Title: AVESTA: Vendidad
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Author: Translated by James Darmesteter
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PDF Version: 1.2
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AVESTA: Vendidad
Translated by James Darmesteter
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Table of Contents
AVESTA: Vendidad...........................................................................................................................................1
Translated by James Darmesteter............................................................................................................1
FARGARD 1. Sixteen perfect lands created by Ahura Mazda, and as many plagues created by
Angra Mainyu. ........................................................................................................................................1
FARGARD 2. Myths of Yima ................................................................................................................4
FARGARD 3. The Earth .........................................................................................................................9
FARGARD 4. Contracts and offenses ..................................................................................................13
FARGARD 5. Purity laws ....................................................................................................................20
FARGARD 6. Purity laws ....................................................................................................................27
FARGARD 7. Purity laws ....................................................................................................................32
FARGARD 8. Purity laws ....................................................................................................................40
FARGARD 9. The Nine Nights' Barashnum. ........................................................................................53
FARGARD 10. Formulas recited during the process of cleansing ........................................................61
FARGARD 11. Special formulas for cleansing several objects ...........................................................64
FARGARD 12. The Upaman: how long it lasts for different relatives.................................................67
FARGARD 13. The Dog.......................................................................................................................71
FARGARD 14. Atoning for the murder of a waterdog ......................................................................78
FARGARD 15. Regarding certain sins and obligations .......................................................................80
FARGARD 16. Purity laws regarding menstruation ............................................................................85
FARGARD 17. Hair and nails ..............................................................................................................88
FARGARD 18.......................................................................................................................................89
FARGARD 19.......................................................................................................................................96
FARGARD 20. Thrita, the First Healer. ..............................................................................................103
FARGARD 21.....................................................................................................................................104
FARGARD 22. Angra Mainyu creates 99,999 diseases; Ahura Mazda counters with the Holy
Manthra and with Airyaman ...............................................................................................................107
AVESTA: Vendidad
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AVESTA: Vendidad
Translated by James Darmesteter
Fargard 1: Sixteen perfect lands created by Ahura Mazda, and as many plagues created by Angra Mainyu
Fargard 2: Myths of Yima
Fargard 3: The Earth
Fargard 4: Contracts and offenses
Fargard 5: Purity laws
Fargard 6: Purity laws
Fargard 7: Purity laws
Fargard 8: Purity laws
Fargard 9: The Nine Nights' Barashnum
Fargard 10: Formulas recited during the process of cleansing
Fargard 11: Special formulas for cleansing several objects
Fargard 12: The Upaman: how long it lasts for different relatives
Fargard 13: The dog
Fargard 14: Atoning for the murder of a waterdog
Fargard 15: Regarding certain sins and obligations
Fargard 16: Purity laws regarding menstruation
Fargard 17: Disposing of hair and nails
Fargard 18
Fargard 19
Fargard 20: Thrita and the origin of medicine
Fargard 21:
Fargard 22: Angra Mainyu creates 99,999 diseases; Ahura Mazda counters with the Holy Manthra and
with Airyaman
FARGARD 1. Sixteen perfect lands created by Ahura Mazda, and as
many plagues created by Angra Mainyu.
1.
Ahura Mazda spake unto Spitama Zarathushtra, saying: I have
made every land dear (to its people), even though it had no charms
whatever in it: had I not made every land dear (to its people),
even though it had no charms whatever in it, then the whole living
world would have invaded the Airyana Vaeja.
2.
[Clause 2 in the Vendidad Sada is composed of Zend quotations
in the Commentary that illustrate the alternative process of creation:
'First, Ahura Mazda would create a land of such kind that its
dwellers might like it, and there could be nothing more delightful.
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Then he who is all death would bring against it a countercreation.']
The first of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda,
created, was the Airyana Vaeja, by the Vanguhi Daitya.
Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he countercreated
the serpent in the river and Winter, a work of the Daevas.
3.
There are ten winter months there, two summer months; and
those are cold for the waters, cold for the earth, cold for the
trees. Winter falls there, the worst of all plagues.
4.
The second of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura
Mazda, created, was the plain [Doubtful] which the Sughdhas inhabit.
Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he countercreated
the locust, which brings death unto cattle and plants.
5.
The third of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda,
created, was the strong, holy Mouru.
Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he countercreated
plunder and sin [Doubtful].
6.
The fourth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura
Mazda, created, was the beautiful Bakhdhi with highlifted banner.
Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he countercreated
the ants and the anthills.
7.
The fifth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda,
created, was Nisaya, that lies between the Mouru and Bakhdhi.
Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he countercreated
the sin of unbelief.
8.
The sixth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda,
created, was the housedeserting Haroyu.
Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he countercreated
tears and wailing.
9.
The seventh of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura
Mazda, created, was Vaekereta, of the evil shadows.
Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he countercreated
the Pairika Knathaiti, who claves unto Keresaspa.
10.
The eighth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura
Mazda, created, was Urva of the rich pastures.
Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he countercreated
the sin of pride.
11.
The ninth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda,
created, was Khnenta which the Vehrkanas inhabit.
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Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he countercreated
a sin for which there is no atonement, the unnatural sin.
12.
The tenth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura Mazda,
created, was the beautiful Harahvaiti.
Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he countercreated
a sin for which there is no atonement, the burying of the dead.
13.
The eleventh of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura
Mazda, created, was the bright, glorious Haetumant.
Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he countercreated
the evil work of witchcraft.
14.
And this is the sign by which it is known, this is that by
which it is seen at once: wheresoever they may go and raise a
cry of sorcery, there the worst works of witchcraft go forth.
From there they come to kill and strike at heart, and they bring
locusts as many as they want.
15.
The twelfth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura
Mazda, created, was Ragha of the three races.
Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he countercreated
the sin of utter unbelief.
16.
The thirteenth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura
Mazda, created, was the strong, holy Chakhra.
Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he countercreated
a sin for which there is no atonement, the cooking of corpses.
17.
The fourteenth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura
Mazda, created, was the fourcornered Varena, for which was born
Thraetaona, who smote Azi Dahaka.
Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he countercreated
abnormal issues in women, and barbarian oppression.
18.
The fifteenth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura
Mazda, created, was the Seven Rivers.
Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he countercreated
abnormal issues in women, and excessive heat.
19.
The sixteenth of the good lands and countries which I, Ahura
Mazda, created, was the land by the sources (?) of the Rangha,
where people live who have no chiefs.
Thereupon came Angra Mainyu, who is all death, and he countercreated
Winter, a work of the Daevas.
20.
There are still other lands and countries, beautiful and deep,
longing and asking for the good, and bright.
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FARGARD 2. Myths of Yima
1.
Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: O Ahura Mazda, most beneficent
Spirit, Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Who was the
first mortal, before myself, Zarathushtra, with whom thou, Ahura
Mazda, didst converse, whom thou didst teach the Religion of Ahura,
the Religion of Zarathushtra? 2. Ahura Mazda answered: The fair
Yima, the good shepherd, O holy Zarathushtra! he was the first
mortal, before thee, Zarathushtra, with whom I, Ahura Mazda, did
converse, whom I taught the Religion of Ahura, the Religion of
Zarathushtra. 3. Unto him, O Zarathushtra, I, Ahura Mazda, spake,
saying: 'Well, fair Yima, son of Vivanghat, be thou the preacher
and the bearer of my Religion!' And the fair Yima, O Zarathushtra,
replied unto me, saying: 'I was not born, I was not taught to
be the preacher and the bearer of thy Religion.'
4.
Then I, Ahura Mazda, said thus unto him, O Zarathushtra: 'Since
thou dost not consent to be the preacher and the bearer of my
Religion, then make thou my world increase, make my world grow:
consent thou to nourish, to rule, and to watch over my world.'
5.
And the fair Yima replied unto me, O Zarathushtra, saying:
'Yes! I will make thy world increase, I will make thy world grow.
Yes! I will nourish, and rule, and watch over thy world. There
shall be, while I am king, neither cold wind not hot wind, neither
disease nor death.'
6.
[] Vd2.6 is composed of unconnected Zend quotations,
which are no part of the text and are introduced by the commentator
for the purpose of showing that 'although Yima did not teach the
law and train pupils, he was nevertheless a faithful and a holy
man, and rendered men holy too (?).' See Fragments of the Vendidad.
Then I, Ahura Mazda, brought two implements unto him: a golden
seal and a poniard inlaid with gold. Behold, here Yima bears the
royal sway!
7.
[Obscure.]
8.
Thus, under the sway of Yima, three hundred winters passed
away, and the earth was replenished with flocks and herds, with
men and dogs and birds and with red blazing fires, and there was
room no more for flocks, herds, and men.
9.
Then I warned the fair Yima, saying: 'O fair Yima, son of
Vivanghat, the earth has become full of flocks and herds, of men
and dogs and birds and of red blazing fires, and there is room
no more for flocks, herds, and men.'
10.
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Then Yima stepped forward, in light, southwards, on the way
of the sun, and (afterwards) he pressed the earth with the golden
seal, and bored it with the poniard, speaking thus: 'O Spenta
Armaiti, kindly 'Do this out of kindness to the creatures'
(Comm.) open asunder and stretch thyself afar, to
bear flocks and herds and men.'
11.
And Yima made the earth grow larger by onethird than it was
before, and there came flocks and herds and men, at their will
and wish, as many as he wished.
12.
Thus, under the sway of Yima, six hundred winters passed away,
and the earth was replenished with flocks and herds, with men
and dogs and birds and with red blazing fires, and there was room
no more for flocks, herds, and men.
13.
And I warned the fair Yima, saying: 'O fair Yima, son of Vivanghat,
the earth has become full of flocks and herds, of men and dogs
and birds and of red blazing fires, and there is room no more
for flocks, herds, and men.'
14.
Then Yima stepped forward, in light, southwards, on the way
of the sun, and (afterwards) he pressed the earth with the golden
seal, and bored it with the poniard, speaking thus: 'O Spenta
Armaiti, kindly) open asunder and stretch thyself afar, to bear
flocks and herds and men.'
15.
And Yima made the earth grow larger by twothirds than it
was before, and there came flocks and herds and men, at their
will and wish, as many as he wished.
16.
Thus, under the sway of Yima, nine hundred winters passed
away, and the earth was replenished with flocks and herds, with
men and dogs and birds and with red blazing fires, and there was
room no more for flocks, herds, and men.
17.
And I warned the fair Yima, saying: 'O fair Yima, son of Vivanghat,
the earth has become full of flocks and herds, of men and dogs
and birds and of red blazing fires, and there is room no more
for flocks, herds, and men.'
18.
Then Yima stepped forward, in light, southwards, on the way
of the sun, and (afterwards) he pressed the earth with the golden
seal, and bored it with the poniard, speaking thus: 'O Spenta
Armaiti, kindly) open asunder and stretch thyself afar, to bear
flocks and herds and men.'
19.
And Yima made the earth grow larger by twothirds than it
was before, and there came flocks and herds and men, at their
will and wish, as many as he wished.
20.
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FARGARD 2. Myths of Yima 5
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The Maker, Ahura Mazda, called together a meeting of the celestial
Yazatas in the Airyana Vaejo of high renown, by the Vanguhi Dairya.
The fair Yima, the good shepherd, called together a meeting of
the best of the mortals, in the Airyana Vaejo of high renown,
by the Vanguhi Daitya.
21.
To that meeting came Ahura Mazda, in the Airyana Vaejo of
high renown, by the Vanguhi Daitya; he came together with the
celestial Yazatas.
To that meeting came the fair Yima, the good shepherd, in the
Airyana Vaejo of high renown, by the Vanguhi Daitya; he came together
with the best of the mortals.
22.
And Ahura Mazda spake unto Yima, saying: 'O fair Yima, son
of Vivanghat! Upon the material world the evil winters are about
to fall, that shall bring the fierce, deadly frost; upon the material
world the evil winters are about to fall, that shall make snowflakes
fall thick, even an aredvi deep on the highest tops of mountains 'Even
where it (the snow) is least, it will be one Vitasti two fingers
deep' (Comm.); that is, fourteen fingers deep .
23.
'And the beasts that live in the wilderness The
Comm. has, strangely enough, 'for instance, Ispahan.' ,
and those that live on the tops of the mountains 'For
instance, Aparsen (the Upairisaena or HinduKush).' ,
and those that live in the bosom of the dale 'For
instance, Khorastan (the plain of Khorasan).' shall
take shelter in underground abodes.
24.
'Before that winter, the country would bear plenty of grass
for cattle, before the waters had flooded it. Now after the melting
of the snow, O Yima, a place wherein the footprint of a sheep
may be seen will be a wonder in the world.
25.
'Therefore make thee a Vara, long as a ridingground on every
side of the square 'Two hathras long on every side'
(Comm.) A hathra is about an English mile. , and
thither bring the seeds of sheep and oxen, of men, of dogs, of
birds, and of red blazing fires. Therefore make thee a Vara, long
as a ridingground on every side of the square, to be an abode
for man; a Vara, long as a ridingground on every side of the
square, for oxen and sheep.
26.
'There thou shalt make waters flow in a bed a hathra long;
there thou shalt settle birds, on the green that never fades,
with food that never fails. There thou shalt establish dwellingplaces,
consisting of a house with a balcony, a courtyard, and as gallery The
last three words are of doubtful meaning. .
27.
'Thither thou shalt bring the seeds of men and women, of the
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greatest, best, and finest on this earth; thither thou shalt bring
the seeds of every kind of cattle, of the greatest, best, and
finest on this earth.
28.
'Thither thou shalt bring the seeds of every kind of tree,
of the highest of size and sweetest of odor on this earth 'The
highest of size, like the cypress and the planetree; the sweetest
of odor, like the rose and the jessamine' (Comm.) ;
thither thou shalt bring the seeds of every kind of fruit, the
best of savor and sweetest of odor 'The best of savor,
like the date; the sweetest of odor, like the citron' (Comm.) .
All those seeds shalt thou bring, two of every kind, to be kept
inexhaustible there, so long as those men shall stay in the Vara.
29. 'There shall be no humpbacked, none bulged forward there;
no impotent, no lunatic; no malicious, no liar; no one spiteful,
none jealous; no one with decayed tooth, no leprous to be pent
up, nor any of the brands wherewith Angra Mainyu stamps the bodies
of mortals.
30.
'In the largest part of the place thou shalt make nine streets,
six in the middle part, three in the smallest. To the streets
of the largest part thou shalt bring a thousand seeds of men and
women; to the streets of the middle part, six hundred; to the
streets of the smallest part, three hundred. That Vara thou shalt
seal up with thy golden seal, and thou shalt make a door, and
a window selfshining within.'
31.
Then Yima said within himself: 'How shall I manage to make
that Vara which Ahura Mazda has commanded me to make?' And Ahura
Mazda said unto Yima: 'O fair Yima, son of Vivanghat! Crush the
earth with a stamp of thy heel, and then knead it with thy hands,
as the potter does when kneading the potter's clay.'
32.
[And Yima did as Ahura Mazda wished; he crushed the earth
with a stamp of his heel, he kneaded it with his hands, as the
potter does when kneading the potter's clay From the
Vendidad Sada. .]
33.
And Yima made a Vara, long as a ridingground on every side
of the square. There he brought the seeds of sheep and oxen, of
men, of dogs, of birds, and of red blazing fires. He made a Vara,
long as a ridingground on every side of the square, to be an
abode for men; a Vara, long as a ridingground on every side of
the square, for oxen and sheep.
34.
There he made waters flow in a bed a hathra long; there he
settled birds, on the green that never fades, with food that never
fails. There he established dwellingplaces, consisting of a house
with a balcony, a courtyard, and a gallery.
35.
There he brought the seeds of men and women, of the greatest,
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best, and finest on this earth; there he brought the seeds of
every kind of cattle, of the greatest, best, and finest on this
earth.
36.
There he brought the seeds of every kind of tree, of the highest
of size and sweetest of odor on this earth; there he brought the
seeds of every kind of fruit, the best of savor and sweetest of
odor. All those seeds he brought, two of every kind, to be kept
inexhaustible there, so long as those men shall stay in the Vara.
37.
And there were no humpbacked, none bulged forward there; no
impotent, no lunatic; no one malicious, no liar; no one spiteful,
none jealous; no one with decayed tooth, no leprous to be pent
up, nor any of the brands wherewith Angra Mainyu stamps the bodies
of mortals.
38.
In the largest part of the place he made nine streets, six
in the middle part, three in the smallest. To the streets of the
largest part he brought a thousand seeds of men and women; to
the streets of the middle part, six hundred; to the streets of
the smallest part, three hundred. That Vara he sealed up with
the golden ring, and he made a door, and a window selfshining
within.
39.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What are the
lights that give light in the Vara which Yima made?
40.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'There are uncreated lights and created
lights The Commentary has here the following Avestan
quotation: 'The uncreated light shines from above; all the created
lights shine from below.' . The one thing missed
there is the sight of the stars, the moon, and the sun, and a
year seems only as a day.
41.
'Every fortieth year, to every couple two are born, a male
and a female. And thus it is for every sort of cattle. And the
men in the Vara which Yima made live the happiest life 'They
live there for 150 years; some say, they never die' (Comm.) .'
42.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Who is he who
brought the Religion of Mazda into the Vara which Yima made? Ahura
Mazda answered: 'It was the bird Karshipta, O holy Zarathushtra!'
43.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Who are the
Lord and the Master there? Ahura Mazda answered: 'Urvatatnara,
O Zarathushtra! and thyself, Zarathushtra.'
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FARGARD 3. The Earth
1.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Which is the
first place where the Earth feels most happy? Ahura Mazda answered:
'It is the place whereon one of the faithful steps forward, O
Spitama Zarathushtra! with the log in his hand, the Baresma in
his hand, the milk in his hand, the mortar in his hand, lifting
up his voice in good accord with religion, and beseeching Mithra,
the lord of the rolling countryside, and Rama Hvastra.'
2,3.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Which is the
second place where the Earth feels most happy? Ahura Mazda answered:
'It is the place whereon one of the faithful erects a house with
a priest within, with cattle, with a wife, with children, and
good herds within; and wherein afterwards the cattle continue
to thrive, virtue to thrive, fodder to thrive, the dog to thrive,
the wife to thrive, the child to thrive, the fire to thrive, and
every blessing of life to thrive.'
4.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Which is the
third place where the Earth feels most happy? Ahura Mazda answered:
'It is the place where one of the faithful sows most corn, grass,
and fruit, O Spitama Zarathushtra! where he waters ground that
is dry, or drains ground that is too wet.'
5.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Which is the
fourth place where the Earth feels most happy? Ahura Mazda answered:
'It is the place where there is most increase of flocks and herds.'
6.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Which is the
fifth place where the Earth feels most happy? Ahura Mazda answered:
'It is the place where flocks and herds yield most dung.'
7.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Which is the
first place where the Earth feels sorest grief? Ahura Mazda answered:
'It is the neck of Arezura, whereon the hosts of fiends rush forth
from the burrow of the Druj.'
8.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Which is the
second place where the Earth feels sorest grief? Ahura Mazda answered:
'It is the place wherein most corpses of dogs and of men lie buried.'
9.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Which is the
third place where the Earth feels sorest grief? Ahura Mazda answered:
'It is the place whereon stand most of those Dakhmas on which
the corpses of men are deposited.'
10.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Which is the
fourth place where the Earth feels sorest grief? Ahura Mazda answered:
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FARGARD 3. The Earth 9
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'It is the place wherein are most burrows of the creatures of
Angra Mainyu 'Where there are most Khrafstras' (noxious
animals). .
11.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Which is the
fifth place where the Earth feels sorest grief? Ahura Mazda answered:
'It is the place whereon the wife and children of one of the faithful,
O Spitama Zarathushtra! are driven along the way of captivity,
the dry, the dusty way, and lift up a voice of wailing.'
12.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Who is the first
that rejoices the Earth with greatest joy? Ahura Mazda answered:
'It is he who digs out of it most corpses of dogs and men.' See
8 above.
13.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Who is the second
that rejoices the Earth with greatest joy? Ahura Mazda answered:
'It is he who pulls down most of those Dakhmas on which the corpses
of men are deposited.'
14.
Let no man alone by himself carry a corpse. If a man alone
by himself carry a corpse, the Nasu rushes upon him, to defile
him, from the nose of the dead, from the eye, from the tongue,
from the jaws, from the sexual organs, from the hinder parts.
This Druj Nasu falls upon him, [stains him] even to the end of
the nails, and he is unclean, thenceforth, for ever and ever.
15.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! What shall be
the place of that man who has carried a corpse [alone]? Ahura
Mazda answered: 'It shall be the place on this earth wherein is
least water and fewest plants, whereof the ground is the cleanest
and the dryest and the least passed through by flocks and herds,
by the fire of Ahura Mazda, by the consecrated bundles of Baresma,
and by the faithful.'
16.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! How far from
the fire? How far from the water? How far from the consecrated
bundles of Baresma? How far from the faithful?
17.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Thirty paces from the fire, thirty
paces from the water, thirty paces from the consecrated bundles
of Baresma, three paces from the faithful.
18,19.
'There, on that place, shall the worshippers of Mazda erect
an enclosure, and therein shall they establish him with food,
therein shall they establish him with clothes, with the coarsest
food and with the most wornout clothes. That food he shall live
on, those clothes he shall wear, and thus shall they let him live,
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FARGARD 3. The Earth 10
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until he has grown to the age of a Hana, or of a Zaurura, or of
a Pairishtakhshudra.
20,21.
'And when he has grown to the age of a Hana, or of a Zaurura,
or of a Pairishtakhshudra, then the worshippers of Mazda shall
order a man strong, vigorous, and skillful 'Trained
to operations of that sort' (Comm.) , to cut the
head off his neck, in his enclosure on the top of the mountain:
and they shall deliver his corpse unto the greediest of the corpseeating
creatures made by the beneficent Spirit, unto the vultures, with
these words: "The man here has repented of all his evil thoughts,
words, and deeds. If he has committed any other evil deed, it
is remitted by his repentance: if he has committed no other evil
deed, he is absolved by his repentance, for ever and ever."'
22.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Who is the third
that rejoices the Earth with greatest joy? Ahura Mazda answered:
'It is he who fills up most burrows of the creatures of Angra
Mainyu.'
23.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Who is the fourth
that rejoices the Earth with greatest joy? Ahura Mazda answered:
'It is he who sows most corn, grass, and fruit, O Spitama Zarathushtra!
who waters ground that is dry, or drains ground that is too wet.
24.
'Unhappy is the land that has long lain unsown with the seed
of the sower and wants a good husbandman, like a wellshapen maiden
who has long gone childless and wants a good husband.
25.
'He who would till the earth, O Spitama Zarathushtra! with
the left arm and the right, with the right arm and the left, unto
him will she bring forth plenty of fruit: even as it were a lover
sleeping with his bride on her bed; the bride will bring forth
children, (the earth will bring forth) plenty of fruit.
26,27.
'He who would till the earth, O Spitama Zarathushtra! with
the left arm and the right, with the right arm and the left, unto
him thus says the Earth: "O thou man! who dost till me with
the left arm and the right, with the right arm and the left, here
shall I ever go on bearing, bringing forth all manner of food,
bringing corn first to thee 'When something good grows
up, it will grow up for thee first' (Comm.) Perhaps: 'bringing
to thee profusion of corn' ('some say, she will bring to thee
15 for 10;' Comm.) ."
28,29.
'He who does not till the earth, O Spitama Zarathushtra! with
the left arm and the right, with the right arm and the left, unto
him thus says the Earth: "O thou man! who dost not till me
with the left arm and the right, with the right arm and the left,
ever shalt thou stand at the door of the stranger, among those
who beg for bread; the refuse and the crumbs of the bread are
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FARGARD 3. The Earth 11
Page No 14
brought unto thee 'They take for themselves what is
good and send to thee what is bad' (Comm.) , brought
by those who have profusion of wealth."'
30.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! What is the
food that fills the Religion of Mazda [lit: what is the stomach
of the law?]? Ahura Mazda answered: 'It is sowing corn again and
again, O Spitama Zarathushtra!
31.
'He who sows corn, sows righteousness: he makes the Religion
of Mazda walk, he suckles the Religion of Mazda; as well as he
could do with a hundred man's feet, with a thousand woman's breasts 'He
makes the Religion of Mazda as fat as a child could be made by
means of a hundred feet, that is to say, of fifty servants walking
to rock him; of a thousand breasts, that is, of five hundred nurses'
(Comm.) , with ten thousand sacrificial formulas.
32.
'When barley was created, the Daevas started up; when it grew doubtful ,
then fainted the Daevas' hearts; when the knots came doubtful ,
the Daevas groaned; when the ear came, the Daevas flew away. In
that house the Daevas stay, wherein wheat perishes doubtful .
It is as though red hot iron were turned about in their throats,
when there is plenty of corn doubtful .
33.
'Then let people learn by heart this holy saying: "No
one who does not eat, has strength to do heavy works of holiness,
strength to do works of husbandry, strength to beget children.
By eating every material creature lives, by not eating it dies
away."'
34.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! Who is the fifth
that rejoices the Earth with greatest joy?
Ahura Mazda answered: '[It is he who kindly and piously gives The
Ashodad or alms. The bracketed clause is from the Vendidad Sada.
to one of the faithful who tills the earth,] O Spitama Zarathushtra!
35.
'He who would not kindly and piously give to one of the faithful
who tills the earth, O Spitama Zarathushtra! Spenta Armaiti will
throw him down into darkness, down into the world of woe, the
world of hell, down into the deep abyss Conjectural
translation. .'
36.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! If a man shall
bury in the earth either the corpse of a dog or the corpse of
a man, and if he shall not disinter it within half a year, what
is the penalty that he shall pay?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Five hundred stripes with the Aspaheashtra,
five hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
37.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! If a man shall
bury in the earth either the corpse of a dog or the corpse of
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FARGARD 3. The Earth 12
Page No 15
a man, and if he shall not disinter it within a year, what is
the penalty that he shall pay?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'A thousand stripes with the Aspaheashtra,
a thousand stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
38.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy one! If a man shall
bury in the earth either the corpse of a dog or the corpse of
a man, and if he shall not disinter it within the second year,
what is the penalty for it? What is the atonement for it? What
is the cleansing from it?
