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The Sorrows of Young Werther........................................................................................................................1

I have carefully collected whatever I have been able to learn of the story of poor Werther, and here present it

to you, knowing that you will thank me for it. To his spirit and character you cannot refuse your admiration

And thou, good soul, who sufferest the same distress as he endured once, draw comfort from his sorrows; and

let this little book be thy friend, if, owing to fortune or through thine own fault, thou canst not find a dearer

How happy I am that I am gone! My dear friend, what a thing is the heart of man! To leave you, from whom I

have been inseparable, whom I love so dearly, and yet to feel happy! I know you will forgive me. Have not

other attachments been specially appointed by fate to torment a head like mine? Poor Leonora! and yet I was

not to blame. Was it my fault, that, whilst the peculiar charms of her sister afforded me an agreeable

entertainment, a passion for me was engendered in her feeble heart? And yet am I wholly blameless? Did I

not encourage her emotions? Did I not feel charmed at those truly genuine expressions of nature, which,

though but little mirthful in reality, so often amused us? Did I not but oh! what is man, that he dares so to

accuse himself? My dear friend I promise you I will improve; I will no longer, as has ever been my habit,

continue to ruminate on every petty vexation which fortune may dispense; I will enjoy the present, and the

past shall be for me the past. No doubt you are right, my best of friends, there would be far less suffering

amongst mankind, if men and God knows why they are so fashioned did not employ their imaginations

so assiduously in recalling the memory of past sorrow, instead of bearing their present lot with equanimity.

Be kind enough to inform my mother that I shall attend to her business to the best of my ability, and shall

give her the earliest information about it. I have seen my aunt, and find that she is very far from being the

disagreeable person our friends allege her to be. She is a lively, cheerful woman, with the best of hearts. I

explained to her my mother's wrongs with regard to that part of her portion which has been withheld from

her. She told me the motives and reasons of her own conduct, and the terms on which she is willing to give

up the whole, and to do more than we have asked. In short, I cannot write further upon this subject at present;

only assure my mother that all will go on well. And I have again observed, my dear friend, in this trifling

affair, that misunderstandings and neglect occasion more mischief in the world than even malice and

In other respects I am very well off here. Solitude in this terrestrial paradise is a genial balm to my mind, and

the young spring cheers with its bounteous promises my oftentimes misgiving heart. Every tree, every bush,

is full of flowers; and one might wish himself transformed into a butterfly, to float about in this ocean of

The town itself is disagreeable; but then, all around, you find an inexpressible beauty of nature. This induced

the late Count M to lay out a garden on one of the sloping hills which here intersect each other with the most

charming variety, and form the most lovely valleys. The garden is simple; and it is easy to perceive, even

upon your first entrance, that the plan was not designed by a scientific gardener, but by a man who wished to

give himself up here to the enjoyment of his own sensitive heart. Many a tear have I already shed to the

memory of its departed master in a summerhouse which is now reduced to ruins, but was his favourite

resort, and now is mine. I shall soon be master of the place. The gardener has become attached to me within

A wonderful serenity has taken possession of my entire soul, like these sweet mornings of spring which I

enjoy with my whole heart. I am alone, and feel the charm of existence in this spot, which was created for the

bliss of souls like mine. I am so happy, my dear friend, so absorbed in the exquisite sense of mere tranquil

existence, that I neglect my talents. I should be incapable of drawing a single stroke at the present moment;

and yet I feel that I never was a greater artist than now. When, while the lovely valley teems with vapour

around me, and the meridian sun strikes the upper surface of the impenetrable foliage of my trees, and but a

few stray gleams steal into the inner sanctuary, I throw myself down among the tall grass by the trickling

stream; and, as I lie close to the earth, a thousand unknown plants are noticed by me: when I hear the buzz of

the little world among the stalks, and grow familiar with the countless indescribable forms of the insects and

flies, then I feel the presence of the Almighty, who formed us in his own image, and the breath of that

universal love which bears and sustains us, as it floats around us in an eternity of bliss; and then, my friend,

when darkness overspreads my eyes, and heaven and earth seem to dwell in my soul and absorb its power,

like the form of a beloved mistress, then I often think with longing, Oh, would I could describe these

conceptions, could impress upon paper all that is living so full and warm within me, that it might be the

mirror of my soul, as my soul is the mirror of the infinite God! O my friend but it is too much for my

I know not whether some deceitful spirits haunt this spot, or whether it be the warm, celestial fancy in my

own heart which makes everything around me seem like paradise. In front of the house is a fountain, a

fountain to which I am bound by a charm like Melusina and her sisters. Descending a gentle slope, you come

to an arch, where, some twenty steps lower down, water of the clearest crystal gushes from the marble rock.

The narrow wall which encloses it above, the tall trees which encircle the spot, and the coolness of the place

itself, everything imparts a pleasant but sublime impression. Not a day passes on which I do not spend an

hour there. The young maidens come from the town to fetch water, innocent and necessary employment,

and formerly the occupation of the daughters of kings. As I take my rest there, the idea of the old patriarchal

life is awakened around me. I see them, our old ancestors, how they formed their friendships and contracted

alliances at the fountainside; and I feel how fountains and streams were guarded by beneficent spirits. He

who is a stranger to these sensations has never really enjoyed cool repose at the side of a fountain after the

You ask if you shall send me books. My dear friend, I beseech you, for the love of God, relieve me from such

a yoke! I need no more to be guided, agitated, heated. My heart ferments sufficiently of itself. I want strains

to lull me, and I find them to perfection in my Homer. Often do I strive to allay the burning fever of my

blood; and you have never witnessed anything so unsteady, so uncertain, as my heart. But need I confess this

to you, my dear friend, who have so often endured the anguish of witnessing my sudden transitions from

sorrow to immoderate joy, and from sweet melancholy to violent passions? I treat my poor heart like a sick

child, and gratify its every fancy. Do not mention this again: there are people who would censure me for it.

The common people of the place know me already, and love me, particularly the children. When at first I

associated with them, and inquired in a friendly tone about their various trifles, some fancied that I wished to

ridicule them, and turned from me in exceeding illhumour. I did not allow that circumstance to grieve me: I

only felt most keenly what I have often before observed. Persons who can claim a certain rank keep

themselves coldly aloof from the common people, as though they feared to lose their importance by the

contact; whilst wanton idlers, and such as are prone to bad joking, affect to descend to their level, only to

I know very well that we are not all equal, nor can be so; but it is my opinion that he who avoids the common

people, in order not to lose their respect, is as much to blame as a coward who hides himself from his enemy

The other day I went to the fountain, and found a young servantgirl, who had set her pitcher on the lowest

step, and looked around to see if one of her companions was approaching to place it on her head. I ran down,

and looked at her. "Shall I help you, pretty lass?" said I. She blushed deeply. "Oh, sir!" she exclaimed. "No

ceremony!" I replied. She adjusted her headgear, and I helped her. She thanked me, and ascended the steps.

I have made all sorts of acquaintances, but have as yet found no society. I know not what attraction I possess

for the people, so many of them like me, and attach themselves to me; and then I feel sorry when the road we

pursue together goes only a short distance. If you inquire what the people are like here, I must answer, "The

same as everywhere." The human race is but a monotonous affair. Most of them labour the greater part of

their time for mere subsistence; and the scanty portion of freedom which remains to them so troubles them

But they are a right good sort of people. If I occasionally forget myself, and take part in the innocent

pleasures which are not yet forbidden to the peasantry, and enjoy myself, for instance, with genuine freedom

and sincerity, round a wellcovered table, or arrange an excursion or a dance opportunely, and so forth, all

this produces a good effect upon my disposition; only I must forget that there lie dormant within me so many

other qualities which moulder uselessly, and which I am obliged to keep carefully concealed. Ah! this

thought affects my spirits fearfully. And yet to be misunderstood is the fate of the like of us.

Alas, that the friend of my youth is gone! Alas, that I ever knew her! I might say to myself, "You are a

dreamer to seek what is not to be found here below." But she has been mine. I have possessed that heart, that

noble soul, in whose presence I seemed to be more than I really was, because I was all that I could be. Good

heavens! did then a single power of my soul remain unexercised? In her presence could I not display, to its

full extent, that mysterious feeling with which my heart embraces nature? Was not our intercourse a perpetual

web of the finest emotions, of the keenest wit, the varieties of which, even in their very eccentricity, bore the

stamp of genius? Alas! the few years by which she was my senior brought her to the grave before me. Never

A few days ago I met a certain young V, a frank, open fellow, with a most pleasing countenance. He has

just left the university, does not deem himself overwise, but believes he knows more than other people. He

has worked hard, as I can perceive from many circumstances, and, in short, possesses a large stock of

information. When he heard that I am drawing a good deal, and that I know Greek (two wonderful things for

this part of the country), he came to see me, and displayed his whole store of learning, from Batteaux to

Wood, from De Piles to Winkelmann: he assured me he had read through the first part of Sultzer's theory, and

also possessed a manuscript of Heyne's work on the study of the antique. I allowed it all to pass. I have

become acquainted, also, with a very worthy person, the district judge, a frank and openhearted man. I am

told it is a most delightful thing to see him in the midst of his children, of whom he has nine. His eldest

daughter especially is highly spoken of. He has invited me to go and see him, and I intend to do so on the first

opportunity. He lives at one of the royal huntinglodges, which can be reached from here in an hour and a

half by walking, and which he obtained leave to inhabit after the loss of his wife, as it is so painful to him to

There have also come in my way a few other originals of a questionable sort, who are in all respects

undesirable, and most intolerable in their demonstration of friendship. Goodbye. This letter will please you:

That the life of man is but a dream, many a man has surmised heretofore; and I, too, am everywhere pursued

by this feeling. When I consider the narrow limits within which our active and inquiring faculties are

confined; when I see how all our energies are wasted in providing for mere necessities, which again have no

further end than to prolong a wretched existence; and then that all our satisfaction concerning certain subjects

of investigation ends in nothing better than a passive resignation, whilst we amuse ourselves painting our

prisonwalls with bright figures and brilliant landscapes, when I consider all this, Wilhelm, I am silent. I

examine my own being, and find there a world, but a world rather of imagination and dim desires, than of

distinctness and living power. Then everything swims before my senses, and I smile and dream while

All learned professors and doctors are agreed that children do not comprehend the cause of their desires; but

that the grownup should wander about this earth like children, without knowing whence they come, or

whither they go, influenced as little by fixed motives, but guided like them by biscuits, sugarplums, and the

rod, this is what nobody is willing to acknowledge; and yet I think it is palpable.

I know what you will say in reply; for I am ready to admit that they are happiest, who, like children, amuse

themselves with their playthings, dress and undress their dolls, and attentively watch the cupboard, where

mamma has locked up her sweet things, and, when at last they get a delicious morsel, eat it greedily, and

exclaim, "More!" These are certainly happy beings; but others also are objects of envy, who dignify their

paltry employments, and sometimes even their passions, with pompous titles, representing them to mankind

as gigantic achievements performed for their welfare and glory. But the man who humbly acknowledges the

vanity of all this, who observes with what pleasure the thriving citizen converts his little garden into a

paradise, and how patiently even the poor man pursues his weary way under his burden, and how all wish

equally to behold the light of the sun a little longer, yes, such a man is at peace, and creates his own world

within himself; and he is also happy, because he is a man. And then, however limited his sphere, he still

preserves in his bosom the sweet feeling of liberty, and knows that he can quit his prison whenever he likes.

You know of old my ways of settling anywhere, of selecting a little cottage in some cosy spot, and of putting

up in it with every inconvenience. Here, too, I have discovered such a snug, comfortable place, which

About a league from the town is a place called Walheim. (The reader need not take the trouble to look for the

place thus designated. We have found it necessary to change the names given in the original.) It is

delightfully situated on the side of a hill; and, by proceeding along one of the footpaths which lead out of the

village, you can have a view of the whole valley. A good old woman lives there, who keeps a small inn. She

sells wine, beer, and coffee, and is cheerful and pleasant notwithstanding her age. The chief charm of this

spot consists in two lindentrees, spreading their enormous branches over the little green before the church,

which is entirely surrounded by peasants' cottages, barns, and homesteads. I have seldom seen a place so

retired and peaceable; and there often have my table and chair brought out from the little inn, and drink my

coffee there, and read my Homer. Accident brought me to the spot one fine afternoon, and I found it perfectly

deserted. Everybody was in the fields except a little boy about four years of age, who was sitting on the

ground, and held between his knees a child about six months old: he pressed it to his bosom with both arms,

which thus formed a sort of armchair; and, notwithstanding the liveliness which sparkled in its black eyes, it

remained perfectly still. The sight charmed me. I sat down upon a plough opposite, and sketched with great

delight this little picture of brotherly tenderness. I added the neighbouring hedge, the barndoor, and some

broken cartwheels, just as they happened to lie; and I found in about an hour that I had made a very correct

and interesting drawing, without putting in the slightest thing of my own. This confirmed me in my resolution

of adhering, for the future, entirely to nature. She alone is inexhaustible, and capable of forming the greatest

masters. Much may be alleged in favour of rules, as much may be likewise advanced in favour of the laws of

society: an artist formed upon them will never produce anything absolutely bad or disgusting; as a man who

observes the laws, and obeys decorum, can never be an absolutely intolerable neighbour, nor a decided

villain: but yet, say what you will of rules, they destroy the genuine feeling of nature, as well as its true

expression. Do not tell me "that this is too hard, that they only restrain and prune superfluous branches, etc."

My good friend, I will illustrate this by an analogy. These things resemble love. A warmhearted youth

becomes strongly attached to a maiden: he spends every hour of the day in her company, wears out his health,

and lavishes his fortune, to afford continual proof that he is wholly devoted to her. Then comes a man of the

world, a man of place and respectability, and addresses him thus: "My good young friend, love is natural; but

you must love within bounds. Divide your time: devote a portion to business, and give the hours of recreation

to your mistress. Calculate your fortune; and out of the superfluity you may make her a present, only not too

often, on her birthday, and such occasions." Pursuing this advice, he may become a useful member of

society, and I should advise every prince to give him an appointment; but it is all up with his love, and with

his genius if he be an artist. O my friend! why is it that the torrent of genius so seldom bursts forth, so seldom

rolls in fullflowing stream, overwhelming your astounded soul? Because, on either side of this stream, cold

and respectable persons have taken up their abodes, and, forsooth, their summerhouses and tulipbeds

would suffer from the torrent; wherefore they dig trenches, and raise embankments betimes, in order to avert

I find I have fallen into raptures, declamation, and similes, and have forgotten, in consequence, to tell you

what became of the children. Absorbed in my artistic contemplations, which I briefly described in my letter

of yesterday, I continued sitting on the plough for two hours. Toward evening a young woman, with a basket

on her arm, came running toward the children, who had not moved all that time. She exclaimed from a

distance, "You are a good boy, Philip!" She gave me greeting: I returned it, rose, and approached her. I

inquired if she were the mother of those pretty children. "Yes," she said; and, giving the eldest a piece of

bread, she took the little one in her arms and kissed it with a mother's tenderness. "I left my child in Philip's

care," she said, "whilst I went into the town with my eldest boy to buy some wheaten bread, some sugar, and

an earthen pot." I saw the various articles in the basket, from which the cover had fallen. "I shall make some

broth tonight for my little Hans (which was the name of the youngest): that wild fellow, the big one, broke

my pot yesterday, whilst he was scrambling with Philip for what remained of the contents." I inquired for the

eldest; and she bad scarcely time to tell me that he was driving a couple of geese home from the meadow,

when he ran up, and handed Philip an osiertwig. I talked a little longer with the woman, and found that she

was the daughter of the schoolmaster, and that her husband was gone on a journey into Switzerland for some

money a relation had left him. "They wanted to cheat him," she said, "and would not answer his letters; so he

is gone there himself. I hope he has met with no accident, as I have heard nothing of him since his departure."

