Thais.....................................................................................................................................................................1

Anatole France .........................................................................................................................................1

In those days there were many hermits living in the desert. On both banks of the Nile numerous huts, built by

these solitary dwellers, of branches held together by clay, were scattered at a little distance from each other,

so that the inhabitants could live alone, and yet help one another in case of need. Churches, each surmounted

by a cross, stood here and there amongst the huts, and the monks flocked to them at each festival to celebrate

the services or to partake of the Communion. There were also, here and there on the banks of the river,

monasteries, where the cenobites lived in separate cells, and only met together that they might the better

Both hermits and cenobites led abstemious lives, taking no food till after sunset, and eating nothing but bread

with a little salt and hyssop. Some retired into the desert, and led a still more strange life in some cave or

All lived in temperance and chastity; they wore a hair shirt and a hood, slept on the bare ground after long

watching, prayed, sang psalms, and, in short, spent their days in works of penitence. As an atonement for

original sin, they refused their body not only all pleasures and satisfactions, but even that care and attention

which in this age are deemed indispensable. They believed that the diseases of our members purify our souls,

and the flesh could put on no adornment more glorious than wounds and ulcers. Thus, they thought they

fulfilled the words of the prophet, "The desert shall rejoice and blossom as the rose."

Amongst the inhabitants of the holy Thebaid, there were some who passed their days in asceticism and

contemplation; others gained their livelihood by plaiting palm fibre, or by working at harvesttime for the

neighbouring farmers. The Gentiles wrongly suspected some of them of living by brigandage, and allying

themselves to the nomadic Arabs who robbed the caravans. But, as a matter of fact, the monks despised

Angels in the likeness of young men, came, staff in hand, as travellers, to visit the hermitages; whilst

demonshaving assumed the form of Ethiopians or of animalswandered round the habitations of the

hermits in order to lead them into temptation. When the monks went in the morning to fill their pitcher at the

spring, they saw the footprints of Satyrs and Aigipans in the sand. The Thebaid was, really and spiritually, a

battlefield, where, at all times, and more especially at night, there were terrible conflicts between heaven and

The ascetics, furiously assailed by legions of the damned, defended themselveswith the help of God and

the angelsby fasting, prayer, and penance. Sometimes carnal desires pricked them so cruelly that they cried

aloud with pain, and their lamentations rose to the starlit heavens mingled with the howls of the hungry

hyaenas. Then it was that the demons appeared in delightful forms. For though the demons are, in reality,

hideous, they sometimes assume an appearance of beauty which prevents their real nature from being

recognised. The ascetics of the Thebaid were amazed to see in their cells phantasms of delights unknown

even to the voluptuaries of the age. But, as they were under the sign of the Cross, they did not succumb to

these temptations, and the unclean spirits, assuming again their true character, fled at daybreak, filled with

rage and shame. It was not unusual to meet at dawn one of these beings, flying away and weeping, and

replying to those who questioned it, "I weep and groan because one of the Christians who live here has beaten

The power of the old saints of the desert extended over all sinners and unbelievers. Their goodness was

sometimes terrible. They derived from the Apostles authority to punish all offences against the true and only

God, and no earthly power could save those they condemned. Strange tales were told in the cities, and even

as far as Alexandria, how the earth had opened and swallowed up certain wicked persons whom one of these

saints struck with his staff. Therefore they were feared by all evildoers, and particularly by mimes,

Such was the sanctity of these holy men that even wild beasts felt their power. When a hermit was about to

die, a lion came and dug a grave with its claws. The saint knew by this that God had called him, and he went

and kissed all his brethren on the cheek. Then he lay down joyfully, and slept in the Lord.

Now that Anthony, who was more than a hundred years old, had retired to Mount Colzin with his

wellbeloved disciples, Macarius and Amathas, there was no monk in the Thebaid more renowned for good

works than Paphnutius, the Abbot of Antinoe. Ephrem and Serapion had a greater number of followers, and

in the spiritual and temporal management of their monasteries surpassed him. But Paphnutius observed the

most rigorous fasts, and often went for three entire days without taking food. He wore a very rough hair shirt,

he flogged himself night and morning, and lay for hours with his face to the earth.

His twentyfour disciples had built their huts near his, and imitated his austerities. He loved them all dearly

in Jesus Christ, and unceasingly exhorted them to good works. Amongst his spiritual children were men who

had been robbers for many years, and had been persuaded by the exhortations of the holy abbot to embrace

the monastic life, and who now edified their companions by the purity of their lives. One, who had been cook

to the Queen of Abyssinia, and was converted by the Abbot of Antinoe, never ceased to weep. There was also

Flavian, the deacon, who knew the Scriptures, and spoke well; but the disciple of Paphnutius who surpassed

all the others in holiness was a young peasant named Paul, and surnamed the Fool, because of his extreme

simplicity. Men laughed at his childishness, but God favoured him with visions, and by bestowing upon him

Paphnutius passed his life in teaching his disciples, and in ascetic practices. Often did he meditate upon the

Holy Scriptures in order to find allegories in them. Therefore he abounded in good works, though still young.

The devils, who so rudely assailed the good hermits, did not dare to approach him. At night, seven little

jackals sat in the moonlight in front of his cell, silent and motionless, and with their ears pricked up. It was

believed that they were seven devils, who, owing to his sanctity, could not cross his threshold.

Paphnutius was born at Alexandria of noble parents, who had instructed him in all profane learning. He had

even been allured by the falsehoods of the poets, and in his early youth had been misguided enough to believe

that the human race had all been drowned by a deluge in the days of Deucalion, and had argued with his

fellowscholars concerning the nature, the attributes, and even the existence of God. He then led a life of

dissipation, after the manner of the Gentiles, and he recalled the memory of those days with shame and

"At that time," he used to say to the brethren, "I seethed in the cauldron of false delights."

He meant by that that he had eaten food properly dressed, and frequented the public baths. In fact, until his

twentieth year he had continued to lead the ordinary existence of those times, which now seemed to him

rather death than life; but, owing to the lessons of the priest Macrinus, he then became a new man.

The truth penetrated him through and through, andas he used to say entered his soul like a sword. He

embraced the faith of Calvary, and worshipped Christ crucified. After his baptism he remained yet a year

amongst the Gentiles, unable to cast off the bonds of old habits. But one day he entered a church, and heard a

deacon read from the Bible, the verse, "If thou wilt be perfect, go and sell that thou hast, and give to the

poor." Thereupon he sold all that he had, gave away the money in alms, and embraced the monastic life.

During the ten years that he had lived remote from men, he no longer seethed in the cauldron of false

One day when, according to his pious custom, he was recalling to mind the hours he had lived apart from

God, and examining his sins one by one, that he might the better ponder on their enormity, he remembered

that he had seen at the theatre at Alexandria a very beautiful actress named Thais. This woman showed

herself in the public games, and did not scruple to perform dances, the movements of which, arranged only

too cleverly, brought to mind the most horrible passions. Sometimes she imitated the horrible deeds which

the Pagan fables ascribe to Venus, Leda, or Pasiphae. Thus she fired all the spectators with lust, and when

handsome young men, or rich old ones, came, inspired with love, to hang wreaths of flowers round her door,

she welcomed them, and gave herself up to them. So that, whilst she lost her own soul, she also ruined the

She had almost led Paphnutius himself into the sins of the flesh. She had awakened desire in him, and he had

once approached the house of Thais. But he stopped on the threshold of the courtesan's house, partly

restrained by the natural timidity of extreme youthhe was then but fifteen years oldand partly by the fear

of being refused on account of his want of money, for his parents took care that he should commit no great

God, in His mercy, had used these two means to prevent him from committing a great sin. But Paphnutius

had not been grateful to Him for that, because at that time he was blind to his own interests, and did not know

that he was lusting after false delights. Now, kneeling in his cell, before the image of that holy cross on which

hung, as in a balance, the ransom of the world, Paphnutius began to think of Thais, because Thais was a sin to

him, and he meditated long, according to ascetic rules, on the fearful hideousness of the carnal delights with

which this woman had inspired him in the days of his sin and ignorance. After some hours of meditation the

image of Thais appeared to him clearly and distinctly. He saw her again, as he had seen her when she tempted

him, in all the beauty of the flesh. At first she showed herself like a Leda, softly lying upon a bed of

hyacinths, her head bowed, her eyes humid and filled with a strange light, her nostrils quivering, her mouth

half open, her breasts like two flowers, and her arms smooth and fresh as two brooks. At this sight Paphnutius

"I call Thee to witness, my God, that I have considered how heinous has been my sin."

Gradually the face of the image changed its expression. Little by little the lips of Thais, by lowering at the

corners of the mouth, expressed a mysterious suffering. Her large eyes were filled with tears and lights; her

breast heaved with sighs, like the sighing of a wind that precedes a tempest. At this sight Paphnutius was

troubled to the bottom of his soul. Prostrating himself on the floor, he uttered this prayer

"Thou who hast put pity in our hearts, like the morning dew upon the fields, O just and merciful God, be

Thou blessed! Praise! praise be unto Thee! Put away from Thy servant that false tenderness which tempts to

concupiscence, and grant that I may only love Thy creatures in Thee, for they pass away, but Thou endurest

for ever. If I care for this woman, it is only because she is Thy handiwork. The angels themselves feel pity for

her. Is she not, O Lord, the breath of Thy mouth? Let her not continue to sin with many citizens and

strangers. There is great pity for her in my heart. Her wickednesses are abominable, and but to think of them

makes my flesh creep. But the more wicked she is, the more do I lament for her. I weep when I think that the

As he was meditating in this way, he saw a little jackal lying at his feet. He felt much surprised, for the door

of his cell had been closed since the morning. The animal seemed to read the Abbot's thoughts, and wagged

its tail like a dog. Paphnutius made the sign of the cross and the beast vanished. He knew then that, for the

first time, the devil had entered his cell, and he uttered a short prayer; then he thought again about Thais.

The next morning, when he had said his prayers, he went to see the sainted Palemon, a holy hermit who lived

some distance away. He found him smiling quietly as he dug the ground, as was his custom. Palemon was an

old man, and cultivated a little garden; the wild beasts came and licked his hands, and the devils never

"The like peace be unto thee, brother Paphnutius," said Palemon; and he wiped the sweat from his forehead

"Brother Palemon, all our discourse ought to be solely the praise of Him who has promised to be wheresoever

two or three are gathered together in His Name. That is why I come to you concerning a design I have formed

"May the Lord bless thy design, Paphnutius, as He has blessed my lettuces. Every morning He spreads His

grace with the dew on my garden, and His goodness causes me to glorify Him in the cucumbers and melons

which He gives me. Let us pray that He may keep us in His peace. For nothing is more to be feared than those

unruly passions which trouble our hearts. When these passions disturb us we are like drunken men, and we

stagger from right to left unceasingly, and are like to fall miserably. Sometimes these passions plunge us into

a turbulent joy, and he who gives way to such, sullies the air with brutish laughter. Such false joy drags the

sinner into all sorts of excess. But sometimes also the troubles of the soul and of the senses throw us into an

impious sadness which is a thousand times worse than the joy. Brother Paphnutius, I am but a miserable

sinner, but I have found, in my long life, that the cenobite has no foe worse than sadness. I mean by that the

obstinate melancholy which envelopes the soul as in a mist, and hides from us the light of God. Nothing is

more contrary to salvation, and the devil's greatest triumph is to sow black and bitter thoughts in the heart of

a good man. If he sent us only pleasurable temptations, he would not be half so much to be feared. Alas! he

excels in making us sad. Did he not show to our father Anthony a black child of such surpassing beauty that

the very sight of it drew tears? With God's help, our father Anthony avoided the snares of the demon. I knew

him when he lived amongst us; he was cheerful with his disciples, and never gave way to melancholy. But

did you not come, my brother, to talk to me of a design you had formed in your mind? Let me know what it

"Brother Palemon, what I propose is really to the glory of God. Strengthen me with your counsel, for you

"Brother Paphnutius, I am not worthy to unloose the latchet of thy sandals, and my sins are as countless as the

sands of the desert. But I am old, and I will never refuse the help of my experience."

"I will confide in you, then, brother Palemon, that I am stricken with grief at the thought that there is, in

Alexandria, a courtesan named Thais, who lives in sin, and is a subject of reproach unto the people."

"Brother Paphnutius, that is, in truth, an abomination which we do well to deplore. There are many women

amongst the Gentiles who lead lives of that kind. Have you thought of any remedy for this great evil?"

"Brother Palemon, I will go to Alexandria and find this woman, and, with God's help, I will convert her; that

"Brother Paphnutius, I am but a miserable sinner, but our father Anthony used to say, 'In whatsoever place

"Dear Paphnutius, God forbid that I should suspect my brother of bad intentions. But our father Anthony also

said, 'Fishes die on dry land, and so is it with those monks who leave their cells and mingle with the men of

Having thus spoken, the old man pressed his foot on the spade, and began to dig energetically round a fig tree

laden with fruit. As he was thus engaged, there was a rustling in the bushes, and an antelope leaped over the

hedge which surrounded the garden; it stopped, surprised and frightened, its delicate legs trembling, then ran

He went to his hut, the lightfooted little animal trotting after him, and brought out some black bread, which

Paphnutius remained thoughtful for some time, his eyes fixed upon the stones at his feet. Then he slowly

walked back to his cell, pondering on what he had heard. A great struggle was going on in his mind.

"The hermit gives good advice," he said to himself; "the spirit of prudence is in him. And he doubts the

wisdom of my intention. Yet it would be cruel to leave Thais any longer in the power of the demon who

As he was walking along, he saw a plover, caught in the net that a hunter had laid on the sand, and he knew

that it was a hen bird, for he saw the male fly to the net, and tear the meshes one by one with its beak, until it

had made an opening by which its mate could escape. The holy man watched this incident, and as, by virtue

of his holiness, he easily comprehended the mystic sense of all occurrences, he knew that the captive bird was

no other than Thais, caught in the snares of sin, and thatlike the plover that had cut the hempen threads

with its beakhe could, by pronouncing the word of power, break the invisible bonds by which Thais was

held in sin. Therefore he praised God, and was confirmed in his first resolution. But then seeing the plover

caught by the feet, and hampered by the net it had broken, he fell into uncertainty again.

He did not sleep all night, and before dawn he had a vision. Thais appeared to him again. There was no

expression of guilty pleasure on her face, nor was she dressed according to custom in transparent drapery.

She was enveloped in a shroud, which hid even a part of her face, so that the Abbot could see nothing but the

At this sight he began to weep, and believing that this vision came from God, he no longer hesitated. He rose,

seized a knotted stick, the symbol of the Christian faith, and left his cell, carefully closing the door, lest the

animals of the desert and the birds of the air should enter, and befoul the copy of the Holy Scriptures which

stood at the head of his bed. He called Flavian, the deacon, and gave him authority over the other

twentythree disciples during his absence; and then, clad only in a long cassock, he bent his steps towards the

Nile, intending to follow the Libyan bank to the city founded by the Macedonian monarch. He walked from

dawn to eve, indifferent to fatigue, hunger, and thirst; the sun was already low on the horizon when he saw

the dreadful river, the bloodred waters of which rolled between the rocks of gold and fire.

He kept along the shore, begging his bread at the door of solitary huts for the love of God, and joyfully

receiving insults, refusals, or threats. He feared neither robbers nor wild beasts, but he took great care to

avoid all the towns and villages he came near. He was afraid lest he should see children playing at

knucklebones before their father's house, or meet, by the side of the well, women in blue smocks, who

might put down their pitcher and smile at him. All things are dangerous for the hermit; it is sometimes a

danger for him to read in the Scriptures that the Divine Master journeyed from town to town and supped with

His disciples. The virtues that the anchorites embroider so carefully on the tissue of faith, are as fragile as

they are beautiful; a breath of ordinary life may tarnish their pleasant colours. For that reason, Paphnutius

avoided the towns, fearing lest his heart should soften at the sight of his fellow men.

He journeyed along lonely roads. When evening came, the murmuring of the breeze amidst the tamarisk trees

made him shiver, and he pulled his hood over his eyes that he might not see how beautiful all things were.

After walking six days, he came to a place called Silsile. There the river runs in a narrow valley, bordered by

a double chain of granite mountains. It was there that the Egyptians, in the days when they worshipped

demons, carved their idols. Paphnutius saw an enormous sphinx carved in the solid rock. Fearing that it might

still possess some diabolical properties, he made the sign of the cross, and pronounced the name of Jesus; he

immediately saw a bat fly out of one of the monster's ears, and Paphnutius knew that he had driven out the

evil spirits which had been for centuries in the figure. His zeal increased, and picking up a large stone, he

threw it in the idol's face. Then the mysterious face of the sphinx expressed such profound sadness that

Paphnutius was moved. In fact, the expression of superhuman grief on the stone visage would have touched

"O monster, be like the satyrs and centaurs our father Anthony saw in the desert, and confess the divinity of

Jesus Christ, and I will bless thee in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost."

When he had spoken a rosy light gleamed in the eyes of the sphinx; the heavy eyelids of the monster quivered

and the granite lips painfully murmured, as though in echo to the man's voice, the holy name of Jesus Christ;

therefore Paphnutius stretched out his right hand, and blessed the sphinx of Silsile.

That being done, he resumed his journey, and the valley having grown wider, he saw the ruins of an immense

city. The temples, which still remained standing, were supported by idols which served as columns, andby

the permission of Godthese figures with women's heads and cow's horns, threw on Paphnutius a long look

which made him turn pale. He walked thus seventeen days, his only food a few raw herbs, and he slept at

night in some ruined palace, amongst the wild cats and Pharaoh's rats, with which mingled sometimes,

women whose bodies ended in a scaly tail. But Paphnutius knew that these women came from hell, and he

On the eighteenth day, he found, far from any village, a wretched hut made of palm leaves, and half buried

under the sand which had been driven by the desert wind. He approached it, hoping that the hut was inhabited

by some pious anchorite. He saw inside the hovelfor there was no doora pitcher, a bunch of onions, and

"This must be the habitation of a hermit," he said to himself. "Hermits are generally to be found near their

hut, and I shall not fail to meet this one. I will give him the kiss of peace, even as the holy Anthony did when

he came to the hermit Paul, and kissed him three times. We will discourse of things eternal, and perhaps our

Lord will send us, by one of His ravens, a crust of bread, which my host will willingly invite me to share with

Whilst he was thus speaking to himself, he walked round the hut to see if he could find any one. He had not

walked a hundred paces when he saw a man seated, with his legs crossed, by the side of the river. The man

was naked; his hair and beard were quite white, and his body redder than brick. Paphnutius felt sure this must

be the hermit. He saluted him with the words the monks are accustomed to use when they meet each other.

"Peace be with you, brother! May you some day taste the sweet joys of paradise."

The man did not reply. He remained motionless, and appeared not to have heard. Paphnutius supposed this

was due to one of those rhapsodies to which the saints are accustomed. He knelt down, with his hands joined,

by the side of the unknown, and remained thus in prayer till sunset. Then, seeing that his companion had not

"Father, if you are now out of the ecstasy in which you were lost, give me your blessing in our Lord Jesus

"What!" cried Paphnutius. "The prophets have announced Him; legions of martyrs have confessed His name;

Caesar himself has worshipped Him, and, but just now, I made the sphinx of Silsile proclaim His glory. Is it

"Friend," replied the other, "it is possible. It would even be certain, if anything in this world were certain."

"If you know not Jesus Christ," he said, "all your works serve no purpose, and you will never rise to life

"It is useless to act, or to abstain from acting. It matters not whether we live or die."

"Eh, what?" asked Paphnutius. "Do you not desire to live through all eternity? But, tell me, do you not live in

"Then you are like me, poor, chaste, and solitary. And you are not so as I amfor the love of God, and

with a hope of celestial happiness! That I cannot understand. Why are you virtuous if you do not believe in

Jesus Christ? Why deprive yourself of the good things of this world if you do not hope to gain eternal riches

"Stranger, I deprive myself of nothing which is good, and I flatter myself that I have found a life which is

satisfactory enough, though to speak more preciselythere is no such thing as a good or evil life. Nothing

is itself, either virtuous or shameful, just or unjust, pleasant or painful, good or bad. It is our opinion which

"So then, according to you there is no certainty. You deny the truth which the idolaters themselves have

"Stranger, it is equally useless to abuse either dogs or philosophers. We know not what dogs are or what we

"Old man, do you belong, then, to the absurd sect of sceptics? Are you one of those miserable fools who alike

deny movement and rest, and who know not how to distinguish between the light of the sun and the shadows

"Friend, I am truly a sceptic, and of a sect which appears praiseworthy to me, though it seems ridiculous to

you. For the same things often assume different appearances. The pyramids of Memphis seem at sunrise to be

cones of pink light. At sunset they look like black triangles against the illuminated sky. But who shall solve

the problem of their true nature? You reproach me with denying appearances, when, in fact, appearances are

the only realities I recognise. The sun seems to me illuminous, but its nature is unknown to me. I feel that fire

burnsbut I know not how or why. My friend, you understand me badly. Besides, it is indifferent to me

"Once more. Why do you live on dates and onions in the desert? Why do you endure great hardships? I

endure hardships equally great, and, like you, I live in abstinence and solitude. But then it is to please God,

and to earn eternal happiness. And that is a reasonable object, for it is wise to suffer now for a future gain. It

is senseless, on the contrary, to expose yourself voluntarily to useless fatigue and vain sufferings. If I did not

believepardon my blasphemy, O uncreated Light!if I did not believe in the truth of that which God has

taught us by the voice of the prophets, by the example of His Son, by the acts of the Apostles, by the

authority of councils, and by the testimony of the martyrs,if I did not know that the sufferings of the body

are necessary for the salvation of the soulif I were, like thee, lost in ignorance of sacred mysteriesI

would return at once amongst the men of this day, I would strive to acquire riches, that I might live in ease,

like those who are happy in this world, and I would say to the votaries of pleasure, 'Come, my daughters,

come, my servants, come and pour out for me your wines, your philtres, your perfumes.' But you, foolish old

man! you deprive yourself of all these advantages; you lose without hope of any gain; you give without hope

of any return, and you imitate foolishly the noble deeds of us anchorites, as an impudent monkey thinks, by

smearing a wall, to copy the picture of a clever artist. What, then, are your reasons, O most besotted of men?"

Paphnutius spoke with violence and indignation, but the old man remained unmoved.

"Friend," he replied, gently, "what matter the reasons of a dog sleeping in the dirt or a mischievous ape?"

Paphnutius' only aim was the glory of God. His anger vanished, and he apologised with noble humility.

"Pardon me, old man, my brother," he said, "if zeal for the truth has carried me beyond proper bounds. God is

my witness, that it is thy errors and not thyself that I hate. I suffer to see thee in darkness, for I love thee in

Jesus Christ, and care for thy salvation fills my heart. Speak! give me your reasons. I long to know them that

"It is the same to me whether I speak or remain silent. I will give my reasons without asking yours in return,

for I have no interest in you at all. I care neither for your happiness nor your misfortune, and it matters not to

me whether you think one way or another. Why should I love you, or hate you? Aversion and sympathy are

equally unworthy of the wise man. But since you question me, know then that I am named Timocles, and that

I was born at Cos, of parents made rich by commerce. My father was a shipowner. In intelligence he much

resembled Alexander, who is surnamed the Great. But he was not so gross. In short, he was a man of no great

parts. I had two brothers, who, like him, were shipowners. As for me, I followed wisdom. My eldest brother

was compelled by my father to marry a Carian woman, named Timaessa, who displeased him so greatly that

he could not live with her without falling into a deep melancholy. However, Timaessa inspired our younger

brother with a criminal passion, and this passion soon turned to a furious madness. The Carian woman hated

them both equally; but she loved a fluteplayer, and received him at night in her chamber. One morning he

left there the wreath which he usually wore at feasts. My two brothers, having found this wreath, swore to kill

the flute player, and the next day they caused him to perish under the lash, in spite of his tears and prayers.

My sisterinlaw felt such grief that she lost her reason, and these three poor wretches became beasts rather

than human beings, and wandered insane along the shores of Cos, howling like wolves and foaming at the

mouth, and hooted at by the children, who threw shells and stones at them. They died, and my father buried

them with his own hands. A little later his stomach refused all nourishment, and he died of hunger, though he

was rich enough to have bought all the meats and fruits in the markets of Asia. He was deeply grieved at

having to leave me his fortune. I used it in travels. I visited Italy, Greece, and Africa without meeting a single

person who was either wise or happy. I studied philosophy at Athens and Alexandria, and was deafened by

noisy arguments. At last I wandered as far as India, and I saw on the banks of the Ganges a naked man, who

had sat there motionless with his legs crossed for more than thirty years. Climbing plants twined round his

dried up body, and the birds built their nests in his hair. Yet he lived. At the sight of him I called to mind

Timaessa, the fluteplayer, my two brothers, and my father, and I realised that this Indian was a wise man.

'Men,' I said to myself, 'suffer because they are deprived of that which they believe to be good; or because,

possessing it they fear to lose it; or because they endure that which they believe to be an evil. Put an end to all

beliefs of this kind, and the evils would disappear.' That is why I resolved henceforth to deem nothing an

advantage, to tear myself entirely from the good things of this world, and to live silent and motionless, like

"Timocles of Cos," he replied, "I own that your discourse is not wholly devoid of sense. It is, in truth, wise to

despise the riches of this world. But it would be absurd to despise also your eternal welfare, and render

yourself liable to be visited by the wrath of God. I grieve at your ignorance, Timocles, and I will instruct you

in the truth, in order that knowing that there really exists a God in three hypostases, you may obey this God

"Refrain, stranger, from showing me your doctrines, and do not imagine that you will persuade me to share

your opinions. All discussions are useless. My opinion is to have no opinion. My life is devoid of trouble

because I have no preferences. Go thy ways, and strive not to withdraw me from the beneficent apathy in

which I am plunged, as though in a delicious bath, after the hardships of my past days."

Paphnutius was profoundly instructed in all things relating to the faith. By his knowledge of the human heart,

he was aware that the grace of God had not fallen on old Timocles, and the day of salvation for this soul so

obstinately resolved to ruin itself had not yet come. He did not reply, lest the power given for edification

should turn to destruction. For it sometimes happens, in disputing with infidels, that the means used for their

conversion may steep them still farther in sin. Therefore they who possess the truth should take care how they

"Farewell, then, unhappy Timocles," he said; and heaving a deep sigh, he resumed his pious pilgrimage

In the morning, he saw the ibises motionless on one leg at the edge of the water, which reflected their pale

pink necks. The willows stretched their soft grey foliage to the bank, cranes flew in a triangle in the clear sky,

and the cry of unseen herons was heard from the sedges. Far as the eye could reach, the river rolled its broad

green waters o'er which white sails, like the wings of birds, glided, and here and there on the shores, a white

house shone out. A light mist floated along the banks, and from out the shadow of the islands, which were

laden with palms, flowers, and fruits, came noisy flocks of ducks, geese, flamingoes, and teal. To the left, the

grassy valley extended to the desert its fields and orchards in joyful abundance; the sun shone on the yellow

wheat, and the earth exhaled forth its fecundity in odorous wafts. At this sight, Paphnutius fell on his knees,

"Blessed be the Lord, who has given a happy issue to my journey. O God, who spreadest Thy dew upon the

fig trees of the Arsiniote, pour Thy grace upon Thais, whom Thou hast formed with Thy love, as Thou hast

the flowers and trees of the field. May she, by Thy loving care, flourish like a sweetscented rose in the

And every time that he saw a tree covered with blossom, or a bird of brilliant plumage, he thought of Thais.

