Round the Moon ..................................................................................................................................................1

Jules Verne ...............................................................................................................................................1

PREFACE TO THE SECOND ................................................................................................................1

M. .............................................................................................................................................................3

CHAPTER II. THE FIRST HALFHOUR .............................................................................................7

CHAPTER III. THEIR PLACE OF SHELTER....................................................................................14

CHAPTER IV. A LITTLE ALGEBRA .................................................................................................19

CHAPTER V. THE COLD OF SPACE................................................................................................23

CHAPTER VI. QUESTION AND ANSWER .......................................................................................28

CHAPTER VII. A MOMENT OF INTOXICATION...........................................................................33

LEAGUES.............................................................................................................................................39

CHAPTER IX. THE CONSEQUENCES OF A DEVIATION .............................................................44

CHAPTER X. THE OBSERVERS OF THE MOON...........................................................................47

CHAPTER XI. FANCY AND REALITY .............................................................................................49

CHAPTER XII. OROGRAPHIC DETAILS.........................................................................................50

CHAPTER XIII. LUNAR LANDSCAPES ...........................................................................................54

HALF.....................................................................................................................................................58

CHAPTER XV. HYPERBOLA OR PARABOLA...............................................................................63

CHAPTER XVI. THE SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE ...........................................................................68

CHAPTER XVII. TYCHO....................................................................................................................69

CHAPTER XVIII. GRAVE QUESTIONS ............................................................................................73

CHAPTER XIX. A STRUGGLE AGAINST THE IMPOSSIBLE .......................................................77

CHAPTER XX. THE SOUNDINGS OF THE SUSQUEHANNA .......................................................83

CHAPTER XXI. J. T. MASTON RECALLED....................................................................................87

CHAPTER XXII. RECOVERED FROM THE SEA............................................................................91

CHAPTER XXIII. THE END ................................................................................................................95

During the year 186, the whole world was greatly excited by a scientific experiment unprecedented in the

annals of science. The members of the Gun Club, a circle of artillerymen formed at Baltimore after the

American war, conceived the idea of putting themselves in communication with the moon! yes, with the

moon by sending to her a projectile. Their president, Barbicane, the promoter of the enterprise, having

consulted the astronomers of the Cambridge Observatory upon the subject, took all necessary means to

ensure the success of this extraordinary enterprise, which had been declared practicable by the majority of

competent judges. After setting on foot a public subscription, which realized nearly L1,200,000, they began

According to the advice forwarded from the members of the Observatory, the gun destined to launch the

projectile had to be fixed in a country situated between the 0 and 28th degrees of north or south latitude, in

order to aim at the moon when at the zenith; and its initiatory velocity was fixed at twelve thousand yards to

the second. Launched on the 1st of December, at 10hrs. 46m. 40s. P.M., it ought to reach the moon four days

after its departure, that is on the 5th of December, at midnight precisely, at the moment of her attaining her

perigee, that is her nearest distance from the earth, which is exactly 86,410 leagues (French), or 238,833

The principal members of the Gun Club, President Barbicane, Major Elphinstone, the secretary Joseph T.

Maston, and other learned men, held several meetings, at which the shape and composition of the projectile

were discussed, also the position and nature of the gun, and the quality and quantity of powder to be used. It

was decided: First, that the projectile should be a shell made of aluminum with a diameter of 108 inches and a

thickness of twelve inches to its walls; and should weigh 19,250 pounds. Second, that the gun should be a

Columbiad cast in iron, 900 feet long, and run perpendicularly into the earth. Third, that the charge should

contain 400,000 pounds of guncotton, which, giving out six billions of litres of gas in rear of the projectile,

These questions determined President Barbicane, assisted by Murchison the engineer, to choose a spot

situated in Florida, in 27@ 7' North latitude, and 77@ 3' West (Greenwich) longitude. It was on this spot,

after stupendous labor, that the Columbiad was cast with full success. Things stood thus, when an incident

took place which increased the interest attached to this great enterprise a hundredfold.

A Frenchman, an enthusiastic Parisian, as witty as he was bold, asked to be enclosed in the projectile, in order

that he might reach the moon, and reconnoiter this terrestrial satellite. The name of this intrepid adventurer

was Michel Ardan. He landed in America, was received with enthusiasm, held meetings, saw himself carried

in triumph, reconciled President Barbicane to his mortal enemy, Captain Nicholl, and, as a token of

reconciliation, persuaded them both to start with him in the projectile. The proposition being accepted, the

shape of the projectile was slightly altered. It was made of a cylindroconical form. This species of aerial car

was lined with strong springs and partitions to deaden the shock of departure. It was provided with food for a

year, water for some months, and gas for some days. A selfacting apparatus supplied the three travelers with

air to breathe. At the same time, on one of the highest points of the Rocky Mountains, the Gun Club had a

gigantic telescope erected, in order that they might be able to follow the course of the projectile through

On the 30th of November, at the hour fixed upon, from the midst of an extraordinary crowd of spectators, the

departure took place, and for the first time, three human beings quitted the terrestrial globe, and launched into

interplanetary space with almost a certainty of reaching their destination. These bold travelers, Michel

Ardan, President Barbicane, and Captain Nicholl, ought to make the passage in ninetyseven hours, thirteen

minutes, and twenty seconds. Consequently, their arrival on the lunar disc could not take place until the 5th

of December at twelve at night, at the exact moment when the moon should be full, and not on the 4th, as

But an unforeseen circumstance, viz., the detonation produced by the Columbiad, had the immediate effect of

troubling the terrestrial atmosphere, by accumulating a large quantity of vapor, a phenomenon which excited

universal indignation, for the moon was hidden from the eyes of the watchers for several nights.

The worthy Joseph T. Maston, the staunchest friend of the three travelers, started for the Rocky Mountains,

accompanied by the Hon. J. Belfast, director of the Cambridge Observatory, and reached the station of Long's

Peak, where the telescope was erected which brought the moon within an apparent distance of two leagues.

The honorable secretary of the Gun Club wished himself to observe the vehicle of his daring friends.

The accumulation of the clouds in the atmosphere prevented all observation on the 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, and

10th of December. Indeed it was thought that all observations would have to be put off to the 3d of January in

the following year; for the moon entering its last quarter on the 11th, would then only present an

everdecreasing portion of her disc, insufficient to allow of their following the course of the projectile.

At length, to the general satisfaction, a heavy storm cleared the atmosphere on the night of the 11th and 12th

of December, and the moon, with halfilluminated disc, was plainly to be seen upon the black sky.

That very night a telegram was sent from the station of Long's Peak by Joseph T. Maston and Belfast to the

gentlemen of the Cambridge Observatory, announcing that on the 11th of December at 8h. 47m. P.M., the

projectile launched by the Columbiad of Stones Hill had been detected by Messrs. Belfast and Maston that

it had deviated from its course from some unknown cause, and had not reached its destination; but that it had

passed near enough to be retained by the lunar attraction; that its rectilinear movement had been changed to a

circular one, and that following an elliptical orbit round the star of night it had become its satellite. The

telegram added that the elements of this new star had not yet been calculated; and indeed three observations

made upon a star in three different positions are necessary to determine these elements. Then it showed that

the distance separating the projectile from the lunar surface "might" be reckoned at about 2,833 miles.

It ended with the double hypothesis: either the attraction of the moon would draw it to herself, and the

travelers thus attain their end; or that the projectile, held in one immutable orbit, would gravitate around the

With such alternatives, what would be the fate of the travelers? Certainly they had food for some time. But

supposing they did succeed in their rash enterprise, how would they return? Could they ever return? Should

they hear from them? These questions, debated by the most learned pens of the day, strongly engrossed the

It is advisable here to make a remark which ought to be well considered by hasty observers. When a purely

speculative discovery is announced to the public, it cannot be done with too much prudence. No one is

obliged to discover either a planet, a comet, or a satellite; and whoever makes a mistake in such a case

exposes himself justly to the derision of the mass. Far better is it to wait; and that is what the impatient

Joseph T. Maston should have done before sending this telegram forth to the world, which, according to his

idea, told the whole result of the enterprise. Indeed this telegram contained two sorts of errors, as was proved

eventually. First, errors of observation, concerning the distance of the projectile from the surface of the moon,

for on the 11th of December it was impossible to see it; and what Joseph T. Maston had seen, or thought he

saw, could not have been the projectile of the Columbiad. Second, errors of theory on the fate in store for the

said projectile; for in making it a satellite of the moon, it was putting it in direct contradiction of all

One single hypothesis of the observers of Long's Peak could ever be realized, that which foresaw the case of

the travelers (if still alive) uniting their efforts with the lunar attraction to attain the surface of the disc.

Now these men, as clever as they were daring, had survived the terrible shock consequent on their departure,

and it is their journey in the projectile car which is here related in its most dramatic as well as in its most

singular details. This recital will destroy many illusions and surmises; but it will give a true idea of the

singular changes in store for such an enterprise; it will bring out the scientific instincts of Barbicane, the

industrious resources of Nicholl, and the audacious humor of Michel Ardan. Besides this, it will prove that

their worthy friend, Joseph T. Maston, was wasting his time, while leaning over the gigantic telescope he

As ten o'clock struck, Michel Ardan, Barbicane, and Nicholl, took leave of the numerous friends they were

leaving on the earth. The two dogs, destined to propagate the canine race on the lunar continents, were

The three travelers approached the orifice of the enormous castiron tube, and a crane let them down to the

conical top of the projectile. There, an opening made for the purpose gave them access to the aluminum car.

The tackle belonging to the crane being hauled from outside, the mouth of the Columbiad was instantly

Nicholl, once introduced with his companions inside the projectile, began to close the opening by means of a

strong plate, held in position by powerful screws. Other plates, closely fitted, covered the lenticular glasses,

and the travelers, hermetically enclosed in their metal prison, were plunged in profound darkness.

"And now, my dear companions," said Michel Ardan, "let us make ourselves at home; I am a domesticated

man and strong in housekeeping. We are bound to make the best of our new lodgings, and make ourselves

comfortable. And first let us try and see a little. Gas was not invented for moles."

So saying, the thoughtless fellow lit a match by striking it on the sole of his boot; and approached the burner

fixed to the receptacle, in which the carbonized hydrogen, stored at high pressure, sufficed for the lighting

and warming of the projectile for a hundred and fortyfour hours, or six days and six nights. The gas caught

fire, and thus lighted the projectile looked like a comfortable room with thickly padded walls, furnished with

Michel Ardan examined everything, and declared himself satisfied with his installation.

"It is a prison," said he, "but a traveling prison; and, with the right of putting my nose to the window, I could

well stand a lease of a hundred years. You smile, Barbicane. Have you any arrierepensee? Do you say to

yourself, `This prison may be our tomb?' Tomb, perhaps; still I would not change it for Mahomet's, which

While Michel Ardan was speaking, Barbicane and Nicholl were making their last preparations.

Nicholl's chronometer marked twenty minutes past ten P.M. when the three travelers were finally enclosed in

their projectile. This chronometer was set within the tenth of a second by that of Murchison the engineer.

"My friends," said he, "it is twenty minutes past ten. At forty seven minutes past ten Murchison will launch

the electric spark on the wire which communicates with the charge of the Columbiad. At that precise moment

we shall leave our spheroid. Thus we still have twentyseven minutes to remain on the earth."

"Well!" exclaimed Michel Ardan, in a goodhumored tone, "much may be done in twentysix minutes. The

gravest questions of morals and politics may be discussed, and even solved. Twentysix minutes well

employed are worth more than twentysix years in which nothing is done. Some seconds of a Pascal or a

"Well, twentyfour, if you like, my noble captain," said Ardan; "twentyfour minutes in which to

"Michel," said Barbicane, "during the passage we shall have plenty of time to investigate the most difficult

"Doubtless; but there are still some precautions to be taken, to deaden as much as possible the first shock."

"Have we not the watercushions placed between the partition breaks, whose elasticity will sufficiently

"Ah, the joker!" exclaimed Michel Ardan. "He hopes!He is not sure! and he waits for the moment when

we are encased to make this deplorable admission! I beg to be allowed to get out!"

"Humph!" said Michel Ardan, "it is not easy; we are in the train, and the guard's whistle will sound before

For some moments the three travelers looked at each other. Then they began to examine the objects

"Everything is in its place," said Barbicane. "We have now to decide how we can best place ourselves to

resist the shock. Position cannot be an indifferent matter; and we must, as much as possible, prevent the rush

"Then," replied Michel Ardan, ready to suit the action to the word, "let us put our heads down and our feet in

"No," said Barbicane, "let us stretch ourselves on our sides; we shall resist the shock better that way.

Remember that, when the projectile starts, it matters little whether we are in it or before it; it amounts to

"That Nicholl is not a man," exclaimed Michel; "he is a chronometer with seconds, an escape, and eight

But his companions were not listening; they were taking up their last positions with the most perfect

coolness. They were like two methodical travelers in a car, seeking to place themselves as comfortably as

We might well ask ourselves of what materials are the hearts of these Americans made, to whom the

Three thick and solidlymade couches had been placed in the projectile. Nicholl and Barbicane placed them

in the center of the disc forming the floor. There the three travelers were to stretch themselves some moments

During this time, Ardan, not being able to keep still, turned in his narrow prison like a wild beast in a cage,

chatting with his friends, speaking to the dogs Diana and Satellite, to whom, as may be seen, he had given

"Ah, Diana! Ah, Satellite!" he exclaimed, teasing them; "so you are going to show the moondogs the good

habits of the dogs of the earth! That will do honor to the canine race! If ever we do come down again, I will

"There are," said Michel Ardan, "just as there are horses, cows, donkeys, and chickens. I bet that we shall

"Done, my captain!" replied Ardan, clasping Nicholl's hand. "But, by the bye, you have already lost three bets

with our president, as the necessary funds for the enterprise have been found, as the operation of casting has

been successful, and lastly, as the Columbiad has been loaded without accident, six thousand dollars."

"It is understood, captain. Well, before another quarter of an hour you will have to count nine thousand

dollars to the president; four thousand because the Columbiad will not burst, and five thousand because the

"I have the dollars," replied Nicholl, slapping the pocket of this coat. "I only ask to be allowed to pay."

"Come, Nicholl. I see that you are a man of method, which I could never be; but indeed you have made a

"Because, if you gain the first, the Columbiad will have burst, and the projectile with it; and Barbicane will

"My stake is deposited at the bank in Baltimore," replied Barbicane simply; "and if Nicholl is not there, it

"Ah, you practical men!" exclaimed Michel Ardan; "I admire you the more for not being able to understand

"Yes, five little minutes!" replied Michel Ardan; "and we are enclosed in a projectile, at the bottom of a gun

900 feet long! And under this projectile are rammed 400,000 pounds of guncotton, which is equal to

1,600,000 pounds of ordinary powder! And friend Murchison, with his chronometer in hand, his eye fixed on

the needle, his finger on the electric apparatus, is counting the seconds preparatory to launching us into

"Enough, Michel, enough!" said Barbicane, in a serious voice; "let us prepare. A few instants alone separate

"Yes," exclaimed Michel Ardan, more moved than he wished to appear; and the three bold companions were

Michel Ardan and Nicholl stretched themselves on the couches placed in the center of the disc.

"Twenty seconds more!" Barbicane quickly put out the gas and lay down by his companions, and the

profound silence was only broken by the ticking of the chronometer marking the seconds.

Suddenly a dreadful shock was felt, and the projectile, under the force of six billions of litres of gas,

What had happened? What effect had this frightful shock produced? Had the ingenuity of the constructors of

the projectile obtained any happy result? Had the shock been deadened, thanks to the springs, the four plugs,

the watercushions, and the partitionbreaks? Had they been able to subdue the frightful pressure of the

initiatory speed of more than 11,000 yards, which was enough to traverse Paris or New York in a second?

This was evidently the question suggested to the thousand spectators of this moving scene. They forgot the

aim of the journey, and thought only of the travelers. And if one of them Joseph T. Maston for example

Nothing then. The darkness was profound. But its cylindro conical partitions had resisted wonderfully. Not

a rent or a dent anywhere! The wonderful projectile was not even heated under the intense deflagration of the

The interior showed but little disorder; indeed, only a few objects had been violently thrown toward the roof;

but the most important seemed not to have suffered from the shock at all; their fixtures were intact.

On the movable disc, sunk down to the bottom by the smashing of the partitionbreaks and the escape of the

water, three bodies lay apparently lifeless. Barbicane, Nicholl, and Michel Ardan did they still breathe? or

was the projectile nothing now but a metal coffin, bearing three corpses into space?

Some minutes after the departure of the projectile, one of the bodies moved, shook its arms, lifted its head,

and finally succeeded in getting on its knees. It was Michel Ardan. He felt himself all over, gave a sonorous

The courageous Frenchman tried to rise, but could not stand. His head swam, from the rush of blood; he was

"Burr!" said he. "It produces the same effect as two bottles of Corton, though perhaps less agreeable to

swallow." Then, passing his hand several times across his forehead and rubbing his temples, he called in a

He waited anxiously. No answer; not even a sigh to show that the hearts of his companions were still beating.

"The devil!" he exclaimed. "They look as if they had fallen from a fifth story on their heads. Bah!" he added,

with that imperturbable confidence which nothing could check, "if a Frenchman can get on his knees, two

Ardan felt the tide of life return by degrees. His blood became calm, and returned to its accustomed

circulation. Another effort restored his equilibrium. He succeeded in rising, drew a match from his pocket,

and approaching the burner lighted it. The receiver had not suffered at all. The gas had not escaped. Besides,

the smell would have betrayed it; and in that case Michel Ardan could not have carried a lighted match with

impunity through the space filled with hydrogen. The gas mixing with the air would have produced a

detonating mixture, and the explosion would have finished what the shock had perhaps begun. When the

burner was lit, Ardan leaned over the bodies of his companions: they were lying one on the other, an inert

Ardan lifted the captain, propped him up against the divan, and began to rub vigorously. This means, used

with judgment, restored Nicholl, who opened his eyes, and instantly recovering his presence of mind, seized

"Each in turn," replied Michel Ardan. "I began with you, Nicholl, because you were on the top. Now let us

look to Barbicane." Saying which, Ardan and Nicholl raised the president of the Gun Club and laid him on

the divan. He seemed to have suffered more than either of his companions; he was bleeding, but Nicholl was

reassured by finding that the hemorrhage came from a slight wound on the shoulder, a mere graze, which he

Still, Barbicane was a long time coming to himself, which frightened his friends, who did not spare friction.

"He breathes though," said Nicholl, putting his ear to the chest of the wounded man.

"Yes," replied Ardan, "he breathes like a man who has some notion of that daily operation. Rub, Nicholl; let

us rub harder." And the two improvised practitioners worked so hard and so well that Barbicane recovered his

senses. He opened his eyes, sat up, took his two friends by the hands, and his first words were

Nicholl and Ardan looked at each other; they had not yet troubled themselves about the projectile; their first

And this double hypothesis suggested by his companions had the effect of recalling him to his senses. In any

case they could not decide on the position of the projectile. Its apparent immovability, and the want of

communication with the outside, prevented them from solving the question. Perhaps the projectile was

unwinding its course through space. Perhaps after a short rise it had fallen upon the earth, or even in the Gulf

of Mexico a fall which the narrowness of the peninsula of Florida would render not impossible.

The case was serious, the problem interesting, and one that must be solved as soon as possible. Thus, highly

excited, Barbicane's moral energy triumphed over physical weakness, and he rose to his feet. He listened.

Outside was perfect silence; but the thick padding was enough to intercept all sounds coming from the earth.

But one circumstance struck Barbicane, viz., that the temperature inside the projectile was singularly high.

The president drew a thermometer from its case and consulted it. The instrument showed 81@ Fahr.

"Yes," he exclaimed, "yes, we are moving! This stifling heat, penetrating through the partitions of the

projectile, is produced by its friction on the atmospheric strata. It will soon diminish, because we are already

floating in space, and after having nearly stifled, we shall have to suffer intense cold.

"What!" said Michel Ardan. "According to your showing, Barbicane, we are already beyond the limits of the

"Without a doubt, Michel. Listen to me. It is fiftyfive minutes past ten; we have been gone about eight

minutes; and if our initiatory speed has not been checked by the friction, six seconds would be enough for us

"Just so," replied Nicholl; "but in what proportion do you estimate the diminution of speed by friction?"

"In the proportion of onethird, Nicholl. This diminution is considerable, but according to my calculations it

is nothing less. If, then, we had an initiatory speed of 12,000 yards, on leaving the atmosphere this speed

would be reduced to 9,165 yards. In any case we have already passed through this interval, and"

"And then," said Michel Ardan, "friend Nicholl has lost his two bets: four thousand dollars because the

Columbiad did not burst; five thousand dollars because the projectile has risen more than six miles. Now,

"Let us prove it first," said the captain, "and we will pay afterward. It is quite possible that Barbicane's

reasoning is correct, and that I have lost my nine thousand dollars. But a new hypothesis presents itself to my

"The hypothesis that, for some reason or other, fire was never set to the powder, and we have not started at

"My goodness, captain," exclaimed Michel Ardan, "that hypothesis is not worthy of my brain! It cannot be a

serious one. For have we not been half annihilated by the shock? Did I not recall you to life? Is not the

The three friends looked at each other with a disconcerted air. It was quite an inexplicable phenomenon. The

"Let us first find out where we are," said Barbicane, "and let down this panel."

The nuts which held the bolts to the outer plates of the righthand scuttle gave way under the pressure of the

English wrench. These bolts were pushed outside, and the buffers covered with Indiarubber stopped up the

holes which let them through. Immediately the outer plate fell back upon its hinges like a porthole, and the

lenticular glass which closed the scuttle appeared. A similar one was let into the thick partition on the

opposite side of the projectile, another in the top of the dome, and finally a fourth in the middle of the base.

They could, therefore, make observations in four different directions; the firmament by the side and most

direct windows, the earth or the moon by the upper and under openings in the projectile.

Barbicane and his two companions immediately rushed to the uncovered window. But it was lit by no ray of

light. Profound darkness surrounded them, which, however, did not prevent the president from exclaiming:

"No, my friends, we have not fallen back upon the earth; no, nor are we submerged in the Gulf of Mexico.

Yes! we are mounting into space. See those stars shining in the night, and that impenetrable darkness heaped

Indeed, this thick darkness proved that the projectile had left the earth, for the soil, brilliantly lit by the

moonbeams would have been visible to the travelers, if they had been lying on its surface. This darkness

also showed that the projectile had passed the atmospheric strata, for the diffused light spread in the air would

have been reflected on the metal walls, which reflection was wanting. This light would have lit the window,

and the window was dark. Doubt was no longer possible; the travelers had left the earth.

"Here are the nine thousand dollars," said the captain, drawing a roll of paper dollars from his pocket.

And coolly and seriously, as if he had been at his strongbox, the president drew forth his notebook, tore out

a blank leaf, wrote a proper receipt in pencil, dated and signed it with the usual flourish, [1] and gave it to the

captain, who carefully placed it in his pocketbook. Michel Ardan, taking off his hat, bowed to his two

companions without speaking. So much formality under such circumstances left him speechless. He had

This affair settled, Barbicane and Nicholl had returned to the window, and were watching the constellations.

The stars looked like bright points on the black sky. But from that side they could not see the orb of night,

which, traveling from east to west, would rise by degrees toward the zenith. Its absence drew the following

"Do not alarm yourself," said Barbicane; "our future globe is at its post, but we cannot see her from this side;

"As Barbicane was about leaving the window to open the opposite scuttle, his attention was attracted by the

approach of a brilliant object. It was an enormous disc, whose colossal dimension could not be estimated. Its

face, which was turned to the earth, was very bright. One might have thought it a small moon reflecting the

light of the large one. She advanced with great speed, and seemed to describe an orbit round the earth, which

would intersect the passage of the projectile. This body revolved upon its axis, and exhibited the phenomena

Barbicane did not answer. The appearance of this enormous body surprised and troubled him. A collision was

possible, and might be attended with deplorable results; either the projectile would deviate from its path, or a

shock, breaking its impetus, might precipitate it to earth; or, lastly, it might be irresistibly drawn away by the

powerful asteroid. The president caught at a glance the consequences of these three hypotheses, either of

which would, one way or the other, bring their experiment to an unsuccessful and fatal termination. His

companions stood silently looking into space. The object grew rapidly as it approached them, and by an

Instinctively the travelers drew back. Their dread was great, but it did not last many seconds. The asteroid

passed several hundred yards from the projectile and disappeared, not so much from the rapidity of its course,

as that its face being opposite the moon, it was suddenly merged into the perfect darkness of space.

"A happy journey to you," exclaimed Michel Ardan, with a sigh of relief. "Surely infinity of space is large

enough for a poor little projectile to walk through without fear. Now, what is this portentous globe which

"It is," said Barbicane, "a simple meteorite, but an enormous one, which the attraction of the earth has

"Is it possible!" exclaimed Michel Ardan; "the earth then has two moons like Neptune?"