I left the woman, with regret, giving each of the children a kreutzer, with an additional one for the youngest,

to buy some wheaten bread for his broth when she went to town next; and so we parted. I assure you, my dear

friend, when my thoughts are all in tumult, the sight of such a creature as this tranquillises my disturbed

mind. She moves in a happy thoughtlessness within the confined circle of her existence; she supplies her

wants from day to day; and, when she sees the leaves fall, they raise no other idea in her mind than that

winter is approaching. Since that time I have gone out there frequently. The children have become quite

familiar with me; and each gets a lump of sugar when I drink my coffee, and they share my milk and bread

and butter in the evening. They always receive their kreutzer on Sundays, for the good woman has orders to

give it to them when I do not go there after evening service. They are quite at home with me, tell me

everything; and I am particularly amused with observing their tempers, and the simplicity of their behaviour,

It has given me a deal of trouble to satisfy the anxiety of the mother, lest (as she says) "they should

What I have lately said of painting is equally true with respect to poetry. It is only necessary for us to know

what is really excellent, and venture to give it expression; and that is saying much in few words. Today I

have had a scene, which, if literally related, would, make the most beautiful idyl in the world. But why should

I talk of poetry and scenes and idyls? Can we never take pleasure in nature without having recourse to art?

If you expect anything grand or magnificent from this introduction, you will be sadly mistaken. It relates

merely to a peasantlad, who has excited in me the warmest interest. As usual, I shall tell my story badly; and

you, as usual, will think me extravagant. It is Walheim once more always Walheim which produces

A party had assembled outside the house under the lindentrees, to drink coffee. The company did not

A peasant came from an adjoining house, and set to work arranging some part of the same plough which I

had lately sketched. His appearance pleased me; and I spoke to him, inquired about his circumstances, made

his acquaintance, and, as is my wont with persons of that class, was soon admitted into his confidence. He

said he was in the service of a young widow, who set great store by him. He spoke so much of his mistress,

and praised her so extravagantly, that I could soon see he was desperately in love with her. "She is no longer

young," he said: "and she was treated so badly by her former husband that she does not mean to marry again."

From his account it was so evident what incomparable charms she possessed for him, and how ardently he

wished she would select him to extinguish the recollection of her first husband's misconduct, that I should

have to repeat his own words in order to describe the depth of the poor fellow's attachment, truth, and

devotion. It would, in fact, require the gifts of a great poet to convey the expression of his features, the

harmony of his voice, and the heavenly fire of his eye. No words can portray the tenderness of his every

movement and of every feature: no effort of mine could do justice to the scene. His alarm lest I should

misconceive his position with regard to his mistress, or question the propriety of her conduct, touched me

particularly. The charming manner with which he described her form and person, which, without possessing

the graces of youth, won and attached him to her, is inexpressible, and must be left to the imagination. I have

never in my life witnessed or fancied or conceived the possibility of such intense devotion, such ardent

affections, united with so much purity. Do not blame me if I say that the recollection of this innocence and

truth is deeply impressed upon my very soul; that this picture of fidelity and tenderness haunts me

everywhere; and that my own heart, as though enkindled by the flame, glows and burns within me.

I mean now to try and see her as soon as I can: or perhaps, on second thoughts, I had better not; it is better I

should behold her through the eyes of her lover. To my sight, perhaps, she would not appear as she now

"Why do I not write to you?" You lay claim to learning, and ask such a question. You should have guessed

that I am well that is to say in a word, I have made an acquaintance who has won my heart: I have I

To give you a regular account of the manner in which I have become acquainted with the most amiable of

women would be a difficult task. I am a happy and contented mortal, but a poor historian.

An angel! Nonsense! Everybody so describes his mistress; and yet I find it impossible to tell you how perfect

she is, or why she is so perfect: suffice it to say she has captivated all my senses.

So much simplicity with so much understauding so mild, and yet so resolute a mind so placid, and a

But all this is ugly balderdash, which expresses not a single character nor feature. Some other time but no,

not some other time, now, this very instant, will I tell you all about it. Now or never. Well, between

ourselves, since I commenced my letter, I have been three times on the point of throwing down my pen, of

ordering my horse, and riding out. And yet I vowed this morning that I would not ride today, and yet every

I could not restrain myself go to her I must. I have just returned, Wilhelm; and whilst I am taking supper I

will write to you. What a delight it was for my soul to see her in the midst of her dear, beautiful children,

But, if I proceed thus, you will be no wiser at the end of my letter than you were at the beginning. Attend,

I mentioned to you the other day that I had become acquainted with S, the district judge, and that he had

invited me to go and visit him in his retirement, or rather in his little kingdom. But I neglected going, and

perhaps should never have gone, if chance had not discovered to me the treasure which lay concealed in that

retired spot. Some of our young people had proposed giving a ball in the country, at which I consented to be

present. I offered my hand for the evening to a pretty and agreeable, but rather commonplace, sort of girl

from the immediate neighbourhood; and it was agreed that I should engage a carriage, and call upon

Charlotte, with my partner and her aunt, to convey them to the ball. My companion informed me, as we drove

along through the park to the huntinglodge, that I should make the acquaintance of a very charming young

lady. "Take care," added the aunt, "that you do not lose your heart." "Why?" said I. "Because she is already

engaged to a very worthy man," she replied, "who is gone to settle his affairs upon the death of his father, and

will succeed to a very considerable inheritance." This information possessed no interest for me. When we

arrived at the gate, the sun was setting behind the tops of the mountains. The atmosphere was heavy; and the

ladies expressed their fears of an approaching storm, as masses of low black clouds were gathering in the

horizon. I relieved their anxieties by pretending to be weatherwise, although I myself had some

I alighted; and a maid came to the door, and requested us to wait a moment for her mistress. I walked across

the court to a wellbuilt house, and, ascending the flight of steps in front, opened the door, and saw before

me the most charming spectacle I had ever witnessed. Six children, from eleven to two years old, were

running about the hall, and surrounding a lady of middle height, with a lovely figure, dressed in a robe of

simple white, trimmed with pink ribbons. She was holding a rye loaf in her hand, and was cutting slices for

the little ones all around, in proportion to their age and appetite. She performed her task in a graceful and

affectionate manner; each claimant awaiting his turn with outstretched hands, and boisterously shouting his

thanks. Some of them ran away at once, to enjoy their evening meal; whilst others, of a gentler disposition,

retired to the courtyard to see the strangers, and to survey the carriage in which their Charlotte was to drive

away. "Pray forgive me for giving you the trouble to come for me, and for keeping the ladies waiting: but

dressing, and arranging some household duties before I leave, had made me forget my children's supper; and

they do not like to take it from any one but me." I uttered some indifferent compliment: but my whole soul

was absorbed by her air, her voice, her manner; and I had scarcely recovered myself when she ran into her

room to fetch her gloves and fan. The young ones threw inquiring glances at me from a distance; whilst I

approached the youngest, a most delicious little creature. He drew back; and Charlotte, entering at the very

moment, said, "Louis, shake hands with your cousin." The little fellow obeyed willingly; and I could not

resist giving him a hearty kiss, notwithstanding his rather dirty face. "Cousin," said I to Charlotte, as I handed

her down, "do you think I deserve the happiness of being related to you?" She replied, with a ready smile,

"Oh! I have such a number of cousins, that I should be sorry if you were the most undeserving of them." In

taking leave, she desired her next sister, Sophy, a girl about eleven years old, to take great care of the

children, and to say goodbye to papa for her when he came home from his ride. She enjoined to the little

ones to obey their sister Sophy as they would herself, upon which some promised that they would; but a little

fairhaired girl, about six years old, looked discontented, and said, "But Sophy is not you, Charlotte; and we

like you best." The two eldest boys had clambered up the carriage; and, at my request, she permitted them to

accompany us a little way through the forest, upon their promising to sit very still, and hold fast.

We were hardly seated, and the ladies had scarcely exchanged compliments, making the usual remarks upon

each other's dress, and upon the company they expected to meet, when Charlotte stopped the carriage, and

made her brothers get down. They insisted upon kissing her hands once more; which the eldest did with all

the tenderness of a youth of fifteen, but the other in a lighter and more careless manner. She desired them

The aunt inquired of Charlotte whether she had finished the book she had last sent her. "No," said Charlotte;

"I did not like it: you can have it again. And the one before was not much better." I was surprised, upon

asking the title, to hear that it was ____. (We feel obliged to suppress the passage in the letter, to prevent any

one from feeling aggrieved; although no author need pay much attention to the opinion of a mere girl, or that

I found penetration and character in everything she said: every expression seemed to brighten her features

with new charms, with new rays of genius, which unfolded by degrees, as she felt herself understood.

"When I was younger," she observed, "I loved nothing so much as romances. Nothing could equal my delight

when, on some holiday, I could settle down quietly in a corner, and enter with my whole heart and soul into

the joys or sorrows of some fictitious Leonora. I do not deny that they even possess some charms for me yet.

But I read so seldom, that I prefer books suited exactly to my taste. And I like those authors best whose

scenes describe my own situation in life, and the friends who are about me, whose stories touch me with

interest, from resembling my own homely existence, which, without being absolutely paradise, is, on the

I endeavoured to conceal the emotion which these words occasioned, but it was of slight avail; for, when she

had expressed so truly her opinion of "The Vicar of Wakefield," and of other works, the names of which I

omit (Though the names are omitted, yet the authors mentioned deserve Charlotte's approbation, and will feel

it in their hearts when they read this passage. It concerns no other person.), I could no longer contain myself,

but gave full utterance to what I thought of it: and it was not until Charlotte had addressed herself to the two

other ladies, that I remembered their presence, and observed them sitting mute with astonishment. The aunt

looked at me several times with an air of raillery, which, however, I did not at all mind.

We talked of the pleasures of dancing. "If it is a fault to love it," said Charlotte, "I am ready to confess that I

prize it above all other amusements. If anything disturbs me, I go to the piano, play an air to which I have

You, who know me, can fancy how steadfastly I gazed upon her rich dark eyes during these remarks, how my

very soul gloated over her warm lips and fresh, glowing cheeks, how I became quite lost in the delightful

meaning of her words, so much so, that I scarcely heard the actual expressions. In short, I alighted from the

carriage like a person in a dream, and was so lost to the dim world around me, that I scarcely heard the music

The two Messrs. Andran and a certain N. N. (I cannot trouble myself with the names), who were the aunt's

and Charlotte's partners, received us at the carriagedoor, and took possession of their ladies, whilst I

We commenced with a minuet. I led out one lady after another, and precisely those who were the most

disagreeable could not bring themselves to leave off. Charlotte and her partner began an English country

dance, and you must imagine my delight when it was their turn to dance the figure with us. You should see

Charlotte dance. She dances with her whole heart and soul: her figure is all harmony, elegance, and grace, as

if she were conscious of nothing else, and had no other thought or feeling; and, doubtless, for the moment,

She was engaged for the second country dance, but promised me the third, and assured me, with the most

agreeable freedom, that she was very fond of waltzing. "It is the custom here," she said, "for the previous

partners to waltz together; but my partner is an indifferent waltzer, and will feel delighted if I save him the

trouble. Your partner is not allowed to waltz, and, indeed, is equally incapable: but I observed during the

country dance that you waltz well; so, if you will waltz with me, I beg you would propose it to my partner,

and I will propose it to yours." We agreed, and it was arranged that our partners should mutually entertain

We set off, and, at first, delighted ourselves with the usual graceful motions of the arms. With what grace,

with what ease, she moved! When the waltz commenced, and the dancers whirled around each other in the

giddy maze, there was some confusion, owing to the incapacity of some of the dancers. We judiciously

remained still, allowing the others to weary themselves; and, when the awkward dancers had withdrawn, we

joined in, and kept it up famously together with one other couple, Andran and his partner. Never did I

dance more lightly. I felt myself more than mortal, holding this loveliest of creatures in my arms, flying, with

her as rapidly as the wind, till I lost sight of every other object; and O Wilhelm, I vowed at that moment, that

a maiden whom I loved, or for whom I felt the slightest attachment, never, never should waltz with any one

We took a few turns in the room to recover our breath. Charlotte sat down, and felt refreshed by partaking of

some oranges which I had had secured, the only ones that had been left; but at every slice which, from

politeness, she offered to her neighbours, I felt as though a dagger went through my heart.

We were the second couple in the third country dance. As we were going down (and Heaven knows with

what ecstasy I gazed at her arms and eyes, beaming with the sweetest feeling of pure and genuine

enjoyment), we passed a lady whom I had noticed for her charming expression of countenance; although she

was no longer young. She looked at Charlotte with a smile, then, holding up her finger in a threatening

attitude, repeated twice in a very significant tone of voice the name of "Albert."

"Who is Albert," said I to Charlotte, "if it is not impertinent to ask?" She was about to answer, when we were

obliged to separate, in order to execute a figure in the dance; and, as we crossed over again in front of each

other, I perceived she looked somewhat pensive. "Why need I conceal it from you?" she said, as she gave me

her hand for the promenade. "Albert is a worthy man, to whom I am engaged." Now, there was nothing new

to me in this (for the girls had told me of it on the way); but it was so far new that I had not thought of it in

connection with her whom, in so short a time, I had learned to prize so highly. Enough, I became confused,

got out in the figure, and occasioned general confusion; so that it required all Charlotte's presence of mind to

The dance was not yet finished when the lightning which had for some time been seen in the horizon, and

which I had asserted to proceed entirely from heat, grew more violent; and the thunder was heard above the

music. When any distress or terror surprises us in the midst of our amusements, it naturally makes a deeper

impression than at other times, either because the contrast makes us more keenly susceptible, or rather

perhaps because our senses are then more open to impressions, and the shock is consequently stronger. To

this cause I must ascribe the fright and shrieks of the ladies. One sagaciously sat down in a corner with her

back to the window, and held her fingers to her ears; a second knelt down before her, and hid her face in her

lap; a third threw herself between them, and embraced her sister with a thousand tears; some insisted on

going home; others, unconscious of their actions, wanted sufficient presence of mind to repress the

impertinence of their young partners, who sought to direct to themselves those sighs which the lips of our

agitated beauties intended for heaven. Some of the gentlemen had gone downstairs to smoke a quiet cigar,

and the rest of the company gladly embraced a happy suggestion of the hostess to retire into another room

which was provided with shutters and curtains. We had hardly got there, when Charlotte placed the chairs in

a circle; and, when the company had sat down in compliance with her request, she forthwith proposed a

I noticed some of the company prepare their mouths and draw themselves up at the prospect of some

agreeable forfeit. "Let us play at counting," said Charlotte. "Now, pay attention: I shall go round the circle

from right to left; and each person is to count, one after the other, the number that comes to him, and must

count fast; whoever stops or mistakes is to have a box on the ear, and so on, till we have counted a thousand."

It was delightful to see the fun. She went round the circle with upraised arm. "One," said the first; "two," the

second; "three," the third; and so on, till Charlotte went faster and faster. One made a mistake, instantly a box

on the ear; and, amid the laughter that ensued, came another box; and so on, faster and faster. I myself came

in for two. I fancied they were harder than the rest, and felt quite delighted. A general laughter and confusion

put an end to the game long before we had counted as far as a thousand. The party broke up into little

separate knots: the storm had ceased, and I followed Charlotte into the ballroom. On the way she said, "The

game banished their fears of the storm." I could make no reply. "I myself," she continued, "was as much

frightened as any of them; but by affecting courage, to keep up the spirits of the others, I forgot my

apprehensions." We went to the window. It was still thundering at a distance: a soft rain was pouring down

over the country, and filled the air around us with delicious odours. Charlotte leaned forward on her arm; her

eyes wandered over the scene; she raised them to the sky, and then turned them upon me; they were

moistened with tears; she placed her hand on mine and said, "Klopstock!" at once I remembered the

magnificent ode which was in her thoughts: I felt oppressed with the weight of my sensations, and sank under

them. It was more than I could bear. I bent over her hand, kissed it in a stream of delicious tears, and again

looked up to her eyes. Divine Klopstock! why didst thou not see thy apotheosis in those eyes? And thy name

I no longer remember where I stopped in my narrative: I only know it was two in the morning when I went to

bed; and if you had been with me, that I might have talked instead of writing to you, I should, in all

I think I have not yet related what happened as we rode home from the ball, nor have I time to tell you now. It

was a most magnificent sunrise: the whole country was refreshed, and the rain fell drop by drop from the

trees in the forest. Our companions were asleep. Charlotte asked me if I did not wish to sleep also, and

begged of me not to make any ceremony on her account. Looking steadfastly at her, I answered, "As long as I

see those eyes open, there is no fear of my falling asleep." We both continued awake till we reached her door.

