the country we was in was very fertile and good, we would, if he

liked of it, see if we could find out anything for our tune where we was, and that if he liked things we would

We immediately went on shore, but found no conveniences just at that place, either for our being on shore or

preserving our goods on shore, but was directed by a very honest Quaker, whom we found there, to go to a

place about sixty miles east; that is to say, nearer the mouth of the bay, where he said he lived, and where we

should be accommodated, either to plant, or to wait for any other place to plant in that might be more

convenient; and he invited us with so much kindness and simply honesty, that we agreed to go, and the

Here we bought us two servants, viz. an English womanservant just come on shore from a ship of

Liverpool, and a Negro manservant, things absolutely necessary for all people that pretended to settle in that

country. This honest Quaker was very helpful to us, and when we came to the place that he proposed to us,

found us out a convenient storehouse for our goods, and lodging for ourselves and our servants; and about

two months or thereabouts afterwards, by his direction, we took up a large piece of land from the governor of

that country, in order to form our plantation, and so we laid the thoughts of going to Caroline wholly aside,

having been very well received here, and accommodated with a convenient lodging till we could prepare

things, and have land enough cleared, and timber and materials provided for building us a house, all which

we managed by the direction of the Quaker; so that in one year's time we had nearly fifty acres of land

cleared, part of it enclosed, and some of it planted with tabacco, though not much; besides, we had garden

ground and corn sufficient to help supply our servants with roots and herbs and bread.

And now I persuaded my husband to let me go over the bay again, and inquire after my friends. He was the

willinger to consent to it now, because he had business upon his hands sufficient to employ him, besides his

gun to divert him, which they call hunting there, and which he greatly delighted in; and indeed we used to

look at one another, sometimes with a great deal of pleasure, reflecting how much better that was, not than

Newgate only, but than the most prosperous of our circumstances in the wicked trade that we had been both

Our affair was in a very good posture; we purchased of the proprietors of the colony as much land for #35,

paid in ready money, as would make a sufficient plantation to employ between fifty and sixty servants, and

which, being well improved, would be sufficient to us as long as we could either of us live; and as for

But out good fortune did not end here. I went, as I have said, over the bay, to the place where my brother,

once a husband, lived; but I did not go to the same village where I was before, but went up another great

river, on the east side of the river Potomac, called Rappahannock River, and by this means came on the back

of his plantation, which was large, and by the help of a navigable creek, or little river, that ran into the

I was now fully resolved to go up pointblank to my brother (husband), and to tell him who I was; but not

knowing what temper I might find him in, or how much out of temper rather, I might make him by such a

rash visit, I resolved to write a letter to him first, to let him know who I was, and that I was come not to give

him any trouble upon the old relation, which I hoped was entirely forgot, but that I applied to him as a sister

to a brother, desiring his assistance in the case of that provision which our mother, at her decease, had left for

my support, and which I did not doubt but he would do me justice in, especially considering that I was come

I said some very tender, kind things in the letter about his son, which I told him he knew to be my own child,

and that as I was guilty of nothing in marrying him, any more than he was in marrying me, neither of us

having then known our being at all related to one another, so I hoped he would allow me the most passionate

desire of once seeing my one and only child, and of showing something of the infirmities of a mother in

preserving a violent affect for him, who had never been able to retain any thought of me one way or other.

I did believe that, having received this letter, he would immediately give it to his son to read, I having

understood his eyesbeing so dim, that he could not see to read it; but it fell out better than so, for as his sight

was dim, so he had allowed his son to open all letters that came to his hand for him, and the old gentleman

being from home, or out of the way when my messenger came, my letter came directly to my son's hand, and

He called the messenger in, after some little stay, and asked him where the person was who gave him the

letter. The messengertold him the place, which was about seven miles off, so he bid him stay, and ordering a

horse to be got ready, and two servants, away he came to me with the messenger. Let any one judge the

consternation I was in when my messenger came back, and told me the old gentleman was not at home, but

his son was come along with him, and was just coming up to me. I was perfectly confounded, for I knew not

whether it was peace or war, nor could I tell how to behave; however, I had but a very few moments to think,

for my son was at the heels of the messenger, and coming up into my lodgings, asked the fellow at the door

something. I suppose it was, for I did not hear it so as to understand it, which was the gentlewoman that sent

him; for the messenger said, 'There she is, sir'; at which he comes directly up to me, kisses me, took me in his

arms, and embraced me with so much passion that he could not speak, but I could feel his breast heave and

I can neither express nor describe the joy that touched my very soul when I found, for it was easy to discover

that part, that he came not as a stranger, but as a son to a mother, and indeed as a son who had never before

known what a mother of his own was; in short, we cried over one another a considerable while, when at last

he broke out first. 'My dear mother,' says he, 'are you still alive? I never expected to have seen your face.' As