"Yes, my friends, two moons, though it passes generally for having only one; but this second moon is so

small, and its speed so great, that the inhabitants of the earth cannot see it. It was by noticing disturbances

that a French astronomer, M. Petit, was able to determine the existence of this second satellite and calculate

its elements. According to his observations, this meteorite will accomplish its revolution around the earth in

"No," replied Barbicane; "but if, like us, they had met it, they could no longer doubt it. Indeed, I think that

this meteorite, which, had it struck the projectile, would have much embarrassed us, will give us the means of

"Because its distance is known, and when we met it, we were exactly four thousand six hundred and fifty

"More than two thousand French leagues," exclaimed Michel Ardan. "That beats the express trains of the

"I should think so," replied Nicholl, consulting his chronometer; "it is eleven o'clock, and it is only thirteen

"Yes," said Nicholl; "and if our initiatory speed of twelve thousand yards has been kept up, we shall have

"That is all very well, my friends," said the president, "but the insoluble question still remains. Why did we

For want of an answer the conversation dropped, and Barbicane began thoughtfully to let down the shutter of

the second side. He succeeded; and through the uncovered glass the moon filled the projectile with a brilliant

light. Nicholl, as an economical man, put out the gas, now useless, and whose brilliancy prevented any

The lunar disc shone with wonderful purity. Her rays, no longer filtered through the vapory atmosphere of the

terrestrial globe, shone through the glass, filling the air in the interior of the projectile with silvery reflections.

The black curtain of the firmament in reality heightened the moon's brilliancy, which in this void of ether

unfavorable to diffusion did not eclipse the neighboring stars. The heavens, thus seen, presented quite a new

aspect, and one which the human eye could never dream of. One may conceive the interest with which these

In its motion the earth's satellite was insensibly nearing the zenith, the mathematical point which it ought to

attain ninetysix hours later. Her mountains, her plains, every projection was as clearly discernible to their

eyes as if they were observing it from some spot upon the earth; but its light was developed through space

with wonderful intensity. The disc shone like a platinum mirror. Of the earth flying from under their feet, the

It was captain Nicholl who first recalled their attention to the vanishing globe.

"Yes," said Michel Ardan, "do not let us be ungrateful to it. Since we are leaving our country, let our last

looks be directed to it. I wish to see the earth once more before it is quite hidden from my eyes."

To satisfy his companions, Barbicane began to uncover the window at the bottom of the projectile, which

would allow them to observe the earth direct. The disc, which the force of the projection had beaten down to

the base, was removed, not without difficulty. Its fragments, placed carefully against a wall, might serve

again upon occasion. Then a circular gap appeared, nineteen inches in diameter, hollowed out of the lower

part of the projectile. A glass cover, six inches thick and strengthened with upper fastenings, closed it tightly.

Beneath was fixed an aluminum plate, held in place by bolts. The screws being undone, and the bolts let go,

the plate fell down, and visible communication was established between the interior and the exterior.

"Doubtless, Michel. In four days, when the moon will be full, at the very time we shall reach it, the earth will

be new, and will only appear to us as a slender crescent which will soon disappear, and for some days will be

"That the earth?" repeated Michel Ardan, looking with all his eyes at the thin slip of his native planet.

The explanation given by President Barbicane was correct. The earth, with respect to the projectile, was

entering its last phase. It was in its octant, and showed a crescent finely traced on the dark background of the

sky. Its light, rendered bluish by the thick strata of the atmosphere was less intense than that of the crescent

moon, but it was of considerable dimensions, and looked like an enormous arch stretched across the

firmament. Some parts brilliantly lighted, especially on its concave part, showed the presence of high

mountains, often disappearing behind thick spots, which are never seen on the lunar disc. They were rings of

While the travelers were trying to pierce the profound darkness, a brilliant cluster of shooting stars burst upon

their eyes. Hundreds of meteorites, ignited by the friction of the atmosphere, irradiated the shadow of the

luminous train, and lined the cloudy parts of the disc with their fire. At this period the earth was in its

perihelion, and the month of December is so propitious to these shooting stars, that astronomers have counted

as many as twentyfour thousand in an hour. But Michel Ardan, disdaining scientific reasonings, preferred

thinking that the earth was thus saluting the departure of her three children with her most brilliant fireworks.

Indeed this was all they saw of the globe lost in the solar world, rising and setting to the great planets like a

simple morning or evening star! This globe, where they had left all their affections, was nothing more than a

Long did the three friends look without speaking, though united in heart, while the projectile sped onward

with an everdecreasing speed. Then an irresistible drowsiness crept over their brain. Was it weariness of

body and mind? No doubt; for after the overexcitement of those last hours passed upon earth, reaction was

And stretching themselves on their couches, they were all three soon in a profound slumber.

But they had not forgotten themselves more than a quarter of an hour, when Barbicane sat up suddenly, and

This curious but certainly correct explanation once given, the three friends returned to their slumbers. Could

they have found a calmer or more peaceful spot to sleep in? On the earth, houses, towns, cottages, and

country feel every shock given to the exterior of the globe. On sea, the vessels rocked by the waves are still in

motion; in the air, the balloon oscillates incessantly on the fluid strata of divers densities. This projectile

alone, floating in perfect space, in the midst of perfect silence, offered perfect repose.

Thus the sleep of our adventurous travelers might have been indefinitely prolonged, if an unexpected noise

had not awakened them at about seven o'clock in the morning of the 2nd of December, eight hours after their

They looked and found one of the animals crouched under the divan. Terrified and shaken by the initiatory

shock, it had remained in the corner till its voice returned with the pangs of hunger. It was the amiable Diana,

still very confused, who crept out of her retreat, though not without much persuasion, Michel Ardan

"Come, Diana," said he: "come, my girl! thou whose destiny will be marked in the cynegetic annals; thou

whom the pagans would have given as companion to the god Anubis, and Christians as friend to St. Roch;

thou who art rushing into interplanetary space, and wilt perhaps be the Eve of all Selenite dogs! come, Diana,

"Adam?" replied Michel; "Adam cannot be far off; he is there somewhere; we must call him. Satellite! here,

But Satellite did not appear. Diana would not leave off howling. They found, however, that she was not

bruised, and they gave her a pie, which silenced her complaints. As to Satellite, he seemed quite lost. They

had to hunt a long time before finding him in one of the upper compartments of the projectile, whither some

unaccountable shock must have violently hurled him. The poor beast, much hurt, was in a piteous state.

They brought the unfortunate dog down with great care. Its skull had been broken against the roof, and it

seemed unlikely that he could recover from such a shock. Meanwhile, he was stretched comfortably on a

"We will take care of you," said Michel; "we are responsible for your existence. I would rather lose an arm

Saying which, he offered some water to the wounded dog, who swallowed it with avidity.

This attention paid, the travelers watched the earth and the moon attentively. The earth was now only

discernible by a cloudy disc ending in a crescent, rather more contracted than that of the previous evening;

but its expanse was still enormous, compared with that of the moon, which was approaching nearer and

"By Jove!" said Michel Ardan, "I am really sorry that we did not start when the earth was full, that is to say,

"Because we should have seen our continents and seas in a new light the first resplendent under the solar

rays, the latter cloudy as represented on some maps of the world. I should like to have seen those poles of the

"I dare say," replied Barbicane; "but if the earth had been full, the moon would have been new; that is to say,

invisible, because of the rays of the sun. It is better for us to see the destination we wish to reach, than the

"You are right, Barbicane," replied Captain Nicholl; "and, besides, when we have reached the moon, we shall

have time during the long lunar nights to consider at our leisure the globe on which our likenesses swarm."

"Our likenesses!" exclaimed Michel Ardan; "They are no more our likenesses than the Selenites are! We

inhabit a new world, peopled by ourselves the projectile! I am Barbicane's likeness, and Barbicane is

Nicholl's. Beyond us, around us, human nature is at an end, and we are the only population of this microcosm

"Very well," retorted Michel; "then it is impossible for me to find even the shadow of a reason why we

Indeed the inhabitants of the new star could not live without eating, and their stomachs were suffering from

the imperious laws of hunger. Michel Ardan, as a Frenchman, was declared chief cook, an important

function, which raised no rival. The gas gave sufficient heat for the culinary apparatus, and the provision box

The breakfast began with three bowls of excellent soup, thanks to the liquefaction in hot water of those

precious cakes of Liebig, prepared from the best parts of the ruminants of the Pampas. To the soup succeeded

some beefsteaks, compressed by an hydraulic press, as tender and succulent as if brought straight from the

kitchen of an English eatinghouse. Michel, who was imaginative, maintained that they were even "red."

Preserved vegetables ("fresher than nature," said the amiable Michel) succeeded the dish of meat; and was

The beverage was declared exquisite, and was due to the infusion of the choicest leaves, of which the

And lastly, to crown the repast, Ardan had brought out a fine bottle of Nuits, which was found "by chance" in

the provisionbox. The three friends drank to the union of the earth and her satellite.

And, as if he had not already done enough for the generous wine which he had distilled on the slopes of

Burgundy, the sun chose to be part of the party. At this moment the projectile emerged from the conical

shadow cast by the terrestrial globe, and the rays of the radiant orb struck the lower disc of the projectile

direct occasioned by the angle which the moon's orbit makes with that of the earth.

"But," said Michel, "the conical shadow which the earth leaves in space extends beyond the moon?"

"Far beyond it, if the atmospheric refraction is not taken into consideration," said Barbicane. "But when the

moon is enveloped in this shadow, it is because the centers of the three stars, the sun, the earth, and the moon,

are all in one and the same straight line. Then the nodes coincide with the phases of the moon, and there is an

eclipse. If we had started when there was an eclipse of the moon, all our passage would have been in the

"Because, though we are floating in space, our projectile, bathed in the solar rays, will receive light and heat.

Indeed, under these rays which no atmosphere can temper, either in temperature or brilliancy, the projectile

grew warm and bright, as if it had passed suddenly from winter to summer. The moon above, the sun beneath,

"I should think so," said Michel Ardan. "With a little earth spread on our aluminum planet we should have

green peas in twentyfour hours. I have but one fear, which is that the walls of the projectile might melt."

"Calm yourself, my worthy friend," replied Barbicane; "the projectile withstood a very much higher

temperature than this as it slid through the strata of the atmosphere. I should not be surprised if it did not look

"What astonishes me," said Barbicane, "is that we have not been. That was a danger we had not provided

"And you never mentioned it, my sublime captain," exclaimed Michel Ardan, clasping his friend's hand.

Barbicane now began to settle himself in the projectile as if he was never to leave it. One must remember that

this aerial car had a base with a superficies of fiftyfour square feet. Its height to the roof was twelve feet.

Carefully laid out in the inside, and little encumbered by instruments and traveling utensils, which each had

their particular place, it left the three travelers a certain freedom of movement. The thick window inserted in

the bottom could bear any amount of weight, and Barbicane and his companions walked upon it as if it were

solid plank; but the sun striking it directly with its rays lit the interior of the projectile from beneath, thus

They began by investigating the state of their store of water and provisions, neither of which had suffered,

thanks to the care taken to deaden the shock. Their provisions were abundant, and plentiful enough to last the

three travelers for more than a year. Barbicane wished to be cautious, in case the projectile should land on a

part of the moon which was utterly barren. As to water and the reserve of brandy, which consisted of fifty

gallons, there was only enough for two months; but according to the last observations of astronomers, the

moon had a low, dense, and thick atmosphere, at least in the deep valleys, and there springs and streams

could not fail. Thus, during their passage, and for the first year of their settlement on the lunar continent,

Now about the air in the projectile. There, too, they were secure. Reiset and Regnaut's apparatus, intended for

the production of oxygen, was supplied with chlorate of potassium for two months. They necessarily

consumed a certain quantity of gas, for they were obliged to keep the producing substance at a temperature of

above 400@. But there again they were all safe. The apparatus only wanted a little care. But it was not

enough to renew the oxygen; they must absorb the carbonic acid produced by expiration. During the last

twelve hours the atmosphere of the projectile had become charged with this deleterious gas. Nicholl

discovered the state of the air by observing Diana panting painfully. The carbonic acid, by a phenomenon

similar to that produced in the famous Grotto del Cane, had collected at the bottom of the projectile owing to

its weight. Poor Diana, with her head low, would suffer before her masters from the presence of this gas. But

Captain Nicholl hastened to remedy this state of things, by placing on the floor several receivers containing

caustic potash, which he shook about for a time, and this substance, greedy of carbonic acid, soon completely

An inventory of instruments was then begun. The thermometers and barometers had resisted, all but one

minimum thermometer, the glass of which was broken. An excellent aneroid was drawn from the wadded box

which contained it and hung on the wall. Of course it was only affected by and marked the pressure of the air

inside the projectile, but it also showed the quantity of moisture which it contained. At that moment its needle

Barbicane had also brought several compasses, which he found intact. One must understand that under

present conditions their needles were acting wildly, that is without any constant direction. Indeed, at the

distance they were from the earth, the magnetic pole could have no perceptible action upon the apparatus; but

the box placed on the lunar disc might perhaps exhibit some strange phenomena. In any case it would be

interesting to see whether the earth's satellite submitted like herself to its magnetic influence.

A hypsometer to measure the height of the lunar mountains, a sextant to take the height of the sun, glasses

which would be useful as they neared the moon, all these instruments were carefully looked over, and

As to the pickaxes and different tools which were Nicholl's especial choice; as to the sacks of different kinds

of grain and shrubs which Michel Ardan hoped to transplant into Selenite ground, they were stowed away in

the upper part of the projectile. There was a sort of granary there, loaded with things which the extravagant

Frenchman had heaped up. What they were no one knew, and the goodtempered fellow did not explain.

Now and then he climbed up by crampirons riveted to the walls, but kept the inspection to himself. He

arranged and rearranged, he plunged his hand rapidly into certain mysterious boxes, singing in one of the

Barbicane observed with some interest that his guns and other arms had not been damaged. These were

important, because, heavily loaded, they were to help lessen the fall of the projectile, when drawn by the

lunar attraction (after having passed the point of neutral attraction) on to the moon's surface; a fall which

ought to be six times less rapid than it would have been on the earth's surface, thanks to the difference of

bulk. The inspection ended with general satisfaction, when each returned to watch space through the side

There was the same view. The whole extent of the celestial sphere swarmed with stars and constellations of

wonderful purity, enough to drive an astronomer out of his mind! On one side the sun, like the mouth of a

lighted oven, a dazzling disc without a halo, standing out on the dark background of the sky! On the other, the

moon returning its fire by reflection, and apparently motionless in the midst of the starry world. Then, a large

spot seemingly nailed to the firmament, bordered by a silvery cord; it was the earth! Here and there nebulous

masses like large flakes of starry snow; and from the zenith to the nadir, an immense ring formed by an

impalpable dust of stars, the "Milky Way," in the midst of which the sun ranks only as a star of the fourth

magnitude. The observers could not take their eyes from this novel spectacle, of which no description could

give an adequate idea. What reflections it suggested! What emotions hitherto unknown awoke in their souls!

Barbicane wished to begin the relation of his journey while under its first impressions, and hour after hour

took notes of all facts happening in the beginning of the enterprise. He wrote quietly, with his large square

During this time Nicholl, the calculator, looked over the minutes of their passage, and worked out figures

with unparalleled dexterity. Michel Ardan chatted first with Barbicane, who did not answer him, and then

with Nicholl, who did not hear him, with Diana, who understood none of his theories, and lastly with himself,

questioning and answering, going and coming, busy with a thousand details; at one time bent over the lower

glass, at another roosting in the heights of the projectile, and always singing. In this microcosm he

represented French loquacity and excitability, and we beg you to believe that they were well represented. The

day, or rather (for the expression is not correct) the lapse of twelve hours, which forms a day upon the earth,

closed with a plentiful supper carefully prepared. No accident of any nature had yet happened to shake the

travelers' confidence; so, full of hope, already sure of success, they slept peacefully, while the projectile

The night passed without incident. The word "night," however, is scarcely applicable.

The position of the projectile with regard to the sun did not change. Astronomically, it was daylight on the

lower part, and night on the upper; so when during this narrative these words are used, they represent the

The travelers' sleep was rendered more peaceful by the projectile's excessive speed, for it seemed absolutely

motionless. Not a motion betrayed its onward course through space. The rate of progress, however rapid it

might be, cannot produce any sensible effect on the human frame when it takes place in a vacuum, or when

the mass of air circulates with the body which is carried with it. What inhabitant of the earth perceives its

speed, which, however, is at the rate of 68,000 miles per hour? Motion under such conditions is "felt" no

more than repose; and when a body is in repose it will remain so as long as no strange force displaces it; if

moving, it will not stop unless an obstacle comes in its way. This indifference to motion or repose is called

Barbicane and his companions might have believed themselves perfectly stationary, being shut up in the

projectile; indeed, the effect would have been the same if they had been on the outside of it. Had it not been

for the moon, which was increasing above them, they might have sworn that they were floating in complete

That morning, the 3rd of December, the travelers were awakened by a joyous but unexpected noise; it was the

crowing of a cock which sounded through the car. Michel Ardan, who was the first on his feet, climbed to the

top of the projectile, and shutting a box, the lid of which was partly open, said in a low voice, "Will you hold

"Why no, my friends," Michel answered quickly; "it was I who wished to awake you by this rural sound." So

saying, he gave vent to a splendid cockadoodledoo, which would have done honor to the proudest of

"Yes," said Michel; "a joke in my country. It is very Gallic; they play the cock so in the best society."

"Of our Cambridge friends. You have already remarked that I am an ignoramus in mathematical subjects; and

it is impossible for me to find out how the savants of the observatory were able to calculate what initiatory

speed the projectile ought to have on leaving the Columbiad in order to attain the moon."

"You mean to say," replied Barbicane, "to attain that neutral point where the terrestrial and lunar attractions

are equal; for, starting from that point, situated about ninetenths of the distance traveled over, the projectile

"So be it," said Michel; "but, once more; how could they calculate the initiatory speed?"

"Perfectly. Nicholl and I would have made it, if the observatory had not saved us the trouble."

"Very well, old Barbicane," replied Michel; "they might have cut off my head, beginning at my feet, before

"Ah, there you are, you eaters of x^1; you think you have said all when you have said `Algebra.'"

"Michel," said Barbicane, "can you use a forge without a hammer, or a plow without a plowshare?"

"Well, algebra is a tool, like the plow or the hammer, and a good tool to those who know how to use it."

"Yes, my worthy friend; taking into consideration all the elements of the problem, the distance from the

center of the earth to the center of the moon, of the radius of the earth, of its bulk, and of the bulk of the

moon, I can tell exactly what ought to be the initiatory speed of the projectile, and that by a simple formula."

"You shall see it; only I shall not give you the real course drawn by the projectile between the moon and the

earth in considering their motion round the sun. No, I shall consider these two orbs as perfectly motionless,

"Because it will be trying to solve the problem called `the problem of the three bodies,' for which the integral

"Then," said Michel Ardan, in his sly tone, "mathematics have not said their last word?"

"Well, perhaps the Selenites have carried the integral calculus farther than you have; and, by the bye, what is

"It is a calculation the converse of the differential," replied Barbicane seriously.

"And now," continued Barbicane, "a slip of paper and a bit of pencil, and before a halfhour is over I will

Half an hour had not elapsed before Barbicane, raising his head, showed Michel Ardan a page covered with

"Of course, Michel," replied the captain. "All these signs, which seem cabalistic to you, form the plainest, the

"And you pretend, Nicholl," asked Michel, "that by means of these hieroglyphics, more incomprehensible

than the Egyptian Ibis, you can find what initiatory speed it was necessary to give the projectile?"

"Incontestably," replied Nicholl; "and even by this same formula I can always tell you its speed at any point

"No, Michel; the difficult part is what Barbicane has done; that is, to get an equation which shall satisfy all

the conditions of the problem. The remainder is only a question of arithmetic, requiring merely the

"That is something!" replied Michel Ardan, who for his life could not do addition right, and who defined the

"The expression v zero, which you see in that equation, is the speed which the projectile will have on leaving

"Just so," said Nicholl; "it is from that point that we must calculate the velocity, since we know already that

the velocity at departure was exactly one and a half times more than on leaving the atmosphere."

"That means, that when our projectile reached the limits of the terrestrial atmosphere it had already lost

"Yes, my friend; merely by friction against the atmospheric strata. You understand that the faster it goes the

"That I admit," answered Michel; "and I understand it, although your x's and zero's, and algebraic formula,

"First effects of algebra," replied Barbicane; "and now, to finish, we are going to prove the given number of

Barbicane took the paper, and began to make his calculations with great rapidity. Nicholl looked over and

"And now," said Nicholl, "to find out the speed of the projectile when it leaves the atmosphere, we have only

The captain, as a practical man equal to all difficulties, began to write with frightful rapidity. Divisions and

multiplications grew under his fingers; the figures were like hail on the white page. Barbicane watched him,

"Well!" replied Nicholl; every calculation made, v zero, that is to say, the speed necessary for the projectile

on leaving the atmosphere, to enable it to reach the equal point of attraction, ought to be"

"What is the matter! why, if at this moment our speed had already diminished onethird by friction, the

"And the Cambridge Observatory declared that twelve thousand yards was enough at starting; and our

"In the name of the projectile!" exclaimed Michel Ardan, jumping as if it was already on the point of striking

This revelation came like a thunderbolt. Who could have expected such an error in calculation? Barbicane

would not believe it. Nicholl revised his figures: they were exact. As to the formula which had determined

them, they could not suspect its truth; it was evident that an initiatory velocity of seventeen thousand yards in

The three friends looked at each other silently. There was no thought of breakfast. Barbicane, with clenched

teeth, knitted brows, and hands clasped convulsively, was watching through the window. Nicholl had crossed

"That is just like these scientific men: they never do anything else. I would give twenty pistoles if we could

fall upon the Cambridge Observatory and crush it, together with the whole lot of dabblers in figures which it

Suddenly a thought struck the captain, which he at once communicated to Barbicane.

"Ah!" said he; "it is seven o'clock in the morning; we have already been gone thirtytwo hours; more than

Barbicane did not answer, but after a rapid glance at the captain, took a pair of compasses wherewith to

measure the angular distance of the terrestrial globe; then from the lower window he took an exact

observation, and noticed that the projectile was apparently stationary. Then rising and wiping his forehead, on

which large drops of perspiration were standing, he put some figures on paper. Nicholl understood that the

president was deducting from the terrestrial diameter the projectile's distance from the earth. He watched him

"No," exclaimed Barbicane, after some moments, "no, we are not falling! no, we are already more than

50,000 leagues from the earth. We have passed the point at which the projectile would have stopped if its

"That is evident," replied Nicholl; "and we must conclude that our initial speed, under the power of the

400,000 pounds of guncotton, must have exceeded the required 12,000 yards. Now I can understand how,

after thirteen minutes only, we met the second satellite, which gravitates round the earth at more than 2,000

"And this explanation is the more probable," added Barbicane, "Because, in throwing off the water enclosed

between its partitionbreaks, the projectile found itself lightened of a considerable weight."

"Very well then," said Michel Ardan quietly; "as we are safe, let us have breakfast."

Nicholl was not mistaken. The initial speed had been, very fortunately, much above that estimated by the

Cambridge Observatory; but the Cambridge Observatory had nevertheless made a mistake.

The travelers, recovered from this false alarm, breakfasted merrily. If they ate a good deal, they talked more.

"Why should we not succeed?" said Michel Ardan; "why should we not arrive safely? We are launched; we

have no obstacle before us, no stones in the way; the road is open, more so than that of a ship battling with

the sea; more open than that of a balloon battling with the wind; and if a ship can reach its destination, a

"If only to do honor to the Americans," added Michel Ardan, "the only people who could bring such an

enterprise to a happy termination, and the only one which could produce a President Barbicane. Ah, now we

are no longer uneasy, I begin to think, What will become of us? We shall get right royally weary."

"But I have provided for the contingency, my friends," replied Michel; "you have only to speak, and I have

chess, draughts, cards, and dominoes at your disposal; nothing is wanting but a billiardtable."

"Certainly," replied Michel, "and not only to distract ourselves, but also with the laudable intention of

"My friend," said Barbicane, "if the moon is inhabited, its inhabitants must have appeared some thousands of

years before those of the earth, for we cannot doubt that their star is much older than ours. If then these

Selenites have existed their hundreds of thousands of years, and if their brain is of the same organization of

the human brain, they have already invented all that we have invented, and even what we may invent in

future ages. They have nothing to learn from us, and we have everything to learn from them."

"What!" said Michel; "you believe that they have artists like Phidias, Michael Angelo, or Raphael?"

"Then, friend Barbicane, if they are as strong as we are, and even stronger these Selenites why have

they not tried to communicate with the earth? why have they not launched a lunar projectile to our terrestrial

"Indeed," added Nicholl, "it would be easier for them than for us, for two reasons; first, because the attraction

on the moon's surface is six times less than on that of the earth, which would allow a projectile to rise more

easily; secondly, because it would be enough to send such a projectile only at 8,000 leagues instead of

80,000, which would require the force of projection to be ten times less strong."

"My friend," replied Barbicane, "the sea covers fivesixths of our globe. From that we may draw five good

reasons for supposing that the lunar projectile, if ever launched, is now at the bottom of the Atlantic or the

Pacific, unless it sped into some crevasse at that period when the crust of the earth was not yet hardened."

"Old Barbicane," said Michel, "you have an answer for everything, and I bow before your wisdom. But there

is one hypothesis that would suit me better than all the others, which is, the Selenites, being older than we,

At this moment Diana joined in the conversation by a sonorous barking. She was asking for her breakfast.

"Ah!" said Michel Ardan, "in our discussion we have forgotten Diana and Satellite."

"Do you see, Barbicane," said Michel, "we should have made a second Noah's ark of this projectile, and

"The fact is," replied Nicholl, "that cows, bulls, and horses, and all ruminants, would have been very useful

on the lunar continent, but unfortunately the car could neither have been made a stable nor a shed."