39.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'For that deed there is nothing that
can pay, nothing that can atone, nothing that can cleanse from
it; it is a trespass for which there is no atonement, for ever
and ever.'
40.
When is it so?
'It is so, if the sinner be a professor of the Religion of Mazda,
or one who has been taught in it.
'But if he be not a professor of the Religion of Mazda, nor one
who has been taught in it, then his sin is taken from him, if
he makes confession of the Religion of Mazda and resolves never
to commit again such forbidden deeds.
41.
'The Religion of Mazda indeed, O Spitama Zarathushtra! takes
away from him who makes confession of it the bonds of his sin;
it takes away (the sin of) breach of trust Doubtful.
From the commentary it appears that draosha must have meant a
different sort of robbery: 'He knows that it is forbidden to steal,
but he fancies that robbing the rich to give to the poor is a
pious deed' (Comm.) ; it takes away (the sin of)
murdering one of the faithful; it takes away (the sin of) deeds
for which there is no atonement; it takes away the worst sin of
usury; it takes away any sin that may be sinned.
42.
'In the same way the Religion of Mazda, O Spitama Zarathushtra!
cleanses the faithful from every evil thought, word, and deed,
as a swiftrushing mighty wind cleanses the plain 'From
chaff' (Comm.) .
'So let all the deeds he doeth be henceforth good, O Zarathushtra!
a full atonement for his sin is effected by means of the Religion
of Mazda.'
FARGARD 4. Contracts and offenses
I.
1.
He that does not restore a loan to the man who lent it, steals
the thing and robs the man "He is a thief when
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FARGARD 4. Contracts and offenses 13
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he takes a view not to restore; he is a robber when, being asked
to restore, he answers, I will not" (Comm.) .
This he doeth every day, every night, as long as he keep in his
house his neighbour's property, as though it were his own.
Ia.
2.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How many in
number are thy contracts, O Ahura Mazda? Ahura Mazda answered:
'They are six in number, O holy Zarathushtra. The first is the
wordcontract; the second is the handcontract; the third is the
contract to the amount of a sheep; the fourth is the contract
to the amount of an ox; the fifth is the contract to the amount
of a man; the sixth is the contract to the amount of a field,
a field in good land, a fruitful one, in good bearing.'
3.
The wordcontract is fulfilled by words of mouth. It is canceled
by the handcontract; he shall give as damages the amount of the
handcontract.
4.
The handcontract is canceled by the sheepcontract; he shall
give as damages the amount of the sheepcontract. The sheepcontract
is canceled by the oxcontract; he shall give as damages the amount
of the oxcontract. The oxcontract is canceled by the mancontract;
he shall give as damages the amount of the mancontract. The mancontract
is canceled by the fieldcontract; he shall give as damages the
amount of the fieldcontract.
5.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break
the wordcontract, how many are involved in his sin? Ahura Mazda
answered: 'His sin makes his Nabanazdishtas answerable for three
hundred (years).'
6.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break
the handcontract, how many are involved in his sin? Ahura Mazda
answered: 'His sin makes his Nabanazdishtas answerable for six
hundred (years).'
7.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break
the sheepcontract, how many are involved in his sin? Ahura Mazda
answered: 'His sin makes his Nabanazdishtas answerable for seven
hundred (years).'
8.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break
the oxcontract, how many are involved in his sin? Ahura Mazda
answered: 'His sin makes his Nabanazdishtas answerable for eight
hundred (years).'
9.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break
the mancontract, how many are involved in his sin? Ahura Mazda
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FARGARD 4. Contracts and offenses 14
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answered: 'His sin makes his Nabanazdishtas answerable for nine
hundred (years).'
10.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break
the fieldcontract, how many are involved in his sin? Ahura Mazda
answered: 'His sin makes his Nabanazdishtas answerable for a thousand
(years).'
11.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break
the wordcontract, what is the penalty that he shall pay? Ahura
Mazda answered: 'Three hundred stripes with the Aspaheashtra,
three hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
12.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break
the handcontract, what is the penalty that he shall pay? Ahura
Mazda answered: 'Six hundred stripes with the Aspaheashtra, six
hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
13.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break
the sheepcontract, what is the penalty that he shall pay? Ahura
Mazda answered: 'Seven hundred stripes with the Aspaheashtra,
seven hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
14.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break
the oxcontract, what is the penalty that he shall pay? Ahura
Mazda answered: 'Eight hundred stripes with the Aspaheashtra,
eight hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
15.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break
the mancontract, what is the penalty that he shall pay? Ahura
Mazda answered: 'Nine hundred stripes with the Aspaheashtra,
Nine hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
16.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man break
the fieldcontract, what is the penalty that he shall pay? Ahura
Mazda answered: 'A thousand stripes with the Aspaheashtra, a
thousand stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
IIa.
17.
If a man rise up with a weapon in his hand, it is an Agerepta.
If he brandish it, it is an Avaoirishta. If he actually smite
a man with malicious aforethought, it is an Aredush. Upon the
fifth Aredush he becomes a Peshotanu.
18.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! He that committeth
an Agerepta, what penalty shall he pay? Ahura Mazda answered:
'Five stripes with the Aspaheashtra, five stripes with the Sraoshocharana;
'On the second Agerepta, ten stripes with the Aspaheashtra, ten
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stripes with the Sraoshocharana;
'On the third, fifteen stripes with the Aspaheashtra, fifteen
stripes with the Sraoshocharana;
19.
'On the fourth, thirty stripes with the Aspaheashtra, thirty
stripes with the Sraoshocharana;
'On the fifth, fifty stripes with the Aspaheashtra, fifty stripes
with the Sraoshocharana;
'On the sixth, sixty stripes with the Aspaheashtra, sixty stripes
with the Sraoshocharana;
'On the seventh, ninety stripes with the Aspaheashtra, ninety
stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
20.
If a man commit an Agerepta for the eighth time, without having
atoned for the preceding, what penalty shall he pay?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He is a Peshotanu: two hundred stripes
with the Aspaheashtra, two hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
21.
If a man commit an Agerepta, and refuse to atone for it, what
penalty shall he pay? Ahura Mazda answered: 'He is a Peshotanu:
two hundred stripes with the Aspaheashtra, two hundred stripes
with the Sraoshocharana.'
22.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man commit
an Avaoirishta, what penalty shall he pay? Ahura Mazda answered:
'Ten stripes with the Aspaheashtra, ten stripes with the Sraoshocharana;
'On the second Avaoirishta, fifteen stripes with the Aspaheashtra,
fifteen stripes with the Sraoshocharana;
23.
'On the third, thirty stripes with the Aspaheashtra, thirty
stripes with the Sraoshocharana;
'On the fourth, fifty stripes with the Aspaheashtra, fifty stripes
with the Sraoshocharana;
'On the fifth, seventy stripes with the Aspaheashtra, seventy
stripes with the Sraoshocharana;
'On the sixth, ninety stripes with the Aspaheashtra, ninety stripes
with the Sraoshocharana.'
24.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man commit
an Avaoirishta for the seventh time, without having atoned for
the preceding, what penalty shall he pay? Ahura Mazda answered:
'He is a Peshotanu: two hundred stripes with the Aspaheashtra,
two hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
25.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man commit
an Avaoirishta, and refuse to atone for it, what penalty shall
he pay? Ahura Mazda answered: 'He is a Peshotanu: two hundred
stripes with the Aspaheashtra, two hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
26.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man commit
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an Aredush, what penalty shall he pay? Ahura Mazda answered: 'Fifteen
stripes with the Aspaheashtra, fifteen stripes with the Sraoshocharana;
27.
'On the second Aredush, thirty stripes with the Aspaheashtra,
thirty stripes with the Sraoshocharana;
'On the third, fifty stripes with the Aspaheashtra, fifty stripes
with the Sraoshocharana;
'On the fourth, seventy stripes with the Aspaheashtra, seventy
stripes with the Sraoshocharana;
'On the fifth, ninety stripes with the Aspaheashtra, ninety stripes
with the Sraoshocharana;
28.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man commit
an Aredush for the sixth time, without having atoned for the preceding,
what penalty shall he pay? Ahura Mazda answered: 'He is a Peshotanu:
two hundred stripes with the Aspaheashtra, two hundred stripes
with the Sraoshocharana.'
29.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man commit
an Aredush, and refuse to atone for it, what penalty shall he
pay? Ahura Mazda answered: 'He is a Peshotanu: two hundred stripes
with the Aspaheashtra, two hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
30.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man smite
another and hurt him sorely, what is the penalty that he shall
pay?
31.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Thirty stripes with the Aspaheashtra,
thirty stripes with the Sraoshocharana;
'The second time, fifty stripes with the Aspaheashtra, fifty
stripes with the Sraoshocharana;
'The third time, seventy stripes with the Aspaheashtra, seventy
stripes with the Sraoshocharana;
'The fourth time, ninety stripes with the Aspaheashtra, ninety
stripes with the Sraoshocharana;
32.
If a man commit that deed for the fifth time, without having
atoned for the preceding, what penalty shall he pay? Ahura Mazda
answered: 'He is a Peshotanu: two hundred stripes with the Aspaheashtra,
two hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
33.
If a man commit that deed and refuse to atone for it, what
penalty shall he pay? Ahura Mazda answered: 'He is a Peshotanu:
two hundred stripes with the Aspaheashtra, two hundred stripes
with the Sraoshocharana.'
34.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man smite
another so that the blood come, what is the penalty that he shall
pay? Ahura Mazda answered: 'Fifty stripes with the Aspaheashtra,
fifty stripes with the Sraoshocharana;
'The second time, seventy stripes with the Aspaheashtra, seventy
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stripes with the Sraoshocharana;
'The third time, ninety stripes with the Aspaheashtra, ninety
stripes with the Sraoshocharana;
35.
If a man commit that deed for the fourth time, without having
atoned for the preceding, what penalty shall he pay? Ahura Mazda
answered: 'He is a Peshotanu: two hundred stripes with the Aspaheashtra,
two hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
36.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man smite
another so that the blood come, and if he refuse to atone for
it, what penalty shall he pay? Ahura Mazda answered: 'He is a
Peshotanu: two hundred stripes with the Aspaheashtra, two hundred
stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
37.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man smite
another so that he break a bone, what is the penalty that he shall
pay? Ahura Mazda answered: 'Seventy stripes with the Aspaheashtra,
seventy stripes with the Sraoshocharana;
'The second time, ninety stripes with the Aspaheashtra, ninety
stripes with the Sraoshocharana;
38.
If he commit that deed for the third time, without having
atoned for the preceding, what penalty shall he pay? Ahura Mazda
answered: 'He is a Peshotanu: two hundred stripes with the Aspaheashtra,
two hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
39.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man smite
another so that he break a bone, and if he refuse to atone for
it, what is the penalty he shall pay? Ahura Mazda answered: 'He
is a Peshotanu: two hundred stripes with the Aspaheashtra, two
hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
40.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man smite
another so that he give up the ghost, what is the penalty that
he shall pay? Ahura Mazda answered: 'Ninety stripes with the Aspaheashtra,
seventy stripes with the Sraoshocharana;
41.
If he commit that deed again, without having atoned for the
preceding, what is the penalty that he shall pay? Ahura Mazda
answered: 'He is a Peshotanu: two hundred stripes with the Aspaheashtra,
two hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
42.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man smite
another so that he give up the ghost, and if he refuse to atone
for it, what is the penalty he shall pay? Ahura Mazda answered:
'He is a Peshotanu: two hundred stripes with the Aspaheashtra,
two hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
43.
And they shall thenceforth in their doings walk after the
way of holiness, after the word of holiness, after the ordinance
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of holiness.
IIIa.
44.
If men of the same faith, either friends or brothers, come
to an agreement together, that one may obtain from the other,
either goods, or a wife, or knowledge, let him who desires goods
have them delivered to him; let him who desires a wife receive
and wed her; let him who desires knowledge be taught the holy
word,
45.
during the first part of the day and the last, during the
first part of the night and the last, that his mind may be increased
in intelligence and wax strong in holiness. So shall he sit up,
in devotion and prayers, that he may be increased in intelligence:
he shall rest during the middle part of the day, during the middle
part of the night, and thus shall he continue until he can say
all the words which former Aethrapaitis have said.
IVa.
46.
Before the boiling water publicly prepared This
clause is intended against false oaths taken in the socalled
Varordeal (see par. 54 n.) It ought to be placed before par.
49 bis, where the penalty for a false oath is given. ,
O Spitama Zarathushtra! let no one make bold to deny having received
[from his neighbor] the ox or the garment in his possession.
47.
Verily I say it unto thee, O Spitama Zarathushtra! the man
who has a wife is far above him who lives in continence; he who
keeps a house is far above him who has none; he who has children
is far above the childless man; he who has riches is far above
him who has none.
48.
And of two men, he who fills himself with meat receives in
him Vohu Mano much better than he who does not do so; the latter
is all but dead; the former is above him by the worth of an Asperena,
by the worth of a sheep, by the worth of an ox, by the worth of
a man.
49.
This man can strive against the onsets of Astovidhotu; he
can strive against the welldarted arrow; he can strive against
the winter fiend, with thinnest garment on; he can strive against
the wicked tyrant and smite him on the head; he can strive against
the ungodly fasting Ashemaogha.
IVb.
49 (bis).
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On the very first time when that deed has been done, without
waiting until it is done again,
50.
down there In hell. the pain for
that deed shall be as hard as any in this world: even as if one
should cut off the limbs from his perishable body with knives
of brass, or still worse;
51.
down there the pain for that deed shall be as hard as any
in this world: even as if one should nail doubtful
his perishable body with nails of brass, or still worse;
52.
down there the pain for that deed shall be as hard as any
in this world: even as if one should by force throw his perishable
body headlong down a precipice a hundred times the height of a
man, or still worse;
53.
down there the pain for that deed shall be as hard as any
in this world: even as if one should by force impale doubtful
his perishable body, or still worse.
54.
Down there the pain for that deed shall be as hard as any
in this world: to wit, the deed of a man, who knowingly lying,
confronts the brimstoned, golden, truthknowing water with an
appeal unto Rashnu and a lie unto Mithra.
55.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! He who, knowingly
lying, confronts the brimstoned, golden, truthknowing water with
an appeal unto Rashnu and a lie unto Mithra, what is the penalty
that he shall pay In this world. ? Ahura
Mazda answered: 'Seven hundred stripes with the Aspaheashtra,
seven hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
FARGARD 5. Purity laws
I
1.
There dies a man in the depths of the vale: a bird takes flight
from the top of the mountain down into the depths of the vale,
and it feeds on the corpse of the dead man there: then, up it
flies from the depths of the vale to the top of the mountain:
it flies to some one of the trees there, of the hardwooded or
the softwooded, and upon that tree it vomits and deposits dung.
2.
Now, lo! here is a man coming up from the depths of the vale
to the top of the mountain; he comes to the tree whereon the bird
is sitting; from that tree he intends to take wood for the fire.
He fells the tree, he hews the tree, he splits it into logs, and
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then he lights it in the fire, the son of Ahura Mazda. What is
the penalty he shall pay?
3.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'There is no sin upon a man for any
Nasu that has been brought by dogs, by birds, by wolves, by winds,
or by flies.
4.
'For were there sin upon a man for any Nasu that might have
been brought by dogs, by birds, by wolves, by winds, or by flies,
how soon all this material world of mine would be only one Peshotanu,
bent on the destruction of righteousness, and whose soul will
cry and wail! so numberless are the beings that die upon the face
of the earth.'
5.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Here is a man
watering a cornfield. The water streams down the field; it streams
again; it streams a third time; and the fourth time, a dog, a
fox, or a wolf carries some Nasu into the bed of the stream: what
is the penalty that the man shall pay?
6.
[Repeat st. 3.]
7.
[Repeat st. 4.]
8.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Does water kill?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Water kills no man: Astovidhotu binds
him, and, thus bound, Vayu carries him off; and the flood takes
him up, the flood takes him down, the flood throws him ashore;
then birds feed upon him. When he goes away, it is by the will
of Fate he goes.'
IIb.
9.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Does fire kill?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Fire kills no man: Astovidhotu binds him,
and, thus bound, Vayu carries him off; and the fire burns up life
and limb. When he goes away, it is by the will of Fate he goes.'
III.
10.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If the summer
is past and the winter has come, what shall the worshippers of
Mazda do? Ahura Mazda answered: 'In every house, in every borough,
they shall raise three rooms for the dead.'
11.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How large shall
be those rooms for the dead? Ahura Mazda answered: 'Large enough
not to strike the skull of the man, if he should stand erect,
or his feet or his hands stretched out: such shall be, according
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to the law, the rooms for the dead.
12.
'And they shall let the lifeless body lie there, for two nights,
or for three nights, or a month long, until the birds begin to
fly, the plants to grow, the hidden floods to flow, and the wind
to dry up the earth.
13.
'And as soon as the birds begin to fly, the plants to grow,
the hidden floods to flow, and the wind to dry up the earth, then
the worshippers of Mazda shall lay down the dead (on the Dakhma),
his eyes towards the sun.
14.
'If the worshippers of Mazda have not, within a year, laid
down the dead (on the Dakhma), his eyes towards the sun, thou
shalt prescribe for that trespass the same penalty as for the
murder of one of the faithful; until the corpse has been rained
on, until the Dakhma has been rained on, until the unclean remains
have been rained on, until the birds have eaten up the corpse.'
IV.
15.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Is it true at
thou, Ahura Mazda, seizest the waters from the sea Vourukasha
with the wind and the clouds?
16.
That thou, Ahura Mazda, takest them down to the corpses? that
thou, Ahura Mazda, takest them down to the Dakhmas? that thou,
Ahura Mazda, takest them down to the unclean remains? that thou,
Ahura Mazda, takest them down to the bones? and that then thou,
Ahura Mazda, makest them flow back unseen? that thou, Ahura Mazda,
makest them flow back to the sea Puitika?
17.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'It is even so as thou hast said, O
righteous Zarathushtra! I, Ahura Mazda, seize the waters from
the sea Vourukasha with the wind and the clouds.
18.
'I, Ahura Mazda, take them to the corpses; I, Ahura Mazda,
take them down to the Dakhmas; I, Ahura Mazda, take them down
to the unclean remains; I, Ahura Mazda, take them down to the
bones; then I, Ahura Mazda, make them flow back unseen; I, Ahura
Mazda, make them flow back to the sea Puitika.
19.
'The waters stand there boiling, boiling up in the heart of
the sea Puitika, and, when cleansed there, they run back again
from the sea Puitika to the sea Vourukasha, towards the wellwatered
tree, whereon grow the seeds of my plants of every kind by hundreds,
by thousands, by hundreds of thousands.
20.
'Those plants, I, Ahura Mazda, rain down upon the earth, to
bring food to the faithful, and fodder to the beneficent cow;
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to bring food to my people that they may live on it, and fodder
to the beneficent cow.'
V.
21.
'This is the best, this is the fairest of all things, even
as thou hast said, O pure [Zarathushtra]!'
With these words the holy, Ahura Mazda rejoiced the holy Zarathushtra:
'Purity is for man, next to life, the greatest good, that purity,
O Zarathushtra, that is in the Religion of Mazda for him who cleanses
his own self with good thoughts, words, and deeds.'
22.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! This Law, this
fienddestroying Law of Zarathushtra, by what greatness, goodness,
and fairness is it great, good, and fair above all other utterances?
23.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'As much above all other floods as is
the sea Vourukasha, so much above all other utterances in greatness,
goodness, and fairness is this Law, this fienddestroying Law
of Zarathushtra.
24.
'As much as a great stream flows swifter than a slender rivulet,
so much above all other utterances in greatness, goodness, and
fairness is this Law, this fienddestroying Law of Zarathushtra.
'As high as the great tree stands above the small plants it overshadows,
so high above all other utterances in greatness, goodness, and
fairness is this Law, this fienddestroying Law of Zarathushtra.
25.
'As high as heaven is above the earth that it compasses around,
so high above all other utterances is this Law, this fienddestroying
Law of Mazda.
'[Therefore], he will apply to the Ratu, he will apply to the
Sraoshavarez; whether for a draonaservice that should have been
undertaken and has not been undertaken; or for a draona that should
have been offered up and has not been offered up; or for a draona
that should have been entrusted and has not been entrusted.
26.
'The Ratu has power to remit him onethird of his penalty:
if he has committed any other evil deed, it is remitted by his
repentance; if he has committed no other evil deed, he is absolved
by his repentance for ever and ever.'
VI.
27.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If there be
a number of men resting in the same place, on the same carpet,
on the same pillows, be there two men near one another, or five,
or fifty, or a hundred, close by one another; and of those people
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one happens to die; how many of them does the Druj Nasu envelope
with corruption, infection, and pollution?
28.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'If the dead one be a priest, the Druj
Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama Zarathushtra! she goes as far as
the eleventh and defiles the ten.
'If the dead one be a warrior, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama
Zarathushtra! she goes as far as the tenth and defiles the nine.
'If the dead one be a husbandman, the Druj Nasu rushes forth,
O Spitama Zarathushtra! she goes as far as the ninth and defiles
the eight.
29.
'If it be a shepherd's dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O
Spitama Zarathushtra! she goes as far as the eighth and defiles
the seven.
'If it be a housedog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama Zarathushtra!
she goes as far as the seventh and defiles the six.
30.
'If it be a Vohunazga dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama
Zarathushtra! she goes as far as the sixth and defiles the five.
'If it be a Tauruna dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama
Zarathushtra! she goes as far as the fifth and defiles the four.
31.
'If it be a porcupine dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama
Zarathushtra! she goes as far as the fourth and defiles the three.
'If it be a Gazu dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama Zarathushtra!
she goes as far as the third and defiles the two.
32.
'If it be an Aiwizu dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama
Zarathushtra! she goes as far as the second and defiles the next.
'If it be a Vizu dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama Zarathushtra!
she goes as far as the next, she defiles the next.'
33.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If it be a weasel,
how many of the creatures of the good spirit does it directly
defile, how many does it indirectly defile?
34.
Ahura Mazda answered : 'A weasel does neither directly nor
indirectly defile any of the creatures of the good spirit, but
him who smites and kills it; to him the uncleanness clings for
ever and ever.'
35.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If the dead
one be such a wicked, twofooted ruffian, as an ungodly Ashemaogha,
how many of the creatures of the good spirit does he directly
defile, how many does he indirectly defile?
36.
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Ahura Mazda answered: 'No more than a frog does whose venom
is dried up, and that has been dead more than a year. Whilst alive,
indeed, O Spitama Zarathushtra! such a wicked, twolegged ruffian
as an ungodly Ashemaogha, directly defiles the creatures of the
good spirit, and indirectly defiles them.
37.
'Whilst alive he smites the water; whilst alive he blows out
the fire; whilst alive he carries off the cow; whilst alive he
smites the faithful man with a deadly blow, that parts the soul
from the body; not so will he do when dead.
38.
'Whilst alive, indeed, O Spitama Zarathushtra! such a wicked,
twolegged ruffian as an ungodly Ashemaogha robs the faithful
man of the full possession of his food, of his clothing, of his
wood, of his bed, of his vessels; not so will he do when dead.'
VII.
39.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When into our
houses here below we have brought the fire, the Baresma, the cups,
the Haoma, and the mortar, O holy Ahura Mazda! if it come to pass
that either a dog or a man dies there, what shall the worshippers
of Mazda do?
40.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Out of the house, O Spitama Zarathushtra!
shall they take the fire, the Baresma, the cups, the Haoma, and
the mortar; they shall take the dead one out to the proper place
whereto, according to the law, corpses must be brought, to be
devoured there.'
41.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When shall they
bring back the fire into the house wherein the man has died? 42.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall wait for nine nights in winter,
for a month in summer, and then they shall bring back the fire
to the house wherein the man has died.'
43.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! And if they
shall bring back the fire to the house wherein the man has died,
within the nine nights, or within the month, what penalty shall
they pay?
44.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall be Peshotanus: two hundred
stripes with the Aspaheastra, two hundred stripes with the Sraoshokarana.'
VIII.
45.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If in the house
of a worshipper of Mazda there be a woman with child, and if being
a month gone, or two, or three, or four, or five, or six, or seven,
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or eight, or nine, or ten months gone, she bring forth a stillborn
child, what shall the worshippers of Mazda do?
46.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'The place in that Mazdean house whereof
the ground is the cleanest and the driest, and the least passed
through by flocks and herds, by the fire of Ahura Mazda, by the
consecrated bundles of Baresma, and by the faithful;'
47.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How far from
the fire? How far from the water? How far from the consecrated
bundles of Baresma? How far from the faithful?
48.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Thirty paces from the fire; thirty
paces from the water; thirty paces from the consecrated bundles
of Baresma; three paces from the faithful;
49.
'On that place shall the worshippers of Mazda erect an enclosure,
and therein shall they establish her with food, therein shall
they establish her with clothes.'
50.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What is the
food that the woman shall first take?
51.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Gomez mixed with ashes, three draughts
of it, or six, or nine, to send down the Dakhma within her womb.
52.
'Afterwards she may drink boiling milk of mares, cows, sheep,
or goats, with pap or without pap; she may take cooked milk without
water, meal without water, and wine without water.'
53.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How long shall
she remain so? How long shall she live thus on milk, meal, and
wine?
54.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Three nights long shall she remain
so; three nights long shall she live thus on milk, meal, and wine.
Then, when three nights have passed, she shall wash her body,
she shall wash her clothes, with gomez and water, by the nine
holes, and thus shall she be clean.'
55.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How long shall
she remain so? How long, after the three nights have gone, shall
she sit confined, and live separated from the rest of the worshippers
of Mazda, as to her seat, her food, and her clothing?
56.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Nine nights long shall she remain so:
nine nights long, after the three nights have gone, shall she
sit confined, and live separated from the rest of the worshippers
of Mazda, as to her seat, her food, and her clothing. Then, when
the nine nights have gone, she shall wash her body, and cleanse
her clothes with gomez and water.'
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57.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can those clothes,
when once washed and cleansed, ever be used either by a Zaotar,
or by a Havanan, or by an Atarevakhsha, or by a Frabaretar, or
by an Abered, or by an Asnatar, or by a Rathwishkar, or by a Sraoshavarez,
or by any priest, warrior, or husbandman?