The maid opened it softly, and assured her, in answer to her inquiries, that her father and the children were

well, and still sleeping. I left her asking permission to visit her in the course of the day. She consented, and I

went, and, since that time, sun, moon, and stars may pursue their course: I know not whether it is day or

My days are as happy as those reserved by God for his elect; and, whatever be my fate hereafter, I can never

say that I have not tasted joy, the purest joy of life. You know Walheim. I am now completely settled

there. In that spot I am only half a league from Charlotte; and there I enjoy myself, and taste all the pleasure

Little did I imagine, when I selected Walheim for my pedestrian excursions, that all heaven lay so near it.

How often in my wanderings from the hillside or from the meadows across the river, have I beheld this

I have often, my dear Wilhelm, reflected on the eagerness men feel to wander and make new discoveries, and

upon that secret impulse which afterward inclines them to return to their narrow circle, conform to the laws of

It is so strange how, when I came here first, and gazed upon that lovely valley from the hillside, I felt

charmed with the entire scene surrounding me. The little wood opposite how delightful to sit under its

shade! How fine the view from that point of rock! Then, that delightful chain of hills, and the exquisite

valleys at their feet! Could I but wander and lose myself amongst them! I went, and returned without finding

what I wished. Distance, my friend, is like futurity. A dim vastness is spread before our souls: the perceptions

of our mind are as obscure as those of our vision; and we desire earnestly to surrender up our whole being,

that it may be filled with the complete and perfect bliss of one glorious emotion. But alas! when we have

attained our object, when the distant there becomes the present here, all is changed: we are as poor and

So does the restless traveller pant for his native soil, and find in his own cottage, in the arms of his wife, in

the affections of his children, and in the labour necessary for their support, that happiness which he had

When, in the morning at sunrise, I go out to Walheim, and with my own hands gather in the garden the pease

which are to serve for my dinner, when I sit down to shell them, and read my Homer during the intervals, and

then, selecting a saucepan from the kitchen, fetch my own butter, put my mess on the fire, cover it up, and sit

down to stir it as occasion requires, I figure to myself the illustrious suitors of Penelope, killing, dressing, and

preparing their own oxen and swine. Nothing fills me with a more pure and genuine sense of happiness than

those traits of patriarchal life which, thank Heaven! I can imitate without affectation. Happy is it, indeed, for

me that my heart is capable of feeling the same simple and innocent pleasure as the peasant whose table is

covered with food of his own rearing, and who not only enjoys his meal, but remembers with delight the

happy days and sunny mornings when he planted it, the soft evenings when he watered it, and the pleasure he

The day before yesterday, the physician came from the town to pay a visit to the judge. He found me on the

floor playing with Charlotte's children. Some of them were scrambling over me, and others romped with me;

and, as I caught and tickled them, they made a great noise. The doctor is a formal sort of personage: he

adjusts the plaits of his ruffles, and continually settles his frill whilst he is talking to you; and he thought my

conduct beneath the dignity of a sensible man. I could perceive this by his countenance. But I did not suffer

myself to be disturbed. I allowed him to continue his wise conversation, whilst I rebuilt the children's card

houses for them as fast as they threw them down. He went about the town afterward, complaining that the

judge's children were spoiled enough before, but that now Werther was completely ruining them. Yes, my

dear Wilhelm, nothing on this earth affects my heart so much as children. When I look on at their doings;

when I mark in the little creatures the seeds of all those virtues and qualities which they will one day find so

indispensable; when I behold in the obstinate all the future firmness and constancy of a noble character; in the

capricious, that levity and gaiety of temper which will carry them lightly over the dangers and troubles of life,

their whole nature simple and unpolluted, then I call to mind the golden words of the Great Teacher of

mankind, "Unless ye become like one of these!" And now, my friend, these children, who are our equals,

whom we ought to consider as our models, we treat them as though they were our subjects. They are allowed

no will of their own. And have we, then, none ourselves? Whence comes our exclusive right? Is it because we

are older and more experienced? Great God! from the height of thy heaven thou beholdest great children and

little children, and no others; and thy Son has long since declared which afford thee greatest pleasure. But

they believe in him, and hear him not, that, too, is an old story; and they train their children after their own

image, etc. Adieu, Wilhelm: I will not further bewilder myself with this subject.

The consolation Charlotte can bring to an invalid I experience from my own heart, which suffers more from

her absence than many a poor creature lingering on a bed of sickness. She is gone to spend a few days in the

town with a very worthy woman, who is given over by the physicians, and wishes to have Charlotte near her

in her last moments. I accompanied her last week on a visit to the Vicar of S, a small village in the

mountains, about a league hence. We arrived about four o'clock: Charlotte had taken her little sister with her.

When we entered the vicarage court, we found the good old man sitting on a bench before the door, under the

shade of two large walnuttrees. At the sight of Charlotte he seemed to gain new life, rose, forgot his stick,

and ventured to walk toward her. She ran to him, and made him sit down again; then, placing herself by his

side, she gave him a number of messages from her father, and then caught up his youngest child, a dirty, ugly

little thing, the joy of his old age, and kissed it. I wish you could have witnessed her attention to this old man,

how she raised her voice on account of his deafness; how she told him of healthy young people, who had

been carried off when it was least expected; praised the virtues of Carlsbad, and commended his

determination to spend the ensuing summer there; and assured him that he looked better and stronger than he

did when she saw him last. I, in the meantime, paid attention to his good lady. The old man seemed quite in

spirits; and as I could not help admiring the beauty of the walnuttrees, which formed such an agreeable

shade over our heads, he began, though with some little difficulty, to tell us their history. "As to the oldest,"

said he, "we do not know who planted it, some say one clergyman, and some another: but the younger

one, there behind us, is exactly the age of my wife, fifty years old next October; her father planted it in the

morning, and in the evening she came into the world. My wife's father was my predecessor here, and I cannot

tell you how fond he was of that tree; and it is fully as dear to me. Under the shade of that very tree, upon a

log of wood, my wife was seated knitting, when I, a poor student, came into this court for the first time, just

seven and twenty years ago." Charlotte inquired for his daughter. He said she was gone with Herr Schmidt to

the meadows, and was with the haymakers. The old man then resumed his story, and told us how his

predecessor had taken a fancy to him, as had his daughter likewise; and how he had become first his curate,

and subsequently his successor. He had scarcely finished his story when his daughter returned through the

garden, accompanied by the abovementioned Herr Schmidt. She welcomed Charlotte affectionately, and I

confess I was much taken with her appearance. She was a livelylooking, goodhumoured brunette, quite

competent to amuse one for a short time in the country. Her lover (for such Herr Schmidt evidently appeared

to be) was a polite, reserved personage, and would not join our conversation, notwithstanding all Charlotte's

endeavours to draw him out. I was much annoyed at observing, by his countenance, that his silence did not

arise from want of talent, but from caprice and illhumour. This subsequently became very evident, when we

set out to take a walk, and Frederica joining Charlotte, with whom I was talking, the worthy gentleman's face,

which was naturally rather sombre, became so dark and angry that Charlotte was obliged to touch my arm,

and remind me that I was talking too much to Frederica. Nothing distresses me more than to see men torment

each other; particularly when in the flower of their age, in the very season of pleasure, they waste their few

short days of sunshine in quarrels and disputes, and only perceive their error when it is too late to repair it.

This thought dwelt upon my mind; and in the evening, when we returned to the vicar's, and were sitting round

the table with our bread end milk, the conversation turned on the joys and sorrows of the world, I could not

resist the temptation to inveigh bitterly against illhumour. "We are apt," said I, "to complain, but with very

little cause, that our happy days are few, and our evil days many. If our hearts were always disposed to

receive the benefits Heaven sends us, we should acquire strength to support evil when it comes." "But,"

observed the vicar's wife, "we cannot always command our tempers, so much depends upon the constitution:

when the body suffers, the mind is ill at ease." "I acknowledge that," I continued; "but we must consider such

a disposition in the light of a disease, and inquire whether there is no remedy for it." "I should be glad to hear

one," said Charlotte: "at least, I think very much depends upon ourselves; I know it is so with me. When

anything annoys me, and disturbs my temper, I hasten into the garden, hum a couple of country dances, and it

is all right with me directly." "That is what I meant," I replied; "illhumour resembles indolence: it is natural

to us; but if once we have courage to exert ourselves, we find our work run fresh from our hands, and we

experience in the activity from which we shrank a real enjoyment." Frederica listened very attentively: and

the young man objected, that we were not masters of ourselves, and still less so of our feelings. "The question

is about a disagreeable feeling," I added, "from which every one would willingly escape, but none know their

own power without trial. Invalids are glad to consult physicians, and submit to the most scrupulous regimen,

the most nauseous medicines, in order to recover their health." I observed that the good old man inclined his

head, and exerted himself to hear our discourse; so I raised my voice, and addressed myself directly to him.

We preach against a great many crimes," I observed, "but I never remember a sermon delivered against

illhumour." "That may do very well for your town clergymen," said he: "country people are never

illhumoured; though, indeed, it might be useful, occasionally, to my wife for instance, and the judge." We

all laughed, as did he likewise very cordially, till he fell into a fit of coughing, which interrupted our

conversation for a time. Herr Schmidt resumed the subject. "You call ill humour a crime," he remarked, "but I

think you use too strong a term." "Not at all," I replied, "if that deserves the name which is so pernicious to

ourselves and our neighbours. Is it not enough that we want the power to make one another happy, must we

deprive each other of the pleasure which we can all make for ourselves? Show me the man who has the

courage to hide his illhumour, who bears the whole burden himself, without disturbing the peace of those

around him. No: illhumour arises from an inward consciousness of our own want of merit, from a discontent

which ever accompanies that envy which foolish vanity engenders. We see people happy, whom we have not

made so, and cannot endure the sight." Charlotte looked at me with a smile; she observed the emotion with

which I spoke: and a tear in the eyes of Frederica stimulated me to proceed. "Woe unto those," I said, "who

use their power over a human heart to destroy the simple pleasures it would naturally enjoy! All the favours,

all the attentions, in the world cannot compensate for the loss of that happiness which a cruel tyranny has

destroyed." My heart was full as I spoke. A recollection of many things which had happened pressed upon

my mind, and filled my eyes with tears. "We should daily repeat to ourselves," I exclaimed, "that we should

not interfere with our friends, unless to leave them in possession of their own joys, and increase their

happiness by sharing it with them! But when their souls are tormented by a violent passion, or their hearts

"And when the last fatal malady seizes the being whose untimely grave you have prepared, when she lies

languid and exhausted before you, her dim eyes raised to heaven, and the damp of death upon her pallid

brow, there you stand at her bedside like a condemned criminal, with the bitter feeling that your whole

fortune could not save her; and the agonising thought wrings you, that all your efforts are powerless to impart

even a moment's strength to the departing soul, or quicken her with a transitory consolation."

At these words the remembrance of a similar scene at which I had been once present fell with full force upon

my heart. I buried my face in my handkerchief, and hastened from the room, and was only recalled to my

recollection by Charlotte's voice, who reminded me that it was time to return home. With what tenderness she

chid me on the way for the too eager interest I took in everything! She declared it would do me injury, and

She is still with her dying friend, and is still the same bright, beautiful creature whose presence softens pain,

and sheds happiness around whichever way she turns. She went out yesterday with her little sisters: I knew it,

and went to meet them; and we walked together. In about an hour and a half we returned to the town. We

stopped at the spring I am so fond of, and which is now a thousand times dearer to me than ever. Charlotte

seated herself upon the low wall, and we gathered about her. I looked around, and recalled the time when my

heart was unoccupied and free. "Dear fountain!" I said, "since that time I have no more come to enjoy cool

repose by thy fresh stream: I have passed thee with careless steps, and scarcely bestowed a glance upon thee."

I looked down, and observed Charlotte's little sister, Jane, coming up the steps with a glass of water. I turned

toward Charlotte, and I felt her influence over me. Jane at the moment approached with the glass. Her sister,

Marianne, wished to take it from her. "No!" cried the child, with the sweetest expression of face, "Charlotte

The affection and simplicity with which this was uttered so charmed me, that I sought to express my feelings

by catching up the child and kissing her heartily. She was frightened, and began to cry. "You should not do

that," said Charlotte: I felt perplexed. "Come, Jane," she continued, taking her hand, and leading her down the

steps again, "it is no matter: wash yourself quickly in the fresh water." I stood and watched them; and when I

saw the little dear rubbing her cheeks with her wet hands, in full belief that all the impurities contracted from

my ugly beard would be washed off by the miraculous water, and how, though Charlotte said it would do, she

continued still to wash with all her might, as though she thought too much were better than too little, I assure

you, Wilhelm, I never attended a baptism with greater reverence; and, when Charlotte came up from the well,

In the evening I would not resist telling the story to a person who, I thought, possessed some natural feeling,

because he was a man of understanding. But what a mistake I made. He maintained it was very wrong of

Charlotte, that we should not deceive children, that such things occasioned countless mistakes and

superstitions, from which we were bound to protect the young. It occurred to me then, that this very man had

been baptised only a week before; so I said nothing further, but maintained the justice of my own convictions.

We should deal with children as God deals with us, we are happiest under the influence of innocent

What a child is man that he should be so solicitous about a look! What a child is man! We had been to

Walheim: the ladies went in a carriage; but during our walk I thought I saw in Charlotte's dark eyes I am a

fool but forgive me! you should see them, those eyes. However, to be brief (for my own eyes are

weighed down with sleep), you must know, when the ladies stepped into their carriage again, young W.

Seldstadt, Andran, and I were standing about the door. They are a merry set of fellows, and they were all

laughing and joking together. I watched Charlotte's eyes. They wandered from one to the other; but they did

not light on me, on me, who stood there motionless, and who saw nothing but her! My heart bade her a

thousand times adieu, but she noticed me not. The carriage drove off; and my eyes filled with tears. I looked

after her: suddenly I saw Charlotte's bonnet leaning out of the window, and she turned to look back, was it at

me? My dear friend, I know not; and in this uncertainty I find consolation. Perhaps she turned to look at me.