"Well, we might have at least brought a donkey, only a little donkey; that courageous beast which old Silenus

loved to mount. I love those old donkeys; they are the least favored animals in creation; they are not only

"How do you make that out?" asked Barbicane. "Why," said Michel, "they make their skins into drums."

Barbicane and Nicholl could not help laughing at this ridiculous remark. But a cry from their merry

companion stopped them. The latter was leaning over the spot where Satellite lay. He rose, saying:

"No," answered Michel, "he is dead! There," added he, in a piteous tone, "that is embarrassing. I much fear,

Indeed the unfortunate Satellite had not survived its wound. It was quite dead. Michel Ardan looked at his

"One question presents itself," said Barbicane. "We cannot keep the dead body of this dog with us for the

"No! certainly not," replied Nicholl; "but our scuttles are fixed on hinges; they can be let down. We will open

"For two reasons which you will understand," answered Barbicane. "The first relates to the air shut up in the

"Only in part. We make only the oxygen, my worthy Michel; and with regard to that, we must watch that the

apparatus does not furnish the oxygen in too great a quantity; for an excess would bring us very serious

physiological troubles. But if we make the oxygen, we do not make the azote, that medium which the lungs

do not absorb, and which ought to remain intact; and that azote will escape rapidly through the open scuttles."

"The second reason is that we must not let the outer cold, which is excessive, penetrate the projectile or we

"The sun warms our projectile, which absorbs its rays; but it does not warm the vacuum in which we are

floating at this moment. Where there is no air, there is no more heat than diffused light; and the same with

darkness; it is cold where the sun's rays do not strike direct. This temperature is only the temperature

produced by the radiation of the stars; that is to say, what the terrestrial globe would undergo if the sun

"Who knows?" said Michel Ardan. "But, in admitting that the sun does not go out, might it not happen that

"And," continued Michel, "do we not know that in 1861 the earth passed through the tail of a comet? Or let

us suppose a comet whose power of attraction is greater than that of the sun. The terrestrial orbit will bend

toward the wandering star, and the earth, becoming its satellite, will be drawn such a distance that the rays of

"That might happen, indeed," replied Barbicane, "but the consequences of such a displacement need not be so

"Because the heat and cold would be equalized on our globe. It has been calculated that, had our earth been

carried along in its course by the comet of 1861, at its perihelion, that is, its nearest approach to the sun, it

would have undergone a heat 28,000 times greater than that of summer. But this heat, which is sufficient to

evaporate the waters, would have formed a thick ring of cloud, which would have modified that excessive

temperature; hence the compensation between the cold of the aphelion and the heat of the perihelion."

"At how many degrees," asked Nicholl, "is the temperature of the planetary spaces estimated?"

"Formerly," replied Barbicane, "it was greatly exagerated; but now, after the calculations of Fourier, of the

French Academy of Science, it is not supposed to exceed 60@ Centigrade below zero."

"It is very much," replied Barbicane; "the temperature which was observed in the polar regions, at Melville

"If I mistake not," said Nicholl, "M. Pouillet, another savant, estimates the temperature of space at 250@

Fahrenheit below zero. We shall, however, be able to verify these calculations for ourselves."

"Not at present; because the solar rays, beating directly upon our thermometer, would give, on the contrary, a

very high temperature. But, when we arrive in the moon, during its fifteen days of night at either face, we

"The ether, my friend, is an agglomeration of imponderable atoms, which, relatively to their dimensions, are

as far removed from each other as the celestial bodies are in space. It is these atoms which, by their vibratory

They now proceeded to the burial of Satellite. They had merely to drop him into space, in the same way that

sailors drop a body into the sea; but, as President Barbicane suggested, they must act quickly, so as to lose as

little as possible of that air whose elasticity would rapidly have spread it into space. The bolts of the right

scuttle, the opening of which measured about twelve inches across, were carefully drawn, while Michel, quite

grieved, prepared to launch his dog into space. The glass, raised by a powerful lever, which enabled it to

overcome the pressure of the inside air on the walls of the projectile, turned rapidly on its hinges, and

Satellite was thrown out. Scarcely a particle of air could have escaped, and the operation was so successful

that later on Barbicane did not fear to dispose of the rubbish which encumbered the car.

On the 4th of December, when the travelers awoke after fiftyfour hours' journey, the chronometer marked

five o'clock of the terrestrial morning. In time it was just over five hours and forty minutes, half of that

assigned to their sojourn in the projectile; but they had already accomplished nearly seventenths of the way.

Now when they observed the earth through the lower window, it looked like nothing more than a dark spot,

drowned in the solar rays. No more crescent, no more cloudy light! The next day, at midnight, the earth

would be new, at the very moment when the moon would be full. Above, the orb of night was nearing the line

followed by the projectile, so as to meet it at the given hour. All around the black vault was studded with

brilliant points, which seemed to move slowly; but, at the great distance they were from them, their relative

size did not seem to change. The sun and stars appeared exactly as they do to us upon earth. As to the moon,

she was considerably larger; but the travelers' glasses, not very powerful, did not allow them as yet to make

any useful observations upon her surface, or reconnoiter her topographically or geologically.

Thus the time passed in neverending conversations all about the moon. Each one brought forward his own

contingent of particular facts; Barbicane and Nicholl always serious, Michel Ardan always enthusiastic. The

projectile, its situation, its direction, incidents which might happen, the precautions necessitated by their fall

As they were breakfasting, a question of Michel's, relating to the projectile, provoked rather a curious answer

from Barbicane, which is worth repeating. Michel, supposing it to be roughly stopped, while still under its

formidable initial speed, wished to know what the consequences of the stoppage would have been.

"It is an impossible supposition," said the practical Barbicane; "unless that impulsive force had failed; but

even then its speed would diminish by degrees, and it would not have stopped suddenly."

"Then," said Nicholl, "the projectile would have been broken into a thousand pieces, and we with it."

"Burned?" exclaimed Michel, "by Jove! I am sorry it did not happen, `just to see.'"

"And you would have seen," replied Barbicane. "It is known now that heat is only a modification of motion.

When water is warmed that is to say, when heat is added to itits particles are set in motion."

"And a true one, my worthy friend; for it explains every phenomenon of caloric. Heat is but the motion of

atoms, a simple oscillation of the particles of a body. When they apply the brake to a train, the train comes to

a stop; but what becomes of the motion which it had previously possessed? It is transformed into heat, and

the brake becomes hot. Why do they grease the axles of the wheels? To prevent their heating, because this

"Yes, I understand," replied Michel, "perfectly. For example, when I have run a long time, when I am

swimming, when I am perspiring in large drops, why am I obliged to stop? Simply because my motion is

Barbicane could not help smiling at Michel's reply; then, returning to his theory, said:

"Thus, in case of a shock, it would have been with our projectile as with a ball which falls in a burning state

after having struck the metal plate; it is its motion which is turned into heat. Consequently I affirm that, if our

projectile had struck the meteor, its speed thus suddenly checked would have raised a heat great enough to

"Then," asked Nicholl, "what would happen if the earth's motion were to stop suddenly?"

"Her temperature would be raised to such a pitch," said Barbicane, "that she would be at once reduced to

"Well," said Michel, "that is a way of ending the earth which will greatly simplify things."

"According to calculation," replied Barbicane, "the fall would develop a heat equal to that produced by

"Good additional heat for the sun," replied Michel Ardan, "of which the inhabitants of Uranus or Neptune

would doubtless not complain; they must be perished with cold on their planets."

"Thus, my friends," said Barbicane, "all motion suddenly stopped produces heat. And this theory allows us to

infer that the heat of the solar disc is fed by a hail of meteors falling incessantly on its surface. They have

"They have even calculated," continued the imperturbable Barbicane, "that the shock of each meteor on the

sun ought to produce a heat equal to that of 4,000 masses of coal of an equal bulk."

"It is equal to that produced by the combustion of a stratum of coal surrounding the sun to a depth of

"Would be able to boil two billions nine hundred millions of cubic myriameters [2] of water."

"No," replied Barbicane, "because the terrestrial atmosphere absorbs fourtenths of the solar heat; besides,

the quantity of heat intercepted by the earth is but a billionth part of the entire radiation."

"I see that all is for the best," said Michel, "and that this atmosphere is a useful invention; for it not only

"Bah!" said Michel, always hopeful. "If there are inhabitants, they must breathe. If there are no longer any,

they must have left enough oxygen for three people, if only at the bottom of ravines, where its own weight

will cause it to accumulate, and we will not climb the mountains; that is all." And Michel, rising, went to look

"And to compensate that," said Barbicane, "the nights have the same length; and as heat is restored by

"A pretty country, that!" exclaimed Michel. "Never mind! I wish I was there! Ah! my dear comrades, it will

be rather curious to have the earth for our moon, to see it rise on the horizon, to recognize the shape of its

continents, and to say to oneself, `There is America, there is Europe;' then to follow it when it is about to lose

"Yes, eclipses of the sun," replied Barbicane, "when the centers of the three orbs are on a line, the earth being

in the middle. But they are only partial, during which the earth, cast like a screen upon the solar disc, allows

"And why," asked Nicholl, "is there no total eclipse? Does not the cone of the shadow cast by the earth

"Yes, if we do not take into consideration the refraction produced by the terrestrial atmosphere. No, if we

take that refraction into consideration. Thus let be the horizontal parallel, and p the apparent

"Very well, replied Barbicane; "in popular language the mean distance from the moon to the earth being sixty

terrestrial radii, the length of the cone of the shadow, on account of refraction, is reduced to less than

fortytwo radii. The result is that when there are eclipses, the moon finds itself beyond the cone of pure

shadow, and that the sun sends her its rays, not only from its edges, but also from its center."

"Then," said Michel, in a merry tone, "why are there eclipses, when there ought not to be any?"

"Simply because the solar rays are weakened by this refraction, and the atmosphere through which they pass

"That reason satisfies me," replied Michel. "Besides we shall see when we get there. Now, tell me, Barbicane,

"Yes," replied Michel, with an amiable swagger, "I have a few ideas of that sort."

"No doubt about it. According to the ancients, the Arcadians pretend that their ancestors inhabited the earth

before the moon became her satellite. Starting from this fact, some scientific men have seen in the moon a

comet whose orbit will one day bring it so near to the earth that it will be held there by its attraction."

"None whatever," said Barbicane, "and the proof is, that the moon has preserved no trace of the gaseous

"But," continued Nicholl, "Before becoming the earth's satellite, could not the moon, when in her perihelion,

pass so near the sun as by evaporation to get rid of all those gaseous substances?"

"Ah!" exclaimed Michel, "what hundred of volumes we might make of all that we do not know!"

"How time goes," said Michel, "in the conversation of scientific men such as we are! Certainly, I feel I know

Saying which, Michel hoisted himself to the roof of the projectile, "to observe the moon better," he

pretended. During this time his companions were watching through the lower glass. Nothing new to note!

When Michel Ardan came down, he went to the side scuttle; and suddenly they heard an exclamation of

The president approached the window, and saw a sort of flattened sack floating some yards from the

projectile. This object seemed as motionless as the projectile, and was consequently animated with the same

"What is that machine?" continued Michel Ardan. "Is it one of the bodies which our projectile keeps within

"What astonishes me," said Nicholl, "is that the specific weight of the body, which is certainly less than that

"Nicholl," replied Barbicane, after a moment's reflection, "I do not know what the object it, but I do know

"Because we are floating in space, my dear captain, and in space bodies fall or move (which is the same

thing) with equal speed whatever be their weight or form; it is the air, which by its resistance creates these

differences in weight. When you create a vacuum in a tube, the objects you send through it, grains of dust or

grains of lead, fall with the same rapidity. Here in space is the same cause and the same effect."

"Just so," said Nicholl, "and everything we throw out of the projectile will accompany it until it reaches the

"Because we might have filled the projectile with useful objects, books, instruments, tools, etc. We could

have thrown them all out, and all would have followed in our train. But happy thought! Why cannot we walk

outside like the meteor? Why cannot we launch into space through the scuttle? What enjoyment it would be

to feel oneself thus suspended in ether, more favored than the birds who must use their wings to keep

"But if it did not fail, Michel, your density being less than that of the projectile, you would soon be left

"I know, I guess, what this pretended meteor is! It is no asteroid which is accompanying us! It is not a piece

Indeed, this deformed, unrecognizable object, reduced to nothing, was the body of Satellite, flattened like a

Thus a phenomenon, curious but explicable, was happening under these strange conditions.

Every object thrown from the projectile would follow the same course and never stop until it did. There was a

Besides, the excitement of the three travelers increased as they drew near the end of their journey. They

expected unforseen incidents, and new phenomena; and nothing would have astonished them in the frame of

mind they then were in. Their overexcited imagination went faster than the projectile, whose speed was

evidently diminishing, though insensibly to themselves. But the moon grew larger to their eyes, and they

The next day, the 5th of November, at five in the morning, all three were on foot. That day was to be the last

of their journey, if all calculations were true. That very night, at twelve o'clock, in eighteen hours, exactly at

the full moon, they would reach its brilliant disc. The next midnight would see that journey ended, the most

extraordinary of ancient or modern times. Thus from the first of the morning, through the scuttles silvered by

The moon was advancing majestically along the starry firmament. A few more degrees, and she would reach

According to his own observations, Barbicane reckoned that they would land on her northern hemisphere,

where stretch immense plains, and where mountains are rare. A favorable circumstance if, as they thought,

"Besides," observed Michel Ardan, "a plain is easier to disembark upon than a mountain. A Selenite,

deposited in Europe on the summit of Mont Blanc, or in Asia on the top of the Himalayas, would not be quite

"And," added Captain Nicholl, "on a flat ground, the projectile will remain motionless when it has once

touched; whereas on a declivity it would roll like an avalanche, and not being squirrels we should not come

Indeed, the success of the audacious attempt no longer appeared doubtful. But Barbicane was preoccupied

with one thought; but not wishing to make his companions uneasy, he kept silence on this subject.

The direction the projectile was taking toward the moon's northern hemisphere, showed that her course had

been slightly altered. The discharge, mathematically calculated, would carry the projectile to the very center

of the lunar disc. If it did not land there, there must have been some deviation. What had caused it? Barbicane

could neither imagine nor determine the importance of the deviation, for there were no points to go by.

He hoped, however, that it would have no other result than that of bringing them nearer the upper border of

Without imparting his uneasiness to his companions, Barbicane contented himself with constantly observing

the moon, in order to see whether the course of the projectile would not be altered; for the situation would

have been terrible if it failed in its aim, and being carried beyond the disc should be launched into

interplanetary space. At that moment, the moon, instead of appearing flat like a disc, showed its convexity. If

the sun's rays had struck it obliquely, the shadow thrown would have brought out the high mountains, which

would have been clearly detached. The eye might have gazed into the crater's gaping abysses, and followed

the capricious fissures which wound through the immense plains. But all relief was as yet leveled in intense

brilliancy. They could scarcely distinguish those large spots which give the moon the appearance of a human

"Face, indeed!" said Michel Ardan; "but I am sorry for the amiable sister of Apollo. A very pitted face!"

But the travelers, now so near the end, were incessantly observing this new world. They imagined themselves

walking through its unknown countries, climbing its highest peaks, descending into its lowest depths. Here

and there they fancied they saw vast seas, scarcely kept together under so rarefied an atmosphere, and

watercourses emptying the mountain tributaries. Leaning over the abyss, they hoped to catch some sounds

They took down the most trifling details. A vague uneasiness took possession of them as they neared the end.

This uneasiness would have been doubled had they felt how their speed had decreased. It would have seemed

to them quite insufficient to carry them to the end. It was because the projectile then "weighed" almost

nothing. Its weight was ever decreasing, and would be entirely annihilated on that line where the lunar and

But in spite of his preoccupation, Michel Ardan did not forget to prepare the morning repast with his

accustomed punctuality. They ate with a good appetite. Nothing was so excellent as the soup liquefied by the

heat of the gas; nothing better than the preserved meat. Some glasses of good French wine crowned the

repast, causing Michel Ardan to remark that the lunar vines, warmed by that ardent sun, ought to distill even

more generous wines; that is, if they existed. In any case, the farseeing Frenchman had taken care not to

forget in his collection some precious cuttings of the Medoc and Cote d'Or, upon which he founded his hopes.

Reiset and Regnaut's apparatus worked with great regularity. Not an atom of carbonic acid resisted the

potash; and as to the oxygen, Captain Nicholl said "it was of the first quality." The little watery vapor

enclosed in the projectile mixing with the air tempered the dryness; and many apartments in London, Paris, or

But that it might act with regularity, the apparatus must be kept in perfect order; so each morning Michel

visited the escape regulators, tried the taps, and regulated the heat of the gas by the pyrometer. Everything

had gone well up to that time, and the travelers, imitating the worthy Joseph T. Maston, began to acquire a

degree of embonpoint which would have rendered them unrecognizable if their imprisonment had been

prolonged to some months. In a word, they behaved like chickens in a coop; they were getting fat.

In looking through the scuttle Barbicane saw the specter of the dog, and other divers objects which had been

thrown from the projectile, obstinately following them. Diana howled lugubriously on seeing the remains of

"Do you know, my friends," said Michel Ardan, "that if one of us had succumbed to the shock consequent on

departure, we should have had a great deal of trouble to bury him? What am I saying? to etherize him, as here

ether takes the place of earth. You see the accusing body would have followed us into space like a remorse."

"Ah!" continued Michel, "what I regret is not being able to take a walk outside. What voluptuousness to float

amid this radiant ether, to bathe oneself in it, to wrap oneself in the sun's pure rays. If Barbicane had only

thought of furnishing us with a diving apparatus and an airpump, I could have ventured out and assumed

"Well, old Michel," replied Barbicane, "you would not have made a feigned monster long, for in spite of your

diver's dress, swollen by the expansion of air within you, you would have burst like a shell, or rather like a

balloon which has risen too high. So do not regret it, and do not forget this as long as we float in space, all

Michel Ardan allowed himself to be convinced to a certain extent. He admitted that the thing was difficult but

The conversation passed from this subject to another, not failing him for an instant. It seemed to the three

friends as though, under present conditions, ideas shot up in their brains as leaves shoot at the first warmth of

spring. They felt bewildered. In the middle of the questions and answers which crossed each other, Nicholl

"Ah, indeed!" said he; "it is all very well to go to the moon, but how to get back again?"

His two interlocutors looked surprised. One would have thought that this possibility now occurred to them for

"To ask for means to leave a country," added Michel, "When we have not yet arrived there, seems to me

"I do not say that, wishing to draw back," replied Nicholl; "but I repeat my question, and I ask, `How shall we

"And I," said Michel, "if I had known how to return, I would never have started."

"I quite approve of Michel's words," said Barbicane; "and add, that the question has no real interest. Later,

when we think it is advisable to return, we will take counsel together. If the Columbiad is not there, the

"The gun," replied Barbicane, "can be manufactured. The powder can be made. Neither metals, saltpeter, nor

coal can fail in the depths of the moon, and we need only go 8,000 leagues in order to fall upon the terrestrial

"Enough," said Michel with animation. "Let it be no longer a question of returning: we have already

entertained it too long. As to communicating with our former earthly colleagues, that will not be difficult."

"Well thought of, Michel," said Barbicane in a convinced tone of voice. "Laplace has calculated that a force

five times greater than that of our gun would suffice to send a meteor from the moon to the earth, and there is

"Hurrah!" exclaimed Michel; "these meteors are handy postmen, and cost nothing. And how we shall be able

"A capital idea. Why did we not fasten a thread to our projectile, and we could have exchanged telegrams

"The deuce!" answered Nicholl. "Do you consider the weight of a thread 250,000 miles long nothing?"

"As nothing. They could have trebled the Columbiad's charge; they could have quadrupled or quintupled it!"

"There is but one little objection to make to your proposition," replied Barbicane, "which is that, during the

rotary motion of the globe, our thread would have wound itself round it like a chain on a capstan, and that it

"By the thirtynine stars of the Union!" said Michel, "I have nothing but impracticable ideas today; ideas

worthy of J. T. Maston. But I have a notion that, if we do not return to earth, J. T. Maston will be able to

"Yes, he'll come," replied Barbicane; "he is a worthy and a courageous comrade. Besides, what is easier? Is

not the Columbiad still buried in the soil of Florida? Is cotton and nitric acid wanted wherewith to

manufacture the pyroxyle? Will not the moon pass the zenith of Florida? In eighteen years' time will she not

"Yes," continued Michel, "yes, Maston will come, and with him our friends Elphinstone, Blomsberry, all the

members of the Gun Club, and they will be well received. And by and by they will run trains of projectiles

It is probable that, if the Hon. J. T. Maston did not hear the hurrahs uttered in his honor, his ears at least

tingled. What was he doing then? Doubtless, posted in the Rocky Mountains, at the station of Long's Peak, he

was trying to find the invisible projectile gravitating in space. If he was thinking of his dear companions, we

must allow that they were not far behind him; and that, under the influence of a strange excitement, they were

But whence this excitement, which was evidently growing upon the tenants of the projectile? Their sobriety

could not be doubted. This strange irritation of the brain, must it be attributed to the peculiar circumstances

under which they found themselves, to their proximity to the orb of night, from which only a few hours

separated them, to some secret influence of the moon acting upon their nervous system? Their faces were as

rosy as if they had been exposed to the roaring flames of an oven; their voices resounded in loud accents;

their words escaped like a champagne cork driven out by carbonic acid; their gestures became annoying, they

wanted so much room to perform them; and, strange to say, they none of them noticed this great tension of

"Now," said Nicholl, in a short tone, "now that I do not know whether we shall ever return from the moon, I

"What we are going to do there?" replied Barbicane, stamping with his foot as if he was in a fencing saloon;

"You do not know!" exclaimed Michel, with a bellow which provoked a sonorous echo in the projectile.

"No, I have not even thought about it," retorted Barbicane, in the same loud tone.

"Speak, then," cried Nicholl, who could no longer contain the growling of his voice.

"I shall speak if it suits me," exclaimed Michel, seizing his companions' arms with violence.

"It must suit you," said Barbicane, with an eye on fire and a threatening hand. "It was you who drew us into

"Yes," said the captain, "now that I do not know where I am going, I want to know why I am going."

"Why?" exclaimed Michel, jumping a yard high, "why? To take possession of the moon in the name of the

United States; to add a fortieth State to the Union; to colonize the lunar regions; to cultivate them, to people

them, to transport thither all the prodigies of art, of science, and industry; to civilize the Selenites, unless they

are more civilized than we are; and to constitute them a republic, if they are not already one!"

"And if there are no Selenites?" retorted Nicholl, who, under the influence of this unaccountable intoxication,

"Who said that there were no Selenites?" exclaimed Michel in a threatening tone.

"Captain," said Michel, "do not repreat that insolence, or I will knock your teeth down your throat!"

The two adversaries were going to fall upon each other, and the incoherent discussion threatened to merge

"Stop, miserable men," said he, separating his two companions; "if there are no Selenites, we will do without

"Yes," exclaimed Michel, who was not particular; "yes, we will do without them. We have only to make

"Very well, a president elected by the congress," cried Michel; "and as I am the congress, you are

Then the president and the senate struck up in a tremendous voice the popular song "Yankee Doodle," while

Then they struck up a frantic dance, with maniacal gestures, idiotic stampings, and somersaults like those of

the boneless clowns in the circus. Diana, joining in the dance, and howling in her turn, jumped to the top of

the projectile. An unaccountable flapping of wings was then heard amid most fantastic cockcrows, while

Then the three traveling companions, acted upon by some unaccountable influence above that of intoxication,

inflamed by the air which had set their respiratory apparatus on fire, fell motionless to the bottom of the

What had happened? Whence the cause of this singular intoxication, the consequences of which might have

been very disastrous? A simple blunder of Michel's, which, fortunately, Nicholl was able to correct in time.

After a perfect swoon, which lasted some minutes, the captain, recovering first, soon collected his scattered

senses. Although he had breakfasted only two hours before, he felt a gnawing hunger, as if he had not eaten

anything for several days. Everything about him, stomach and brain, were overexcited to the highest degree.

He got up and demanded from Michel a supplementary repast. Michel, utterly done up, did not answer.

Nicholl then tried to prepare some tea destined to help the absorption of a dozen sandwiches. He first tried to

get some fire, and struck a match sharply. What was his surprise to see the sulphur shine with so

extraordinary a brilliancy as to be almost unbearable to the eye. From the gasburner which he lit rose a

A revelation dawned on Nicholl's mind. That intensity of light, the physiological troubles which had arisen in

him, the overexcitement of all his moral and quarrelsome faculties he understood all.

And leaning over the air apparatus, he saw that the tap was allowing the colorless gas to escape freely,

lifegiving, but in its pure state producing the gravest disorders in the system. Michel had blunderingly

Nicholl hastened to stop the escape of oxygen with which the atmosphere was saturated, which would have

been the death of the travelers, not by suffocation, but by combustion. An hour later, the air less charged with

it restored the lungs to their normal condition. By degrees the three friends recovered from their intoxication;

but they were obliged to sleep themselves sober over their oxygen as a drunkard does over his wine.

When Michel learned his share of the responsibility of this incident, he was not much disconcerted. This

unexpected drunkenness broke the monotony of the journey. Many foolish things had been said while under

"And then," added the merry Frenchman, "I am not sorry to have tasted a little of this heady gas. Do you

know, my friends, that a curious establishment might be founded with rooms of oxygen, where people whose

system is weakened could for a few hours live a more active life. Fancy parties where the room was saturated

with this heroic fluid, theaters where it should be kept at high pressure; what passion in the souls of the actors

and spectators! what fire, what enthusiasm! And if, instead of an assembly only a whole people could be

saturated, what activity in its functions, what a supplement to life it would derive. From an exhausted nation

they might make a great and strong one, and I know more than one state in old Europe which ought to put

Michel spoke with so much animation that one might have fancied that the tap was still too open. But a few

"That is all very well, friend Michel," said he, "but will you inform us where these chickens came from which

Indeed, half a dozen chickens and a fine cock were walking about, flapping their wings and chattering.