58.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Never can those clothes, even when
washed and cleansed, be used either by a Zaotar, or by a Havanan,
or by an Atarevakhsha, or by a Frabaretar, or by an Abered, or
by an Asnatar, or by a Rathwishkar, or by a Sraoshavarez, or
by any priest, warrior, or husbandman.
59.
'But if there be in a Mazdean house a woman who is in her
sickness, or a man who has become unfit for work, and who must
sit in the place of infirmity, those clothes shall serve for their
coverings and for their sheets, until they can withdraw their
hands for prayer.
60.
'Ahura Mazda, indeed, does not allow us to waste anything
of value that we may have, not even so much as an Asperena's weight
of thread, not even so much as a maid lets fall in spinning.
61.
'Whosoever throws any clothing on a dead body, even so much
as a maid lets fall in spinning, is not a pious man whilst alive,
nor shall he, when dead, have a place in Paradise.
62.
'He makes himself a viaticum unto the world of the wicked,
into that world, made of darkness, the offspring of darkness,
which is Darkness' self. To that world, to the world of Hell,
you are delivered by your own doings, by your own religion, O
sinners!'
FARGARD 6. Purity laws
I.
1.
How long shall the piece of ground he fallow whereon dogs
or men have died? Ahura Mazda answered: 'A year long shall the
piece of ground he fallow whereon dogs or men have died, O holy
Zarathushtra!
2.
'A year long shall no worshipper of Mazda sow or water that
piece of ground whereon dogs or men have died; he may sow as he
likes the rest of the ground; he may water it as he likes.
3.
'If within the year they shall sow or water the piece of ground
whereon dogs or men have died, they are guilty of the sin of "burying
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the dead" towards the water, towards the earth, and towards
the plants.'
4.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If worshippers
of Mazda shall sow or water, within the year, the piece of ground
whereon dogs or men have died, what is the penalty that they shall
pay?
5.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'They are Peshotanus: two hundred stripes
with the Aspaheastra, two hundred stripes with the Sraoshokarana.'
6.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If worshippers
of Mazda want to till that piece of ground again, to water it,
to sow it, and to plough it, what shall they do?
7.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall look on the ground for any
bones, hair, dung, urine, or blood that may be there.'
8.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If they shall
not look on the ground for any bones, hair, dung, urine, or blood
that may be there, what is the penalty that they shall pay?
9.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'They are Peshotanus: two hundred stripes
with the Aspaheastra, two hundred stripes with the Sraoshokarana.'
II.
10.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall
throw on the ground a bone of a dead dog, or of a dead man, as
large as the top joint of the little finger, and if grease or
marrow flow from it on to the ground, what penalty shall he pay?
11.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Thirty stripes with the Aspaheastra,
thirty stripes with the Sraoshokarana.'
12.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall
throw on the ground a bone of a dead dog, or of a dead man, as
large as the top joint of the forefinger, and if grease or marrow
flow from it on to the ground, what penalty shall he pay?
13.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Fifty stripes with the Aspaheastra,
fifty stripes with the Sraoshokarana.'
14.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall
throw on the ground a bone of a dead dog, or of a dead man, as
large as the top joint of the middle finger, and if grease or
marrow flow from it on to the ground, what penalty shall he pay?
15.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Seventy stripes with the Aspaheastra,
seventy stripes with the Sraoshokarana.'
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16.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall
throw on the ground a bone of a dead dog, or of a dead man, as
large as a finger or as a rib, and if grease or marrow flow from
it on to the ground, what penalty shall he pay?
17.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Ninety stripes with the Aspaheastra,
ninety stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
18.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall
throw on the ground a bone of a dead dog, or of a dead man, as
large as two fingers or as two ribs, and if grease or marrow flow
from it on the ground, what penalty shall he pay?
19.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He is Peshotanu: two hundred stripes
with the Aspaheashtra, two hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
20.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall
throw on the ground a bone of a dead dog, or of a dead man, as
large as an armbone or as a thighbone, and if grease or marrow
flow from it on the ground, what penalty shall he pay?
21.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Four hundred stripes with the Aspaheashtra,
four hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
22.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall
throw on the ground a bone of a dead dog, or of a dead man, as
large as a man's skull, and if grease or marrow flow from it on
the ground, what penalty shall he pay?
23.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Six hundred stripes with the Aspaheashtra,
six hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
24.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall
throw on the ground the whole body of a dead dog, or of a dead
man, and if grease or marrow flow from it on the ground, what
penalty shall he pay?
25.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'A thousand stripes with the Aspaheashtra,
a thousand stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
III.
26.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a worshipper
of Mazda, walking, or running, or riding, or driving, come upon
a corpse in a stream of running water, what shall he do?
27.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Taking off his shoes, putting off his
clothes, while the others wait, O Zarathushtra! he shall enter
the river, and take the dead out of the water; he shall go down
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into the water ankledeep, kneedeep, waistdeep, or a man's full
depth, till he can reach the dead body.'
28.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If, however,
the body be already falling to pieces and rotting, what shall
the worshipper of Mazda do?
29.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He shall draw out of the water as much
of the corpse as he can grasp with both hands, and he shall lay
it down on the dry ground; no sin attaches to him for any bone,
hair, grease, dung, urine, or blood that may drop back into the
water.'
30.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What part of
the water in a pond does the Druj Nasu defile with corruption,
infection, and pollution?
31.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Six steps on each of the four sides.
As long as the corpse has not been taken out of the water, so
long shall that water be unclean and unfit to drink. They shall,
therefore, take the corpse out of the pond, and lay it down on
the dry ground.
32.
'And of the water they shall draw off the half, or the third,
or the fourth, or the fifth part, according as they are able or
not; and after the corpse has been taken out and the water has
been drawn off, the rest of the water is clean, and both cattle
and men may drink of it at their pleasure, as before.'
33.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What part of
the water in a well does the Druj Nasu defile with corruption,
infection, and pollution?
34.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'As long as the corpse has not been
taken out of the water, so long shall that water be unclean and
unfit to drink. They shall, therefore, take the corpse out of
the well, and lay it down on the dry ground.
35.
'And of the water in the well they shall draw off the half,
or the third, or the fourth, or the fifth part, according as they
are able or not; and after the corpse has been taken out and the
water has been drawn off, the rest of the water is clean, and
both cattle and men may drink of it at their pleasure, as before.'
36.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What part of
a sheet of snow or hail does the Druj Nasu defile with corruption,
infection, and pollution?
37.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Three steps on each of the four sides.
As long as the corpse has not been taken out of the water, so
long shall that water be unclean and unfit to drink. They shall,
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therefore, take the corpse out of the pond, and lay it down on
the dry ground.
38.
'After the corpse has been taken out, and the snow or the
hail has melted, the water is clean, and both cattle and men may
drink of it at their pleasure, as before.'
39.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What part of
the water of a running stream does the Druj Nasu defile with corruption,
infection, and pollution?
40.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Three steps down the stream, nine steps
up the stream, six steps across. As long as the corpse has not
been taken out of the water, so long shall that water be unclean
and unfit to drink. They shall, therefore, take the corpse out
of the pond, and lay it down on the dry ground.
41.
'After the corpse has been taken out and the stream has flowed
three times, the water is clean, and both cattle and men may drink
of it at their pleasure, as before.'
IV.
42.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can the Haoma
that has been touched with Nasu from a dead dog, or from a dead
man, be made clean again?
43.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'It can, O holy Zarathushtra! If it
has been prepared for the sacrifice, there is to it no corruption,
no death, no touch of any Nasu. If it has not been prepared for
the sacrifice, [the stem] is defiled the length of four fingers:
it shall be laid down on the ground, in the middle of the house,
for a year long. When the year is passed, the faithful may drink
of its juice at their pleasure, as before.'
V.
44.
O Maker of the material world, thou holy One! Whither shall
we bring, where shall we lay the bodies of the dead, O Ahura Mazda?
45.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'On the highest summits, where they
know there are always corpseeating dogs and corpseeating birds,
O holy Zarathushtra!
46.
'There shall the worshippers of Mazda fasten the corpse, by
the feet and by the hair, with brass, stones, or clay, lest the
corpseeating dogs and the corpseeating birds shall go and carry
the bones to the water and to the trees.
47.
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'If they shall not fasten the corpse, so that the corpseeating
dogs and the corpseeating birds may go and carry the bones to
the water and to the trees, what is the penalty that they shall
pay?'
48.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall be Peshotanus: two hundred
stripes with the Aspaheashtra, two hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
49.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Whither shall
we bring, where shall we lay the bones of the dead, O Ahura Mazda?
50.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'The worshippers of Mazda shall make
a receptacle out of the reach of the dog, of the fox, and of the
wolf, and wherein rainwater cannot stay.
51.
'They shall make it, if they can afford it, with stones, plaster,
or earth; if they cannot afford it, they shall lay down the dead
man on the ground, on his carpet and his pillow, clothed with
the light of heaven, and beholding the sun.'
FARGARD 7. Purity laws
I.
1.
Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O Ahura Mazda, most beneficent
Spirit, Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When a man
dies, at what moment does the Druj Nasu rush upon him?'
2.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Directly after death, as soon as the
soul has left the body, O Spitama Zarathushtra! the Druj Nasu
comes and rushes upon him, from the regions of the north, in the
shape of a raging fly, with knees and tail sticking out, droning
without end, and like unto the foulest Khrafstras.
[3.
'On him she stays until the dog has seen the corpse or eaten
it up, or until the flesheating birds have taken flight towards
it. When the dog has seen it or eaten it up, or when the flesheating
birds have taken flight towards it, then the Druj Nasu rushes
away to the regions of the north in the shape of a raging fly,
with knees and tail sticking out, droning without end, and like
unto the foulest Khrafstras.']
4.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If the man has
been killed by a dog, or by a wolf, or by witchcraft, or by the
artifices of hatred, or by falling down a precipice, or by the
law, or by calumny, or by the noose, how long after death does
the Druj Nasu come and rush upon the dead?
5.
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Ahura Mazda answered: 'At the next watch after death, the
Druj Nasu comes and rushes upon the dead, from the regions of
the north, in the shape of a raging fly, with knees and tail sticking
out, droning without end, and like unto the foulest Khrafstras.'
II.
6.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If there be
a number of men resting in the same place, on the same carpet,
on the same pillows, be there two men near one another, or five,
or fifty, or a hundred, close by one another; and of those people
one happens to die; how many of them does the Druj Nasu envelope
with corruption, infection, and pollution? 7. Ahura Mazda answered:
'If the dead one be a priest, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama
Zarathushtra! she goes as far as the eleventh and defiles the
ten.
'If the dead one he a warrior, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama
Zarathushtra! she goes as far as the tenth and defiles the nine.
'If the dead one be a husbandman, the Druj Nasu rushes forth,
O Spitama Zarathushtra! she goes as far as the ninth and defiles
the eight.
8.
'If it be a shepherd's dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O
Spitama Zarathushtra! she goes as far as the eighth and defiles
the seven.
'If it be a house dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama Zarathushtra!
she goes as far as the seventh and defiles the six. 9. 'If it
he a Vohunazga dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama Zarathushtra!
she goes as far as the sixth and defiles the five.
'If it be a Tauruna dog, the Druj Nasu rushes forth, O Spitama
Zarathushtra! she goes as far as the fifth and defiles the four.'
. . . 'Those clothes shall serve for their coverings and for their
sheets.'. . .
III.
10.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What part of
his bedding and pillow does the Druj Nasu defile with corruption,
infection, and pollution?
11.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'The Druj Nasu defiles with corruption,
infection, and pollution the upper sheet and the inner garment.'
12.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can that garment
be made clean, O holy Ahura Mazda! that has been touched by the
carcass of a dog or the corpse of a man?
13.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'It can, O holy Zarathushtra!'
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How so?
'If there be on the garment seed, or blood, or dirt, or vomit,
the worshippers of Mazda shall rend it to pieces, and bury it
under the ground.
14.
'But if there be no seed [on the garment], nor blood, nor
dirt, nor vomit, then the worshippers of Mazda shall wash it with
gomez.
15.
'If it be leather, they shall wash it with gomez three times,
they shall rub it with earth three times, they shall wash it with
water three times, and afterwards they shall expose it to the
air for three months at the window of the house.
'If it be woven cloth, they shall wash it with gomez six times,
they shall rub it with earth six times, they shall wash it with
water six times, and afterwards they shall expose it to the air
for six months at the window of the house.
16.
'The spring named Ardvi Sura, O Spitama Zarathushtra! that
spring of mine, purifies the seed of males, the womb of females,
the milk of females.'
17.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can those clothes,
when once washed and cleansed, ever be used either by a Zaotar,
or by a Havanan, or by an Atarevakhsha, or by a Frabaretar, or
by an Abered, or by an Asnatar, or by a Rathwishkar, or by a Sraoshavarez,
or by any priest, warrior, or husbandman?
18.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Never can those clothes, even when
washed and cleansed, be used either by a Zaotar, or by a Havanan,
or by an Atarevakhsha, or by a Frabaretar, or by an Abered, or
by an Asnatar, or by a Rathwishkar, or by a Sraoshavarez, or
by any priest, warrior, or husbandman.
19.
'But if there be in a Mazdean house a woman who is in her
sickness, or a man who has become unfit for work, and who must
sit in the place of infirmity, those clothes shall serve for their
coverings and for their sheets, until they can withdraw their
hands for prayer.
20.
'Ahura Mazda, indeed, does not allow us to waste anything
of value that we may have, not even so much as an Asperena's weight
of thread, not even so much as a maid lets fall in spinning.
21.
'Whosoever throws any clothing on a dead body, even so much
as a maid lets fall in spinning, is not a pious man whilst alive,
nor shall he, when dead, have a place in Paradise.
22.
'He makes himself a viaticum unto the world of the wicked,
into that world, made of darkness, the offspring of darkness,
which is Darkness' self. To that world, to the world of Hell,
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you are delivered by your own doings, by your own religion, O
sinners!'
IV.
23.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can he be clean
again who has eaten of the carcass of a dog or of the corpse of
a man?
24.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He cannot, O holy Zarathushtra! His
burrow shall be dug out, his heart shall be torn out, his bright
eyes shall be put out; the Druj Nasu falls upon him, takes hold
of him even to the end of the nails, and he is unclean thenceforth,
for ever and ever.'
V.
25.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can he be clean
again, O holy Ahura Mazda! who has brought a corpse with filth
into the waters, or unto the fire, and made either unclean?
26.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He cannot, O holy Zarathushtra! Those
wicked ones it is, those Nasucutters, that most increase spiders
and locusts; those wicked ones it is, those Nasucutters, that
most increase the grassdestroying drought.
27. 'Those wicked ones it is, those Nasucutters, that increase
most the power of the winter, produced by the fiends, the cattlekilling,
thick snowing, overflowing, the piercing, fierce, mischievous
winter. Upon them comes and rushes the Druj Nasu she takes hold
of them even to the end of the nails, and they are unclean, thenceforth,
for ever and ever.'
VI.
28. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can the
wood be made clean, O holy Ahura Mazda! whereunto Nasu has been
brought from a dead dog, or from a dead man?
29. Ahura Mazda answered: 'It can, O holy Zarathushtra!'
How so?
'If the Nasu has not yet been expelled by the corpseeating
dogs, or by the corpseeating birds, they shall lay down, apart
on the ground, all the wood on a Vitasti a all around, if the
wood be dry; on a Frarathni all around, if it be wet; then they
shall sprinkle it once over with water, and it shall be clean.
30. 'But if the Nasu has already been expelled by the corpseeating
dogs, or by the corpseeating birds, they shall lay down, apart
on the ground, all the wood on a Frarathni all around, if the
wood be dry; on a Frabazu all around, if it be wet; then they
shall sprinkle it once over with water, and it shall be clean.
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31. 'Thus much of the wood around the dead shall they lay
down, apart on the ground, according as the wood is dry or wet;
as it is hard or soft; they shall sprinkle it once over with water,
and it shall be clean.'
32. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can the
corn or the fodder be made clean O holy Ahura Mazda! whereunto
Nasu has been brought from a dead dog, or from a dead man?
33. Ahura Mazda answered: 'It can, O holy Zarathushtra!' How
so?
'If the Nasu has not yet been expelled by the corpseeating
dogs, or by the corpseeating birds they shall lay down, apart
on the ground, all the corn on a Frarathni all around, if the
corn be dry on a Frabazu all around, if it be wet; then they shall
sprinkle it once over with water, and it shall be clean.
34. 'But if the Nasu has already been expelled by the corpseeating
dogs, or by the corpseeating birds, they shall lay down, apart
on the ground, all the corn on a Frabazu all around, if the corn
be dry; on a Vibazu all around, if it be wet then they shall sprinkle
it once over with water, and it shall be clean.
35. 'Thus much of the corn around the dead shall they lay
down, apart on the ground, according as the corn is dry or wet;
as it is sown or not sown; as it is reaped or not reaped; [as
it is beaten or not beaten]1; as it is winnowed or not winnowed;
[as it is ground or not ground]2; as it is kneaded [or not kneaded]3;
they shall sprinkle it once over with water, and it shall be clean.'
VIIa.
36. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a worshipper
of Mazda want to practice the art of healing, on whom shall he
first prove his skill? on worshippers of Mazda or on worshippers
of the Daevas?
37. Ahura Mazda answered: 'On worshippers of the Daevas shall
he first prove himself, rather than on worshippers of Mazda. If
he treat with the knife a worshipper of the Daevas and he die;
if he treat with the knife a second worshipper of the Daevas and
he die; if he treat with the knife for the third time a worshipper
of the Daevas and he die, he is unfit for ever and ever.
38. 'Let him therefore never attend any worshipper of Mazda;
let him never treat with the knife and worshipper of Mazda, nor
wound him with the knife. If he shall ever attend any worshipper
of Mazda, if he shall ever treat with the knife any worshipper
of Mazda, and wound him with the knife, he shall pay for his wound
the penalty for willful murder.
39. 'If he treat with the knife a worshipper of the Daevas
and he recover; if he treat with the knife a second worshipper
of the Daevas and he recover; if for the third time he treat with
the knife a worshipper of the Daevas and he recover; then he is
fit for ever and ever.
40. 'He may henceforth at his will attend worshippers of Mazda;
he may at his will treat with the knife worshippers of Mazda,
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and heal them with the knife.
VIIb.
41. 'A healer shall heal a priest for a blessing of the just;
he shall heal the master of a house for the value of an ox of
low value; he shall heal the lord of a borough for the value of
an ox of average value; he shall heal the lord of a town for the
value of an ox of high value; he shall heal the lord of a province
for the value of a chariot and four.
42. 'He shall heal the wife of the master of a house for the
value of a sheass; he shall heal the wife of the lord of a borough
for the value of a cow; he shall heal the wife of the lord of
a town for the value of a mare; he shall heal the wife of the
lord of a province for the value of a shecamel.
43. 'He shall heal the heir of a great house for the value
of an ox of high value; he shall heal an ox of high value for
the value of an ox of aver age value; he shall heal an ox of
average value for the value of an ox of low value; he shall heal
an ox of low value for the value of a sheep; he shall heal a sheep
for the value of a piece of meat.
44. 'If several healers offer themselves together, O Spitama
Zarathushtra! namely, one who heals with the knife, one who heals
with herbs, and one who heals with the Holy Word, let one apply
to the healing by the Holy Word: for this one is the besthealing
of all healers who heals with the Holy Word; he will best drive
away sickness from the body of the faithful.'
VIII.
45. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How long
after the corpse of a dead man has been laid down on the ground,
clothed with the light of heaven and beholding the sun, is the
ground clean again?
46. Ahura Mazda answered: 'When the corpse of a dead man has
lain on the ground for a year, clothed with the light of heaven,
and beholding the sun, then the ground is clean again, O holy
Zarathushtra!'
47. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How long
after the corpse of a dead man has been buried in the earth, is
the earth clean again?
48. Ahura Mazda answered: 'When the corpse of a dead man has
lain buried in the earth for fifty years, O Spitama Zarathushtra!
then the earth is clean again.'
49. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How long
after the corpse of a dead man has been laid down on a Dakhma,
is the ground, whereon the Dakhma stands, clean again?
50. Ahura Mazda answered: 'Not until the dust of the corpse,
O Spitama Zarathushtra! has mingled with the dust of the earth.
Urge every one in the material world, O Spitama Zarathushtra!
to pull down Dakhmas.
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51. 'He who should pull down Dakhmas, even so much thereof
as the size of his own body, his sins in thought, word, and deed
are remitted as they would be by a Patet; his sins in thought,
word, and deed are undone.
52. 'Not for his soul shall the two spirits wage war with
one another; and when he enters Paradise, the stars, the moon,
and the sun shall rejoice in him; and I, Ahura Mazda, shall rejoice
in him, saying: " Hail, O man! thou who hast just passed
from the decaying world into the undecaying one!"'
55. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Where are
there Daevas: Where is it they offer worship to the Daevas: What
is the place whereon troops of Daevas rush together, whereon troops
of Daevas come rushing along? What is the place whereon they rush
together to kill their fifties and their hundreds, their hundreds
and their thousands, their thousands and their tens of thousands,
their tens of thousands and their myriads of myriads?
56. Ahura Mazda answered: 'Those Dakhmas that are built upon
the face of the earth, O Spitama Zarathushtra! and whereon are
laid the corpses of dead men, that is the place where there are
Daevas, that is the place whereon troops of Daevas rush together;
whereon troops of Daevas come rushing along; whereon they rush
together to kill their fifties and their hundreds, their hundreds
and their thousands, their thousands and their tens of thousands,
their tens of thousands and their myriads of myriads.
57. 'On those Dakhmas, O Spitama Zarathushtra! those Daevas
take food and void filth. As you, men, in the material world,
you cook meal and eat cooked meat, so do they. It is, as it were,
the smell of their feeding that you smell there, O men!
58. 'For thus they go on reveling, until that stench is rooted
in the Dakhmas. In those Dakhmas arise the infection of diseases,
itch, hot fever, naeza, cold fever, rickets, and hair untimely
white. On those Dakhmas meet the worst murderers, from the hour
when the sun is down.
59. 'And people of small understanding who do not seek for
better understanding, the Gainis make those diseases grow stronger
by a third, on their thighs, on their hands, on their threeplaited
hair.'
IX.
60. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If in the
house of a worshipper of Mazda there be a woman with child, and
if being a month gone, or two, or three, or four, or five, or
six, or seven, or eight, or nine, or ten months gone, she bring
forth a stillborn child, what shall the worshippers of Mazda
do?
61. Ahura Mazda answered: 'The place in that Mazdean house
whereof the ground is the cleanest and the driest, and the least
passed through by flocks and herds, by the fire of Ahura Mazda,
by the consecrated bundles of baresma, and by the faithful;'
62. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How far
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from the fire? How far from the water? How far from the consecrated
bundles of baresma? How far from the faithful?
63. Ahura Mazda answered: 'Thirty paces from the fire; thirty
paces from the water; thirty paces from the consecrated bundles
of Baresma; three paces from the faithful;
64. 'On that place shall the worshippers of Mazda erect an
enclosure, and therein shall they establish her with food, therein
shall they establish her with clothes.'
65. O Maker of the material word, thou Holy One! What is the
food that the woman shall first take?
66. Ahura Mazda answered: 'Gomez mixed with ashes, three draughts
of it, or six, or nine, to send down the Dakhma within her womb.
67. 'Afterwards she may drink boiling milk of mares, cows,
sheep, or goats, with pap or without pap; she may take cooked
milk without water, meal without water, and wine without water.'
68. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How long shall
she remain so? How long shall she live thus on milk, meal, and
wine?
69. Ahura Mazda answered: 'Three nights long shall she remain
so; three nights long shall she live thus on milk, meal, and wine.
Then, when three nights have passed, she shall wash her body,
she shall wash her clothes, with gomez and water, by the nine
holes, and thus shall she be clean.'
70. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! But if fever
befall her unclean body, if these two worst pains, hunger and
thirst, befall her, may she be allowed to drink water?
71. Ahura Mazda answered: 'She may; the first thing for her
is to have her life saved. From the hands of one of the holy men,
a holy faithful man, who knows the holy knowledge, she shall drink
of the strengthgiving water. But you, worshippers of Mazda, fix
ye the penalty for it. The Ratu being applied to, the Sraoshavarez
being applied to, shall prescribe the penalty to be paid.'
72. What is the penalty to be paid?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'The deed is that of a Peshotanu: two
hundred stripes with the Aspaheastra, two hundred stripes with
the Sraoshocharana.'
X.
73. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can the
eatingvessels be made clean that have been touched by Nasu from
a dog, or Nasu from a man?
74. Ahura Mazda answered: 'They can, O holy Zarathushtra!'
How so?
'If they be of gold, you shall wash them once with gomez,
you shall rub them once with earth, you shall wash them once with
water, and they shall be clean.
'If they be of silver, you shall wash them twice with gomez,
you shall rub them twice with earth, you shall wash them twice
with water, and they shall be clean.
[75. 'If they be of brass, you shall wash them thrice with
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gomez, you shall rub them thrice with earth, you shall wash them
thrice with water, and they shall be clean.
'If they be of steel, you shall wash them four times with
gomez, you shall rub them four times with earth, you shall wash
them four times with water, and they shall be clean.
'If they be of stone, you shall wash them six times with gomez,
you shall rub them six times with earth, you shall wash them six
times with water, and they shall be clean.]
'If they be of earth, of wood, or of clay, they are unclean
for ever and ever.'
XI.
76. O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can the
cow be made clean that has eaten of the carcass of a dog, or of
the corpse of a man?
77. Ahura Mazda answered: 'She can, O holy Zarathushtra! The
priest shall not, within a year, take from her either milk or
cheese for the libation, nor meat for the libation and the Baresma.
When a year has passed, then the faithful may eat of her as before.'
XII.
78. Who is he, O holy Ahura Mazda! who, meaning well and desiring
righteousness, prevents righteousness? Who is he who, meaning
well, falls into the ways of the Druj?