You should see how foolish I look in company when her name is mentioned, particularly when I am asked

plainly how I like her. How I like her! I detest the phrase. What sort of creature must he be who merely liked

Charlotte, whose whole heart and senses were not entirely absorbed by her. Like her! Some one asked me

Madame M is very ill. I pray for her recovery, because Charlotte shares my sufferings. I see her

occasionally at my friend's house, and today she has told me the strangest circumstance. Old M is a

covetous, miserly fellow, who has long worried and annoyed the poor lady sadly; but she has borne her

afflictions patiently. A few days ago, when the physician informed us that her recovery was hopeless, she

sent for her husband (Charlotte was present), and addressed him thus: "I have something to confess, which,

after my decease, may occasion trouble and confusion. I have hitherto conducted your household as frugally

and economically as possible, but you must pardon me for having defrauded you for thirty years. At the

commencement of our married life, you allowed a small sum for the wants of the kitchen, and the other

household expenses. When our establishment increased and our property grew larger, I could not persuade

you to increase the weekly allowance in proportion: in short, you know, that, when our wants were greatest,

you required me to supply everything with seven florins a week. I took the money from you without an

observation, but made up the weekly deficiency from the moneychest; as nobody would suspect your wife

of robbing the household bank. But I have wasted nothing, and should have been content to meet my eternal

Judge without this confession, if she, upon whom the management of your establishment will devolve after

my decease, would be free from embarrassment upon your insisting that the allowance made to me, your

I talked with Charlotte of the inconceivable manner in which men allow themselves to be blinded; how any

one could avoid suspecting some deception, when seven florins only were allowed to defray expenses twice

as great. But I have myself known people who believed, without any visible astonishment, that their house

No, I am not deceived. In her dark eyes I read a genuine interest in me and in my fortunes. Yes, I feel it; and I

may believe my own heart which tells me dare I say it? dare I pronounce the divine words? that she

That she loves me! How the idea exalts me in my own eyes! And, as you can understand my feelings, I may

Is this presumption, or is it a consciousness of the truth? I do not know a man able to supplant me in the heart

of Charlotte; and yet when she speaks of her betrothed with so much warmth and affection, I feel like the

soldier who has been stripped of his honours and titles, and deprived of his sword.

How my heart beats when by accident I touch her finger, or my feet meet hers under the table! I draw back as

if from a furnace; but a secret force impels me forward again, and my senses become disordered. Her

innocent, unconscious heart never knows what agony these little familiarities inflict upon me. Sometimes

when we are talking she Iays her hand upon mine, and in the eagerness of conversation comes closer to me,

and her balmy breath reaches my lips, when I feel as if lightning had struck me, and that I could sink into

the earth. And yet, Wilhelm, with all this heavenly confidence, if I know myself, and should ever dare

you understand me. No, no! my heart is not so corrupt, it is weak, weak enough but is not that a degree of

She is to me a sacred being. All passion is still in her presence: I cannot express my sensations when I am

near her. I feel as if my soul beat in every nerve of my body. There is a melody which she plays on the piano

with angelic skill, so simple is it, and yet so spiritual! It is her favourite air; and, when she plays the first

I believe every word that is said of the magic of ancient music. How her simple song enchants me!

Sometimes, when I am ready to commit suicide, she sings that air; and instantly the gloom and madness

Wilhelm, what is the world to our hearts without love? What is a magiclantern without light? You have but

to kindle the flame within, and the brightest figures shine on the white wall; and, if love only show us fleeting

shadows, we are yet happy, when, like mere children, we behold them, and are transported with the splendid

phantoms. I have not been able to see Charlotte today. I was prevented by company from which I could not

disengage myself. What was to be done? I sent my servant to her house, that I might at least see somebody

today who had been near her. Oh, the impatience with which I waited for his return! the joy with which I

welcomed him! I should certainly have caught him in my arms, and kissed him, if I had not been ashamed.

It is said that the Bonona stone, when placed in the sun, attracts the rays, and for a time appears luminous in

the dark. So was it with me and this servant. The idea that Charlotte's eyes had dwelt on his countenance, his

cheek, his very apparel, endeared them all inestimably to me, so that at the moment I would not have parted

from him for a thousand crowns. His presence made me so happy! Beware of laughing at me, Wilhelm. Can

"I shall see her today!" I exclaim with delight, when I rise in the morning, and look out with gladness of heart

at the bright, beautiful sun. "I shall see her today!" And then I have no further wish to form: all, all is

I cannot assent to your proposal that I should accompany the ambassador to _______. I do not love

subordination; and we all know that he is a rough, disagreeable person to be connected with. You say my

mother wishes me to be employed. I could not help laughing at that. Am I not sufficiently employed? And is

it not in reality the same, whether I shell peas or count lentils? The world runs on from one folly to another;

and the man who, solely from regard to the opinion of others, and without any wish or necessity of his own,

You insist so much on my not neglecting my drawing, that it would be as well for me to say nothing as to

I never felt happier, I never understood nature better, even down to the veriest stem or smallest blade of grass

; and yet I am unable to express myself: my powers of execution are so weak, everything seems to swim and

float before me, so that I cannot make a clear, bold outline. But I fancy I should succeed better if I had some

clay or wax to model. I shall try, if this state of mind continues much longer, and will take to modelling, if I

I have commenced Charlotte's portrait three times, and have as often disgraced myself. This is the more

annoying, as I was formerly very happy in taking likenesses. I have since sketched her profile, and must

Yes, dear Charlotte! I will order and arrange everything. Only give me more commissions, the more the

better. One thing, however, I must request: use no more writingsand with the dear notes you send me. Today

I have often determined not to see her so frequently. But who could keep such a resolution? Every day I am

exposed to the temptation, and promise faithfully that tomorrow I will really stay away: but, when tomorrow

comes, I find some irresistible reason for seeing her; and, before I can account for it, I am with her again.

Either she has said on the previous evening "You will be sure to call tomorrow," and who could stay

away then? or she gives me some commission, and I find it essential to take her the answer in person; or

the day is fine, and I walk to Walheim; and, when I am there, it is only half a league farther to her. I am

within the charmed atmosphere, and soon find myself at her side. My grandmother used to tell us a story of a

mountain of loadstone. When any vessels came near it, they were instantly deprived of their ironwork: the

nails flew to the mountain, and the unhappy crew perished amidst the disjointed planks.

Albert is arrived, and I must take my departure. Were he the best and noblest of men, and I in every respect

his inferior, I could not endure to see him in possession of such a perfect being. Possession! enough,

Wilhelm: her betrothed is here, a fine, worthy fellow, whom one cannot help liking. Fortunately I was not

present at their meeting. It would have broken my heart! And he is so considerate: he has not given Charlotte

one kiss in my presence. Heaven reward him for it! I must love him for the respect with which he treats her.

He shows a regard for me, but for this I suspect I am more indebted to Charlotte than to his own fancy for me.

Women have a delicate tact in such matters, and it should be so. They cannot always succeed in keeping two

I cannot help esteeming Albert. The coolness of his temper contrasts strongly with the impetuosity of mine,

which I cannot conceal. He has a great deal of feeling, and is fully sensible of the treasure he possesses in

Charlotte. He is free from illhumour, which you know is the fault I detest most.

He regards me as a man of sense; and my attachment to Charlotte, and the interest I take in all that concerns

her, augment his triumph and his love. I shall not inquire whether he may not at times tease her with some

little jealousies; as I know, that, were I in his place, I should not be entirely free from such sensations.

But, be that as it may, my pleasure with Charlotte is over. Call it folly or infatuation, what signifies a name?

The thing speaks for itself. Before Albert came, I knew all that I know now. I knew I could make no

pretensions to her, nor did I offer any, that is, as far as it was possible, in the presence of so much loveliness,

not to pant for its enjoyment. And now, behold me like a silly fellow, staring with astonishment when another

I bite my lips, and feel infinite scorn for those who tell me to be resigned, because there is no help for it. Let

me escape from the yoke of such silly subterfuges! I ramble through the woods; and when I return to

Charlotte, and find Albert sitting by her side in the summerhouse in the garden, I am unable to bear it,

behave like a fool, and commit a thousand extravagances. "For Heaven's sake," said Charlotte today, "let us

have no more scenes like those of last night! You terrify me when you are so violent." Between ourselves, I

am always away now when he visits her: and I feel delighted when I find her alone.

Believe me, dear Wilhelm, I did not allude to you when I spoke so severely of those who advise resignation

to inevitable fate. I did not think it possible for you to indulge such a sentiment. But in fact you are right. I

only suggest one objection. In this world one is seldom reduced to make a selection between two alternatives.

There are as many varieties of conduct and opinion as there are turns of feature between an aquiline nose and

You will, therefore, permit me to concede your entire argument, and yet contrive means to escape your

Your position is this, I hear you say: "Either you have hopes of obtaining Charlotte, or you have none. Well,

in the first case, pursue your course, and press on to the fulfilment of your wishes. In the second, be a man,

and shake off a miserable passion, which will enervate and destroy you." My dear friend, this is well and

But would you require a wretched being, whose life is slowly wasting under a lingering disease, to despatch

himself at once by the stroke of a dagger? Does not the very disorder which consumes his strength deprive

You may answer me, if you please, with a similar analogy, "Who would not prefer the amputation of an arm

to the periling of life by doubt and procrastination!" But I know not if I am right, and let us leave these

Enough! There are moments, Wilhelm, when I could rise up and shake it all off, and when, if I only knew

My diary, which I have for some time neglected, came before me today; and I am amazed to see how

deliberately I have entangled myself step by step. To have seen my position so clearly, and yet to have acted

so like a child! Even still I behold the result plainly, and yet have no thought of acting with greater prudence.

If I were not a fool, I could spend the happiest and most delightful life here. So many agreeable

circumstances, and of a kind to ensure a worthy man's happiness, are seldom united. Alas! I feel it too

sensibly, the heart alone makes our happiness! To be admitted into this most charming family, to be loved

by the father as a son, by the children as a father, and by Charlotte! then the noble Albert, who never disturbs

my happiness by any appearance of illhumour, receiving me with the heartiest affection, and loving me,

next to Charlotte, better than all the world! Wilhelm, you would be delighted to hear us in our rambles, and

conversations about Charlotte. Nothing in the world can be more absurd than our connection, and yet the

He tells me sometimes of her excellent mother; how, upon her deathbed, she had committed her house and

children to Charlotte, and had given Charlotte herself in charge to him; how, since that time, a new spirit had

taken possession of her; how, in care and anxiety for their welfare, she became a real mother to them; how

every moment of her time was devoted to some labour of love in their behalf, and yet her mirth and

cheerfulness had never forsaken her. I walk by his side, pluck flowers by the way, arrange them carefully into

a nosegay, then fling them into the first stream I pass, and watch them as they float gently away. I forget

whether I told you that Albert is to remain here. He has received a government appointment, with a very good

salary; and I understand he is in high favour at court. I have met few persons so punctual and methodical in

Certainly Albert is the best fellow in the world. I had a strange scene with him yesterday. I went to take leave

of him; for I took it into my head to spend a few days in these mountains, from where I now write to you. As

I was walking up and down his room, my eye fell upon his pistols. "Lend me those pistols," said I, "for my

journey." "By all means," he replied, "if you will take the trouble to load them; for they only hang there for

form." I took down one of them; and he continued, "Ever since I was near suffering for my extreme caution, I

will have nothing to do with such things." I was curious to hear the story. "I was staying," said he, "some

three months ago, at a friend's house in the country. I had a brace of pistols with me, unloaded; and I slept

without any anxiety. One rainy afternoon I was sitting by myself, doing nothing, when it occurred to me I do

not know how that the house might be attacked, that we might require the pistols, that we might in short, you

know how we go on fancying, when we have nothing better to do. I gave the pistols to the servant, to clean

and load. He was playing with the maid, and trying to frighten her, when the pistol went off God knows

how! the ramrod was in the barrel; and it went straight through her right hand, and shattered the thumb. I

had to endure all the lamentation, and to pay the surgeon's bill; so, since that time, I have kept all my

weapons unloaded. But, my dear friend, what is the use of prudence? We can never be on our guard against

all possible dangers. However," now, you must know I can tolerate all men till they come to "however;"

for it is selfevident that every universal rule must have its exceptions. But he is so exceedingly accurate,

that, if he only fancies he has said a word too precipitate, or too general, or only half true, he never ceases to

qualify, to modify, and extenuate, till at last he appears to have said nothing at all. Upon this occasion, Albert

was deeply immersed in his subject: I ceased to listen to him, and became lost in reverie. With a sudden

motion, I pointed the mouth of the pistol to my forehead, over the right eye. "What do vou mean?" cried

Albert, turning back the pistol. "It is not loaded," said I. "And even if not," he answered with impatience,

"what can you mean? I cannot cornprehend how a man can be so mad as to shoot himself, and the bare idea

"But why should any one," said I, "in speaking of an action, venture to pronounce it mad or wise, or good or

bad? What is the meaning of all this? Have you carefully studied the secret motives of our actions? Do you

understand can you explain the causes which occasion them, and make them inevitable? If you can, you

"But you will allow," said Albert; "that some actions are criminal, let them spring from whatever motives

"But still, my good friend," I continued, "there are some exceptions here too. Theft is a crime; but the man

who commits it from extreme poverty, with no design but to save his family from perishing, is he an object of

pity, or of punishment? Who shall throw the first stone at a husband, who, in the heat of just resentment,

sacrifices his faithless wife and her perfidious seducer? or at the young maiden, who, in her weak hour of

rapture, forgets herself in the impetuous joys of love? Even our laws, cold and cruel as they are, relent in such

"That is quite another thing," said Albert; "because a man under the influence of violent passion loses alI

"Oh! you people of sound understandings," I replied, smiling, "are ever ready to exclaim 'Extravagance, and

madness, and intoxication!' You moral men are so calm and so subdued! You abhor the drunken man, and

detest the extravagant; you pass by, like the Levite, and thank God, like the Pharisee, that you are not like one

of them. I have been more than once intoxicated, my passions have always bordered on extravagance: I am

not ashamed to confess it; for I have learned, by my own experience, that all extraordinary men, who have

accomplished great and astonishing actions, have ever been decried by the world as drunken or insane. And

in private life, too, is it not intolerable that no one can undertake the execution of a noble or generous deed,

without giving rise to the exclamation that the doer is intoxicated or mad? Shame upon you, ye sages!"

"This is another of your extravagant humours," said Albert: "you always exaggerate a case, and in this matter

you are undoubtedly wrong; for we were speaking of suicide, which you compare with great actions, when it

is impossible to regard it as anything but a weakness. It is much easier to die than to bear a life of misery with

I was on the point of breaking off the conversation, for nothing puts me so completely out of patience as the

utterance of a wretched commonplace when I am talking from my inmost heart. However, I composed

myself, for I had often heard the same observation with sufficient vexation; and I answered him, therefore,

with a little warmth, "You call this a weakness beware of being led astray by appearances. When a nation,

which has long groaned under the intolerable yoke of a tyrant, rises at last and throws off its chains, do you

call that weakness? The man who, to rescue his house from the flames, finds his physical strength redoubled,

so that he lifts burdens with ease, which, in the absence of excitement, he could scarcely move; he who, under

the rage of an insult, attacks and puts to flight half a score of his enemies, are such persons to be called weak?

My good friend, if resistance be strength, how can the highest degree of resistance be a weakness?"

Albert looked steadfastly at me, and said, "Pray forgive me, but I do not see that the examples you have

adduced bear any relation to the question." "Very likely," I answered; "for I have often been told that my

style of illustration borders a little on the absurd. But let us see if we cannot place the matter in another point

of view, by inquiring what can be a man's state of mind who resolves to free himself from the burden of life,

a burden often so pleasant to bear, for we cannot otherwise reason fairly upon the subject.

"Human nature," I continued, "has its limits. It is able to endure a certain degree of joy, sorrow, and pain, but

becomes annihilated as soon as this measure is exceeded. The question, therefore, is, not whether a man is

strong or weak, but whether he is able to endure the measure of his sufferings. The suffering may be moral or

physical; and in my opinion it is just as absurd to call a man a coward who destroys himself, as to call a man

"Paradox, all paradox!" exclaimed Albert. "Not so paradoxical as you imagine," I replied. "You allow that we

designate a disease as mortal when nature is so severely attacked, and her strength so far exhausted, that she

cannot possibly recover her former condition under any change that may take place.