"A joke, my worthy president, a simple joke, which has proved a miserable failure. I wanted to set them free

on the lunar continent, without saying anything. Oh, what would have been your amazement on seeing these

"You rascal, you unmitigated rascal," replied Barbicane, "you do not want oxygen to mount to the head. You

are always what we were under the influence of the gas; you are always foolish!"

After this philosophical reflection, the three friends set about restoring the order of the projectile. Chickens

and cock were reinstated in their coop. But while proceeding with this operation, Barbicane and his two

companions had a most desired perception of a new phenomenon. From the moment of leaving the earth,

their own weight, that of the projectile, and the objects it enclosed, had been subject to an increasing

diminution. If they could not prove this loss of the projectile, a moment would arrive when it would be

It is needless to say that a scale would not show this loss; for the weight destined to weight the object would

have lost exactly as much as the object itself; but a spring steelyard for example, the tension of which was

We know that the attraction, otherwise called the weight, is in proportion to the densities of the bodies, and

inversely as the squares of the distances. Hence this effect: If the earth had been alone in space, if the other

celestial bodies had been suddenly annihilated, the projectile, according to Newton's laws, would weigh less

as it got farther from the earth, but without ever losing its weight entirely, for the terrestrial attraction would

But, in reality, a time must come when the projectile would no longer be subject to the law of weight, after

allowing for the other celestial bodies whose effect could not be set down as zero. Indeed, the projectile's

course was being traced between the earth and the moon. As it distanced the earth, the terrestrial attraction

diminished: but the lunar attraction rose in proportion. There must come a point where these two attractions

would neutralize each other: the projectile would possess weight no longer. If the moon's and the earth's

densities had been equal, this point would have been at an equal distance between the two orbs. But taking

the different densities into consideration, it was easy to reckon that this point would be situated at 47/60ths of

the whole journey, i.e., at 78,514 leagues from the earth. At this point, a body having no principle of speed or

displacement in itself, would remain immovable forever, being attracted equally by both orbs, and not being

Now if the projectile's impulsive force had been correctly calculated, it would attain this point without speed,

having lost all trace of weight, as well as all the objects within it. What would happen then? Three hypotheses

1. Either it would retain a certain amount of motion, and pass the point of equal attraction, and fall upon the

2. Or, its speed failing, and unable to reach the point of equal attraction, it would fall upon the moon by virtue

3. Or, lastly, animated with sufficient speed to enable it to reach the neutral point, but not sufficient to pass it,

it would remain forever suspended in that spot like the pretended tomb of Mahomet, between the zenith and

Such was their situation; and Barbicane clearly explained the consequences to his traveling companions,

which greatly interested them. But how should they know when the projectile had reached this neutral point

situated at that distance, especially when neither themselves, nor the objects enclosed in the projectile, would

Up to this time, the travelers, while admitting that this action was constantly decreasing, had not yet become

But that day, about eleven o'clock in the morning, Nicholl having accidentally let a glass slip from his hand,

"Ah!" exclaimed Michel Ardan, "that is rather an amusing piece of natural philosophy."

And immediately divers other objects, firearms and bottles, abandoned to themselves, held themselves up as

by enchantment. Diana too, placed in space by Michel, reproduced, but without any trick, the wonderful

suspension practiced by Caston and Robert Houdin. Indeed the dog did not seem to know that she was

The three adventurous companions were surprised and stupefied, despite their scientific reasonings. They felt

themselves being carried into the domain of wonders! they felt that weight was really wanting to their bodies.

If they stretched out their arms, they did not attempt to fall. Their heads shook on their shoulders. Their feet

no longer clung to the floor of the projectile. They were like drunken men having no stability in themselves.

Fancy has depicted men without reflection, others without shadow. But here reality, by the neutralizations of

attractive forces, produced men in whom nothing had any weight, and who weighed nothing themselves.

Suddenly Michel, taking a spring, left the floor and remained suspended in the air, like Murillo's monk of the

The two friends joined him instantly, and all three formed a miraculous "Ascension" in the center of the

"Is it to be believed? is it probable? is it possible?" exclaimed Michel; "and yet it is so. Ah! if Raphael had

"The `Assumption' cannot last," replied Barbicane. "If the projectile passes the neutral point, the lunar

"No," said Barbicane, "because the projectile's center of gravity is very low; it will only turn by degrees."

"Calm yourself, Michel," replied Nicholl; "no upset is to be feared; not a thing will move, for the projectile's

"Just so," continued Barbicane; "and when it has passed the point of equal attraction, its base, being the

heavier, will draw it perpendicularly to the moon; but, in order that this phenomenon should take place, we

"Pass the neutral line," cried Michel; "then let us do as the sailors do when they cross the equator."

A slight side movement brought Michel back toward the padded side; thence he took a bottle and glasses,

placed them "in space" before his companions, and, drinking merrily, they saluted the line with a triple

hurrah. The influence of these attractions scarcely lasted an hour; the travelers felt themselves insensibly

drawn toward the floor, and Barbicane fancied that the conical end of the projectile was varying a little from

its normal direction toward the moon. By an inverse motion the base was approaching first; the lunar

attraction was prevailing over the terrestrial; the fall toward the moon was beginning, almost imperceptibly as

yet, but by degrees the attractive force would become stronger, the fall would be more decided, the projectile,

drawn by its base, would turn its cone to the earth, and fall with everincreasing speed on to the surface of

the Selenite continent; their destination would then be attained. Now nothing could prevent the success of

Then they chatted of all the phenomena which had astonished them one after the other, particularly the

neutralization of the laws of weight. Michel Ardan, always enthusiastic, drew conclusions which were purely

"Ah, my worthy friends," he exclaimed, "what progress we should make if on earth we could throw off some

of that weight, some of that chain which binds us to her; it would be the prisoner set at liberty; no more

fatigue of either arms or legs. Or, if it is true that in order to fly on the earth's surface, to keep oneself

suspended in the air merely by the play of the muscles, there requires a strength a hundred and fifty times

greater than that which we possess, a simple act of volition, a caprice, would bear us into space, if attraction

"Just so," said Nicholl, smiling; "if we could succeed in suppressing weight as they suppress pain by

"Yes," cried Michel, full of his subject, "destroy weight, and no more burdens!"

"Well said," replied Barbicane; "but if nothing had any weight, nothing would keep in its place, not even your

hat on your head, worthy Michel; nor your house, whose stones only adhere by weight; nor a boat, whose

stability on the waves is only caused by weight; not even the ocean, whose waves would no longer be

equalized by terrestrial attraction; and lastly, not even the atmosphere, whose atoms, being no longer held in

"That is tiresome," retorted Michel; "nothing like these matteroffact people for bringing one back to the

"But console yourself, Michel," continued Barbicane, "for if no orb exists from whence all laws of weight are

banished, you are at least going to visit one where it is much less than on the earth."

"Yes, the moon, on whose surface objects weigh six times less than on the earth, a phenomenon easy to

"Evidently, as two hundred pounds will only weigh thirty pounds on the surface of the moon."

"Not at all; instead of jumping one yard high, you will rise eighteen feet high."

"Yes," replied Nicholl; "for if the height of the Selenites is in proportion to the density of their globe, they

"Lilliputians!" ejaculated Michel; "I shall play the part of Gulliver. We are going to realize the fable of the

giants. This is the advantage of leaving one's own planet and overrunning the solar world."

"One moment, Michel," answered Barbicane; "if you wish to play the part of Gulliver, only visit the inferior

planets, such as Mercury, Venus, or Mars, whose density is a little less than that of the earth; but do not

venture into the great planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune; for there the order will be changed, and you

"In the sun, if its density is thirteen hundred and twentyfour thousand times greater, and the attraction is

twentyseven times greater than on the surface of our globe, keeping everything in proportion, the

"And it would not be quite useless to carry some pieces of artillery to defend oneself."

"Good," replied Nicholl; "your projectiles would have no effect on the sun; they would fall back upon the

"It is certain," replied Barbicane; "the attraction is so great on this enormous orb, that an object weighing

70,000 pounds on the earth would weigh but 1,920 pounds on the surface of the sun. If you were to fall upon

it you would weigh let me see about 5,000 pounds, a weight which you would never be able to raise

"The devil!" said Michel; "one would want a portable crane. However, we will be satisfied with the moon for

the present; there at least we shall cut a great figure. We will see about the sun by and by."

Barbicane had now no fear of the issue of the journey, at least as far as the projectile's impulsive force was

concerned; its own speed would carry it beyond the neutral line; it would certainly not return to earth; it

would certainly not remain motionless on the line of attraction. One single hypothesis remained to be

realized, the arrival of the projectile at its destination by the action of the lunar attraction.

It was in reality a fall of 8,296 leagues on an orb, it is true, where weight could only be reckoned at one sixth

of terrestrial weight; a formidable fall, nevertheless, and one against which every precaution must be taken

These precautions were of two sorts, some to deaden the shock when the projectile should touch the lunar

To deaden the shock, it was a pity that Barbicane was no longer able to employ the means which had so ably

weakened the shock at departure, that is to say, by water used as springs and the partition breaks.

The partitions still existed, but water failed, for they could not use their reserve, which was precious, in case

And indeed this reserve would have been quite insufficient for a spring. The layer of water stored in the

projectile at the time of starting upon their journey occupied no less than three feet in depth, and spread over

a surface of not less than fiftyfour square feet. Besides, the cistern did not contain onefifth part of it; they

must therefore give up this efficient means of deadening the shock of arrival. Happily, Barbicane, not content

with employing water, had furnished the movable disc with strong spring plugs, destined to lessen the shock

against the base after the breaking of the horizontal partitions. These plugs still existed; they had only to

readjust them and replace the movable disc; every piece, easy to handle, as their weight was now scarcely

The different pieces were fitted without trouble, it being only a matter of bolts and screws; tools were not

wanting, and soon the reinstated disc lay on steel plugs, like a table on its legs. One inconvenience resulted

from the replacing of the disc, the lower window was blocked up; thus it was impossible for the travelers to

observe the moon from that opening while they were being precipitated perpendicularly upon her; but they

were obliged to give it up; even by the side openings they could still see vast lunar regions, as an aeronaut

This replacing of the disc was at least an hour's work. It was past twelve when all preparations were finished.

Barbicane took fresh observations on the inclination of the projectile, but to his annoyance it had not turned

over sufficiently for its fall; it seemed to take a curve parallel to the lunar disc. The orb of night shone

"You are sceptical," retorted Michel Ardan. "We shall arrive, and that, too, quicker than we like."

This answer brought Barbicane back to his preparations, and he occupied himself with placing the

contrivances intended to break their descent. We may remember the scene of the meeting held at Tampa

Town, in Florida, when Captain Nicholl came forward as Barbicane's enemy and Michel Ardan's adversary.

To Captain Nicholl's maintaining that the projectile would smash like glass, Michel replied that he would

Thus, powerful fireworks, taking their startingpoint from the base and bursting outside, could, by producing

a recoil, check to a certain degree the projectile's speed. These rockets were to burn in space, it is true; but

oxygen would not fail them, for they could supply themselves with it, like the lunar volcanoes, the burning of

Barbicane had accordingly supplied himself with these fireworks, enclosed in little steel guns, which could be

screwed on to the base of the projectile. Inside, these guns were flush with the bottom; outside, they

protruded about eighteen inches. There were twenty of them. An opening left in the disc allowed them to

light the match with which each was provided. All the effect was felt outside. The burning mixture had

already been rammed into each gun. They had, then, nothing to do but raise the metallic buffers fixed in the

This new work was finished about three o'clock, and after taking all these precautions there remained but to

wait. But the projectile was perceptibly nearing the moon, and evidently succumbed to her influence to a

certain degree; though its own velocity also drew it in an oblique direction. From these conflicting influences

resulted a line which might become a tangent. But it was certain that the projectile would not fall directly on

the moon; for its lower part, by reason of its weight, ought to be turned toward her.

Barbicane's uneasiness increased as he saw his projectile resist the influence of gravitation. The Unknown

was opening before him, the Unknown in interplanetary space. The man of science thought he had foreseen

the only three hypotheses possible the return to the earth, the return to the moon, or stagnation on the

neutral line; and here a fourth hypothesis, big with all the terrors of the Infinite, surged up inopportunely. To

face it without flinching, one must be a resolute savant like Barbicane, a phlegmatic being like Nicholl, or an

Conversation was started upon this subject. Other men would have considered the question from a practical

point of view; they would have asked themselves whither their projectile carriage was carrying them. Not so

"I very much fear," answered Nicholl, "that, in spite of all precautions taken, the Columbiad was not fairly

pointed. An error, however small, would be enough to throw us out of the moon's attraction."

"I do not think so," replied Barbicane. "The perpendicularity of the gun was exact, its direction to the zenith

of the spot incontestible; and the moon passing to the zenith of the spot, we ought to reach it at the full. There

"Yes," continued Nicholl. "The Cambridge Observatory's note says that the transit ought to be accomplished

in ninetyseven hours thirteen minutes and twenty seconds; which means to say, that sooner the moon will

"True," replied Barbicane. "But we started the 1st of December, at thirteen minutes and twentyfive seconds

to eleven at night; and we ought to arrive on the 5th at midnight, at the exact moment when the moon would

be full; and we are now at the 5th of December. It is now halfpast three in the evening; halfpast eight ought

"Might it not be an excess of speed?" answered Nicholl; "for we know now that its initial velocity was greater

"No! a hundred times, no!" replied Barbicane. "An excess of speed, if the direction of the projectile had been

right, would not have prevented us reaching the moon. No, there has been a deviation. We have been turned

"Very well, then, Barbicane," said Michel, "do you wish to know my opinion on the subject of finding out

"I would not give half a dollar to know it. That we have deviated is a fact. Where we are going matters little;

we shall soon see. Since we are being borne along in space we shall end by falling into some center of

Michel Ardan's indifference did not content Barbicane. Not that he was uneasy about the future, but he

But the projectile continued its course sideways to the moon, and with it the mass of things thrown out.

Barbicane could even prove, by the elevations which served as landmarks upon the moon, which was only

two thousand leagues distant, that its speed was becoming uniform fresh proof that there was no fall. Its

impulsive force still prevailed over the lunar attraction, but the projectile's course was certainly bringing it

nearer to the moon, and they might hope that at a nearer point the weight, predominating, would cause a

The three friends, having nothing better to do, continued their observations; but they could not yet determine

the topographical position of the satellite; every relief was leveled under the reflection of the solar rays.

They watched thus through the side windows until eight o'clock at night. The moon had grown so large in

their eyes that it filled half of the firmament. The sun on one side, and the orb of night on the other, flooded

At that moment Barbicane thought he could estimate the distance which separated them from their aim at no

more than 700 leagues. The speed of the projectile seemed to him to be more than 200 yards, or about 170

leagues a second. Under the centripetal force, the base of the projectile tended toward the moon; but the

centrifugal still prevailed; and it was probable that its rectilineal course would be changed to a curve of some

Barbicane was still seeking the solution of his insoluble problem. Hours passed without any result. The

projectile was evidently nearing the moon, but it was also evident that it would never reach her. As to the

nearest distance at which it would pass her, that must be the result of two forces, attraction and repulsion,

"I ask but one thing," said Michel; "that we may pass near enough to penetrate her secrets."

"Cursed be the thing that has caused our projectile to deviate from its course," cried Nicholl.

And, as if a light had suddenly broken in upon his mind, Barbicane answered, "Then cursed be the meteor

"I mean," said Barbicane in a decided tone, "I mean that our deviation is owing solely to our meeting with

"What does that matter? Its mass, compared to that of our projectile, was enormous, and its attraction was

"Yes, Nicholl; but however little it might be," replied Barbicane, "in a distance of 84,000 leagues, it wanted

Barbicane had evidently hit upon the only plausible reason of this deviation. However slight it might have

been, it had sufficed to modify the course of the projectile. It was a fatality. The bold attempt had miscarried

by a fortuitous circumstance; and unless by some exceptional event, they could now never reach the moon's

Would they pass near enough to be able to solve certain physical and geological questions until then

insoluble? This was the question, and the only one, which occupied the minds of these bold travelers. As to

But what would become of them amid these infinite solitudes, these who would soon want air? A few more

days, and they would fall stifled in this wandering projectile. But some days to these intrepid fellows was a

century; and they devoted all their time to observe that moon which they no longer hoped to reach.

The distance which had then separated the projectile from the satellite was estimated at about two hundred

leagues. Under these conditions, as regards the visibility of the details of the disc, the travelers were farther

Indeed, we know that the instrument mounted by Lord Rosse at Parsonstown, which magnifies 6,500 times,

brings the moon to within an apparent distance of sixteen leagues. And more than that, with the powerful one

set up at Long's Peak, the orb of night, magnified 48,000 times, is brought to within less than two leagues,

and objects having a diameter of thirty feet are seen very distinctly. So that, at this distance, the topographical

details of the moon, observed without glasses, could not be determined with precision. The eye caught the

vast outline of those immense depressions inappropriately called "seas," but they could not recognize their

nature. The prominence of the mountains disappeared under the splendid irradiation produced by the

reflection of the solar rays. The eye, dazzled as if it was leaning over a bath of molten silver, turned from it

involuntarily; but the oblong form of the orb was quite clear. It appeared like a gigantic egg, with the small

end turned toward the earth. Indeed the moon, liquid and pliable in the first days of its formation, was

originally a perfect sphere; but being soon drawn within the attraction of the earth, it became elongated under

the influence of gravitation. In becoming a satellite, she lost her native purity of form; her center of gravity

was in advance of the center of her figure; and from this fact some savants draw the conclusion that the air

and water had taken refuge on the opposite surface of the moon, which is never seen from the earth. This

alteration in the primitive form of the satellite was only perceptible for a few moments. The distance of the

projectile from the moon diminished very rapidly under its speed, though that was much less than its initial

velocity but eight or nine times greater than that which propels our express trains. The oblique course of

the projectile, from its very obliquity, gave Michel Ardan some hopes of striking the lunar disc at some point

or other. He could not think that they would never reach it. No! he could not believe it; and this opinion he

often repeated. But Barbicane, who was a better judge, always answered him with merciless logic.

"No, Michel, no! We can only reach the moon by a fall, and we are not falling. The centripetal force keeps us

under the moon's influence, but the centrifugal force draws us irresistibly away from it."

The portion of the moon which the projectile was nearing was the northern hemisphere, that which the

selenographic maps place below; for these maps are generally drawn after the outline given by the glasses,

and we know that they reverse the objects. Such was the Mappa Selenographica of Boeer and Moedler which

Barbicane consulted. This northern hemisphere presented vast plains, dotted with isolated mountains.

At midnight the moon was full. At that precise moment the travelers should have alighted upon it, if the

mischievous meteor had not diverted their course. The orb was exactly in the condition determined by the

Cambridge Observatory. It was mathematically at its perigee, and at the zenith of the twentyeighth parallel.

An observer placed at the bottom of the enormous Columbiad, pointed perpendicularly to the horizon, would

have framed the moon in the mouth of the gun. A straight line drawn through the axis of the piece would

have passed through the center of the orb of night. It is needless to say, that during the night of the 5th6th of

December, the travelers took not an instant's rest. Could they close their eyes when so near this new world?

No! All their feelings were concentrated in one single thought: See! Representatives of the earth, of

humanity, past and present, all centered in them! It is through their eyes that the human race look at these

lunar regions, and penetrate the secrets of their satellite! A strange emotion filled their hearts as they went

from one window to the other. Their observations, reproduced by Barbicane, were rigidly determined. To

As regards the optical instruments at their disposal, they had excellent marine glasses specially constructed

for this journey. They possessed magnifying powers of 100. They would thus have brought the moon to

within a distance (apparent) of less than 2,000 leagues from the earth. But then, at a distance which for three

hours in the morning did not exceed sixtyfive miles, and in a medium free from all atmospheric

disturbances, these instruments could reduce the lunar surface to within less than 1,500 yards!

"Have you ever seen the moon?" asked a professor, ironically, of one of his pupils.

"No, sir!" replied the pupil, still more ironically, "but I must say I have heard it spoken of."

In one sense, the pupil's witty answer might be given by a large majority of sublunary beings. How many

people have heard speak of the moon who have never seen it at least through a glass or a telescope! How

In looking at a selenographic map, one peculiarity strikes us. Contrary to the arrangement followed for that of

the Earth and Mars, the continents occupy more particularly the southern hemisphere of the lunar globe.

These continents do not show such decided, clear, and regular boundary lines as South America, Africa, and

the Indian peninsula. Their angular, capricious, and deeply indented coasts are rich in gulfs and peninsulas.

They remind one of the confusion in the islands of the Sound, where the land is excessively indented. If

navigation ever existed on the surface of the moon, it must have been wonderfully difficult and dangerous;

and we may well pity the Selenite sailors and hydrographers; the former, when they came upon these perilous

We may also notice that, on the lunar sphere, the south pole is much more continental than the north pole. On

the latter, there is but one slight strip of land separated from other continents by vast seas. Toward the south,

continents clothe almost the whole of the hemisphere. It is even possible that the Selenites have already

planted the flag on one of their poles, while Franklin, Ross, Kane, Dumont, d'Urville, and Lambert have

As to islands, they are numerous on the surface of the moon. Nearly all oblong or circular, and as if traced

with the compass, they seem to form one vast archipelago, equal to that charming group lying between

Greece and Asia Minor, and which mythology in ancient times adorned with most graceful legends.

Involuntarily the names of Naxos, Tenedos, and Carpathos, rise before the mind, and we seek vainly for

Ulysses' vessel or the "clipper" of the Argonauts. So at least it was in Michel Ardan's eyes. To him it was a

Grecian archipelago that he saw on the map. To the eyes of his matteroffact companions, the aspect of

these coasts recalled rather the parceledout land of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, and where the

Frenchman discovered traces of the heroes of fable, these Americans were marking the most favorable points

for the establishment of stores in the interests of lunar commerce and industry.

After wandering over these vast continents, the eye is attracted by the still greater seas. Not only their

formation, but their situation and aspect remind one of the terrestrial oceans; but again, as on earth, these seas

occupy the greater portion of the globe. But in point of fact, these are not liquid spaces, but plains, the nature

of which the travelers hoped soon to determine. Astronomers, we must allow, have graced these pretended

seas with at least odd names, which science has respected up to the present time. Michel Ardan was right

when he compared this map to a "Tendre card," got up by a Scudary or a Cyrano de Bergerac. "Only," said

he, "it is no longer the sentimental card of the seventeenth century, it is the card of life, very neatly divided

into two parts, one feminine, the other masculine; the right hemisphere for woman, the left for man."

In speaking thus, Michel made his prosaic companions shrug their shoulders. Barbicane and Nicholl looked

upon the lunar map from a very different point of view to that of their fantastic friend. Nevertheless, their

In the left hemisphere stretches the "Sea of Clouds," where human reason is so often shipwrecked. Not far off

lies the "Sea of Rains," fed by all the fever of existence. Near this is the "Sea of Storms," where man is ever

fighting against his passions, which too often gain the victory. Then, worn out by deceit, treasons, infidelity,

and the whole body of terrestrial misery, what does he find at the end of his career? that vast "Sea of

Humors," barely softened by some drops of the waters from the "Gulf of Dew!" Clouds, rain, storms, and

humors does the life of man contain aught but these? and is it not summed up in these four words?

The right hemisphere, "dedicated to the ladies," encloses smaller seas, whose significant names contain every

incident of a feminine existence. There is the "Sea of Serenity," over which the young girl bends; "The Lake

of Dreams," reflecting a joyous future; "The Sea of Nectar," with its waves of tenderness and breezes of love;

"The Sea of Fruitfulness;" "The Sea of Crises;" then the "Sea of Vapors," whose dimensions are perhaps a

little too confined; and lastly, that vast "Sea of Tranquillity," in which every false passion, every useless

dream, every unsatisfied desire is at length absorbed, and whose waves emerge peacefully into the "Lake of

What a strange succession of names! What a singular division of the moon's two hemispheres, joined to one

another like man and woman, and forming that sphere of life carried into space! And was not the fantastic

Michel right in thus interpreting the fancies of the ancient astronomers? But while his imagination thus roved

over "the seas," his grave companions were considering things more geographically. They were learning this

The course taken by the projectile, as we have before remarked, was bearing it toward the moon's northern

hemisphere. The travelers were far from the central point which they would have struck, had their course not

been subject to an irremediable deviation. It was past midnight; and Barbicane then estimated the distance at

seven hundred and fifty miles, which was a little greater than the length of the lunar radius, and which would

diminish as it advanced nearer to the North Pole. The projectile was then not at the altitude of the equator; but

across the tenth parallel, and from that latitude, carefully taken on the map to the pole, Barbicane and his two

companions were able to observe the moon under the most favorable conditions. Indeed, by means of glasses,

the abovenamed distance was reduced to little more than fourteen miles. The telescope of the Rocky

Mountains brought the moon much nearer; but the terrestrial atmosphere singularly lessened its power. Thus

Barbicane, posted in his projectile, with the glasses to his eyes, could seize upon details which were almost

"My friends," said the president, in a serious voice, "I do not know whither we are going; I do not know if we

shall ever see the terrestrial globe again. Nevertheless, let us proceed as if our work would one day by useful

to our fellowmen. Let us keep our minds free from every other consideration. We are astronomers; and this

projectile is a room in the Cambridge University, carried into space. Let us make our observations!"