79. Ahura Mazda answered: 'This one, meaning well and desiring
righteousness, prevents righteousness; this one, meaning well,
falls into the ways of the Druj, who offers up water defiled by
the dead and unfit for libation; or who offers up in the dead
of the night water unfit for libation.'
FARGARD 8. Purity laws
I.
1.
If a dog or a man die under a hut of wood or a hut of felt,
what shall the worshippers of Mazda do?
2.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall search for a Dakhma, they
shall look for a Dakhma all around. If they find it easier to
remove the dead, they shall take out the dead, they shall let
the house stand, and shall perfume it with Urvasna or Vohugaona,
or Vohukereti, or Hadhanaepata, or any other sweetsmelling
plant.
3.
'If they find it easier to remove the house, they shall take
away the house, they shall let the dead he on the spot, and shall
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perfume the house with Urvasna, or Vohugaona, or Vohukereti,
or Hadhanaepata, or any other sweetsmelling plant.'
II
4.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If in the house
of a worshipper of Mazda a dog or a man happens to die, and it
is raining, or snowing, or blowing, or it is dark, or the day
is at its end, when flocks and men lose their way, what shall
the worshippers of Mazda do?
5.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'The place in that house whereof the
ground is the cleanest and the driest, and the least passed through
by flocks and herds, by the fire of Ahura Mazda, by the consecrated
bundles of Baresma, and by the faithful;'
6.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How far from
the fire? How far from the water? How far from the consecrated
bundles of Baresma? How far from the faithful?
7.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Thirty paces from the fire; thirty
paces from the water; thirty paces from the consecrated bundles
of Baresma; three paces from the faithful;
8.
'On that place they shall dig a grave, half a foot deep if
the earth be hard, half the height of a man if it be soft; [they
shall cover the surface of the grave with ashes or cowdung]; they
shall cover the surface of it with dust of bricks, of stones,
or of dry earth.
9.
'And they shall let the lifeless body lie there, for two nights,
or three nights, or a month long, until the birds begin to fly,
the plants to grow, the hidden floods to flow, and the wind to
dry up the earth.
10.
'And when the birds begin to fly, the plants to grow, the
hidden floods to flow, and the wind to dry up the earth, then
the worshippers of Mazda shall make a breach in the wall of the
house, and two men, strong and skillful, having stripped their
clothes off, shall take up the body from the clay or the stones,
or from the plastered house, and they shall lay it down on a place
where they know there are always corpseeating dogs and corpseeating
birds.
11.
'Afterwards the corpsebearers shall sit down, three paces
from the dead, and the holy Ratu shall proclaim to the worshippers
of Mazda thus: "Worshippers of Mazda, let the urine be brought
here wherewith the corpsebearers there shall wash their hair
and their bodies!"'
12.
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O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Which is the
urine wherewith the corpsebearers shall wash their hair and their
bodies? Is it of sheep or of oxen? Is it of man or of woman?
13.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'It is of sheep or of oxen; not of man
nor of woman, except a man or a woman who has married the nextofkin:
these shall therefore procure the urine wherewith the corpsebearers
shall wash their hair and their bodies.'
III
14.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can the way,
whereon the carcasses of dogs or corpses of men have been carried,
be passed through again by flocks and herds, by men and women,
by the fire of Ahura Mazda, by the consecrated bundles of Baresma,
and by the faithful?
15.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'It cannot be passed through again by
flocks and herds, nor by men and women, nor by the fire of Ahura
Mazda, nor by the consecrated bundles of Baresma, nor by the faithful.
16.
'They shall therefore cause a yellow dog with four eyes, or
a white dog with yellow ears, to go three times through that way.
When either the yellow dog with four eyes, or the white dog with
yellow ears, is brought there, then the Druj Nasu flies away to
the regions of the north, [in the shape of a raging fly, with
knees and tail sticking out, droning without end, and like unto
the foulest Khrafstras.]
17.
'If the dog goes unwillingly, O Spitama Zarathushtra, they
shall cause the yellow dog with four eyes, or the white dog with
yellow ears, to go six times through that way. When either the
yellow dog with four eyes, or the white dog with yellow ears,
is brought there, then the Druj Nasu flies away to the regions
of the north, [in the shape of a raging fly, with knees and tail
sticking out, droning without end, and like unto the foulest Khrafstras.]
18.
'If the dog goes unwillingly, they shall cause the yellow
dog with four eyes, or the white dog with yellow ears, to go nine
times through that way. When either the yellow dog with four eyes,
or the white dog with yellow ears, has been brought there, then
the Druj Nasu flies away to the regions of the north, [in the
shape of a raging fly, with knees and tail sticking out, droning
without end, and like unto the foulest Khrafstras.]
19.
'An Athravan shall first go along the way and shall say aloud
these victorious words: "Yatha aha vairyo: The will of
the Lord is the law of righteousness.
'"The gifts of Vohumano to the deeds done in this world
for Mazda.
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'"He who relieves the poor makes Ahura king.
20.
'"Kemna mazda: What protector hast thou given unto
me, O Mazda! while the hate of the wicked encompasses me? Whom
but thy Atar and Vohumano, through whose work I keep on the world
of righteousness? Reveal therefore to me thy Religion as thy rule!
'"Ke verethremja: Who is the victorious who will protect
thy teaching? Make it clear that I am the guide for both worlds.
May Sraosha come with Vohumano and help whomsoever thou pleasest,
O Mazda!
21.
'"Keep us from our hater, O Mazda and Armaiti Spenta!
Perish, O fiendish Druj! Perish, O brood of the fiend! Perish,
O creation of the fiend! Perish, O world of the fiend! Perish
away, O Druj! Rush away, O Druj! Perish away, O Druj! Perish away
to the regions of the north, never more to give unto death the
living world of Righteousness!"
22.
'Then the worshippers of Mazda may at their will bring by
those ways sheep and oxen, men and women, and Fire, the son of
Ahura Mazda, the consecrated bundles of Baresma, and the faithful.
'The worshippers of Mazda may afterwards prepare meals with meat
and wine in that house; it shall be clean, and there will be no
sin, as before.'
IV
23.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall
throw clothes, either of skin or woven, upon a dead body, enough
to cover the feet, what is the penalty that he shall pay? Ahura
Mazda answered: 'Four hundred stripes with the Aspaheastra, four
hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
24.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall
throw clothes, either of skin or woven, upon a dead body, enough
to cover both legs, what is the penalty that he shall pay? Ahura
Mazda answered: 'Six hundred stripes with the Aspaheastra, six
hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
25.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall
throw clothes, either of skin or woven, upon a dead body, enough
to cover the whole body, what is the penalty that he shall pay?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'A thousand stripes with the Aspaheastra,
a thousand stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
V
26.
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O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man, by
force, commits the unnatural sin, what is the penalty that he
shall pay?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Eight hundred stripes with the Aspaheastra,
eight hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
27.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man voluntarily
commits the unnatural sin, what is the penalty for it? What is
the atonement for it? What is the cleansing from it?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'For that deed there is nothing that can
pay, nothing that can atone, nothing that can cleanse from it;
it is a trespass for which there is no atonement, for ever and
ever.'
28.
When is it so?
'It is so if the sinner be a professor of the Religion of Mazda,
or one who has been taught in it.
'But if he be not a professor of the Religion of Mazda, nor one
who has been taught in it, then his sin is taken from him, if
he makes confession of the Religion of Mazda and resolves never
to commit again such forbidden deeds.
29.
'The Religion of Mazda indeed, O Spitama Zarathushtra! takes
away from him who makes confession of it the bonds of his sin;
it takes away (the sin of) breach of trust; it takes away (the
sin of) murdering one of the faithful; it takes away (the sin
of) burying a corpse; it takes away (the sin of) deeds for which
there is no atonement; it takes away the worst sin of usury; it
takes away any sin that may be sinned.
30.
In the same way the Religion of Mazda, O Spitama Zarathushtra!
cleanses the faithful from every evil thought, word, and deed,
as a swiftrushing mighty wind cleanses the plain.
'So let all the deeds he doeth be henceforth good, O Zarathushtra!
a full atonement for his sin is effected by means of the Religion
of Mazda.'
31.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Who is the man
that is a Daeva? Who is he that is a worshipper of the Daevas?
that is a male paramour of the Daevas? that is a female paramour
of the Daevas? that is a wife to the Daeva? that is as bad as
a Daeva: that is in his whole being a Daeva? Who is he that is
a Daeva before he dies, and becomes one of the unseen Daevas after
death?
32.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'The man that lies with mankind as man
lies with womankind, or as woman lies with mankind, is the man
that is a Daeva; this one is the man that is a worshipper of the
Daevas, that is a male paramour of the Daevas, that is a female
paramour of the Daevas, that is a wife to the Daeva; this is the
man that is as bad as a Daeva, that is in his whole being a Daeva;
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this is the man that is a Daeva before he dies, and becomes one
of the unseen Daevas after death: so is he, whether he has lain
with mankind as mankind, or as womankind.'
VI
33.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Shall the man
be clean who has touched a corpse that has been dried up and dead
more than a year?
34.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He shall. The dry mingles not with
the dry. Should the dry mingle with the dry, how soon all this
material world of mine would be only one Peshotanu, bent on the
destruction of righteousness, and whose soul will cry and wail!
so numberless are the beings that die upon the face of the earth.'
VII
35.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can the man
be made clean that has touched the corpse of a dog or the corpse
of a man?
36.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He can, O holy Zarathushtra!'
How so?
'If the Nasu has already been expelled by the corpseeating dogs,
or by the corpseeating birds, he shall cleanse his body with
gomez and water, and he shall be clean.
37.
'If the Nasu has not yet been expelled by the corpseeating
dogs, or by the corpseeating birds, then the worshippers of Mazda
shall dig three holes in the ground, and he shall thereupon wash
his body with gomez, not with water. They shall then lift and
bring my dog, they shall bring him (thus shall it be done and
not otherwise) in front [of the man].
38.
'The worshippers of Mazda shall dig three other holes in the
ground, and he shall thereupon wash his body with gomez, not with
water. They shall then lift and bring my dog, they shall bring
him (thus shall it be done and not otherwise) in front [of the
man]. Then shall they wait until he is dried even to the last
hair on the top of his head.
39.
'They shall dig three more holes in the ground, three paces
away from the preceding, and he shall thereupon wash his body
with water, not with gomez.
40.
'He shall first wash his hands; if his hands be not first
washed, he makes the whole of his body unclean. When he has washed
his hands three times, after his hands have been washed, thou
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shalt sprinkle with water the forepart of his skull.'
41.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the forepart of the skull, whereon does the Druj
Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'In front, between the brows, the Druj Nasu
rushes.'
42.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach in front, between the brows, whereon does the Druj
Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'On the back part of the skull the Druj
Nasu rushes.'
43.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the back part of the skull, whereon does the Druj
Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'In front, on the jaws, the Druj Nasu rushes.'
44.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach in front, on the jaws, whereon does the Druj Nasu
rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the right ear the Druj Nasu rushes.'
45.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the right ear, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the left ear the Druj Nasu rushes.'
46.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the left ear, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the right shoulder the Druj Nasu rushes.'
47.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the right shoulder, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the left shoulder the Druj Nasu rushes.'
48.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the left shoulder, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the right armpit the Druj Nasu rushes.'
49.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the right armpit, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the left armpit the Druj Nasu rushes.'
50.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the left armpit, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'In front, upon the chest, the Druj Nasu
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rushes.'
51.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the chest in front, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the back the Druj Nasu rushes.'
52.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the back, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the right nipple the Druj Nasu rushes.'
53.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the right nipple, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the left nipple the Druj Nasu rushes.'
54.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the left nipple, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the right rib the Druj Nasu rushes.'
55.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the right rib, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the left rib the Druj Nasu rushes.'
56.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the left rib, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the right hip the Druj Nasu rushes.'
57.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the right hip, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the left hip the Druj Nasu rushes.'
58.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the left hip, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the sexual parts the Druj Nasu rushes.
If the unclean one be a man, thou shalt sprinkle him first behind,
then before; if the unclean one be a woman, thou shalt sprinkle
her first before, then behind.'
59.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the sexual parts, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the right thigh the Druj Nasu rushes.'
60.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the right thigh, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the left thigh the Druj Nasu rushes.'
61.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the left thigh, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the right knee the Druj Nasu rushes.'
62.
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O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the right knee, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the left knee the Druj Nasu rushes.'
63.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the left knee, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the right leg the Druj Nasu rushes.'
64.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the right leg, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the left leg the Druj Nasu rushes.'
65.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the left leg, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the right ankle the Druj Nasu rushes.'
66.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the right ankle, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the left ankle the Druj Nasu rushes.'
67.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the left ankle, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the right instep the Druj Nasu rushes.'
68.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the right instep, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Upon the left instep the Druj Nasu rushes.'
69.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When the good
waters reach the left instep, whereon does the Druj Nasu rush?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'She turns round under the sole of the foot;
it looks like the wing of a fly.
70.
'He shall press his toes upon the ground, and shall raise
up his heels; thou shalt sprinkle his right sole with water; then
the Druj Nasu rushes upon the left sole. Thou shalt sprinkle the
left sole with water; then the Druj Nasu turns round under the
toes; it looks like the wing of a fly.
71.
'He shall press his heels upon the ground, and shall raise
up his toes; thou shalt sprinkle his right toe with water; then
the Druj Nasu rushes upon the left toe. Thou shalt sprinkle the
left toe with water; then the Druj Nasu flies away to the regions
of the north, in the shape of a raging fly, with knees and tail
sticking out, droning without end, and like unto the foulest Khrafstras.
[
72.
'And thou shalt say aloud these victorious, most healing words:
'"The will of the Lord is the law of holiness," etc.
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'"What protector hast thou given unto me, O Mazda! while
the hate of the wicked encompasses me?"
'"Who is the victorious who will protect thy teaching?"
'"Keep us from our hater, O Mazda and Armaiti Spenta!
Perish, O fiendish Druj! Perish, O brood of the fiend! Perish,
O creation of the fiend! Perish O world of the fiend! Perish away,
O Druj! Rush away, O Druj! Perish away, O Druj! Perish away to
the regions of the north, never more to give unto death the living
world of Righteousness!"']
VIII
73.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If worshippers
of Mazda, walking, or running, or riding, or driving, come upon
a Nasuburning fire, whereon Nasu is being burnt or cooked, what
shall they do?
74.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall kill the man that cooks
the Nasu; surely they shall kill him. They shall take off the
cauldron, they shall take off the tripod.
75.
'Then they shall kindle wood from that fire; either wood of
those trees that have the seed of fire in them, or bundles of
the very wood that was prepared for that fire; then they shall
take it farther and disperse it, that it may die out the sooner.
76.
'Thus they shall lay a first bundle on the ground, a Vitasti
away from the Nasuburning fire; then they shall take it farther
and disperse it, that it may die out the sooner.
77.
'They shall lay down a second bundle on the ground, a Vitasti
away from the Nasuburning fire: then they shall take it farther
and disperse it, that it may die out the sooner.
'They shall lay down a third bundle on the ground, a Vitasti away
from the Nasuburning fire; then they shall take it farther and
disperse it, that it may die out the sooner.
'They shall lay down a fourth bundle on the ground, a Vitasti
away from the Nasuburning fire; then they shall take it farther
and disperse it, that it may die out the sooner.
'They shall lay down a fifth bundle on the ground, a Vitasti away
from the Nasuburning fire; then they shall take it farther and
disperse it, that it may die out the sooner.
'They shall lay down a sixth bundle on the ground, a Vitasti away
from the Nasuburning fire; then they shall take it farther and
disperse it, that it may die out the sooner.
'They shall lay down a seventh bundle on the ground, a Vitasti
away from the Nasuburning fire; then they shall take it farther
and disperse it, that it may die out the sooner.
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They shall lay down an eighth bundle on the ground, a Vitasti
away from the Nasuburning fire; then they shall take it farther
and disperse it, that it may die out the sooner.
78.
'They shall lay down a ninth bundle on the ground, a Vitasti
away from the Nasuburning fire; then they shall take it farther
and disperse it, that it may die out the sooner.
79.
'If a man shall then piously bring unto the fire, O Spitama
Zarathushtra! wood of Urvasna, or Vohugaona, or Vohukereti,
or Hadhanaepata, or any other sweetsmelling wood;
80.
'Wheresoever the wind shall bring the perfume of the fire,
thereunto the fire of Ahura Mazda shall go and kill thousands
of unseen Daevas, thousands of fiends, the brood of darkness,
thousands of couples of Yatus and Pairikas.'
IX
81.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring
a Nasuburning fire to the Daityogatu, what shall be his reward
when his soul has parted with his body?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,
here below, brought ten thousand firebrands to the Daityogatu.'
82.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring
to the Daityogatu the fire wherein impure liquid has been burnt,
what shall be his reward when his soul has parted with his body?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,
here below, brought a thousand firebrands to the Daityogatu.
83.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring
to the Daityogatu the fire wherein dung has been burnt, what
shall be his reward when his soul has parted with his body?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,
here below, brought five hundred firebrands to the Daityogatu.'
84.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring
to the Daityogatu the fire from the kiln of a potter, what shall
be his reward when his soul has parted with his body?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,
here below, brought four hundred firebrands to the Daityogatu.'
85.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring
to the Daityogatu the fire from a glazier's kiln, what shall
be his reward when his soul has parted with his body?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,
here below, brought to the Daityogatu as many firebrands as
there were glasses [brought to that fire].'
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86.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring
to the Daityogatu the fire from the aonya paroberejya, what
shall be his reward when his soul has parted with his body?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,
here below, brought to the Daityogatu as many firebrands as
there were plants.'
87.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring
to the Daityogatu the fire from under the puncheon of a goldsmith,
what shall be his reward when his soul has parted with his body?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,
here below, brought a hundred firebrands to the Daityogatu.'
88.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring
to the Daityogatu the fire from under the puncheon of a silversmith,
what shall be his reward when his soul has parted with his body?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,
here below, brought ninety firebrands to the Daityogatu.'
89.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring
to the Daityogatu the fire from under the puncheon of a blacksmith,
what shall be his reward when his soul has parted with his body?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,
here below, brought eighty firebrands to the Daityogatu.'
90.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! It a man bring
to the Daityogatu the fire from under the puncheon of a worker
in steel, what shall be his reward when his soul has parted with
his body?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,
here below, brought seventy firebrands to the Daityogatu.'
91.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring
to the Daityogatu the fire of an oven, what shall be his reward
when his soul has parted from his body?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,
here below, brought sixty firebrands to the Daityogatu.'
92.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring
to the Daityogatu the fire from under a cauldron, what shall
be his reward when his soul has parted with his body?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as it he had,
here below, brought fifty firebrands to the Daityogatu.'
93.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring
to the Daityogatu the fire from an aonya takhairya, what shall
be his reward when his soul has parted with his body?
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Ahura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,
here below, brought forty firebrands to the Daityogatu.'
94.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring
a herdsman's fire to the Daityogatu, what shall be his reward
when his soul has parted with his body?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,
here below, brought thirty firebrands to the Daityogatu.'
95.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring
to the Daityogatu the fire of the field, what shall be his reward
when his soul has parted with his body?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,
here below, brought twenty firebrands to the Daityogatu.']
96.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man bring
to the Daityogatu the fire of his own hearth, what shall be his
reward when his soul has parted with his body?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'His reward shall be the same as if he had,
here below, brought ten firebrands to the Daityogatu.'
X
97.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Can a man be
made clean, O holy Ahura Mazda! who has touched a corpse in a
distant place in the wilderness?
98.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He can, O holy Zarathushtra.'
How so?
'If the Nasu has already been expelled by the corpseeating dogs
or the corpseeating birds, he shall wash his body with gomez;
he shall wash it thirty times, he shall rub it dry with the hand
thirty times, beginning every time with the head.
99.
'If the Nasu has not yet been expelled by the corpseeating
dogs or the corpseeating birds, he shall wash his body with gomez;
he shall wash it fifteen times, he shall rub it dry with the hand
fifteen times.
100.
'Then he shall run a distance of a Hathra. He shall run until
he meets some man on his way, and he shall cry out aloud: "Here
am I, one who has touched the corpse of a man, and who is powerless
in mind, powerless in tongue, powerless in hand. Do make me clean."
Thus shall he run until he overtakes the man. If the man will
not cleanse him, he remits him the third of his trespass.
101.
'Then he shall run another Hathra, he shall run off again
until he overtakes a man; if the man will not cleanse him, he
remits him the half of his trespass.
102.
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'Then he shall run a third Hathra, he shall run off a third
time until he overtakes a man; if the man will not cleanse him,
he remits him the whole of his trespass.
103.
'Thus shall he run forwards until he comes near a house, a
borough, a town, an inhabited district, and he shall cry out with
a loud voice: "Here am I, one who has touched the corpse
of a man, and who is powerless in mind, powerless in tongue, powerless
in hand. Do make me clean." If they will not cleanse him,
he shall cleanse his body with gomez and water; thus shall he
be clean.'
104.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If he find water
on his way and the water make him subject to a penalty, what is
the penalty that he shall pay?
105.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Four hundred stripes with the Aspaheastra,
four hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
106.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If he find trees
on his way and the fire make him subject to a penalty, what is
the penalty that he shall pay?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Four hundred stripes with the Aspaheastra,
four hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.
107.
'This is the penalty, this is the atonement which saves the
faithful man who submits to it, not him who does not submit to
it.
Such a one shall surely be an inhabitant in the mansion of the
Druj.'
FARGARD 9. The Nine Nights' Barashnum.
Ia.
1.
Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: O most beneficent Spirit,
Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! To whom shall they
apply here below, who want to cleanse their body defiled by the
dead?'
2.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'To a pious man, O Spitama Zarathushtra!
who knows how to speak, who speaks truth, who has learned the
Holy Word, who is pious, and knows best the rites of cleansing
according to the law of Mazda. That man shall fell the trees off
the surface of the ground on a space of nine Vibazus square;
3.
'in that part of the ground where there is least water and
where there are fewest trees, the part which is the cleanest and
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driest, and the least passed through by sheep and oxen, and by
the fire of Ahura Mazda, by the consecrated bundles of Baresma,
and by the faithful.'
4.
How far from the fire? How far from the water? How far from
the consecrated bundles of Baresma? How far from the faithful?
5.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Thirty paces from the fire, thirty
paces from the water, thirty paces from the consecrated bundles
of Baresma, three paces from the faithful.
6.
'Then thou shalt dig a hole, two fingers deep if the summer
has come, four fingers deep if the winter and ice have come.
7.
'Thou shalt dig a second hole, two fingers deep if the summer
has come, four fingers deep if the winter end ice have come.
'Thou shalt dig a third hole, two fingers deep if the summer has
come, four fingers deep if the winter and ice have come.
'Thou shalt dig a fourth hole, two fingers deep if the summer
has come, four fingers deep if the winter and ice have come.
'Thou shalt dig a fifth hole, two fingers deep if the summer has
come, four fingers deep if the winter and ice have come.
'Thou shalt dig a sixth hole, two fingers deep if the summer has
come, four fingers deep if the winter and ice have come.'
8.
How far from one another?
'One pace.'
How much is the pace?
'As much as three feet.
9.
'Then thou shalt dig three holes more, two fingers deep if
the summer has come, four fingers deep if the winter and ice have
come.'
How far from the former six?
'Three paces.'
What sort of paces?
'Such as are taken in walking.'
How much are those (three) paces?
'As much as nine feet.
10.
'Then thou shalt draw a furrow all around with a metal knife.'
How far from the holes?
'Three paces.'
What sort of paces?
'Such as are taken in walking.'
How much are those (three) paces?
'As much as nine feet.
11.
'Then thou shalt draw twelve furrows; three of which thou
shalt draw to surround and divided [from the rest] (the first)
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three holes; three thou shalt draw to surround and divide (the
first) six holes; three thou shalt draw to surround and divide
the nine holes; three thou shalt draw around the [three] inferior
holes, outside the [six other] holes. At each of the three times
nine feet, thou shalt place stones as steps to the holes; or potsherds,
or stumps, or clods, or any hard matter.'
Ib.
12.
'Then the man defiled shall walk to the holes; thou, O Zarathushtra!
shalt stand outside by the furrow, and thou shalt recite, Nemascha
ya armaitish izhacha; and the man defiled shall repeat, Nemascha
ya armaitish izhacha.
13.
'The Druj becomes weaker and weaker at every one of those
words which are a weapon to smite the fiend Angra Mainyu, to smite
Aeshma of the murderous spear, to smite the Mazainya fiends, to
smite all the fiends.
14.
'Then thou shalt take for the gomez a spoon of brass or of
lead. When thou takest a stick with nine knots, O Spitama Zarathushtra!
to sprinkle (the gomez) from that spoon, thou shalt fasten the
spoon to the end of the stick.
15.
'They shall wash his hands first. If his hands be not washed
first, he makes his whole body unclean. When he has washed his
hands three times, after his hands have been washed, thou shalt
sprinkle the forepart of his skull; then the Druj Nasu rushes
in front, between his brows.
16.
Thou shalt sprinkle him in front between the brows; then the
Druj Nasu rushes upon the back part of the skull.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the back part of the skull; then the Druj
Nasu rushes upon the jaws.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the jaws; then the Druj Nasu rushes upon
the right ear.
17.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the right ear; then the Druj Nasu rushes
upon the left ear.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the left ear; then the Druj Nasu rushes upon
the right shoulder.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the right shoulder; then the Druj Nasu rushes
upon the left shoulder.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the left shoulder; then the Druj Nasu rushes
upon the right armpit.
18.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the right armpit; then the Druj Nasu
rushes upon the left armpit.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the left armpit; then the Druj Nasu rushes
upon the chest.
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'Thou shalt sprinkle the chest; then the Druj Nasu rushes upon
the back.
19.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the back; then the Druj Nasu rushes upon
the right nipple.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the right nipple; then the Druj Nasu rushes
upon the left nipple.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the left nipple; then the Druj Nasu rushes
upon the right rib.
20.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the right rib; then the Druj Nasu rushes
upon the left rib.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the left rib; then the Druj Nasu rushes upon
the right hip.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the right hip; then the Druj Nasu rushes
'upon the left hip.