"Now, my good friend, apply this to the mind; observe a man in his natural, isolated condition; consider how

ideas work, and how impressions fasten on him, till at length a violent passion seizes him, destroying all his

"It is in vain that a man of sound mind and cool temper understands the condition of such a wretched being,

in vain he counsels him. He can no more communicate his own wisdom to him than a healthy man can instil

Albert thought this too general. I reminded him of a girl who had drowned herself a short time previously,

She was a good creature, who had grown up in the narrow sphere of household industry and weekly

appointed labour; one who knew no pleasure beyond indulging in a walk on Sundays, arrayed in her best

attire, accompanied by her friends, or perhaps joining in the dance now and then at some festival, and

chatting away her spare hours with a neighbour, discussing the scandal or the quarrels of the village, trifles

sufficient to occupy her heart. At length the warmth of her nature is influenced by certain new and unknown

wishes. Inflamed by the flatteries of men, her former pleasures become by degrees insipid, till at length she

meets with a youth to whom she is attracted by an indescribable feeling; upon him she now rests all her

hopes; she forgets the world around her; she sees, hears, desires nothing but him, and him only. He alone

occupies all her thoughts. Uncorrupted by the idle indulgence of an enervating vanity, her affection moving

steadily toward its object, she hopes to become his, and to realise, in an everlasting union with him, all that

happiness which she sought, all that bliss for which she longed. His repeated promises confirm her hopes:

embraces and endearments, which increase the ardour of her desires, overmaster her soul. She floats in a dim,

delusive anticipation of her happiness; and her feelings become excited to their utmost tension. She stretches

out her arms finally to embrace the object of all her wishes and her lover forsakes her. Stunned and

bewildered, she stands upon a precipice. All is darkness around her. No prospect, no hope, no consolation

forsaken by him in whom her existence was centred! She sees nothing of the wide world before her, thinks

nothing of the many individuals who might supply the void in her heart; she feels herself deserted, forsaken

by the world; and, blinded and impelled by the agony which wrings her soul, she plunges into the deep, to

end her sufferings in the broad embrace of death. See here, Albert, the history of thousands; and tell me, is

not this a case of physical infirmity? Nature has no way to escape from the labyrinth: her powers are

"Shame upon him who can look on calmly, and exclaim, 'The foolish girl! she should have waited; she should

have allowed time to wear off the impression; her despair would have been softened, and she would have

found another lover to comfort her.' One might as well say, 'The fool, to die of a fever! why did he not wait

till his strength was restored, till his blood became calm? all would then have gone well, and he would have

Albert, who could not see the justice of the comparison, offered some further objections, and, amongst others,

urged that I had taken the case of a mere ignorant girl. But how any man of sense, of more enlarged views

and experience, could be excused, he was unable to comprehend. "My friend!" I exclaimed, "man is but man;

and, whatever be the extent of his reasoning powers, they are of little avail when passion rages within, and he

feels himself confined by the narrow limits of nature. It were better, then but we will talk of this some

other time," I said, and caught up my hat. Alas! my heart was full; and we parted without conviction on either

There can be no doubt that in this world nothing is so indispensable as love. I observe that Charlotte could

not lose me without a pang, and the very children have but one wish; that is, that I should visit them again

tomorrow. I went this afternoon to tune Charlotte's piano. But I could not do it, for the little ones insisted on

my telling them a story; and Charlotte herself urged me to satisfy them. I waited upon them at tea, and they

are now as fully contented with me as with Charlotte; and I told them my very best tale of the princess who

was waited upon by dwarfs. I improve myself by this exercise, and am quite surprised at the impression my

stories create. If I sometimes invent an incident which I forget upon the next narration, they remind one

directly that the story was different before; so that I now endeavour to relate with exactness the same

anecdote in the same monotonous tone, which never changes. I find by this, how much an author injures his

works by altering them, even though they be improved in a poetical point of view. The first impression is

readily received. We are so constituted that we believe the most incredible things; and, once they are

Must it ever be thus, that the source of our happiness must also be the fountain of our misery? The full

and ardent sentiment which animated my heart with the love of nature, overwhelming me with a torrent of

delight, and which brought all paradise before me, has now become an insupportable torment, a demon which

perpetually pursues and harasses me. When in bygone days I gazed from these rocks upon yonder mountains

across the river, and upon the green, flowery valley before me, and saw alI nature budding and bursting

around; the hills clothed from foot to peak with tall, thick forest trees; the valleys in all their varied windings,

shaded with the loveliest woods; and the soft river gliding along amongst the lisping reeds, mirroring the

beautiful clouds which the soft evening breeze wafted across the sky, when I heard the groves about me

melodious with the music of birds, and saw the million swarms of insects dancing in the last golden beams of

the sun, whose setting rays awoke the humming beetles from their grassy beds, whilst the subdued tumult

around directed my attention to the ground, and I there observed the arid rock compelled to yield nutriment to

the dry moss, whilst the heath flourished upon the barren sands below me, all this displayed to me the inner

warmth which animates all nature, and filled and glowed within my heart. I felt myself exalted by this

overflowing fulness to the perception of the Godhead, and the glorious forms of an infinite universe became

visible to my soul! Stupendous mountains encompassed me, abysses yawned at my feet, and cataracts fell

headlong down before me; impetuous rivers rolled through the plain, and rocks and mountains resounded

from afar. In the depths of the earth I saw innumerable powers in motion, and multiplying to infinity; whilst

upon its surface, and beneath the heavens, there teemed ten thousand varieties of living creatures. Everything

around is alive with an infinite number of forms; while mankind fly for security to their petty houses, from

the shelter of which they rule in their imaginations over the wideextended universe. Poor fool! in whose

petty estimation all things are little. From the inaccessible mountains, across the desert which no mortal foot

has trod, far as the confines of the unknown ocean, breathes the spirit of the eternal Creator; and every atom

to which he has given existence finds favour in his sight. Ah, how often at that time has the flight of a bird,

soaring above my head, inspired me with the desire of being transported to the shores of the immeasurable

waters, there to quaff the pleasures of life from the foaming goblet of the Infinite, and to partake, if but for a

moment even, with the confined powers of my soul, the beatitude of that Creator who accomplishes all things

My dear friend, the bare recollection of those hours still consoles me. Even this effort to recall those ineffable

sensations, and give them utterance, exalts my soul above itself, and makes me doubly feel the intensity of

It is as if a curtain had been drawn from before my eyes, and, instead of prospects of eternal life, the abyss of

an ever open grave yawned before me. Can we say of anything that it exists when all passes away, when time,

with the speed of a storm, carries all things onward, and our transitory existence, hurried along by the

torrent, is either swallowed up by the waves or dashed against the rocks? There is not a moment but preys

upon you, and upon all around you, not a moment in which you do not yourself become a destroyer. The

most innocent walk deprives of life thousands of poor insects: one step destroys the fabric of the industrious

ant, and converts a little world into chaos. No: it is not the great and rare calamities of the world, the floods

which sweep away whole villages, the earthquakes which swallow up our towns, that affect me. My heart is

wasted by the thought of that destructive power which lies concealed in every part of universal nature. Nature

has formed nothing that does not consume itself, and every object near it: so that, surrounded by earth and air,

and all the active powers, I wander on my way with aching heart; and the universe is to me a fearful monster,

In vain do I stretch out my arms toward her when I awaken in the morning from my weary slumbers. In vain

do I seek for her at night in my bed, when some innocent dream has happily deceived me, and placed her near

me in the fields, when I have seized her hand and covered it with countless kisses. And when I feel for her in

the half confusion of sleep, with the happy sense that she is near, tears flow from my oppressed heart; and,

What a misfortune, Wilhelm! My active spirits have degenerated into contented indolence. I cannot be idle,

and yet I am unable to set to work. I cannot think: I have no longer any feeling for the beauties of nature, and

books are distasteful to me. Once we give ourselves up, we are totally lost. Many a time and oft I wish I were

a common labourer; that, awakening in the morning, I might have but one prospect, one pursuit, one hope, for

the day which has dawned. I often envy Albert when I see him buried in a heap of papers and parchments,

and I fancy I should be happy were I in his place. Often impressed with this feeling I have been on the point

of writing to you and to the minister, for the appointment at the embassy, which you think I might obtain. I

believe I might procure it. The minister has long shown a regard for me, and has frequently urged me to seek

employment. It is the business of an hour only. Now and then the fable of the horse recurs to me. Weary of

liberty, he suffered himself to be saddled and bridled, and was ridden to death for his pains. I know not what

to determine upon. For is not this anxiety for change the consequence of that restless spirit which would

If my ills would admit of any cure, they would certainly be cured here. This is my birthday, and early in the

morning I received a packet from Albert. Upon opening it, I found one of the pink ribbons which Charlotte

wore in her dress the first time I saw her, and which I had several times asked her to give me. With it were

two volumes in duodecimo of Wetstein's "Homer," a book I had often wished for, to save me the

inconvenience of carrying the large Ernestine edition with me upon my walks. You see how they anticipate

my wishes, how well they understand all those little attentions of friendship, so superior to the costly presents

of the great, which are humiliating. I kissed the ribbon a thousand times, and in every breath inhaled the

remembrance of those happy and irrevocable days which filled me with the keenest joy. Such, Wilhelm, is

our fate. I do not murmur at it: the flowers of life are but visionary. How many pass away, and leave no trace

behind how few yield any fruit and the fruit itself, how rarely does it ripen! And yet there are flowers

enough! and is it not strange, my friend, that we should suffer the little that does really ripen, to rot, decay,

and perish unenjoyed? Farewell! This is a glorious summer. I often climb into the trees in Charlotte's orchard,

and shake down the pears that hang on the highest branches. She stands below, and catches them as they fall.

Unhappy being that I am! Why do I thus deceive myself? What is to come of all this wild, aimless, endless

passion? I cannot pray except to her. My imagination sees nothing but her: all surrounding objects are of no

account, except as they relate to her. In this dreamy state I enjoy many happy hours, till at length I feel

compelled to tear myself away from her. Ah, Wilhelm, to what does not my heart often compel me! When I

have spent several hours in her company, till I feel completely absorbed by her figure, her grace, the divine

expression of her thoughts, my mind becomes gradually excited to the highest excess, my sight grows dim,

my hearing confused, my breathing oppressed as if by the hand of a murderer, and my beating heart seeks to

obtain relief for my aching senses. I am sometimes unconscious whether I really exist. If in such moments I

find no sympathy, and Charlotte does not allow me to enjoy the melancholy consolation of bathing her hand

with my tears, I feel compelled to tear myself from her, when I either wander through the country, climb

some precipitous cliff, or force a path through the trackless thicket, where I am lacerated and torn by thorns

and briers; and thence I find relief. Sometimes I lie stretched on the ground, overcome with fatigue and dying

with thirst; sometimes, late in the night, when the moon shines above me, I recline against an aged tree in

some sequestered forest, to rest my weary limbs, when, exhausted and worn, I sleep till break of day. O

Wilhelm! the hermit's cell, his sackcloth, and girdle of thorns would be luxury and indulgence compared with

I must away. Thank you, Wilhelm, for determining my wavering purpose. For a whole fortnight I have

thought of leaving her. I must away. She has returned to town, and is at the house of a friend. And then,

Oh, what a night, Wilhelm! I can henceforth bear anything. I shall never see her again. Oh, why cannot I fall

on your neck, and, with floods of tears and raptures, give utterance to all the passions which distract my

heart! Here I sit gasping for breath, and struggling to compose myself. I wait for day, and at sunrise the

And she is sleeping calmly, little suspecting that she has seen me for the last time. I am free. I have had the

courage, in an interview of two hours' duration, not to betray my intention. And O Wilhelm, what a

Albert had promised to come to Charlotte in the garden immediately after supper. I was upon the terrace

under the tall chestnut trees, and watched the setting sun. I saw him sink for the last time beneath this

delightful valley and silent stream. I had often visited the same spot with Charlotte, and witnessed that

glorious sight; and now I was walking up and down the very avenue which was so dear to me. A secret

sympathy had frequently drawn me thither before I knew Charlotte; and we were delighted when, in our early

acquaintance, we discovered that we each loved the same spot, which is indeed as romantic as any that ever

From beneath the chestnut trees, there is an extensive view. But I remember that I have mentioned all this in a

former letter, and have described the tall mass of beech trees at the end, and how the avenue grows darker

and darker as it winds its way among them, till it ends in a gloomy recess, which has all the charm of a

mysterious solitude. I still remember the strange feeling of melancholy which came over me the first time I

entered that dark retreat, at bright midday. I felt some secret foreboding that it would, one day, be to me the

I had spent half an hour struggling between the contending thoughts of going and returning, when I heard

them coming up the terrace. I ran to meet them. I trembled as I took her hand, and kissed it. As we reached

the top of the terrace, the moon rose from behind the wooded hill. We conversed on many subjects, and,

without perceiving it, approached the gloomy recess. Charlotte entered, and sat down. Albert seated himself

beside her. I did the same, but my agitation did not suffer me to remain long seated. I got up, and stood before

her, then walked backward and forward, and sat down again. I was restless and miserable. Charlotte drew our

attention to the beautiful effect of the moonlight, which threw a silver hue over the terrace in front of us,

beyond the beech trees. It was a glorious sight, and was rendered more striking by the darkness which

surrounded the spot where we were. We remained for some time silent, when Charlotte observed, "Whenever

I walk by moonlight, it brings to my remembrance all my beloved and departed friends, and I am filled with

thoughts of death and futurity. We shall live again, Werther!" she continued, with a firm but feeling voice;

"Charlotte," I said, as I took her hand in mine, and my eyes filled with tears, "we shall see each other again

here and hereafter we shall meet again." I could say no more. Why, Wilhelm, should she put this question

to me, just at the monent when the fear of our cruel separation filled my heart?

"And oh! do those departed ones know how we are employed here? do they know when we are well and

happy? do they know when we recall their memories with the fondest love? In the silent hour of evening the

shade of my mother hovers around me; when seated in the midst of my children, I see them assembled near

me, as they used to assemble near her; and then I raise my anxious eyes to heaven, and wish she could look

down upon us, and witness how I fulfil the promise I made to her in her last moments, to be a mother to her

children. With what emotion do I then exclaim, 'Pardon, dearest of mothers, pardon me, if I do not adequately

supply your place! Alas! I do my utmost. They are clothed and fed; and, still better, they are loved and

educated. Could you but see, sweet saint! the peace and harmony that dwells amongst us, you would glorify

God with the warmest feelings of gratitude, to whom, in your last hour, you addressed such fervent prayers

for our happiness.'" Thus did she express herself; but O Wilhelm! who can do justice to her language? how

can cold and passionless words convey the heavenly expressions of the spirit? Albert interrupted her gently.

"This affects you too deeply, my dear Charlotte. I know your soul dwells on such recollections wlth intense

delight; but I implore " "O Albert!" she continued, "I am sure you do not forget the evenings when we

three used to sit at the little round table, when papa was absent, and the little ones had retired. You often had

a good book with you, but seldom read it; the conversation of that noble being was preferable to everything,

that beautiful, bright, gentle, and yet evertoiling woman. God alone knows how I have supplicated with

I threw myself at her feet, and, seizing her hand, bedewed it with a thousand tears. "Charlotte!" I exclaimed,

"God's blessing and your mother's spirit are upon you." "Oh! that you had known her," she said, with a warm

pressure of the hand. "She was worthy of being known to you." I thought I should have fainted: never had I

received praise so flattering. She continued, "And yet she was doomed to die in the flower of her youth, when

her youngest child was scarcely six months old. Her illness was but short, but she was calm and resigned; and

it was only for her children, especially the youngest, that she felt unhappy. When her end drew nigh, she bade

me bring them to her. I obeyed. The younger ones knew nothing of their approaching loss, while the elder

ones were quite overcome with grief. They stood around the bed; and she raised her feeble hands to heaven,

and prayed over them; then, kissing them in turn, she dismissed them, and said to me, 'Be you a mother to

them.' I gave her my hand. 'You are promising much, my child,' she said: 'a mother's fondness and a mother's

care! I have often witnessed, by your tears of gratitude, that you know what is a mother's tenderness: show it

to your brothers and sisters, and be dutiful and faithful to your father as a wife; you will be his comfort.' She

inquired for him. He had retired to conceal his intolerable anguish, he was heartbroken, "Albert, you were

in the room. She heard some one moving: she inquired who it was, and desired you to approach. She

surveyed us both with a look of composure and satisfaction, expressive of her conviction that we should be

happy, happy with one another." Albert fell upon her neck, and kissed her, and exclaimed, "We are so,

and we shall be so!" Even Albert, generally so tranquil, had quite lost his composure; and I was excited

"And such a being," She continued, "was to leave us, Werther! Great God, must we thus part with everything

we hold dear in this world? Nobody felt this more acutely than the children: they cried and lamented for a

Charlotte rose. It aroused me; but I continued sitting, and held her hand. "Let us go," she said: "it grows late."