This said, work was begun with great exactness; and they faithfully reproduced the different aspects of the

At the time that the projectile was as high as the tenth parallel, north latitude, it seemed rigidly to follow the

twentieth degree, east longitude. We must here make one important remark with regard to the map by which

they were taking observations. In the selenographical maps where, on account of the reversing of the objects

by the glasses, the south is above and the north below, it would seem natural that, on account of that

inversion, the east should be to the left hand, and the west to the right. But it is not so. If the map were turned

upside down, showing the moon as we see her, the east would be to the left, and the west to the right,

contrary to that which exists on terrestrial maps. The following is the reason of this anomaly. Observers in the

northern hemisphere (say in Europe) see the moon in the south according to them. When they take

observations, they turn their backs to the north, the reverse position to that which they occupy when they

study a terrestrial map. As they turn their backs to the north, the east is on their left, and the west to their

right. To observers in the southern hemisphere (Patagonia for example), the moon's west would be quite to

their left, and the east to their right, as the south is behind them. Such is the reason of the apparent reversing

of these two cardinal points, and we must bear it in mind in order to be able to follow President Barbicane's

With the help of Boeer and Moedler's Mappa Selenographica, the travelers were able at once to recognize

"At the northern part of the `Sea of Clouds,'" answered Barbicane. "We are too far off to recognize its nature.

Are these plains composed of arid sand, as the first astronomer maintained? Or are they nothing but immense

forests, according to M. Warren de la Rue's opinion, who gives the moon an atmosphere, though a very low

and a very dense one? That we shall know by and by. We must affirm nothing until we are in a position to do

This "Sea of Clouds" is rather doubtfully marked out upon the maps. It is supposed that these vast plains are

strewn with blocks of lava from the neighboring volcanoes on its right, Ptolemy, Purbach, Arzachel. But the

projectile was advancing, and sensibly nearing it. Soon there appeared the heights which bound this sea at

this northern limit. Before them rose a mountain radiant with beauty, the top of which seemed lost in an

This mount, situated in 9@ north latitude and 20@ east longitude, rose to a height of 10,600 feet above the

surface of the moon. It is quite visible from the earth; and astronomers can study it with ease, particularly

during the phase between the last quarter and the new moon, because then the shadows are thrown

This Copernicus forms the most important of the radiating system, situated in the southern hemisphere,

according to Tycho Brahe. It rises isolated like a gigantic lighthouse on that portion of the "Sea of Clouds,"

which is bounded by the "Sea of Tempests," thus lighting by its splendid rays two oceans at a time. It was a

sight without an equal, those long luminous trains, so dazzling in the full moon, and which, passing the

boundary chain on the north, extends to the "Sea of Rains." At one o'clock of the terrestrial morning, the

projectile, like a balloon borne into space, overlooked the top of this superb mount. Barbicane could

recognize perfectly its chief features. Copernicus is comprised in the series of ringed mountains of the first

order, in the division of great circles. Like Kepler and Aristarchus, which overlook the "Ocean of Tempests,"

sometimes it appeared like a brilliant point through the cloudy light, and was taken for a volcano in activity.

But it is only an extinct one like all on that side of the moon. Its circumference showed a diameter of about

twentytwo leagues. The glasses discovered traces of stratification produced by successive eruptions, and the

neighborhood was strewn with volcanic remains which still choked some of the craters.

"There exist," said Barbicane, "several kinds of circles on the surface of the moon, and it is easy to see that

Copernicus belongs to the radiating class. If we were nearer, we should see the cones bristling on the inside,

which in former times were so many fiery mouths. A curious arrangement, and one without an exception on

the lunar disc, is that the interior surface of these circles is the reverse of the exterior, and contrary to the form

taken by terrestrial craters. It follows, then, that the general curve of the bottom of these circles gives a sphere

"What splendid radiation!" said Michel. "One could hardly see a finer spectacle, I think."

"What would you say, then," replied Barbicane, "if chance should bear us toward the southern hemisphere?"

At this moment the projectile hung perpendicularly over the circle. The circumference of Copernicus formed

almost a perfect circle, and its steep escarpments were clearly defined. They could even distinguish a second

ringed enclosure. Around spread a grayish plain, of a wild aspect, on which every relief was marked in

yellow. At the bottom of the circle, as if enclosed in a jewel case, sparkled for one instant two or three

eruptive cones, like enormous dazzling gems. Toward the north the escarpments were lowered by a

depression which would probably have given access to the interior of the crater.

In passing over the surrounding plains, Barbicane noticed a great number of less important mountains; and

among others a little ringed one called Guy Lussac, the breadth of which measured twelve miles.

Toward the south, the plain was very flat, without one elevation, without one projection. Toward the north,

on the contrary, till where it was bounded by the "Sea of Storms," it resembled a liquid surface agitated by a

storm, of which the hills and hollows formed a succession of waves suddenly congealed. Over the whole of

this, and in all directions, lay the luminous lines, all converging to the summit of Copernicus.

The travelers discussed the origin of these strange rays; but they could not determine their nature any more

"But why," said Nicholl, "should not these rays be simply spurs of mountains which reflect more vividly the

"No," replied Barbicane; "if it was so, under certain conditions of the moon, these ridges would cast shadows,

And indeed, these rays only appeared when the orb of day was in opposition to the moon, and disappeared as

"But how have they endeavored to explain these lines of light?" asked Michel; "for I cannot believe that

"Yes," replied Barbicane; "Herschel has put forward an opinion, but he did not venture to affirm it."

"He thought that these rays might be streams of cooled lava which shone when the sun beat straight upon

them. It may be so; but nothing can be less certain. Besides, if we pass nearer to Tycho, we shall be in a better

"Do you know, my friends, what that plain, seen from the height we are at, resembles?" said Michel.

"Very well; with all those pieces of lava lengthened like rockets, it resembles an immense game of spelikans

"Well, let us be serious," replied Michel quietly; "and instead of spelikans, let us put bones. This plain, would

then be nothing but an immense cemetery, on which would repose the mortal remains of thousands of extinct

"My worthy friend," continued the matteroffact Barbicane, "it matters but little what it resembles, when we

But the projectile continued to advance with almost uniform speed around the lunar disc. The travelers, we

may easily imagine, did not dream of taking a moment's rest. Every minute changed the landscape which fled

from beneath their gaze. About half past one o'clock in the morning, they caught a glimpse of the tops of

It was a ringed mountain nine thousand feet high, and one of those circles so numerous on this satellite. With

regard to this, Barbicane related Kepler's singular opinion on the formation of circles. According to that

celebrated mathematician, these craterlike cavities had been dug by the hand of man.

"For a very natural one," replied Barbicane. "The Selenites might have undertaken these immense works and

dug these enormous holes for a refuge and shield from the solar rays which beat upon them during fifteen

"A singular idea," replied Nicholl; "but it is probable that Kepler did not know the true dimensions of these

circles, for the digging of them would have been the work of giants quite impossible for the Selenites."

"Why? if weight on the moon's surface is six times less than on the earth?" said Michel.

Soon Eratosthenes disappeared under the horizon without the projectile being sufficiently near to allow close

observation. This mountain separated the Apennines from the Carpathians. In the lunar orography they have

discerned some chains of mountains, which are chiefly distributed over the northern hemisphere. Some,

About two o'clock in the morning Barbicane found that they were above the twentieth lunar parallel. The

distance of the projectile from the moon was not more than six hundred miles. Barbicane, now perceiving that

the projectile was steadily approaching the lunar disc, did not despair; if not of reaching her, at least of

At halfpast two in the morning, the projectile was over the thirteenth lunar parallel and at the effective

distance of five hundred miles, reduced by the glasses to five. It still seemed impossible, however, that it

could ever touch any part of the disc. Its motive speed, comparatively so moderate, was inexplicable to

President Barbicane. At that distance from the moon it must have been considerable, to enable it to bear up

against her attraction. Here was a phenomenon the cause of which escaped them again. Besides, time failed

them to investigate the cause. All lunar relief was defiling under the eyes of the travelers, and they would not

Under the glasses the disc appeared at the distance of five miles. What would an aeronaut, borne to this

distance from the earth, distinguish on its surface? We cannot say, since the greatest ascension has not been

This, however, is an exact description of what Barbicane and his companions saw at this height. Large

patches of different colors appeared on the disc. Selenographers are not agreed upon the nature of these

colors. There are several, and rather vividly marked. Julius Schmidt pretends that, if the terrestrial oceans

were dried up, a Selenite observer could not distinguish on the globe a greater diversity of shades between the

oceans and the continental plains than those on the moon present to a terrestrial observer. According to him,

the color common to the vast plains known by the name of "seas" is a dark gray mixed with green and brown.

Some of the large craters present the same appearance. Barbicane knew this opinion of the German

selenographer, an opinion shared by Boeer and Moedler. Observation has proved that right was on their side,

and not on that of some astronomers who admit the existence of only gray on the moon's surface. In some

parts green was very distinct, such as springs, according to Julius Schmidt, from the seas of "Serenity and

Humors." Barbicane also noticed large craters, without any interior cones, which shed a bluish tint similar to

the reflection of a sheet of steel freshly polished. These colors belonged really to the lunar disc, and did not

result, as some astronomers say, either from the imperfection in the objective of the glasses or from the

Not a doubt existed in Barbicane's mind with regard to it, as he observed it through space, and so could not

commit any optical error. He considered the establishment of this fact as an acquisition to science. Now, were

these shades of green, belonging to tropical vegetation, kept up by a low dense atmosphere? He could not yet

Farther on, he noticed a reddish tint, quite defined. The same shade had before been observed at the bottom of

an isolated enclosure, known by the name of Lichtenburg's circle, which is situated near the Hercynian

mountains, on the borders of the moon; but they could not tell the nature of it.

They were not more fortunate with regard to another peculiarity of the disc, for they could not decide upon

Michel Ardan was watching near the president, when he noticed long white lines, vividly lighted up by the

direct rays of the sun. It was a succession of luminous furrows, very different from the radiation of

"Plowed, at all events," retorted Michel Ardan; "but what laborers those Selenites must be, and what giant

"Rifts? stuff!" replied Michel mildly; "but what do you mean by `rifts' in the scientific world?"

Barbicane immediately enlightened his companion as to what he knew about lunar rifts. He knew that they

were a kind of furrow found on every part of the disc which was not mountainous; that these furrows,

generally isolated, measured from 400 to 500 leagues in length; that their breadth varied from 1,000 to 1,500

yards, and that their borders were strictly parallel; but he knew nothing more either of their formation or their

Barbicane, through his glasses, observed these rifts with great attention. He noticed that their borders were

formed of steep declivities; they were long parallel ramparts, and with some small amount of imagination he

might have admitted the existence of long lines of fortifications, raised by Selenite engineers. Of these

different rifts some were perfectly straight, as if cut by a line; others were slightly curved, though still

keeping their borders parallel; some crossed each other, some cut through craters; here they wound through

ordinary cavities, such as Posidonius or Petavius; there they wound through the seas, such as the "Sea of

These natural accidents naturally excited the imaginations of these terrestrial astronomers. The first

observations had not discovered these rifts. Neither Hevelius, Cassin, La Hire, nor Herschel seemed to have

known them. It was Schroeter who in 1789 first drew attention to them. Others followed who studied them,

as Pastorff, Gruithuysen, Boeer, and Moedler. At this time their number amounts to seventy; but, if they have

been counted, their nature has not yet been determined; they are certainly not fortifications, any more than

they are the ancient beds of driedup rivers; for, on one side, the waters, so slight on the moon's surface,

could never have worn such drains for themselves; and, on the other, they often cross craters of great

We must, however, allow that Michel Ardan had "an idea," and that, without knowing it, he coincided in that

"Why," said he, "should not these unaccountable appearances be simply phenomena of vegetation?"

"Do not excite yourself, my worthy president," replied Michel; "might it not be possible that the dark lines

"I like," retorted Michel Ardan, "to explain what you savants cannot explain; at least my hypotheses has the

advantage of indicating why these rifts disappear, or seem to disappear, at certain seasons."

"For the reason that the trees become invisible when they lose their leaves, and visible again when they

"Your explanation is ingenious, my dear companion," replied Barbicane, "but inadmissible."

"Because, so to speak, there are no seasons on the moon's surface, and that, consequently, the phenomena of

Indeed, the slight obliquity of the lunar axis keeps the sun at an almost equal height in every latitude. Above

the equatorial regions the radiant orb almost invariably occupies the zenith, and does not pass the limits of the

horizon in the polar regions; thus, according to each region, there reigns a perpetual winter, spring, summer,

or autumn, as in the planet Jupiter, whose axis is but little inclined upon its orbit.

What origin do they attribute to these rifts? That is a question difficult to solve. They are certainly anterior to

the formation of craters and circles, for several have introduced themselves by breaking through their circular

ramparts. Thus it may be that, contemporary with the later geological epochs, they are due to the expansion of

But the projectile had now attained the fortieth degree of lunar latitude, at a distance not exceeding 40 miles.

At this point, under their feet, rose Mount Helicon, 1,520 feet high, and round about the left rose moderate

elevations, enclosing a small portion of the "Sea of Rains," under the name of the Gulf of Iris. The terrestrial

atmosphere would have to be one hundred and seventy times more transparent than it is, to allow astronomers

to make perfect observations on the moon's surface; but in the void in which the projectile floated no fluid

interposed itself between the eye of the observer and the object observed. And more, Barbicane found himself

carried to a greater distance than the most powerful telescopes had ever done before, either that of Lord Rosse

or that of the Rocky Mountains. He was, therefore, under extremely favorable conditions for solving that

great question of the habitability of the moon; but the solution still escaped him; he could distinguish nothing

but desert beds, immense plains, and toward the north, arid mountains. Not a work betrayed the hand of man;

not a ruin marked his course; not a group of animals was to be seen indicating life, even in an inferior degree.

In no part was there life, in no part was there an appearance of vegetation. Of the three kingdoms which share

the terrestrial globe between them, one alone was represented on the lunar and that the mineral.

"Ah, indeed!" said Michel Ardan, a little out of countenance; "then you see no one?"

"No," answered Nicholl; "up to this time, not a man, not an animal, not a tree! After all, whether the

atmosphere has taken refuge at the bottom of cavities, in the midst of the circles, or even on the opposite face

"Besides," added Barbicane, "even to the most piercing eye a man cannot be distinguished farther than three

and a half miles off; so that, if there are any Selenites, they can see our projectile, but we cannot see them."

Toward four in the morning, at the height of the fiftieth parallel, the distance was reduced to 300 miles. To

the left ran a line of mountains capriciously shaped, lying in the full light. To the right, on the contrary, lay a

black hollow resembling a vast well, unfathomable and gloomy, drilled into the lunar soil.

This hole was the "Black Lake"; it was Pluto, a deep circle which can be conveniently studied from the earth,

between the last quarter and the new moon, when the shadows fall from west to east.

This black color is rarely met with on the surface of the satellite. As yet it has only been recognized in the

depths of the circle of Endymion, to the east of the "Cold Sea," in the northern hemisphere, and at the bottom

Pluto is an annular mountain, situated in 51@ north latitude, and 9@ east longitude. Its circuit is fortyseven

Barbicane regretted that they were not passing directly above this vast opening. There was an abyss to

fathom, perhaps some mysterious phenomenon to surprise; but the projectile's course could not be altered.

They must rigidly submit. They could not guide a balloon, still less a projectile, when once enclosed within

its walls. Toward five in the morning the northern limits of the "Sea of Rains" was at length passed. The

mounts of Condamine and Fontenelle remained one on the right, the other on the left. That part of the disc

beginning with 60@ was becoming quite mountainous. The glasses brought them to within two miles, less

than that separating the summit of Mont Blanc from the level of the sea. The whole region was bristling with

spikes and circles. Toward the 60@ Philolaus stood predominant at a height of 5,550 feet with its elliptical

crater, and seen from this distance, the disc showed a very fantastical appearance. Landscapes were presented

to the eye under very different conditions from those on the earth, and also very inferior to them.

The moon having no atmosphere, the consequences arising from the absence of this gaseous envelope have

already been shown. No twilight on her surface; night following day and day following night with the

suddenness of a lamp which is extinguished or lighted amid profound darkness no transition from cold to

heat, the temperature falling in an instant from boiling point to the cold of space.

Another consequence of this want of air is that absolute darkness reigns where the sun's rays do not penetrate.

That which on earth is called diffusion of light, that luminous matter which the air holds in suspension, which

creates the twilight and the daybreak, which produces the umbrae and penumbrae, and all the magic of

chiarooscuro, does not exist on the moon. Hence the harshness of contrasts, which only admit of two colors,

black and white. If a Selenite were to shade his eyes from the sun's rays, the sky would seem absolutely

black, and the stars would shine to him as on the darkest night. Judge of the impression produced on

Barbicane and his three friends by this strange scene! Their eyes were confused. They could no longer grasp

the respective distances of the different plains. A lunar landscape without the softening of the phenomena of

chiarooscuro could not be rendered by an earthly landscape painter; it would be spots of ink on a white

This aspect was not altered even when the projectile, at the height of 80@, was only separated from the moon

by a distance of fifty miles; nor even when, at five in the morning, it passed at less than twentyfive miles

from the mountain of Gioja, a distance reduced by the glasses to a quarter of a mile. It seemed as if the moon

might be touched by the hand! It seemed impossible that, before long, the projectile would not strike her, if

only at the north pole, the brilliant arch of which was so distinctly visible on the black sky.

Michel Ardan wanted to open one of the scuttles and throw himself on to the moon's surface! A very useless

attempt; for if the projectile could not attain any point whatever of the satellite, Michel, carried along by its

At that moment, at six o'clock, the lunar pole appeared. The disc only presented to the travelers' gaze one half

brilliantly lit up, while the other disappeared in the darkness. Suddenly the projectile passed the line of

demarcation between intense light and absolute darkness, and was plunged in profound night!

At the moment when this phenomenon took place so rapidly, the projectile was skirting the moon's north pole

at less than twentyfive miles distance. Some seconds had sufficed to plunge it into the absolute darkness of

space. The transition was so sudden, without shade, without gradation of light, without attenuation of the

luminous waves, that the orb seemed to have been extinguished by a powerful blow.

Indeed, there was neither reflection nor shadow. Nothing more was to be seen of that disc, formerly so

dazzling. The darkness was complete. and rendered even more so by the rays from the stars. It was "that

blackness" in which the lunar nights are insteeped, which last three hundred and fiftyfour hours and a half at

each point of the disc, a long night resulting from the equality of the translatory and rotary movements of the

moon. The projectile, immerged in the conical shadow of the satellite, experienced the action of the solar rays

In the interior, the obscurity was complete. They could not see each other. Hence the necessity of dispelling

the darkness. However desirous Barbicane might be to husband the gas, the reserve of which was small, he

was obliged to ask from it a fictitious light, an expensive brilliancy which the sun then refused.

"Devil take the radiant orb!" exclaimed Michel Ardan, "which forces us to expend gas, instead of giving us

"Do not let us accuse the sun," said Nicholl, "it is not his fault, but that of the moon, which has come and

"My friends, it is neither the fault of the sun nor of the moon; it is the fault of the projectile, which, instead of

rigidly following its course, has awkwardly missed it. To be more just, it is the fault of that unfortunate

"Well," replied Michel Ardan, "as the matter is settled, let us have breakfast. After a whole night of watching

This proposal meeting with no contradiction, Michel prepared the repast in a few minutes. But they ate for

eating's sake, they drank without toasts, without hurrahs. The bold travelers being borne away into gloomy

space, without their accustomed cortege of rays, felt a vague uneasiness in their hearts. The "strange" shadow

so dear to Victor Hugo's pen bound them on all sides. But they talked over the interminable night of three

hundred and fiftyfour hours and a half, nearly fifteen days, which the law of physics has imposed on the

Barbicane gave his friends some explanation of the causes and the consequences of this curious phenomenon.

"Curious indeed," said they; "for, if each hemisphere of the moon is deprived of solar light for fifteen days,

that above which we now float does not even enjoy during its long night any view of the earth so beautifully

lit up. In a word she has no moon (applying this designation to our globe) but on one side of her disc. Now if

this were the case with the earth if, for example, Europe never saw the moon, and she was only visible at

the antipodes, imagine to yourself the astonishment of a European on arriving in Australia."

"Very well!" continued Barbicane, "that astonishment is reserved for the Selenites who inhabit the face of the

moon opposite to the earth, a face which is ever invisible to our countrymen of the terrestrial globe."

"And which we should have seen," added Nicholl, "if we had arrived here when the moon was new, that is to

"I will add, to make amends," continued Barbicane, "that the inhabitants of the visible face are singularly

favored by nature, to the detriment of their brethren on the invisible face. The latter, as you see, have dark

nights of 354 hours, without one single ray to break the darkness. The other, on the contrary, when the sun

which has given its light for fifteen days sinks below the horizon, see a splendid orb rise on the opposite

horizon. It is the earth, which is thirteen times greater than the diminutive moon that we know the earth

which developes itself at a diameter of two degrees, and which sheds a light thirteen times greater than that

qualified by atmospheric strata the earth which only disappears at the moment when the sun reappears in

"It follows, then," continued Barbicane, without knitting his brows, "that the visible face of the disc must be

very agreeable to inhabit, since it always looks on either the sun when the moon is full, or on the earth when

"But," said Nicholl, "that advantage must be well compensated by the insupportable heat which the light

"The inconvenience, in that respect, is the same for the two faces, for the earth's light is evidently deprived of

heat. But the invisible face is still more searched by the heat than the visible face. I say that for you, Nicholl,

"Indeed," continued Barbicane, "when the invisible face receives at the same time light and heat from the sun,

it is because the moon is new; that is to say, she is situated between the sun and the earth. It follows, then,

considering the position which she occupies in opposition when full, that she is nearer to the sun by twice her

distance from the earth; and that distance may be estimated at the twohundredth part of that which separates

the sun from the earth, or in round numbers 400,000 miles. So that invisible face is so much nearer to the sun

"On the contrary," said Michel, imitating the tone and gestures of the president, "on the contrary, when the

visible face of the moon is lit by the sun, it is because the moon is full, that is to say, opposite the sun with

regard to the earth. The distance separating it from the radiant orb is then increased in round numbers to

"Very well said!" exclaimed Barbicane. "Do you know, Michel, that, for an amateur, you are intelligent."

Barbicane gravely grasped the hand of his amiable companion, and continued to enumerate the advantages

Among others, he mentioned eclipses of the sun, which only take place on this side of the lunar disc; since, in

order that they may take place, it is necessary for the moon to be in opposition. These eclipses, caused by the

interposition of the earth between the moon and the sun, can last two hours; during which time, by reason of

the rays refracted by its atmosphere, the terrestrial globe can appear as nothing but a black point upon the sun.

"So," said Nicholl, "there is a hemisphere, that invisible hemisphere which is very ill supplied, very ill

"Never mind," replied Michel; "if we ever become Selenites, we will inhabit the visible face. I like the light."

"Unless, by any chance," answered Nicholl, "the atmosphere should be condensed on the other side, as

Breakfast over, the observers returned to their post. They tried to see through the darkened scuttles by

extinguishing all light in the projectile; but not a luminous spark made its way through the darkness.

One inexplicable fact preoccupied Barbicane. Why, having passed within such a short distance of the

moonabout twentyfive miles only why the projectile had not fallen? If its speed had been enormous,

he could have understood that the fall would not have taken place; but, with a relatively moderate speed, that

resistance to the moon's attraction could not be explained. Was the projectile under some foreign influence?

Did some kind of body retain it in the ether? It was quite evident that it could never reach any point of the

moon. Whither was it going? Was it going farther from, or nearing, the disc? Was it being borne in that

profound darkness through the infinity of space? How could they learn, how calculate, in the midst of this

Certainly, the invisible orb was there, perhaps only some few miles off; but neither he nor his companions

could see it. If there was any noise on its surface, they could not hear it. Air, that medium of sound, was

wanting to transmit the groanings of that moon which the Arabic legends call "a man already half granite, and

One must allow that that was enough to aggravate the most patient observers. It was just that unknown

hemisphere which was stealing from their sight. That face which fifteen days sooner, or fifteen days later, had

been, or would be, splendidly illuminated by the solar rays, was then being lost in utter darkness. In fifteen

days where would the projectile be? Who could say? Where would the chances of conflicting attractions have

drawn it to? The disappointment of the travelers in the midst of this utter darkness may be imagined. All

observation of the lunar disc was impossible. The constellations alone claimed all their attention; and we

must allow that the astronomers Faye, Charconac, and Secchi, never found themselves in circumstances so

Indeed, nothing could equal the splendor of this starry world, bathed in limpid ether. Its diamonds set in the

heavenly vault sparkled magnificently. The eye took in the firmament from the Southern Cross to the North

Star, those two constellations which in 12,000 years, by reason of the succession of equinoxes, will resign

their part of the polar stars, the one to Canopus in the southern hemisphere, the other to Wega in the northern.