21.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the left hip; then the Druj Nasu rushes
upon the sexual parts.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the sexual parts. If the unclean one be a
man, thou shalt sprinkle him first behind, then before; if the
unclean one be a woman, thou shalt sprinkle her first before,
then behind; then the Druj Nasu rushes upon the right thigh.
22.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the right thigh; then the Druj Nasu rushes
upon the left thigh.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the left thigh; then the Druj Nasu rushes
upon the right knee.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the right knee; then the Druj Nasu rushes
upon the left knee.
23.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the left knee; then the Druj Nasu rushes
upon the right leg.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the right leg; then the Druj Nasu rushes
upon the left leg.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the left leg; then the Druj Nasu rushes upon
the right ankle.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the right ankle; then the Druj Nasu rushes
upon the left ankle.
24.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the left ankle; then the Druj Nasu rushes
upon the right instep.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the right instep; then the Druj Nasu rushes
upon the left instep.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the left instep; then the Druj Nasu turns
round under the sole of the foot; it looks like the wing of a
fly.
25.
'He shall press his toes upon the ground and shall raise up
his heels; thou shalt sprinkle his right sole; then the Druj Nasu
rushes upon the left sole.
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'Thou shalt sprinkle the left sole; then the Druj Nasu turns round
under the toes; it looks like the wing of a fly.
26.
'He shall press his heels upon the ground and shall raise
up his toes; thou shalt sprinkle his right toe; then the Druj
Nasu rushes upon the left toe.
'Thou shalt sprinkle the left toe; then the Druj Nasu flies away
to the regions of the north, in the shape of a raging fly, with
knees and tail sticking out, droning without end, and like unto
the foulest Khrafstras.
27.
'And thou shalt say these victorious, most healing words:
'"Yatha ahu vairyo: The will of the Lord is the law of
righteousness.
'"The gifts of Vohumano to deeds done in this world for
Mazda.
'"He who relieves the poor makes Ahura king.
'"Kemna mazda: What protector hadst thou given unto me,
O Mazda! while the hate of the wicked encompasses me? Whom, but
thy Atar and Vohumano, through whose work I keep on the world
of Righteousness? Reveal therefore to me thy Religion as thy rule!
'"Ke verethremja: Who is the victorious who will protect
thy teaching? Make it clear that I am the guide for both worlds.
May Sraosha come with Vohumano and help whomsoever thou pleasest,
O Mazda!
'"Keep us from our hater, O Mazda and Armaiti Spenta! Perish,
O fiendish Druj! Perish, O brood of the fiend! Perish, O world
of the fiend! Perish away, O Druj! Rush away, O Druj! Perish away,
O Druj! Perish away to the regions of the north, never more to
give unto death the living world of Righteousness!"
28.
'At the first hole the man becomes freer from the Nasu; then
thou shalt say those victorious, most healing words: "Yatha
ahu vairyo."
'At the second hole he becomes freer from the Nasu; then thou
shalt say those victorious, most healing words: "Yatha
ahu vairyo,"
'At the third hole he becomes freer from the Nasu; then thou shalt
say those victorious, most healing words:
"Yatha ahu vairyo,"
'At the fourth hole he becomes freer from the Nasu; then thou
shalt say those victorious, most healing words:
"Yatha ahu vairyo,"
'At the fifth hole he becomes freer from the Nasu; then thou shalt
say those victorious, most healing words:
"Yatha ahu vairyo,"
'At the sixth hole he becomes freer from the Nasu; then thou shalt
say those victorious, most healing words: "Yatha ahu vairyo,"
29.
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'Afterwards the man defiled shall sit down, inside the furrows,
outside the furrows of the six holes, four fingers from those
furrows. There he shall cleanse his body with thick handfuls of
dust.
30.
'Fifteen times shall they take up dust from the ground for
him to rub his body, and they shall wait there until he is dry
even to the last hair on his head.
31.
'When his body is dry with dust, then he shall step over the
holes (containing water). At the first hole he shall wash his
body once with water; at the second hole he shall wash his body
twice with water; at the third hole he shall wash his body thrice
with water.
32.
'Then he shall perfume (his body) with Urvasna, or Vohugaona,
or Vohukereti, or Hadhanaepata, or any other sweetsmelling
plant; then he shall put on his clothes, and shall go back to
his house.
33.
'He shall sit down there in the place of infirmity, inside
the house, apart from the other worshippers of Mazda. He shall
not go near the fire, nor near the water, nor near the earth,
nor near the cow, nor near the trees, nor near the faithful, either
man or woman. Thus shall he continue until three nights have passed.
When three nights have passed, he shall wash his body, he shall
wash his clothes with gomez and water to make them clean.
34.
'Then he shall sit down again in the place of infirmity, inside
the house, apart from the other worshippers of Mazda. He shall
not go near the fire, nor near the water, nor near the earth,
nor near the cow, nor near the trees, nor near the faithful, either
man or woman. Thus shall he continue until six nights have passed.
When six nights have passed, he shall wash his body, he shall
wash his clothes with gomez and water to make them clean.
35.
'Then he shall sit down again in the place of infirmity, inside
the house, apart from the other worshippers of Mazda. He shall
not go near the fire, nor near the water, nor near the earth,
nor near the cow, nor near the trees, nor near the faithful, either
man or woman. Thus shall he continue, until nine nights have passed.
When nine nights have passed, he shall wash his body, he shall
wash his clothes with gomez and water to make them clean.
36.
'He may thenceforth go near the fire, near the water, near
the earth, near the cow, near the trees, and near the faithful,
either man or woman.
II.
37.
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'Thou shalt cleanse a priest for a blessing of the just.
'Thou shalt cleanse the lord of a province for the value of a
camel of high value.
'Thou shalt cleanse the lord of a town for the value of a stallion
of high value.
'Thou shalt cleanse the lord of a borough for the value of a bull
of high value.
'Thou shalt cleanse the master of a house for the value of a cow
three years old.
38.
'Thou shalt cleanse the wife of the master of a house for
the value of a ploughing cow.
'Thou shalt cleanse a menial for the value of a draught cow. 'Thou
shalt cleanse a young child for the value of a lamb.
39.
'These are the heads of cattle flocks or herds that the
worshippers of Mazda shall give to the man who has cleansed them,
if they can afford it; if they cannot afford it, they shall give
him any other value that may make him leave their houses well
pleased with them, and free from anger.
40.
'For if the man who has cleansed them leave their houses displeased
with them, and full of anger, then the Druj Nasu enters them from
the nose [of the dead], from the eyes, from the tongue, from the
jaws, from the sexual organs, from the hinder parts.
41.
'And the Druj Nasu rushes upon them even to the end of the
nails, and they are unclean thenceforth for ever and ever.
'It grieves the sun indeed, O Spitama Zarathushtra! to shine upon
a man defiled by the dead; it grieves the moon, it grieves the
stars.
42.
'That man delights them, O Spitama Zarathushtra! who cleanses
from the Nasu the man defiled by the dead; he delights the fire,
he delights the water, he delights the earth, he delights the
cow, he delights the trees, he delights the faithful, both men
and women.'
43.
Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O Maker of the material world,
thou Holy One! What shall be his reward, after his soul has parted
from his body, who has cleansed from the Nasu the man defiled
by the dead?'
44.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'The welfare of Paradise thou canst
promise to that man, for his reward in the other world.'
45.
Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O Maker of the material world,
thou Holy One! How shall I fight against that Druj who from the
dead rushes upon the living? How shall I fight against that Nasu
who from the dead defiles the living?'
46.
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Ahura Mazda answered: 'Say aloud those words in the Gathas
that are to be said twice.
'Say aloud those words in the Gathas that are to be said thrice.
'Say aloud those words in the Gathas that are to be said four
times.
'And the Druj shall fly away like the welldarted arrow, like
the felt of last year, like the annual garment of the earth.'
III
47.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man who
does not know the rites of cleansing according to the law of Mazda,
offers to cleanse the unclean, how shall I then fight against
that Druj who from the dead rushes upon the living? How shall
I fight against that Druj who from the dead defiles the living?
48.
Ahura Mazda answered : 'Then, O Spitama Zarathushtra! the
Druj Nasu appears to wax stronger than she was before. Stronger
then are sickness and death and the working of the fiend than
they were before.'
49.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What is the
penalty that he shall pay?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'The worshippers of Mazda shall bind him;
they shall bind his hands first; then they shall strip him of
his clothes, they shall cut the head off his neck, and they shall
give over his corpse unto the greediest of the corpseeating creatures
made by the beneficent Spirit, unto the vultures, with these words:
'"The man here has repented of all his evil thoughts, words,
and deeds.
50.
'"If he has committed any other evil deed, it is remitted
by his repentance; if he has committed no other evil deed, he
is absolved by his repentance for ever and ever."'
51.
Who is he, O Ahura Mazda! who threatens to take away fullness
and increase from the world, and to bring in sickness and death?
52.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'It is the ungodly Ashemaogha, O Spitama
Zarathushtra! who in this material world cleanses the unclean
without knowing the rites of cleansing according to the law of
Mazda.
53.
'For until then, O Spitama Zarathushtra! sweetness and fatness
would flow out from that land and from those fields, with health
and healing, with fullness and increase and growth, and a growing
of corn and grass.'
54.
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O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When are sweetness
and fatness to come back again to that land and to those fields,
with health and healing, with fullness and increase and growth,
and a growing of corn and grass?
55, 56.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Sweetness and fatness will never come
back again to that land and to those fields, with health and healing,
with fullness and increase and growth, and a growing of corn and
grass, until that ungodly Ashemaogha has been smitten to death
on the spot, and the holy Sraosha of that place has been offered
up a sacrifice, for three days and three nights, with fire blazing,
with Baresma tied up, and with Haoma prepared. 57. 'Then sweetness
and fatness will come back again to that land and to those fields,
with health and healing, with fullness and increase and growth,
and a growing of corn and grass.'
FARGARD 10. Formulas recited during the process of cleansing
1.
Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O Ahura Mazda! most beneficent
Spirit, Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall
I fight against that Druj who from the dead rushes upon the living?
How shall I fight against that Druj who from the dead defiles
the living?'
2.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Say aloud those words in the Gathas
that are to be said twice.
'Say aloud those words in the Gathas that are to be said thrice'.
'Say aloud those words in the Gathas that are to be said four
times.'
3.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Which are those
words in the Gathas that are to be said twice? 4.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'These are the words in the Gathas that
are to be said twice, and thou shalt twice say them aloud:
ahya yasa ... urvanem (Y28.2).
humatenam ... mahi (Y35.2),
ashahya aad saire ... ahubya (Y35.8),
yatha tu i ... ahura (Y39.4),
humaim thwa ... hudaustema (Y41.3),
thwoi staotaraska ... ahura (Y41.5).
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usta ahmai ... manangho (Y43.1),
spenta mainyu ... ahuro (Y47.1),
vohu khshathrem ... vareshane (Y51.1),
vahista istis ... skyaothanaka (Y53.1).
5.
'And after thou hast twice said those Bisamrutas, thou shalt
say aloud these victorious, most healing words:
'"I drive away Angra Mainyu from this house, from this borough,
from this town, from this land; from the very body of the man
defiled by the dead, from the very body of the woman defiled by
the dead; from the master of the house, from the lord of the borough,
from the lord of the town, from the lord of the land; from the
whole of the world of Righteousness.
6.
'"I drive away the Nasu, I drive away direct defilement,
I drive away indirect defilement, from this house, from this borough,
from this town, from this land; from the very body of the man
defiled by the dead, from the very body of the woman defiled by
the dead; from the master of the house, from the lord of the borough,
from the lord of the town, from the lord of the land; from the
whole of the world of Righteousness."'
7.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Which are those
words in the Gathas that are to be said thrice?
8.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'These are the words in the Gathas that
are to be said thrice, and thou shalt thrice say them aloud:
ashem vohu ... (Y27.14),
ye sevisto ... paiti (Y33.11),
hukhshathrotemai ... vahistai (Y35.5),
duzvarenais ... vahyo (Y53.9).
9.
'After thou hast thrice said those Thrisamrutas, thou shalt
say aloud these victorious, most healing words:
'"I drive away Indra, I drive away Sauru, I drive away the
Daeva Naunghaithya, from this house, from this borough, from this
town, from this land; from the very body of the man defiled by
the dead, from the very body of the woman defiled by the dead;
from the master of the house, from the lord of the borough, from
the lord of the town, from the lord of the land; from the whole
of the world of Righteousness.
10.
'"I drive away Tauru, I drive away Zairi, from this house,
from this borough, from this town, from this land; from the very
body of the man defiled by the dead, from the very body of the
woman defiled by the dead; from the master of the house, from
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the lord of the borough, from the lord of the town, from the lord
of the land; from the whole of the holy world."'
11.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Which are those
words in the Gathas that are to be said four times?
12.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'These are the words in the Gathas that
are to be said four times, and thou shalt four times say them
aloud:
yatha ahu vairyo ... (Y27.13),
mazda ad moi ... dau ahum (Y34.15),
a airyama ishyo ... masata mazdau (Y54.1).
13.
'After thou hast said those Chathrusamratas four times, thou
shalt say aloud these victorious, most healing words:
'"I drive away Aeshma, the fiend of the murderous spear,
I drive away the Daeva Akatasha, from this house, from this borough,
from this town, from this land; from the very body of the man
defiled by the dead, from the very body of the woman defiled by
the dead; from the master of the house, from the lord of the borough,
from the lord of the town, from the lord of the land; from the
whole of the world of Righteousness.
14.
'"I drive away the Varenya Daevas, I drive away the windDaeva,
from this house, from this borough, from this town, from this
land; from the very body of the man defiled by the dead, from
the very body of the woman defiled by the dead; from the master
of the house, from the lord of the borough, from the lord of the
town, from the lord of the land; from the whole of the world of
Righteousness."
15.
'These are the words in the Gathas that are to be said twice;
these are the words in the Gathas that are to be said thrice;
these are the words in the Gathas that are to be said four times.
16.
'These are the words that smite down Angra Mainyu; these are
the words that smite down Aeshma, the fiend of the murderous spear;
these are the words that smite down the Daevas of Mazana; these
are the words that smite down all the Daevas.
17.
'These are the words that stand, against that Druj, against
that Nasu, who from the dead rushes upon the living, who from
the dead defiles the living.
18.
'Therefore, O Zarathushtra! thou shalt dig nine holes in the
part of the ground where there is least water and where there
are fewest trees; where there is nothing that may be food either
for man or beast; "for purity is for man, next to life, the,
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greatest good, that purity, O Zarathushtra, that is in the Religion
of Mazda for him who cleanses his own self with good thoughts,
words, and deeds."
19.
'Make thy own self pure, O righteous man! any one in the world
here below can win purity for his own self, namely, when he cleanses
his own self with good thoughts, words, and deeds.
20.
'"Yatha ahu vairyo: The will of the Lord is the law
of righteousness,"
'"Kemna Mazda: What protector hast thou given unto me,
O Mazda! while the hate of the wicked encompasses me?"
'"Ke verethremja: Who is the victorious who will protect
thy teaching?"
'"Keep us from our hater, O Mazda and Armaiti Spenta! Perish,
O fiendish Druj! ... Perish away to the regions of the north,
never more to give unto death the living world of Righteousness!"'
FARGARD 11. Special formulas for cleansing several objects
1.
Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O Ahura Mazda! most beneficent
spirit, Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall
I cleanse the house? how the fire? how the water? how the earth?
how the cow? how the tree? how the faithful man and the faithful
woman : how the stars? how the moon? how the sun? how the boundless
light? how all good things, made by Mazda, the offspring of the
holy principle?'
2.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Thou shalt chant the cleansing words,
and the house shall be clean; clean shall be the fire, clean the
water, clean the earth, clean the cow, clean the tree, clean the
faithful man and the faithful woman, clean the stars, clean the
moon, clean the sun, clean the boundless light, clean all good
things, made by Mazda, the offspring of the holy principle.
3.
['So thou shalt say these victorious, most healing words];
thou shalt chant the AhunaVairya five times: "The will of
the Lord is the law of righteousness,"
'The AhunaVairya preserves the person of man:
'"Yatha ahu vairyo: The will of the Lord is the law of
righteousness,"
'"Kemna Mazda: What protector hast thou given unto me,
O Mazda! while the hate of the wicked encompasses me?"
'"Ke verethremja: Who is the victorious who will protect
thy teaching?"
'"Keep us from our hater, O Mazda and Armaiti Spenta!"
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4.
'If thou wantest to cleanse the house, say these words aloud:
"As long as the sickness lasts my great protector [is he
who teaches virtue to the perverse]2."
'If thou wantest to cleanse the fire, say these words aloud: "Thy
fire, first of all, do we approach with worship, O Ahura Mazda!"
5.
'If thou wantest to cleanse the water, say these words aloud:
" Waters we worship, the Maekainti waters, the Hebvainti
waters, the Fravazah waters."
'If thou wantest to cleanse the earth, say these words aloud:
"This earth we worship, this earth with the women, this earth
which bears us and those women who are thine, O Ahura!"
6.
'If thou wantest to cleanse the cow, say these words aloud:
"The best of all works we will fulfill while we order both
the learned and the unlearned, both masters and servants to secure
for the cattle a good restingplace and fodder."
'If thou wantest to cleanse the trees, say these words aloud:
"For him, as a reward, Mazda made the plants grow up."
7.
'If thou wantest to cleanse the faithful man or the faithful
woman, say these words aloud: "May the vowfulfilling Airyaman
come hither, for the men and women of Zarathushtra to rejoice,
for Vohumano to rejoice; with the desirable reward that Religion
deserves. I solicit for holiness that boon that is vouchsafed
by Ahura!"
8.
'Then thou shalt say these victorious, most healing words.
Thou shalt chant the AhunaVairya eight times:
'"Yatha ahu vairya: The will of the Lord is the law of righteousness,"
'"Kemna Mazda: Whom hast thou placed to protect me, O Mazda?"
'"Ke verethremja: What protector hast thou given unto me?"
'"Who is the victorious?"
'"Keep us from our hater, O Mazda!" 9.
'I drive away Aeshma, I drive away the Nasu, I drive away
direct defilement, I drive away indirect defilement.
['I drive away Khru, I drive away Khruighni.
'I drive away Buidhi, I drive away the offspring of Buidhi.
'I drive away Kundi, I drive away the offspring of Kundi.]
'I drive away the gaunt Bushyasta, I drive away the longhanded
Bushyasta; [I drive away Muidhi, I drive away Kapasti.]
'I drive away the Pairika that comes upon the fire, upon the water,
upon the earth, upon the cow, upon the tree. I drive away the
uncleanness that comes upon the fire, upon the water, upon the
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earth, upon the cow, upon the tree.
10.
'I drive thee away, O mischievous Angra Mainyu! from the fire,
from the water, from the earth, from the cow, from the tree, from
the faithful man and from the faithful woman, from the stars,
from the moon, from the sun, from the boundless light, from all
good things, made by Mazda, the offspring of the holy principle.
11.
'Then thou shalt say these victorious, most healing words;
thou shalt chant four AhunaVairyas:
'"Yatha aha vairyo: The will of the Lord is the law of righteousness,"
'"Kemna Mazda: What protector hast thou given unto me?"
'"Ke verethremja: Who is the victorious?"
'"Keep us from our hater, O Mazda!" 12.
'Aeshma is driven away; away the Nasu; away direct defilement,
away indirect defilement.
['Khru is driven away, away Khruighni; away Buidhi, away the offspring
of Buidhi; away Kundi, away the offspring of Kundi.]
'The gaunt Bushyasta is driven away; away Bushyasta, the longhanded;
[away Muidhi, away Kapasti.]
'The Pairika is driven away that comes upon the fire, upon the
water, upon the earth, upon the cow, upon the tree. The uncleanness
is driven away that comes upon the fire, upon the water, upon
the earth, upon the cow, upon the tree.
13.
'Thou art driven away, O mischievous Angra Mainyu! from the
fire, from the water, from the earth, from the cow, from the tree,
from the faithful man and from the faithful woman, from the stars,
from the moon, from the sun, from the boundless light, from all
good things, made by Mazda, the offspring of the holy principle.
14.
'Then thou shalt say these victorious, most healing words;
thou shalt chant "Mazda ad moi" four times: "O
Mazda! say unto me the excellent words and the excellent works,
that through the good thought and the holiness of him who offers
thee the due meed of praise, thou mayest, O Lord! make the world
of Resurrection appear, at thy will, under thy sovereign rule."
15.
'I drive away Aeshma, I drive away the Nasu,' 16.
'I drive thee away, O mischievous Angra Mainyu! from the fire,
from the water,' 17.
'Then thou shalt say these victorious, most healing words;
thou shalt chant the Airyama Ishyo four times: "May the vowfulfilling
Airyaman come hither!"' 18.
'Aeshma is driven away; away the Nasu,' 19.
'Thou art driven away, O mischievous Angra Mainyu! from the
fire, from the water,' 20.
'Then thou shalt say these victorious, most healing words;
thou shalt chant five AhunaVairyas:
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'"Yatha ahu vairyo: The will of the Lord is the law of righteousness,"
'"Kemna Mazda: Whom hast thou placed to protect me?"
'"Ke verethremja: Who is he who will smite the fiend?"
'"Keep us from our hater, O Mazda and Armaiti Spenta! Perish,
O fiendish Druj! Perish, O brood of the fiend! Perish, O world
of the fiend! Perish away, O Druj! Rush away, O Druj! Perish away,
O Druj! Perish away to the regions of the north, never more to
give unto death the living world of Righteousness!"'
FARGARD 12. The Upaman: how long it lasts for different relatives
1.
If one's father or mother dies, how long shall they stay [in
mourning], the son for his father, the daughter for her mother?
How long for the righteous? How long for the sinners?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall stay thirty days for the righteous,
sixty days for the sinners.'
2.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I
cleanse the house? How shall it be clean again?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'You shall wash your bodies three times,
you shall wash your clothes three times you shall chant the Gathas
three times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall
bind the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the
good waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters
may enter, then the fire may enter, and then the AmeshaSpentas
may enter, O Spitama Zarathushtra!'
3.
If one's son or daughter dies, how long shall they stay, the
father for his son, the mother for her daughter? How long for
the righteous? How long for the sinners?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall stay thirty days for the righteous,
sixty days for the sinners.'
4.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I
cleanse the house? How shall it be clean again?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'You shall wash your bodies three times,
you shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas
three times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall
bind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the
good waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters
may enter, then the fire may enter, and then the AmeshaSpentas
may enter, O Spitama Zarathushtra!'
5.
If one's brother or sister dies, how long shall they stay,
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the brother for his brother, the sister for her sister? How long
for the righteous? How long for the sinners?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall stay thirty days for the righteous,
sixty days for the sinners.'
6.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I
cleanse the house? How shall it be clean again? Ahura Mazda answered:
'You shall wash your bodies three times, you shall wash your clothes
three times, you shall chant the Gathas three times; you shall
offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall bind up the bundles
of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the good waters; then
the house shall be clean, and then the waters may enter, then
the fire may enter, and then the AmeshaSpentas may enter, O Spitama
Zarathushtra!'
7.
If the master of the house dies, or if the mistress of the
house dies, how long shall they stay? How long for the righteous?
How long for the sinners?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall stay six months for the righteous,
a year for the sinners.'
8.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I
cleanse the house? How shall it be clean again?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'you shall wash your bodies three times,
you shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas
three times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall
bind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the
good waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters
may enter, then the fire may enter, and then the AmeshaSpentas
may enter, O Spitama Zarathushtra!'
9.
If one's grandfather or grandmother dies, how long shall they
stay, the grandson for his grandfather, the granddaughter for
her grandmother? How long for the righteous? How long for the
sinners?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall stay twentyfive days for the
righteous, fifty days for the sinners.'
10.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I
cleanse the house? How shall it be clean again?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'You shall wash your bodies three times,
you shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas
three times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall
bind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the
good waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters
may enter, then the fire may enter, and then the AmeshaSpentas
may enter, O Spitama Zarathushtra!'
11.
If one's grandson or granddaughter dies, how long shall they
stay, the grandfather for his grandson, the grandmother for her
granddaughter? How long for the righteous? How long for the sinners?
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Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall stay twentyfive days for the
righteous, fifty days for the sinners.'
12.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I
cleanse the house? How shall it be clean again?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'You shall wash your bodies three times,
you shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas
three times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall
bind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the
good waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters
may enter, then the fire may enter, and then the AmeshaSpentas
may enter, O Spitama Zarathushtra!'
13.
If one's uncle or aunt dies, how long shall they stay, the
nephew for his uncle, the niece for her aunt? How long for the
righteous? How long for the sinners?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall stay twenty days for the righteous,
forty days for the sinners.'
14.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I
cleanse the house? How shall it be clean again?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'You shall wash your bodies three times,
you shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas
three times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall
bind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the
good waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters
may enter, then the fire may enter, and then the AmeshaSpentas
may enter, O Spitama Zarathushtra!'
15.
If one's male cousin or female cousin dies, how long shall
they stay? How long for the righteous? How long for the sinners?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall stay fifteen days for the righteous,
thirty days for the sinners.'
16.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I
cleanse the house? How shall it be clean again?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'You shall wash your bodies three times,
you shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas
three times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall
bind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the
good waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters
may enter, then the fire may enter, and then the AmeshaSpentas
may enter, O Spitama Zarathushtra!'
17.
If the son or the daughter of a cousin dies, how long shall
they stay? How long for the righteous: How long for the sinners?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall stay ten days for the righteous,
twenty days for the sinners.'
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18.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I
cleanse the house? How shall it be clean again?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'You shall wash your bodies three times,
you shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas
three times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall
bind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the
good waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters
may enter, then the fire may enter, and then the AmeshaSpentas
may enter, O Spitama Zarathushtra!'
19.
If the grandson of a cousin or the granddaughter of a cousin
dies, how long shall they stay? How long for the righteous? How
long for the sinners?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall stay five days for the righteous,
ten days for the sinners.'
20.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How shall I
cleanse the house? How shall it be clean again?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'You shall wash your bodies three times,
you shall wash your clothes three times, you shall chant the Gathas
three times; you shall offer up a sacrifice to my Fire, you shall
bind up the bundles of Baresma, you shall bring libations to the
good waters; then the house shall be clean, and then the waters
may enter, then the fire may enter, and then the AmeshaSpentas
may enter, O Spitama Zarathushtra!'