She attempted to withdraw her hand: I held it still. "We shall see each other again," I exclaimed: "we shall

recognise each other under every possible change! I am going," I continued, "going willingly; but, should I

say for ever, perhaps I may not keep my word. Adieu, Charlotte; adieu, Albert. We shall meet again." "Yes:

tomorrow, I think," she answered with a smile. Tomorrow! how I felt the word! Ah! she little thought, when

she drew her hand away from mine. They walked down the avenue. I stood gazing after them in the

moonlight. I threw myself upon the ground, and wept: I then sprang up, and ran out upon the terrace, and

saw, under the shade of the lindentrees, her white dress disappearing near the gardengate. I stretched out

We arrived here yesterday. The ambassador is indisposed, and will not go out for some days. If he were less

peevish and morose, all would be well. I see but too plainly that Heaven has destined me to severe trials; but

courage! a light heart may bear anything. A light heart! I smile to find such a word proceeding from my pen.

A little more lightheartedness would render me the happiest being under the sun. But must I despair of my

talents and faculties, whilst others of far inferior abilities parade before me with the utmost selfsatisfaction?

Gracious Providence, to whom I owe all my powers, why didst thou not withhold some of those blessings I

possess, and substitute in their place a feeling of selfconfidence and contentment?

But patience! all will yet be well; for I assure you, my dear friend, you were right: since I have been obliged

to associate continually with other people, and observe what they do, and how they employ themselves, I

have become far better satisfied with myself. For we are so constituted by nature, that we are ever prone to

compare ourselves with others; and our happiness or misery depends very much on the objects and persons

around us. On this account, nothing is more dangerous than solitude: there our imagination, always disposed

to rise, taking a new flight on the wings of fancy, pictures to us a chain of beings of whom we seem the most

inferior. All things appear greater than they really are, and all seem superior to us. This operation of the mind

is quite natural: we so continually feel our own imperfections, and fancy we perceive in others the qualities

we do not possess, attributing to them also all that we enjoy ourselves, that by this process we form the idea

of a perfect, happy man, a man, however, who only exists in our own imagination. But when, in spite of

weakness and disappointments, we set to work in earnest, and persevere steadily, we often find, that, though

obliged continually to tack, we make more way than others who have the assistance of wind and tide; and, in

truth, there can be no greater satisfaction than to keep pace with others or outstrip them in the race.

I begin to find my situation here more tolerable, considering all circumstances. I find a great advantage in

being much occupied; and the number of persons I meet, and their different pursuits, create a varied

entertainment for me. I have formed the acquaintance of the Count C and I esteem him more and more

every day. He is a man of strong understanding and great discernment; but, though he sees farther than other

people, he is not on that account cold in his manner, but capable of inspiring and returning the warmest

affection. He appeared interested in me on one occasion, when I had to transact some business with him. He

perceived, at the first word, that we understood each other, and that he could converse with me in a different

tone from what he used with others. I cannot sufficiently esteem his frank and open kindness to me. It is the

greatest and most genuine of pleasures to observe a great mind in sympathy with our own.

As I anticipated, the ambassador occasions me infinite annoyance. He is the most punctilious blockhead

under heaven. He does everything step by step, with the trifling minuteness of an old woman; and he is a man

whom it is impossible to please, because he is never pleased with himself. I like to do business regularly and

cheerfully, and, when it is finished, to leave it. But he constantly returns my papers to me, saying, "They will

do," but recommending me to look over them again, as "one may always improve by using a better word or a

more appropriate particle." I then lose all patience, and wish myself at the devil's. Not a conjunction, not an

adverb, must be omitted: he has a deadly antipathy to all those transpositions of which I am so fond; and, if

the music of our periods is not tuned to the established, official key, he cannot comprehend our meaning. It is

My acquaintance with the Count C is the only compensation for such an evil. He told me frankly, the other

day, that he was much displeased with the difficulties and delays of the ambassador; that people like him are

obstacles, both to themselves and to others. "But," added he, "one must submit, like a traveller who has to

ascend a mountain: if the mountain was not there, the road would be both shorter and pleasanter; but there it

is, and he must get over it." The old man perceives the count's partiality for me: this annoys him, and, he

seizes every opportunity to depreciate the count in my hearing. I naturally defend him, and that only makes

matters worse. Yesterday he made me indignant, for he also alluded to me. "The count," he said, "is a man of

the world, and a good man of business: his style is good, and he writes with facility; but, like other geniuses,

he has no solid learning." He looked at me with an expression that seemed to ask if I felt the blow. But it did

not produce the desired effect: I despise a man who can think and act in such a manner. However, I made a

stand, and answered with not a little warmth. The count, I said, was a man entitled to respect, alike for his

character and his acquirements. I had never met a person whose mind was stored with more useful and

extensive knowledge, who had, in fact, mastered such an infinite variety of subjects, and who yet retained

all his activity for the details of ordinary business. This was altogether beyond his comprehension; and I took

my leave, lest my anger should be too highly excited by some new absurdity of his.

And you are to blame for all this, you who persuaded me to bend my neck to this yoke by preaching a life of

activity to me. If the man who plants vegetables, and carries his corn to town on marketdays, is not more

usefully employed than I am, then let me work ten years longer at the galleys to which I am now chained.

Oh, the brilliant wretchedness, the weariness, that one is doomed to witness among the silly people whom we

meet in society here! The ambition of rank! How they watch, how they toil, to gain precedence! What poor

and contemptible passions are displayed in their utter nakedness! We have a woman here, for example, who

never ceases to entertain the company with accounts of her family and her estates. Any stranger would

consider her a silly being, whose head was turned by her pretensions to rank and property; but she is in reality

even more ridiculous, the daughter of a mere magistrate's clerk from this neighbourhood. I cannot understand

Every day I observe more and more the folly of judging of others by ourselves; and I have so much trouble

with myseif, and my own heart is in such constant agitation, that I am well content to let others pursue their

What provokes me most is the unhappy extent to which distinctions of rank are carried. I know perfectly well

how necessary are inequalities of condition, and I am sensible of the advantages I myself derive therefrom;

but I would not have these institutions prove a barrier to the small chance of happiness which I may enjoy on

I have lately become acquainted with a Miss B, a very agreeable girl, who has retained her natural manners

in the midst of artificial life. Our first conversation pleased us both equally; and, at taking leave, I requested

permission to visit her. She consented in so obliging a manner, that I waited with impatience for the arrival of

the happy moment. She is not a native of this place, but resides here with her aunt. The countenance of the

old lady is not prepossessing. I paid her much attention, addressing the greater part of my conversation to her;

and, in less than half an hour, I discovered what her niece subsequently acknowledged to me, that her aged

aunt, having but a small fortune, and a still smaller share of understanding, enjoys no satisfaction except in

the pedigree of her ancestors, no protection save in her noble birth, and no enjoyment but in looking from her

castle over the heads of the humble citizens. She was, no doubt, handsome in her youth, and in her early years

probably trifled away her time in rendering many a poor youth the sport of her caprice: in her riper years she

has submitted to the yoke of a veteran officer, who, in return for her person and her small independence, has

spent with her what we may designate her age of brass. He is dead; and she is now a widow, and deserted.

She spends her iron age alone, and would not be approached, except for the loveliness of her niece.

What beings are men, whose whole thoughts are occupied with form and ceremony, who for years together

devote their mental and physical exertions to the task of advancing themselves but one step, and

endeavouring to occupy a higher place at the table. Not that such persons would otherwise want employment:

on the contrary, they give themselves much trouble by neglecting important business for such petty trifles.

Last week a question of precedence arose at a sledgingparty, and all our amusement was spoiled.

The silly creatures cannot see that it is not place which constitutes real greatness, since the man who occupies

the first place but seldom plays the principal part. How many kings are governed by their ministers how

many ministers by their secretaries? Who, in such cases, is really the chief? He, as it seems to me, who can

see through the others, and possesses strength or skill enough to make their power or passions subservient to

I must write to you from this place, my dear Charlotte, from a small room in a country inn, where I have

taken shelter from a severe storm. During my whole residence in that wretched place D, where I lived

amongst strangers, strangers, indeed, to this heart, I never at any time felt the smallest inclination to

correspond with you; but in this cottage, in this retirement, in this solitude, with the snow and hail beating

against my latticepane, you are my first thought. The instant I entered, your figure rose up before me, and

the remembrance! O my Charlotte, the sacred, tender remembrance! Gracious Heaven! restore to me the

Could you but see me, my dear Charlotte, in the whirl of dissipation, how my senses are dried up, but my

heart is at no time full. I enjoy no single moment of happiness: all is vain nothing touches me. I stand, as it

were, before the rareeshow: I see the little puppets move, and I ask whether it is not an optical illusion. I am

amused with these puppets, or, rather, I am myself one of them: but, when I sometimes grasp my neighbour's

hand, I feel that it is not natural; and I withdraw mine with a shudder. In the evening I say I will enjoy the

next morning's sunrise, and yet I remain in bed: in the day I promise to ramble by moonlight; and I,

The leaven which animated my existence is gone: the charm which cheered me in the gloom of night, and

I have found but one being here to interest me, a Miss B. She resembles you, my dear Charlotte, if any one

can possibly resemble you. "Ah!" you will say, "he has learned how to pay fine compliments." And this is

partly true. I have been very agreeable lately, as it was not in my power to be otherwise. I have, moreover, a

deal of wit: and the ladies say that no one understands flattery better, or falsehoods you will add; since the

one accomplishment invariably accompanies the other. But I must tell you of Miss B. She has abundance

of soul, which flashes from her deep blue eyes. Her rank is a torment to her, and satisfies no one desire of her

heart. She would gladly retire from this whirl of fashion, and we often picture to ourselves a life of

undisturbed happiness in distant scenes of rural retirement: and then we speak of you, my dear Charlotte; for

she knows you, and renders homage to your merits; but her homage is not exacted, but voluntary, she loves

Oh, that I were sitting at your feet in your favourite little room, with the dear children playing around us! If

they became troublesome to you, I would tell them some appalling goblin story; and they would crowd round

me with silent attention. The sun is setting in glory; his last rays are shining on the snow, which covers the

face of the country: the storm is over, and I must return to my dungeon. Adieu! Is Albert with you? and

For a week past we have had the most wretched weather: but this to me is a blessing; for, during my

residence here, not a single fine day has beamed from the heavens, but has been lost to me by the intrusion of

somebody. During the severity of rain, sleet, frost, and storm, I congratulate myself that it cannot be worse

indoors than abroad, nor worse abroad than it is within doors; and so I become reconciled. When the sun rises

bright in the morning, and promises a glorious day, I never omit to exclaim, "There, now, they have another

blessing from Heaven, which they will be sure to destroy: they spoil everything, health, fame, happiness,

amusement; and they do this generally through folly, ignorance, or imbecility, and always, according to their

own account, with the best intentions!" I could often beseech them, on my bended knees, to be less resolved

I fear that my ambassador and I shall not continue much longer together. He is really growing past endurance.

He transacts his business in so ridiculous a manner, that I am often compelled to contradict him, and do

things my own way; and then, of course, he thinks them very ill done. He complained of me lately on this

account at court; and the minister gave me a reprimand, a gentle one it is true, but still a reprimand. In

consequence of this, I was about to tender my resignation, when I received a letter, to which I submitted with

great respect, on account of the high, noble, and generous spirit which dictated it. He endeavoured to soothe

my excessive sensibility, paid a tribute to my extreme ideas of duty, of good example, and of perseverance in

business, as the fruit of my youthful ardour, an impulse which he did not seek to destroy, but only to

moderate, that it might have proper play and be productive of good. So now I am at rest for another week,

and no longer at variance with myself. Content and peace of mind are valuable things: I could wish, my dear

God bless you, my dear friends, and may he grant you that happiness which he denies to me!

I thank you, Albert, for having deceived me. I waited for the news that your weddingday was fixed; and I

intended on that day, with solemnity, to take down Charlotte's profile from the wall, and to bury it with some

other papers I possess. You are now united, and her picture still remains here. Well, let it remain! Why should

it not? I know that I am still one of your society, that I still occupy a place uninjured in Charlotte's heart, that

I hold the second place therein; and I intend to keep it. Oh, I should become mad if she could forget! Albert,

that thought is hell! Farewell, Albert farewell, angel of heaven farewell, Charlotte!

I have just had a sad adventure, which will drive me away from here. I lose all patience! Death! It is

not to be remedied; and you alone are to blame, for you urged and impelled me to fill a post for which I was

by no means suited. I have now reason to be satisfied, and so have you! But, that you may not again attribute

this fatality to my impetuous temper, I send you, my dear sir, a plain and simple narration of the affair, as a

The Count of O likes and distinguishes me. It is well known, and I have mentioned this to you a hundred

times. Yesterday I dined with him. It is the day on which the nobility are accustomed to assemble at his house

in the evening. I never once thought of the assembly, nor that we subalterns did not belong to such society.

Well, I dined with the count; and, after dinner, we adjourned to the large hall. We walked up and down

together: and I conversed with him, and with Colonel B, who joined us; and in this manner the hour for the

assembly approached. God knows, I was thinking of nothing, when who should enter but the honourable

Lady accompanied by her noble husband and their silly, scheming daughter, with her small waist and flat

neck; and, with disdainful looks and a haughty air they passed me by. As I heartily detest the whole race, I

determined upon going away; and only waited till the count had disengaged himself from their impertinent

prattle, to take leave, when the agreeable Miss B came in. As I never meet her without experiencing a

heartfelt pleasure, I stayed and talked to her, leaning over the back of her chair, and did not perceive, till after

some time, that she seemed a little confused, and ceased to answer me with her usual ease of manner. I was

struck with it. "Heavens!" I said to myself, "can she, too, be like the rest?" I felt annoyed, and was about to

withdraw; but I remained, notwithstanding, forming excuses for her conduct, fancying she did not mean it,

and still hoping to receive some friendly recognition. The rest of the company now arrived. There was the

Baron F , in an entire suit that dated from the coronation of Francis I.; the Chancellor N, with his deaf

wife; the shabbilydressed I, whose oldfashioned coat bore evidence of modern repairs: this crowned the

whole. I conversed with some of my acquaintances, but they answered me laconically. I was engaged in

observing Miss B, and did not notice that the women were whispering at the end of the room, that the

murmur extended by degrees to the men, that Madame S addressed the count with much warmth (this was

all related to me subsequently by Miss B); till at length the count came up to me, and took me to the

window. "You know our ridiculous customs," he said. "I perceive the company is rather displeased at your

being here. I would not on any account" "I beg your excellency's pardon!" I exclaimed. "I ought to have

thought of this before, but I know you will forgive this little inattention. I was going," I added, "some time

ago, but my evil genius detained me." And I smiled and bowed, to take my leave. He shook me by the hand,

in a manner which expressed everything. I hastened at once from the illustrious assembly, sprang into a

carriage, and drove to M. I contemplated the setting sun from the top of the hill, and read that beautiful

passage in Homer, where Ulysses is entertained by the hospitable herdsmen. This was indeed delightful. I

returned home to supper in the evening. But few persons were assembled in the room. They had turned up a

corner of the tablecloth, and were playing at dice. The goodnatured A came in. He laid down his hat

when he saw me, approached me, and said in a low tone, "You have met with a disagreeable adventure." "I!"