Keeping along the left arm of the river and through a fertile and populous district, he reached, in a few days,

the city of Alexandria, which the Greeks have surnamed the Beautiful and the Golden. The sun had risen an

hour, when he beheld, from the top of a hill, the vast city, the roofs of which glittered in the rosy light. He

"There, then," he said, "is the delightful spot where I was born in sin; the bright air where I breathed

poisonous perfumes; the sea of pleasure where I heard the songs of the sirens. There is my cradle, after the

flesh; my native landin the parlance of the men of these days! A rich cradle, an illustrious country, in the

judgment of men! It is natural that thy children should reverence thee like a mother, Alexandria, and I was

begotten in thy magnificently adorned breast. But the ascetic despises nature, the mystic scorns appearances,

the Christian regards his native land as a place of exile, the monk is not of this earth. I have turned away my

heart from loving thee, Alexandria. I hate thee! I hate thee for thy riches, thy science, thy pleasures, and thy

beauty. Be accursed, temple of demons! Lewd couch of the Gentiles, tainted pulpit of Arian heresy, be thou

accursed! And thou, winged son of heaven who led the holy hermit Anthony, our father, when he came from

the depths of the desert, and entered into the citadel of idolatry to strengthen the faith of believers and the

confidence of martyrs, beautiful angel of the Lord, invisible child, first breath of God, fly thou before me, and

cleanse, by the beating of thy wings, the corrupted air I am about to breathe amongst the princes of darkness

Having thus spoken, he resumed his journey. He entered the city by the Gate of the Sun. This gate was a

handsome structure of stone. In the shadow of its arch, crowded some poor wretches, who offered lemons and

An old woman in rags, who was kneeling there, seized the monk's cassock, kissed it, and said

"Man of the Lord, bless me, that God may bless me. I have suffered many things in this world that I may

have joys in the world to come. You come from God, O holy man, and that is why the dust of your feet is

"The Lord be praised!" said Paphnutius, and with his halfclosed hand he made the sign of redemption on the

But hardly had he gone twenty paces down the street, than a band of children began to jeer at him, and throw

"Oh, the wicked monk! He is blacker than an ape, and more bearded than a goat! He is a skulker! Why not

hang him in an orchard, like a wooden Priapus, to frighten the birds? But no; he would draw down the hail on

the appleblossom. He brings bad luck. To the ravens with the monk! to the ravens!" and stones mingled

"I was worshipped by the old woman, and hated and despised by these children. Thus the same object is

appreciated differently by men who are uncertain in their judgment and liable to error. It must be owned that,

for a Gentile, old Timocles was not devoid of sense. Though blind, he knew he was deprived of light. His

reasoning was much better than that of these idolaters, who cry from the depths of their thick darkness, 'I see

the day!' Everything in this world is mirage and moving sand. God alone is steadfast."

He passed through the city with rapid steps. After ten years of absence he would still recognise every stone,

and every stone was to him a stone of reproach that recalled a sin. For that reason he struck his naked feet

roughly against the kerbstones of the wide street, and rejoiced to see the bloody marks of his wounded feet.

Leaving on his left the magnificent portico of the Temple of Serapis, he entered a road lined with splendid

mansions, which seemed to be drowsy with perfumes. Pines, maples, and larches raised their heads above the

red cornices and golden acroteria. Through the halfopen doors could be seen bronze statues in marble

vestibules, and fountains playing amidst foliage. No noise troubled the stillness of these quiet retreats. Only

the distant strains of a flute could be heard. The monk stopped before a house, rather small, but of noble

proportions, and supported by columns as graceful as young girls. It was ornamented with bronze busts of the

He recognised Plato, Socrates, Aristotle, Epicurus, and Zeno, and having knocked with the hammer against

"It is vanity to glorify in metal these false sages; their lies are confounded, their souls are lost in hell, and

even the famous Plato himself, who filled the earth with his eloquence, now disputes with the devils."

A slave opened the door, and seeing a man with bare feet standing on the mosaic threshold, said to him

"Brother," replied the Abbott of Antinoe, "all that I ask is that you conduct me to your master, Nicias."

"My son," said Paphnutius, "will you please do what I ask, and tell your master that I desire to see him.

"Get out, vile beggar!" cried the porter furiously; and he raised his stick and struck the holy man, who, with

his arms crossed upon his breast, received unmovedly the blow, which fell full in his face, and then repeated

Nicias had just left the bath. Two pretty slave girls were scraping him with strigils. He was a

pleasantlooking man, with a kind smile. There was an expression of gentle satire in his face. On seeing the

"It is you!" he cried, "Paphnutius, my fellowscholar, my friend my brother! Oh, I knew you again, though,

to say the truth, you look more like a wild animal than a man. Embrace me. Do you remember the time when

we studied grammar, rhetoric, and philosophy together? You were, even then, of a morose and wild character,

but I liked you because of your complete sincerity. We used to say that you looked at the universe with the

eyes of a wild horse, and it was not surprising you were dull and moody. You needed a pinch of Attic salt, but

your liberality knew no bounds. You cared nothing for either your money or your life. And you had the

eccentricity of genius, and a strange character which interested me deeply. You are welcome, my dear

Paphnutius, after ten years of absence. You have quitted the desert; you have renounced all Christian

superstitions, and now return to your old life. I will mark this day with a white stone."

"Crobyle and Myrtale," he added, turning towards the girls, "perfume the feet, hands, and beard of my dear

They smiled, and had already brought the basin, the phials, and the metal mirror. But Paphnutius stopped

them with an imperious gesture, and lowered his eyes that he might not look upon them, for they were naked.

Nicias brought cushions for him, and offered him various meats and drinks, which Paphnutius scornfully

"Nicias," he said, "I have not renounced what you falsely call the Christian superstition, which is the truth of

truths. 'In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. All things were

made by Him, and without Him was not anything made that was made. In Him was the life, and the life was

"My dear Paphnutius," replied Nicias, who had now put on a perfumed tunic, "do you expect to astonish me

by reciting a lot of words jumbled together without skill, which are no more than a vain murmur? Have you

forgotten that I am a bit of a philosopher myself? And do you think to satisfy me with some rags, torn by

ignorant men from the purple garment of AEmilius, when AEmilius, Porphyry, and Plato, in all their glory,

did not satisfy me! The systems devised by the sages are but tales imagined to amuse the eternal childishness

of men. We divert ourselves with them, as we do with the stories of The Ass, The Tub, and The Ephesian

And, taking his guest by the arm, he led him into a room where thousands of papyri were rolled up and lay in

"This is my library," he said. "It contains a small part of the various systems which the philosophers have

constructed to explain the world. The Serapeium itself, with all its riches, does not contain them all. Alas!

He compelled his guest to sit down in an ivory chair, and sat down himself. Paphnutius scowled gloomily at

"Oh, my dear guest, that would be a pity!" replied Nicias. "For the dreams of sick men are sometimes

amusing. Besides, if we should destroy all the dreams and visions of men, the earth would lose its form and

"It is certain that the doctrines of the pagans are but vain lies. But God, who is the truth, revealed Himself to

"You speak well, my dear Paphnutius, when you say that he was made flesh. A God who thinks, acts, speaks,

who wanders through nature, like Ulysses of old on the glaucous sea, is altogether a man. How do you expect

that we should believe in this new Jupiter, when the urchins of Athens, in the time of Pericles, no longer

"But let us leave all that. You did not come here; I suppose, to argue about the three hypostases. What can I

"A good deed," replied the Abbot of Antinoe. "Lend me a perfumed tunic, like the one you have just put on.

Be kind enough to add to the tunic, gilt sandals, and a vial of oil to anoint my beard and hair. It is needful

also, that you should give me a purse with a thousand drachmae in it. That, O Nicias, is what I came to ask of

Nicias made Crobyle and Myrtale bring his richest tunic; it was embroidered, after the Asiatic fashion, with

flowers and animals. The two girls held it open, and skilfully showed its bright colours, waiting till

Paphnutius should have taken off the cassock which covered him down to his feet. But the monk having

declared that they should rather tear off his flesh than this garment, they put on the tunic over it. As the two

girls were pretty, they were not afraid of men, although they were slaves. They laughed at the strange

appearance of the monk thus clad. Crobyle called him her dear satrap, as she presented him with the mirror,

and Myrtale pulled his beard. But Paphnutius prayed to the Lord, and did not look at them. Having tied on the

gilt sandals, and fastened the purse to his belt, he said to Nicias, who was looking at him with an amused

"O Nicias, let not these things be an offence in your eyes. For know that I shall make pious use of this tunic,

"My dear friend," replied Nicias, "I suspect no evil, for I believe that men are equally incapable of doing evil

or doing good. Good and evil exist only in the opinion. The wise man has only custom and usage to guide

him in his acts. I conform with all the prejudices which prevail at Alexandria. That is why I pass for an honest

"She is beautiful," replied Nicias, "and there was a time when she was dear to me. For her sake, I sold a mill

and two fields of corn, and I composed in her honour three books full of detestably bad verses. Surely beauty

is the most powerful force in the world, and were we so made that we could possess it always, we should care

as little as may be for the demiurgos, the logos, the aeons, and all the other reveries of the philosophers. But I

am surprised, my good Paphnutius, that you should have come from the depths of the Thebaid to talk about

Having said this, he sighed gently. And Paphnutius gazed at him with horror, not conceiving it possible that a

man should so calmly avow such a sin. He expected to see the earth open, and Nicias swallowed up in flames.

But the earth remained solid, and the Alexandrian silent, his forehead resting on his hand, and he smiling

sadly at the memories of his past youth. The monk rose, and continued in solemn tones

"Know then, O Nicias, that, with the aid of God, I will snatch this woman Thais from the unclean affections

of the world, and give her as a spouse to Jesus Christ. If the Holy Spirit does not forsake me, Thais will leave

"Beware of offending Venus," replied Nicias. "She is a powerful goddess, she will be angry with you if you

"God will protect me," said Paphnutius. "May He also illumine thy heart, O Nicias, and draw thee out of the

And he stalked out of the room. But Nicias followed him, and overtook him on the threshold, and placing his

Paphnutius, disdainful of these trivial words, left without turning his head. He felt only contempt for Nicias;

but what he could not bear was the idea that his former friend had received the caresses of Thais. It seemed to

him that to sin with that woman was more detestable than to sin with any other. To him this appeared the

height of iniquity, and he henceforth looked upon Nicias as an object of execration. He had always hated

impurity, but never before had this vice appeared so heinous to him; never before had it so seemed to merit

He felt only a more ardent desire to save Thais from the Gentiles, and that he must hasten to see the actress in

order to save her. Nevertheless, before he could enter her house, he must wait till the heat of the day was

over, and now the morning had hardly finished. Paphnutius wandered through the most frequented streets. He

had resolved to take no food that day, in order to be the less unworthy of the favours he had asked of the

Lord. To the great grief of his soul, he dared not enter any of the churches in the city, because he knew they

were profaned by the Arians, who had overturned the Lord's table. For, in fact, these heretics, supported by

the Emperor of the East, had driven the patriarch Athanasius from his episcopate, and sown trouble and

He therefore wandered about aimlessly, sometimes with his eyes fixed on the ground in humility, and

sometimes raised to heaven in ecstasy. After some time, he found himself on the quay. Before him lay the

harbour, in which were sheltered innumerable ships and galleys, and beyond them, smiling in blue and silver,

lay the perfidious sea. A galley, which bore a Nereid at its prow, had just weighed anchor. The rowers sang as

the oars struck the water; and already the white daughter of the waters, covered with humid pearls, showed no

more than a flying profile to the monk. Steered by her pilot, she cleared the passage leading from the basin of

"I also," thought Paphnutius, "once desired to embark singing on the ocean of the world. But I soon saw my

Lost in his thoughts, he sat down upon a coil of rope, and went to sleep. During his sleep, he had a vision. He

seemed to hear the sound of a clanging trumpet, and the sky became blood red, and he knew that the day of

judgment had come. Whilst he was fervently praying to God, he saw an enormous monster coming towards

him, bearing on its forehead a cross of light, and he recognised the sphinx of Silsile. The monster seized him

between its teeth, without hurting him, and carried him in its mouth, as a cat carries a kitten. Paphnutius was

thus conveyed across many countries, crossing rivers and traversing mountains, and came at last to a desert

place, covered with scowling rocks and hot cinders. The ground was rent in many places, and through these

openings came a hot air. The monster gently put Paphnutius down on the ground, and said

And Paphnutius, leaning over the edge of the abyss, saw a river of fire which flowed in the interior of the

earth, between two cliffs of black rocks. There, in a livid light, the demons tormented the souls of the

damned. The souls preserved the appearance of the bodies which had held them, and even wore some rags of

clothing. These souls seemed peaceful in the midst of their torments. One of them, tall and white, his eyes

closed, a white fillet across his forehead, and a sceptre in his hand, sang; his voice filled the desert shores

with harmony; he sang of gods and heroes. Little green devils pierced his lips and throat with redhot irons.

And the shade of Homer still sang. Near by, old Anaxagoras, bald and hoary, traced figures in the dust with a

compass. A demon poured boiling oil into his ear, yet failed, however, to disturb the sage's meditations. And

the monk saw many other persons, who, on the dark shore by the side of the burning river, read, or quietly

meditated, or conversed with other spirits while walking,like the sages and pupils under the shadow of the

sycamore trees of Academe. Old Timocles alone had withdrawn from the others, and shook his head like a

man who denies. One of the demons of the abyss shook a torch before his eyes, but Timocles would see

Mute with surprise at this spectacle, Paphnutius turned to the monster. It had disappeared, and, in place of the

"Look and understand. Such is the obstinacy of these infidels, that, even in hell, they remain victims of the

illusions which deluded them when on earth. Death has not undeceived them; for it is very plain that it does

not suffice merely to die in order to see God. Those who are ignorant of the truth whilst living, will be

ignorant of it always. The demons which are busy torturing these souls, what are they but agents of divine

justice? That is why these souls neither see them nor feel them. They were ignorant of the truth, and therefore

unaware of their own condemnation, and God Himself cannot compel them to suffer.

"He cannot do that which is absurd," replied the veiled woman. "To punish them, they must first be

enlightened, and if they possessed the truth, they would be like unto the elect."

Vexed and horrified, Paphnutius again bent over the edge of the abyss. He saw the shade of Nicias smiling,

with a wreath of flowers on his head, sitting under a burnt myrtle tree. By his side was Aspasia of Miletus,

gracefully draped in a woollen cloak, and they seemed to talk together of love and philosophy; the expression

of her face was sweet and noble. The rain of fire which fell on them was as a refreshing dew, and their feet

pressed the burning soil as though it had been tender grass. At this sight Paphnutius was filled with fury.

"Strike him, O God! strike him!" he cried. "It is Nicias! Let him weep! let him groan! let him grind his teeth!

"Quietly! quietly! my friend! By Proteus, the old shepherd of the seals, you slumber uneasily. If I had not

caught hold of you, you would have tumbled into the Eunostos. It is as true as that my mother sold salt fish,

And, rising to his feet, he walked straight before him, meditating on the vision which had come to him whilst

"This vision," he said to himself, "is plainly an evil one; it is an insult to divine goodness to imagine hell is

He reasoned thus because he knew how to distinguish between the dreams sent by God and those produced

by evil angels. Such discernment is useful to the hermit, who lives surrounded by apparitions, and who, in

avoiding men, is sure to meet with spirits. The deserts are full of phantoms. When the pilgrims drew near the

ruined castle, to which the holy hermit, Anthony, had retired, they heard a noise like that which goes up from

the public square of a large city at a great festival. The noise was made by the devils, who were tempting the

Paphnutius remembered this memorable example. He also called to mind St. John the Egyptian, who for sixty

years was tempted by the devil. But John saw through all the tricks of the demon. One day, however, the

devil, having assumed the appearance of a man, entered the grotto of the venerable John, and said to him,

"John, you must continue to fast until tomorrow evening." And John, believing that it was an angel who

spoke, obeyed the voice of the demon, and fasted the next day until the vesper hour. That was the only

victory that the Prince of Darkness ever gained over St. John the Egyptian, and that was but a trifling one. It

was therefore not astonishing that Paphnutius knew at once that the vision which had visited him in his sleep

Whilst he was gently remonstrating with God for having given him into the power of the demons, he felt

himself pushed and dragged amidst a crowd of people who were all hurrying in the same direction. As he was

unaccustomed to walk in the streets of a city, he was shoved and knocked from one passer to another like an

inert mass; and being embarrassed by the folds of his tunic, he was more than once on the point of falling.

Desirous of knowing where all these people could be going, he asked one of them the cause of this hurry.

"Do you not know, stranger," replied he, "that the games are about to begin, and that Thais will appear on the

stage? All the citizens are going to the theatre, and I also am going. Would you like to accompany me?"

It occurred to him at once that it would further his design to see Thais in the games, and Paphnutius followed

the stranger. In front of them stood the theatre, its portico ornamented with shining masks, and its huge

circular wall covered with innumerable statues. Following the crowd, they entered a narrow passage, at the

end of which lay the amphitheatre, glittering with light. They took their places on one of the seats, which

descended in steps to the stage, which was empty but magnificently decorated. There was no curtain to hide

the view, and on the stage was a mound, such as used to be erected in old times to the shades of heroes. This

mound stood in the midst of a camp. Lances were stacked in front of the tents, and golden shields hung from

masts, amidst boughs of laurel and wreaths of oak. On the stage all was silence, but a murmur like the

humming of bees in a hive rose from the vast hemicycle filled with spectators. All their faces, reddened by

the reflection from the purple awning which waved above them, turned with attentive curiosity towards the

large, silent stage, with its tomb and tents. The women laughed and ate lemons, and the regular theatregoers

Paphnutius prayed inwardly, and refrained from uttering any vain words, but his neighbour began to

"Formerly," he said, "clever actors used to declaim, under a mask, the verses of Euripides and Menander.

Now they no longer recite dramas, they act in dumb show; and of the divine spectacles with which Bacchus

was honoured in Athens, we have kept nothing but what a barbariana Scythian evencould

understandattitude and gesture. The tragic mask, the mouth of which was provided with metal tongues that

increased the sound of the voice; the cothurnus, which raised the actors to the height of gods; the tragic

majesty and the splendid verses that used to be sung, have all gone. Pantomimists, and dancing girls with

bare faces, have replaced Paulus and Roscius. What would the Athenians of the days of Pericles have said if

they had seen a woman on the stage? It is indecent for a woman to appear in public. We must be very

degenerate to permit it. It is as certain as that my name is Dorion, that woman is the natural enemy of man,

"You speak wisely," replied Paphnutius; "woman is our worst enemy. She gives us pleasure, and is to be

"By the immovable gods," cried Dorion, "it is not pleasure that woman gives to man, but sadness, trouble,

and black cares. Love is the cause of our most biting evils. Listen, stranger. When I was a young man I

visited Troezene, in Argolis, and I saw there a myrtle of a most prodigious size, the leaves of which were

covered with innumerable pinholes. And this is what the Troezenians say about that myrtle. Queen Phaedra,

when she was in love with Hippolytos, used to recline idly all day long under this same tree. To beguile the

tedium of her weary life she used to draw out the golden pin which held her fair locks, and pierce with it the

leaves of the sweetscented bush. All the leaves were riddled with holes. After she had ruined the poor young

man whom she pursued with her incestuous love, Phaedra, as you know, perished miserably. She locked

herself up in her bridal chamber, and hanged herself by her golden girdle from an ivory peg. The gods willed

that the myrtle, the witness of her bitter misery, should continue to bear, in its fresh leaves, the marks of the

pinholes. I picked one of these leaves, and placed it at the head of my bed, that by the sight of it I might take

warning against the folly of love, and conform to the doctrine of the divine Epicurus, my master, who taught

that all lust is to be feared. But, properly speaking, love is a disease of the liver, and one is never sure of not

"I have only one pleasure, and, it must be confessed, that it is not a very exciting one; it is meditation. When a

Taking advantage of these words, Paphnutius proceeded to initiate the Epicurean into those spiritual joys

But he saw then that all heads were turned towards him, and everybody was making signs for him to be quiet.

Dead silence prevailed in the theatre, broken at last by the strains of heroic music.

The play began. The soldiers left their tents, and were preparing to depart, when a prodigy occurreda cloud

covered the summit of the funeral pile. Then the cloud rolled away, and the ghost of Achilles appeared, clad

in golden armour. Extending his arms towards the warriors, he seemed to say to them, "What! do you depart,

children of Danaos? do you return to the land I shall never behold again, and leave my tomb without any

offerings?" Already the principal Greek chieftains pressed to the foot of the pile. Acamas, the son of Theseus,

old Nestor, Agamemnon, bearing a sceptre and with a fillet on his brow, gazed at the prodigy. Pyrrhus, the

young son of Achilles, was prostrate in the dust. Ulysses, recognisable by the cap which covered his curly

hair, showed by his gestures that he acquiesced in the demand of the hero's shade. He argued with

"Achilles," said the King of Ithaca, "is worthy to be honoured by us, for he died gloriously for Hellas. He

demands that the daughter of Priam, the virgin Polyxena, should be immolated on his tomb. Greeks! appease

"Spare the Trojan virgins we have torn from the altars. Sufficient misfortunes have already fallen on the

He spoke thus because he shared the couch of the sister of Polyxena, and the wise Ulysses reproached him for

The Greeks showed they shared the opinion of Ulysses, by loudly clashing their weapons. The death of

Polyxena was resolved on, and the appeased shade of Achilles vanished. The musicsometimes wild and

sometimes plaintivefollowed the thoughts of the personages in the drama. The spectators burst into

"All religions breed crimes," replied the Epicurean. "Happily, a Greek, who was divinely wise, has freed men

Just at that moment, Hecuba, her white hair dishevelled, her robe tattered, came out of the tent in which she

was kept captive. A long sigh went up from the audience, when her woeful figure appeared. Hecuba had been

warned by a prophetic dream, and lamented her daughter's fate and her own. Ulysses approached her, and

asked her to give up Polyxena. The old mother tore her hair, dug her nails into her cheeks, and kissed the

"Be wise, Hecuba, and yield to necessity. There are amongst us many old mothers who weep for their

And Hecuba, formerly queen of the most flourishing city in Asia, and now a slave, bowed her unhappy head

Then the curtain in front of one of the tents was raised, and the virgin Polyxena appeared. A tremor passed

through all the spectators. They had recognised Thais. Paphnutius saw again the woman he had come to seek.

With her white arm she held above her head the heavy curtain. Motionless as a splendid statue, she stood,

with a look of pride and resignation in her violet eyes, and her resplendent beauty made a shudder of

A murmur of applause uprose, and Paphnutius, his soul agitated, and pressing both hands to his heart,

"Certainly the atoms, which have momentarily met together to form this woman, present a combination

which is agreeable to the eye. But that is but a freak of nature, and the atoms know not what they do. They

will some day separate with the same indifference as they came together. Where are now the atoms which

formed Lais or Cleopatra? I must confess that women are sometimes beautiful. But they are liable to grievous

afflictions, and disgusting inconveniences. That is patent to all thinking men, though the vulgar pay no

attention to it. And women inspire love, though it is absurd and ridiculous to love them."

Such were the thoughts of the philosopher and the ascetic as they gazed on Thais. They neither of them

"Try to soften the cruel Ulysses. Employ your tears, your beauty, and your youth."

Thaisor rather Polyxena herselflet fall the curtain of the tent. She made a step forward, and all hearts

were conquered. And when, with firm but light steps, she advanced towards Ulysses, her rhythmic

movements, which were accompanied by the sound of flutes, created in all present such happy visions, that it

seemed as though she were the divine centre of all the harmonies of the world. All eyes were bent on her; the

other actors were obscured by her effulgence, and were not noticed. The play continued, however.

The prudent son of Laertes turned away his head, and hid his hand under his mantle, in order to avoid the

looks and kisses of the suppliant. The virgin made a sign to him to fear nothing. Her tranquil gaze said

"I follow you, Ulysses, and bow to necessitybecause I wish to die. Daughter of Priam, and sister of Hector,

my couch, which was once worthy of Kings, shall never receive a foreign master. Freely do I quit the light of

Hecuba, lying motionless in the dust, suddenly rose and enfolded her daughter in a last despairing embrace.

Polyxena gently, but resolutely, removed the old arms which held her. She seemed to say

"Do not expose yourself, mother, to the fury of your master. Do not wait until he drags you ignominiously on

the ground in tearing me from your arms. Better, O wellbeloved mother, to give me your wrinkled hand, and

The face of Thais looked beautiful in its grief. The crowd felt grateful to her for showing them the forms and

passions of life endowed with superhuman grace, and Paphnutius pardoned her present splendour on account

of her coming humility, and glorified himself in advance for the saint he was about to give to heaven.

The drama neared its end. Hecuba fell as though dead, and Polyxena, led by Ulysses, advanced towards the

tomb, which was surrounded by the chief warriors. A dirge was sung as she mounted the funeral pile, on the

summit of which the son of Achilles poured out libations from a gold cup to the manes of the hero. When the

sacrificing priests stretched out their arms to seize her, she made a sign that she wished to die free and

unbound, as befitted the daughter of so many kings. Then, tearing aside her robe, she bared her bosom to the

blow. Pyrrhus, turning away his head, plunged his sword into her heart, and by a skilful trick, the blood

gushed forth over the dazzling white breast of the virgin, who, with head thrown back, and her eyes

Whilst the warriors enshrouded the victim with a veil, and covered her with lilies and anemones, terrified

screams and groans rent the air, and Paphnutius, rising from his seat, prophesied in a loud voice.

"Gentiles? vile worshippers of demons! And you Arians more infamous than the idolaters!learn! That

which you have just seen is an image and a symbol. There is a mystic meaning in this fable, and very soon

the woman you see there will be offered, a willing and happy sacrifice, to the risen God."

But already the crowd was surging in dark waves towards the exits. The Abbot of Antinoe, escaping from the

The actress then lived in the rich Racotis quarter, near the tomb of Alexander, in a house surrounded by shady

gardens, in which a brook, bordered with poplars, flowed amidst artificial rocks. An old black slave woman,

"I wish to see Thais," he replied. "God is my witness that I came here for no other purpose."

As he wore a rich tunic, and spoke in an imperious manner, the slave allowed him to enter.

Thais was born of free, but poor, parents, who were idolaters. When she was a very little girl, her father kept,

at Alexandria, near the Gate of the Moon, an inn, which was frequented by sailors. She still retained some

vivid, but disconnected, memories of her early youth. She remembered her father, seated at the corner of the

hearth with his legs crossedtall, formidable, and quiet, like one of those old Pharaohs who are celebrated in

the ballads sung by blind men at the street corners. She remembered also her thin, wretched mother,

wandering like a hungry cat about the house, which she filled with the tones of her sharp voice, and the glitter

of her phosphorescent eyes. They said in the neighbourhood that she was a witch, and changed into an owl at

night, and flew to see her lovers. It was a lie. Thais knew well, having often watched her, that her mother

practised no magic arts, but that she was eaten up with avarice, and counted all night the gains of the day. The

idle father and the greedy mother let the child live as best it could, like one of the fowls in the poultry yard.