Imagination loses itself in this sublime Infinity, amid which the projectile was gravitating, like a new star

created by the hand of man. From a natural cause, these constellations shone with a soft luster; they did not

twinkle, for there was no atmosphere which, by the intervention of its layers unequally dense and of different

degrees of humidity, produces this scintillation. These stars were soft eyes, looking out into the dark night,

Long did the travelers stand mute, watching the constellated firmament, upon which the moon, like a vast

screen, made an enormous black hole. But at length a painful sensation drew them from their watchings. This

was an intense cold, which soon covered the inside of the glass of the scuttles with a thick coating of ice. The

sun was no longer warming the projectile with its direct rays, and thus it was losing the heat stored up in its

walls by degrees. This heat was rapidly evaporating into space by radiation, and a considerably lower

temperature was the result. The humidity of the interior was changed into ice upon contact with the glass,

Nicholl consulted the thermometer, and saw that it had fallen to seventeen degrees (Centigrade) below zero.

[3] So that, in spite of the many reasons for economizing, Barbicane, after having begged light from the gas,

was also obliged to beg for heat. The projectile's low temperature was no longer endurable. Its tenants would

"Well!" observed Michel, "we cannot reasonably complain of the monotony of our journey! What variety we

have had, at least in temperature. Now we are blinded with light and saturated with heat, like the Indians of

the Pampas! now plunged into profound darkness, amid the cold, like the Esquimaux of the north pole. No,

"Then," continued Michel Ardan, "would not this be the time to make the experiment which we dared not

"It is now or never," replied Barbicane, "for we are in a good position to verify the temperature of space, and

"In any case it is cold," said Michel. "See! the steam of the interior is condensing on the glasses of the

scuttles. If the fall continues, the vapor of our breath will fall in snow around us."

We may imagine that an ordinary thermometer would afford no result under the circumstances in which this

instrument was to be exposed. The mercury would have been frozen in its ball, as below 42@ Fahrenheit

below zero it is no longer liquid. But Barbicane had furnished himself with a spirit thermometer on

Before beginning the experiment, this instrument was compared with an ordinary one, and then Barbicane

"Nothing is easier," replied Michel Ardan, who was never at a loss. "We open the scuttle rapidly; throw out

the instrument; it follows the projectile with exemplary docility; and a quarter of an hour after, draw it in."

"Well, then, my friend, do not expose yourself," answered Barbicane, "for the hand that you draw in again

"You will feel as if you had had a terrible burn, like that of iron at a white heat; for whether the heat leaves

our bodies briskly or enters briskly, it is exactly the same thing. Besides, I am not at all certain that the

"Because, if we are passing through an atmosphere of the slightest density, these objects will be retarded.

Again, the darkness prevents our seeing if they still float around us. But in order not to expose ourselves to

the loss of our thermometer, we will fasten it, and we can then more easily pull it back again."

Barbicane's advice was followed. Through the scuttle rapidly opened, Nicholl threw out the instrument,

which was held by a short cord, so that it might be more easily drawn up. The scuttle had not been opened

"The devil!" exclaimed Michel Ardan, "it is cold enough to freeze a white bear."

Barbicane waited until half an hour had elapsed, which was more than time enough to allow the instrument to

fall to the level of the surrounding temperature. Then it was rapidly pulled in.

Barbicane calculated the quantity of spirits of wine overflowed into the little vial soldered to the lower part of

M. Pouillet was right and Fourier wrong. That was the undoubted temperature of the starry space. Such is,

perhaps, that of the lunar continents, when the orb of night has lost by radiation all the heat which fifteen

We may, perhaps, be astonished to find Barbicane and his companions so little occupied with the future

reserved for them in their metal prison which was bearing them through the infinity of space. Instead of

asking where they were going, they passed their time making experiments, as if they had been quietly

We might answer that men so strongminded were above such anxieties that they did not trouble

themselves about such trifles and that they had something else to do than to occupy their minds with the

The truth was that they were not masters of their projectile; they could neither check its course, nor alter its

A sailor can change the head of his ship as he pleases; an aeronaut can give a vertical motion to his balloon.

They, on the contrary, had no power over their vehicle. Every maneuver was forbidden. Hence the inclination

Where did they find themselves at this moment, at eight o'clock in the morning of the day called upon the

earth the 6th of December? Very certainly in the neighborhood of the moon, and even near enough for her to

look to them like an enormous black screen upon the firmament. As to the distance which separated them, it

was impossible to estimate it. The projectile, held by some unaccountable force, had been within four miles

But since entering the cone of shadow these last two hours, had the distance increased or diminished? Every

point of mark was wanting by which to estimate both the direction and the speed of the projectile.

Perhaps it was rapidly leaving the disc, so that it would soon quit the pure shadow. Perhaps, again, on the

other hand, it might be nearing it so much that in a short time it might strike some high point on the invisible

hemisphere, which would doubtlessly have ended the journey much to the detriment of the travelers.

A discussion arose on this subject, and Michel Ardan, always ready with an explanation, gave it as his

opinion that the projectile, held by the lunar attraction, would end by falling on the surface of the terrestrial

"First of all, my friend," answered Barbicane, "every aerolite does not fall to the earth; it is only a small

proportion which do so; and if we had passed into an aerolite, it does not necessarily follow that we should

"Pure mistake," replied Barbicane. "Have you not seen shooting stars rush through the sky by thousands at

"Well, these stars, or rather corpuscles, only shine when they are heated by gliding over the atmospheric

layers. Now, if they enter the atmosphere, they pass at least within forty miles of the earth, but they seldom

fall upon it. The same with our projectile. It may approach very near to the moon, and not yet fall upon it."

"But then," asked Michel, "I shall be curious to know how our erring vehicle will act in space?"

"The projectile has the choice between two mathematical curves, and it will follow one or the other according

to the speed with which it is animated, and which at this moment I cannot estimate."

"Just so," replied Barbicane. "With a certain speed it will assume the parabola, and with a greater the

"I like those grand words," exclaimed Michel Ardan; "one knows directly what they mean. And pray what is

"My friend," answered the captain, "the parabola is a curve of the second order, the result of the section of a

"It is very nearly," continued Nicholl, "the course described by a bomb launched from a mortar."

"The hyperbola, Michel, is a curve of the second order, produced by the intersection of a conic surface and a

plane parallel to its axis, and constitutes two branches separated one from the other, both tending indefinitely

"Is it possible!" exclaimed Michel Ardan in a serious tone, as if they had told him of some serious event.

"What I particularly like in your definition of the hyperbola (I was going to say hyperblague) is that it is still

Nicholl and Barbicane cared little for Michel Ardan's fun. They were deep in a scientific discussion. What

curve would the projectile follow? was their hobby. One maintained the hyperbola, the other the parabola.

They gave each other reasons bristling with x. Their arguments were couched in language which made

Michel jump. The discussion was hot, and neither would give up his chosen curve to his adversary.

"Now, gentlemen cosines, will you cease to throw parabolas and hyperbolas at each other's heads? I want to

understand the only interesting question in the whole affair. We shall follow one or the other of these curves?

"Evidently," said Barbicane, "they are open curves, which may be prolonged indefinitely."

"Ah, savants!" cried Michel; "and what are either the one or the other to us from the moment we know that

Barbicane and Nicholl could not forbear smiling. They had just been creating "art for art's sake." Never had

so idle a question been raised at such an inopportune moment. The sinister truth remained that, whether

hyperbolically or parabolically borne away, the projectile would never again meet either the earth or the

What would become of these bold travelers in the immediate future? If they did not die of hunger, if they did

not die of thirst, in some days, when the gas failed, they would die from want of air, unless the cold had killed

them first. Still, important as it was to economize the gas, the excessive lowness of the surrounding

temperature obliged them to consume a certain quantity. Strictly speaking, they could do without its light, but

not without its heat. Fortunately the caloric generated by Reiset's and Regnaut's apparatus raised the

temperature of the interior of the projectile a little, and without much expenditure they were able to keep it

But observations had now become very difficult. the dampness of the projectile was condensed on the

windows and congealed immediately. This cloudiness had to be dispersed continually. In any case they might

But up to this time the disc remained dumb and dark. It did not answer the multiplicity of questions put by

these ardent minds; a matter which drew this reflection from Michel, apparently a just one:

"If ever we begin this journey over again, we shall do well to choose the time when the moon is at the full."

"Certainly," said Nicholl, "that circumstance will be more favorable. I allow that the moon, immersed in the

sun's rays, will not be visible during the transit, but instead we should see the earth, which would be full. And

what is more, if we were drawn round the moon, as at this moment, we should at least have the advantage of

"I think this," answered the grave president: "If ever we begin this journey again, we shall start at the same

time and under the same conditions. Suppose we had attained our end, would it not have been better to have

found continents in broad daylight than a country plunged in utter darkness? Would not our first installation

have been made under better circumstances? Yes, evidently. As to the invisible side, we could have visited it

in our exploring expeditions on the lunar globe. So that the time of the full moon was well chosen. But we

ought to have arrived at the end; and in order to have so arrived, we ought to have suffered no deviation on

"I have nothing to say to that," answered Michel Ardan. "Here is, however, a good opportunity lost of

But the projectile was now describing in the shadow that incalculable course which no sightmark would

allow them to ascertain. Had its direction been altered, either by the influence of the lunar attraction, or by the

action of some unknown star? Barbicane could not say. But a change had taken place in the relative position

The change consisted in this, that the base of the projectile had turned toward the moon's surface, and was so

held by a perpendicular passing through its axis. The attraction, that is to say the weight, had brought about

this alteration. The heaviest part of the projectile inclined toward the invisible disc as if it would fall upon it.

Was it falling? Were the travelers attaining that much desired end? No. And the observation of a signpoint,

quite inexplicable in itself, showed Barbicane that his projectile was not nearing the moon, and that it had

This point of mark was a luminous brightness, which Nicholl sighted suddenly, on the limit of the horizon

formed by the black disc. This point could not be confounded with a star. It was a reddish incandescence

which increased by degrees, a decided proof that the projectile was shifting toward it and not falling normally

"A volcano! it is a volcano in action!" cried Nicholl; "a disemboweling of the interior fires of the moon! That

"Yes, an eruption," replied Barbicane, who was carefully studying the phenomenon through his night glass.

"But, then," said Michel Ardan, "in order to maintain that combustion, there must be air. So the atmosphere

The volcano, by the decomposition of certain substances, can provide its own oxygen, and thus throw flames

into space. It seems to me that the deflagration, by the intense brilliancy of the substances in combustion, is

produced in pure oxygen. We must not be in a hurry to proclaim the existence of a lunar atmosphere."

The fiery mountain must have been situated about the 45@ south latitude on the invisible part of the disc;

but, to Barbicane's great displeasure, the curve which the projectile was describing was taking it far from the

point indicated by the eruption. Thus he could not determine its nature exactly. Half an hour after being

sighted, this luminous point had disappeared behind the dark horizon; but the verification of this phenomenon

was of considerable consequence in their selenographic studies. It proved that all heat had not yet disappeared

from the bowels of this globe; and where heat exists, who can affirm that the vegetable kingdom, nay, even

the animal kingdom itself, has not up to this time resisted all destructive influences? The existence of this

volcano in eruption, unmistakably seen by these earthly savants, would doubtless give rise to many theories

Barbicane allowed himself to be carried away by these reflections. He forgot himself in a deep reverie in

which the mysterious destiny of the lunar world was uppermost. He was seeking to combine together the

facts observed up to that time, when a new incident recalled him briskly to reality. This incident was more

than a cosmical phenomenon; it was a threatened danger, the consequence of which might be disastrous in the

Suddenly, in the midst of the ether, in the profound darkness, an enormous mass appeared. It was like a

moon, but an incandescent moon whose brilliancy was all the more intolerable as it cut sharply on the

frightful darkness of space. This mass, of a circular form, threw a light which filled the projectile. The forms

of Barbicane, Nicholl, and Michel Ardan, bathed in its white sheets, assumed that livid spectral appearance

which physicians produce with the fictitious light of alcohol impregnated with salt.

"By Jove!" cried Michel Ardan, "we are hideous. What is that illconditioned moon?"

This shooting globe suddenly appearing in shadow at a distance of at most 200 miles, ought, according to

Barbicane, to have a diameter of 2,000 yards. It advanced at a speed of about one mile and a half per second.

It cut the projectile's path and must reach it in some minutes. As it approached it grew to enormous

Imagine, if possible, the situation of the travelers! It is impossible to describe it. In spite of their courage,

their sangfroid, their carelessness of danger, they were mute, motionless with stiffened limbs, a prey to

frightful terror. Their projectile, the course of which they could not alter, was rushing straight on this ignited

mass, more intense than the open mouth of an oven. It seemed as though they were being precipitated toward

Barbicane had seized the hands of his two companions, and all three looked through their halfopen eyelids

upon that asteroid heated to a white heat. If thought was not destroyed within them, if their brains still

Two minutes after the sudden appearance of the meteor (to them two centuries of anguish) the projectile

seemed almost about to strike it, when the globe of fire burst like a bomb, but without making any noise in

that void where sound, which is but the agitation of the layers of air, could not be generated.

Nicholl uttered a cry, and he and his companions rushed to the scuttle. What a sight! What pen can describe

it? What palette is rich enough in colors to reproduce so magnificent a spectacle?

It was like the opening of a crater, like the scattering of an immense conflagration. Thousands of luminous

fragments lit up and irradiated space with their fires. Every size, every color, was there intermingled. There

were rays of yellow and pale yellow, red, green, gray a crown of fireworks of all colors. Of the enormous

and muchdreaded globe there remained nothing but these fragments carried in all directions, now become

asteroids in their turn, some flaming like a sword, some surrounded by a whitish cloud, and others leaving

These incandescent blocks crossed and struck each other, scattering still smaller fragments, some of which

struck the projectile. Its left scuttle was even cracked by a violent shock. It seemed to be floating amid a hail

The light which saturated the ether was so wonderfully intense, that Michel, drawing Barbicane and Nicholl

And through a luminous emanation, which lasted some seconds, the whole three caught a glimpse of that

mysterious disc which the eye of man now saw for the first time. What could they distinguish at a distance

which they could not estimate? Some lengthened bands along the disc, real clouds formed in the midst of a

very confined atmosphere, from which emerged not only all the mountains, but also projections of less

importance; its circles, its yawning craters, as capriciously placed as on the visible surface. Then immense

spaces, no longer arid plains, but real seas, oceans, widely distributed, reflecting on their liquid surface all the

dazzling magic of the fires of space; and, lastly, on the surface of the continents, large dark masses, looking

Was it an illusion, a mistake, an optical illusion? Could they give a scientific assent to an observation so

superficially obtained? Dared they pronounce upon the question of its habitability after so slight a glimpse of

But the lightnings in space subsided by degrees; its accidental brilliancy died away; the asteroids dispersed in

The ether returned to its accustomed darkness; the stars, eclipsed for a moment, again twinkled in the

firmament, and the disc, so hastily discerned, was again buried in impenetrable night.

The projectile had just escaped a terrible danger, and a very unforseen one. Who would have thought of such

an encounter with meteors? These erring bodies might create serious perils for the travelers. They were to

them so many sandbanks upon that sea of ether which, less fortunate than sailors, they could not escape. But

did these adventurers complain of space? No, not since nature had given them the splendid sight of a

cosmical meteor bursting from expansion, since this inimitable firework, which no Ruggieri could imitate,

had lit up for some seconds the invisible glory of the moon. In that flash, continents, seas, and forests had

become visible to them. Did an atmosphere, then, bring to this unknown face its lifegiving atoms?

It was then halfpast three in the afternoon. The projectile was following its curvilinear direction round the

moon. Had its course again been altered by the meteor? It was to be feared so. But the projectile must

describe a curve unalterably determined by the laws of mechanical reasoning. Barbicane was inclined to

believe that this curve would be rather a parabola than a hyperbola. But admitting the parabola, the projectile

must quickly have passed through the cone of shadow projected into space opposite the sun. This cone,

indeed, is very narrow, the angular diameter of the moon being so little when compared with the diameter of

the orb of day; and up to this time the projectile had been floating in this deep shadow. Whatever had been its

speed (and it could not have been insignificant), its period of occultation continued. That was evident, but

perhaps that would not have been the case in a supposedly rigidly parabolical trajectory a new problem

which tormented Barbicane's brain, imprisoned as he was in a circle of unknowns which he could not

Neither of the travelers thought of taking an instant's repose. Each one watched for an unexpected fact, which

might throw some new light on their uranographic studies. About five o'clock, Michel Ardan distributed,

under the name of dinner, some pieces of bread and cold meat, which were quickly swallowed without either

of them abandoning their scuttle, the glass of which was incessantly encrusted by the condensation of vapor.

About fortyfive minutes past five in the evening, Nicholl, armed with his glass, sighted toward the southern

border of the moon, and in the direction followed by the projectile, some bright points cut upon the dark

shield of the sky. They looked like a succession of sharp points lengthened into a tremulous line. They were

very bright. Such appeared the terminal line of the moon when in one of her octants.

They could not be mistaken. It was no longer a simple meteor. This luminous ridge had neither color nor

motion. Nor was it a volcano in eruption. And Barbicane did not hesitate to pronounce upon it.

"Yes, my friends, it is the radiant orb itself lighting up the summit of the mountains situated on the southern

"After having passed the north pole," replied Michel. "We have made the circuit of our satellite, then?"

"An ellipse. Instead of losing itself in interplanetary space, it is probable that the projectile will describe an

"Only, I would have you observe, my worthy friend," replied Barbicane, "that we are none the less lost for

"Yes, in another manner, and much more pleasantly," answered the careless Frenchman with his most

At six in the evening the projectile passed the south pole at less than forty miles off, a distance equal to that

already reached at the north pole. The elliptical curve was being rigidly carried out.

At this moment the travelers once more entered the blessed rays of the sun. They saw once more those stars

which move slowly from east to west. The radiant orb was saluted by a triple hurrah. With its light it also sent

heat, which soon pierced the metal walls. The glass resumed its accustomed appearance. The layers of ice

melted as if by enchantment; and immediately, for economy's sake, the gas was put out, the air apparatus

"Ah!" said Nicholl, "these rays of heat are good. With what impatience must the Selenites wait the

"Yes," replied Michel Ardan, "imbibing as it were the brilliant ether, light and heat, all life is contained in

At this moment the bottom of the projectile deviated somewhat from the lunar surface, in order to follow the

slightly lengthened elliptical orbit. From this point, had the earth been at the full, Barbicane and his

companions could have seen it, but immersed in the sun's irradiation she was quite invisible. Another

spectacle attracted their attention, that of the southern part of the moon, brought by the glasses to within 450

yards. They did not again leave the scuttles, and noted every detail of this fantastical continent.

Mounts Doerful and Leibnitz formed two separate groups very near the south pole. The first group extended

from the pole to the eightyfourth parallel, on the eastern part of the orb; the second occupied the eastern

On their capriciously formed ridge appeared dazzling sheets, as mentioned by Pere Secchi. With more

certainty than the illustrious Roman astronomer, Barbicane was enabled to recognize their nature.

"Yes, Nicholl, snow; the surface of which is deeply frozen. See how they reflect the luminous rays. Cooled

lava would never give out such intense reflection. There must then be water, there must be air on the moon.

As little as you please, but the fact can no longer be contested." No, it could not be. And if ever Barbicane

should see the earth again, his notes will bear witness to this great fact in his selenographic observations.

These mountains of Doerful and Leibnitz rose in the midst of plains of a medium extent, which were bounded

by an indefinite succession of circles and annular ramparts. These two chains are the only ones met with in

this region of circles. Comparatively but slightly marked, they throw up here and there some sharp points, the

But the projectile was high above all this landscape, and the projections disappeared in the intense brilliancy

of the disc. And to the eyes of the travelers there reappeared that original aspect of the lunar landscapes, raw

in tone, without gradation of colors, and without degrees of shadow, roughly black and white, from the want

But the sight of this desolate world did not fail to captivate them by its very strangeness. They were moving

over this region as if they had been borne on the breath of some storm, watching heights defile under their

feet, piercing the cavities with their eyes, going down into the rifts, climbing the ramparts, sounding these

mysterious holes, and leveling all cracks. But no trace of vegetation, no appearance of cities; nothing but

stratification, beds of lava, overflowings polished like immense mirrors, reflecting the sun's rays with

overpowering brilliancy. Nothing belonging to a living world everything to a dead world, where

avalanches, rolling from the summits of the mountains, would disperse noiselessly at the bottom of the abyss,

retaining the motion, but wanting the sound. In any case it was the image of death, without its being possible

Michel Ardan, however, thought he recognized a heap of ruins, to which he drew Barbicane's attention. It

was about the 80th parallel, in 30@ longitude. This heap of stones, rather regularly placed, represented a vast

fortress, overlooking a long rift, which in former days had served as a bed to the rivers of prehistorical times.

Not far from that, rose to a height of 17,400 feet the annular mountain of Short, equal to the Asiatic

Caucasus. Michel Ardan, with his accustomed ardor, maintained "the evidences" of his fortress. Beneath it he

discerned the dismantled ramparts of a town; here the still intact arch of a portico, there two or three columns

lying under their base; farther on, a succession of arches which must have supported the conduit of an

aqueduct; in another part the sunken pillars of a gigantic bridge, run into the thickest parts of the rift. He

distinguished all this, but with so much imagination in his glance, and through glasses so fantastical, that we

must mistrust his observation. But who could affirm, who would dare to say, that the amiable fellow did not

Moments were too precious to be sacrificed in idle discussion. The selenite city, whether imaginary or not,

had already disappeared afar off. The distance of the projectile from the lunar disc was on the increase, and

the details of the soil were being lost in a confused jumble. The reliefs, the circles, the craters, and the plains

alone remained, and still showed their boundary lines distinctly. At this moment, to the left, lay extended one

of the finest circles of lunar orography, one of the curiosities of this continent. It was Newton, which

Newton is situated in exactly 77@ south latitude, and 16@ east longitude. It forms an annular crater, the

Barbicane made his companions observe that the height of this mountain above the surrounding plain was far

from equaling the depth of its crater. This enormous hole was beyond all measurement, and formed a gloomy

abyss, the bottom of which the sun's rays could never reach. There, according to Humboldt, reigns utter

darkness, which the light of the sun and the earth cannot break. Mythologists could well have made it the

"Newton," said Barbicane, "is the most perfect type of these annular mountains, of which the earth possesses

no sample. They prove that the moon's formation, by means of cooling, is due to violent causes; for while,

under the pressure of internal fires the reliefs rise to considerable height, the depths withdraw far below the

Some minutes after passing Newton, the projectile directly overlooked the annular mountains of Moret. It

skirted at some distance the summits of Blancanus, and at about halfpast seven in the evening reached the

This circle, one of the most remarkable of the disc, is situated in 58@ south latitude, and 15@ east longitude.

Its height is estimated at 22,950 feet. The travelers, at a distance of twentyfour miles (reduced to four by

"Terrestrial volcanoes," said Barbicane, "are but molehills compared with those of the moon. Measuring the

old craters formed by the first eruptions of Vesuvius and Etna, we find them little more than three miles in

breadth. In France the circle of Cantal measures six miles across; at Ceyland the circle of the island is forty

miles, which is considered the largest on the globe. What are these diameters against that of Clavius, which

"It is 150 miles," replied Barbicane. "This circle is certainly the most important on the moon, but many others

"Ah! my friends," exclaimed Michel, "can you picture to yourselves what this now peaceful orb of night must

have been when its craters, filled with thunderings, vomited at the same time smoke and tongues of flame.

What a wonderful spectacle then, and now what decay! This moon is nothing more than a thin carcase of

fireworks, whose squibs, rockets, serpents, and suns, after a superb brilliancy, have left but sadly broken

cases. Who can say the cause, the reason, the motive force of these cataclysms?"

Barbicane was not listening to Michel Ardan; he was contemplating these ramparts of Clavius, formed by

large mountains spread over several miles. At the bottom of the immense cavity burrowed hundreds of small

extinguished craters, riddling the soil like a colander, and overlooked by a peak 15,000 feet high.

Around the plain appeared desolate. Nothing so arid as these reliefs, nothing so sad as these ruins of

mountains, and (if we may so express ourselves) these fragments of peaks and mountains which strewed the

The projectile was still advancing, and this movement did not subside. Circles, craters, and uprooted

mountains succeeded each other incessantly. No more plains; no more seas. A never ending Switzerland and

Norway. And lastly, in the canter of this region of crevasses, the most splendid mountain on the lunar disc,

the dazzling Tycho, in which posterity will ever preserve the name of the illustrious Danish astronomer.

In observing the full moon in a cloudless sky no one has failed to remark this brilliant point of the southern

hemisphere. Michel Ardan used every metaphor that his imagination could supply to designate it by. To him

this Tycho was a focus of light, a center of irradiation, a crater vomiting rays. It was the tire of a brilliant

wheel, an asteria enclosing the disc with its silver tentacles, an enormous eye filled with flames, a glory

carved for Pluto's head, a star launched by the Creator's hand, and crushed against the face of the moon!

Tycho forms such a concentration of light that the inhabitants of the earth can see it without glasses, though

at a distance of 240,000 miles! Imagine, then, its intensity to the eye of observers placed at a distance of only

fifty miles! Seen through this pure ether, its brilliancy was so intolerable that Barbicane and his friends were

obliged to blacken their glasses with the gas smoke before they could bear the splendor. Then silent, scarcely

uttering an interjection of admiration, they gazed, they contemplated. All their feelings, all their impressions,

were concentrated in that look, as under any violent emotion all life is concentrated at the heart.