I exclaimed. "The count obliged you to withdraw from the assembly!" "Deuce take the assembly!" said I. "I

was very glad to be gone." "I am delighted," he added, "that you take it so lightly. I am only sorry that it is

already so much spoken of." The circumstance then began to pain me. I fancied that every one who sat down,

and even looked at me, was thinking of this incident; and my heart became embittered.

And now I could plunge a dagger into my bosom, when I hear myself everywhere pitied, and observe the

triumph of my enemies, who say that this is always the case with vain persons, whose heads are turned with

Say what you will of fortitude, but show me the man who can patiently endure the laughter of fools, when

they have obtained an advantage over him. 'Tis only when their nonsense is without foundation that one can

Everything conspires against me. I met Miss B walking today. I could not help joining her; and, when we

were at a little distance from her companions, I expressed my sense of her altered manner toward me. "O

Werther!" she said, in a tone of emotion, "you, who know my heart, how could you so ill interpret my

distress? What did I not suffer for you, from the moment you entered the room! I foresaw it all, a hundred

times was I on the point of mentioning it to you. I knew that the Ss and Ts, with their husbands, would

quit the room, rather than remain in your company. I knew that the count would not break with them: and

now so much is said about it." "How!" I exclaimed, and endeavoured to conceal my emotion; for all that

Adelin had mentioned to me yesterday recurred to me painfully at that moment. "Oh, how much it has

already cost me!" said this amiable girl, while her eyes filled with tears. I could scarcely contain myself, and

was ready to throw myself at her feet. "Explain yourself!" I cried. Tears flowed down her cheeks. I became

quite frantic. She wiped them away, without attempting to conceal them. "You know my aunt," she

continued; "she was present: and in what light does she consider the affair! Last night, and this morning,

Werther, I was compelled to listen to a lecture upon my, acquaintance with you. I have been obliged to hear

you condemned and depreciated; and I could not I dared not say much in your defence."

Every word she uttered was a dagger to my heart. She did not feel what a mercy it would have been to

conceal everything from me. She told me, in addition, all the impertinence that would be further circulated,

and how the malicious would triumph; how they would rejoice over the punishment of my pride, over my

humiliation for that want of esteem for others with which I had often been reproached. To hear all this,

Wilhelm, uttered by her in a voice of the most sincere sympathy, awakened all my passions; and I am still in

a state of extreme excitement. I wish I could find a man to jeer me about this event. I would sacrifice him to

my resentment. The sight of his blood might possibly be a relief to my fury. A hundred times have I seized a

dagger, to give ease to this oppressed heart. Naturalists tell of a noble race of horses that instinctively open a

vein with their teeth, when heated and exhausted by a long course, in order to breathe more freely. I am often

I have tendered my resignation to the court. I hope it will be accepted, and you will forgive me for not having

previously consulted you. It is necessary I should leave this place. I know all you will urge me to stay, and

therefore I beg you will soften this news to my mother. I am unable to do anything for myself: how, then,

should I be competent to assist others? It will afflict her that I should have interrupted that career which

would have made me first a privy councillor, and then minister, and that I should look behind me, in place of

advancing. Argue as you will, combine all the reasons which should have induced me to remain, I am going:

that is sufficient. But, that you may not be ignorant of my destination, I may mention that the Prince of is

here. He is much pleased with my company; and, having heard of my intention to resign, he has invited me to

his country house, to pass the spring months with him. I shall be left completely my own master; and, as we

Thanks for both your letters. I delayed my reply, and withheld this letter, till I should obtain an answer from

the court. I feared my mother might apply to the minister to defeat my purpose. But my request is granted,

my resignation is accepted. I shall not recount with what reluctance it was accorded, nor relate what the

minister has written: you would only renew your lamentations. The crown prince has sent me a present of

five and twenty ducats; and, indeed, such goodness has affected me to tears. For this reason I shall not require

I leave this place tomorrow; and, as my native place is only six miles from the high road, I intend to visit it

once more, and recall the happy dreams of my childhood. I shall enter at the same gate through which I came

with my mother, when, after my father's death, she left that delightful retreat to immure herself in your

I have paid my visit to my native place with all the devotion of a pilgrim, and have experienced many

unexpected emotions. Near the great elm tree, which is a quarter of a league from the village, I got out of the

carriage, and sent it on before, that alone, and on foot, I might enjoy vividly and heartily all the pleasure of

my recollections. I stood there under that same elm which was formerly the term and object of my walks.

How things have since changed! Then, in happy ignorance, I sighed for a world I did not know, where I

hoped to find every pleasure and enjoyment which my heart could desire; and now, on my return from that

wide world, O my friend, how many disappointed hopes and unsuccessful plans have I brought back!

As I contemplated the mountains which lay stretched out before me, I thought how often they had been the

object of my dearest desires. Here used I to sit for hours together with my eyes bent upon them, ardently

longing to wander in the shade of those woods, to lose myself in those valleys, which form so delightful an

object in the distance. With what reluctance did I leave this charming spot; when my hour of recreation was

over, and my leave of absence expired! I drew near to the village: all the wellknown old summerhouses and

gardens were recognised again; I disliked the new ones, and all other alterations which had taken place. I

entered the village, and all my former feelings returned. I cannot, my dear friend, enter into details, charming

as were my sensations: they would be dull in the narration. I had intended to lodge in the marketplace, near

our old house. As soon as I entered, I perceived that the schoolroom, where our childhood had been taught by

that good old woman, was converted into a shop. I called to mind the sorrow, the heaviness, the tears, and

oppression of heart, which I experienced in that confinement. Every step produced some particular

impression. A pilgrim in the Holy Land does not meet so many spots pregnant with tender recollections, and

his soul is hardly moved with greater devotion. One incident will serve for illustration. I followed the course

of a stream to a farm, formerly a delightful walk of mine, and paused at the spot, where, when boys, we used

to amuse ourselves making ducks and drakes upon the water. I recollected so well how I used formerly to

watch the course of that same stream, following it with inquiring eagerness, forming romantic ideas of the

countries it was to pass through; but my imagination was soon exhausted: while the water continued flowing

farther and farther on, till my fancy became bewildered by the contemplation of an invisible distance. Exactly

such, my dear friend, so happy and so confined, were the thoughts of our good ancestors. Their feelings and

their poetry were fresh as childhood. And, when Ulysses talks of the immeasurable sea and boundless earth,

his epithets are true, natural, deeply felt, and mysterious. Of what importance is it that I have learned, with

every schoolboy, that the world is round? Man needs but little earth for enjoyment, and still less for his final

I am at present with the prince at his hunting lodge. He is a man with whom one can live happily. He is

honest and unaffected. There are, however, some strange characters about him, whom I cannot at all

understand. They do not seem vicious, and yet they do not carry the appearance of thoroughly honest men.

Sometimes I am disposed to believe them honest, and yet I cannot persuade myself to confide in them. It

grieves me to hear the prince occasionally talk of things which he has only read or heard of, and always with

He values my understanding and talents more highly than my heart, but I am proud of the latter only. It is the

sole source of everything of our strength, happiness, and misery. All the knowledge I possess every one else

I have had a plan in my head of which I did not intend to speak to you until it was accomplished: now that it

has failed, I may as well mention it. I wished to enter the army, and had long been desirous of taking the step.

This, indeed, was the chief reason for my coming here with the prince, as he is a general in the service. I

communicated my design to him during one of our walks together. He disapproved of it, and it would have

Say what you will, I can remain here no longer. Why should I remain? Time hangs heavy upon my hands.

The prince is as gracious to me as any one could be, and yet I am not at my ease. There is, indeed, nothing in

common between us. He is a man of understanding, but quite of the ordinary kind. His conversation affords

me no more amusement than I should derive from the perusal of a wellwritten book. I shall remain here a

week Ionger, and then start again on my travels. My drawings are the best things I have done since I came

here. The prince has a taste for the arts, and would improve if his mind were not fettered by cold rules and

mere technical ideas. I often lose patience, when, with a glowing imagination, I am giving expression to art

and nature, he interferes with learned suggestions, and uses at random the technical phraseology of artists.

Whither am I going? I will tell you in confidence. I am obliged to continue a fortnight longer here, and then I

think it would be better for me to visit the mines in . But I am only deluding myself thus. The fact is, I

wish to be near Charlotte again, that is all. I smile at the suggestions of my heart, and obey its dictates.

No, no! it is yet well all is well! I her husband! O God, who gave me being, if thou hadst destined this

happiness for me, my whole life would have been one continual thanksgiving! But I will not murmur

forgive these tears, forgive these fruitless wishes. She my wife! Oh, the very thought of folding that

dearest of Heaven's creatures in my arms! Dear Wilhelm, my whole frame feels convulsed when I see Albert

And shall I avow it? Why should I not, Wilhelm? She would have been happier with me than with him.

Albert is not the man to satisfy the wishes of such a heart. He wants a certain sensibility; he wants in

short, their hearts do not beat in unison. How often, my dear friend, im reading a passage from some

interesting book, when my heart and Charlotte's seemed to meet, and in a hundred other instances when our

sentiments were unfolded by the story of some fictitious character, have I felt that we were made for each

other! But, dear Wilhelm, he loves her with his whole soul; and what does not such a love deserve?

I have been interrupted by an insufferable visit. I have dried my tears, and composed my thoughts. Adieu, my

I am not alone unfortunate. All men are disappointed in their hopes, and deceived in their expectations. I have

paid a visit to my good old woman under the limetrees. The eldest boy ran out to meet me: his exclamation

of joy brought out his mother, but she had a very melancholy look. Her first word was, "Alas! dear sir, my

little John is dead." He was the youngest of her children. I was silent. "And my husband has returned from

Switzerland without any money; and, if some kind people had not assisted him, he must have begged his way

home. He was taken ill with fever on his journey." I could answer nothing, but made the little one a present.

She invited me to take some fruit: I complied, and left the place with a sorrowful heart.

My sensations are constantly changing. Sometimes a happy prospect opens before me; but alas! it is only for

a moment; and then, when I am lost in reverie, I cannot help saying to myself, "If Albert were to die? Yes,

she would become and I should be" and so I pursue a chimera, till it leads me to the edge of a precipice

When I pass through the same gate, and walk along the same road which first conducted me to Charlotte, my

heart sinks within me at the change that has since taken place. All, all, is altered! No sentiment, no pulsation

of my heart, is the same. My sensations are such as would occur to some departed prince whose spirit should

return to visit the superb palace which he had built in happy times, adorned with costly magnificence, and left

to a beloved son, but whose glory he should find departed, and its halls deserted and in ruins.

I sometimes cannot understand how she can love another, how she dares love another, when I love nothing in

this world so completely, so devotedly, as I love her, when I know only her, and have no other possession.

It is even so! As nature puts on her autumn tints it becomes autumn with me and around me. My leaves are

sere and yellow, and the neighbouring trees are divested of their foliage. Do you remember my writing to you

about a peasant boy shortly after my arrival here? I have just made inquiries about him in Walheim. They say

he has been dismissed from his service, and is now avoided by every one. I met him yesterday on the road,

going to a neighbouring village. I spoke to him, and he told me his story. It interested me exceedingly, as you

will easily understand when I repeat it to you. But why should I trouble you? Why should I not reserve all my

sorrow for myself? Why should I continue to give you occasion to pity and blame me? But no matter: this

At first the peasant lad answered my inquiries with a sort of subdued melancholy, which seemed to me the

mark of a timid disposition; but, as we grew to understand each other, he spoke with less reserve, and openly

confessed his faults, and lamented his misfortune. I wish, my dear friend, I could give proper expression to

his language. He told me with a sort of pleasurable recollection, that, after my departure, his passion for his

mistress increased daily, until at last he neither knew what he did nor what he said, nor what was to become

of him. He could neither eat nor drink nor sleep: he felt a sense of suffocation; he disobeyed all orders, and

forgot all commands involuntarily; he seemed as if pursued by an evil spirit, till one day, knowing that his

mistress had gone to an upper chamber, he had followed, or, rather, been drawn after her. As she proved deaf

to his entreaties, he had recourse to violence. He knows not what happened; but he called God to witness that

his intentions to her were honourable, and that he desired nothing more sincerely than that they should marry,

and pass their lives together. When he had come to this point, he began to hesitate, as if there was something

which he had not courage to utter, till at length he acknowledged with some confusion certain little

confidences she had encouraged, and liberties she had allowed. He broke off two or three times in his

narration, and assured me most earnestly that he had no wish to make her bad, as he termed it, for he loved

her still as sincerely as ever; that the tale had never before escaped his lips, and was only now told to

convince me that he was not utterly lost and abandoned. And here, my dear friend, I must commence the old

song which you know I utter eternally. If I could only represent the man as he stood, and stands now before

me, could I only give his true expressions, you would feel compelled to sympathise in his fate. But enough:

you, who know my misfortune and my disposition, can easily comprehend the attraction which draws me

toward every unfortunate being, but particularly toward him whose story I have recounted.

On perusing this letter a second time, I find I have omitted the conclusion of my tale; but it is easily supplied.

She became reserved toward him, at the instigation of her brother who had long hated him, and desired his

expulsion from the house, fearing that his sister's second marriage might deprive his children of the

handsome fortune they expected from her; as she is childless. He was dismissed at length; and the whole

affair occasioned so much scandal, that the mistress dared not take him back, even if she had wished it. She

has since hired another servant, with whom, they say, her brother is equally displeased, and whom she is

likely to marry; but my informant assures me that he himself is determined not to survive such a catastrophe.

This story is neither exaggerated nor embellished: indeed, I have weakened and impaired it in the narration,

This love, then, this constancy, this passion, is no poetical fiction. It is actual, and dwells in its greatest purity

amongst that class of mankind whom we term rude, uneducated. We are the educated, not the perverted. But

read this story with attention, I implore you. I am tranquil today, for I have been employed upon this

narration: you see by my writing that I am not so agitated as usual. I read and reread this tale, Wilhelm: it is

the history of your friend! My fortune has been and will be similar; and I am neither half so brave nor half so

Charlotte had written a letter to her husband in the country, where he was detained by business. It

commenced, "My dearest love, return as soon as possible: I await you with a thousand raptures." A friend

who arrived, brought word, that, for certain reasons, he could not return immediately. Charlotte's letter was

not forwarded, and the same evening it fell into my hands. I read it, and smiled. She asked the reason. "What

a heavenly treasure is imagination:" I exclaimed; "I fancied for a moment that this was written to me." She

It cost me much to part with the blue coat which I wore the first time I danced with Charlotte. But I could not

possibly wear it any longer. But I have ordered a new one, precisely similar, even to the collar and sleeves, as

But it does not produce the same effect upon me. I know not how it is, but I hope in time I shall like it better.

She has been absent for some days. She went to meet Albert. Today I visited her: she rose to receive me,

A canary at the moment flew from a mirror, and settled upon her shoulder. "Here is a new friend," she

observed, while she made him perch upon her hand: "he is a present for the children. What a dear he is! Look

at him! When I feed him, he flutters with his wings, and pecks so nicely. He kisses me, too, only look!"

She held the bird to her mouth; and he pressed her sweet lips with so much fervour that he seemed to feel the

"He shall kiss you too," she added; and then she held the bird toward me. His little beak moved from her

mouth to mine, and the delightful sensation seemed like the forerunner of the sweetest bliss.

"A kiss," I observed, "does not seem to satisfy him: he wishes for food, and seems disappointed by these

"But he eats out of my mouth," she continued, and extended her lips to him containing seed; and she smiled

with all the charm of a being who has allowed an innocent participation of her love.