She became very clever in extracting, one by one, the oboli from the belt of some drunken sailor, and in

amusing the drinkers with artless songs and obscene words, the meaning of which she did not know. She

passed from knee to knee, in a room reeking with the odours of fermented drinks and resiny wineskins;

then, her cheeks sticky with beer and pricked by rough beards, she escaped, clutching the oboli in her little

hand, and ran to buy honeycakes from an old woman who crouched behind her baskets under the Gate of

the Moon. Every day the same scenes were repeated, the sailors relating their perilous adventures, then

playing at dice or knucklebones, and blaspheming the gods, amid their shouting for the best beer of Cilicia.

Every night the child was awakened by the quarrels of the drunkards. Oystershells would fly across the

tables, cutting the heads of those they hit, and the uproar was terrible. Sometimes she saw, by the light of the

It humiliated her to think that the only person who showed her any human kindness in her young days was

the mild and gentle Ahmes. Ahmes, the houseslave, a Nubian blacker than the pot he gravely skimmed, was

as good as a long night's sleep. Often he would take Thais on his knee, and tell her old tales about

underground treasurehouses constructed for avaricious kings, who put to death the masons and architects.

There were also tales about clever thieves who married kings' daughters, and courtesans who built pyramids.

Little Thais loved Ahmes like a father, like a mother, like a nurse, and like a dog. She followed the slave into

the cellar when he went to fill the amphorae, and into the poultryyard amongst the scraggy and ragged

fowls, all beak, claws, and feathers, who flew swifter than eagles before the knife of the black cook. Often at

night, on the straw, instead of sleeping, he built for Thais little watermills, and ships no bigger than his

He had been badly treated by his masters; one of his ears was torn, and his body covered with scars. Yet his

features always wore an air of joyous peace. And no one ever asked him whence he drew the consolation in

his soul, and the peace in his heart. He was as simple as a child. As he performed his heavy tasks, he sang, in

a harsh voice, hymns which made the child tremble and dream. He murmured, in a gravely joyous tone

"Little light of my eyes, I sing of the angels because Jesus, our Lord, is risen to heaven."

Ahmes was a Christian. He had been baptised, and was known as Theodore at the meetings of the faithful, to

At that time the Church was suffering the severest trials. By order of the Emperor, the churches had been

thrown down, the holy books burned, the sacred vessels and candlesticks melted. The Christians had been

deprived of all their honours, and expected nothing but death. Terror reigned over all the community at

Alexandria, and the prisons were crammed with victims. It was whispered with horror amongst the faithful,

that in Syria, in Arabia, in Mesopotamia, in Cappadocia, in all the empire, bishops and virgins had been

flogged, tortured, crucified or thrown to wild beasts. Then Anthony, already celebrated for his visions and his

solitary life, a prophet, and the head of all the Egyptian believers, descended like an eagle from his desert

rock on the city of Alexandria, and, flying from church to church, fired the whole community with his holy

ardour. Invisible to the pagans, he was present at the same time at all the meetings of Christians, endowing all

with the spirit of strength and prudence by which he was animated. Slaves, in particular, were persecuted

with singular severity. Many of them, seized with fright, denied the faith. Others, and by far the greater

number, fled to the desert, hoping to live there, either as hermits or robbers. Ahmes, however, frequented the

meetings as usual, visited the prisoners, buried the martyrs, and joyfully professed the religion of Christ. The

great Anthony, who saw his unshaken zeal, before he returned into the desert, pressed the black slave in his

"The good Lord God," he said, "lived in heaven like a Pharaoh, under the tents of His harem, and under the

trees of His gardens. He was the Ancient of Ancients, and older than the world; and He had but one Son, the

Prince Jesus, whom He loved with all His heart, and who surpassed in beauty the virgins and the angels. And

" 'Leave My harem and My palace, and My date trees and My running waters. Descend to earth for the

welfare of men. There Thou shalt be like a little child, and Thou shalt live poor amongst the poor. Suffering

shall be Thy daily bread, and Thou shalt weep so profusely that Thy tears shall form rivers, in which the tired

"Prince Jesus obeyed the good Lord, and He came down to earth, to a place named Bethlehem of Judaea. And

" 'Blessed are they who hunger, for I will lead them to My Father's table! Blessed are they who thirst, for they

shall drink of the fountains of heaven! Blessed are they who weep, for I will dry their tears with veils finer

"That is why the poor loved Him, and believed in Him. But the rich hated Him; fearing that He should raise

the poor above them. At that time, Cleopatra and Caesar were powerful on the earth. They both hated Jesus,

and they ordered the judges and priests to put Him to death. To obey the Queen of Egypt, the princes of Syria

erected a cross on a high mountain, and they caused Jesus to die on this cross. But women washed His corpse,

and buried it; and Prince Jesus, having broken the door of His tomb, rose again to the good Lord, His Father.

"They bathe to the sound of beautiful music, and, all the time they are eating, they see almehs dancing, and

they listen to tales that never end. They are dearer to the good Lord God than the light of His eyes, because

they are His guests, and they shall have for their portion the carpets of His house, and the pomegranates of

Ahmes often spoke in this strain, and thus taught the truth to Thais. She wondered, and said

And Thais asked to be baptised. Seeing by this that she believed in Jesus, the slave resolved to instruct her

more fully, so that, being baptised, she might enter the Church; and he loved her as his spiritual daughter.

The child, unloved and uncared for by its selfish parents, had no bed in the house. She slept in a corner of the

stable amongst the domestic animals, and there Ahmes came to her every night secretly.

He gently approached the mat on which she lay, and sat down on his heels, his legs bent and his body

straighta position hereditary to his race. His face and his body, which was clothed in black, were invisible

in the darkness; but his big white eyes shone out, and there came from them a light like a ray of dawn through

the chinks of a door. He spoke in a husky, monotonous tone, with a slight nasal twang that gave it the soft

melody of music heard at night in the streets. Sometimes the breathing of an ass, or the soft lowing of an ox,

accompanied, like a chorus of invisible spirits, the voice of the slave as he recited the gospels. His words

flowed gently in the darkness, which they filled with zeal, mercy, and hope; and the neophyte, her hand in

that of Ahmes, lulled by the monotonous sounds, and the vague visions in her mind, slept calm and smiling,

amid the harmonies of the dark night and the holy mysteries, gazed down on by a star, which twinkled

The initiation lasted a whole year, till the time when the Christians joyfully celebrate the festival of Easter.

One night in the holy week, Thais, who was already asleep on her mat, felt herself lifted by the slave, whose

eyes gleamed with a strange light. He was clad, not as usual in a pair of torn drawers, but in a long white

"Come, my soul! Come, light of my eyes! Come, little sweetheart! Come and be clad in the baptismal robes!"

He carried the child pressed to his breast. Frightened and yet curious, Thais, her head out of the cloak, threw

her arms round her friend's neck, and he ran with her through the darkness. They went down narrow, black

alleys; they passed through the Jews' quarter; they skirted a cemetery, where the osprey uttered its dismal cry;

they traversed an open space, passing under crosses on which hung the bodies of victims, and on the arms of

the crosses the ravens clacked their beaks. Thais hid her head in the slave's breast. She did not dare to peep

out all the rest of the way. Soon it seemed to her that she was going down under ground. When she reopened

her eyes she found herself in a narrow cave, lighted by resin torches, on the walls of which were painted

standing figures, which seemed to move and live in the flickering glare of the torches. They were men clad in

long tunics and carrying branches of palm, and around them were lambs, doves, and tendrils of vine.

Amongst these figures, Thais recognised Jesus of Nazareth, by the anemones flowering at his feet. In the

centre of the cave, near a large stone font filled with water, stood an old man clad in a scarlet dalmatic

embroidered with gold, and on his head a low mitre. His thin face ended in a long beard. He looked gentle

and humble, in spite of his rich costume. This was Bishop Vivantius, an exiled dignitary of the Church of

Cyrene, who now gained his livelihood by weaving common stuffs of goats' hair. Two poor children stood by

his side. Close by, an old negress unfolded a little white robe. Ahmes set the child down on the ground, and

"Father, this is the little soul, the child of my soul. I have brought her that you may, according to your

At these words the Bishop opened his arms, and showed his mutilated hands. His nails had been torn out

because he had maintained the faith in the days of persecution. Thais was frightened, and threw herself into

"Fear nothing, dearly beloved little one. Thou hast here a spiritual father, Ahmes, who is called Theodore

amongst the faithful, and a kind mother in grace, who has prepared for thee, with her own hands, a white

"She is called Nitida," he added, "and is a slave in this world, but in heaven she will be a spouse of Jesus."

"Thais, dost thou believe in God, the Father Almighty; and in His only Son, who died for our salvation; and

By the Bishop's orders, Nitida knelt down and undressed Thais. The child was quite naked; round her neck

was an amulet. The Pontiff plunged her three times into the baptismal font. The acolytes brought the oil, with

which Vivantius anointed the catechumen, and the salt, a morsel of which he placed on her tongue. Then,

having dried that body which was destined, after many trials, to life immortal, the slave Nitida put on Thais

The Bishop gave to each and all the kiss of peace, and, the ceremony being terminated, took off his sacerdotal

"We ought to rejoice that we have this day brought a soul to the good Lord God; let us go to the house of

"Thou hast well said, Theodore," replied the Bishop, and he led the little band to his house, which was quite

near. It consisted of a single room, furnished with a couple of looms, a heavy table, and a wornout carpet.

"Nitida," cried the Nubian, "bring hither the stove and the jar of oil, and we will have a good supper."

Saying thus, he drew from under his cloak some little fish which he had kept concealed, and lighted a fire and

fried them. The Bishop, the girl, the two boys, and the two slaves sat in a ring on the carpet, ate the fried fish,

and blessed the Lord. Vivantius spoke of the torture he had undergone, and prophesied the speedy triumph of

the Church. His language was grotesque, and full of wordplay and rhetorical tropes. He compared the life of

"The Divine Spirit floated on the waters, and that is why Christians receive the baptism of water. But demons

also inhabit the brooks; springs consecrated to nymphs are especially dangerous, and there are certain waters

Sometimes he spoke enigmatically, and the child listened to him with profound awe and wonder. At the end

of the repast he offered his guests a little wine, and this unloosed their tongues, and they began to sing

lamentations and hymns. Ahmes and Nitida then rose, and danced a Nubian dance which they had learned as

children, and which, no doubt, had been danced by their tribe since the early ages of the world. It was a love

dance; waving their arms, and moving their bodies in rhythmic measure, they feigned, in turn, to fly from and

to pursue each other. Their big eyes rolled, and they showed their gleaming teeth in broad grins.

She loved amusements, and, as she grew, vague desires were created in her mind. All day long she danced

and sang with the children in the streets, and when at night she returned to her father's house, she was still

"Crooked twist, why do you stay in the house? I comb the wool, and the Miletan threads. Crooked twist, what

She now began to prefer the company of boys and girls to that of the gentle and quiet Ahmes. She did not

notice that her friend was not so often with her. The persecution having relented, the Christians were able to

assemble more regularly, and the Nubian frequented these meetings assiduously. His zeal increased, and he

sometimes uttered mysterious threats. He said that the rich would not keep their wealth. He went to the public

places to which the poorer Christians used to resort, and assembling together all the poor wretches who were

lying in the shade of the old walls, he announced to them that all slaves would soon be free, and that the day

"In the kingdom of God," he said, "the slaves will drink new wine and eat delicious fruits; whilst the rich,

These sayings were noised abroad through all that quarter of the city, and the masters feared that Ahmes

might incite the slaves to revolt. The innkeeper hated him intensely, though he carefully concealed his

One day, a silver saltcellar, reserved for the table of the gods, disappeared from the inn. Ahmes was accused

of having stolen itout of hate to his master and to the gods of the empire. There was no proof of the

accusation, and the slave vehemently denied the charge. Nevertheless, he was dragged before the tribunal,

and as he had the reputation of being a bad servant, the judge condemned him to death.

"As you did not know how to make a good use of your hands," he said, "they will be nailed to the cross."

Ahmes heard the verdict quietly, bowed to the judge most respectfully, and was taken to the public prison.

During the three days that remained to him, he did not cease to preach the gospel to the prisoners, and it was

related afterwards that the criminals, and the gaoler himself, touched by his words, believed in Jesus

He was taken to the very place which one night, less than two years before, he had crossed so joyfully,

carrying in his cloak little Thais, the daughter of his soul, his darling flower. When his hands were nailed to

the cross, he uttered no complaint, but many times he sighed and murmured, "I thirst."

His agony lasted three days and three nights. It seemed hardly possible that human flesh could have endured

such prolonged torture. Many times it was thought he was dead; the flies clustered on his eyelids, but

suddenly he would reopen his bloodshot eyes. On the morning of the fourth day, he sang, in a voice clearer

"They come, the angels of the good Lord. They bring me wine and fruit. How refreshing is the fanning of

His features preserved in death an expression of ecstatic happiness. Even the soldiers who guarded the cross

were struck with wonder. Vivantius, accompanied by some of the Christian brethren, claimed the body, and

buried it with the remains of the other martyrs in the crypt of St. John the Baptist, and the Church venerated

Three years later, Constantine, the conquerer of Maxentius, issued an edict which granted toleration to the

Christians, and the believers were not henceforth persecuted, except by heretics.

Thais had completed her eleventh year when her friend was tortured to death, and she felt deeply saddened

and shocked. Her soul was not sufficiently pure to allow her to understand that the slave Ahmes was blessed

both in his life and his death. The idea sprang up in her little mind that no one can be good in this world

except at the cost of the most terrible sufferings. And she was afraid to be good, for her delicate flesh could

At an early age, she had given herself to the lads about the port, and she followed the old men who wandered

about the quarter in the evening, and with what she received from them she bought cakes and trinkets.

As she did not take home any of the money she gained, her mother continually illtreated her. To get out of

reach of her mother's arm, she often ran, barefooted, to the city walls, and hid with the lizards. There she

thought with envy of the ladies she had seen pass her, richly dressed, and in a litter surrounded by slaves.

One day, when she had been beaten more brutally than usual, she was crouching down beside the gate,

motionless and sulky, when an old woman stopped in front of her, looked at her for some moments in silence,

"Oh, the pretty flower! the beautiful child! Happy is the father who begot thee, and the mother who brought

Thais remained silent, with her eyes fixed on the ground. Her eyelids were red, and it was evident she had

"My white violet," continued the old woman, "is not your mother happy to have nourished a little goddess

like you, and does not your father, when he sees you, rejoice from the bottom of his heart?"

The old woman glanced to right and left, to see if she were observed. Then, in a fawning voice

"Sweet flowering hyacinth, beautiful drinker of light, come with me, and you shall have nothing to do but

dance and smile. I will feed you on honey cakes, and my sonmy own sonwill love you as his eyes. My

son is handsome and young; he has but little beard on his chin; his skin is soft, and he is, as they say, a little

The old woman, who was named Moeroe, went from city to city with a troupe of girls and boys, whom she

Guessing that Thais would soon develop into a most beautiful woman, she taught herwith the help of a

whipmusic and prosody, and she flogged with leather thongs those beautiful legs, when they did not move

in time to the strains of the cithara. Her sona decrepit abortion, of no age and no sexilltreated the child,

on whom he vented the hate he had for all womankind. Like the dancinggirls whose grace he affected, he

knew, and taught Thais, the art of pantomime, and how to mimic, by expression, gesture, and attitude, all

human passions, and more especially the passions of love. He was a clever master, though he disliked his

work; but he was jealous of his pupil, and as soon as he discovered that she was born to give men pleasure, he

scratched her cheeks, pinched her arms, or pricked her legs, as a spiteful girl would have done. Thanks,

however, to his lessons, she quickly became an excellent musician, pantomimist, and dancer. The brutality of

her master did not at all surprise her; it seemed natural to her to be badly treated. She even felt some respect

for the old woman, who knew music and drank Greek wine. Moeroe, when she came to Antioch, praised her

pupil to the rich merchants of the city who gave banquets, both as a dancer and a fluteplayer. Thais danced

and pleased. She accompanied the rich bankers, when they left the table, into the shady groves on the banks

of the Orontes. She gave herself to all, for she knew nothing of the price of love. But one night that she had

danced before the most fashionable young men of the city, the son of the proconsul came to her, radiant

"Why am I not, Thais, the wreath which crowns your hair, the tunic which enfolds your beautiful form, the

sandal on your pretty foot? I wish you to tread me under foot as a sandal; I wish my caresses to be your tunic

and your wreath. Come, sweet girl! come to my house, and let us forget the world."

She looked at him whilst he was speaking, and saw that he was handsome. Suddenly she felt a cold sweat on

her face. She turned green as grass; she reeled; a cloud descended before her eyes. He again implored her to

come with him, but she refused. His ardent looks, his burning words were vain, and when he took her in his

arms to try and drag her away, she pushed him off rudely. Then he implored her, and shed tears. But a new,

"What madness!" said the guests. "Lollius is noble, handsome, and rich, and a dancinggirl treats him with

Lollius returned home alone that night, quite lovesick. He came in the morning, pale and redeyed, and

But Thais was frightened and troubled; she avoided Lollius, and yet he was continually in her mind. She

suffered, and she did not know the cause of her complaint. She wondered why she had thus changed, and why

she was melancholy. She recoiled from all her lovers; they were hateful to her. She loathed the light of day,

and lay on her bed all day, sobbing, and with her head buried in the pillows. Lollius contrived to gain

admittance, and came many times, but neither his pleadings nor his execrations had any effect on the

obdurate girl. In his presence, she was as timid as a virgin, and would say nothing but

But at the end of a fortnight she gave in, for she knew that she loved him; she went to his house and lived

with him. They were supremely happy. They passed their days shut up together, gazing into each other's eyes,

and babbling a childish jargon. In the evening, they walked on the lonely banks of the Orontes, and lost

themselves in the laurel woods. Sometimes they rose at dawn, to go and gather hyacinths on the slopes of

Sulpicus. They drank from the same cup, and he would take a grape from between her lips with his mouth.

Moeroe came to Lollius, and cried and shrieked that Thais should be restored to her.

"She is my daughter," she said, "my daughter, who has been torn from me. My perfumed flowermy own

Lollius gave her a large sum of money, and sent her away. But, as she came back to demand some more gold

staters, the young man had her put in prison, and the magistrates having discovered that she was guilty of

Thais loved Lollius with all the passion of her mind, and the bewilderment of innocence. She told him, and

The spell lasted six months, but it broke at last. Thais suddenly felt that her heart was empty and lonely.

"What can have thus changed me in an instant? How is it that he is now like any other man, and no longer

She left him, not without a secret desire to find Lollius again in another, as she no longer found him in

himself. She thought it would be less dull to live with someone she had never loved, than with one she had

ceased to love. She appeared, in the company of rich debauchees, at those sacred feasts at which naked

virgins danced in the temples, and troops of courtesans swam across the Orontes. She took part in all the

pleasures of the fashionable and depraved city; and she assiduously frequented the theatres, at which clever

mimes from all countries performed amidst the applause of a crowd greedy for excitement.

She carefully observed the mimes, dancers, comedians, and especially the women, who in tragedies

represented goddesses in love with young men, or mortals loved by the gods. Having discovered the secrets

by which they pleased the audience, she thought to herself that she was more beautiful and could act better.

She went to the manager, and asked to be admitted into the troupe. Thanks to her beauty, and to the lessons

she had received from old Moeroe, she was received, and appeared on the stage in the part of Dirce.

She met with but indifferent success, for she was inexperienced, and the admiration of the spectators had not

been aroused by hearing her praises sung. But after she had played small parts for a few months, the power of

her beauty burst forth with such effect that all the city was moved. All Antioch crowded to the theatre. The

imperial magistrates and the chief citizens were compelled, by the force of public opinion, to show

themselves there. The porters, sweepers, and dock labourers went without bread and garlic, that they might

pay for their places. Poets composed epigrams in her honour. Bearded philosophers inveighed against her in

the baths and gymnasia; when her litter passed, Christian priests turned away their heads. The threshold of

her door was wreathed with flowers, and sprinkled with blood. She received so much money from her lovers

that it was no longer counted, but measured by the medimnus, and all the treasure hoarded by miserly old

men was poured out at her feet. But she was placid and unmoved. She rejoiced, with quiet pride, in the

admiration of the public and the favour of the gods, and was so much loved that she loved herself.

After she had several years enjoyed the admiration and affection of the Antiochians, she was taken with a

desire to revisit Alexandria, and show her glory in that city in which, as a child, she had wandered in want

and shame, hungry and lean as a grasshopper in the middle of a dusty road. The golden city joyfully

welcomed her, and loaded her with fresh riches; when she appeared in the games it was a triumph. Countless

admirers and lovers came to her. She received them with indifference, for she at last despaired of meeting

Amongst many others, she met the philosopher Nicias, who desired to possess her, although he professed to

have no desires. In spite of his riches, he was intelligent and modest. But his delicate wit and beautiful

sentiments failed to charm her. She did not love him and sometimes his refined irony even irritated her. His

perpetual doubts hurt her, for he believed in nothing, and she believed in everything. She believed in divine

providence, in the omnipotence of evil spirits, in spells, exorcisms, and eternal justice; she believed in Jesus

Christ, and in the goddess of good of the Syrians; she believed also that bitches barked when black Hecate

passed through the streets, and that a woman could inspire love by pouring a philtre into a cup wrapped in the

bleeding skin of a sheep. She thirsted for the unknown; she called on nameless gods, and lived in perpetual

expectation. The future frightened her, and yet she wished to know it. She surrounded herself with priests of

Isis, Chaldean magi, pharmacopolists, and professors of the black arts, who invariably deceived her, though

she never tired of being deceived. She feared death, and she saw it everywhere. When she yielded to pleasure,

it seemed to her that an icy finger would suddenly touch her on the bare shoulder, and she turned pale, and

"What does it matter, O my Thais, whether we descend to eternal night with white locks and hollow cheeks,

or, whether this very day, now laughing to the vast sky, shall be our last? Let us enjoy life; we shall have

greatly lived if we have greatly loved. There is no knowledge except that of the senses; to love is to

understand. That which we do not know does not exist. What good is it to worry ourselves about nothing?"

"I despise men like you, who hope for nothing and fear nothing. I wish to know! I wish to know!"

In order to understand the secret of life, she set to work to read the books of the philosophers, but she did not

understand them. The further the years of her childhood receded from her, the more anxious she was to recall

them. She loved to traverse at night, in disguise, the alleys, squares, and places where she had grown up so

miserably. She was sorry she had lost her parents, and especially that she had not been able to love them.

When she met any Christian priest, she thought of her baptism, and felt troubled. One night, when enveloped

in a long cloak, and her fair hair hidden under a black hood, she was wandering, according to custom, about

the suburbs of the city, she found herselfwithout knowing how she came therebefore the poor little

church of St. John the Baptist. They were singing inside the church, and a bright light glimmered through the

chinks of the door. There was nothing strange in that, as, for the past twenty years, the Christians, protected

by the conqueror of Maxentius, had publicly solemnised their festivals. But these hymns seemed more like an

ardent appeal to the soul. As if she had been invited to the mysteries, she pushed the door open with her arm,

and entered the building. She found a numerous assembly of women, children, and old men, on their knees

before a tomb, which stood against the wall. The tomb was nothing but a stone coffer, roughly sculptured

with vine tendrils and bunches of grapes; yet it had received great honours, and was covered with green

palms and wreaths of red roses. All round, innumerable lights gleamed out of the heavy shadow, in which the

smoke of Arabian gums seemed like the folds of angels' robes, and the paintings on the walls visions of

Paradise. Priests, clad in white, were prostrate at the foot of the sarcophagus. The hymns they sang with the

people expressed the delight of suffering, and mingled, in a triumphal mourning, so much joy with so much

grief, that Thais, in listening to them, felt the pleasures of life and the terrors of death flowing, at the same

When they had finished singing, the believers rose, and walked in single file to the tomb, the side of which

they kissed. They were common men, accustomed to work with their hands. They advanced with a heavy

step, the eyes fixed, the jaw dropped, but they had an air of sincerity. They knelt down, each in turn, before

the sarcophagus, and put their lips to it. The women lifted their little children in their arms, and gently placed

"Do you not know, woman," replied the deacon, "that we celebrate today the blessed memory of St.

Theodore the Nubian, who suffered for the faith in the days of the Emperor Diocletian? He lived virtuously

and died a martyr, and that is why, robed in white, we bear red roses to his glorious tomb."

On hearing these words, Thais fell on her knees, and burst into tears. Halfforgotten recollections of Ahmes

returned to her mind. On the memory of this obscure, gentle, and unfortunate man, the blaze of candles, the

perfume of roses, the clouds of incense, the music of hymns, the piety of souls, threw all the charms of glory.

"He was good, and now he has become great and glorious. Why is it that he is elevated above other men?

She rose slowly, and turned towards the tomb of the saint who had loved her, those violet eyes, now filled

with tears which glittered in the candlelight; then, with bowed head, humble, slow, and the last, with those

When she returned to her house, she found Nicias, who, with his hair perfumed, and his tunic thrown open,

was reading a treatise on morals whilst waiting for her. He advanced with open arms.

"Naughty Thais," he said, in a laughing voice, "whilst I was waiting for you to come, do you know what I

saw in this manuscript, written by the gravest of Stoics? Precepts of virtue and noble maxims: No! On the

staid papyrus, I saw dance thousands and thousands of little Thaises. Each was no bigger than my finger, and

yet their grace was infinite, and all were the only Thais. There were some who flaunted in mantles of purple

and gold; others, like a white cloud, floated in the air in transparent drapery. Others again, motionless and

divinely nude, the better to inspire pleasure, expressed no thought. Lastly, there were two, hand in hand; two

so alike that it was impossible to distinguish one from the other. Both smiled. The first said, 'I am love.' The

Thus speaking, he pressed Thais in his arms, and not noticing the sullen look in her downcast eyes, he went

on adding thought to thought, heedless of the fact that they were all lost upon her.

"Yes, when I had before my eyes the line in which it was written, 'Nothing should deter you from improving

your mind,' I read, 'The kisses of Thais are warmer than fire, and sweeter than honey.' That is how a

philosopher reads the books of other philosophersand that is your fault, you naughty child. It is true that, as

long as we are what we are, we shall never find anything but our own thoughts in the thoughts of others, and

She did not hear him; her soul was still before the Nubian's tomb. As he heard her sigh, he kissed her on the

"Do not be sad, my child. We are never happy in this world, except when we forget the world.

"We love!" she cried bitterly. "You never loved any one. And I do not love you! No! I do not love you! I hate

you! Go! I hate you! I curse and despise all who are happy, and all who are rich! Go! Go! Goodness is only

found amongst the unfortunate. When I was a child I knew a black slave who died on the cross. He was good;

he was filled with love, and he knew the secret of life. You are not worthy to wash his feet. Go! I never wish

She threw herself on her face on the carpet, and passed the night sobbing and weeping, and forming

The next day, she devoted herself again to those pleasures to which she was addicted. As she knew that her

beauty, though still intact, would not last very long, she hastened to derive all the enjoyment and all the fame

she could from it. At the theatre, where she acted and studied more than ever, she gave life to the imagination

of sculptors, painters, and poets. Recognising that there was in the attitudes, movements, and walk of the

actress, an idea of the divine harmony which rules the spheres, wise men and philosophers considered that

such perfect grace was a virtue in itself, and said, "Thais also is a geometrician!" The ignorant, the poor, the

humble, and the timid before whom she consented to appear, regarded her as a blessing from heaven. Yet she

was sad amidst all the praise she received, and dreaded death more than ever. Nothing was able to set her

mind at rest, not even her house and gardens, which were celebrated, and a proverb throughout the city.