21.
If a man dies, of whatever race he is, who does not belong
to the true faith, or the true law, what part of the creation
of the good spirit does he directly defile? What part does he
indirectly defile?
22.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'No more than a frog does whose venom
is dried up, and that has been dead more than a year. Whilst alive,
indeed, O Spitama Zarathushtra! such wicked, twolegged ruffian
as an ungodly Ashemaogha, directly defiles the creatures of the
Good Spirit, and indirectly defiles them.
23.
'Whilst alive he smites the water; whilst alive he blows out
the fire; whilst alive he carries off the cow; whilst alive he
smites the faithful man with a deadly blow, that parts the soul
from the body; not so will he do when dead.
24.
'Whilst alive, indeed, O Spitama Zarathushtra! such wicked,
twolegged ruffian as an ungodly Ashemaogha, robs the faithful
man of the full possession of his food, of his clothing, of his
wood, of his bed, of his vessels; not so will he do when dead.'
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FARGARD 13. The Dog.
Ia.
1.
Which is the good creature among the creatures of the Good
Spirit that from midnight till the sun is up goes and kills thousands
of the creatures of the Evil Spirit?
2.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'The dog with the prickly back, with
the long and thin muzzle, the dog Vanghapara, which evilspeaking
people call the Duzaka; this is the good creature among the creatures
of the Good Spirit that from midnight till the sun is up goes
and kills thousands of the creatures of the Evil Spirit.
3.
'And whosoever, O Zarathushtra! shall kill the dog with the
prickly back, with the long and thin muzzle, the dog Vanghapara,
which evilspeaking people call the Duzaka, kills his own soul
for nine generations, nor shall he find a way over the Chinwad
bridge, unless he has, while alive, atoned for his sin.'
4.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man kill
the dog with the prickly back, with the long and thin muzzle,
the dog Vanghapara, which evilspeaking people call the Duzaka,
what is the penalty that he shall pay?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'A thousand stripes with the Aspaheastra,
a thousand stripes with the Sraoshocharana.
Ib.
5.
Which is the evil creature among the creatures of the Evil
Spirit that from midnight till the sun is up goes and kills thousands
of the creatures of the Good Spirit?
6.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'The Daeva Zairimyangura, which evilspeaking
people call the Zairimyaka, this is the evil creature among the
creatures of the Evil Spirit that from midnight till the sun is
up goes and kills thousands of the creatures of the Good Spirit.
7.
'And whosoever, O Zarathushtra! shall kill the Daeva Zairimyangura,
which evilspeaking people call the Zairimyaka, his sins in thought,
word, and deed are redeemed as they would be by a Patet; his sins
in thought, word, and deed are atoned for.
II.
8.
'Whosoever shall smite either a shepherd's dog, or a housedog,
or a Vohunazga dog, or a trained dog, his soul when passing to
the other world, shall fly howling louder and more sorely grieved
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than the sheep does in the lofty forest where the wolf ranges.
9.
'No soul will come and meet his departing soul and help it,
howling and grieved in the other world; nor will the dogs that
keep the [Chinwad] bridge help his departing soul howling and
grieved in the other world.
10.
'If a man shall smite a shepherd's dog so that it becomes
unfit for work, if he shall cut off its ear or its paw, and thereupon
a thief or a wolf break in and carry away [sheep] from the fold,
without the dog giving any warning, the man shall pay for the
loss, and he shall pay for the wound of the dog as for willful
wounding.
11.
'If a man shall smite a housedog so that it becomes unfit
for work, if he shall cut off its ear or its paw, and thereupon
a thief or a wolf break in and carry away [anything] from the
house, without the dog giving any warning, the man shall pay for
the loss, and he shall pay for the wound of the dog as for willful
wounding.'
12.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall
smite a shepherd's dog, so that it gives up the ghost and the
soul parts from the body, what is the penalty that he shall pay?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Eight hundred stripes with the Aspaheastra,
eight hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
13.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall
smite a housedog so that it gives up the ghost and the soul parts
from the body, what is the penalty that he shall pay?
Ahura Mazda answered; 'Seven hundred stripes with the Aspaheastra,
seven hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
14.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall
smite a Vohunazga dog so that it gives up the ghost and the soul
parts from the body, what is the penalty that he shall pay?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Six hundred stripes with the Aspaheastra,
six hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
15.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall
smite a Tauruna dog so that it gives up the ghost and the soul
parts from the body, what is the penalty that he shall pay?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Five hundred stripes with the Aspaheastra,
five hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
16.
'This is the penalty for the murder of a Gazu dog, of a Vizu
dog, of a porcupine dog, of a sharptoothed weasel, of a swiftrunning
fox; this is the penalty for the murder of any of the creatures
of the Good Spirit belonging to the dog kind, except the waterdog.'
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III.
17.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What is the
place of the shepherd's dog?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He comes and goes a Yugyesti round about
the fold, watching for the thief and the wolf.'
18.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What is the
place of the housedog?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He comes and goes a Hathra round about
the house, watching for the thief and the wolf.'
19.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What is the
place of the Vohunazga dog?.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He claims none of those talents, and only
seeks for his subsistence.'
IV.
20.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man give
bad food to a shepherd's dog, of what sin does he make himself
guilty?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He makes himself guilty of the same guilt
as though he should serve bad food to a master of a house of the
first rank.'
21.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man give
bad food to a housedog, of what sin does he make himself guilty?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He makes himself guilty of the same guilt
as though he should serve bad food to a master of a house of middle
rank.'
22.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man give
bad food to a Vohunazga dog, of what sin does he make himself
guilty?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He makes himself guilty of the same guilt
as though he should serve bad food to a holy man, who should come
to his house in the character of a priest.'
23.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man give
bad food to a Tauruna dog, of what sin does he make himself guilty?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He makes himself guilty of the same guilt
as though he should serve bad food to a young man, born of pious
parents, and who can already answer for his deeds.'
24.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall
give bad food to a shepherd's dog, what is the penalty that he
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shall pay?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He is a Peshotanu: two hundred stripes
with the Aspaheastra, two hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
25.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall
give bad food to a housedog, what is the penalty that he shall
pay?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Ninety stripes with the Aspaheastra, ninety
stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
26.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall
give bad food to a Vohunazga dog, what is the penalty that he
shall pay?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Seventy stripes with the Aspaheastra,
seventy stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
27.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall
give bad food to a Tauruna dog, what is the penalty that he shall
pay?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Fifty stripes with the Aspaheastra, fifty
stripes with the Sraoshocharana.
28.
'For in this material world, O Spitama Zarathushtra! it is
the dog, of all thecreatures of the Good Spirit, that most quickly
decays into age, while not eating near eating people, and watching
goods none of which it receives. Bring ye unto him milk and fat
with meat; this is the right food for the dog.'
V.
29.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If there be
in the house of a worshipper of Mazda a mad dog that bites without
barking, what shall the worshippers of Mazda do?
30.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall put a wooden collar around
his neck, and they shall tie thereto a muzzle, an asti thick if
the wood be hard, two astis thick if it be soft. To that collar
they shall tie it; by the two sides of the collar they shall tie
it.
31.
'If they shall not do so, and the mad dog that bites without
barking, smite a sheep or wound a man, the dog shall pay for the
wound of the wounded as for willful murder.
32.
'If the dog shall smite a sheep or wound a man, they shall
cut off his right ear.
'If he shall smite another sheep or wound another man, they shall
cut off his left ear.
33.
'If he shall smite a third sheep or wound a third man, they
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shall make a cut in his right foot. If he shall smite a fourth
sheep or wound a fourth man, they shall make a cut in his left
foot.
34.
'If he shall for the fifth time smite a sheep or wound a man,
they shall cut off his tail.
'Therefore they shall tie a muzzle to the collar; by the two sides
of the collar they shall tie it. If they shall not do so, and
the mad dog that bites without barking, smite a sheep or wound
a man, he shall pay for the wound of the wounded as for willful
murder.'
35.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If there be
in the house of a worshipper of Mazda a mad dog, who has no scent,
what shall the worshippers of Mazda do?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall attend him to heal him, in the
same manner as they would do for one of the faithful.'
36.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If they try
to heal him and fail, what shall the worshippers of Mazda do?
37.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall put a wooden collar around
his neck, and they shall tie thereto a muzzle, an asti thick if
the wood be hard, two astis thick if it be soft. To that collar
they shall tie it; by the two sides of the collar they shall tie
it.
38.
'If they shall not do so, the scentless dog may fall into
a hole, or a well, or a precipice, or a river, or a canal, and
come to grief: if he come to grief so, they shall be therefore
Peshotanus.
VI.
39.
'The dog, O Spitama Zarathushtra! I, Ahura Mazda, have made
selfclothed and selfshod; watchful and wakeful; and sharptoothed;
born to take his food from man and to watch over man's goods.
I, Ahura Mazda, have made the dog strong of body against the evildoer,
when sound of mind and watchful over your goods.
40.
'And whosoever shall awake at his voice, O Spitama Zarathushtra!
neither shall the thief nor the wolf carry anything from his house,
without his being warned; the wolf shall be smitten and torn to
pieces; he is driven away, he melts away like snow.'
VII.
41.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Which of the
two wolves deserves more to be killed, the one that a hedog begets
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of a shewolf, or the one that a hewolf begets of a shedog?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Of these two wolves, the one that a hedog
begets of a shewolf deserves more to be killed than the one that
a hewolf begets of a shedog.
42.
'For the dogs born therefrom fall on the shepherd's dog, on
the housedog, on the Vohunazga dog, on the trained dog, and
destroy the folds; such dogs are more murderous, more mischievous,
more destructive to the folds than any other dogs.
43.
'And the wolves born therefrom fall on the shepherd's dog,
on the housedog, on the Vohunazga dog, on the trained dog, and
destroy the folds; such wolves are more murderous, more mischievous,
more destructive to the folds than any other wolves.
VIII.
44.
'A dog has the characters of eight sorts of people:
'He has the character of a priest,
'He has the character of a warrior,
'He has the character of a husbandman,
'He has the character of a strolling singer,
'He has the character of a thief,
'He has the character of a disu,
'He has the character of a courtesan,
'He has the character of a child.
45.
'He eats the refuse, like a priest; he is easily satisfied,
like a priest; he is patient, like a priest; he wants only a small
piece of bread, like a priest; in these things he is like unto
a priest.
'He marches in front, like a warrior; he fights for the beneficent
cow, like a warrior; he goes first out of the house, like a warrior;
in these things he is like unto a warrior.
46.
'He is watchful and sleeps lightly, like a husbandman; he
goes first out of the house, like a husbandman; he returns last
into the house, like a husbandman; in these things he is like
unto a husbandman.
'He is fond of singing, like a strolling singer; he wounds him
who gets too near, like a strolling singer; he is illtrained,
like a strolling singer; he is changeful, like a strolling singer;
in these things he is like unto a strolling singer.
47.
'He is fond of darkness, like a thief; he prowls about in
darkness, like a thief; he is a shameless eater, like a thief;
he is therefore an unfaithful keeper, like a thief; in these things
he is like unto a thief.
'He is fond of darkness, like a disu; he prowls about in darkness,
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like a disu; he is a shameless eater, like a disu; he is therefore
an unfaithful keeper, like a disu; in these things he is like
unto a disu.
48.
'He is fond of singing, like a courtesan; he wounds him who
gets too near, like a courtesan; he roams along the roads, like
a courtesan; he is illtrained, like a courtesan; he is changeful,
like a courtesan; in these things he is like unto a courtesan.
'He is fond of sleep, like a child; he is tender like snow, like
a child; he is full of tongue, like a child; he digs the earth
with his paws, like a child; in these things he is like unto a
child.
IX.
49.
'If those two dogs of mine, the shepherd's dog and the housedog,
pass by any of my houses, let them never be kept away from it.
'For no house could subsist on the earth made by Ahura, but for
those two dogs of mine, the shepherd's dog and the housedog.'
X.
50.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When a dog dies,
with marrow and seed dried up, whereto does his ghost go?
51.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'It passes to the spring of the waters,
O Spitama Zarathushtra! and there out of them two waterdogs are
formed: out of every thousand dogs and every thousand shedogs,
a couple is formed, a waterdog and a water shedog.
52.
'He who kills a waterdog brings about a drought that dries
up pastures.
'Until then, O Spitama Zarathushtra! sweetness and fatness would
flow out from that land and from those fields, with health and
healing, with fullness and increase and growth, and a growing
of corn and grass.'
53.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When are sweetness
and fatness to come back again to that land and to those fields,
with health and healing, with fullness and increase and growth,
and a growing of corn and grass?
54, 55.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Sweetness and fatness will never come
back again to that land and to those fields, with health and healing,
with fullness and increase and growth, and a growing of corn and
grass, until the murderer of the waterdog has been smitten to
death on the spot, and the holy soul of the dog has been offered
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up a sacrifice, for three days and three nights, with fire blazing,
with Baresma tied up, and with Haoma prepared.
56.
['Then sweetness and fatness will come back again to that
land and to those fields, with health and healing, with fullness
and increase and growth, and a growing of corn and grass.']
FARGARD 14. Atoning for the murder of a waterdog
1.
Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O Ahura Mazda, most beneficent
Spirit, Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! He who smites
one of those waterdogs that are born one from a thousand dogs
and a thousand shedogs, so that he gives up the ghost and the
soul parts from the body, what is the penalty that he shall pay?'
2.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He shall pay ten thousand stripes with
the Aspaheastra, ten thousand stripes with the Sraoshocharana.
'He shall godly and piously bring unto the fire of Ahura Mazda
ten thousand loads of hard, well dried, well examined wood, to
redeem his own soul.
3.
'He shall godly and piously, bring unto the fire of Ahura
Mazda ten thousand loads of soft wood, of Urvasna, Vohugaona,
Vohukereti, Hadhanaepata, or any sweetscented plant, to redeem
his own soul.
4.
'He shall godly and piously tie ten thousand bundles of Baresma,
to redeem his own soul.
'He shall offer up to the Good Waters ten thousand Zaothra libations
with the Haoma and the milk, cleanly prepared and well strained,
cleanly prepared and well strained by a pious man, and mixed with
the roots of the tree known as Hadhanaepata, to redeem his own
soul.
5.
'He shall kill ten thousand snakes of those that go upon the
belly. He shall kill ten thousand Kahrpus, who are snakes with
the shape of a dog. He shall hill ten thousand tortoises. He shall
kill ten thousand landfrogs; he shall kill ten thousand waterfrogs.
He shall kill ten thousand corncarrying ants; he shall kill ten
thousand ants of the small, venomous mischievous kind.
6.
'He shall kill ten thousand worms of those that live on dirt;
he shall kill ten thousand raging flies.
'He shall fill up ten thousand holes for the unclean.
'He shall godly and piously give to godly men twice the set of
seven implements for the fire, to redeem his own soul, namely:
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7.
'The two answering implements for fire; a broom; a pair of
tongs; a pair of round bellows extended at the bottom, contracted
at the top; a sharpedged sharppointed adze; a sharptoothed
sharppointed saw; by means of which the worshippers of Mazda
procure wood for the fire of Ahura Mazda.
8.
'He shall godly and piously give to godly men a set of the
priestly instruments of which the priests make use, to redeem
his own soul, namely: The Astra; the meatvessel; the Paitidana;
the Khrafstraghna; the Sraoshocharana; the cup for the Myazda;
the cups for mixing and dividing; the regular mortar; the Haoma
cups; and the Baresma.
9.
'He shall godly and piously give to godly men a set of all
the war implements of which the warriors make use, to redeem his
own soul;
'The first being a javelin, the second a sword, the third a club,
the fourth a bow, the fifth a saddle with a quiver and thirty
brassheaded arrows, the sixth a sling with armstring and with
thirty sling stones;
'The seventh a cuirass, the eighth a hauberk, the ninth a tunic,
the tenth a helmet, the eleventh a girdle, the twelfth a pair
of greaves.
10.
'He shall godly and piously give to godly men a set of all
the implements of which the husbandmen make use, to redeem his
own soul, namely: A plough with yoke and ...1; a goad for ox;
a mortar of stone; a roundheaded handmill for grinding corn;
11.
'A spade for digging and tilling; one measure of silver and
one measure of gold.'
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How much silver?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'The price of a stallion.'
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How much gold?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'The price of a hecamel.
12.
'He shall godly and piously procure a rill of running water
for godly husbandmen, to redeem his own soul.'
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How large is the
rill?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'The depth of a dog, and the breadth of
a dog.
13.
'He shall godly and piously give a piece of arable land to
godly men, to redeem his own soul.'
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How large is the
piece of land?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'As much as can be watered with such a rill
divided into two canals.
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14.
'He shall godly and piously procure for godly men a stable
for oxen, with nine hathras and nine nematas, to redeem his own
soul.'
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How large is the
stable?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'It shall have twelve alleys in the largest
part of the house, nine alleys in the middle part, six alleys
in the smallest part.
'He shall godly and piously give to godly men goodly beds with
Sheets and cushions, to redeem his own soul.
15.
'He shall godly and piously give in marriage to a godly man
a virgin maid, whom no man has known, to redeem his own soul.'
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! What sort of maid?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'A sister or a daughter of his, at the age
of puberty, with earrings in her ears and past her fifteenth
year.
16.
'He shall godly and piously give to holy men twice seven head
of small cattle, to redeem his own soul.'
'He shall bring up twice seven whelps.
'He shall throw twice seven bridges over canal.
17.
'He shall put into repair twice nine stables that are out
of repair.
'He shall cleanse twice nine dogs from stipti, anairiti, and vyangura,
and all the diseases that are produced on the body of a dog.
'He shall treat twice nine godly men to their fill of meat, bread,
strong drink, and wine.
18.
'This is the penalty, this is the atonement which saves the
faithful man who submits to it not him who does not submit to
it. Such a one shall surely be an inhabitant in the mansion of
the Druj.'
FARGARD 15. Regarding certain sins and obligations
I.
1.
How many are the sins that men commit and that, being committed
and not confessed, nor atoned for, make their committer a Peshotanu?
2.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'There are five such sins, O holy Zarathushtra!
It is the first of these sins that men commit when a man teaches
one of the faithful another faith, another law, a lower doctrine,
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and he leads him astray with a full knowledge and conscience of
the sin: the man who has done the deed becomes a Peshotanu.
3.
'It is the second of these sins when a man gives bones too
hard or food too hot to a shepherd's dog or to a housedog;
4.
'If the bones stick in the dog's teeth or stop in his throat;
or if the food too hot burn his mouth or his tongue, he may come
to grief thereby; if he come to grief thereby, the man who has
done the deed becomes a Peshotanu.
5.
'It is the third of these sins when a man smites a bitch big
with young or affrights her by running after her, or shouting
or clapping with the hands;
6.
'If the bitch fall into a hole, or a well, or a precipice,
or a river, or a canal, she may come to grief thereby; if she
come to grief thereby, the man who has done the deed becomes a
Peshotanu.
7.
'It is the fourth of these sins when a man has intercourse
with a woman who has the whites or sees the blood, the man that
has done the deed becomes a Peshotanu.
8.
'It is the fifth of these sins when a man has intercourse
with a woman quick with child, whether the milk has already come
to her breasts or has not yet come: she may come to grief thereby;
if she come to grief thereby, the man who has done the deed becomes
a Peshotanu.
IIa.
9.
'If a man come near unto a damsel, either dependent on the
chief of the family or not dependent, either delivered [unto a
husband] or not delivered, and she conceives by him, let her not,
being ashamed of the people, produce in herself the menses, against
the course of nature, by means of water and plants.
10.
'And if the damsel, being ashamed of the people, shall produce
in herself the menses gainst the course of nature, by means of
water and plants, it is a fresh sin as heavy [as the first]3.
11.
'If a man come near unto a damsel, either dependent on the
chief of the family or not dependent, either delivered [unto a
husband] or not delivered, and she conceives by him, let her not,
being ashamed of the people, destroy the fruit in her womb.
12.
'And if the damsel, being ashamed of the people, shall destroy
the fruit in her womb, the sin is on both the father and herself,
the murder is on both the father and herself; both the father
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and herself shall pay the penalty for willful murder.
IIb.
13.
'If a man come near unto a damsel, either dependent on the
chief of the family or not dependent, either delivered [unto a
husband] or not delivered, and she conceives by him, and she says,
"I have conceived by thee;" and he replies, "Go
then to the old woman and apply to her for one of her drugs, that
she may procure thee miscarriage;"
14.
'And the damsel goes to the old woman and applies to her for
one of her drugs, that she may procure her miscarriage; and the
old woman brings her some Banga, or Shaeta, a drug that kills
in the womb or one that expels out of the womb, or some other
of the drugs that produce miscarriage and [the man says], "Cause
thy fruit to perish!" and she causes her fruit to perish;
the sin is on the head of all three, the man, the damsel, and
the old woman.
15.
'If a man come near unto a damsel, either dependent on the
chief of the family or not dependent, either delivered [unto a
husband] or not delivered, and she conceives by him, so long shall
he support her, until the child be born.
16.
'If he shall not support her, so that the child comes to grief,
for want of proper support, he shall pay for it the penalty for
willful murder.'
17.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If she be near
her time, which is the worshipper of Mazda that shall support
her?
18.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'If a man come near unto a damsel, either
dependent on the chief of the family or not dependent, either
delivered [unto a husband] or not delivered, and she conceives
by him, so long shall he support her, until the child be born.
19.
'If he shall not support her ....
'It lies with the faithful to look in the same way after every
pregnant female, either twofooted or fourfooted, twofooted
woman or fourfooted bitch.'
III.
20.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If (a bitch)
be near her time, which is the worshipper of Mazda that shall
support her?
21.
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Ahura Mazda answered: 'He whose house stands nearest, the
care of supporting her is his; so long shall he support her, until
the whelps be born.
22.
'If he shall not support her, so that the whelps come to grief,
for want of proper support; he shall pay for it the penalty for
willful murder.'
23.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a bitch be
near her time and be lying in a stable for camels, which is the
worshipper of Mazda that shall support her?
24.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He who built the stable for camels
or whoso holds it, the care of supporting her is his; so long
shall he support her, until the whelps be born.
25.
'If he shall not support her, so that the whelps come to grief,
for want of proper support, he shall pay for it the penalty for
willful murder.'
26.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a bitch be
near her time and be lying in a stable for horses, which is the
worshipper of Mazda that shall support her?
27.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He who built the stable for horses
or whoso holds it, the care of supporting her is his; so long
shall he support her, until the whelps be born.
28.
'If he shall not support her, so that the whelps come to grief,
for want of proper support, he shall pay for it the penalty for
willful murder.'
29.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a bitch be
near her time and be lying in a stable for oxen, which is the
worshipper of Mazda that shall support her?
30.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He who built the stable for oxen or
whoso holds it, the care of supporting her is his; so long shall
he support her, until the whelps be born.
31.
'If he shall not support her, so that the whelps come to grief,
for want of proper support, he shall pay for it the penalty for
willful murder.'
32.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a bitch be
near her time and be lying in a sheepfold, which is the worshipper
of Mazda that shall support her?
33.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He who built the sheepfold or whoso
holds it, the care of supporting her is his; so long shall he
support her, until the whelps be born.
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34.
'If he shall not support her so that the whelps come to grief,
for want of proper support, he shall pay for it the penalty for
willful murder.'
35.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a bitch be
near her time and be lying on the earthwall, which is the worshipper
of Mazda that shall support her?
36.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He who erected the wall or whoso holds
it, the care of supporting her is his; so long shall he support
her, until the whelps be born.
37.
'If he shall not support her, so that the whelps come to grief,
for want of proper support, he shall pay for it the penalty for
willful murder.'
38.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a bitch be
near her time and be lying in the moat, which is the worshipper
of Mazda that shall support her?
39.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He who dug the moat or whoso holds
it, the care of supporting her is his; so long shall he support
her, until the whelps be born.
40.
'If he shall not support her, so that the whelps come to grief,
for want of proper support, he shall pay for it the penalty for
willful murder.'
41.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a bitch be
near her time and be lying in the middle of a pasturefield, which
is the worshipper of Mazda that shall support her?
42.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He who sowed the pasturefield or whoso
holds it, the care of supporting her is his; [so long shall he
support her, until the whelps be born. If he shall not support
her, so that the whelps come to grief, for want of proper support,
he shall pay for it the penalty for willful murder.]
43.
'He shall take her to rest upon a litter of nemovanta or of
any foliage fit for a litter; so long shall he support her, until
the young dogs are capable of selfdefense and selfsubsistence.'
44.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! When are the
dogs capable of selfdefense and selfsubsistence?
45.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'When they are able to run about in
a circuit of twice seven houses around. Then they may be let loose,
whether it be winter or summer.
'Young dogs ought to be supported for six months, children for
seven years.
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'Atar, the son of Ahura Mazda, watches as well (over a pregnant
bitch) as he does over a woman.'
IV.
46.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If worshippers
of Mazda want to have a bitch so covered that the offspring shall
be one of a strong nature, what shall they do?
47.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall dig a hole in the earth,
in the middle of the fold half a foot deep if the earth be hard,
half the height of a man if the earth be soft.
48.
'They shall first tie up [the bitch] there, far from children
and from the Fire, the son of Ahura Mazda, and they shall watch
by her until a dog comes there from anywhere; then another again,
and then a third again, each being kept apart from the former,
lest they should assail one another.
49.
'The bitch being thus covered by three dogs, grows big with
young, and the milk comes to her teats and she brings forth a
young one that is born from several dogs.'
50.
If a man smite a bitch who has been covered by three dogs,
and who has already milk, and who shall bring forth a young one
born from several dogs, what is the penalty that he shall pay?
51.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Seven hundred stripes with the Aspaheastra,
seven hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
FARGARD 16. Purity laws regarding menstruation
I.
1.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If there be
in the house of a worshipper of Mazda a woman who has the whites
or sees blood, what shall the worshippers of Mazda do?
2.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'They shall clear the way of the wood
there, both plants and trees; they shall strew dry dust on the
ground; and they shall isolate a half, or a third, or a fourth,
or a fifth part of the house, lest her look should fall upon the
fire.'