After we had both recovered ourselves a little, and were able to talk, he told me how things stood. As to what

I had written to his father, he told me he had not showed my letter to his father, or told him anything about it;

that what his grandmother left me was in his hands, and that he would do me justice to my full satisfaction;

that as to his father, he was old and infirm both in body and mind; that he was very fretful and passionate,

almost blind, and capable of nothing; and he questioned whether he would know how to act in an affair which

was of so nice a nature as this; and that therefore he had come himself, as well to satisfy himself in seeing

me, which he could not restrain himself from, as also to put it into my power to make a judgment, after I had

This was really so prudently and wisely managed, that I found my son was a man of sense, and needed no

direction from me. I told him I did not wonder that his father was as he had described him, for that his head

was a little touched before I went away; and principally his disturbance was because I could not be persuaded

to conceal our relation and to live with him as myhusband, after I knew that he was my brother; that as he

knew better than I what his father's present condition was, I should readily join with him in such measure as

he would direct; that I was indifferent as to seeing his father, since I had seen him first, and he could not have

told me better news than to tell me that what his grandmother had left me was entrusted in his hands, who, I

doubted not, now he knew who I was, would, as he said, do me justice. I inquired then how long my mother

had been dead, and where she died, and told so many particulars of the family, that I left him no room to

My son then inquired where I was, and how I had disposed myself. I told him I was on the Maryland side of

the bay, at the plantation of a particular friend who came from England in the same ship with me; that as for

that side of the bay where he was, I had no habitation. He told me I should go home with him, and live with

him, if I pleased, as long as I lived; that as to his father, he knew nobody, and would never so much as guess

at me. I considered of that a little, and told him, that though it was really no concern to me to live at a

distance from him, yet I could not say it would be the most comfortable thing in the world to me to live in the

house with him, and to have that unhappy object always before me, which had been such a blow to my peace

before; that though I should be glad to have his company (my son), or to be as near him as possible while I

stayed, yet I could not think of being in the house where I should be also under constant restraint for fear of

betraying myself in my discourse, nor should I be able to refrain some expressions in my conversing with

him as my son, that might discover the whole affair, which would by no means be convenient.

He acknowledged that I was right in all this. 'But then, dear mother,' says he, 'you shall be as near me as you

can.' So he took me with him on horseback to a plantation next to his own, and where I was as well

entertained as I could have been in his own. Having left me there he went away home, telling me we would

talk of the main business the next day; and having first called me his aunt, and given a charge to the people,

who it seems were his tenants, to treat me with all possible respect. About two hours after he was gone, he

sent me a maidservant and a Negro boy to wait on me, and provisions ready dressed for my supper; and thus

I was as if I had been in a new world, and began secretly now to wish that I had not brought my Lancashire

However, that wish was not hearty neither, for I lived my Lancashire husband entirely, as indeed I had ever

done from the beginning; and he merited from me as much as it was possible for a man to do; but that by the

The next morning my son came to visit me again almost as soon as I was up. After a little discourse, he first

of all pulled out a deerskin bag, and gave it me, with fiveandfifty Spanish pistoles in it, and told me that

was to supply my expenses from England, for though it was not his business to inquire, yet he ought to think

I did not bring a great deal of money out with me, it not being usual to bring much money into that country.

Then he pulled out his grandmother's will, and read it over to me, whereby it appeared that she had left a

small plantation, as he called it, on York River, that is, where my mother lived, to me, with the stock of

servants and cattle upon it, and given it in trust to this son of mine for my use, whenever he should hear of

my being alive, and to my heirs, if I had any children, and in default of heirs, to whomsoever I should by will

dispose of it; but gave the income of it, till I should be heard of, or found, to my said son; and if I should not

This plantation, though remote from him, he said he did not let out, but managed it by a headclerk

(steward), as he did another that was his father's, that lay hard by it, and went over himself three or four times

a year to look after it. I asked him what he thought the plantation might be worth. He said, if I would let it

out, he would give me about 60 a year for it; but if I would live on it, then it would be worth much more, and,

he believed, would bring me in about #150 a year. But seeing I was likely either to settle on the other side of

the bay, or might perhaps have a mind to go back to England again, if I would let him be my steward he

would manage it for me, as he had done for himself, and that he believed he should be able to send me as

much tobacco to England from it as would yield me about #100 a year, sometimes more.