The gardens were planted with trees, brought at great expense from India and Persia. They were watered by a

running brook, and colonnades in ruins, and imitation rocks, arranged by a skilful artist, were reflected in a

lake, which also mirrored the statues that stood round it. In the middle of the garden was the Grotto of

Nymphs, which owed its name to three lifesize figures of women, which stood on the threshold. They were

represented as divesting themselves of their garments, and about to bathe. They anxiously turned their heads,

fearing to be seen, and looked as though they were alive. The only light which entered the building came,

tempered and iridescent, through thin sheets of water. All the walls were hungas in the sacred

grottoeswith wreaths, garlands, and votive pictures, in which the beauty of Thais was celebrated. There

were also tragic and comic masks, bright with colours; and paintings representing theatrical scenes or

grotesque figures, or fabulous animals. On a stele in the centre stood a little ivory Eros of wonderful antique

workmanship. It was a gift from Nicias. In one of the bays was a figure of a goat in black marble, with

shining agate eyes. Six alabaster kids crowded round its teats; but, raising its cloven hoofs and its ugly head,

it seemed impatient to climb the rocks. The floor was covered with Byzantine carpets, pillows embroidered

by the yellow men of Cathay, and the skins of Libyan lions. Perfumed smoke arose from golden censers.

Flowering plants grew in large onyx vases. And at the far end, in the purple shadow, gleamed the gold nails

on the shell of a huge Indian tortoise turned upside down, which served as the bed of the actress. It was here

that every day, to the murmur of the water, and amid perfumes and flowers, Thais reclined softly, and

conversed with her friends, while awaiting the hour of supper, or meditated in solitude on theatrical art, or on

On the afternoon after the games, Thais was reposing in the Grotto of Nymphs. She had noticed in her mirror

the first signs of the decay of her beauty, and she was frightened to think that white hair and wrinkles would

at last come. She vainly tried to comfort herself with the assurance that she could recover her fresh

complexion by burning certain herbs and pronouncing a few magic words. A pitiless voice cried, "You will

grow old Thais; you will grow old." And a cold sweat of terror bedewed her forehead. Then, on looking at

herself again in the mirror with infinite tenderness, she found that she was still beautiful and worthy to be

loved. She smiled to herself, and murmured, "There is not a woman in Alexandria who can rival me in

suppleness or grace or movement, or in splendour of arms, and the arms, my mirror, are the real chains of

While she was thus thinking she saw an unknown manthin, with burning eyes and unkempt beard, and clad

in a richly embroidered robe standing before her. She let fall her mirror, and uttered a cry of fright.

Paphnutius stood motionless, and seeing how beautiful she was, he murmured this prayer from the bottom of

"Grant, my God, that the face of this woman may not be a temptation, but may prove salutary to Thy

"Thais, I live in a far country, and the fame of thy beauty has led me to thee. It is said that thou art the most

clever of actresses and the most irresistible of women. That which is related of thy riches and thy love affairs

seems fabulous, and calls to mind the old story of Rhodope, whose marvellous history is known by heart to

all the boatmen on the Nile. Therefore I was seized with a desire to know thee, and I see that the truth

surpasses the rumour. Thou art a thousand times more clever and more beautiful than is reported. And now

that I see thee, I say to myself, 'It is impossible to approach her without staggering like a drunken man.' "

The words were feigned; but the monk, animated by pious zeal, uttered them with real warmth. Thais gazed,

without displeasure, at this strange being who had frightened her. The rough, wild aspect, and the fiery

glances of his eyes, astonished her. She was curious to learn the state of life of a man so different from all

"You seem prompt to admire, stranger. Beware that my looks do not consume you to the bones! Beware of

"I love thee, O Thais! I love thee more than my life, and more than myself. For thee I have quitted the desert;

for thee my lipsvowed to silencehave pronounced profane words; for thee I have seen what I ought not

to have seen, and heard what it was forbidden to me to hear; for thee my soul is troubled, my heart is open,

and the thoughts gush out like the running springs at which the pigeons drink; for thee I have walked day and

night across sandy deserts teeming with reptiles and vampires; for thee I have placed my bare foot on vipers

and scorpions! Yes, I love thee! I love thee, but not like those men who, burning with the lusts of the flesh,

come to thee like devouring wolves or furious bulls. Thou art dear to them as is the gazelle to the lion. Their

ravening lusts will consume thee to the soul, O woman! I love thee in spirit and in truth; I love thee in God,

and for ever and ever; that which is in my breast is named true zeal and divine charity. I promise thee better

things than drunkenness crowned with flowers or the dreams of a brief night. I promise thee holy feasts and

celestial suppers. The happiness that I bring thee will never end; it is unheardof, it is ineffable, and such that

if the happy of this world could only see a shadow of it they would die of wonder."

"Friend," she said, "show me this wonderful love. Make haste! Long speeches would be an insult to my

beauty; let us not lose a moment. I am impatient to taste the felicity you announce; but, to say the truth, I fear

that I shall always remain ignorant of it, and that all you have promised me will vanish in words. It is easier

to promise a great happiness than to give it. Everyone has a talent of some sort. I fancy that yours is to make

long speeches. You speak of an unknown love. It is so long since kisses were first exchanged that it would be

very extraordinary if there still remained secrets in love. On this subject lovers know more than

"The love that I bring thee abounds with glory, whilst the loves that thou knowest breed only shame."

"You are very bold, stranger, to offend your hostess. Look at me, and say if I resemble a creature crushed

down with shame. No, I am not ashamed, and all others who live like me are not ashamed either, although

they are not so beautiful or so rich as I am. I have sown pleasure in my footsteps, and I am celebrated for that

all over the world. I am more powerful than the masters of the world. I have seen them at my feet. Look at

me, look at these little feet; thousands of men would pay with their blood for the happiness of kissing them. I

am not very big, and I do not occupy much space on the earth. To those who look at me from the top of the

Serapeium, when I pass in the street, I look like a grain of rice; but that grain of rice has caused among men,

griefs, despairs, hates, and crimes enough to have filled Tartarus. Are you not mad to talk to me of shame

"That which is glory in the eyes of men, is infamy before God. O woman, we have been nourished in

countries so different, that it is not surprising we have neither the same language nor the same thoughts! Yet

Heaven is my witness that I wish to agree with thee, and that it is my intention not to leave thee until we

share the same sentiments. Who will inspire me with burning words that will melt thee like wax in my breath,

O woman, that the fingers of my desires may mould thee as they wish? What virtue will deliver thee to me, O

dearest of souls, that the spirit which animates me, creating thee a second time, may imprint on thee a fresh

beauty, and that thou mayest cry, weeping for joy, 'It is only now that I am born'? Who will cause to gush in

my heart a fount of Siloam, in which thou mayest bathe and recover thy first purity? Who will change me into

"This man," she thought, "talks of life eternal and all that he says seems written on a talisman. No doubt he is

a mage, and knows secret charms against old age and death," and she resolved to offer herself to him.

Therefore, pretending to be afraid of him, she retired a few steps to the end of the grotto, and sitting down on

the edge of the bed, artfully pulled her tunic across her breast; then, motionless and mute and her eyes cast

down, she waited. Her long eyelashes made a soft shadow on her cheeks. Her entire attitude expressed

modesty; her naked feet swung gently, and she looked like a child sitting thinking on the bank of a brook. But

Paphnutius looked at her, and did not move. His trembling knees hardly supported him, his tongue dried in

his mouth, a terrible buzzing rang in his ears. But all at once his sight failed, and he could see nothing before

him but a thick cloud. He thought that the hand of Jesus had been laid on his eyes, to hide this woman from

them. Reassured by such succour, strengthened and fortified, he said with a gravity worthy of an old hermit

"God? Who forces Him to keep His eye always upon the Grotto of Nymphs? Let Him go away if we offend

Him! But why should we offend Him? Since He has created us, He can be neither angry nor surprised to see

us as He made us, and acting according to the nature He has given us. A good deal too much is said on His

behalf, and He is often credited with ideas He never had. You yourself, stranger, do you know His true

At this question the monk, opening his borrowed robe, showed the cassock, and said

"I am Paphnutius, Abbot of Antinoe, and I come from the holy desert. The hand that drew Abraham from

Chaldaea and Lot from Sodom has separated me from the present age. I no longer existed for the men of this

century. But thy image appeared to me in my sandy Jerusalem, and I knew that thou wert full of corruption,

and death was in thee. And now I am before thee, woman, as before a grave, and I cry unto thee, 'Thais,

At the words, Paphnutius, monk, and abbot, she had turned pale with fright. And now, with dishevelled hair

and joined hands, weeping and groaning, she dragged herself to the feet of the saint.

"Do not hurt me! Why have you come? What do you want of me? Do not hurt me! I know that the saints of

the desert hate women who, like me, are made to please. I am afraid that you hate me, and want to hurt me.

Go! I do not doubt your power. But know, Paphnutius, that you should neither despise me nor hate me. I have

never, like many of the men I know, laughed at your voluntary poverty. In your turn, do not make a crime of

my riches. I am beautiful, and clever in acting. I no more chose my condition than my nature. I was made for

that which I do. I was born to charm men. And you yourself, did you not say just now that you loved me? Do

not use your science against me. Do not pronounce magic words which would destroy my beauty, or change

me into a statue of salt. Do not terrify me! I am already too frightened. Do not kill me! I am so afraid of

"Child, have no fear. I will utter no word of shame or scorn. I come on behalf of Him who sat on the edge of

the well, and drank of the pitcher which the woman of Samaria offered to Him; and who, also, when He

supped at the house of Simon, received the perfumes of Mary. I am not without sin that I should throw the

first stone. I have often badly employed the abundant grace which God has bestowed upon me. It was not

anger, but pity, which took me by the hand to conduct me here. I can, without deceit, address thee in words of

love, for it is the zeal in my heart which has brought me to thee. I burn with the fire of charity, and if thy

eyes, accustomed only to the gross sights of the flesh, could see things in their mystic aspect, I should appear

unto thee as a branch broken off the burning bush which the Lord showed on the mountain to Moses of old,

that he might understand true lovethat which envelops us, and which, so far from leaving behind it mere

"I believe you, monk, and no longer fear either deceit or illwill from you. I have often heard talk of the

hermits of the Thebaid. Marvellous things have been told concerning Anthony and Paul. Your name is not

unknown to me, and I have heard say that, though you are still young, you equal in virtue the oldest

anchorites. As soon as I saw you, and without knowing who you were, I felt that you were no ordinary man.

Tell me! can you do for me that which neither the priests of Isis, nor of Hermes, nor of the celestial Juno, nor

the Chaldean soothsayers, nor the Babylonian magi have been able to effect? Monk, if you love me, can you

"Woman, whosoever wishes to live shall live. Flee from the abominable delights in which thou diest for ever.

Snatch from the devils, who will burn it most horribly, that body which God kneaded with His spittle and

animated with his own breath. Thou art consumed with weariness; come, and refresh thyself at the blessed

springs of solitude; come and drink of those fountains which are hidden in the desert, and which gush forth to

heaven. Careworn soul, come, and possess that which thou desirest! Heart greedy for joy, come and taste true

joyspoverty, retirement, selfforgetfulness, seclusion in the bosom of God. Enemy of Christ now, and

tomorrow His wellbeloved, come to Him! Come, thou whom I have sought, and thou wilt say, 'I have

"Monk," she asked, "if I adjure all pleasures and do penance, is it true that I shall be born again in heaven, my

"Thais, I bring thee eternal life. Believe me, for that which I announce to thee is the truth."

"David and the prophets, the Scriptures, and the wonders that thou shalt behold."

"Monk, I should like to believe you, for I must confess that I have not found happiness in this world. My lot

in life is better than that of a queen, and yet I have many bitternesses and misfortunes, and I am infinitely

weary of my existence. All women envy me, and yet sometimes I have envied the lot of a toothless old

woman who, when I was a child, sold honeycakes under one of the city gates. Often has the idea flashed

across my mind that only the poor are good, happy, and blessed, and that there must be great gladness in

living humble and obscure. Monk, you have agitated a storm in my soul, and brought to the surface that

which lay at the bottom. Who am I to believe, alas! and what is to become of meand what is life?"

Whilst she thus spoke, Paphnutius was transfigured; celestial joy beamed in his face.

"Listen!" he said. "I was not alone when I entered this house. Another accompanied me, another who stands

by my side. Him thou canst not see, because thy eyes are yet unworthy to behold Him; but soon thou shalt see

Him in all His glorious splendour, and thou wilt say, 'He alone is to be adored.' But now, if He had not placed

His gentle hands before my eyes, O Thais, I should perhaps have fallen into sin with thee, for of myself I am

but weak and sinful. But He saved us both. He is as good as He is powerful, and His name is the Saviour. He

was promised to the world, by David and the prophets, worshipped in His cradle by the shepherds and the

magi, crucified by the Pharisees, buried by the holy women, revealed to the world by the apostles, testified to

by the martyrs. And now, having learned that thou fearest death, O woman, He has come to thy house to

prevent thee from dying. Art Thou not here present with me, Jesus, at this moment, as Thou didst appear to

the men of Galilee, in those wonderful days when the stars, which came down with thee from heaven, were

so near the earth that the holy innocents could take them in their hands, when they played in their mothers'

arms on the terraces of Bethlehem? Is it not true, Jesus, that Thou art here present, and that Thou showest me

in reality Thy precious body? Is not Thy face here, and that tear which flows down Thy cheek a real tear?

Yes, the angel of eternal justice shall receive it, and it shall be the ransom of the soul of Thais. Art Thou not

here, Jesus? Jesus, Thy loving lips open. Thou canst speak; speak, I hear Thee! And thee, Thais, happy Thais!

listen to what the Saviour Himself says to thee; it is He who speaks, not I. He says, 'I have sought thee long,

O My lost sheep! I have found thee at last! Fly from Me no more. Let Me take thee by the hands, poor little

one, and I will bear thee on My shoulders to the heavenly fold. Come, My Thais! come, My chosen one!

And Paphnutius fell on his knees, his eyes filled with ecstasy. And then Thais saw in his face the likeness of

"O vanished days of my childhood!" she sobbed. "O sweet father Ahmes! good Saint Theodore, why did I not

die in thy white mantle whilst thou didst bear me, in the first dawn of day, yet fresh from the waters of

"Thou art baptised! O divine wisdom! O Providence! O great God! I know now the power which drew me to

thee. I know what rendered thee so dear and so beautiful in my eyes. It was the virtue of the baptismal water,

which made me leave the shadow of God, where I lived, to seek thee in the poisoned air where men dwell. A

dropa drop, no doubt, of the water which washed thy bodyhas been sprinkled in my face. Come, O my

Then he was silent, letting God speak, and nothing was heard in the Grotto of Nymphs but the sobs of Thais,

She wept without trying to stop her tears, when two black slaves appeared, loaded with stuffs, perfumes, and

"It was hardly the right time to weep," she said, trying to smile. "Tears redden the eyes and spoil the

complexion, and I must sup tonight with some friends, and want to be beautiful, for there will be women

there quick to spy out marks of care on my face. These slaves come to dress me. Withdraw, my father, and

allow them to do their work. They are clever and experienced, and I pay them well for their services. You see

that one who wears thick rings of gold, and shows such white teeth. I took her from the wife of the

Paphnutius had at first a thought of dissuading Thais, as earnestly as he could, from going to this supper. But

She replied that there would be the host, old Cotta, the Prefect of the Fleet, Nicias, and several other

philosophers who loved an argument, the poet Callicrates, the high priest of Serapis, some young men whose

chief amusement was training horses, and lastly some women, of whom there was little to be said except that

"Go amongst them, Thais," said the monk. "Go! But I will not leave thee. I will go with thee to this banquet,

She burst out laughing. And whilst her two black slaves were busy dressing her, she cried

"What will they say when they see that I have a monk of the Thebaid for my lover?"

When, followed by Paphnutius, Thais entered the banquetingroom, the guests were already, for the most

part, assembled, and reclining on their couches before the horseshoe table, which was covered with glittering

vessels. In the centre of the table stood a silver basin, surmounted by four figures of satyrs, who poured out

from wineskins on the boiled fish a kind of pickle in which they floated. When Thais appeared,

She waited impatiently till this torrent of praise had passed, and then said to Cotta, the host

"Lucius, I have brought you a monk of the desert, Paphnutius, the Abbot of Antinoe. He is a great saint,

"You are welcome, Paphnutius, you who profess the Christian faith. I myself have some respect of a religion

that has now become imperial. The divine Constantine has placed your coreligionists in the front rank of the

friends of the empire. Latin wisdom ought, in fact, to admit your Christ into our pantheon. It was a maxim of

our forefathers that there was something divine in every god. But no more of that. Let us drink and enjoy

Old Cotta spoke tranquilly. He had just studied a new model for a galley, and had finished the sixth book of

his history of the Carthaginians. He felt sure he had not lost his day, and was satisfied with himself and the

"Paphnutius," he added, "you see here several men who are worthy to be lovedHermodorus, the High

Priest of Serapis; the philosophers Dorion, Nicias, and Zenothemis; the poet Callicrates; young Chereas and

young Aristobulus, both sons of dear old comrades; and near them Philina and Drosea, who deserve to be

"I warned you, brother, that Venus was powerful. It is her gentle force that has brought you here in spite of

yourself. Listen: you are a man full of piety, but if you do not confess that she is the mother of the gods, your

ruin is certain. Do you know that the old mathematician, Melanthes, used to say, 'I cannot demonstrate the

Dorion, who had for some seconds been looking at the newcomer, suddenly clapped his hands and uttered a

"It is he, friends! His look, his beard, his tunicit is he himself! I met him at the theatre whilst our Thais was

acting. He was furiously excited, and spoke with violence, as I can testify. He is an honest man, but he will

abuse us all; his eloquence is terrible. If Marcus is the Plato of the Christians, Paphnutius is the Demosthenes.

Philina and Drosea, however, devoured Thais with their eyes. She wore on her fair hair a wreath of pale

violets, each flower of which recalled, in a paler hue, the colour of her eyes, so that the flowers looked like

softened glances, and the eyes like sparkling flowers. It was the peculiar gift of this woman; on her

everything lived, and was soul and harmony. Her robe, which was of mauve spangled with silver, trailed in

long folds with a grace that was almost melancholy and was not relieved by either bracelets or necklaces. The

chief charm of her appearance was her beautiful bare arms. The two friends were obliged to admire, in spite

of themselves the robe and headdress of Thais, though they said nothing to her on the subject.

"How beautiful you are!" said Philina. "You could not have been more so when you came to Alexandria. Yet

my mother, who remembers seeing you then, says there were few women who were worthy to be compared

"Who is the new lover you have brought?" asked Drosea. "He has a strange, wild appearance. If there are

shepherds of elephants, assuredly he must resemble one. Where did you find such a wildlooking friend,

Thais? Was it amongst the troglodytes who live under the earth, and are grimy with the smoke of Hades?"

"Hush! the mysteries of love must remain secret, and it is forbidden to know them. For my own part,

certainly, I would rather be kissed by the mouth of smoking Etna than by the lips of that man. But our dear

Thais, who is beautiful and adorable as the goddesses, should, like the goddesses, grant all requests, and not,

"Take care, both of you!" replied Thais. "He is a mage and an enchanter. He hears words that are whispered,

and even thoughts. He will tear out your heart while you are asleep, and put a sponge in its place, and the next

She watched them grow pale, then she turned away from them, and sat on a couch by the side of Paphnutius.

The voice of Cotta, kind but imperious, was suddenly heard above the murmur of conversation.

"Let us first drink to the divine Constantine and the genius of the empire. The country should be put first of

All the guests raised their full cups to their lips. Paphnutius alone did not drink, because Constantine had

persecuted the Nicaean faith, and because the country of the Christian is not of this world.

"What is one's country? A flowing river. The shores change, and the waves are incessantly renewed."

"I know, Dorion," replied the Prefect of the Fleet, "that you care little for the civic virtues, and you think that

the sage ought to hold himself aloof from all affairs. I think, on the contrary, that an honest man should desire

nothing better than to fill a responsible post in the State. The State is a noble thing."

"Dorion has asked, 'What is one's country?' I will reply that the altars of the gods and the tombs of ancestors

make one's country. A man is a fellowcitizen by association of memories and hopes."

"By Castor! I saw a splendid horse today. It belonged to Demophoon. It has a fine head, small jaw, and

"It is not such a good horse as you say, Aristobulus. Its hoofs are thin, and the pasterns are too low; the

"Oh! I nearly swallowed a fishbone, as long and much sharper than a style. Luckily, I was able to get it out

"Did you say, Drosea, that the gods loved you?" asked Nicias, smiling. "Then they must share the same

infirmities as men. Love presupposes unhappiness on the part of whoever suffers from it, and is a proof of

weakness. The affection they feel for Drosea is a great proof of the imperfection of the gods."

"Nicias, your remarks are foolish and not to the point. But that is your characteryou never understand what

"Talk away, talk away, Drosea. Whatever you say, we are glad every time you open your mouth. Your teeth

At that moment, a gravelooking old man, negligently dressed, walking slowly, with his head high, entered

the room, and gazed at the guests quietly. Cotta made a sign to him to take a place by his side, on the same

"Eucrites," he said, "you are welcome. Have you composed a new treatise on philosophy this month? That

would make, if I calculate correctly, the ninetysecond that has proceeded from the Nile reed you direct with

"The nightingale was created to sing, and I was created to praise the immortal gods."

DORION. Let us respectfully salute, in Eucrites, the last of the stoics. Grave and white, he stands in the midst

of us like the image of an ancestor. He is solitary amidst a crowd of men, and the words he utters are not

EUCRITES. You deceive yourself, Dorion. The philosophy of virtue is not dead. I have numerous disciples

in Alexandria, Rome, and Constantinople. Many of the slaves, and some of the nephews of Caesar, now

know how to govern themselves, to live independently, and being unconcerned with all affairs, they enjoy

boundless happiness. Many of them have revived, in their own person, Epictetus and Marcus Aurelius. But if

it were true that virtue were for ever extinguished upon the earth, in what way would the loss of it affect my

happiness, since it did not depend on me whether it existed or perished? Only fools, Dorion, place their

happiness out of their own power. I desire nothing that the gods do not wish, and I desire all that they do

wish. By that means I render myself like unto them, and share their infallible content. If virtue perishes, I

consent that it should perish, and that consent fills me with joy, as the supreme effort of my reason or my

courage. In all things my wisdom will copy the divine wisdom, and the copy will be more valuable than the

NICIAS. I understand. You put yourself on the same level as divine providence. But if virtue consists only in

effort, Eucrites, and in that intense application by which the disciples of Zeno pretend to render themselves

equal to the gods, the frog, which swelled itself out to try and become as big as the ox, accomplished a

EUCRITES. You jest, Nicias, and, as usual, you excel in ridicule. But if the ox of which you speak is really a

god, like Apis, or like that subterranean ox whose high priest I see here, and if the frog, being wisely inspired,

succeed in equalling it, would it not be, in fact, more virtuous than the ox, and could you refrain from

Four servants placed on the table a wild pig, still covered with its bristles. Little pigs, made of pastry,

"Friends, a guest has come hither to join us. The illustrious Paphnutius, who leads such an extraordinary life

COTTA. You may even add, Zenothemis, that the place of honour is due to him, because he came without

ZENOTHEMIS. Therefore, we ought, my dear Lucius, to make him the more welcome, and strive to do that

which would be most agreeable to him. Now it is certain that such a man cares less for the perfumes of meat

than for the perfumes of fine thoughts. We shall, doubtless, please him by discussing the doctrine he

professes, which is that of Jesus crucified. For my own part, I shall the more willingly discuss this doctrine,

because it keenly interests me, on account of the number and the diversity of the allegories it contains. If one

may guess at the spirit by the letter, it is filled with truths, and I consider that the Christian books abound in

divine revelations. But I should not, Paphnutius, grant equal merit to the Jewish books. They were inspired

not, as it was said, by the Spirit of God, but by an evil genius. Iaveh, who dictated them, was one of those

spirits who people the lower air, and cause the greater part of the evils, from which we suffer; but he

surpassed all the others in ignorance and ferocity. On the contrary, the serpent with golden wings, which

twined its azure coils round the tree of knowledge, was made up of light and love. A combat between these

two powersthe one of light and the other of darknesswas, therefore, inevitable. It occurred soon after the

creation of the world. God had hardly begun to rest after His labors; Adam and Eve, the first man and the first

woman, lived happy and naked in the Garden of Eden, when Iaveh conceivedto their misfortunethe

design of governing them and all the generations which Eve already bore in her splendid loins. As he

possessed neither the compass nor the lyre, and was equally ignorant of the science which commands and the

art which persuades, he frightened these two poor children by hideous apparitions, capricious threats, and

thunderbolts. Adam and Eve, feeling his shadow upon them, pressed closer to one another, and their love

waxed stronger in fear. The serpent took pity on them, and determined to instruct them, in order that,

possessing knowledge, they might no longer be misled by lies. Such an undertaking required extreme

prudence, and the frailty of the first human couple rendered it almost hopeless. The wellintentioned demon

essayed it, however. Without the knowledge of Iavehwho pretended to see everything, but, in reality, was

not very sharpsightedhe approached these two beings, and charmed their eyes by the splendour of his

coat and the brilliancy of his wings. Then he interested their minds by forming before them, with his body,

definite figures, such as the circle, the ellipse, and the spiral, the wonderful properties of which have since

been recognised by the Greeks. Adam meditated on these figures more than Eve did. But when the serpent

began to speak, and taught the most sublime truthsthose which cannot be demonstratedhe found that

Adam being made of red earth, was of too dull a nature to understand these subtle distinctions, but that Eve,

on the contrary, being more tender and more sensitive, was easily impressed. Therefore he conversed with her

DORION. Permit me, Zenothemis, to interrupt you. I speedily recognised in the myth you have explained to

us an episode in the war of Pallas Athene against the giants. Iaveh much resembles Typhoon, and Pallas is

represented by the Athenians with a serpent at her side. But what you have said causes me considerable doubt

as to the intelligence or good faith of the serpent of whom you have spoken. If he had really possessed

knowledge, would he have entrusted it to a woman's little head, which was incapable of containing it? I

should rather consider that he was like Iaveh, ignorant and a liar, and that he chose Eve because she was

easily seduced, and he imagined that Adam would have more intelligence and perception.