3.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How far from
the fire? How far from the water? How far from the consecrated
bundles of Baresma? How far from the faithful?
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4.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Fifteen paces from the fire, fifteen
paces from the water, fifteen paces from the consecrated bundles
of Baresma, three paces from the faithful.'
5.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! How far from
her shall he stay, who brings food to a woman who has the whites
or sees the blood?
6.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Three paces from her shall he stay,
who brings food to a woman who has the whites or sees the blood.'
In what kind of vessels shall he bring her bread? In what kind
of vessels shall he bring her barleydrink?
'In vessels of brass, or of lead, or of any common metal.'
7.
How much bread shall he bring to her? How much barleydrink
shall he bring?
'Two danares of dry bread, and one danare of liquor, lest she
should get too weak.
'If a child has just touched her, they shall first wash his hands
and then his body.
II.
8.
'If she still see blood after three nights have passed, she
shall sit in the place of infirmity until four nights have passed.
'If she still see blood after four nights have passed, she shall
sit in the place of infirmity until five nights have passed.
9.
'If she still see blood after five nights have passed, she
shall sit in the place of infirmity until six nights have passed.
'If she still see blood after six nights have passed, she shall
sit in the place of infirmity until seven nights have passed.
10.
'If she still see blood after seven nights have passed, she
shall sit in the place of infirmity until eight nights have passed.
'If she still see blood after eight nights have passed, she shall
sit in the place of infirmity until nine nights have passed.
11.
'If she still see blood after nine nights have passed, this
is a work of the Daevas which they have performed for the worship
and glorification of the Daevas.
'The worshippers of Mazda shall clear the way of the wood there,
both plants and trees;
12.
'They shall dig three holes in the earth, and they shall wash
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the woman with gomez by two of those holes and with water by the
third.
'They shall kill Khrafstras, to wit: two hundred corncarrying
ants, if it be summer; two hundred of any other sort of the Khrafstras
made by Angra Mainyu, if it be winter.'
III.
13.
If a worshipper of Mazda shall suppress the issue of a woman
who has the whites or sees blood, what is the penalty that he
shall pay?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'He is a Peshotanu: two hundred stripes
with the Aspaheastra, two hundred stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
14.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! If a man shall
again and again lasciviously touch the body of a woman who has
the whites or sees blood, so that the whites turn to the blood
or the blood turns to the whites, what is the penalty that he
shall pay?
15.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'For the first time he comes near unto
her, for the first time he lies by her, thirty stripes with the
Aspaheastra, thirty stripes with the Sraoshocharana.
'For the second time he comes near unto her, for the second time
he lies by her, fifty stripes with the Aspaheastra, fifty stripes
with the Sraoshocharana.
'For the third time he comes near unto her, for the third time
he lies by her, seventy stripes with the Aspaheastra, seventy
stripes with the Sraoshocharana.'
16.
For the fourth time he comes near unto her, for the fourth
time he lies by her, if he shall press the body under her clothes,
if he shall go in between the unclean thighs, but without sexual
intercourse, what is the penalty that he shall pay?
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Ninety stripes with the Aspaheastra, ninety
stripes with the Sraoshocharana.
17.
'Whosoever shall he in sexual intercourse with a woman who
has the whites or sees blood does no better deed than if he should
burn the corpse of his own son, born of his own body and dead
of naeza, and drop its fat into the fire.
18.
'All wicked, embodiments of the Druj, are scorners of the
judge: all scorners of the judge are rebels against the Sovereign:
all rebels against the Sovereign are ungodly men; and all ungodly
men are worthy of death.'
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FARGARD 17. Hair and nails
I.
1.
Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O Ahura Mazda, most beneficent
Spirit, Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Which is the
most deadly deed whereby a man offers up a sacrifice to the Daevas!'
2.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'It is when a man here below, combing
his hair or shaving it off, or paring off his nails, drops them
in a hole or in a crack.
3.
'Then by this transgression of the rites, Daevas are produced
in the earth; by this transgression of the rites, those Khrafstras
are produced in the earth which men call lice, and which eat up
the corn in the cornfield and the clothes in the wardrobe.
4.
'Therefore, thou, O Zarathushtra! whenever here below thou
shalt comb thy hair or shave it off, or pare off thy nails, thou
shalt take them away ten paces from the faithful, twenty paces
from the fire, thirty paces from the water, fifty paces from the
consecrated bundles of Baresma.
5.
'Then thou shalt dig a hole, a disti [ten fingers] deep if
the earth be hard, a vitasti [twelve fingers] deep if it be soft;
thou shalt take the hair down there and thou shalt say aloud these
victorious words: "For him, as a reward, Mazda made the plants
grow up."
6.
'Thereupon thou shalt draw three furrows with a knife of metal
around the hole, or six furrows or nine, and thou shall chant
the AhunaVairya three times, or six, or nine.
II.
7.
'For the nails, thou shalt dig a hole, out of the house, as
deep as the top joint of the little finger; thou shalt take the
nails down there and thou shalt say aloud these victorious words:
"The things that the pure proclaim through Asha and Vohumano."
8.
'Then thou shalt draw three furrows with a knife of metal
around the hole, or six furrows or nine, and thou shalt chant
the AhunaVairya three times, or six, or nine.
9.
'And then: "O Ashozushta bird! these nails I announce
and consecrate unto thee. May they be for thee so many spears
and knives, so many bows and falconwinged arrows and so many
slingstones against the Mazainya Daevas!"
10.
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'If those nails have not been consecrated (to the bird), they
shall be in the hands of the Mazainya Daevas so many spears and
knives so many bows and falconwinged arrows, and so many slingstones
(against the Mazainya Daevas).
11.
'All wicked, embodiments of the Druj, are scorners of the
judge: all scorners of the judge are rebels against the Sovereign:
all rebels against the Sovereign are ungodly men; and all ungodly
men are worthy of death.'
FARGARD 18.
I.
1.
'There is many a one, O holy Zarathushtra!' said Ahura Mazda,
'Who wears a wrong Paitidana, and who has not girded his loins
with the Religion; When such a man says, "I am an Athravan,"
he lies; do not call him an Athravan, O holy Zarathushtra!' thus
said Ahura Mazda.
2.
'He holds a wrong Khrafstraghna in his hand and he has not
girded his loins with the Religion; when he says, "I am an
Athravan," he lies; do not call him an Athravan, O holy Zarathushtra!
thus said Ahura Mazda.
3.
'He holds a wrong twig in his hand and he has not girded his
loins with the Religion; when he says, "I am an Athravan,"
he lies; do not call him an Athravan, O holy Zarathushtra!' thus
said Ahura Mazda.
4.
'He wields a wrong Astra mairya and he has not girded his
loins with the Religion; when he says, "I am an Athravan,"
he lies; do not call him an Athravan, O holy Zarathushtra!' thus
said Ahura Mazda.
5.
'He who sleeps on throughout the night, neither performing
the Yasna nor chanting the hymns, worshipping neither by word
nor by deed, neither learning nor teaching, with a longing for
(everlasting) life, he lies when he says, "I am an Athravan,"
do not call him an Athravan, O holy Zarathushtra!' thus said Ahura
Mazda.
6.
'Him thou shalt call an Athravan, O holy Zarathushtra! who
throughout the night sits up and demands of the holy Wisdom, which
makes man free from anxiety, and wide of heart, and easy of conscience
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at the head of the Chinwad bridge, and which makes him reach that
world, that holy world, that excellent world of Paradise.
7.
'(Therefore) demand of me, thou upright one! of me, who am
the Maker, the most beneficent of all beings, the best knowing,
the most pleased in answering what is asked of me; demand of me,
that thou mayst be the better, that thou mayst be the happier.'
8.
Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O Maker of the material world,
thou Holy One! What is it that brings in the unseen power of Death?'
9.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'It is the man that teaches a wrong
Religion; it is the man who continues for three springs without
wearing the sacred girdle, without chanting the Gathas, without
worshipping the Good Waters.
10.
'And he who should set that man at liberty, when bound in
prison, does no better deed than if he should cut a man's head
off his neck.
11.
'For the blessing uttered by a wicked, ungodly Ashemaogha
does not go past the mouth (of the blesser); the blessing of two
Ashemaoghas does not go past the tongue; the blessing of three
is nothing; the blessing of four turns to selfcursing.
12.
'Whosoever should give to a wicked, ungodly Ashemaogha either
some Haoma prepared, or some Myazda consecrated with blessings,
does no better deed than if he should lead a thousand horse against
the boroughs of the worshippers of Mazda, and should slaughter
the men thereof, and drive off the cattle as plunder.
13.
'Demand of me, thou upright one! of me, who am the Maker,
the most beneficent of all beings, the best knowing, the most
pleased in answering what is asked of me; demand of me, that thou
mayst be the better, that thou mayst be the happier.'
II.
14.
Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'Who is the Sraoshavarez
of Sraosha? the holy, strong Sraosha, who is Obedience incarnate,
a Sovereign with an astounding weapon.'
15.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'It is the bird named Parodars, which
illspeaking people call Kahrkatas, O holy Zarathushtra! the bird
that lifts up his voice against the mighty Ushah:
16.
'"Arise, O men! recite the Ashem yad vahistem
that smites down the Daevas. Lo! here is Bushyasta, the longhanded,
coming upon you, who lulls to sleep again the whole living world,
as soon as it has awoke: 'Sleep!' [she says,] 'O poor man! the
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time is not yet come.'"
17.
'"On the three excellent things be never intent, namely,
good thoughts, good words, and good deeds; on the three abominable
things be ever intent, namely, bad thoughts, bad words, and bad
deeds."
18.
'On the first part of the night, Atar, the son of Ahura Mazda,
calls the master of the house for help, saying:
19.
'"Up! arise, thou master of the house! put on thy girdle
on thy clothes, wash thy hands, take wood, bring it unto me, and
let me burn bright with the clean wood, carried by thy wellwashed
hands. Here comes Azi, made by the Daevas, who consumes me and
wants to put me out of the world."
20.
'On the second part of the night, Atar, the son of Ahura Mazda,
calls the husbandman for help, saying;
21.
'"Up! arise, thou husbandman! Put on thy girdle on thy
clothes, wash thy hands, take wood, bring it unto me, and let
me burn bright with the clean wood, carried by thy wellwashed
hands. Here comes Azi, made by the Daevas, who consumes me and
wants to put me out of the world."
22.
'On the third part of the night, Atar, the son of Ahura Mazda,
calls the holy Sraosha for help, saying: "Come thou, holy,
wellformed Sraosha, [then he brings unto me some clean wood with
his wellwashed hands.] Here comes Azi, made by the Daevas, who
consumes me and wants to put me out of the world."
23.
'And then the holy Sraosha wakes up the bird named Parodars,
which illspeaking people call Kahrkatas, and the bird lifts up
his voice against the mighty Ushah:
24.
'"Arise, O men! recite the Ashem yad vahistem
[Ashem Vohu] and the Naismi daevo [the Creed, Y12]. Lo!
here is Bushyasta, the longhanded, coming upon you, who lulls
to sleep again the whole living world as soon as it has awoke:
'Sleep!' [she says,] 'O poor man! the time is not yet come.'"
25.
'"On the three excellent things be never intent, namely,
good thoughts, good words, and good deeds; on the three abominable
things be ever intent, namely, bad thoughts, bad words, and bad
deeds."
26.
'And then bedfellows address one another: "Rise up,
here is the cock calling me up." Whichever of the two first
gets up shall first enter Paradise: whichever of the two shall
first, with wellwashed hands, bring clean wood unto Atar, the
son of Ahura Mazda, Atar, well pleased with him and not angry,
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and fed as it required, will thus bless him:
27.
'"May herds of oxen and sons accrue to thee: may thy
mind be master of its vow, may thy soul be master of its vow,
and mayst thou live on in the joy of thy soul all the nights of
thy life."
'This is the blessing which Atar speaks unto him who brings him
dry wood, well examined by the light of the day, well cleansed
with godly intent.
28.
'And whosoever will kindly and piously present one of the
faithful with a pair of these my Parodars birds, a male and a
female, O Spitama Zarathushtra! it is as though he had given a
house with a hundred columns, a thousand beams, ten thousand large
windows, ten thousand small windows.
29.
'And whosoever shall give meat to one of the faithful, as
much of it as the body of this Parodars bird of mine, I, Ahura
Mazda, need not interrogate him twice; he shall directly go to
Paradise.'
III.
30.
The holy Sraosha, letting his club down upon her asked the
Druj: 'O thou wretched, worthless Druj! Thou then, alone in the
material world, dost bear offspring without any male coming unto
thee?'
31.
The Druj demon answered: 'O holy, wellformed Sraosha! It
is not so, nor do I, alone in the material world, bear offspring
without any male coming unto me.
32.
'For there are four males of mine; and they make me conceive
progeny as other males make their females conceive by their seed.'
33.
The holy Sraosha, letting his club down upon her, asked the
Druj: 'O thou wretched, worthless Druj! Who is the first of those
males of thine?'
34.
The Druj demon answered: 'O holy, wellformed Sraosha! He
is the first of my males who, being entreated by one of the faithful,
does not give him anything, be it ever so little, of the riches
he has treasured up.
35.
'That man makes me conceive progeny as other males make their
females conceive by their seed.'
36.
The holy Sraosha, letting his club down upon her, asked the
Druj: 'O thou wretched, worthless Druj! What is the thing that
can undo that?'
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37.
The Druj demon answered: 'O holy, wellformed Sraosha! This
is the thing that undoes it, namely, when a man unasked, kindly
and piously, gives to one of the faithful something, be it ever
so little, of the riches he has treasured up.
38.
'He does thereby as thoroughly destroy the fruit of my womb
as a fourfooted wolf does, who tears the child out of a mother's
womb.'
39.
The holy Sraosha, letting down his club upon her, asked the
Druj: 'O thou wretched, worthless Druj! Who is the second of those
males of thine?'
40.
The Druj demon answered: 'O holy, wellformed Sraosha! He
is the second of my males who, making water, lets it fall along
the upper forepart of his foot.
41.
'That man makes me conceive progeny as other males make their
females conceive by their seed.'
42.
The holy Sraosha, letting his club down upon her, asked the
Druj: 'O thou wretched, worthless Druj! What is the thing that
can undo that?'
43.
The Druj demon answered: 'O holy, wallformed Sraosha! This
is the thing that undoes it, namely, when the man rising up and
stepping three steps further off, shall say three AhunaVairya,
two humatanam, three hukhshathrotemam, and then chant the AhunaVairya
and offer up one Yenhe hatam.
44.
'He does thereby as thoroughly destroy the fruit of my womb
as a fourfooted wolf does, 'who tears the child out of a mother's
womb.'
45.
The holy Sraosha, letting his club down upon her, asked the
Druj: 'O thou wretched, worthless Druj! Who is the third of those
males of thine?'
46.
The Druj demon answered: 'O holy, wellformed Sraosha! He
is the third of my males who during his sleep emits seed.
47.
'That man makes me conceive progeny as other males make their
females conceive progeny by their seed.'
48.
The holy Sraosha, letting his club down upon her, asked the
Druj: 'O thou wretched, worthless Druj! What is the thing that
can undo that?'
49.
The Druj demon answered: 'O holy, wellformed Sraosha! this
is the thing that undoes it, namely, if the man, when he has risen
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from sleep, shall say three AhunaVairya, two humatanam, three
hukhshathrotemam, and then chant the AhunaVairya and offer up
one Yenhe hatam.
50.
'He does thereby as thoroughly destroy the fruit of my womb
as a fourfooted wolf does who tears the child out of a mother's
womb.'
51.
Then he shall speak unto Spenta Armaiti, saying: 'O Spenta
Armaiti, this man do I deliver unto thee; this man deliver thou
back unto me, against the happy day of resurrection; deliver him
back as one who knows the Gathas, who knows the Yasna, and the
revealed Law, a wise and clever man, who is Obedience incarnate.
52.
'Then thou shalt call his name "Firecreature, Fireseed,
Fireoffspring, Fireland," or any name wherein is the word
Fire.'
53.
The holy Sraosha, letting his club down upon her, asked the
Druj: 'O thou wretched, worthless Druj! Who is the fourth of those
males of thine?'
54.
The Druj demon answered: 'O holy, wellformed Sraosha! This
one is my fourth male who, either man or woman, being more than
fifteen years of age, walks without wearing the sacred girdle
and the sacred shirt.
55.
'At the fourth step we Daevas, at once, wither him even to
the tongue and the marrow, and he goes thenceforth with power
to destroy the world of Righteousness, and he destroys it like
the Yatus and the Zandas.'
56.
The holy Sraosha, letting his club down upon her, asked the
Druj: 'O thou wretched, worthless Druj, what is the thing that
can undo that?'
57.
The Druj demon answered: 'O holy, wellformed Sraosha! There
is no means of undoing it;
58.
'When a man or a woman, being more than fifteen years of age,
walks without wearing the sacred girdle or the sacred shirt.
59.
'At the fourth step we Daevas, at once, wither him even to
the tongue and the marrow, and he goes thenceforth with power
to destroy the world of Righteousness, and he destroys it like
the Yatus and the Zandas.'
IV.
60.
Demand of me, thou upright one! of me who am the Maker, the
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most beneficent of all beings, the best knowing, the most pleased
in answering what is asked of me; demand of me that thou mayst
be the better, that thou mayst be the happier.
61.
Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'Who grieves thee with the
sorest grief? Who pains thee with the sorest pain?'
62.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'It is the Jahi [courtesan], O Spitama
Zarathushtra! who mixes in her the seed of the faithful and the
unfaithful, of the worshippers of Mazda and the worshippers of
the Daevas, of the wicked and the righteous.
63.
'Her look dries up onethird of the mighty floods that run
from the mountains, O Zarathushtra; her look withers onethird
of the beautiful, goldenhued, growing plants, O Zarathushtra;
64.
'Her look withers onethird of the strength of Spenta Armaiti;
and her touch withers in the faithful onethird of his good thoughts,
of his good words, of his good deeds, onethird of his strength,
of his victorious power, and of his holiness.
65.
'Verily I say unto thee, O Spitama Zarathushtra! such creatures
ought to be killed even more than gliding snakes, than howling
wolves, than the wild shewolf that falls upon the fold, or than
the shefrog that falls upon the waters with her thousandfold
brood.'
V.
66.
Demand of me, thou upright one! of me who am the Maker, the
most beneficent of all beings, the best knowing, the most pleased
in answering what is asked of me; demand of me that thou mayst
be the better, that thou mayst be the happier.
6768.
Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'If a man shall come unto
a woman who has the whites or sees blood, and he does so wittingly
and knowingly, and she allows it willfully, wittingly, and knowingly,
what is the atonement for it, what is the penalty that he shall
pay to atone for the deed they have done?'
69.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'If a man shall come unto a woman who
has the whites or sees blood, and he does so wittingly and knowingly,
and she allows it willfully, wittingly, and knowingly;
70.
'He shall slay a thousand head of small cattle; he shall godly
and piously offer up to the fire the entrails thereof together
with Zaothralibations; he shall bring the shoulder bones to the
Good Waters.
71.
'He shall godly and piously bring unto the fire a thousand
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loads of soft wood, of Urvasna, Vohugaona, Vohukereti, Hadhanaepata,
or of any sweetscented plant.
72.
'He shall tie and consecrate a thousand bundles of Baresma;
he shall godly and piously offer up to the Good Waters a thousand
Zaothralibations, together with the Haoma and the milk, cleanly
prepared and well strained, cleanly prepared and well strained
by a pious man, and mixed with the roots of the tree known as
Hadhanaepata.
73.
'He shall kill a thousand snakes of those that go upon the
belly, two thousand of the other kind; he shall kill a thousand
landfrogs and two thousand waterfrogs; he shall kill a thousand
corncarrying ants and two thousand of the other kind.
74.
'He shall throw thirty bridges over canals; he shall undergo
a thousand stripes with the Aspaheastra, a thousand stripes with
the Sraoshokarana.
75.
'This is the atonement, this is the penalty that he shall
pay to atone for the deed that he has done.
76.
'If he shall pay it, he makes himself a viaticum into the
world of the holy ones; if he shall not pay it, he makes himself
a viaticum into the world of the wicked, into that world, made
of darkness, the offspring of darkness, which is Darkness' self.'
FARGARD 19.
I.
1.
From the region of the north, from the regions of the north,
forth rushed Angra Mainyu, the deadly, the Daeva of the Daevas.
And thus spake the evildoer Angra Mainyu, the deadly: 'Druj,
rush down and kill him,' O holy Zarathushtra! The Druj came rushing
along, the demon Buiti, who is deceiving, unseen death.
2.
Zarathushtra chanted aloud the AhunaVairya: 'The will of
the Lord is the law of righteousness. The gifts of Vohumano to
the deeds done in this world for Mazda. He who relieves the poor
makes Ahura king.'
He offered the sacrifice to the good waters of the good Daitya!
He recited the profession of the worshippers of Mazda!
The Druj dismayed, rushed away, the demon Buiti, who is deceiving,
unseen death.
3.
And the Druj said unto Angra Mainyu: 'Thou, tormenter, Angra
Mainyu! I see no way to kill Spitama Zarathushtra, so great is
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the glory of the holy Zarathushtra.'
Zarathushtra saw (all this) within his soul: 'The wicked, the
evildoing Daevas (thought he) take counsel together for my death.'
Ia.
4.
Up started Zarathushtra, forward went Zarathushtra, unabated
by Akemmano, by the hardness of his malignant riddles; he went
swinging stones in his hand, stones as big as a house, which he
obtained from the Maker, Ahura Mazda, he the holy Zarathushtra.
'Whereat on this wide, round earth, whose ends lie afar, whereat
dost thou swing (those stones), thou who standest by the upper
bank of the river Dareja, in the mansion of Pourushaspa?'
5.
Thus Zarathushtra answered Angra Mainyu: 'O evildoer, Angra
Mainyu! I will smite the creation of the Daeva; I will smite the
Nasu, a creature of the Daeva; I will smite the Pairika Knathaiti,
till the victorious Saoshyant come up to life out of the lake
Kasava, from the region of the dawn, from the regions of the dawn.'
6.
Again to him said the Maker of the evil world, Angra Mainyu:
'Do not destroy my creatures, O holy Zarathushtra! Thou art the
son of Pourushaspa; by thy mother I was invoked. Renounce the
good Religion of the worshippers of Mazda, and thou shalt gain
such a boon as Vadhaghna gained, the ruler of the nations.'
7.
Spitama Zarathushtra said in answer: 'No! never will I renounce
the good Religion of the worshippers of Mazda, either for body
or life, though they should tear away the breath!'
8.
Again to him said the Maker of the evil world, Angra Mainyu:
'By whose Word wilt thou strike, by whose Word wilt thou repel,
by whose weapon will the good creatures (strike and repel) my
creation, who am Angra Mainyu?'
9.
Spitama Zarathushtra said in answer: 'The sacred mortar, the
sacred cups, the Haoma, the Word taught by Mazda, these are my
weapons, my best weapons! By this Word will I strike, by this
Word will I repel, by this weapon will the good creatures (strike
and repel thee), O evildoer, Angra Mainyu! The Good Spirit made
the creation; he made it in the boundless Time. The AmeshaSpentas
made the creation, the good, the wise Sovereigns.'
10.
Zarathushtra chanted aloud the AhunaVairya.
The holy Zarathushtra said aloud: 'This I ask thee: teach me the
truth, O Lord! ...'
II.
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11.
Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O Ahura Mazda, most beneficent
spirit, Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! [he was sitting
by the upper bank of the Dareja, before Ahura Mazda, before the
good Vohumana, before Asha Vahista, Khshathra Vairya, and Spenta
Armaiti;]
12.
'How shall I free the world from that Druj, from that evildoer,
Angra Mainyu? How shall I drive away direct defilement? How indirect
defilement? How shall I drive the Nasu from the house of the worshippers
of Mazda? How shall I cleanse the faithful man? How shall I cleanse
the faithful woman?'
13.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Invoke, O Zarathushtra! the good Religion
of Mazda.
'Invoke, O Zarathushtra! though thou see them not, the AmeshaSpentas
who rule over the seven Karshvares of the earth.
'Invoke, O Zarathushtra! the sovereign Heaven, the boundless Time,
and Vayu, whose action is most high.
'Invoke, O Zarathushtra! the powerful Wind, made by Mazda; and
Spenta [Armaiti], the fair daughter of Ahura Mazda.
14.
'Invoke, O Zarathushtra! my Fravashi, who am Ahura Mazda,
the greatest, the best, the fairest of all beings, the most solid,
the most intelligent, the best shapen, the highest in holiness,
and whose soul is the holy Word!
'Invoke, O Zarathushtra! this creation of mine, who am Ahura Mazda.'
15.
Zarathushtra imitated my words from me, (and said): 'I invoke
the holy creation of Ahura Mazda.
'I invoke Mithra, the lord of the rolling countryside, a god armed
with beautiful weapons, with the most glorious of all weapons,
with the most victorious of all weapons.
'I invoke the holy, wellformed Sraosha', who wields a club in
his hand, to bear upon the heads of the fiends'.
16.
'I invoke the most glorious Holy Word.
'I invoke the sovereign Heaven, the boundless Time, and Vayu,
whose action is most high.
'I invoke the mighty Wind, made by Mazda, and Spenta (Armaiti),
the fair daughter of Ahura Mazda.
'I invoke the good Religion of Mazda, the fienddestroying Law
of Zarathushtra.'
III.
17.
Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O Maker of the good world,
Ahura Mazda! With what manner of sacrifice shall I worship, with
what manner of sacrifice shall I make people worship this creation
of Ahura Mazda?'
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18.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Go, O Spitama Zarathushtra! towards
the highgrowing trees, and before one of them that is beautiful,
highgrowing, and mighty, say thou these words: "Hail to
thee! O good, holy tree, made by Mazda! Ashem vohu!"
19.
'[The priest] shall cut off a twig of Baresma, long as an
aesha, thick as a yava. The faithful one, holding it in his left
hand, shall keep his eyes upon it without ceasing, whilst he is
offering up to Ahura Mazda and to the AmeshaSpentas, the high
and beautiful golden Haomas, and Good Thought and the good Rata,
made by Mazda, holy and excellent.'