This was all strange news to me, and things I had not been used to; and really my heart began to look up more

seriously than I think it ever did before, and to look with great thankfulness to the hand of Providence, which

had done such wonders for me, who had been myself the greatest wonder of wickedness perhaps that had

been suffered to live in the world. And I must again observe, that not on this occasion only, but even on all

other occasions of thankfulness, my past wicked and abominable life never looked so monstrous to me, and I

never so completely abhorred it, and reproached myself with it, as when I had a sense upon me of Providence

But I leave the reader to improve these thoughts, as no doubt they will see cause, and I go on to the fact. My

son's tender carriage and kind offers fetched tears from me, almost all the while he talked with me. Indeed, I

could scarce discourse with him but in the intervals of my passion; however, at length I began, and

expressing myself with wonder at my being so happy to have the trust of what I had left, put into the hands of

my own child, I told him ,that as to the inheritance of it, I had no child but him in the world, and was now

past having any if I should marry, and therefore would desire him to get a writing drawn, which I was ready

to execute, by which I would, after me, give it wholly to him and to his heirs. And in the meantime, smiling, I

asked him what made him continue a bachelor so long. His answer was kind and ready, that Virginia did not

yield any great plenty of wives, and that since I talked of going back to England, I should send him a wife

This was the substance of our first day's conversation, the pleasantest day that ever passed over my head in

my life, and which gave me the truest satisfaction. He came every day after this, and spent great part of his

time with me, and carried me about to several of his friends' houses, where I was entertained with great

respect. Also I dines several times at his own house, when he took care always to see his halfdead father so

out of the way that I never saw him, or he me. I made him one present, and it was all I had of value, and that

was one of the gold watches, of which I mentioned above, that I had two in my chest, and this I happened to

have with me, and I gave it him at his third visit. I told him I had nothing of any value to bestow but that, and

I desired he would now and then kiss it for my sake. I did not indeed tell him that I had stole it from a

He stood a little while hesitating, as if doubtful whether to take it or no; but I pressed it on him, and made

him accept it, and it was not much less worth than his leather pouch full of Spanish gold; no, though it were

to be reckoned as if at London, whereas it was worth twice as much there, where I gave it him. At length he

took it, kissed it, told me the watch should be a debt upon him that he would be paying as long as I lived.

A few days after he brought the writings of gift, and the scrivener with them, and I signed them very freely,

and delivered them to him with a hundred kisses; for sure nothing ever passed between a mother and a tender,

dutiful child with more affection. The next day he brings me an obligation under his hand and seal, whereby

he engaged himself to manage and improve the plantation for my account, and with his utmost skill, and to

remit the produce to my order wherever I should be; and withal, to be obliged himself to make up the produce

#100 a year to me. When he had done so, he told me that as I came to demand it before the crop was off, I

had a right to produce of the current year, and so he paid me #100 in Spanish pieces of eight, and desired me

to give him a receipt for it as in full for that year, ending at Christmas following; this being about the latter

I stayed here about five weeks, and indeed had much ado to get away then. Nay, he would have come over

the bay with me, but I would by no means allow him to it. However, he would send me over in a sloop of his

own, which was built like a yacht, and served him as well for pleasure as business. This I accepted of, and so,

after the utmost expressions both of duty and affection, he let me come away, and I arrived safe in two days

I brought over with me for the use of our plantation, three horses, with harness and saddles, some hogs, two

cows, and a thousand other things, the gift of the kindest and tenderest child that ever woman had. I related to

my husband all the particulars of this voyage, except that I called my son my cousin; and first I told him that I

had lost my watch, which he seemed to take as a misfortune; but then I told him how kind my cousin had

been, that my mother had left me such a plantation, and that he had preserved it for me, in hopes some time or

other he should hear from me; then I told him that I had left it to his management, that he would render me a

faithful account of its produce; and then I pulled him out the #100 in silver, as the first year's produce; and

then pulling out the deerskin purse with the pistoles, 'And here, my dear,' says I, 'is the gold watch.' My

husbandso is Heaven's goodness sure to work the same effects in all sensible minds where mercies touch

the heartlifted up both hands, and with an ecstacy of joy, 'What is God adoing,' says he, 'for such an

ungrateful dog as I am!' Then I let him know what I had brought over in the sloop, besides all this; I mean the

horses, hogs, and cows, and other stores for our plantation; all which added to his surprise, and filled his heart

with thankfulness; and from this time forward I believe he was as sincere a penitent, and as thoroughly a

reformed man, as ever God's goodness brought back from a profligate, a highwayman, and a robber. I could

fill a larger history than this with the evidence of this truth, and but that I doubt that part of the story will not

be equally diverting as the wicked part, I have had thoughts of making a volume of it by itself.

As for myself, as this is to be my own story, not my husband's, I return to that part which related to myself.