ZENOTHEMIS. Learn, Dorion, that it is not by perception and intelligence, but by sensibility, that the

highest and purest truths are reached. That is why women, who, generally, are less reflective but more

sensitive than men, rise more easily to the knowledge of things divine. In them is the gift of prophecy, and it

is not without reason that Apollo Citharedes, and Jesus of Nazareth, are sometimes represented clad, like

women, in flowing robes. The initiator was therefore wisewhatever you may say to the contrary,

Dorionin bestowing light, not on the duller Adam, but on Eve, who was whiter than milk or the stars. She

freely listened to him, and allowed herself to be led to the tree of knowledge, the branches of which rose to

heaven, and which was bathed with the divine spirit as with a dew. This tree was covered with leaves which

spoke all the languages of future races of men, and their united voices formed a perfect harmony. Its

abundant fruit gave to the initiated who tasted it the knowledge of metals, stones, and plants, and also of

physical and moral laws; but this fruit was like fire, and those who feared suffering and death did not dare to

put it to their lips. Now, as she had listened attentively to the lessons of the serpent, Eve despised these empty

terrors, and wished to taste the fruit which gave the knowledge of God. But, as she loved Adam, and did not

wish him to be inferior to her, she took him by the hand and led him to the wonderful tree. Then she picked

one of the burning apples, bit it, and proffered it to her companion. Unfortunately, Iaveh, who was by chance

walking in the garden, surprised them, and seeing that they had become wise, he fell into a most

ungovernable rage. It is in his jealous fits that he is most to be feared. Assembling all his forces, he created

such a turmoil in the lower air that these two weak beings were terrified. The fruit fell from the man's hand,

and the woman, clinging to the neck of her luckless husband, said, "I too will be ignorant and suffer with

him." The triumphant Iaveh kept Adam and Eve and all their seed in a condition of hebetude and terror. His

art, which consisted only in being able to make huge meteors, triumphed over the science of the serpent, who

was a musician and geometrician. He made men unjust, ignorant, and cruel, and caused evil to reign in the

earth. He persecuted Cain and his sons because they were skilful workmen; he exterminated the Philistines

because they composed Orphic poems, and fables like those of AEsop. He was the implacable enemy of

science and beauty, and for long ages the human race expiated, in blood and tears, the defeat of the winged

serpent. Fortunately, there arose among the Greeks learned men, such as Pythagoras, and Plato, who

recovered by the force of genius, the figures and the ideas which the enemy of Iaveh had vainly tried to teach

the first woman. The soul of the serpent was in them; and that is why the serpent, as Dorion has said, is

honoured by the Athenians. Finally, in these latter days, there appeared, under human form, three celestial

spiritsJesus of Galilee, Basilides, and Valentinusto whom it was given to pluck the finest fruits of that

tree of knowledge, whose roots pass through all the earth, and whose top reaches to the highest heaven. I

have said all this in vindication of the Christians, to whom the errors of the Jews are too often imputed.

DORION. If I understood you aright, Zenothemis, you said that three wonderful menJesus, Basilides, and

Valentinushad discovered secrets which had remained hidden from Pythagoras and Plato, and all the

philosophers of Greece, and even from the divine Epicurus, who, however, has freed men from the dread of

empty terrors. You would greatly oblige me by telling me by what means these three mortals acquired

ZENOTHEMIS. Must I repeat to you, Dorion, that science and cogitation are but the first steps to knowledge,

HERMODORUS. It is true, Zenothemis, that the soul is nourished on ecstasy, as the cicada is nourished on

dew. But we may even say more: the mind alone is capable of perfect rapture. For man is of a threefold

nature, composed of material body, of a soul which is more subtle, but also material, and of an incorruptible

mind. When, emerging from the body as from a palace suddenly given over to silence and solitude and flying

through the gardens of the soul, the mind diffuses itself in God, it tastes the delights of an anticipated death,

or rather of a future life, for to die is to live; and in that condition, partaking of divine purity, it possesses both

infinite joy and complete knowledge. It enters into the unity which is All. It is perfected.

NICIAS. That is very fine; but, to say the truth, Hermodorus, I do not see much difference between All and

Nothing. Words even seem to fail to make the distinction. Infinity is terribly like nothingnessthey are both

inconceivable to the mind. In my opinion perfection costs too dear; we pay for it with all our being, and to

possess it must cease to exist. That is a calamity from which God Himself is not free, for the philosophers are

doing their best to perfect Him. After all, if we do not know what it is not to be, we are equally ignorant what

it is to be. We know nothing. It is said that it is impossible for men to agree on this question. I believein

spite of our noisy disputes that it is, on the contrary, impossible for men not to become some day all at

unity buried under the mass of contradictions, a Pelion on Ossa, which they themselves have raised.

COTTA. I am very fond of philosophy, and study it in my leisure time. But I never understand it well, except

CALLICRATES. It is a singular thing, but when I am hungry I think of the time when the tragic poets sat at

the boards of good tyrants, and my mouth waters. But when I have tasted the excellent wine that you give us

so abundantly, generous Lucius, I dream of nothing but civil wars and heroic combats. I blush to live in such

inglorious times; I invoke the goddess of Liberty; and I pour out my bloodin imagination with the last

COTTA. In the days of the decline of the Republic my ancestors died with Brutusfor liberty. But there is

reason to suspect that what the Roman people called liberty was only in reality the right to govern

themselves. I do not deny that liberty is the greatest boon a nation can have. But the longer I live the more I

am persuaded that only a strong government can bestow it on the citizens. For forty years I have filled high

positions in the State, and my long experience has shown me that when the ruling power is weak the people

are oppressed. Those, therefore, wholike the great majority of rhetoricianstry to weaken the

government, commit an abominable crime. An autocrat, who governs by his single will, may sometimes

cause most deplorable results; but if he governs by popular consent there is no remedy possible. Before the

majesty of the Roman arms had bestowed peace upon all the world, the only nations which were happy were

HERMODORUS. For my part, Lucius, I believe that there is no such thing as a good form of government,

and that we shall never discover one, because the Greeks, who had so many excellent ideas, were never able

to find one. In that respect, therefore, all hope of ultimate success is taken from us. Unmistakable signs show

that the world is about to fall into ignorance and barbarism. It has been our lot, Lucius, to witness terrible

events. Of all the mental satisfactions which intelligence, learning, and virtue can give, all that remains is the

COTTA. It is true that the rapacity of the people, and the boldness of the barbarians, are threatening evils. But

HERMODORUS. What is the use of deceiving ourselves? The dying empire will become an easy prey to the

barbarians. Cities which were built by Hellenic genius, or Latin patience, will soon be sacked by drunken

savages. Neither art nor philosophy will exist any longer on the earth. The statues of the gods will be

overturned in the temples, and in men's hearts as well. Darkness will overcome all minds, and the world will

die. Can we believe that the Sarmatians will ever devote themselves to intelligent work, that the Germani will

cultivate music and philosophy, and that the Quadi and the Marcomani will adore the immortal gods? No! we

are sliding toward the abyss. Our old Egypt, which was the cradle of the world, will be its burial vault;

Serapis, the god of Death, will receive the last adoration of mortals, and I shall have been the last priest of the

At this moment a strange figure raised the tapestry, and the guests saw before them a little hunchback, whose

bald skull rose in a point. He was clad, in the Asiatic fashion, in a blue tunic, and wore round his legs, like the

barbarians, red breeches, spangled with gold stars. On seeing him, Paphnutius recognised Marcus the Arian,

and fearing lest a thunderbolt should fall from heaven, he covered his head with his arms, and grew pale with

fright. At this banquet of the demons, neither the blasphemies of the pagans, nor the horrible errors of the

philosophers, had had any effect on him, but the mere presence of the heretic quenched his courage. He

would have fled, but his eyes met those of Thais, and he felt at once strengthened. He read in her soul that

she, who was predestined to become a saint, already protected him. He seized the skirt of her long, flowing

A murmur of acclamation welcomed the arrival of the personage who had been called the Christian Plato.

"Most illustrious Marcus, we rejoice to see you amongst us, and it may be said that you come at the right

moment. We know nothing of the Christian doctrine, beyond what is publicly taught. Now, it is certain that a

philosopher, like you, cannot think as the vulgar think, and we are curious to know your opinion of the

principal mysteries of the religion you profess. Our dear friend, Zenothemis, who, as you know, is always

hunting for symbolic meanings, just now questioned the illustrious Paphnutius concerning the Jewish books.

But Paphnutius made no reply, and we should not be surprised at that, as our guest has made a vow of

silence, and God has sealed his tongue in the desert. But you Marcus, who have spoken at the Christian

synods, and even at the councils of the divine Constantine, can if you wish, satisfy our curiosity by revealing

to us the philosophic truths which are wrapped up in the Christian fables. Is not the first of these truths the

MARCUS. Yes, venerable brethren, I believe in an only God, not begottenthe only Eternal, the origin of

NICIAS. We know, Marcus, that your God created the world. That must certainly have been a great crisis in

His existence. He had already existed an eternity before He could make up His mind to it. But I must, in

justice, confess that His situation was a most difficult one. He must continue inactive if He would remain

perfect, and must act if He would prove to Himself His own existence. You assure me that He decided to act.

I am willing to believe you, although it was an unpardonable imprudence on the part of a perfect God. But

MARCUS. Those who, without being Christians, possess, like Hermodorus and Zenothemis, the principles of

knowledge, are aware that God did not create the world personally without an intermediary. He gave birth to

HERMODORUS. That is quite true, Marcus; and this Son is worshipped under the various names of Hermes,

MARCUS. I should not be a Christian if I gave Him any other names than those of Jesus Christ, and Saviour.

He is the true Son of God. But He is not eternal, since He had a beginning; as to thinking that He existed

before He was begotten, we must leave that absurdity to the Nicaean mules, and the obstinate ass who too

At these words Paphnutius, white with horror and his face bedewed with the sweat of agony made the sign of

"It is clear that the foolish Nicene Creed is a treason against the majesty of the only God, by compelling Him

to share His indivisible attributes with His own emanationthe Mediator by whom all things were made.

Cease jesting at the true God of the Christians, Nicias, and learn that, like the lilies of the field, He toils not,

neither does He spin. It was not He who was the worker, it was His only Son, Jesus, who, having created the

world, came afterwards to repair His handiwork. For the creation could not be perfect, and evil was

There was a moment's silence, during which Hermodorus, his arm extended on the cloth, pointed to a little

ass in Corinthian metal which bore two basketsthe one containing white olives, the other black olives.

"You see these olives," he said. "The contrast between the colours is pleasant to the eye, and we are content

that these should be light and those should be dark. But, if they were endowed with thought and knowledge,

the white would say, It is good for an olive to be white, it is bad for it to be black; and the black olives would

hate the white olives. We judge better, for we are as much above them as the gods are above us. For man,

who only sees a part of things, evil is an evil; for God, who understands all things, evil is a good. Doubtless

ugliness is ugly, and not beautiful; but if all were beautiful, the whole would not be beautiful. It is, then, well

that there should be evil, as the second Plato, far greater than the first, has demonstrated."

EUCRITES. Let us talk more morally. Evil is an evilnot for the world, of which it cannot destroy the

indestructible harmony but for the sinner who does it, and cannot help doing it.

EUCRITES. The world is a tragedy by an excellent poet. God, who composed it, has intended each of us to

play a part in it. If he wills that you shall be a beggar, a prince, or a cripple, make the best of the part assigned

NICIAS. Assuredly it would be well that the cripple should limp like Hephaistos: it would be well that the

madman should indulge in all the fury of Ajax, that the incestuous woman should repeat the crimes of

Phaedra, that the traitor should betray, that the rascal should lie, and the murderer kill, and when the piece

was played, all the actor kings, just men, bloody tyrants, pious virgins, immodest wives, noble minded

citizens, and cowardly assassinsshould receive from the poet an equal share in the felicitations.

EUCRITES. You distort my thought, Nicias, and change a beautiful young girl into a hideous Gorgon. I am

sorry for you, if you are so ignorant of the nature of the gods, of justice, and of the eternal laws.

ZENOTHEMIS. For my part, friends, I believe in the reality of good and evil. But I am convinced that there

is not a single human actionwere it even the kiss of Judaswhich does not bear within itself the germ of

redemption. Evil contributes to the ultimate salvation of men, and, in that respect issues from Good, and

shares the merits belonging to Good. This has been admirably expressed by the Christians, in the myth

concerning the man with red hair, who, in order to betray his master, gave him the kiss of peace, and by such

act assured the salvation of men. Therefore, nothing is, in my opinion, more unjust and absurd than the hate

with which certain disciples of Paul, the tentmaker, pursue the most unfortunate of the apostles of Jesus

without realising that the kiss of Iscariotprophesied by Jesus Himselfwas necessary, according to their

own doctrine, for the redemption of men, and that if Judas had not received the thirty pieces, the divine

wisdom would have been impugned, Providence frustrated, its designs upset, and the world given over to

MARCUS. Divine wisdom foresaw that Judas, though he was not obliged to give the traitor's kiss, would

give it, notwithstanding. It thus employed the sin of Iscariot as a stone in the marvellous edifice of the

ZENOTHEMIS. I spoke just now, Marcus, as though I believed that the redemption of men had been

accomplished by Jesus crucified, because I know that such is the belief of the Christians, and I borrowed their

opinion that I might the better show the mistake of those who believe in the eternal damnation of Judas. But,

in reality, Jesus was, in my eyes, but the precursor of Basilides and Valentinus. As to the mystery of the

redemption, I will tell you, my dear friendsif you are at all curious to hear ithow it was really

The guests made a sign of assent. Like the Athenian virgins with the baskets sacred to Ceres, twelve young

girls, bearing on their heads baskets filled with pomegranates and apples, entered the room with a light step,

in time to the music of an invisible flute. They placed the baskets on the table, the flute ceased, and

"When Eunoia, 'the thought of God,' had created the world, she confided the government of the earth to the

angels. But they did not preserve the dispassion befitting masters. Seeing that the daughters of men were fair,

they surprised them in the evening by the wellside, and united themselves to them. From these unions sprang

a turbulent race, who covered the earth with injustice and cruelty, and the dust of the roads drank up the

" 'See what I have done!' she sighed, leaning towards the world. 'My poor children are plunged in misery, and

by my fault. Their suffering is my crime, and I will expiate it. God Himself, who only thinks through me,

would be powerless to restore them to their pristine purity. That which is done is done, and the creation will

remain for ever imperfect. But, at least, I will not forsake my creatures. If I cannot make them happy, like me,

I can make myself unhappy, like them. Since I committed the mistake of giving them bodies which dishonour

them, I will myself assume a body like unto theirs, and will go and live amongst them.'

"Having thus spoken, Eunoia descended to the earth, and was incarnate in the breast of a woman of Argos.

She was born small and feeble, and received the name of Helen. She submitted to all the labours of this life,

but soon grew in grace and beauty, and became the most desired of women, as she had determined, in order

that her mortal body might be tried by the most supreme defilements. An inert prey to lascivious and violent

men, she suffered rape and adultery, in expiation of all the adulteries, all the violences, all the iniquities, and

caused, by her beauty, the ruin of nations, that God might pardon the sins of the universe. And never was the

celestial thought, never was Eunoia, so adorable as in those days when, as a woman, she prostituted herself to

heroes and shepherds. The poets surmised her divinity when they painted her so peaceful, superb, and fatal,

and when they addressed that invocation to her, 'A soul as serene as a calm upon the waters.'

"Thus was Eunoia led by pity into evil and suffering. She died, and the Argives still show her tombfor it

was necessary that she should know death after lust, and taste the bitter fruit she had sown. But, emerging

from the decomposed flesh of Helen, she became incarnate again as a woman, and again suffered every form

of insult and outrage. Thus, passing from body to body, throughout all the evil ages, she takes upon her the

sins of the world. Her sacrifice will not be in vain. Joined to us by the bonds of the flesh, loving us, and

weeping with us, she will effect her redemption and ours, and will carry us, clinging to her white breast, into

HERMODORUS. This myth was not unknown to me. I remembered having heard that, in one of her

metamorphoses, the divine Helen lived with the magician, Simon, in the reign of the Emperor Tiberius. I

thought, however, that her perdition was involuntary, and that she was dragged down by the angels in their

ZENOTHEMIS. It is true, Hermodorus, that men who were not properly initiated in the mysteries have

imagined that the sad Eunoia was not a party to her own downfall. But if it were as they assert Eunoia would

not be the expiating courtesan, the victim covered with stains of all sorts, the bread steeped in the wine of our

shame, the pleasant offering, the meritorious sacrifice, the holocaust, the smoke of which rises to God. If they

CALLICRATES. Does anyone know, Zenothemis in what country, under what name, in what adorable form,

ZENOTHEMIS. A man would have to be very wise indeed to discover such a secret. And wisdom,

Callicrates, is not given to poets, who live in the rude world of forms and amuse themselves, like children,

CALLICRATES. Beware of offending the gods, impious Zenothemis; the poets are dear to them. The first

laws were dictated in verse by the immortals themselves, and the oracles of the gods are poems. Hymns have

a pleasant sound to celestial ears. Who does not know that the poets are prophets, and that nothing is hidden

from them? Being a poet myself, and crowned with Apollo's laurel, I will make known to all the last

incarnation of Eunoia. The eternal Helen is close to us; she is looking at us, and we are looking at her. You

see that woman reclining on the cushions of her couchso beautiful and so contemplativewhose eyes

shed tears, and whose lips abound with kisses! It is she! Lovely as in the time of Priam and the halcyon days

PHILINA. What do you say, Callicrates? Our dear Thais knew Paris, Menelaus, and the Achaians who fought

Old Cotta was asleep, and his bald head nodded slowly above his broad shoulders.

For some time past Dorion had seemed to be greatly excited under his philosophic cloak. He reeled up to the

THAIS. But I, my poor friend, have drunk nothing but water; therefore you must excuse me if I do not love

Dorion did not wait to hear more, but made towards Drosea, who had made a sign to him in order to get him

away from her friend. Zenothemis took the place he had left, and gave Thais a kiss on the mouth.

THAIS. Go away! I wish to be loved with body and soul. All these philosophers are old goats.

The lamps died out one by one. The pale rays of dawn, which entered between the openings of the hangings,

shone on the livid faces and swollen eyes of the guests. Aristobulus was sleeping soundly by the side of

Chereas, and, in his dreams, devoting all his grooms to the ravens. Zenothemis pressed in his arms the

yielding Philina; Dorion poured on the naked bosom of Drosea drops of wine, which rolled like rubies on the

white breast, which was shaking with laughter, and the philosopher tried to catch these drops with his lips, as

they rolled on the slippery flesh. Eucrites rose, and placing his arm on the shoulder of Nicias, led him to the

"Friend," he said, smiling, "if you can still think at allof what are you thinking?"

"Do you not know, Eucrites, that women make little gardens on the terraces, in which they plant boughs in

clay pots in honour of the lover of Venus? These boughs flourish a little time, and then fade."

"What does that signify, Nicias? That it is foolish to attach importance to that which fades?"

"If beauty is but a shadow, desire is but a lightning flash. What madness it is, then, to desire beauty! Is it not

rational, on the contrary, that that which passes should go with that which does not endure, and that the

"Nicias, you seem to me like a child playing at knucklebones. Take my advicebe free! By liberty only

"You shall see presently, my son. Presently you will say, 'Eucrites was free.' "

The old man spoke, leaning against a porphyry pillar, his face lighted by the first rays of dawn. Hermodorus

and Marcus had approached, and stood before him by the side of Nicias; and all four, regardless of the

laughter and cries of the drinkers, conversed on things divine. Eucrites expresses himself so wisely and

"I wish," said Eucrites, "that it may find me occupied in correcting my faults, and attentive to all my duties.

In the face of death I will raise my pure hands to heaven, and I will say to the gods, 'Your images, gods, that

you have placed in the temple of my soul, I have not profaned; I have hung there my thoughts, as well as

garlands, fillets, and wreaths. I have lived according to your providence. I have lived enough.' "

Thus speaking, he raised his arms to heaven, and he remained thoughtful a moment. Then he continued, with

"Separate thyself from life, Eucrites, like the ripe olive which falls; returning thanks to the tree which bore

At these words, drawing from the folds of his robe a naked dagger, he plunged it into his breast.

Those who listened to him sprang forward to seize his hand, but the steel point had already penetrated the

heart of the sage. Eucrites had already entered into his rest. Hermodorus and Nicias bore the pale and

bleeding body to one of the couches, amidst the shrill shrieks of the women, the grunts of the guests disturbed

in their sleep, and the heavy breathing of the couples hidden in the shadow of the tapestry. Cotta, an old

soldier, who slept lightly, woke, approached the corpse, examined the wound, and cried

"Eucrites is no more," he said. "He wished to die as others wish to love. He has, like all of us, obeyed his

inexpressible desire. And, lo, now he is like unto the gods, who desire nothing."

Paphnutius and Thais remained motionless and mute, side by side, their souls overflowing with disgust,

Suddenly the monk seized the hand of the actress, and stepping over the drunkards, who had fallen close to

the lascivious couples, and treading in the wine and blood spilt upon the floor, he led her out of the house.

The sun had risen over the city. Long colonnades stretched on both sides of the deserted street, and at the end

shone the dome of Alexander's tomb. Here and there on the pavement lay broken wreaths and extinguished

torches. Fresh wafts of the sea could be felt in the air. Paphnutius, with a look of disgust, tore off his rich robe

"Thou hast heard them, my Thais!" he cried. "They have spat forth every sort of folly and abomination. They

dragged the Divine Creator of all things down the gemonies[*] of the devils of hell, impudently denied the

existence of Good and Evil, blasphemed Jesus, and exalted Judas. And the most infamous of all, the jackal of

darkness, the stinking beast, the Arian full of corruption and death, opened his mouth like a yawning

sepulchre. My Thais, thou hast seen these filthy snails crawling towards thee and defiling thee with their

sticky sweat; thou hast seen others, like brutes, sleeping under the heels of their slaves; thou hast seen them

coupling like beasts on the carpet they had fouled with their vomit; thou hast seen a foolish old man shed a

blood yet viler than the wine which flowed at his debauch, and at the end of the orgie throw himself in the

face of the unforeseen Christ. Praise be to God! Thou hast seen error and recognised how hideous it was.

Thais, Thais, Thais, recall to mind the follies of these philosophers, and say if thou wilt go mad with them!

Remember the looks, the gestures, the laughs of their fitting companions, those two lascivious and malicious

[*] Steps on the Aventine Hill, leading to the Tiber, to which the bodies of executed criminals were dragged

to be thrown into the river. The word is now obsolete, but was employed by Ben Jonson (Sejanus) and

Thais, her heart stirred with horror and disgust at all she had seen and heard that night, and feeling the

indifference and brutality, the malicious jealousy of women, the heavy weight of useless hours, sighed.

"I am weary to death, O my father! Where shall I find rest? I feel that my face is burning, my head empty,

and my arms are so tired that I should not have the strength to seize happiness were it within reach of my

"Courage, O my sister! The hour of rest rises for thee, white and pure as the vapours thou seest rise from the

They were near the house of Thais, and could see, above the wall, the tops of the sycamore and fir trees,

which surrounded the Grotto of Nymphs, tremble in the morning breeze. In front of them was a public square,

deserted, and surrounded with steles and votive statues, and having at each end a semicircular marble seat,

supported by figures of monsters. Thais fell on one of these seats. Then, looking anxiously at the monk, she

"Thou must," replied the monk, "follow Him who has come to seek thee. He will separate thee from this

present life, as the vintager gathers the cluster that would have rotted on the tree, and bears it to the

winepress to change it into perfumed wine. Listen! there is, a dozen hours from Alexandria, towards the

west, not far from the sea, a nunnery, the rules of which, a masterpiece of wisdom, deserve to be put in lyric

verse and sung to the sound of the theorbo and tambourines. It may truly be said that the women who are

there, submissive to these rules, have their feet upon earth and their faces in heaven. They desire to be poor,

that Jesus may love them, modest, that He may gaze upon them; chaste that He may wed them. He visits

them every day in the guise of a gardener, His feet bare, His beautiful hands openeven as He showed

Himself to Mary at the entrance of the tomb. I will conduct thee this very day to this nunnery, my Thais, and

soon, commingling with these holy women, thou wilt share in their heavenly conversation. They await thee

as a sister. On the threshold of the convent, their mother, the pious Albina, will give thee the kiss of peace

"She herself! Albina, who, born in the purple, has donned the serge, and a daughter of the masters of this

world, has risen to the rank of servant of Jesus Christ. She will be thy mother."

"Surely I will conduct thee thither, and there I will place thee in a cell, where thou shalt weep for thy sins. For

it is not fitting that thou shouldst mingle with the daughters of Albina until thou art cleansed from thy sins. I

will seal the door, and there, a happy prisoner, thou wilt wait in tears till Jesus Himself come, as a sign of

pardon, to break the seal that I have placed. And doubt not that He will come, Thais, and how the flesh of thy

soul will tremble when thou shalt feel the fingers of Light placed upon thy eyes to dry thy tears!"

His heart filled with joy, Paphnutius gazed around him, and tasted, almost without fear, the pleasure of

contemplating the works of creation; his eyes drank in with joy God's light, and unknown breezes fanned his

cheeks. Suddenly, seeing at one of the corners of the public square the little door which led to Thais' house,

and remembering that the trees, whose foliage he had been admiring, shaded the courtesan's garden, he

thought of all the impurities which there sullied the air, today so light and pure, and his soul was so grieved

"Thais," he said, "we must fly without looking back. But we must not leave behind us the instruments, the

witnesses, the accomplices of thy past crimes; those heavy hangings, those beds, carpets, perfume censers and

lamps, which would proclaim thy infamy! Dost thou wish that, animated by the demons, and carried by the

evil spirit that is in them, those accursed belongings should pursue thee even to the desert? It is but too true

that there are tables which bring ruin, seats which serve as the instruments of devils, which act, speak, strike

the ground, and pass through the air. Let all perish which has seen thy shame! Hasten, Thais, and, whilst the

city is yet asleep, order thy slaves to make, in the centre of this place, a pile, upon which we will burn all the

"Do as you will, my father," she said. "I know that spirits often dwell in inanimate objects. At night some

articles of furniture talk, either by giving knocks at regular intervals or by emitting little flashes of light as

signals. And even more. Have you remarked, my father, at the entrance to the Grotto of Nymphs, on the right,

a statue of a naked woman about to bathe? One day I saw, with my own eyes, that statue turn its head like a

living person, and then return to its ordinary attitude. I was terrified. Nicias, to whom I related this prodigy,

laughed at me; yet there must be some magic in that statue, for it inspired with violent desires a certain

Dalmatian, who was insensible to my beauty. It is certain that I have lived amongst enchanted things, and that

I was exposed to the greatest perils, for men have been strangled by the embraces of a bronze statue. Yet it

would be a pity to destroy valuable works made with rare skill, and to burn my carpets and tapestry would be

a great loss. The beautiful colours of some of them are truly wonderful, and they cost much money to those

who gave them to me. I also possess cups, statues, and pictures of great price. I do not think they ought to

Thus saying, she followed the monk to the little door at which so many garlands and wreaths had been hung,

and, when it was opened, she told the porter to call together all the slaves in the house. Four Indians, who

were employed in the kitchen, were the first to appear. They were all four yellow men, and each had but one

eye. It had cost Thais much trouble, and given her amusement, to get together these four slaves of the same

race, and all afflicted with the same infirmity. When they attended at table they excited the curiosity of the

guests, and Thais made them relate the story of their lives. These four waited in silence. Their assistants

followed them. Then came the stablemen, the huntsmen, the litterbearers, and the running footmen with

muscles like iron, two gardeners hirsute as Priapus, six ferocious looking negroes, three Greek slavesone a

grammarian, another a poet, and the third a singer. They all stood, ranged in order, on the public square, and

were presently joined by the negressescurious, suspicious, rolling big round eyes, and each with a huge

mouth slit to her earrings. Lastly, adjusting their veils and languidly dragging their feet, which were shackled

with light gold chains, appeared six sulky looking, beautiful white slavegirls. When they were all

"Do whatever this man commands you; for the spirit of God is in him, and if you disobey him you will fall

For she had heard, and really believed, that the earth would open and swallow up in flames and smoke any

"Bring wood to the middle of this place, make a huge fire, and throw into it pellmell all that there is in the

They were astonished, and stood motionless, looking at their mistress. And they still stood inactive and silent,

and pressed against each other, elbow to elbow, suspecting that the order was a joke.