Tycho belongs to the system of radiating mountains, like Aristarchus and Copernicus; but it is of all the most

complete and decided, showing unquestionably the frightful volcanic action to which the formation of the

moon is due. Tycho is situated in 43@ south latitude, and 12@ east longitude. Its center is occupied by a

crater fifty miles broad. It assumes a slightly elliptical form, and is surrounded by an enclosure of annular

ramparts, which on the east and west overlook the outer plain from a height of 15,000 feet. It is a group of

What this incomparable mountain really is, with all the projections converging toward it, and the interior

excrescences of its crater, photography itself could never represent. Indeed, it is during the full moon that

Tycho is seen in all its splendor. Then all shadows disappear, the foreshortening of perspective disappears,

and all proofs become white a disagreeable fact: for this strange region would have been marvelous if

reproduced with photographic exactness. It is but a group of hollows, craters, circles, a network of crests;

then, as far as the eye could see, a whole volcanic network cast upon this encrusted soil. One can then

understand that the bubbles of this central eruption have kept their first form. Crystallized by cooling, they

have stereotyped that aspect which the moon formerly presented when under the Plutonian forces.

The distance which separated the travelers from the annular summits of Tycho was not so great but that they

could catch the principal details. Even on the causeway forming the fortifications of Tycho, the mountains

hanging on to the interior and exterior sloping flanks rose in stories like gigantic terraces. They appeared to

be higher by 300 or 400 feet to the west than to the east. No system of terrestrial encampment could equal

these natural fortifications. A town built at the bottom of this circular cavity would have been utterly

Inaccessible and wonderfully extended over this soil covered with picturesque projections! Indeed, nature had

not left the bottom of this crater flat and empty. It possessed its own peculiar orography, a mountainous

system, making it a world in itself. The travelers could distinguish clearly cones, central hills, remarkable

positions of the soil, naturally placed to receive the chefsd'oeuvre of Selenite architecture. There was

marked out the place for a temple, here the ground of a forum, on this spot the plan of a palace, in another the

plateau for a citadel; the whole overlooked by a central mountain of 1,500 feet. A vast circle, in which

"Ah!" exclaimed Michel Ardan, enthusiastic at the sight; "what a grand town might be constructed within that

ring of mountains! A quiet city, a peaceful refuge, beyond all human misery. How calm and isolated those

misanthropes, those haters of humanity might live there, and all who have a distaste for social life!"

But the projectile had passed the enceinte of Tycho, and Barbicane and his two companions watched with

scrupulous attention the brilliant rays which the celebrated mountain shed so curiously over the horizon.

What was this radiant glory? What geological phenomenon had designed these ardent beams? This question

Under his eyes ran in all directions luminous furrows, raised at the edges and concave in the center, some

twelve miles, others thirty miles broad. These brilliant trains extended in some places to within 600 miles of

Tycho, and seemed to cover, particularly toward the east, the northeast and the north, the half of the southern

hemisphere. One of these jets extended as far as the circle of Neander, situated on the 40th meridian.

Another, by a slight curve, furrowed the "Sea of Nectar," breaking against the chain of Pyrenees, after a

circuit of 800 miles. Others, toward the west, covered the "Sea of Clouds" and the "Sea of Humors" with a

luminous network. What was the origin of these sparkling rays, which shone on the plains as well as on the

reliefs, at whatever height they might be? All started from a common center, the crater of Tycho. They sprang

from him. Herschel attributed their brilliancy to currents of lava congealed by the cold; an opinion, however,

which has not been generally adopted. Other astronomers have seen in these inexplicable rays a kind of

moraines, rows of erratic blocks, which had been thrown up at the period of Tycho's formation.

"And why not?" asked Nicholl of Barbicane, who was relating and rejecting these different opinions.

"Because the regularity of these luminous lines, and the violence necessary to carry volcanic matter to such

"Eh! by Jove!" replied Michel Ardan, "it seems easy enough to me to explain the origin of these rays."

"Indeed," continued Michel. "It is enough to say that it is a vast star, similar to that produced by a ball or a

"Well!" replied Barbicane, smiling. "And what hand would be powerful enough to throw a ball to give such a

"The hand is not necessary," answered Nicholl, not at all confounded; "and as to the stone, let us suppose it to

"Ah! those muchabused comets!" exclaimed Barbicane. "My brave Michel, your explanation is not bad; but

your comet is useless. The shock which produced that rent must have some from the inside of the star. A

violent contraction of the lunar crust, while cooling, might suffice to imprint this gigantic star."

"Besides," added Barbicane, "this opinion is that of an English savant, Nasmyth, and it seems to me to

Long did the travelers, whom such a sight could never weary, admire the splendors of Tycho. Their

projectile, saturated with luminous gleams in the double irradiation of sun and moon, must have appeared like

an incandescent globe. They had passed suddenly from excessive cold to intense heat. Nature was thus

preparing them to become Selenites. Become Selenites! That idea brought up once more the question of the

habitability of the moon. After what they had seen, could the travelers solve it? Would they decide for or

against it? Michel Ardan persuaded his two friends to form an opinion, and asked them directly if they

"I think that we can answer," said Barbicane; "but according to my idea the question ought not to be put in

"Here it is," continued Barbicane. "The problem is a double one, and requires a double solution. Is the moon

"And I answer in the negative," continued Barbicane. "In her actual state, with her surrounding atmosphere

certainly very much reduced, her seas for the most part dried up, her insufficient supply of water restricted,

vegetation, sudden alternations of cold and heat, her days and nights of 354 hours the moon does not seem

habitable to me, nor does she seem propitious to animal development, nor sufficient for the wants of

"Agreed," replied Nicholl. "But is not the moon habitable for creatures differently organized from ourselves?"

"That question is more difficult to answer, but I will try; and I ask Nicholl if motion appears to him to be a

"Then, my worthy companion, I would answer that we have observed the lunar continent at a distance of 500

yards at most, and that nothing seemed to us to move on the moon's surface. The presence of any kind of life

would have been betrayed by its attendant marks, such as divers buildings, and even by ruins. And what have

we seen? Everywhere and always the geological works of nature, never the work of man. If, then, there exist

representatives of the animal kingdom on the moon, they must have fled to those unfathomable cavities

which the eye cannot reach; which I cannot admit, for they must have left traces of their passage on those

plains which the atmosphere must cover, however slightly raised it may be. These traces are nowhere visible.

There remains but one hypothesis, that of a living race to which motion, which is life, is foreign."

"Very well," continued Michel Ardan, "the Scientific Commission assembled in the projectile of the Gun

Club, after having founded their argument on facts recently observed, decide unanimously upon the question

This decision was consigned by President Barbicane to his notebook, where the process of the sitting of the

"Now," said Nicholl, "let us attack the second question, an indispensable complement of the first. I ask the

honorable commission, if the moon is not habitable, has she ever been inhabited, Citizen Barbicane?"

"My friends," replied Barbicane, "I did not undertake this journey in order to form an opinion on the past

habitability of our satellite; but I will add that our personal observations only confirm me in this opinion. I

believe, indeed I affirm, that the moon has been inhabited by a human race organized like our own; that she

has produced animals anatomically formed like the terrestrial animals: but I add that these races, human and

"No!" said Barbicane decidedly, "but a world which has grown old quicker, and whose formation and

deformation have been more rapid. Relatively, the organizing force of matter has been much more violent in

the interior of the moon than in the interior of the terrestrial globe. The actual state of this cracked, twisted,

and burst disc abundantly proves this. The moon and the earth were nothing but gaseous masses originally.

These gases have passed into a liquid state under different influences, and the solid masses have been formed

later. But most certainly our sphere was still gaseous or liquid, when the moon was solidified by cooling, and

"Then," continued Barbicane, "an atmosphere surrounded it, the waters contained within this gaseous

envelope could not evaporate. Under the influence of air, water, light, solar heat, and central heat, vegetation

took possession of the continents prepared to receive it, and certainly life showed itself about this period, for

nature does not expend herself in vain; and a world so wonderfully formed for habitation must necessarily be

"But," said Nicholl, "many phenomena inherent in our satellite might cramp the expansion of the animal and

"Let us observe, my friends," continued Barbicane, "that if in the actual state of the moon its long nights and

long days created differences of temperature insupportable to organization, it was not so at the historical

period of time. The atmosphere enveloped the disc with a fluid mantle; vapor deposited itself in the shape of

clouds; this natural screen tempered the ardor of the solar rays, and retained the nocturnal radiation. Light,

like heat, can diffuse itself in the air; hence an equality between the influences which no longer exists, now

that atmosphere has almost entirely disappeared. And now I am going to astonish you."

"I firmly believe that at the period when the moon was inhabited, the nights and days did not last 354 hours!"

"Because most probably then the rotary motion of the moon upon her axis was not equal to her revolution, an

equality which presents each part of her disc during fifteen days to the action of the solar rays."

"Granted," replied Nicholl, "but why should not these two motions have been equal, as they are really so?"

"Because that equality has only been determined by terrestrial attraction. And who can say that this attraction

was powerful enough to alter the motion of the moon at that period when the earth was still fluid?"

"Just so," replied Nicholl; "and who can say that the moon has always been a satellite of the earth?"

"And who can say," exclaimed Michel Ardan, "that the moon did not exist before the earth?"

Their imaginations carried them away into an indefinite field of hypothesis. Barbicane sought to restrain

"Those speculations are too high," said he; "problems utterly insoluble. Do not let us enter upon them. Let us

only admit the insufficiency of the primordial attraction; and then by the inequality of the two motions of

rotation and revolution, the days and nights could have succeeded each other on the moon as they succeed

each other on the earth. Besides, even without these conditions, life was possible."

"Yes," replied Barbicane, "after having doubtless remained persistently for millions of centuries; by degrees

the atmosphere becoming rarefied, the disc became uninhabitable, as the terrestrial globe will one day

"Certainly," replied Barbicane; "as the internal fires became extinguished, and the incandescent matter

concentrated itself, the lunar crust cooled. By degrees the consequences of these phenomena showed

themselves in the disappearance of organized beings, and by the disappearance of vegetation. Soon the

atmosphere was rarefied, probably withdrawn by terrestrial attraction; then aerial departure of respirable air,

and disappearance of water by means of evaporation. At this period the moon becoming uninhabitable, was

"And have they calculated the time which our unfortunate sphere will take to cool?"

"But speak, then, my clumsy savant," exclaimed Michel Ardan, "for you make me boil with impatience!"

"Very well, my good Michel," replied Barbicane quietly; "we know what diminution of temperature the earth

undergoes in the lapse of a century. And according to certain calculations, this mean temperature will after a

"Four hundred thousand years!" exclaimed Michel. "Ah! I breathe again. Really I was frightened to hear you;

Barbicane and Nicholl could not help laughing at their companion's uneasiness. Then Nicholl, who wished to

end the discussion, put the second question, which had just been considered again.

The answer was unanimously in the affirmative. But during this discussion, fruitful in somewhat hazardous

theories, the projectile was rapidly leaving the moon: the lineaments faded away from the travelers' eyes,

mountains were confused in the distance; and of all the wonderful, strange, and fantastical form of the earth's

For a long time Barbicane and his companions looked silently and sadly upon that world which they had only

seen from a distance, as Moses saw the land of Canaan, and which they were leaving without a possibility of

ever returning to it. The projectile's position with regard to the moon had altered, and the base was now

This change, which Barbicane verified, did not fail to surprise them. If the projectile was to gravitate round

the satellite in an elliptical orbit, why was not its heaviest part turned toward it, as the moon turns hers to the

In watching the course of the projectile they could see that on leaving the moon it followed a course

analogous to that traced in approaching her. It was describing a very long ellipse, which would most likely

extend to the point of equal attraction, where the influences of the earth and its satellite are neutralized.

Such was the conclusion which Barbicane very justly drew from facts already observed, a conviction which

"And when arrived at this dead point, what will become of us?" asked Michel Ardan.

"Two," answered Barbicane; "either the projectile's speed will be insufficient, and it will remain forever

"Or," continued Barbicane, "its speed will be sufficient, and it will continue its elliptical course, to gravitate

"A revolution not at all consoling," said Michel, "to pass to the state of humble servants to a moon whom we

are accustomed to look upon as our own handmaid. So that is the fate in store for us?"

"Yes," continued Michel, getting animated, "or else alter it, and employ it to the accomplishment of our own

"That is your affair. If artillerymen are not masters of their projectile they are not artillerymen. If the

projectile is to command the gunner, we had better ram the gunner into the gun. My faith! fine savants! who

"Inducing you!" cried Barbicane and Nicholl. "Inducing you! What do you mean by that?"

"No recrimination," said Michel. "I do not complain, the trip has pleased me, and the projectile agrees with

me; but let us do all that is humanly possible to do the fall somewhere, even if only on the moon."

"What would you throw out?" said Nicholl. "We have no ballast on board; and indeed it seems to me that if

"Neither slower nor quicker," said Barbicane, wishing to make his two friends agree; "for we float is space,

"Very well," cried Michel Ardan in a decided voice; "then their remains but one thing to do."

"Breakfast," answered the cool, audacious Frenchman, who always brought up this solution at the most

In any case, if this operation had no influence on the projectile's course, it could at least be tried without

inconvenience, and even with success from a stomachic point of view. Certainly Michel had none but good

They breakfasted then at two in the morning; the hour mattered little. Michel served his usual repast, crowned

by a glorious bottle drawn from his private cellar. If ideas did not crowd on their brains, we must despair of

the Chambertin of 1853. The repast finished, observation began again. Around the projectile, at an invariable

distance, were the objects which had been thrown out. Evidently, in its translatory motion round the moon, it

had not passed through any atmosphere, for the specific weight of these different objects would have checked

On the side of the terrestrial sphere nothing was to be seen. The earth was but a day old, having been new the

night before at twelve; and two days must elapse before its crescent, freed from the solar rays, would serve as

a clock to the Selenites, as in its rotary movement each of its points after twentyfour hours repasses the

On the moon's side the sight was different; the orb shone in all her splendor amid innumerable constellations,

whose purity could not be troubled by her rays. On the disc, the plains were already returning to the dark tint

which is seen from the earth. The other part of the nimbus remained brilliant, and in the midst of this general

Barbicane had no means of estimating the projectile's speed, but reasoning showed that it must uniformly

decrease, according to the laws of mechanical reasoning. Having admitted that the projectile was describing

an orbit around the moon, this orbit must necessarily be elliptical; science proves that it must be so. No

motive body circulating round an attracting body fails in this law. Every orbit described in space is elliptical.

And why should the projectile of the Gun Club escape this natural arrangement? In elliptical orbits, the

attracting body always occupies one of the foci; so that at one moment the satellite is nearer, and at another

farther from the orb around which it gravitates. When the earth is nearest the sun she is in her perihelion; and

in her aphelion at the farthest point. Speaking of the moon, she is nearest to the earth in her perigee, and

farthest from it in her apogee. To use analogous expressions, with which the astronomers' language is

enriched, if the projectile remains as a satellite of the moon, we must say that it is in its "aposelene" at its

farthest point, and in its "periselene" at its nearest. In the latter case, the projectile would attain its maximum

of speed; and in the former its minimum. It was evidently moving toward its aposelenitical point; and

Barbicane had reason to think that its speed would decrease up to this point, and then increase by degrees as it

neared the moon. This speed would even become nil, if this point joined that of equal attraction. Barbicane

studied the consequences of these different situations, and thinking what inference he could draw from them,

"Because we have a very simple means of checking this speed which is bearing us from the moon, and we do

"We have not used this force yet," said Barbicane, "it is true, but we will do so."

"When the time comes. Observe, my friends, that in the position occupied by the projectile, an oblique

position with regard to the lunar disc, our rockets, in slightly altering its direction, might turn it from the

"Let us wait, then. By some inexplicable influence, the projectile is turning its base toward the earth. It is

probable that at the point of equal attraction, its conical cap will be directed rigidly toward the moon; at that

moment we may hope that its speed will be nil; then will be the moment to act, and with the influence of our

rockets we may perhaps provoke a fall directly on the surface of the lunar disc."

"Bravo!" said Michel. "What we did not do, what we could not do on our first passage at the dead point,

"Let us wait patiently," continued Barbicane. "Putting every chance on our side, and after having so much

This conclusion was a signal for Michel Ardan's hips and hurrahs. And none of the audacious boobies

remembered the question that they themselves had solved in the negative. No! the moon is not inhabited; no!

the moon is probably not habitable. And yet they were going to try everything to reach her.

One single question remained to be solved. At what precise moment the projectile would reach the point of

equal attraction, on which the travelers must play their last card. In order to calculate this to within a few

seconds, Barbicane had only to refer to his notes, and to reckon the different heights taken on the lunar

parallels. Thus the time necessary to travel over the distance between the dead point and the south pole would

be equal to the distance separating the north pole from the dead point. The hours representing the time

traveled over were carefully noted, and the calculation was easy. Barbicane found that this point would be

reached at one in the morning on the night of the 7th8th of December. So that, if nothing interfered with its

The rockets had primarily been placed to check the fall of the projectile upon the moon, and now they were

going to employ them for a directly contrary purpose. In any case they were ready, and they had only to wait

"It is forty hours since we closed our eyes," said Nicholl. "Some hours of sleep will restore our strength."

"Well," continued Nicholl, "every one to his taste; I shall go to sleep." And stretching himself on the divan,

"That Nicholl has a good deal of sense," said Barbicane; "presently I shall follow his example." Some

"Certainly," said Michel Ardan, finding himself alone, "these practical people have sometimes most

And with his long legs stretched out, and his great arms folded under his head, Michel slept in his turn.

But this sleep could be neither peaceful nor lasting, the minds of these three men were too much occupied,

and some hours after, about seven in the morning, all three were on foot at the same instant.

The projectile was still leaving the moon, and turning its conical part more and more toward her.

The day seemed long. However bold the travelers might be, they were greatly impressed by the approach of

that moment which would decide all either precipitate their fall on to the moon, or forever chain them in an

immutable orbit. They counted the hours as they passed too slow for their wish; Barbicane and Nicholl were

obstinately plunged in their calculations, Michel going and coming between the narrow walls, and watching

At times recollections of the earth crossed their minds. They saw once more their friends of the Gun Club,

and the dearest of all, J. T. Maston. At that moment, the honorable secretary must be filling his post on the

Rocky Mountains. If he could see the projectile through the glass of his gigantic telescope, what would he

think? After seeing it disappear behind the moon's south pole, he would see them reappear by the north pole!

They must therefore be a satellite of a satellite! Had J. T. Maston given this unexpected news to the world?

But the day passed without incident. The terrestrial midnight arrived. The 8th of December was beginning.

One hour more, and the point of equal attraction would be reached. What speed would then animate the

projectile? They could not estimate it. But no error could vitiate Barbicane's calculations. At one in the

Besides, another phenomenon would mark the projectile's stoppingpoint on the neutral line. At that spot the

two attractions, lunar and terrestrial, would be annulled. Objects would "weigh" no more. This singular fact,

which had surprised Barbicane and his companions so much in going, would be repeated on their return

Already the projectile's conical top was sensibly turned toward the lunar disc, presented in such a way as to

utilize the whole of the recoil produced by the pressure of the rocket apparatus. The chances were in favor of

the travelers. If its speed was utterly annulled on this dead point, a decided movement toward the moon

"All is ready," replied Michel Ardan, directing a lighted match to the flame of the gas.

At that moment weight had no effect. The travelers felt in themselves the entire disappearance of it. They

Michel Ardan applied the lighted match to a train in communication with the rockets. No detonation was

heard in the inside, for there was no air. But, through the scuttles, Barbicane saw a prolonged smoke, the

The projectile sustained a certain shock, which was sensibly felt in the interior.

The three friends looked and listened without speaking, and scarcely breathing. One might have heard the

"No," said Nicholl, "since the bottom of the projectile is not turning to the lunar disc!"

At this moment, Barbicane, quitting his scuttle, turned to his two companions. He was frightfully pale, his

"The devil!" exclaimed Michel Ardan, adding philosophically, "well, when we came into this projectile we

And now this fearful fall had begun. The speed retained had borne the projectile beyond the dead point. The

explosion of the rockets could not divert its course. This speed in going had carried it over the neutral line,

and in returning had done the same thing. The laws of physics condemned it to pass through every point

which it had already gone through. It was a terrible fall, from a height of 160,000 miles, and no springs to

break it. According to the laws of gunnery, the projectile must strike the earth with a speed equal to that with

which it left the mouth of the Columbiad, a speed of 16,000 yards in the last second.

But to give some figures of comparison, it has been reckoned that an object thrown from the top of the towers

of Notre Dame, the height of which is only 200 feet, will arrive on the pavement at a speed of 240 miles per

hour. Here the projectile must strike the earth with a speed of 115,200 miles per hour.

"Very well! if we die," answered Barbicane, with a sort of religious enthusiasm, "the results of our travels

will be magnificently spread. It is His own secret that God will tell us! In the other life the soul will want to

know nothing, either of machines or engines! It will be identified with eternal wisdom!"

"In fact," interrupted Michel Ardan, "the whole of the other world may well console us for the loss of that

Barbicane crossed his arms on his breast, with a motion of sublime resignation, saying at the same time:

"I think, sir, that the operation is nearing its completion," replied Lieutenant Bronsfield. "But who would

have thought of finding such a depth so near in shore, and only 200 miles from the American coast?"

"Certainly, Bronsfield, there is a great depression," said Captain Blomsberry. "In this spot there is a

submarine valley worn by Humboldt's current, which skirts the coast of America as far as the Straits of

"These great depths," continued the lieutenant, "are not favorable for laying telegraphic cables. A level

bottom, like that supporting the American cable between Valentia and Newfoundland, is much better."

"I agree with you, Bronsfield. With your permission, lieutenant, where are we now?"

"Sir, at this moment we have 3,508 fathoms of line out, and the ball which draws the sounding lead has not

"Brook's apparatus is very ingenious," said Captain Blomsberry; "it gives us very exact soundings."

"Touch!" cried at this moment one of the men at the forewheel, who was superintending the operation.

"Three thousand six hundred and twentyseven fathoms," replied the lieutenant, entering it in his notebook.

"Well, Bronsfield," said the captain, "I will take down the result. Now haul in the sounding line. It will be the

work of some hours. In that time the engineer can light the furnaces, and we shall be ready to start as soon as

you have finished. It is ten o'clock, and with your permission, lieutenant, I will turn in."

The captain of the Susquehanna, as brave a man as need be, and the humble servant of his officers, returned

to his cabin, took a brandygrog, which earned for the steward no end of praise, and turned in, not without

having complimented his servant upon his making beds, and slept a peaceful sleep.

It was then ten at night. The eleventh day of the month of December was drawing to a close in a magnificent

The Susquehanna, a corvette of 500 horsepower, of the United States navy, was occupied in taking

soundings in the Pacific Ocean about 200 miles off the American coast, following that long peninsula which

The wind had dropped by degrees. There was no disturbance in the air. The pennant hung motionless from

Captain Jonathan Blomsberry (cousingerman of Colonel Blomsberry, one of the most ardent supporters of

the Gun Club, who had married an aunt of the captain and daughter of an honorable Kentucky merchant)

Captain Blomsberry could not have wished for finer weather in which to bring to a close his delicate

operations of sounding. His corvette had not even felt the great tempest, which by sweeping away the groups

of clouds on the Rocky Mountains, had allowed them to observe the course of the famous projectile.

Everything went well, and with all the fervor of a Presbyterian, he did not forget to thank heaven for it. The

series of soundings taken by the Susquehanna, had for its aim the finding of a favorable spot for the laying of

It was a great undertaking, due to the instigation of a powerful company. Its managing director, the intelligent

Cyrus Field, purposed even covering all the islands of Oceanica with a vast electrical network, an immense

To the corvette Susquehanna had been confided the first operations of sounding. It was on the night of the

11th12th of December, she was in exactly 27@ 7' north latitude, and 41@ 37' west longitude, on the

After the departure of Captain Blomsberry, the lieutenant and some officers were standing together on the

poop. On the appearance of the moon, their thoughts turned to that orb which the eyes of a whole hemisphere

were contemplating. The best naval glasses could not have discovered the projectile wandering around its

hemisphere, and yet all were pointed toward that brilliant disc which millions of eyes were looking at at the

"They have been gone ten days," said Lieutenant Bronsfield at last. "What has become of them?"

"They have arrived, lieutenant," exclaimed a young midshipman, "and they are doing what all travelers do

"Oh! I am sure of that, if you tell me so, my young friend," said Lieutenant Bronsfield, smiling.

"But," continued another officer, "their arrival cannot be doubted. The projectile was to reach the moon when

full on the 5th at midnight. We are now at the 11th of December, which makes six days. And in six times

twentyfour hours, without darkness, one would have time to settle comfortably. I fancy I see my brave

countrymen encamped at the bottom of some valley, on the borders of a Selenite stream, near a projectile

halfburied by its fall amid volcanic rubbish, Captain Nicholl beginning his leveling operations, President

Barbicane writing out his notes, and Michel Ardan embalming the lunar solitudes with the perfume of

"Yes! it must be so, it is so!" exclaimed the young midshipman, worked up to a pitch of enthusiasm by this

"I should like to believe it," replied the lieutenant, who was quite unmoved. "Unfortunately direct news from

"Beg pardon, lieutenant," said the midshipman, "but cannot President Barbicane write?"

"No letters!" continued the young man quickly. "The postal administration has something to see to there."

"Might it not be the telegraphic service that is at fault?" asked one of the officers ironically.