IV.
20.
Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O thou, allknowing Ahura
Mazda! thou art never asleep, never intoxicated, thou Ahura Mazda!
Vohumano gets directly defiled: Vohumano gets indirectly defiled;
the Daevas defile him from the bodies smitten by the Daevas: let
Vohumano be made clean.'
21.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Thou shalt take some gomez from a bull
ungelded and such as the law requires it. Thou shalt take the
man who is to be cleansed to the field made by Ahura, and the
man that is to cleanse him shall draw the furrows.
22.
'He shall recite a hundred Ashem vohu: "Holiness is the
best of all good: it is also happiness. Happy the man who is holy
with perfect holiness!"
'He shall chant two hundred AhunaVairya: "The will of the
Lord is the law of righteousness. The gifts of Vohumano to the
deeds done in this world for Mazda! He who relieves the poor makes
Ahura king."
'He shall wash himself four times with the gomez from the ox,
and twice with the water made by Mazda.
23.
'Thus Vohumano shall be made clean, and clean shall be the
man. The man shall take up Vohumano with the left arm and the
right, with the right arm and the left: and thou shalt lay down
Vohumano under the mighty light of the heavens by the light of
the stars made by the gods, until nine nights have passed away.
24.
'When nine nights have passed away, thou shalt bring libations
unto the fire, thou shalt bring hard wood unto the fire, thou
shalt bring incense of Vohugaona unto the fire, and thou shalt
perfume Vohumano therewith.
25.
'Thus shall Vohumano be made clean, and clean shall be the
man. He shall take up Vohumano with the right arm and the left,
with the left arm and the right, and Vohumano shall say aloud:
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"Glory be to Ahura Mazda! Glory be to the AmeshaSpentas!
Glory be to all the other holy beings."'
V.
26.
Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'O thou allknowing Ahura
Mazda: Should I urge upon the godly man, should I urge upon the
godly woman, should I urge upon the wicked Daevaworshipper who
lives in sin, to give the earth made by Ahura, the water that
runs, the corn that grows, and all the rest of their wealth?'
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Thou shouldst, O holy Zarathushtra.'
27.
O Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Where are the
rewards given? Where does the rewarding take place? Where is the
rewarding fulfilled? Whereto do men come to take the reward that,
during their life in the material world, they have won for their
souls?
28.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'When the man is dead, when his time
is over, then the wicked, evildoing Daevas cut off his eyesight.
On the third night, when the dawn appears and brightens up, when
Mithra, the god with beautiful weapons, reaches the allhappy
mountains, and the sun is rising:
29.
'Then the fiend, named Vizaresha, O Spitama Zarathushtra,
carries off in bonds the souls of the wicked Daevaworshippers
who live in sin. The soul enters the way made by Time, and open
both to the wicked and to the righteous. At the head of the Chinwad
bridge, the holy bridge made by Mazda, they ask for their spirits
and souls the reward for the worldly goods which they gave away
here below.
30.
'Then comes the beautiful, wellshapen, strong and wellformed
maid, with the dogs at her sides, one who can distinguish, who
has many children, happy, and of high understanding.
'She makes the soul of the righteous one go up above the Haraberezaiti;
above the Chinwad bridge she places it in the presence of the
heavenly gods themselves.
31.
'Up rises Vohumano from his golden seat; Vohumano exclaims:
"How hast thou come to us, thou Holy One, from that decaying
world into this undecaying one?"
32.
'Gladly pass the souls of the righteous to the golden seat
of Ahura Mazda, to the golden seat of the AmeshaSpentas, to the
Garonmanem, the abode of Ahura Mazda, the abode of the AmeshaSpentas,
the abode of all the other holy beings.
33.
'As to the godly man that has been cleansed, the wicked evildoing
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Daevas tremble at the perfume of his soul after death, as doth
a sheep on which a wolf is pouncing.
34.
'The souls of the righteous are gathered together there: Nairyosangha
is with them; a messenger of Ahura Mazda is Nairyosangha.
IIa.
'Invoke, O Zarathushtra! this very creation of Ahura Mazda.'
35.
Zarathushtra imitated those words of mine: 'I invoke the holy
world, made by Ahura Mazda.
'I invoke the earth made by Ahura, the water made by Mazda, the
holy trees.
'I invoke the sea Vourukasha.
'I invoke the beautiful Heaven.
'I invoke the endless and sovereign Light.'
36.
'I invoke the bright, blissful Paradise of the Holy Ones.
'I invoke the Garonmanem, the abode of Ahura Mazda, the abode
of the AmeshaSpentas, the abode of all the other holy beings.
'I invoke the sovereign Place of Eternal Weal, and the Chinwad
bridge made by Mazda.
37.
'I invoke the good Saoka, who has the good eye.
'I invoke the whole creation of weal.
'I invoke the mighty Fravashis of the righteous.
'I invoke Verethraghna, made by Ahura, who wears the Glory made
by Mazda.
'I invoke Tishtrya, the bright and glorious star, in the shape
of a goldenhorned bull.
38.
'I invoke the holy, beneficent Gathas, who rule over the Ratus:
'I invoke the Ahunavaiti Gatha;
'I invoke the Ushtavaiti Gatha;
'I invoke the Spentamainyu Gatha;
'I invoke the Vohukhshathra Gatha;
'I invoke the Vahishtoishti Gatha.
39.
'I invoke the Karshvares of Arzahe and Savahe;
'I invoke the Karshvares of Fradadhafshu and Vidadhafshu;
'I invoke the Karshvares of Vourubaresti and Vouruzaresti;
'I invoke the bright Hvaniratha;
'I invoke the bright, glorious Haetumant;
'I invoke the good Ashi;
['I invoke the good Chisti;]
'I invoke the most pure Chista;
'I invoke the Glory of the Aryan regions;
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'I invoke the Glory of the bright Yima, the good shepherd.
40.
'Let him be worshipped with sacrifice, let him be gladdened,
gratified, and satisfied, the holy Sraosha, the wellformed, victorious,
holy Sraosha.
'Bring libations unto the Fire, bring hard wood unto the Fire,
bring incense of Vohugaona unto the Fire.
'Offer up the sacrifice to the Vazishta fire, which smites the
fiend Spengaghra: bring unto it the cooked meat and full overflowing
libations.
41.
'Offer up the sacrifice to the holy Sraosha, that the holy
Sraosha may smite down the fiend Kunda, who is drunken without
drinking, and throws down into the Hell of the Druj the wicked
Daevaworshippers, who live in sin.
[42.
'I invoke the Kara fish, who lives beneath waters in the bottom
of the deep lakes.
'I invoke the ancient and sovereign Merezu, the most warlike of
the creatures of the two Spirits.
'I invoke the seven bright Sru ...'
VI.
43.
'They cried about, their minds wavered to and fro, Angra Mainyu
the deadly, the Daeva of the Daevas; Indra the Daeva, Sauru the
Daeva, Naunghaithya the Daeva, Taurvi and Zairi; Aeshma of the
murderous spear; Akatasha the Daeva; Winter, made by the Daevas;
the deceiving, unseen Death; Zaurva, baneful to the fathers; Buiti
the Daeva; Driwi the Daeva; Daiwi the Daeva; Kasvi the Daeva;
Paitisha the most Daevalike amongst the Daevas.]
44.
'And the evildoing Daeva, Angra Mainyu, the deadly, said:
"What! let the wicked, evildoing Daevas gather together
at the head of Arezura!"
45.
'They rush away shouting, the wicked, evildoing Daevas; they
run away shouting, the wicked, evildoing Daevas; they run away
casting the Evil Eye, the wicked, evildoing Daevas: "Let
us gather together at the head of Arezura!
46.
'"For he is just born the holy Zarathushtra, in the house
of Pourushaspa. How can we procure his death? He is the weapon
that fells the fiends: he is a counterfiend to the fiends; he
is a Druj to the Druj. Vanished are the Daevaworshippers, the
Nasu made by the Daeva, the falsespeaking Lie!"
47.
'They rush away shouting, the wicked, evildoing Daevas, into
the depths of the dark, raging world of hell.
'Ashem vohu: Holiness is the best of all good.'
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FARGARD 20. Thrita, the First Healer.
1.
Zarathushtra asked Ahura Mazda: 'Ahura Mazda, most beneficent
Spirit, Maker of the material world, thou Holy One! Who was he
who first of the healers, of the wise, the happy, the wealthy,
the glorious, the strong, the Paradhatas, drove back sickness
to sickness, drove back death to death; and first turned away
the point of the sword and the fire of fever from the bodies of
mortals?'
2.
Ahura Mazda answered: 'Thrita it was who first of the healers,
of the wise, the happy, the wealthy, the glorious, the strong,
the Paradhatas, drove back sickness to sickness, drove back death
to death, and first turned away the point of the sword and the
fire of fever from the bodies of mortals.
3.
'He asked for a source of remedies; he obtained it from KhshathraVairya,
to withstand sickness and to withstand death; to withstand pain
and to withstand fever; to withstand Sarana and to withstand Sarastya;
to withstand Azana and to withstand Azahva; to withstand Kurugha
and. to withstand Azivaka; to withstand Duruka and to 'withstand
Astairya; to withstand the evil eye, rottenness, and infection
which Angra Mainyu had created against the bodies of mortals.
4.
'And I Ahura Mazda brought down the healing plants that, by
many hundreds, by many thousands, by many myriads, grow up all
around the one Gaokerena.
5.
'All this do we achieve; all this do we order; all these prayers
do we utter, for the benefit of the bodies of mortals;
6.
'To withstand sickness and to withstand death; to withstand
pain and to withstand fever; to withstand Sarana and to withstand
Sarastya; to withstand Azana and to withstand Azahva; to withstand
Kurugha and to withstand Azivaka; to withstand Duruka and to withstand
Astairya; to withstand the evil eye, rottenness, and infection
which Angra Mainyu has created against the bodies of mortals.
7.
'To thee, O Sickness, I say avaunt! to thee, O Death, I say
avaunt! to thee, O Pain, I say avaunt! to thee, O Fever, I say
avaunt! to thee, O Evil Eye, I say avaunt! to thee, O Sarana,
I say avaunt! and to thee, O Sarastya, I say avaunt! to thee,
O Azana, I say avaunt! and to thee, O Azahva, I say avaunt! to
thee, O Kurugha, I say avaunt! and to thee, O Azivaka, I say avaunt!
to thee, O Duruka, I say avaunt! and to thee, O Astairya, I say
avaunt!
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8.
'Give us, O Ahura, that powerful sovereignty, by the strength
of which we may smite down the Druj! By its might may we smite
the Druj!
9.
'I drive away Ishire and I drive away Aghuire; I drive away
Aghra and I drive away Ughra; I drive away sickness and I drive
away death; I drive away pain and I drive away fever; I drive
away Sarana and I drive away Sarastya; I drive away Azana and
I drive away Azahva; I drive away Kurugha and I drive away Azivaka;
I drive away Duruka and I drive away Astairya; I drive away the
evil eye, rottenness, and infection which Angra Mainyu has created
against the bodies of mortals.
10.
'I drive away all manner of sickness and death, all the Yatus
and Pairikas, and all the wicked Jainis.
11.
'A Airyama ishyo. May the vowfulfilling Airyaman come here,
for the men and women of Zarathushtra to rejoice, for Vohumano
to rejoice; with the desirable reward that Religion deserves.
I solicit for holiness that boon that is vouchsafed by Ahura!
12.
'May the vowfulfilling Airyaman smite all manner of sickness
and death, all the Yatus and Pairikas, and all the wicked Jainis.'
[13.
Yatha ahu vairyo: The will of the Lord is the law of righteousness.
The gifts of Vohumano to the deeds done in this world for Mazda.
He who relieves the poor makes Ahura king.
Kemna Mazda: What protector hast thou given unto me, O Mazda!
while the hate of the wicked encompasses me? Whom but thy Atar
and Vohumano, through whose work I keep on the world of Righteousness?
Reveal therefore to me thy Religion as thy rule!
Ke verethremja: Who is the victorious who will protect thy teaching?
Make it clear that I am the guide for both worlds. May Sraosha
come with Vohumano and help whomsoever thou pleasest, O Mazda!
Keep us from our hater, O Mazda and Armaiti Spenta! Perish, O
fiendish Druj! Perish, O brood of the fiend! Perish, O world of
the fiend! Perish away, O Druj! Perish away to the regions of
the north, never more to give unto death the living world of Righteousness!]
FARGARD 21.
I.
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1.
Hail, bounteous bull! Hail to thee, beneficent bull! Hail
to thee, who makest increase! Hail to thee, who makest growth!
Hail to thee, who dost bestow his part upon the righteous faithful,
and wilt bestow it on the faithful yet unborn! Hail to thee, whom
the Jahi kills, and the ungodly Ashemaogha, and the wicked tyrant.
II.
2.
'Come, come on, O clouds, from up above, down on the earth,
by thousands of drops, by myriads of drops:' thus say, O holy
Zarathushtra! 'to destroy sickness, to destroy death, to destroy
the sickness that kills, to destroy death that kills, to destroy
Gadha and Apagadha.
3.
'If death come after noon, may healing come at eve!
'If death come at eve, may healing come at night!
'If death come at night, may healing come at dawn!
'And showers shower down new water, new earth, new plants, new
healing powers, and new healing.
IIIa.
4.
'As the sea Vourukasha is the gathering place of the waters,
rising up and going down, up the aerial way and down the earth,
down the earth and up the aerial way: thus rise up and roll along!
thou in whose rising and growing Ahura Mazda made the aerial way.
5.
'Up! rise up and roll along! thou swifthorsed Sun, above
Hara Berezaiti, and produce light for the world (and mayst thou
[O man!] rise up there, if thou art to abide in Garonmanem)4,
along the path made by Mazda, along the way made by the gods,
the watery way they opened.
6.
'And the Holy Word shall keep away the evil: Of thee [O child!]
I will cleanse the birth and growth; of thee [O woman!] I will
make the body and the strength pure; I make thee rich in children
and rich in milk;
7.
'Rich in seed, in milk, in fat, in marrow, and in offspring.
I shall bring to thee a thousand pure springs, running towards
the pastures that give food to the child.
IIIb.
8.
'As the sea Vourukasha is the gathering place of the waters,
rising up and going down, up the aerial way and down the earth,
down the earth and up the aerial way:
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'Thus rise up and roll along! thou in whose rising and growing
Ahura Mazda made the earth.
9.
'Up! rise up, thou Moon, that dost keep in thee the seed of
the bull;
'Rise up above Hara Berezaiti, and produce light for the world
(and mayst thou [O man!] rise up there, if thou art to abide in
Garonmanem), along the path made by Mazda, along the way made
by the gods, the watery way they opened.
10.
'And the Holy Word shall keep away the evil: Of thee [O child!]
I will cleanse the birth and growth; of thee [O woman!] I will
make the body and the strength pure; I make thee rich in children
and rich in milk;
11.
'Rich in seed, in milk, in fat, in marrow, and in offspring.
I shall bring to thee a thousand pure springs, running towards
the pastures that give food to the child.
IIIc.
12.
'As the sea Vourukasha is the gathering place of the waters,
rising up and going down, up the aerial way and down the earth,
down the earth and up the aerial way:
'Thus rise up and roll along! thou in whose rising and growing
Ahura Mazda made everything that grows.
13.
'Up! rise up, ye deep Stars, that have in you the seed of
waters;
'Rise up above Hara Berezaiti and produce light for the world
(and mayst thou [O man!] rise up there, if thou art to abide in
Garanmanem), along the path made by Mazda. along the way made
by the gods, the watery way they opened.
14.
'And the Holy Word shall keep away the evil: Of thee [O child!]
I will cleanse the birth and growth; of thee [O woman!] I will
make the body and the strength pure; I make thee rich in children
and rich in milk;
15.
'Rich in seed, in milk, in fat, in marrow, and in offspring.
I shall bring to thee a thousand pure springs, running towards
the pastures that will give food to the child.
16.
'As the sea Vourukasha is the gathering place of the waters,
rising up and going down, up the aerial way and down the earth,
down the earth and up the aerial way:
'Thus rise up and roll along! ye in whose rising and growing Ahura
Mazda made everything that rises.
17.
'In your rising away will the Kahvuzi fly and cry, away will
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the Ayehi fly and cry, away will the Jahi who follows the Yatu,
fly and cry.
IV.
[18.
'I drive away Ishire and I drive away Aghuire; I drive away
Aghra and I drive away Ughra; I drive away sickness and I drive
away death; I drive away pain and I drive away fever; I drive
away Sarana and I drive away Sarastya. I drive away Azana and
I drive away Azahva; I drive away Kurugha and I drive away Azhivaka;
l drive away Duruka and I drive away Astairya; I drive away the
evil eye, rottenness, and infection which Angra Mainyu has created
against the bodies of mortals.
19.
'I drive away all manner of sickness and death, all the Yatus
and Pairikas, and all the wicked Jainis.
20.
'A Airyama ishyo: May the vowfulfilling Airyaman come here,
for the men and women of Zarathushtra to rejoice, for Vohumano
to rejoice; with the desirable reward that Religion deserves.
I solicit for holiness that boon that is vouchsafed by Ahura!
21.
'May the vowfulfilling Airyaman smite all manner of sickness
and death, all the Yatus and Pairikas, and all the wicked Jainis.
22.
'Yatha ahu vairyo: The will of the Lord is the law of righteousness!
'Kemna Mazda: What protector hast thou given unto me ... ?
'Ke verethremja: Who is the victorious who will protect thy
teaching ... ?
23.
'Keep us from our hater, O Mazda and Armaiti Spenta! Perish,
O fiendish Druj! Perish, O brood of the fiend! Perish, O world
of the fiend! Perish away, O Druj! Perish away to the regions
of the north, never more to give unto death the living world of
Righteousness!]
FARGARD 22. Angra Mainyu creates 99,999 diseases; Ahura Mazda
counters
with the Holy Manthra and with Airyaman
I.
1.
Ahura Mazda spake unto Spitama Zarathushtra, saying: 'I, Ahura
Mazda, the Maker of all good things, when I made this mansion,
the beautiful, the shining, seen afar (there may I go up, there
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may I arrive!)
2.
'Then the ruffian looked at me; the ruffian Angra Mainyu,
the deadly, wrought against me nine diseases, and ninety, and
nine hundred, and nine thousand, and nine times ten thousand diseases.
So mayst thou heal me, thou most glorious Mathra Spenta!
3.
'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand fleet, swiftrunning
steeds; I offer thee up a sacrifice, O good Saoka, made by Mazda
and holy.
'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand fleet, highhumped
camels; I offer thee up a sacrifice, O good Saoka, made by Mazda
and holy.
4.
'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand brown oxen that
do not push; I offer thee up a sacrifice, O good Saoka, made by
Mazda and holy.
'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand females big with young,
of all species of small cattle; I offer thee up a sacrifice, O
good Saoka, made by Mazda and holy.
5.
'And I will bless thee with the fair blessingspell of the
righteous, the friendly blessingspell of the righteous, that
makes the empty swell to fullness and the full to overflowing,
that comes to help him who was sickening, and makes the sick man
sound again.
6.
'Mathra Spenta, the allglorious, replied unto me: "How
shall I heal thee? How shall I drive away from thee those nine
diseases, and those ninety, those nine hundred, those nine thousand,
and those nine times ten thousand diseases?"'
II.
7.
The Maker Ahura Mazda called for Nairyosangha: Go thou, Nairyosangha,
the herald, and drive towards the mansion of Airyaman, and speak
thus unto him:
8.
Thus speaks Ahura Mazda, the Holy One, unto thee:
'I, Ahura Mazda, the Maker of all good things, when I made this
mansion, the beautiful, the shining, seen afar (there may I ascend,
there may I arrive!)
9.
'Then the ruffian looked at me; the ruffian Angra Mainyu,
the deadly, wrought against me nine diseases, and ninety, and
nine hundred, and nine thousand, and nine times ten thousand diseases.
So mayst thou heal me, O Airyaman, the vowfulfiller!
10.
'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand fleet, swiftrunning
steeds; I offer thee up a sacrifice, O good Saoka, made by Mazda
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and holy,
'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand fleet, highhumped
camels; I offer thee up a sacrifice, O good Saoka, made by Mazda
and holy,
11.
'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand brown oxen that
do not push; I offer thee up a sacrifice, O good Saoka, made by
Mazda and holy.
'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand females big with young,
of all species of small cattle. I offer thee up a sacrifice, O
good Saoka, made by Mazda and holy.
12.
'And I will bless thee with the fair blessingspell of the
righteous, the friendly blessingspell of the righteous, that
make, the empty swell to fullness and the full to overflowing,
that comes to help him who was sickening, and makes the sick man
sound again.'
III.
13.
In obedience to Ahura's words he went, Nairyosangha, the
herald; he drove towards the mansion of Airyaman, he spake unto
Airyaman, saying:
14.
Thus speaks Ahura Mazda, the Holy One, unto thee: 'I, Ahura
Mazda, the Maker of all good things, when I made this mansion,
the beautiful, the shining, seen afar (there may I go up, there
may I arrive!)
15.
'Then the ruffian looked at me; the ruffian Angra Mainyu,
the deadly, wrought against me nine diseases, and ninety, and
nine hundred, and nine thousand, and nine times ten thousand diseases.
So mayst thou heal me, O Airyaman, the vowfulfiller!
16.
'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand fleet, swiftrunning
steeds ; I offer thee up a sacrifice, O good Saoka, made by Mazda
and holy.
'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand fleet, highhumped
camels; I offer thee up a sacrifice, O good Saoka, made by Mazda
and holy.
17.
'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand brown oxen that
do not push; I offer thee up a sacrifice, O good Saoka, made by
Mazda and holy.
'Unto thee will I give in return a thousand females, big with
young, of all species of small cattle; I offer thee up a sacrifice,
O good Saoka, made by Mazda and holy.
18.
'And I will bless thee with the fair blessingspell of the
righteous, the friendly blessingspell of the righteous, that
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makes the empty swell to fullness and the full to overflowing,
that comes to help him who was sickening, and makes the sick man
sound again.'
IV.
19.
Quickly was it done, nor was it long, eagerly set off the
vowfulfilling Airyaman, towards the mountain of the holy Questions,
towards the forest of the holy Questions.
20.
Nine kinds of stallions brought he with him, the vowfulfilling
Airyaman.
Nine hinds of camels brought he with him, the vowfulfilling Airyaman.
Nine kinds of bulls brought he with him, the vowfulfilling Airyaman.
Nine kinds of small cattle brought he with him, the vowfulfilling
Airyaman.
He brought with him the nine twigs; he drew along nine furrows.
[21.
'I drive away Ishire and I drive away Aghuire; I drive away
Aghra and I drive away Ughra; I drive away sickness and I drive
away death; I drive away pain and I drive away fever; I drive
away Sarana and I drive away Sarastya; I drive away Azhana and
I drive away Azhahva; I drive away Kurugha and I drive away Azhivaka;
I drive away Duruka and I drive away Astairya. I drive away the
evil eye, rottenness, and infection which Angra Mainyu has created
against the bodies of mortals.
22.
'I drive away all manner of sickness and death, all the Yatus
and Pairikas, and all the wicked Jainis.
23.
'May the vowfulfilling Airyaman come here, for the men and
women of Zarathushtra to rejoice, for Vohumano to rejoice; with
the desirable reward that Religion deserves. I solicit for holiness
that boon that is vouchsafed by Ahura.
24.
'May the vowfulfilling Airyaman smite all manner of sickness
and death, all the Yatus and Pairikas, and all the wicked Jainis.
25.
'Yatha ahu vairyo: The will of the Lord is the law of righteousness.
The gifts of Vohumano to the deeds done in this world for Mazda.
He who relieves the poor makes Ahura king.
'Kemna Mazda: What protector hast thou given unto me O Mazda!
while the hate of the wicked encompasses me? Whom but thy Atar
and Vohumano, through whose work I keep on the world of righteousness?
Reveal therefore to me thy Religion as thy rule!
'Ke verethremja: Who is the victorious who will protect thy
teaching? Make it clear that I am the guide for both worlds. May
Sraosha come with Vohumano and help whomsoever thou pleasest,
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O Mazda!
'Keep us from our hater, O Mazda and Armaiti Spenta! Perish, O
fiendish Druj! Perish, O brood of the fiend! Perish, O world of
the fiend! Perish away, O Druj! Perish away to the regions of
the north, never more to give unto death the living world of Righteousness!']
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FARGARD 22. Angra Mainyu creates 99,999 diseases; Ahura Mazda counters with the Holy Manthra and with Airyaman 111
Bookmarks
1. Table of Contents, page = 3
2. AVESTA: Vendidad, page = 4
3. Translated by James Darmesteter, page = 4
4. FARGARD 1. Sixteen perfect lands created by Ahura Mazda, and as many plagues created by Angra Mainyu. , page = 4
5. FARGARD 2. Myths of Yima , page = 7
6. FARGARD 3. The Earth , page = 12
7. FARGARD 4. Contracts and offenses , page = 16
8. FARGARD 5. Purity laws , page = 23
9. FARGARD 6. Purity laws , page = 30
10. FARGARD 7. Purity laws , page = 35
11. FARGARD 8. Purity laws , page = 43
12. FARGARD 9. The Nine Nights' Barashnum., page = 56
13. FARGARD 10. Formulas recited during the process of cleansing, page = 64
14. FARGARD 11. Special formulas for cleansing several objects , page = 67
15. FARGARD 12. The Upaman: how long it lasts for different relatives, page = 70
16. FARGARD 13. The Dog., page = 74
17. FARGARD 14. Atoning for the murder of a water-dog , page = 81
18. FARGARD 15. Regarding certain sins and obligations , page = 83
19. FARGARD 16. Purity laws regarding menstruation , page = 88
20. FARGARD 17. Hair and nails , page = 91
21. FARGARD 18., page = 92
22. FARGARD 19., page = 99
23. FARGARD 20. Thrita, the First Healer., page = 106
24. FARGARD 21., page = 107
25. FARGARD 22. Angra Mainyu creates 99,999 diseases; Ahura Mazda counters with the Holy Manthra and with Airyaman , page = 110