Several of them were Christians. They understood the command, and went to the house to fetch wood and

torches. The others were not indisposed to imitate them, for, being poor, they hated riches and had a natural

instinct for destruction. Whilst they were building the pile, Paphnutius said to Thais

"I thought at one time of fetching the treasurer of one of the churches of Alexandria (if there still remain one

worthy of the name of church, and that is not defiled by the Arian beasts) and giving him thy goods, woman,

that he might distribute them to widows, and change the proceeds of crime into the treasure of justice. But

such a thought did not come from God, and I cast it from me, for assuredly it would be a great offence to the

wellbeloved of Jesus Christ to offer them the spoils of thy lust. Thais, all that thou hast touched must be

devoured by the fire, even to its very soul. Thanks be to Heaven, these tunics and veils, which have seen

kisses more innumerable than the waves of the sea, will only feel now the lips and tongues of the flames.

Hasten, slaves! More wood! More links and torches! And thou, woman, return to thy house, strip thyself of

thy shameful robes, and ask of the most humble of thy slaves, as an undeserving favour, the tunic that she

Thais obeyed. Whilst the Indians knelt down and blew the embers, the negroes threw on the pile coffers of

ivory, ebony, or cedar, which broke open and let out wreaths, garlands, and necklaces. The smoke rose in a

dark column, as in the holocausts of the old religion. Then the fire, which had been smouldering, burst out

suddenly with a roar as of some monstrous animal, and the almost invisible flames began to devour their

valuable prey. The slaves worked more eagerly; they joyfully dragged out rich carpets, veils embroidered

with silver, and flowered tapestry. They staggered under the weight of tables, couches, thick cushions, and

beds with gold nails. Three strong Ethiopians came hugging the coloured statues of the nymphs, one of which

had been loved as though it were a mortal; and they looked like huge apes carrying off women. And when the

beautiful naked forms fell from the arms of these monsters, and were broken on the stones, a deep groan was

At that moment Thais appeared, her hair unloosed and streaming over her shoulders, barefooted, and clad in a

clumsy coarse garment which seemed redolent with divine voluptuousness merely from having touched her

body. Behind her came a gardener, carrying, half hidden in his long beard, an ivory Eros.

She made a sign to the man to stop, and approaching Paphnutius, showed him the little god.

"My father," she asked, "should this also be thrown into the flames? It is of marvellous antique work, and is

worth a hundred times its weight in gold. Its loss would be irreparable, for there is not a sculptor in the world

capable of making such a beautiful Eros. Remember also, my father, that this child is Love, and he should not

be harshly treated. Believe me, Love is a virtue, and if I have sinned, it is not through him, my father, but

against him. Never shall I regret aught that he has caused me to do, and I deplore only those things I have

done contrary to his commands. He does not allow women to give themselves to those who do not come in

his name. For that reason he ought to be honoured. Look, Paphnutius, how pretty this little Eros is! With what

grace he hides himself in the gardener's beard! One day Nicias, who loved me then, brought it to me and said,

'It will remind you of me.' But the roguish boy did not remind me of Nicias, but of a young man I knew at

Antioch. Enough riches have been destroyed upon this pile, my father! Preserve this Eros, and place it in

some monastery. Those who see it will turn their hearts towards God, for love leads naturally to heavenly

The gardener, already believing that the little Eros was saved, smiled on it as though it had been a child, when

Paphnutius, snatching the god from the arms which held it, threw it into the flames, crying

"It is enough that Nicias has touched it to make it replete with every sort of poison!"

Then, seizing by armfuls the sparkling robes, the purple mantles, the golden sandals, the combs, strigils,

mirrors, lamps, theorbos, and lyres, he threw them into this furnace, more costly than the funeral pile of

Sardanapalus, whilst, drunken with the rage of destruction, the slaves danced round, uttering wild yells amid

One by one, the neighbours, awakened by the noise, opened the windows, and rubbing their eyes, looked out

to see whence the smoke came. Then they came down, half dressed, and drew near the fire.

Amongst them were merchants from whom Thais had often bought perfumes and stuffs, and they looked on

anxiously with long, yellow faces, unable to comprehend what was going on. Some young debauchees, who,

returning from a supper, passed by there, preceded by their slaves, stopped, their heads crowned with flowers,

their tunics floating, and uttered loud cries. Attracted by curiosity, the crowd increased unceasingly, and soon

it was known that Thais had been persuaded by the Abbot of Antinoe to burn her riches and retire to a

"Thais is going to leave the city; we shall sell no more to her; it is dreadful to think of. What will become of

us without her? This monk has driven her mad. He is ruining us. Why let him do it? What is the use of the

laws? Are there no magistrates in Alexandria? Thais does not think about us and our wives and our poor

children. It is a public scandal. She ought to be compelled to stay in the city."

"If Thais is going to renounce acting and love, our chief amusements will be taken from us. She was the

glory, delight, and honour of the stage. She was the joy even of those who had never possessed her. The

women we loved, we loved in her. There were no kisses given in which she was altogether absent, for she

was the joy of all voluptuaries, and the mere thought that she breathed amongst us excited us to pleasure."

Thus thought the young men, and one of them, named Cerons, who had held her in his arms, cried out upon

the abduction, and blasphemed against Christ. In every group the conduct of Thais was severely criticised.

"Who will represent Iphigenia, Electra, and Polyxena when she is gone? The handsome Polybia herself will

All the most notorious mendicants of the citycripples, blind men, and paralyticshad by this time

assembled in the place; and crawling through the remnants of the riches, they groaned

"How shall we live when Thais is no longer here to feed us? Every day the fragments from her table fed two

hundred poor wretches, and her lovers, when they quitted her, threw us as they passed handfuls of silver

Some thieves, too, also mingled with the crowd, and created a deafening clamour, and pushed their

neighbours, to increase disorder, and take advantage of the tumult to filch some valuable object.

Old Taddeus, who sold Miletan wool and Tarentan linen, and to whom Thais owed a large sum of money,

alone remained calm and silent in the midst of the uproar. He listened and watched, and gently stroking his

goatbeard, seemed thoughtful. At last he approached young Cerons, and pulling him by the sleeve,

"You are the favoured lover of Thais, handsome youth; show yourself, and do not allow this monk to carry

"By Pollux and his sister, he shall not!" cried Cerons. "I will speak to Thais, and without flattering myself, I

think she will listen to me rather than to that sootyfaced Lapithan. Place! Place, dogs!"

And striking with his fist the men, upsetting the old women and treading on the young children, he reached

"Dearest girl," he said, "look at me, remember, and tell me truly if you renounce love."

"Impious wretch!" he cried, "beware and touch her not; she is sacred she belongs to God."

"Get away, baboon!" replied the young man furiously. "Let me speak to my sweetheart, or if not I will drag

And he put his hand on Thais. But, pushed away by the monk with unexpected force, he staggered back four

Old Taddeus, meanwhile, had been going from one to the other, pulling the ears of the slaves and kissing the

hands of the masters, inciting each and all against Paphnutius, and had already formed a little band resolutely

Cerons rose, his face black, his hair singed, and choking with smoke and rage. He blasphemed against the

gods, and threw himself amongst the assailants, behind whom the beggars crawled, shaking their crutches.

Paphnutius was soon enclosed in a circle of menacing fists, raised sticks, and cries of death.

"Impious men," he cried in a voice of thunder, "strive not to tear the dove from the eagle of the Lord. But

rather copy this woman, and like she turn your filth into gold. Imitate her example, and renounce the false

wealth which you think you hold and which holds you. Hasten! the day is at hand, and divine patience begins

to grow weary. Repent, confess your sins, weep and pray. Walk in the footsteps of Thais. Hate your offenses,

which are as great as hers. Which of you, poor or rich, merchants, soldiers, slaves or eminent citizens, would

dare to say, before God, that he was better than a prostitute? You are all nothing but living filth, and it is by a

Whilst he spoke flames shot from his eyes; an it seemed as though live coals came from his lips and those

But old Taddeus did not remain idle. He picked up stones and oyster shells, which he hid in the skirt of his

tunic, and not daring to throw them himself slipped them into the hands of the beggars. Soon the stones began

to fly, and a welldirected shell cut Paphnutius' face. The blood, which flowed down the dark face of the

martyr, dropped in a new baptism on the head of the penitent, and Thais, half stifled in the monk's embrace

and her delicate skin scratched by the coarse cassock, felt a thrill of horror and fright.

At that moment a man elegantly dressed, and with a wreath of wild celery on his head, opened a road for

It was Nicias, who, having closed the eyes of the philosopher Eucrites, was passing through the square to

return to his house;. and saw, without very much surprise (for nothing astonished him), the smoking pile,

"Stop, I tell you; spare my old fellowscholar; respect the beloved head of Paphnutius!"

But, being only used to subtle disquisitions with philosophers, he did not possess that imperious energy

which commands vulgar minds. He was not listened to. A shower of stones and shells fell on the monk, who,

protecting Thais with his body, praised the Lord whose goodness turned his wounds into caresses. Despairing

of making himself heard, and feeling but too sure that he could not save his friend either by force or

persuasion, Nicias resigned himself to the will of the godsin whom he had little confidencewhen the

idea occurred to him to use a stratagem which his contempt for men had suddenly suggested to him. He took

from his girdle his purse, which was full of gold and silver, for he was a pleasureloving and charitable man,

and running up to the men who were throwing the stones, he chinked the money in their ears. At first they

paid no attention to him, their fury being too great; but little by little their looks turned towards the chinking

gold, and soon their arms dropped and no longer menaced their victim. Seeing that he had attracted their eyes

and minds, Nicias opened his purse and threw some pieces of gold and silver amongst the crowd. The more

greedy of them stooped to pick it up. The philosopher, pleased at his first success, adroitly threw deniers and

drachmas here and there. At the sound of the pieces of money rattling on the pavement, the persecutors of

Paphnutius threw themselves on the ground. Beggars, slaves, and tradespeople scrambled after the money,

whilst, grouped round Cerons, the patricians watched the struggle and laughed heartily. Cerons himself quite

forgot his wrath. His friends encouraged the rivals, chose competitors, and made bets, and urged on the

miserable wretches as they would have done fighting dogs. A cripple without legs having succeeded in

seizing a drachma, the applause was frenetic. The young men themselves began to throw money, and nothing

was to be seen in the square but a multitude of backs, rising and falling like waves of the sea, under a shower

Nicias ran up to him, covered him with his cloak, and dragged him and Thais into bystreets where they were

safe from pursuit. They ran for some time in silence, and when they thought they were out of reach of their

enemies, they ceased running, and Nicias said, in a tone of raillery in which a little sadness was mingled

"It is finished then! Pluto ravishes Proserpine, and Thais will follow my fiercelooking friend whithersoever

"It is true, Nicias," replied Thais, "that I am tired of living with men like you, smiling, perfumed, kindly

egoists. I am weary of all I know, and I am, therefore, going to seek the unknown. I have experienced joy that

was not joy, and here is a man who teaches me that sorrow is true joy. I believe him, for he knows the truth."

"And I, sweetheart," replied Nicias, smiling, "I know the truths. He knows but one, I know them all. I am

superior to him in that respect, but to tell the truth, it doesn't make me any the prouder nor any the happier."

"My dear Paphnutius, do not imagine that I think you extremely absurd, or even altogether unreasonable. And

if I were to compare your life with mine, I could not say which is preferable in itself. I shall presently go and

take the bath which Crobyle and Myrtale have prepared for me; I shall eat the wing of a Phasian pheasant;

then I shall read for the hundredth timesome fable by Apuleius or some treatise by Porphyry. You will

return to your cell, where, leaning like a tame camel, you will ruminate onI know not whatformulas of

incarnations you have long chewed and rechewed, and in the evening you will swallow some radishes

without any oil. Well, my dear friend, in accomplishing these acts, so different apparently, we are both

obeying the same sentiment, the only motive for all human actions; we are both seeking our own pleasure,

and striving to attain the same endhappiness, the impossible happiness. It would be folly on my part to say

"And you, my Thais, go and enjoy yourself, and be more happy still, if it be possible, in abstinence and

austerity than you have been in riches and pleasure. On the whole, I should say you were to be envied. For if

in our whole lives, Paphnutius and I have pursued but one kind of pleasurable satisfaction, you in your life,

dear Thais, have tasted diverse joys such as it is rarely given to the same person to know. I should really like

to be for one hour, a saint like our dear friend Paphnutius. But that is not possible. Farewell, then, Thais! Go

where the secret forces of nature and your destiny conduct you! Go, and take with you, whithersoever you go,

the good wishes of Nicias! I know that is mere foolishness, but can I give you anything more than barren

regrets and vain wishes in payment for the delicious illusions which once enveloped me when I was in your

arms, and of which only the shadow now remains to me? Farewell, my benefactress! Farewell, goodness that

is ignorant of its own existence, mysterious virtue, joy of men! Farewell to the most adorable of the images

that nature has ever thrownfor some unknown reasonson the face of this deceptive world!"

Whilst he spoke, deep wrath had been brewing in the monk's heart, and it now broke forth in imprecations.

"Avaunt, cursed wretch! I scorn thee and hate thee. Go, child of hell, a thousand times worse than those poor

lost ones who just now threw stones and insults at me! They knew not what they did, and the grace of God,

which I implored for them, may some day descend into their hearts. But thou, detestable Nicias, thou art but a

perfidious venom and a bitter poison. Thy mouth breathes despair and death. One of thy smiles contains more

blasphemy than issues in a century from the smoking lips of Satan. Avaunt, backslider!"

"Farewell, my brother," he said, "and may you preserve until your life's end your store of faith, hate, and

love. Farewell, Thais! It is in vain that you will forget me, because I shall ever remember you."

On quitting them he walked thoughtfully through the winding streets in the vicinity of the great cemetery of

Alexandria, which are peopled by the makers of funeral urns. Their shops were full of clay figures painted in

bright colours and representing gods and goddesses, mimes, women, winged sprites, such as were usually

buried with the dead. He fancied that perhaps some of the little images which he saw there might be the

companions of his eternal sleep; and it seemed to him that a little Eros, with its tunic tucked up, laughed at

him mockingly. He looked forward to his death, and the idea was painful to him. To cure his sadness he tried

"Assuredly," he said to himself, "time has no reality. It is a simple illusion of our minds. Then, if it does not

exist, how can it bring death to me? Does that mean that I shall live for ever? No, but I conclude therefrom

that my death is, always has been, as it always will be. I do not feel it yet, but it is in me, and I ought not to

fear it, for it would be folly to dread the coming of that which has arrived. It exists, like the last page of a

This argument occupied him all the rest of the way, but without making him more cheerful; and his mind was

filled with dismal thoughts when he arrived at the door of his house and heard the merry laughter of Crobyle

Paphnutius and Thais left the city by the Gate of the Moon, and followed the coast.

"Woman," said the monk, "all that great blue sea could not wash away thy pollutions."

"More filthy than a bitch or a sow, thou hast prostituted to pagans and infidels a body which the Eternal had

intended for a tabernacle, and thy impurities are such that, now that thou knowest the truth, thou canst not

unite thy lips or join thy hands without a horror of thyself rising in thy heart."

She followed him meekly, over stony roads, under a burning sun. Her knees ached from fatigue, and her

throat was parched with thirst. But, far from feeling any of the pity which softens the hearts of the profane,

Paphnutius rejoiced at these propitiatory sufferings of the flesh which had so sinned. So infuriated was he

with holy zeal that he would have liked to cut with rods the body that had preserved its beauty as a shining

witness to its infamy. His meditations augmented his pious fury, and remembering that Thais had received

Nicias in her bed, that idea seemed so horrible to him that his blood all flowed back to his heart, and his

breast felt ready to burst. His curses were stifled in his throat, and he could only grind his teeth. He sprang

forward and stood before her, pale, terrible, and filled with the Spirit of Godlooked into her very soul, and

She calmly wiped her face and continued to walk on. He followed, glaring at her in pious anger, as if she had

been hell itself. He was thinking how he could avenge Christ in order that Christ should not avenge Himself,

when he saw a drop of blood that had dripped from the foot of Thais on the sand. Then a hitherto unknown

influence entered his opened heart, sobs rose to his lips, he wept, he ran and knelt before her, called her his

sister, and kissed her bleeding feet. He murmured a hundred times, "My sister, my sister, my mother, O most

"Angels of heaven, receive carefully this drop of blood, and bear it before the throne of the Lord. And may a

miraculous anemone blossom on the sand sprinkled with the blood of Thais, that those who see the flower

As he prayed and prophesied thus, a lad passed on an ass. Paphnutius ordered him to descend, seated Thais

on the ass, and led it by the bridle. Towards evening they came to a canal shaded by fine trees; he tied the ass

to the trunk of a date palm, and sitting on a mossy stone he shared with Thais a loaf, which they ate with salt

and hyssop. They drank fresh water in their hands, and talked of things eternal. She said

"I have never drunk water so pure nor breathed an air so light, and I feel that God floats in the breezes that

"Look! it is the evening, O my sister. The blue shadows of night cover the hills. But soon thou wilt see

shining in the dawn the tabernacles of Light; soon thou wilt behold shine forth the roses of the eternal

They journeyed all night, and, while the crescent moon gleamed on the silver crests of the waves, they sang

psalms and hymns. When the sun rose, the Libyan desert stretched before them like a huge lionskin. At the

edge of the desert, and close to a few palmtrees, some white huts shimmered in the morning light.

"Even so, my daughter and my sister. Yonder is the House of Salvation, where I will confine you with my

Soon they saw a number of women busy around the buildings, like bees round their hives. There were some

who baked bread, or prepared vegetables; many were spinning wool, and the light of heaven shone upon them

like a smile of God. Others meditated in the shade of the tamarisk trees; their white hands hung by their sides,

for, being filled with love, they had chosen the part of Magdalen, and performed no work but prayer,

contemplation, and ecstasy. They were, therefore, called the Marys, and were clad in white. Those who

worked with their hands were called the Marthas, and wore blue robes. All wore the hood, but the younger

ones allowed a few curls to show on their foreheads unintentionally, it is to be presumed, since it was

forbidden by the rules. A very old lady, tall and white, walked from cell to cell, leaning on a staff of hard

wood. Paphnutius approached her respectfully, kissed the hem of her veil, and said

"The peace of the Lord be with thee, venerable Albina. I have brought to the hive, of which thou art queen, a

bee I found lost on a flowerless road. I took it in the palm of my hand, and revived it with my breath. I give it

And he pointed to the actress, who knelt down before the daughter of the Caesars.

Albina cast a piercing glance on Thais, ordered her to rise, kissed her on the forehead, and then, turning to the

Paphnutius then related how Thais had been brought to the House of Salvation, and asked that she should be

at once confined in a cell. The abbess consented, and led the penitent to a hut, which had remained empty

since the death of the virgin Laeta, who had sanctified it. In this narrow chamber there was but a bed, a table,

and a pitcher, and Thais when she crossed the threshold, felt filled with ineffable joy.

"I wish to close the door myself," said Paphnutius, "and put thereon a seal, which Jesus will come and break

He went to the side of the spring, and took a handful of wet clay, mixed with it a little spittle and a hair from

his head, and plastered it across the chink of the door. Then, approaching the window, near which Thais stood

"How beautiful are the feet of her who walketh in the paths of righteousness! How beautiful are her feet, and

"My daughter," she said, "take to Thais those things which are needful for herbread, water, and a flute with

Paphnutius had returned to the holy desert. He took, near Athribis, the boat which went up the Nile to carry

food to the monastery of Abbot Serapion. When he disembarked, his disciples advanced to meet him with

great demonstrations of joy. Some raised their arms to heaven; others, prostrate on the ground, kissed the

Abbot's sandals. For they knew already what the saint had accomplished in Alexandria. The monks generally

received, by rapid and unknown means, information concerning the safety or glory of the Church. News

When Paphnutius strode across the sand, his disciples followed him, praising the Lord. Flavian, who was the

oldest member of the brotherhood, was suddenly seized with a pious frenzy and began to sing an inspired

When they came to the door of the Abbot's cell, they fell on their knees, and said

"Let our father bless us, and give each of us a measure of oil to celebrate his return."

Paul the Fool, who alone had remained standing, asked, "Who is this man?" and did not recognise

Paphnutius. But no one paid any attention to what he said, as he was known to be devoid of intelligence,

"I have at last regained the haven of my repose and happiness. I have returned to my fortress of contentment.

But how is it that this roof of rushes, so dear to me, does not receive me as a friend, and the walls say not to

me, 'Thou art welcome.' Nothing has changed, since my departure, in this abode I have chosen. There is my

table and my bed. There is the mummy's head which has so often inspired me with salutary thoughts; and

there is the book in which I have so often sought conceptions of God. And yet nothing that I left is here. The

things appear grievously despoiled of their customary charm, and it seems to me as though I saw them today

for the first time. When I look at that table and couch, that in former days I made with my own hands, that

black, dried head, these rolls of papyrus filled with the sayings of God, I seem to see the belongings of a dead

man. After having known them all so well, I know them no longer. Alas! since nothing around me has really

changed, it is I who am no longer what I was. I am another. I am the dead man! What has happened, my God?

And it especially perplexed him to find, in spite of himself, that his cell was small, whereas, when viewed by

the eye of faith, he ought to consider it immense, because the infinitude of God began there.

He began to pray, with his face against the ground, and felt a little happier. He had hardly been an hour in

prayer, when a vision of Thais passed before his eyes. He returned thanks to God

"Jesus! it is Thou who hast sent her. I acknowledge in that Thy wonderful goodness; Thou wouldst please me,

reassure me and comfort me by the sight of her whom I have given to Thee. Thou; presentest her to my eyes

with her smile now disarmed; her grace, now become innocent; her beauty from which I have extracted the

sting. To please me, my God, thou showest her to me as I have prepared and purified her for Thy designs, as

one friend pleasantly reminds another of the rich gift he has received from him. Therefore I see this woman

with delight, being assured that the vision comes from Thee. Thou dost not forget that I have given her to

Thee, Jesus. Keep her, since she pleases Thee, and suffer not her beauty to give joy to any but Thyself."

He could not sleep all night, and he saw Thais more distinctly than he had seen her in the Grotto of Nymphs.

And his mind was still perturbed. Thirty days he remained in that condition of sadness which precedes the

sore trials of a solitary monk. The image of Thais never left him day or night. He did not try to banish it,

because he still thought it came from God, and was the image of a saint. But one morning she visited him in a

dream, her hair crowned with violets, and her very gentleness seemed so formidable, that he uttered a cry of

fright, and woke in an icy sweat. His eyes were still heavy with sleep, when he felt a moist warm breath on

his face. A little jackal, its two paws placed on the side of the bed, was panting its stinking breath in his face,

Paphnutius was greatly astonished, and it seemed to him as though a tower had given way under his feet.

And, in fact, he had fallen, for his selfconfidence had gone. For some time he was incapable of thought and

"It is one of two things," he said to himself; "either this vision, like the preceding ones, came from God, and

was a good vision, and it is my natural perversity which has misrepresented it, as wine turns sour in a dirty

cup. I have, by my unworthiness, changed instruction into reproach, of which this diabolical jackal

immediately took advantage. Or else this vision came, not from God, but, on the contrary, from the devil, and

was evil. In that case I should doubt whether the former ones had, as I thought, a celestial origin. I am

therefore incapable of that discernment which is necessary for the ascetic. In either case it is plain that God is

no longer with me,of which I feel the effects, though I cannot explain the cause."

"Just God, what trials dost Thou appoint for Thy servants if the apparitions of Thy saints are a danger for

them? Give me to discern, by an intelligible sign, that which comes from Thee, and that which comes from

And as God, whose designs are inscrutable, did not see fit to enlighten his servant, Paphnutius, lost in doubt,

resolved not to think of Thais any more. But his resolutions were vain. Though absent, she was ever with

him. She gazed at him whilst he read, or meditated, or prayed, or met his eyes wherever he looked. Her

imaginary approach was heralded by a slight sound, such as is made by a woman's dress when she walks, and

the visions had more verisimilitude than reality itself, which moves and is confused, whereas the phantoms

which are caused by solitude are fixed and unchangeable. She came under various appearancessometimes

pensive, her head crowned with her last perishable wreath, clad as at the banquet at Alexandria, in a mauve

robe spangled with silver flowers; sometimes voluptuously in a cloud of light veils, and bathed in the warm

shadows of the Grotto of Nymphs; sometimes in a serge cassock, pious and radiant with celestial joy;

sometimes tragic, her eyes swimming in the terrors of death, and showing her bare breast bedewed with the

blood from her pierced heart. What disturbed him the most in these visions was that the wreaths, tunics, and

veils, that he had burned with his own hands, should thus return; it became evident to him that these things

When he turned away his head, he felt that Thais was behind him, and that made him feel still more uneasy.

His torture was cruel. But as his soul and body remained pure in the midst of all his temptations, he trusted in

"My God, if I went so far to seek her amongst the Gentiles, it was for Thy sake, and not for mine. It would

not be just that I should suffer for what I have done in Thy behalf. Protect me, sweet Jesus! My Saviour, save

me! Suffer not the phantom to accomplish that which the body could not. As I have triumphed over the flesh,

suffer not the shadow to overthrow me. I know that I am now exposed to greater dangers than I ever ran. I

feel and know that the dream has more power than the reality. And how could it be otherwise, since it is itself

but a higher reality? It is the soul of things. Plato, though he was but an idolater, has testified to the real

existence of ideas. At that banquet of demons to which Thou accompaniedst me, Lord, I heard men sullied

with crimes truly, but certainly not devoid of intelligence agree to acknowledge that we see real objects in

solitude, meditation, and ecstasy; and Thy Scriptures, my God, many times affirm the virtue of dreams, and

There was a new man in him and now he reasoned with God, but God did not choose to enlighten him. His

nights were one long dream, and his days did not differ from his nights. One morning he awoke uttering

sighs, such as issue, by moonlight, from the tombs of the victims of crimes. Thais had come, showing her

bleeding feet, and whilst he wept, she had slipped into his couch. There was no longer any doubt; the image

His heart filled with disgust, he leaped out of his profaned couch, and hid his face in his hands that he might

not see the daylight. The hours passed, but they did not remove his shame. All was quiet in the cell. For the

first time for many long days, Paphnutius was alone. The phantom had at last left him, and even its absence

seemed dreadful. Nothing, nothing to distract his mind from the recollection of the dream. Full of horror, he

"Why did I not drive her away? Why did I not tear myself from her cold arms and burning knees?"