"Not necessarily," replied the midshipman, not at all confused. "But it is very easy to set up a graphic

"By means of the telescope at Long's Peak. You know it brings the moon to within four miles of the Rocky

Mountains, and that it shows objects on its surface of only nine feet in diameter. Very well; let our

industrious friends construct a giant alphabet; let them write words three fathoms long, and sentences three

The young midshipman, who had a certain amount of imagination, was loudly applauded; Lieutenant

Bronsfield allowing that the idea was possible, but observing that if by these means they could receive news

from the lunar world they could not send any from the terrestrial, unless the Selenites had instruments fit for

"Evidently," said one of the officers; "but what has become of the travelers? what they have done, what they

have seen, that above all must interest us. Besides, if the experiment has succeeded (which I do not doubt),

they will try it again. The Columbiad is still sunk in the soil of Florida. It is now only a question of powder

and shot; and every time the moon is at her zenith a cargo of visitors may be sent to her."

"It is clear," replied Lieutenant Bronsfield, "that J. T. Maston will one day join his friends."

"Oh! volunteers will not be wanting," answered Bronsfield; "and if it were allowed, half of the earth's

This conversation between the officers of the Susquehanna was kept up until nearly one in the morning. We

cannot say what blundering systems were broached, what inconsistent theories advanced by these bold spirits.

Since Barbicane's attempt, nothing seemed impossible to the Americans. They had already designed an

expedition, not only of savants, but of a whole colony toward the Selenite borders, and a complete army,

At one in the morning, the hauling in of the soundingline was not yet completed; 1,670 fathoms were still

out, which would entail some hours' work. According to the commander's orders, the fires had been lighted,

and steam was being got up. The Susquehanna could have started that very instant.

At that moment (it was seventeen minutes past one in the morning) Lieutenant Bronsfield was preparing to

leave the watch and return to his cabin, when his attention was attracted by a distant hissing noise. His

comrades and himself first thought that this hissing was caused by the letting off of steam; but lifting their

heads, they found that the noise was produced in the highest regions of the air. They had not time to question

each other before the hissing became frightfully intense, and suddenly there appeared to their dazzled eyes an

enormous meteor, ignited by the rapidity of its course and its friction through the atmospheric strata.

This fiery mass grew larger to their eyes, and fell, with the noise of thunder, upon the bowsprit, which it

smashed close to the stem, and buried itself in the waves with a deafening roar!

At this instant Captain Blomsberry appeared, halfdressed, and rushing on to the forecastledeck, whither all

the officers had hurried, exclaimed, "With your permission, gentlemen, what has happened?"

And the midshipman, making himself as it were the echo of the body, cried, "Commander, it is `they' come

"It is `they' come back again!" the young midshipman had said, and every one had understood him. No one

doubted but that the meteor was the projectile of the Gun Club. As to the travelers which it enclosed,

"They are alive!" said another; "the crater is deep, and the shock was deadened."

"But they must have wanted air," continued a third speaker; "they must have died of suffocation."

"Burned!" replied a fourth; "the projectile was nothing but an incandescent mass as it crossed the

"What does it matter!" they exclaimed unanimously; "living or dead, we must pull them out!"

But Captain Blomsberry had assembled his officers, and "with their permission," was holding a council. They

must decide upon something to be done immediately. The more hasty ones were for fishing up the projectile.

A difficult operation, though not an impossible one. But the corvette had no proper machinery, which must be

both fixed and powerful; so it was resolved that they should put in at the nearest port, and give information to

This determination was unanimous. The choice of the port had to be discussed. The neighboring coast had no

anchorage on 27@ latitude. Higher up, above the peninsula of Monterey, stands the important town from

which it takes its name; but, seated on the borders of a perfect desert, it was not connected with the interior by

a network of telegraphic wires, and electricity alone could spread these important news fast enough.

Some degrees above opened the bay of San Francisco. Through the capital of the gold country

communication would be easy with the heart of the Union. And in less than two days the Susquehanna, by

putting on high pressure, could arrive in that port. She must therefore start at once.

The fires were made up; they could set off immediately. Two thousand fathoms of line were still out, which

Captain Blomsberry, not wishing to lose precious time in hauling in, resolved to cut.

"we will fasten the end to a buoy," said he, "and that buoy will show us the exact spot where the projectile

"Besides," replied Lieutenant Bronsfield, "we have our situation exact 27@ 7' north latitude and 41@ 37'

"Well, Mr. Bronsfield," replied the captain, "now, with your permission, we will have the line cut."

A strong buoy, strengthened by a couple of spars, was thrown into the ocean. The end of the rope was

carefully lashed to it; and, left solely to the rise and fall of the billows, the buoy would not sensibly deviate

At this moment the engineer sent to inform the captain that steam was up and they could start, for which

agreeable communication the captain thanked him. The course was then given northnortheast, and the

corvette, wearing, steered at full steam direct for San Francisco. It was three in the morning.

Four hundred and fifty miles to cross; it was nothing for a good vessel like the Susquehanna. In thirtysix

hours she had covered that distance; and on the 14th of December, at twentyseven minutes past one at night,

At the sight of a ship of the national navy arriving at full speed, with her bowsprit broken, public curiosity

was greatly roused. A dense crowd soon assembled on the quay, waiting for them to disembark.

After casting anchor, Captain Blomsberry and Lieutenant Bronsfield entered an eightpared cutter, which

"The telegraph?" they asked, without answering one of the thousand questions addressed to them.

The officer of the port conducted them to the telegraph office through a concourse of spectators. Blomsberry

Some minutes later a fourfold telegram was sent outthe first to the Naval Secretary at Washington; the

second to the vicepresident of the Gun Club, Baltimore; the third to the Hon. J. T. Maston, Long's Peak,

Rocky Mountains; and the fourth to the subdirector of the Cambridge Observatory, Massachusetts.

In 20@ 7' north latitude, and 41@ 37' west longitude, on the 12th of December, at seventeen minutes past

one in the morning, the projectile of the Columbiad fell into the Pacific. Send instructions.

Five minutes afterward the whole town of San Francisco learned the news. Before six in the evening the

different States of the Union had heard the great catastrophe; and after midnight, by the cable, the whole of

Europe knew the result of the great American experiment. We will not attempt to picture the effect produced

On receipt of the telegram the Naval Secretary telegraphed to the Susquehanna to wait in the bay of San

Francisco without extinguishing her fires. Day and night she must be ready to put to sea.

The Cambridge observatory called a special meeting; and, with that composure which distinguishes learned

bodies in general, peacefully discussed the scientific bearings of the question. At the Gun Club there was an

explosion. All the gunners were assembled. VicePresident the Hon. Wilcome was in the act of reading the

premature dispatch, in which J. T. Maston and Belfast announced that the projectile had just been seen in the

gigantic reflector of Long's Peak, and also that it was held by lunar attraction, and was playing the part of

But on the arrival of Blomsberry's dispatch, so decidely contradicting J. T. Maston's telegram, two parties

were formed in the bosom of the Gun Club. On one side were those who admitted the fall of the projectile,

and consequently the return of the travelers; on the other, those who believed in the observations of Long's

Peak, concluded that the commander of the Susquehanna had made a mistake. To the latter the pretended

projectile was nothing but a meteor! nothing but a meteor, a shooting globe, which in its fall had smashed the

bows of the corvette. It was difficult to answer this argument, for the speed with which it was animated must

have made observation very difficult. The commander of the Susquehanna and her officers might have made

a mistake in all good faith; one argument however, was in their favor, namely, that if the projectile had fallen

on the earth, its place of meeting with the terrestrial globe could only take place on this 27@ north latitude,

and (taking into consideration the time that had elapsed, and the rotary motion of the earth) between the 41@

and the 42@ of west longitude. In any case, it was decided in the Gun Club that Blomsberry brothers, Bilsby,

and Major Elphinstone should go straight to San Francisco, and consult as to the means of raising the

These devoted men set off at once; and the railroad, which will soon cross the whole of Central America,

took them as far as St. Louis, where the swift mailcoaches awaited them. Almost at the same moment in

which the Secretary of Marine, the vicepresident of the Gun Club, and the subdirector of the Observatory

received the dispatch from San Francisco, the Honorable J. T. Maston was undergoing the greatest

excitement he had ever experienced in his life, an excitement which even the bursting of his pet gun, which

had more than once nearly cost him his life, had not caused him. We may remember that the secretary of the

Gun Club had started soon after the projectile (and almost as quickly) for the station on Long's Peak, in the

Rocky Mountains, J. Belfast, director of the Cambridge Observatory, accompanying him. Arrived there, the

two friends had installed themselves at once, never quitting the summit of their enormous telescope. We

know that this gigantic instrument had been set up according to the reflecting system, called by the English

"front view." This arrangement subjected all objects to but one reflection, making the view consequently

much clearer; the result was that, when they were taking observation, J. T. Maston and Belfast were placed in

the upper part of the instrument and not in the lower, which they reached by a circular staircase, a

masterpiece of lightness, while below them opened a metal well terminated by the metallic mirror, which

It was on a narrow platform placed above the telescope that the two savants passed their existence, execrating

the day which hid the moon from their eyes, and the clouds which obstinately veiled her during the night.

What, then, was their delight when, after some days of waiting, on the night of the 5th of December, they saw

the vehicle which was bearing their friends into space! To this delight succeeded a great deception, when,

trusting to a cursory observation, they launched their first telegram to the world, erroneously affirming that

the projectile had become a satellite of the moon, gravitating in an immutable orbit.

From that moment it had never shown itself to their eyes a disappearance all the more easily explained, as

it was then passing behind the moon's invisible disc; but when it was time for it to reappear on the visible

disc, one may imagine the impatience of the fuming J. T. Maston and his not less impatient companion. Each

minute of the night they thought they saw the projectile once more, and they did not see it. Hence constant

discussions and violent disputes between them, Belfast affirming that the projectile could not be seen, J. T.

And at these moments, when contradictions rained like hail, the wellknown irritability of the secretary of the

Gun Club constituted a permanent danger for the Honorable Belfast. The existence of these two together

would soon have become impossible; but an unforseen event cut short their everlasting discussions.

During the night, from the 14th to the 15th of December, the two irreconcilable friends were busy observing

the lunar disc, J. T. Maston abusing the learned Belfast as usual, who was by his side; the secretary of the

Gun Club maintaining for the thousandth time that he had just seen the projectile, and adding that he could

see Michel Ardan's face looking through one of the scuttles, at the same time enforcing his argument by a

At this moment Belfast's servant appeared on the platform (it was ten at night) and gave him a dispatch. It

Another cry, this time a perfect howl, answered him. He turned toward J. T. Maston. The unfortunate man,

imprudently leaning over the metal tube, had disappeared in the immense telescope. A fall of two hundred

He breathed. J. T. Maston, caught by his metal hook, was holding on by one of the rings which bound the

Belfast called. Help was brought, tackle was let down, and they hoisted up, not without some trouble, the

A quarter of an hour after the two savants were descending the declivity of the Rocky Mountains; and two

days after, at the same time as their friends of the Gun Club, they arrived at San Francisco, having killed five

Elphinstone, the brothers Blomsberry, and Bilsby rushed toward them on their arrival.

The spot where the projectile sank under the waves was exactly known; but the machinery to grasp it and

bring it to the surface of the ocean was still wanting. It must first be invented, then made. American engineers

could not be troubled with such trifles. The grapplingirons once fixed, by their help they were sure to raise it

in spite of its weight, which was lessened by the density of the liquid in which it was plunged.

But fishingup the projectile was not the only thing to be thought of. They must act promptly in the interest

"Yes," repeated J. T. Maston incessantly, whose confidence gained over everybody, "our friends are clever

people, and they cannot have fallen like simpletons. They are alive, quite alive; but we must make haste if we

wish to find them so. Food and water do not trouble me; they have enough for a long while. But air, air, that

And they did go quick. They fitted up the Susquehanna for her new destination. Her powerful machinery was

brought to bear upon the haulingchains. The aluminum projectile only weighed 19,250 pounds, a weight

very inferior to that of the transatlantic cable which had been drawn up under similar conditions. The only

difficulty was in fishing up a cylindroconical projectile, the walls of which were so smooth as to offer no

hold for the hooks. On that account Engineer Murchison hastened to San Francisco, and had some enormous

grapplingirons fixed on an automatic system, which would never let the projectile go if it once succeeded in

seizing it in its powerful claws. Divingdresses were also prepared, which through this impervious covering

allowed the divers to observe the bottom of the sea. He also had put on board an apparatus of compressed air

very cleverly designed. There were perfect chambers pierced with scuttles, which, with water let into certain

compartments, could draw it down into great depths. These apparatuses were at San Francisco, where they

had been used in the construction of a submarine breakwater; and very fortunately it was so, for there was no

time to construct any. But in spite of the perfection of the machinery, in spite of the ingenuity of the savants

entrusted with the use of them, the success of the operation was far from being certain. How great were the

chances against them, the projectile being 20,000 feet under the water! And if even it was brought to the

surface, how would the travelers have borne the terrible shock which 20,000 feet of water had perhaps not

sufficiently broken? At any rate they must act quickly. J. T. Maston hurried the workmen day and night. He

was ready to don the divingdress himself, or try the air apparatus, in order to reconnoiter the situation of his

But in spite of all the diligence displayed in preparing the different engines, in spite of the considerable sum

placed at the disposal of the Gun Club by the Government of the Union, five long days (five centuries!)

elapsed before the preparations were complete. During this time public opinion was excited to the highest

pitch. Telegrams were exchanged incessantly throughout the entire world by means of wires and electric

cables. The saving of Barbicane, Nicholl, and Michel Ardan was an international affair. Every one who had

subscribed to the Gun Club was directly interested in the welfare of the travelers.

At length the haulingchains, the airchambers, and the automatic grapplingirons were put on board. J. T.

Maston, Engineer Murchison, and the delegates of the Gun Club, were already in their cabins. They had but

to start, which they did on the 21st of December, at eight o'clock at night, the corvette meeting with a

beautiful sea, a northeasterly wind, and rather sharp cold. The whole population of San Francisco was

gathered on the quay, greatly excited but silent, reserving their hurrahs for the return. Steam was fully up, and

It is needless to relate the conversations on board between the officers, sailors, and passengers. All these men

had but one thought. All these hearts beat under the same emotion. While they were hastening to help them,

what were Barbicane and his companions doing? What had become of them? Were they able to attempt any

bold maneuver to regain their liberty? None could say. The truth is that every attempt must have failed!

Immersed nearly four miles under the ocean, this metal prison defied every effort of its prisoners.

On the 23rd inst., at eight in the morning, after a rapid passage, the Susquehanna was due at the fatal spot.

They must wait till twelve to take the reckoning exactly. The buoy to which the sounding line had been

At twelve, Captain Blomsberry, assisted by his officers who superintended the observations, took the

reckoning in the presence of the delegates of the Gun Club. Then there was a moment of anxiety. Her

position decided, the Susquehanna was found to be some minutes westward of the spot where the projectile

At fortyseven minutes past twelve they reached the buoy; it was in perfect condition, and must have shifted

Every precaution was taken to keep the corvette almost completely motionless. Before trying to seize the

projectile, Engineer Murchison wanted to find its exact position at the bottom of the ocean. The submarine

apparatus destined for this expedition was supplied with air. The working of these engines was not without

danger, for at 20,000 feet below the surface of the water, and under such great pressure, they were exposed to

J. T. Maston, the brothers Blomsberry, and Engineer Murchison, without heeding these dangers, took their

places in the airchamber. The commander, posted on his bridge, superintended the operation, ready to stop

or haul in the chains on the slightest signal. The screw had been shipped, and the whole power of the

machinery collected on the capstan would have quickly drawn the apparatus on board. The descent began at

twentyfive minutes past one at night, and the chamber, drawn under by the reservoirs full of water,

The emotion of the officers and sailors on board was now divided between the prisoners in the projectile and

the prisoners in the submarine apparatus. As to the latter, they forgot themselves, and, glued to the windows

of the scuttles, attentively watched the liquid mass through which they were passing.

The descent was rapid. At seventeen minutes past two, J. T. Maston and his companions had reached the

bottom of the Pacific; but they saw nothing but an arid desert, no longer animated by either fauna or flora. By

the light of their lamps, furnished with powerful reflectors, they could see the dark beds of the ocean for a

The impatience of these bold divers cannot be described, and having an electrical communication with the

corvette, they made a signal already agreed upon, and for the space of a mile the Susquehanna moved their

Thus they explored the whole submarine plain, deceived at every turn by optical illusions which almost broke

their hearts. Here a rock, there a projection from the ground, seemed to be the muchsoughtfor projectile;

"But where are they? where are they?" cried J. T. Maston. And the poor man called loudly upon Nicholl,

Barbicane, and Michel Ardan, as if his unfortunate friends could either hear or answer him through such an

impenetrable medium! The search continued under these conditions until the vitiated air compelled the divers

The hauling in began about six in the evening, and was not ended before midnight.

J. T. Maston did not doubt of their final success, but his companions, no longer upheld by the excitement of

the first hours, understood all the difficulty of the enterprise. What seemed easy at San Francisco, seemed

here in the wide ocean almost impossible. The chances of success diminished in rapid proportion; and it was

The next day, the 24th, in spite of the fatigue of the previous day, the operation was renewed. The corvette

advanced some minutes to westward, and the apparatus, provided with air, bore the same explorers to the

The whole day passed in fruitless research; the bed of the sea was a desert. The 25th brought no other result,

It was disheartening. They thought of those unfortunates shut up in the projectile for twentysix days.

Perhaps at that moment they were experiencing the first approach of suffocation; that is, if they had escaped

the dangers of their fall. The air was spent, and doubtless with the air all their morale.

"The air, possibly," answered J. T. Maston resolutely, "but their morale never!"

On the 28th, after two more days of search, all hope was gone. This projectile was but an atom in the

But J. T. Maston would not hear of going away. He would not abandon the place without at least discovering

the tomb of his friends. But Commander Blomsberry could no longer persist, and in spite of the exclamations

On the 29th of December, at nine A.M., the Susquehanna, heading northeast, resumed her course to the bay

It was ten in the morning; the corvette was under halfsteam, as it was regretting to leave the spot where the

catastrophe had taken place, when a sailor, perched on the maintopgallant crosstrees, watching the sea,

The officers looked in the direction indicated, and by the help of their glasses saw that the object signalled

had the appearance of one of those buoys which are used to mark the passages of bays or rivers. But,

singularly to say, a flag floating on the wind surmounted its cone, which emerged five or six feet out of water.

This buoy shone under the rays of the sun as if it had been made of plates of silver. Commander Blomsberry,

J. T. Maston, and the delegates of the Gun Club were mounted on the bridge, examining this object straying

All looked with feverish anxiety, but in silence. None dared give expression to the thoughts which came to

At this moment a perfect howling was heard; it was the brave J. T. Maston who had just fallen all in a heap.

Forgetting on the one hand that his right arm had been replaced by an iron hook, and on the other that a

simple guttapercha cap covered his brainbox, he had given himself a formidable blow.

They hurried toward him, picked him up, restored him to life. And what were his first words?

"It is, simpletons," howled the terrible secretary, "it is that the projectile only weighs 19,250 pounds!"

"And that it displaces twentyeight tons, or in other words 56,000 pounds, and that consequently it floats!"

Ah! what stress the worthy man had laid on the verb "float!" And it was true! All, yes! all these savants had

forgotten this fundamental law, namely, that on account of its specific lightness, the projectile, after having

been drawn by its fall to the greatest depths of the ocean, must naturally return to the surface. And now it was

The boats were put to sea. J. T. Maston and his friends had rushed into them! Excitement was at its height!

Every heart beat loudly while they advanced to the projectile. What did it contain? Living or dead?

Living, yes! living, at least unless death had struck Barbicane and his two friends since they had hoisted the

flag. Profound silence reigned on the boats. All were breathless. Eyes no longer saw. One of the scuttles of

the projectile was open. Some pieces of glass remained in the frame, showing that it had been broken. This

A boat came alongside, that of J. T. Maston, and J. T. Maston rushed to the broken window.

At that moment they heard a clear and merry voice, the voice of Michel Ardan, exclaiming in an accent of

We may remember the intense sympathy which had accompanied the travelers on their departure. If at the

beginning of the enterprise they had excited such emotion both in the old and new world, with what

enthusiasm would they be received on their return! The millions of spectators which had beset the peninsula

of Florida, would they not rush to meet these sublime adventurers? Those legions of strangers, hurrying from

all parts of the globe toward the American shores, would they leave the Union without having seen

Barbicane, Nicholl, and Michel Ardan? No! and the ardent passion of the public was bound to respond

worthily to the greatness of the enterprise. Human creatures who had left the terrestrial sphere, and returned

after this strange voyage into celestial space, could not fail to be received as the prophet Elias would be if he

came back to earth. To see them first, and then to hear them, such was the universal longing.

Barbicane, Michel Ardan, Nicholl, and the delegates of the Gun Club, returning without delay to Baltimore,

were received with indescribable enthusiasm. The notes of President Barbicane's voyage were ready to be

given to the public. The New York Herald bought the manuscript at a price not yet known, but which must

have been very high. Indeed, during the publication of "A Journey to the Moon," the sale of this paper

amounted to five millions of copies. Three days after the return of the travelers to the earth, the slightest

detail of their expedition was known. There remained nothing more but to see the heroes of this superhuman

The expedition of Barbicane and his friends round the moon had enabled them to correct the many admitted

theories regarding the terrestrial satellite. These savants had observed de visu, and under particular

circumstances. They knew what systems should be rejected, what retained with regard to the formation of

that orb, its origin, its habitability. Its past, present, and future had even given up their last secrets. Who could

advance objections against conscientious observers, who at less than twentyfour miles distance had marked

that curious mountain of Tycho, the strangest system of lunar orography? How answer those savants whose

sight had penetrated the abyss of Pluto's circle? How contradict those bold ones whom the chances of their

enterprise had borne over that invisible face of the disc, which no human eye until then had ever seen? It was

now their turn to impose some limit on that selenographic science, which had reconstructed the lunar world

as Cuvier did the skeleton of a fossil, and say, "The moon was this, a habitable world, inhabited before the

To celebrate the return of its most illustrious member and his two companions, the Gun Club decided upon

giving a banquet, but a banquet worthy of the conquerors, worthy of the American people, and under such

conditions that all the inhabitants of the Union could directly take part in it.

All the head lines of railroads in the States were joined by flying rails; and on all the platforms, lined with the

same flags, and decorated with the same ornaments, were tables laid and all served alike. At certain hours,

successively calculated, marked by electric clocks which beat the seconds at the same time, the population

were invited to take their places at the banquet tables. For four days, from the 5th to the 9th of January, the

trains were stopped as they are on Sundays on the railways of the United States, and every road was open.

One engine only at full speed, drawing a triumphal carriage, had the right of traveling for those four days on

The engine was manned by a driver and a stoker, and bore, by special favor, the Hon. J. T. Maston, secretary

of the Gun Club. The carriage was reserved for President Barbicane, Colonel Nicholl, and Michel Ardan. At

the whistle of the driver, amid the hurrahs, and all the admiring vociferations of the American language, the

train left the platform of Baltimore. It traveled at a speed of one hundred and sixty miles in the hour. But what

was this speed compared with that which had carried the three heroes from the mouth of the Columbiad?

Thus they sped from one town to the other, finding whole populations at table on their road, saluting them

with the same acclamations, lavishing the same bravos! They traveled in this way through the east of the

Union, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Vermont, Maine, and New Hampshire; the north and west

by New York, Ohio, Michigan, and Wisconsin; returning to the south by Illinois, Missouri, Arkansas, Texas,

and Louisiana; they went to the southeast by Alabama and Florida, going up by Georgia and the Carolinas,

visiting the center by Tennessee, Kentucky, Virginia, and Indiana, and, after quitting the Washington station,

reentered Baltimore, where for four days one would have thought that the United States of America were

seated at one immense banquet, saluting them simultaneously with the same hurrahs! The apotheosis was

worthy of these three heroes whom fable would have placed in the rank of demigods.

And now will this attempt, unprecedented in the annals of travels, lead to any practical result? Will direct

communication with the moon ever be established? Will they ever lay the foundation of a traveling service

through the solar world? Will they go from one planet to another, from Jupiter to Mercury, and after awhile

from one star to another, from the Polar to Sirius? Will this means of locomotion allow us to visit those suns

To such questions no answer can be given. But knowing the bold ingenuity of the AngloSaxon race, no one

would be astonished if the Americans seek to make some use of President Barbicane's attempt.

Thus, some time after the return of the travelers, the public received with marked favor the announcement of

a company, limited, with a capital of a hundred million of dollars, divided into a hundred thousand shares of a

thousand dollars each, under the name of the "National Company of Interstellary Communication." President,

Barbicane; vicepresident, Captain Nicholl; secretary, J. T. Maston; director of movements, Michel Ardan.

And as it is part of the American temperament to foresee everything in business, even failure, the Honorable

Harry Trolloppe, judge commissioner, and Francis Drayton, magistrate, were nominated beforehand!

4. PRELIMINARY CHAPTER. THE FIRST PART OF THIS WORK, AND SERVING AS A PREFACE TO THE SECOND, page = 4

5. CHAPTER I. TWENTY MINUTES PAST TEN TO FORTY-SEVEN MINUTES PAST TEN P. M., page = 6

12. CHAPTER VIII. AT SEVENTY-EIGHT THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED AND FOURTEEN LEAGUES, page = 42

18. CHAPTER XIV. THE NIGHT OF THREE HUNDRED AND FIFTY-FOUR HOURS AND A HALF, page = 61