We went on with our plantation, and managed it with the help and diversion of such friends as we got there

by our obliging behaviour, and especially the honest Quaker, who proved a faithful, generous, and steady

friend to us; and we had very good success, for having a flourishing stock to begin with, as I have said, and

this being now increased by the addition of #150 sterling in money, we enlarged our number of servants, built

us a very good house, and cured every year a great deal of land. The second year I wrote to my old governess,

giving her part with us of the joy of our success, and order her how to lay out the money I had left with her,

which was #250 as above, and to send it to us in goods, which she performed with her usual kindness and

Here we had a supply of all sorts of clothes, as well for my husband as for myself; and I took especial care to

buy for him all those things that I knew he delighted to have; as two good long wigs, two silverhilted

swords, three or four fine fowlingpieces, a find saddle with holsters and pistols very handsome, with a

scarlet cloak; and, in a word, everything I could think of to oblige him, and to make him appear, as he really

was, a very fine gentleman. I ordered a good quantity of such household stuff as we yet wanted, with linen of

all sorts for us both. As for myself, I wanted very little of clothes or linen, being very well furnished before.

The rest of my cargo consisted in ironwork of all sorts, harness for horses, tools, clothes for servants, and

woollen cloth, stuffs, serges, stockings, shoes, hats, and the like, such as servants wear; and whole pieces also

to make up for servants, all by direction of the Quaker; and all this cargo arrived safe, and in good condition,

with three womanservants, lusty wenches, which my old governess had picked for me, suitable enough to

the place, and to the work we had for them to do; one of which happened to come double, having been got

with child by one of the seamen in the ship, as she owned afterwards, before the ship got so far as Gravesend;

My husband, you may suppose, was a little surprised at the arriving of all this cargo from England; and

talking with me after he saw the account of this particular, 'My dear,' says he, 'what is the meaning of all this?

I fear you will run us too deep in debt: when shall we be able to make return for it all?' I smiled, and told him

that is was all paid for; and then I told him, that what our circumstances might expose us to, I had not taken

my whole stock with me, that I had reserved so much in my friend's hands, which now we were come over

He was amazed, and stood a while telling upon his fingers, but said nothing. At last he began thus: 'Hold, let's

see,' says he, telling upon his fingers still, and first on his thumb; 'there's #246 in money at first, then two gold

watches, diamond rings, and plate,' says he, upon the forefinger. Then upon the next finger, 'Here's a

plantation on York River, #100 a year, then #150 in money, then a sloop load of horses, cows, hogs, and

stores'; and so on to the thumb again. 'And now,' says he, 'a cargo cost #250 in England, and worth here twice

the money.' 'Well,' says I, 'what do you make of all that?' 'Make of it?' says he; 'why, who says I was deceived

when I married a wife in Lancashire? I think I have married a fortune, and a very good fortune too,' says he.

In a word, we were now in very considerable circumstances, and every year increasing; for our new

plantation grew upon our hands insensibly, and in eight years which we lived upon it, we brought it to such

pitch, that the produce was at least #300 sterling a year; I mean, worth so much in England.

After I had been a year at home again, I went over the bay to see my son, and to receive another year's

income of my plantation; and I was surprised to hear, just at my landing there, that my old husband was dead,

and had not been buried above a fortnight. This, I confess, was not disagreeable news, because now I could

appear as I was, in a married condition; so I told my son before I came from him, that I believed I should

marry a gentleman who had a plantation near mine; and though I was legally free to marry, as to any

obligation that was on me before, yet that I was shy of it, lest the blot should some time or other be revived,

and it might make a husband uneasy. My son, the same kind, dutiful, and obliging creature as ever, treated

me now at his own house, paid me my hundred pounds, and sent me home again loaded with presents.

Some time after this, I let my son know I was married, and invited him over to see us, and my husband wrote

a very obliging letter to him also, inviting him to come and see him; and he came accordingly some months

after, and happened to be there just when my cargo from England came in, which I let him believe belonged

It must be observed that when the old wretch my brother (husband) was dead, I then freely gave my husband

an account of all that affair, and of this cousin, as I had called him before, being my own son by that mistaken

unhappy match. He was perfectly easy in the account, and told me he should have been as easy if the old

man, as we called him, had been alive. 'For,' said he, 'it was no fault of yours, nor of his; it was a mistake

impossible to be prevented.' He only reproached him with desiring me to conceal it, and to live with him as a

wife, after I knew that he was my brother; that, he said, was a vile part. Thus all these difficulties were made

We are grown old; I am come back to England, being almost seventy years of age, husband sixtyeight,

having performed much more than the limited terms of my transportation; and now, notwithstanding all the

fatigues and all the miseries we have both gone through, we have both gone through, we are both of us in

good heart and health. My husband remained there some time after me to settle our affairs, and at first I had

intended to go back to him, but at his desire I altered that resolution, and he is come over to England also,

where we resolve to spend the remainder of our years in sincere penitence for the wicked lives we have lived.