He no longer dared to pronounce the name of God near that horrible couch, and he feared that his cell being

profaned, the demons might freely enter at any hour. His fears did not deceive him. The seven little jackals,

which had never crossed the threshold, entered in a file, and went and hid under the bed. At the vesper hour,

there came an eighth, the stench of which was horrible. The next day, a ninth joined the others, and soon

there were thirty, then sixty, then eighty. They became smaller as they multiplied, and being no bigger than

rats, they covered the floor, the couch, and the stool. One of them jumped on the little table by the side of the

bed, and standing with its four feet together on the death's head, looked at the monk with burning eyes. And

To expiate the abominable sin of his dream, and flee from impure thoughts, Paphnutius determined to leave

his cell, which had now become polluted, go far into the desert, and practise unheardof austerities, strange

labours, and fresh works of grace. But before putting his design into action, he went to see old Palemon and

He found him in his garden watering his lettuces. It was the evening. The blue Nile flowed at the foot of

violet hills. The good old man was walking slowly, in order not to frighten a pigeon that had perched on his

"The Lord be with thee, brother Paphnutius," he said. "Admire his goodness; He sends me the animals that

He has created that I may converse with them of His works, and praise Him in the birds of the air. Look at

this pigeon; note the changing hues of its neck, and say, is it not a beautiful work of God? But have you not

come to talk with me, brother, on some pious subject? If so, I will put down my wateringpot, and listen to

Paphnutius told the old man about his journey, his return, the visions of his days and the dreams of his

"Do you not think, father," he added, "that I ought to bury myself in the desert, and perform some

"I am but a poor sinner," replied Palemon, "and I know little about men, having passed all my life in this

garden, with gazelles, little hares and pigeons. But it seems to me, brother, that your distemper comes from

your having passed too suddenly from the noisy world to the calm of solitude. Such sudden transitions can

but do harm to the health of the soul. You are, brother, like a man who exposes himself, almost at the same

time, to great heat and great cold. A cough shakes him, and fever torments him. In your place, brother

Paphnutius, instead of retiring at once into some awful desert, I should take such amusements as are fitting to

a monk and a holy abbot. I should visit the monasteries in the neighbourhood. Some of them are wonderful, it

is said. That of Abbot Serapion contains, I have been told, a thousand four hundred and thirtytwo cells, and

the monks are divided into as many legions as there are letters in the Greek alphabet. I am even informed that

a certain analogy is observed between the character of the monks and the shape of the letter by which they are

designated, and that, for example, those who are placed under Z have a tortuous character, whilst those under

I have an upright mind. If I were you, brother, I should go and assure myself of this with my own eyes, and I

should know no rest until I had seen such a wonderful thing. I should not fail to study the regulations of the

various communities which are scattered along the banks of the Nile, so as to be able to compare one with

another. Such study is befitting a religious man like yourself. You have heard say, no doubt, that Abbot

Ephrem has drawn up for his monastery pious regulations of great beauty. With his permission, you might

make a copy of them, as you are a skilful penman. I could not do so, for my hands, accustomed to wield the

spade, are too awkward to direct the thin reed of the scribe over the papyrus. But you have the knowledge of

letters, brother, and should thank God for it, for beautiful writing cannot be too much admired. The work of

the copyist and the reader is a great safeguard against evil thoughts. Brother Paphnutius, why do you not

write out the teachings of our fathers, Paul and Anthony? Little by little you would recover, in these pious

works, peace of soul and mind; solitude would again become pleasant to your heart, and soon you would be

in a condition to recommence those ascetic works which your journey has interrupted. But you must not

expect much benefit from excessive penitence. When he was amongst us, our Father Anthony used to say,

'Excessive fasting produces weakness, and weakness begets idleness. There are some monks who ruin their

body by fasts improperly prolonged. Of them it may be said that they plunge a dagger into their own breast,

and deliver themselves up unresistingly into the power of the devil.' So said the holy man, Anthony. I am but

a foolish old man, but, by the grace of God, I have remembered what our father told us."

Paphnutius thanked Palemon and promised to think over his advice. When he had passed the fence of reeds

which enclosed the little garden, he turned round and saw the good old gardener engaged in watering his

salads, whilst the pigeon walked about on his bent back, and at that sight Paphnutius felt ready to weep.

On returning to his cell, he found there a strange turmoil, as though it were filled with grains of sand blown

about by a strong wind, and on looking closer, he saw these moving bodies were myriads of little jackals.

That night he saw in a dream, a high stone column surmounted by a human face, and he heard a voice which

On awaking, he felt confident that this dream had been sent from heaven. He called his disciples, and

"My beloved sons, I must leave you, and go where God sends me. During my absence obey Flavian as you

As he strode away, they remained prostrate on the ground, and when they raised their heads, they saw his tall

He walked day and night until he reached the ruins of the temple, formerly built by the idolaters, in which he

had slept amongst the scorpions and sirens on his former strange journey. The walls, covered with magic

signs, were still standing. Thirty immense columns, which terminated in human heads or lotus flowers, still

supported a heavy stone entablature. But, at one end of the temple, a pillar had shaken off its old burden, and

stood isolated. It had for its capital the head of a woman which smiled, with long eyes and rounded cheeks,

Paphnutius, on seeing it, recognised the column which had been shown him in his dream, and he calculated

that it was thirtytwo cubits high. He went to the neighbouring village, and ordered a ladder of that height to

be made; and when the ladder was placed against the pillar, he ascended, knelt down on the top, and said to

"Here, then, O God, is the abode Thou hast chosen for me. May I remain here, in Thy Grace, until the hour of

He had brought no provisions with him, trusting in divine providence, and expecting that charitable peasants

would give him all that he needed. And, in fact, the next day, about the ninth hour, women came with their

children, bringing bread, dates, and fresh water, which the boys carried to the top of the column.

The top of the pillar was not large enough to allow the monk to lie at full length, so that he slept with his legs

crossed and his head on his breast, and sleep was a more cruel torture to him than his wakeful hours. At dawn

the ospreys brushed him with their wings, and he awoke filled with pain and terror.

It happened that the carpenter who had made the ladder feared God. Disturbed at the thought that the saint

was exposed to the sun and rain, and fearing that he might fall in his sleep, this pious man constructed a roof

Soon the report of this extraordinary existence spread from village to village, and the labourers of the valley

came on Sundays, with their wives and children, to look at the stylite. The disciples of Paphnutius, having

learned with surprise the place of this wonderful retreat, came to him, and obtained from him permission to

build their huts at the foot of the column. Every morning they came and stood in a circle round the master,

"My sons," he said to them, "continue like those little children whom Jesus loved. That is the way of

salvation. The sin of the flesh is the source and origin of all sins; they spring from it as from a parent. Pride,

avarice, idleness, anger, and envy are its dearly beloved progeny. I have seen this in Alexandria; I have seen

rich men carried away by the vice of lust, which, like a river with a turbid flood, swept them into the gulf of

The abbots Ephrem and Serapion, being informed of his strange proceeding, wished to behold him with their

own eyes. Seeing from afar, on the river, the triangular sail which was bringing them to him, Paphnutius

could not prevent himself from thinking that God had made him an example to all solitary monks. The two

abbots, when they saw him, did not conceal their surprise; and, having consulted together, they agreed in

"Such a mode of life is contrary to all usage," they said; "it is peculiar, and against all rules."

"What is the monastic life if not peculiar? And ought not the deeds of a monk to be as eccentric as he is

himself? It was a sign from God that caused me to ascend here; it is a sign from God that will make me

Every day religious men came to join the disciples of Paphnutius, and they built for themselves shelters round

the aerial hermitage. Several of them, to imitate the saint, mounted the ruins of the temple; but, being

reproved by their brethren, and conquered by fatigue, they soon gave up these attempts.

Pilgrims flocked from all parts. There were some who had come long distances, and were hungry and thirsty.

The idea occurred to a poor widow of selling fresh water and melons. Against the foot of the column, behind

her bottles of red clay, her cups and her fruit under an awning of blueandwhite striped canvas, she cried,

"Who wants to drink?" Following the example of this widow, a baker brought some bricks and made an oven

close by, in the hope of selling loaves and cakes to visitors. As the crowd of visitors increased unceasingly,

and the inhabitants of the large cities of Egypt began to come, some man, greedy of gain, built a caravanserai

to lodge the guests and their servants, camels, and mules. Soon there was, in front of the column, a market to

which the fishermen of the Nile brought their fish, and the gardeners their vegetables. A barber, who shaved

people in the open air, amused the crowd with his jokes. The old temple, so long given over to silence and

solitude was filled with countless sights and sounds of life. The innkeepers turned the subterranean vaults

into cellars and nailed on the old pillars signs surmounted by the figure of the holy Paphnutius, and bearing

this inscription in Greek and Egyptian"Pomegranate wine, fig wine, and genuine Cilician beer sold here."

On the walls, sculptured with pure and graceful carvings, the shopkeepers hung ropes of onions, and

smoked fish, dead hares, and the carcases of sheep. In the evening, the old occupants of the ruins, the rats,

scuttled in a long row to the river, whilst the ibises, suspiciously craning their necks, perched on the high

cornices, to which rose the smoke of the kitchens, the shouts of the drinkers, and the cries of the tapsters. All

around, builders laid out streets, and masons constructed convents, chapels, and churches. By the end of six

months a city was established with a guardhouse, a tribunal, a prison, and a school, kept by an old blind

The pilgrims were innumerable. Bishops and other Church dignitaries, came, full of admiration. The

Patriarch of Antioch, who chanced to be in Egypt at that time, came with all his clergy. He highly approved

of the extraordinary conduct of the stylite, and the heads of the Libyan Church followed, in the absence of

Athanasius, the opinion of the Patriarch. Having learned which, Abbots Ephrem and Serapion came to the

"Know, my brothers, that the penance I endure is barely equal to the temptations which are sent me, the

number and force of which astound me. A man, viewed externally, is but small, and, from the height of the

pillar to which God has called me, I see human beings moving about like ants. But, considered internally,

man is immense; he is as large as the world, for he contains it. All that is spread before methese

monasteries, these inns, the boats on the river, the villages, and what I see in the distance of fields, canals,

sand, and mountainsis nothing in respect to what is in me. I carry in my heart countless cities and

illimitable deserts. And evilevil and deathspread over this immensity, cover them all, as night covers the

The seventh month, there came from Alexandria, Bubastis and Sais, women who had long been barren,

hoping to obtain children by the intercession of the holy man and the virtues of his pillar. They rubbed their

sterile bodies against the stone. There followed a procession, as far as the eye could reach, of chariots,

palanquins, and litters, which stopped and pushed and jostled below the man of God. From them came sick

people terrible to see. Mothers brought to Paphnutius young boys whose limbs were twisted, their eyes

starting, their mouth foaming, their voices hoarse. He laid his hands upon them. Blind men approached,

groping with their hands, and raising towards him a face pierced with two bleeding holes. Paralytics

displayed before him the heavy immobility, the deadly emaciation, and the hideous contractions of their

limbs; lame men showed him their club feet; women with cancer, holding their bosoms with both hands,

uncovered before him their breasts devoured by the invisible vulture. Dropsical women, swollen like wine

skins were placed on the ground before him. He blessed them. Nubians, afflicted with elephantiasis, advanced

with heavy steps and looked at him with streaming eyes and expressionless countenances. He made the sign

of the cross over them. A young girl of Aphroditopolis was brought to him on a litter; after having vomited

blood, she had slept for three days. She looked like a waxen image, and her parents, who thought she was

dead, had placed a palm leaf on her breast. Paphnutius having prayed to God, the young girl raised her head

As the people reported everywhere the miracles which the saint had performed, unfortunate persons afflicted

with that disease which the Greeks call "the divine malady," came from all parts of Egypt in incalculable

legions. As soon as they saw the pillar, they were seized with convulsions, rolled on the ground, writhed, and

twisted themselves into a ball. Andthough it is hardly to be believedthe persons present were in their

turn seized with a violent delirium, and imitated the contortions of the epileptics. Monks and pilgrims, men

and women, wallowed and struggled pellmell, their limbs twisted, foaming at the mouth, eating handfuls of

earth and prophesying. And Paphnutius at the top of his pillar felt a thrill of horror pass through him, and

"I am the scapegoat, and I take upon me all the impurities of these people, and that is why, Lord, my body is

Every time that a sick person went away healed, the people applauded, carried him in triumph, and ceased not

Hundreds of crutches already hung round the wonderful column; grateful women suspended wreaths and

votive images there. Some of the Greeks inscribed distiches, and as every pilgrim carved his name, the stone

was soon covered as high as a man could reach with an infinity of Latin, Greek, Coptic, Punic, Hebrew,

When the feast of Easter came there was such an affluence of people to this city of miracles that old men

thought that the days of the ancient mysteries had returned. All sorts of people, in all sorts of costumes, were

to be seen there; the striped robes of the Egyptians, the burnoose of the Arabs, the white drawers of the

Nubians, the short cloak of the Greeks, the long toga of the Romans, the scarlet breeches of the barbarians,

the goldspangled robes of the courtesans. A veiled woman would pass on an ass, preceded by black

eunuchs, who cleared a passage for her by the free use of their sticks. Acrobats, having spread a carpet on the

ground, juggled and performed skilful tricks before a circle of silent spectators. Snakecharmers unrolled

their living girdles. A glittering, dusty, noisy, chattering crowd! The curses of the cameldrivers beating the

animals; the cries of the hawkers who sold amulets against leprosy and the evil eye; the psalmody of the

monks reciting verses of the Bible; the shrieking of the women who were prophesying; the shouting of the

beggars singing old songs of the harem; the bleating of sheep; the braying of asses; the sailors calling tardy

passengers; all these confused noises caused a deafening uproar, over which dominated the strident voices of

And all these human beings stifled under the white sky, in a heavy atmosphere laden with the perfumes of

women, the odour of negroes, the fumes of cooking and the smoke of gums, which the devotees bought of the

When night came, fires, torches, and lanterns were lighted everywhere, and nothing was to be seen but red

shadows and black shapes. Standing amidst a circle of squatting listeners, an old man, his face lighted by a

smoky lamp, related how, formerly, Bitiou had enchanted his heart, torn it from his breast, placed it in an

acacia, and then transformed himself into a tree. He made gestures, which his shadow repeated with absurd

exaggerations, and the audience uttered cries of admiration. In the taverns, the drinkers, lying on couches,

called for beer and wine. Dancing girls, with painted eyes and bare stomachs, performed before them

religious or lascivious scenes. In retired corners, young men played dice or other games, and old men

followed prostitutes. Above all these rose the solitary, unchanging column; the head with the cow's horns

gazed into the shadow, and above it Paphnutius watched between heaven and earth. All at once the moon rose

over the Nile, like the bare shoulder of a goddess. The hills gleamed with blue light, and Paphnutius thought

he saw the body of Thais shinning in the glimmer of the waters amidst the sapphire night.

The days passed, and the saint still lived on his pillar. When the rainy season came, the waters of heaven,

filtering through the cracks in the roof, wetted his body; his stiff limbs were incapable of movement.

Scorched by the sun, and reddened by the dew, his skin broke; large ulcers devoured his arms and legs. But

"It is not enough, great God! More temptations! More unclean thoughts! More horrible desires! Lord, lay

upon me all the lusts of men, that I may expiate them all! Though it is false that the Greek bitch took upon

herself all the sins of the world, as I heard an impostor once declare, yet there is a hidden meaning in the

fable, the truth of which I now recognise. For it is true that the sins of the people enter the soul of the saints,

and are lost there as in a well. Thus it is that the souls of the just are polluted with more filth than is ever

found in the soul of the sinner. And, for that reason, I praise Thee, O my God, for having made me the

One day, a rumour ran through the holy city, and even reached the ears of the hermit: a very great personage,

a man occupying a high position, the Prefect of the Alexandrian fleet, Lucius Aurelius Cotta, was about to

The news was true. Old Cotta, who was inspecting the canals and the navigation of the Nile, had many times

expressed a desire to see the stylite and the new city, to which the name of Stylopolis had been given. The

Stylopolitans saw the river covered with sails one morning. Cotta appeared on board a golden galley hung

with purple, and followed by all his fleet. He landed, and advanced, accompanied by a secretary carrying his

A numerous suite walked behind him, and the shore was covered with laticlaves[*] and military uniforms. He

stopped, some paces from the column, and began to examine the stylite, wiping his face meanwhile with the

skirt of his toga. Being of a naturally curious disposition, he had observed many things in the course of his

long voyages. He liked to remember them, and intended to write, after he had finished his Punic history, a

book on the remarkable things he had witnessed. He seemed much interested by the spectacle before him.

[*] The laticlave was a toga, with a broad purple band, worn by Roman senators as the distinguishing mark of

"This is very curious!" he said, puffing and blowing. "Andwhich is a circumstance worthy of being

recordedthis man was my guest. Yes, this monk supped with me last year, after which he carried off an

"Note that, my son, on my tablets; also the dimensions of the column, not omitting the shape of the top of it."

"Persons deserving of belief have assured me that this monk has not left his column for a single moment

"That which is possible to a lunatic or a sick man," replied Aristaeus, "would be impossible to a man sound in

body and mind. Do you know, Lucius, that sometimes diseases of the mind or body give to those afflicted by

them a strength which healthy men do not possess? For, as a matter of fact, there is no such thing as good

health or bad health. There are only different conditions of the organs. Having studied what are called

maladies, I have come to consider them as necessary forms of life. I take pleasure in studying them in order

to be able to conquer them. Some of them are worthy of admiration, and conceal, under apparent disorder,

profound harmonies; for instance, a quartan fever is certainly a very pretty thing! Sometimes certain

affections of the body cause a rapid augmentation of the faculties of the mind. You know Creon? When he

was a child, he stuttered and was stupid. But, having cracked his skull by tumbling off a ladder, he became an

able lawyer, as you are aware. This monk must be affected in some hidden organ. Moreover, this kind of

existence is not so extraordinary as it appears to you, Lucius. I may remind you that the gymnosophists of

India can remain motionless, not merely for a year, but during twenty, thirty, or forty years."

"By Jupiter!" cried Cotta, "that is a strange madness. For man was born to move and act, and idleness is an

unpardonable crime, because it is an injury to the State. I do not know of any religion in which such an

objectionable practice is permitted, though it possibly may be in some of the Asiatic creeds. When I was

Governor of Syria, I found phalli erected in the porches at the city of Hera. A man ascended, twice a year,

and remained there for a week. The people believed that this man talked with the gods, and interceded with

them for the prosperity of Syria. The custom appeared senseless to me; nevertheless I did nothing to put it

down. For I consider that a functionary ought not to interfere with the manners and customs of the people, but

on the contrary, to see that they are preserved. It is not the business of the government to force a religion on a

people, but to maintain that which exists, which, whether good or bad, has been regulated by the spirit of the

time, the place, and the race. If it endeavours to put down a religion, it proclaims itself revolutionary in its

spirit, and tyrannical in its acts, and is justly detested. Besides, how are you to raise yourself above the

superstitions of the vulgar, except by understanding them and tolerating them? Aristaeus, I am of opinion that

I should leave this nephelococcygian[*] in the air, exposed only to the indignities the birds shower on him. I

should not gain anything by having him pulled down, but I should by taking note of his thoughts and beliefs."

[*] Nephelococcygia, the cloudcity built by the cuckoos, in the Birds of Aristophanes.

"My child, note down that, amongst certain sects of Christians, it is considered praiseworthy to carry off

courtesans and live upon columns. You may add that these customs are evidence of the worship of genetic

Then, raising his head, and shading his eyes with his hand, to keep off the sun, he shouted

"Hallo, Paphnutius! If you remember that you were once my guest, answer me. What are you doing up there?

Why did you go up, and why do you stay there? Has this column any phallic signification in your mind?"

Paphnutius, considering Cotta as nothing but an idolater, did not deign to reply. But his disciple, Flavian,

"Illustrious Sir, this holy man takes the sins of the world upon him, and cures diseases."

"By Jupiter! Do you hear, Aristaeus?" cried Cotta. "This nephelo coccygian practises medicine, like you.

"It is very possible that he may cure certain diseases better than I can; such, for instance, as epilepsy, vulgarly

called the divine malady, although all maladies are equally divine, for they all come from the gods. But the

cause of this disease lies, partly, in the imagination, and you must confess, Lucius, that this monk, perched up

on the head of a goddess, strikes the minds of the sick people more forcibly than I, bending over my mortars

and phials in my laboratory, could ever do. There are forces, Lucius, infinitely more powerful than reason and

"I have rarely seen a more curious sight," continued Cotta, "and I hope that some day an able writer will

relate the foundation of Stylopolis. But even the most extraordinary spectacles should not keep, longer than is

befitting, a serious and busy man from his work. Let us go and inspect the canals. Farewell, good Paphnutius!

or rather, till our next meeting! If ever you should come down to earth again, and revisit Alexandria, do not

These words, heard by all present, passed from mouth to mouth, and being repeated by the believers, added

greatly to the reputation of Paphnutius. Pious minds amplified and transformed them, and it was stated that

Paphnutius, from the top of his pillar, had converted the Prefect of the Fleet to the faith of the apostles and the

Nicaean fathers. The believers found a figurative meaning in the last words uttered by Aurelius Cotta; to

them, the supper to which this important personage had invited the ascetic, was a holy communion, a spiritual

repast, a celestial banquet. The story of this meeting was embroidered with wonderful details, which those

who invented were the first to believe. It was said that when Cotta, after a long argument, had embraced the

truth, an angel had come from heaven to wipe the sweat from his brow. The physician and secretary of the

Prefect of the Fleet had also, it was asserted, been converted at the same time. And, the miracle being public

and notorious, the deacons of the principal churches of Libya recorded it amongst the authentic facts. After

that, it could be said, without any exaggeration, that the whole world was seized with a desire to see

Paphnutius, and that, in the West as well as the East, all Christians turned their astonished eyes towards him.

The most celebrated cities of Italy sent deputations to him, and the Roman Caesar, the divine Constantine

who favoured the Christian religion, wrote him a letter which the legates brought to him with great ceremony.

But one night, whilst the budding city at his feet slept in the dew, he heard a voice, which said

"Paphnutius, thou art become celebrated by thy works and powerful by thy word. God has raised thee up for

His glory. He has chosen thee to work miracles, heal the sick, convert the Pagans, enlighten sinners,

"Arise, Paphnutius, and go seek in his palace the impious Constans, who, far from imitating the wisdom of

his brother, Constantine, inclines to the errors of Arius and Marcus. Go! The bronze gates shall fly open

before thee, and thy sandals shall resound on the golden floor of the basilica before the throne of the Caesars,

and thy awe inspiring voice shall change the heart of the son of Constantinus. Thou shalt reign over a

peaceful and powerful Church. And, even as the soul directs the body, so shall the Church govern the empire.

Thou shalt be placed above senators, comites, and patricians. Thou shalt repress the greed of the people, and

check the boldness of the barbarians. Old Cotta, knowing that thou art the head of the government, will seek

the honour of washing thy feet. At thy death thy cilicium shall be taken to the patriarch of Alexandria, and the

And making an effort to stand up, he prepared to descend. But the voice, divining his intention, said

"Above all, descend not by the ladder. That would be to act like an ordinary man, and to be unconscious of

the gifts that are in thee. A great saint, like thee, ought to fly through the air. Leap! the angels are there to

Extending his long arms like the ragged wings of a huge sick bird, he was about to throw himself down,

"Ah? ah!" screamed the voice, "we are yet but at the beginning of our friendship; thou wilt some day be better

acquainted with me. My friend, it was I who caused thee to ascend here, and I ought to be satisfied at the

docility with which thou hast accomplished my wishes. Paphnutius, I am pleased with thee."

"Avaunt, avaunt! I know thee now; thou art he who carried Jesus to a pinnacle of the temple, and showed him

"Why did I not know this sooner?" he thought. "More wretched than the blind, deaf, and paralysed who trust

in me, I have lost all knowledge of things supernatural, and am more depraved than the maniacs who eat earth

and approach dead bodies. I can no longer distinguish between the clamours of hell and the voices of heaven.

I have lost even the intuition of the newborn child, who cries when its nurse's breast is taken from it, of the

dog that scents out its master's footsteps, of the plant that turns towards the sun. I am the laughingstock of

the devils. So, then, it is Satan who led me here. When he elevated me on this pedestal, lust and pride

mounted with me. It is not the magnitude of my temptations which terrifies me. Anthony, on his mountain,

suffers the same. I wish that all their swords may pierce my flesh, before the eyes of the angels. I have even

learned to like my sufferings. But God does not speak to me, and His silence astonishes me. He has left

meand I had but Him to look to. He leaves me alone in the horror of His absence. He flies from me. I will

follow after Him. This stone burns my feet. Let me leave quickly, and come up with God."

With that he seized the ladder which stood against the column, put his feet on it, and having descended a

rung, found himself face to face with the monster's head; she smiled strangely. He was certain then that what

he had taken for the site of his rest and glory, was but the diabolical instrument of his trouble and damnation.

He hastily descended and touched the soil. His feet had forgotten their use, and he reeled. But, feeling on him

the shadow of the cursed column, he forced himself to run. All slept. He traversed, without being seen, the

great square surrounded by wineshops, inns, and caravanserias, and threw himself into a bystreet which led

towards the Libyan Hills. A dog pursued him, barking, and stopped only at the edge of the desert. Paphnutius

went through a country where there was no road but the trail of wild beasts. Leaving behind him the huts

abandoned by the coiners, he continued all night and all day his solitary flight.

At last, almost ready to expire with hunger, thirst, and fatigue, and not knowing if God was still far from him,

he came to a silent city which extended from right to left, and stretched away till it was lost in the blue

horizon. The buildings, which were widely separated and like each other, resembled pyramids cut off at half

their height. They were tombs. The doors were broken, and in the shadow of the chambers could be seen the

gleaming eyes of hyaenas and wolves who brought forth their young there, whilst the dead bodies lay on the

threshold, despoiled by robbers, and gnawed by the wild beasts. Having passed through this funeral city,

Paphnutius fell exhausted before a tomb which stood near a spring surrounded by palm trees. This tomb was

much ornamented, and, as there was no door to it, he saw inside it a painted chamber, in which serpents bred.

"Here," he sighed, "is the abode I have chosen; the tabernacle of my repentance and penitence."

He dragged himself to it, drove out the reptiles with his feet, and remained prostrate on the stone floor for

eighteen hours, at the end of which time he went to the spring, and drank out of his hand. Then he plucked

some dates and some stalks of lotus, the seeds of which he ate. Thinking this kind of life was good, he made

it the rule of his existence. From morning to night he never lifted his forehead from the stone.

Then, raising his head, he saw, on the walls of the chamber, paintings which represented lively and domestic

scenes. They were of very old work, and marvellously lifelike. There were cooks who blew the fire, with

their cheeks all puffed out; others plucked geese, or cooked quarters of sheep in stewpans. A little farther, a

hunter carried on his shoulders a gazelle pierced with arrows. In one place, peasants were sowing, reaping, or

gathering. In another, women danced to the sounds of viols, flutes, and harp. A young girl played the theorbo.

The lotus flower shone in her hair, which was neatly braided. Her transparent dress let the pure forms of her

body be seen. Her bosom and mouth were perfect. The face was turned in profile, and the beautiful eye

looked straight before her. The whole figure was exquisite. Paphnutius having examined it, lowered his eyes,

"Why dost thou command me to look at these images? No doubt they represent the terrestrial life of the

idolater whose body rests here, under my feet, at the bottom of a well, in a coffin of black basalt. They recall

the life of a dead man, and are, despite their bright colours, the shadows of a shadow. The life of a dead man!

"He is dead, but he lived," replied the voice; "and thou wilt die, and wilt not have lived."

From that day, Paphnutius had not a moment's rest. The voice spoke to him incessantly. The girl with the

theorbo looked fixedly at him from underneath the long lashes of her eye. At last she also spoke

"Look. I am mysterious and beautiful. Love me. Exhaust in my arms the love which torments you. What use

is it to fear me? You cannot escape me; I am the beauty of woman. Whither do you think to fly from me,

senseless fool? You will find my likeness in the radiancy of flowers, and in the grace of the palm trees, in the

flight of pigeons, in the bounds of the gazelle, in the rippling of brooks, in the soft light of the moon, and if

you close your eyes, you will find me within yourself. It is a thousand years since the man who sleeps here,

swathed in linen, in a bed of black stone, pressed me to his heart. It is a thousand years since he received the

last kiss from my mouth, and his sleep is yet redolent with it. You know me well, Paphnutius. How is it you

have not recognised me? I am one of the innumerable incarnations of Thais. You are a learned monk, and

well skilled in the knowledge of things. You have travelled, and it is by travel a man learns the most. Often a

day passed abroad will show more novelties than ten years passed at home. You have heard that Thais lived

formerly in Argos, under the name of Helen. She had another existence in Thebes Hecatompyle. And I was

Thais of Thebes. How is it you have not guessed it? I took, when I was alive, a large share in the sins of this

world, and now reduced here to the condition of a shadow, I am still quite capable of taking your sins upon

me, beloved monk. Whence comes your surprise? It was certain that, wherever you went, you would find

He struck his forehead against the pavement, and uttered a cry of terror. And every night the player of the

theorbo left the wall, approached him, and spoke in a clear voice mingled with soft breathing. And as the holy

"Love me; yield, friend. As long as you resist me I shall torment you. You do not know what the patience of a

dead woman is. I shall wait, if necessary, till you are dead. Being a sorceress, I shall put into your lifeless

body a spirit who will reanimate it, and who will not refuse me what I have asked in vain of you. And think,

Paphnutius, what a strange situation when your blessed soul sees, from the height of heaven, its own body

given up to sin. God, who has promised to return you this body after the day of judgment and the end of time,

will Himself be much puzzled. How can He place in celestial glory a human form inhabited by a devil, and

guarded by a sorceress? You have not thought of that difficulty. Nor God either, perhaps. Between ourselves,

He is not very knowing. Any ordinary magician can easily deceive Him, and if He had not His thunder, and

the cataracts of heaven, the village urchins would pull His beard. He has certainly not as much sense as the

old serpent, His adversary. He, indeed, is a wonderful artist. If I am so beautiful, it is because he adorned me

with all my attractions. It was he who taught me how to braid my hair, and to make for myself rosy fingers

with agate nails. You have misunderstood him. When you came to live in this tomb, you drove out with your

feet the serpents which were here, without troubling yourself to know whether they were of his family, and

you crushed their eggs. I am afraid, my poor friend, you will have a troublesome business on your hands. You

were warned, however, that he was a musician and a lover. What have you done? You have quarrelled with

science and beauty. You are altogether miserable, and Iaveh does not come to your help. It is not probable

that he will come. Being as great as all things, he cannot move for want of space, and if, by an impossibility,

he made the least movement, all creation would be pushed out of place. My handsome hermit, give me a

Paphnutius was aware that great prodigies are performed by magic arts. He thoughtnot without much

"Perhaps the dead man buried at my feet knows the words written in that mysterious book which exists

hidden, not far from here, at the bottom of a royal tomb. By virtue of these words, the dead, taking the form

His chief fear was that the girl with the theorbo and the dead man might come together, as they did in their

lifetime, and that he should see them unite. Sometimes he thought he heard the sound of kissing.

He was troubled in his mind, and now, in the absence of God he feared to think as much as to feel. One

evening, when he was kneeling prostrate according to his custom, an unknown voice said to him

"Paphnutius, there are on earth more people than you imagine, and if I were to show you what I have seen,

you would die of astonishment. There are men with a single eye in the middle of their forehead. There are

men who have but one leg, and advance by jumps. There are men who change their sex, and the females

become males. There are mentrees, who shoot out roots in the ground. And there are men with no head,

with two eyes, a nose, and a mouth in their breast. Can you honestly believe that Jesus Christ died for the

Another time he had a vision. He saw, in a strong light, a broad road, rivulets, and gardens. On the road,

Aristobulus and Chereas passed at a gallop on their Syrian horses, and the joyous ardour of the race reddened

the cheeks of the two young men. Beneath a portico, Callicrates recited his verses; satisfied pride trembled in

his voice and shone in his eyes. In the garden, Zenothemis picked apples of gold, and caressed a serpent with

azure wings. Clad in white, and wearing a shining mitre, Hermodorus meditated beneath a sacred persea,

which bore, instead of flowers, small heads of pure profile, wearing, like the Egyptian goddesses, vultures,

hawks, or the shining disk of the moon; whilst in the background, by the side of a fountain, Nicias studied, on

Then a veiled woman approached the monk, holding in her hand a branch of myrtle. She said to him

"Look! Some seek eternal beauty, and place their ephemeral life in the infinite. Others live without much

thought. But by that alone they submit to fair Nature, and they are happy and beautiful in the joy of living

only, and give glory to the supreme artist of all things; for man is a noble hymn to God. All think that

happiness is innocent, and that pleasure is permitted to man. Paphnutius, if they are right, what a dupe you

Thus was Paphnutius tempted unceasingly in body and mind. Satan never gave him a minute's repose. The

solitude of the tomb was more peopled than the streets of a great city. The devils shouted with laughter, and

millions of imps, evil genii, and phantoms imitated all the ordinary transactions of life. In the evening, when

he went to the spring, satyrs and nymphs capered round him, and tried to drag him into their lascivious

dances. The demons no longer feared him. They loaded him with insults, obscene jests, and blows. One day a

And he resolved to work with his hands, in order to give his mind that rest of which it had need. Near the

spring, some banana trees, with large leaves, grew under the shade of the palms. He cut the stalks, and carried

them to the tomb. He crushed them with a stone, and reduced them to fibres, as he had seen ropemakers do.

For he intended to make a cord, to replace that which the devil had stolen. The demons were somewhat

displeased at this; they ceased their clamour, and the girl with the theorbo no longer continued her magic arts,

but remained quietly on the wall. The courage and faith of Paphnutius increased whilst he pounded the

"With Heaven's help," he said to himself, "I shall subdue the flesh. As to my soul, its confidence is still

unshaken. In vain do the devils, and that accursed woman, try to instil into my mind doubts as to the nature of

God. I will reply to them, by the mouth of the Apostle John, 'In the beginning was the Word, and the Word

was God.' That I firmly believe, and that which I believe is absurd, I believe still more firmly. In fact it

should be absurd. If it were not so, I should not believe; I should know. And it is not that which we know

He exposed the separated fibres to the sun and the dew, and every morning he took care to turn them, to

prevent them rotting; and he rejoiced to find that he had become as simple as a child. When he had twisted

his cord, he cut reeds to make mats and baskets. The sepulchral chamber resembled a basketmaker's

workshop, and Paphnutius could pass without difficulty from work to prayer. Yet still God was not merciful

to him, for one night he was awakened by a voice which froze him with horror, for he guessed that it was the

Paphnutius suddenly perceived that his cheek rested on a woman's breast. He recognised the player of the

theorbo, who, partly relieved of his weight, raised her breast. He clung tightly to the sweet, warm, perfumed

But she was already standing on the threshold. She laughed, and her smile gleamed in the silver rays of the

"Why should I stay?" she said. "The shadow of a shadow is enough for a lover endowed with such a lively

Paphnutius wept in the night, and when the dawn came, he murmured a prayer that was a meek complaint

"Jesus, my Jesus, why hast Thou forsaken me! Thou seest the danger in which I am. Come, and help me,

sweet Saviour. Since Thy Father no longer loves me, and does not hear me, remember that I have but Thee.

From Him nothing is to be hoped; I cannot comprehend Him, and He cannot pity me. But Thou was born of a

woman, and that is why I trust in Thee. Remember that Thou wast a man. I pray to Thee, not because Thou

art God of God, Light of light, very God of very God, but because Thou hast lived poor and humble on this

earth where now I suffer, because Satan has tempted Thy flesh, because the sweat of agony has bedewed Thy

When he had thus prayed, wringing his hands, a terrible peal of laughter shook the walls of the tomb, and the

"That is a prayer worthy of the breviary of Marcus, the heretic. Paphnutius is an Arian! Paphnutius is an

When he reopened his eyes, he saw around him monks wearing black hoods, who poured water on his

temples, and recited exorcisms. Many others were standing outside, carrying palm leaves.

"As we passed through the desert," said one of them, "we heard cries issuing from this tomb, and, having

entered, we found you lying unconscious on the floor. Doubtless the devils had thrown you down, and had

"Who are you, my brothers? And why do you carry palms in your hands? Is it for my burial?"

"Brother, do you not know that our father, Anthony, now a hundred and five years old, having been warned

of his approaching end, has come down from Mount Colzin, to which he had retired, to bless his numerous

spiritual children? We are going with palm leaves to greet our holy father. But how is it, brother, that you are

ignorant of such a great event? Can it be possible that no angel came to this tomb to inform you?"

"Alas!" replied Paphnutius, "I am not worthy of such a favour, and the only denizens of this abode are

demons and vampires. Pray for me. I am Paphnutius, Abbot of Antinoe, the most wretched of the servants of

At the name of Paphnutius, all waved their palm leaves and murmured his praises. The monk who had

"Can it be that thou art that holy Paphnutius, celebrated for so many works that it was supposed he would

some day equal the great Anthony himself? Most venerable, it was thou who convertedst to God the

courtesan, Thais, and who, raised upon a high column, was carried away by the seraphs. Those who watched

by night, at the foot of the pillar, saw thy blessed assumption. The wings of the angels encircled thee in a

white cloud, and with thy right hand extended thou didst bless the dwellings of man. The next day, when the

people saw thou wert no longer there, a long groan rose to the summit of the discrowned pillar. But Flavian,

thy disciple, reported the miracle, and took thy place as the head. But a foolish man, of the name of Paul,

tried to contradict the general opinion. He asserted that he had seen thee, in a dream, carried away by the

devils; the people wanted to stone him, and it was a miracle that he escaped death. I am Zozimus, abbot of

these solitary monks whom thou seest prostrate at thy feet. Like them, I kneel before thee, that thou mayest

bless the father with the children. Then thou shalt relate to us the marvels which God has deigned to

"Far from having favoured me as thou believest," replied Paphnutius, "the Lord has tried me with terrible

temptations. I was not carried away by angels. But a shadowy wall is raised in front of my eyes, and moves

before me. I have lived in a dream. Without God all is a dream. When I made my journey to Alexandria, I

heard, in a short space of time, many discourses, and I learned that the army of errors was innumerable. It

"Venerable father, we must remember that the saints, and especially the solitary saints, undergo terrible trials.

If thou wast not carried to heaven by the seraphs, it is certain that the Lord granted that favour to thy image,

"Brother Zozimus," he said, "give me one of these palm leaves, and let us go and meet our father."

"Let us go," replied Zozimus; "military order is most befitting for monks, who are God's soldiers. Thou and I,

being abbots, will march in front, and the others shall follow us, singing psalms."

"God is unity, for He is the truth, which is one. The world is many, because it is error. We should turn away

from all the sights of nature, even those which appear the most innocent. Their diversity renders them

pleasant, which is a sign that they are evil. For that reason, I cannot see a tuft of papyrus by the side of still

waters without my soul being imbued with melancholy. All things that the senses perceive are detestable. The

least grain of sand brings danger. Everything tempts us. Woman is but a combination of all the temptations

scattered in the thin air, on the flowering earth, in the clear waters. Happy is he whose soul is a sealed vase!

Happy is he who knows how to be deaf, dumb, and blind, and who knows nothing of the world, in order that

"Venerable father, it is fitting that I should avow my sins to thee, since thou hast shown me thy soul. Thus we

shall confess to each other, according to the apostolic custom. Before I was a monk, I led an abominable life.

At Madaura, a city celebrated for its courtesans, I sought out all kinds of worldly love. Every night I supped

in company with young debauchees and female flute players, and I took home with me the one who pleased

me the best. A saint like thee could never imagine to what a pitch the fury of my desires carried me. Suffice it

to say that it spared neither matrons nor nuns, and spread adultery and sacrilege everywhere. I excited my

senses with wine, and was justly known as the heaviest drinker in Madaura. Yet I was a Christian, and, in all

my follies, kept my faith in Jesus crucified. Having devoured my substance in riotous living, I was beginning

to feel the first attacks of poverty, when I saw one of my companions in pleasure suddenly struck with a

terrible disease. His knees could not sustain him; his twitching hands refused to obey him; his glazed eyes

closed. Only horrible groans came from his breast. His mind, heavier than his body, slumbered. To punish

him for having lived like a beast, God had changed him into a beast. The loss of my property had already

inspired me with salutary reflections, but the example of my friend was of yet greater efficacy; it made such

an impression on my heart that I quitted the world and retired into the desert. There I have enjoyed for twenty

years a peace that nothing has troubled. I work with my monks as weaver, architect, carpenter, and even as

scribe, though, to say the truth, I have little taste for writing, having always preferred action to thought. My

days are full of joy, and my nights without dreams, and I believe that the grace of the Lord is in me, because,

"Lord, Thou lookest with kindness upon this man polluted by adultery, sacrilege, and so many crimes, and

Thou turnest away from me, who have always kept Thy commandments! How inscrutable is Thy justice, O

"Look, venerable father! On both sides of the horizon are long, black files that look like emigrant ants. They

When they came to the place of meeting, they saw a magnificent spectacle. The army of monks extended, in

three ranks, in an immense semicircle. In the first rank stood the old hermits of the desert, cross in hand, and

with long beards that almost touched the ground. The monks, governed by the abbots Ephrem and Serapion,

and also all the cenobites of the Nile, formed the second line. Behind them appeared the ascetics, who had

come from their distant rocks. Some wore, on their blackened and driedup bodies, shapeless rags; others had

for their only clothes, bundles of reeds held together by withies. Many of them were naked, but God had

covered them with a fell of hair as thick as a sheep's fleece. All held branches of palm; they looked like an

emerald rainbow, or they might have been also compared to the host of the electthe living walls of the city

Such perfect order reigned in the assembly, that Paphnutius found, without difficulty, the monks he governed.

He placed himself near them, after having taken care to hide his face under his hood, that he might remain

unknown, and not disturb them in their pious expectation. Suddenly, an immense shout arose

"The saint!" they all cried. "The saint! Behold the great saint, against whom hell has not prevailed, the

From the summit of a dune, in the vast void space, Anthony advanced, supported by his beloved disciples,

Macarius and Amathas. He walked slowly, but his figure was still upright, and showed the remains of a

superhuman strength. His white beard spread over his broad chest, his polished skull reflected the rays of

sunlight like the forehead of Moses. The keen gaze of the eagle was in his eyes; the smile of a child shone on

his round cheek. To bless his people, he raised his arms, tired by a century of marvellous works, and his voice

Immediately, from one end to the other of the living wall, like a peal of harmonious thunder, the psalm,

Accompanied by Macarius and Amathas, Anthony passed along the ranks of the old hermits, anchorites, and

cenobites. This seer, who had beheld heaven and hell; this hermit, who from a cave in the rock, governed the

Christian Church; this saint, who had sustained the faith of the martyrs; this scholar, whose eloquence had

paralysed the heretics, spoke tenderly to each of his sons, and bade them a kindly farewell, on the eve of the

"You command large armies, and you are both great generals. Therefore, you shall put on in heaven an

armour of gold, and the Archangel Michael shall give you the title of kiliarchs of his hosts."

"Behold, the kindest and best of all my children. His soul exhales a perfume as sweet as the flower of the

"Thou hast never mistrusted divine goodness, and therefore the peace of the Lord is in thee. The lily of thy

"The apostle saw, round the throne of God, eighty old men seated, clad in white robes, and wearing crowns

Thus he passed along the front of his filial army, exhorting and comforting. Paphnutius, seeing him approach,

"My father! my father!" he cried in his agony. "My father! come to my help, for I perish. I have given to God

the soul of Thais; I have lived upon the top of a column, and in the chamber of a tomb. My forehead,

unceasingly in the dust, has become horny as a camel's knee. And yet God has gone from me. Bless me, my

father, and I shall be saved; shake the hyssop, and I shall be washed, and I shall shine as the snow."

Anthony did not reply. He turned to the monks of Antinoe those eyes whose looks no man could sustain. He

gazed for a long time at Paul, called the Fool; then he made a sign to him to approach. And, as all were

astonished that the saint should address himself to a man who was not in his senses, Anthony said

"God has granted to him more grace than to any of you. Lift thy eyes, my son Paul, and tell me what thou

"I see in heaven," he said, "a bed adorned with hangings of purple and gold. Around it three virgins keep

constant watch that no soul may approach it, except the chosen one for whom the bed is prepared."

Believing that this bed was the symbol of his glorification, Paphnutius had already begun to return thanks to

God. But Anthony made a sign to him to be silent, and to listen to the Fool, who murmured in his ecstasy

"The three virgins speak to me; they say unto me: 'A saint is about to quit the earth; Thais of Alexandria is

dying. And we have prepared the bed of her glory, for we are her virtuesFaith, Fear, and Love.' "

Paul gazed vacantly from the zenith to the nadir, and from west to east, when suddenly his eyes fell on the

Abbot of Antinoe. His face grew pale with a holy terror, and his eyeballs reflected invisible flames.

"I see," he murmured. "three demons, who, full of joy, prepare to seize that man. One of them is like unto a

tower, one to a woman, and one to a mage. All three bear their name, marked with redhot iron; the first on the

forehead, the second on the belly, the third on the breast, and those names arePride, Lust, and Doubt. I

Having spoken thus, Paul, with haggard eyes and hanging jaw, returned to his old simple ways.

And, as the monks of Antinoe looked anxiously at Anthony, the saint pronounced these words

He passed. He bestowed blessings as he went. The sun, now descended to the horizon, enveloped him in its

glory, and his shadow, immeasurably elongated by a miracle from heaven, unrolled itself behind him like an

endless carpet, as a sign of the long remembrance this great saint would leave amongst men.

Upright, but thunderstruck, Paphnutius saw and heard nothing more. One word alone rang in his ears, "Thais

is dying!" The thought had never occurred to him. Twenty years had he contemplated a mummy's head, and

yet the idea that death would close the eyes of Thais astonished him hopelessly.

"Thais is dying!" An incomprehensible saying! "Thais is dying!" In those three words what a new and terrible

sense! "Thais is dying!" Then why the sun, the flowers, the brooks, and all creation? "Thais is dying!" What

good was all the universe? Suddenly he sprang forward. "To see her again, to see her once more!" He began

to run. He knew not where he was, or whither he went, but instinct conducted him with unerring certainty; he

went straight to the Nile. A swarm of sails covered the upper waters of the river. He sprang on board a barque

manned by Nubians, and lying in the forepart of the boat, his eyes devouring space, he cried, in grief and

"Fool, fool, that I was, not to have possessed Thais whilst there was yet time! Fool to have believed that there

was anything else in the world but her! Oh, madness! I dreamed of God, of the salvation of my soul, of life

eternalas if all that counted for anything when I had seen Thais! Why did I not feel that blessed eternity

was in a single kiss of that woman, and that without her life was senseless, and no more than an evil dream?

Oh, stupid fool! thou hast seen her, and thou hast desired the good things of the other world! Oh, coward!

thou hast seen her, and thou hast feared God! God! heaven! what are they? And what have they to offer thee

which are worth the least tittle of that which she would have given thee? Oh, miserable, senseless fool, who

sought divine goodness elsewhere than on the lips of Thais! What hand was upon thy eyes? Cursed be he who

blinded thee then! Thou couldst have bought, at the price of thy damnation, one moment of her love, and thou

hast not done it! She opened to thee her armsflesh mingled with the perfume of flowersand thou wast

not engulfed in the unspeakable enchantments of her unveiled breast. Thou hast listened to the jealous voice

which said to thee, 'Refrain!' Dupe, dupe, miserable dupe! Oh, regrets! Oh, remorse! Oh, despair! Not to have

the joy to carry to hell the memory of that nevertobeforgotten hour, and to cry to God, 'Burn my flesh,

dry up all the blood in my veins, break all my bones, thou canst not take from me the remembrance which

sweetens and refreshes me for ever and ever!' . . . Thais is dying! Preposterous God, if thou knewest how I

And as the boat came down the river with the current, he remained whole days lying on his face, and

Then, at the idea that she had given herself to others, and not to him; that she had poured forth an ocean of

love, and he had not wetted his lips therein, he stood up, savagely wild, and howled with grief. He tore his

The idea of these murders filled him with delicious fury. He dreamed of killing Nicias slowly and leisurely,

looking him full in the eyes whilst he murdered him. Then suddenly his fury melted away. He wept, he

sobbed. He became feeble and meek. An unknown tenderness softened his soul. He longed to throw his arms

round the neck of the companion of his childhood and say to him, "Nicias, I love thee, because thou hast

loved her. Talk to me about her. Tell me what she said to thee." And still, without ceasing, the iron of that

"Light of day, silvery shadows of night stars, heavens, trees with trembling crests, savage beasts, domestic

animals, all the anxious souls of men, do you not hear? 'Thais is dying!' Disappear, ye lights, breezes, and

perfumes! Hide yourselves, ye shapes and thoughts of the universe! 'Thais is dying!' She was the beauty of

the world, and all that drew near to her grew fairer in the reflection of her grace. The old man and the sages

who sat near her, at the banquet at Alexandria, how pleasant they were, and how fascinating was their

conversation! A host of brilliant thoughts sprang to their lips, and all their ideas were steeped in pleasure.

And it was because the breath of Thais was on them that all they said was love, beauty, truth. A delightful

impiety lent its grace to their discourse. They thoroughly expressed all human splendour. Alas! all that is but

a dream. Thais is dying! Oh, how easy it will be to me to die of her death! But canst thou only die, withered

embryo, fetus steeped in gall and scalding tears? Miserable abortion, dost thou think thou canst taste death,

thou who hast never known life? If only God exists, that he may damn me. I hope for itI wish it. God, I

hate Theedost Thou hear? Overwhelm me with Thy damnation. To compel Thee to, I spit in Thy face. I

"Thou art welcome to our tabernacles of peace, venerable father, for no doubt, thou comest to bless the saint

thou hast given us. Thou knowest that God, in his mercy, has called her to Him; how couldst thou fail to

know tidings that the angels have carried from desert to desert? It is true that Thais is about to meet her

blessed death. Her labours are accomplished, and I ought to inform thee, in a few words, as to her conduct

whilst she was still amongst us. After thy departure, when she was confined in a cell sealed with thy seal, I

sent her, with her food, a flute, similar to those which girls of her profession play at banquets. I did that to

prevent her from falling into a melancholy mood, and that she should not show less skill and talent before

God than she had shown before men. In this I showed prudence and foresight, for all day long Thais praised

the Lord upon the flute, and the virgins, who were attracted by the sound of this invisible flute, said, 'We hear

the nightingale of the heavenly groves, the dying swan of Jesus crucified.' Thus did Thais perform her

penance, when, after sixty days, the door which thou hadst sealed opened of itself, and the clay seal was

broken without being touched by any human hand. By that sign I knew that the trial thou hadst imposed upon

her was at an end, and that God had pardoned the sins of the fluteplayer. From that time she has shared the

ordinary life of my nuns, working and praying with them. She was an example to them by the modesty of her

acts and words, and seemed like a statue of purity amongst them. Sometimes she was sad; but those clouds

soon passed. When I saw that she was really drawn towards God by faith, hope, and love, I did not hesitate to

employ her talent, and even her beauty, for the improvement of her sisters. I asked her to represent before us

the actions of the famous women and wise virgins of the Scriptures. She acted Esther, Deborah, Judith, Mary,

the sister of Lazarus, and Mary, the mother of Jesus. I know, venerable father, that thy austere mind is

alarmed at the idea of these performances. But thou thyself wouldest have been touched if thou hadst seen her

in these pious scenes, shedding real tears, and raising to heaven arms graceful as palm leaves. I have long

governed a community of women, and I make it a rule never to oppose their nature. All seeds give not the

same flowers. Not all souls are sanctified in the same way. It must also not be forgotten that Thais gave

herself to God whilst she was still beautiful, and such a sacrifice is, if not unexampled, at least very rare. This

beautyher natural vesturehas not left her during the three months' fever of which she is dying. As,

during her illness, she has incessantly asked to see the sky, I have her carried every morning into the

courtyard, near the well, under the old fig tree, in the shade of which the abbesses of this convent are

accustomed to hold their meetings. Thou wilt find her there, venerable father; but hasten, for God calls her,

and this night a shroud will cover that face which God made both to shame and to edify this world."

Paphnutius followed her into a courtyard flooded with the morning light. On the edge of the brick roofs, the

pigeons formed a string of pearls. On a bed, in the shade of the fig tree, Thais lay quite white, her arms

"Have mercy, upon me, O God, according to Thy loving kindness: according unto the multitude of Thy

She raised her eyelids, and turned the whites of her eyes in the direction of the voice.

"Is it thou, my father? . . . Dost thou remember the water of the spring, and the dates that we picked? . . . That

Death was upon her, and the sweat of the last agony bedewed her forehead. A pigeon broke the still silence

with its plaintive cooing. Then the sobs of the monk mingled with the psalms of the virgins.

"Wash me thoroughly from mine iniquity, and cleanse me from my sin. For I acknowledge my

Suddenly Thais sat up in the bed. Her violet eyes opened wide, and with a rapt gaze, her arms stretched

Her eyes shone; a slight flush suffused her face. She had revived, more sweet and more beautiful than ever.

"Do not die!" he cried, in a strange voice, which he himself did not recognise. "I love thee! Do not die!

Listen, my Thais. I have deceived thee? I was but a wretched fool. God, heavenall that is nothing. There is

nothing true but this worldly life, and the love of human beings. I love thee! Do not die! That would be

impossiblethou art too precious! Come, come with me! Let us fly? I will carry thee far away in my arms.

Come, let us love! Hear me, O my beloved, and say, 'I will live; I wish to live.' Thais, Thais, arise!"

"Heaven opens. I see the angels, the prophets, and the saints. . . . The good Theodore is amongst them, his

hands filled with flowers; he smiles on me and calls me. . . . Two angels come to me. They draw near. . . .

She uttered a joyful sigh, and her head fell back motionless on the pillow. Thais was dead.

Paphnutius held her in a last despairing embrace; his eyes devoured her with desire, rage, and love.

And she gently placed her fingers on the eyelids of the dead girl. Paphnutius staggered back, his eyes burning

Suddenly their voices stayed in their throat. They had seen the monk's face, and they fled in affright,

He had become so repulsive, that passing his hand over his face, he felt his own hideousness.