I turned my face away. She should not act thus. She ought not to excite my imagination with such displays of

heavenly innocence and happiness, nor awaken my heart from its slumbers, in which it dreams of the

It makes me wretched, Wilhelm, to think that there should be men incapable of appreciating the few things

which possess a real value in life. You remember the walnut trees at S, under which I used to sit with

Charlotte, during my visits to the worthy old vicar. Those glorious trees, the very sight of which has so often

filled my heart with joy, how they adorned and refreshed the parsonage yard, with their wideextended

branches! and how pleasing was our remembrance of the good old pastor, by whose hands they were planted

so many years ago: The schoolmaster has frequently mentioned his name. He had it from his grandfather. He

must have been a most excellent man; and, under the shade of those old trees, his memory was ever venerated

by me. The schoolmaster informed us yesterday, with tears in his eyes, that those trees had been felled. Yes,

cut to the ground! I could, in my wrath, have slain the monster who struck the first stroke. And I must endure

this! I, who, if I had had two such trees in my own court, and one had died from old age, should have wept

with real affliction. But there is some comfort left, such a thing is sentiment, the whole village murmurs at the

misfortune; and I hope the vicar's wife will soon find, by the cessation of the villagers' presents, how much

she has wounded the feelings of the neighborhhood. It was she who did it, the wife of the present incumbent

(our good old man is dead), a tall, sickly creature who is so far right to disregard the world, as the world

totally disregards her. The silly being affects to be learned, pretends to examine the canonical books, lends

her aid toward the newfashioned reformation of Christendom, moral and critical, and shrugs up her

shoulders at the mention of Lavater's enthusiasm. Her health is destroyed, on account of which she is

prevented from having any enjoyment here below. Only such a creature could have cut down my walnut

trees! I can never pardon it. Hear her reasons. The falling leaves made the court wet and dirty; the branches

obstructed the light; boys threw stones at the nuts when they were ripe, and the noise affected her nerves; and

disturbed her profound meditations, when she was weighing the diffculties of Kennicot, Semler, and

Michaelis. Finding that all the parish, particularly the old people, were displeased, I asked "why they allowed

it?" "Ah, sir!" they replied, "when the steward orders, what can we poor peasants do?" But one thing has

happened well. The steward and the vicar (who, for once, thought to reap some advantage from the caprices

of his wife) intended to divide the trees between them. The revenueoffice, being informed of it, revived an

old claim to the ground where the trees had stood, and sold them to the best bidder. There they still lie on the

ground. If I were the sovereign, I should know how to deal with them all, vicar, steward, and revenueoffice.

Sovereign, did I say? I should, in that case, care little about the trees that grew in the country.

Only to gaze upon her dark eyes is to me a source of happiness! And what grieves me, is, that Albert does not

seem so happy as he hoped to be as I should have been if I am no friend to these pauses, but

Ossian has superseded Homer in my heart. To what a world does the illustrious bard carry me! To wander

over pathless wilds, surrounded by impetuous whirlwinds, where, by the feeble light of the moon, we see the

spirits of our ancestors; to hear from the mountaintops, mid the roar of torrents, their plaintive sounds

issuing from deep caverns, and the sorrowful lamentations of a maiden who sighs and expires on the mossy

tomb of the warrior by whom she was adored. I meet this bard with silver hair; he wanders in the valley; he

seeks the footsteps of his fathers, and, alas! he finds only their tombs. Then, contemplating the pale moon, as

she sinks beneath the waves of the rolling sea, the memory of bygone days strikes the mind of the hero, days

when approaching danger invigorated the brave, and the moon shone upon his bark laden with spoils, and

returning in triumph. When I read in his countenance deep sorrow, when I see his dying glory sink exhausted

into the grave, as he inhales new and heartthrilling delight from his approaching union with his beloved, and

he casts a look on the cold earth and the tall grass which is so soon to cover him, and then exclaims, "The

traveller will come, he will come who has seen my beauty, and he will ask, 'Where is the bard, where is

the illustrious son of Fingal?' He will walk over my tomb, and will seek me in vain!" Then, O my friend, I

could instantly, like a true and noble knight, draw my sword, and deliver my prince from the long and painful

languor of a living death, and dismiss my own soul to follow the demigod whom my hand had set free!

Alas! the void the fearful void, which I feel in my bosom! Sometimes I think, if I could only once but once,

Yes, I feel certain, Wilhelm, and every day I become more certain, that the existence of any being whatever is

of very little consequence. A friend of Charlotte's called to see her just now. I withdrew into a neighbouring

apartment, and took up a book; but, finding I could not read, I sat down to write. I heard them converse in an

undertone: they spoke upon indifferent topics, and retailed the news of the town. One was going to be

married; another was ill, very ill, she had a dry cough, her face was growing thinner daily, and she had

occasional fits. "N is very unwell too," said Charlotte. "His limbs begin to swell already," answered the

other; and my lively imagination carried me at once to the beds of the infirm. There I see them struggling

against death, with all the agonies of pain and horror; and these women, Wilhelm, talk of all this with as

much indifference as one would mention the death of a stranger. And when I look around the apartment

where I now am when I see Charlotte's apparel lying before me, and Albert's writings, and all those

articles of furniture which are so familiar to me, even to the very inkstand which I am using, when I think

what I am to this family everything. My friends esteem me; I often contribute to their happiness, and my

heart seems as if it could not beat without them; and yet if I were to die, if I were to be summoned from

the midst of this circle, would they feel or how long would they feel the void which my loss would make

in their existence? How long! Yes, such is the frailty of man, that even there, where he has the greatest

consciousness of his own being, where he makes the strongest and most forcible impression, even in the

memory, in the heart, of his beloved, there also he must perish, vanish, and that quickly.

I could tear open my bosom with vexation to think how little we are capable of influencing the feelings of

each other. No one can communicate to me those sensations of love, joy, rapture, and delight which I do not

naturally possess; and, though my heart may glow with the most lively affection, I cannot make the happiness

I possess so much, but my love for her absorbs it all. I possess so much, but without her I have nothing.

One hundred times have I been on the point of embracing her. Heavens! what a torment it is to see so much

loveliness passing and repassing before us, and yet not dare to lay hold of it! And laying hold is the most

Witness, Heaven, how often I lie down in my bed with a wish, and even a hope, that I may never awaken

again. And in the morning, when I open my eyes, I behold the sun once more, and am wretched. If I were

whimsical, I might blame the weather, or an acquaintance, or some personal disappointment, for my

discontented mind; and then this insupportable load of trouble would not rest entirely upon myself. But, alas!

I feel it too sadly. I am alone the cause of my own woe, am I not? Truly, my own bosom contains the source

of all my sorrow, as it previously contained the source of all my pleasure. Am I not the same being who once

enjoyed an excess of happiness, who, at every step, saw paradise open before him, and whose heart was ever

expanded toward the whole world? And this heart is now dead, no sentiment can revive it; my eyes are dry;

and my senses, no more refreshed by the influence of soft tears, wither and consume my brain. I suffer much,

for I have lost the only charm of life: that active, sacred power which created worlds around me, it is no

more. When I look from my window at the distant hills, and behold the morning sun breaking through the

mists, and illuminating the country around, which is still wrapped in silence, whilst the soft stream winds

gently through the willows, which have shed their leaves; when glorious nature displays all her beauties

before me, and her wondrous prospects are ineffectual to extract one tear of joy from my withered heart, I

feel that in such a moment I stand like a reprobate before heaven, hardened, insensible, and unmoved.

Oftentimes do I then bend my knee to the earth, and implore God for the blessing of tears, as the desponding

labourer in some scorching climate prays for the dews of heaven to moisten his parched corn. But I feel that

God does not grant sunshine or rain to our importunate entreaties. And oh, those bygone days, whose

memory now torments me! why were they so fortunate? Because I then waited with patience for the blessings

of the Eternal, and received his gifts with the grateful feelings of a thankful heart.

Charlotte has reproved me for my excesses, with so much tenderness and goodness! I have lately been in the

habit of drinking more wine than heretofore. "Don't do it," she said. "Think of Charlotte!" "Think of you!" I

answered; "need you bid me do so? Think of you I do not think of you: you are ever before my soul! This

very morning I sat on the spot where, a few days ago, you descended from the carriage, and" She

immediately changed the subject to prevent me from pursuing it farther. My dear friend, my energies are all

I thank you, Wilhelm, for your cordial sympathy, for your excellent advice; and I implore you to be quiet.

Leave me to my sufferings. In spite of my wretchedness, I have still strength enough for endurance. I revere

religion you know I do. I feel that it can impart strength to the feeble and comfort to the afflicted, but does

it affect all men equally? Consider this vast universe: you will see thousands for whom it has never existed,

thousands for whom it will never exist, whether it be preached to them, or not; and must it, then, necessarily

exist for me? Does not the Son of God himself say that they are his whom the Father has given to him? Have

I been given to him? What if the Father will retain me for himself, as my heart sometimes suggests? I pray

you, do not misinterpret this. Do not extract derision from my harmless words. I pour out my whole soul

before you. Silence were otherwise preferable to me, but I need not shrink from a subject of which few know

more than I do myself. What is the destiny of man, but to fill up the measure of his sufferings, and to drink

his allotted cup of bitterness? And if that same cup proved bitter to the God of heaven, under a human form,

why should I affect a foolish pride, and call it sweet? Why should I be ashamed of shrinking at that fearful

moment, when my whole being will tremble between existence and annihilation, when a remembrance of the

past, like a flash of lightning, will illuminate the dark gulf of futurity, when everything shall dissolve around

me, and the whole world vanish away? Is not this the voice of a creature oppressed beyond all resource,

selfdeficient, about to plunge into inevitable destruction, and groaning deeply at its inadequate strength,

"My God! my God! why hast thou forsaken me?" And should I feel ashamed to utter the same expression?

Should I not shudder at a prospect which had its fears, even for him who folds up the heavens like a garment?

She does not feel, she does not know, that she is preparing a poison which will destroy us both; and I drink

deeply of the draught which is to prove my destruction. What mean those looks of kindness with which she

often often? no, not often, but sometimes, regards me, that complacency with which she hears the

involuntary sentiments which frequently escape me, and the tender pity for my sufferings which appears in

Yesterday, when I took leave she seized me by the hand, and said, "Adieu, dear Werther." Dear Werther! It

was the first time she ever called me dear: the sound sunk deep into my heart. I have repeated it a hundred

times; and last night, on going to bed, and talking to myself of various things, I suddenly said, "Good night,

I cannot pray, "Leave her to me !" and yet she often seems to belong to me. I cannot pray, "Give her to me!"

for she is another's. In this way I affect mirth over my troubles; and, if I had time, I could compose a whole

She is sensible of my sufferings. This morning her look pierced my very soul. I found her alone, and she was

silent: she steadfastly surveyed me. I no longer saw in her face the charms of beauty or the fire of genius:

these had disappeared. But I was affected by an expression much more touching, a look of the deepest

sympathy and of the softest pity. Why was I afraid to throw myself at her feet? Why did I not dare to take her

in my arms, and answer her by a thousand kisses? She had recourse to her piano for relief, and in a low and

sweet voice accompanied the music with delicious sounds. Her lips never appeared so lovely: they seemed

but just to open, that they might imbibe the sweet tones which issued from the instrument, and return the

heavenly vibration from her lovely mouth. Oh! who can express my sensations? I was quite overcome, and,

bending down, pronounced this vow: "Beautiful lips, which the angels guard, never will I seek to profane

your purity with a kiss." And yet, my friend, oh, I wish but my heart is darkened by doubt and indecision

Oftentimes I say to myself, "Thou alone art wretched: all other mortals are happy, none are distressed like

thee!" Then I read a passage in an ancient poet, and I seem to understand my own heart. I have so much to

I shall never be myself again! Wherever I go, some fatality occurs to distract me. Even today alas for our

About dinnertime I went to walk by the riverside, for I had no appetite. Everything around seemed

gloomy: a cold and damp easterly wind blew from the mountains, and black, heavy clouds spread over the

plain. I observed at a distance a man in a tattered coat: he was wandering among the rocks, and seemed to be

looking for plants. When I approached, he turned round at the noise; and I saw that he had an interesting

countenance in which a settled melancholy, strongly marked by benevolence, formed the principal feature.

His long black hair was divided, and flowed over his shoulders. As his garb betokened a person of the lower

order, I thought he would not take it ill if I inquired about his business; and I therefore asked what he was

seeking. He replied, with a deep sigh, that he was looking for flowers, and could find none. "But it is not the

season," I observed, with a smile. "Oh, there are so many flowers!" he answered, as he came nearer to me. "In

my garden there are roses and honeysuckles of two sorts: one sort was given to me by my father! they grow

as plentifully as weeds; I have been looking for them these two days, and cannot find them. There are flowers

out there, yellow, blue, and red; and that centaury has a very pretty blossom: but I can find none of them." I

observed his peculiarity, and therefore asked him, with an air of indifference, what he intended to do with his

flowers. A strange smile overspread his countenance. Holding his finger to his mouth, he expressed a hope

that I would not betray him; and he then informed me that he had promised to gather a nosegay for his

mistress. "That is right," said I. "Oh!" he replied, "she possesses many other things as well: she is very rich."

"And yet," I continued, "she likes your nosegays." "Oh, she has jewels and crowns!" he exclaimed. I asked

who she was. "If the statesgeneral would but pay me," he added, "I should be quite another man. Alas! there

was a time when I was so happy; but that is past, and I am now" He raised his swimming eyes to heaven.

"And you were happy once?" I observed. "Ah, would I were so still!" was his reply. "I was then as gay and

contented as a man can be." An old woman, who was coming toward us, now called out, "Henry, Henry!

where are you? We have been looking for you everywhere: come to dinner." "Is he your son?" I inquired, as I

went toward her. "Yes," she said: "he is my poor, unfortunate son. The Lord has sent me a heavy affliction." I

asked whether he had been long in this state. She answered, "He has been as calm as he is at present for about

six months. I thank Heaven that he has so far recovered: he was for one whole year quite raving, and chained

down in a madhouse. Now he injures no one, but talks of nothing else than kings and queens. He used to be a

very good, quiet youth, and helped to maintain me; he wrote a very fine hand; but all at once he became

melancholy, was seized with a violent fever, grew distracted, and is now as you see. If I were only to tell you,

sir" I interrupted her by asking what period it was in which he boasted of having been so happy. "Poor

boy!" she exclaimed, with a smile of cormpassion, "he means the time when he was completely deranged, a

time he never ceases to regret, when he was in the madhouse, and unconscious of everything." I was

"You were happy!" I exclaimed, as I returned quickly to the town, "'as gay and contented as a man can be!'"

God of heaven! and is this the destiny of man? Is he only happy before he has acquired his reason, or after he

has lost it? Unfortunate being! And yet I envy your fate: I envy the delusion to which you are a victim. You

go forth with joy to gather flowers for your princess, in winter, and grieve when you can find none,

and cannot understand why they do not grow. But I wander forth without joy, without hope, without design;

and I return as I came. You fancy what a man you would be if the states general paid you. Happy mortal, who

can ascribe your wretchedness to an earthly cause! You do not know, you do not feel, that in your own

distracted heart and disordered brain dwells the source of that unhappiness which all the potentates on earth

Let that man die unconsoled who can deride the invalid for undertaking a journey to distant, healthful springs,

where he often finds only a heavier disease and a more painful death, or who can exult over the despairing

mind of a sinner, who, to obtain peace of conscience and an alleviation of misery, makes a pilgrimage to the

Holy Sepulchre. Each laborious step which galls his wounded feet in rough and untrodden paths pours a drop

of balm into his troubled soul, and the journey of many a weary day brings a nightly relief to his anguished

heart. Will you dare call this enthusiasm, ye crowd of pompous declaimers? Enthusiasm! 0 God! thou seest

my tears. Thou hast allotted us our portion of misery: must we also have brethren to persecute us, to deprive

us of our consolation, of our trust in thee, and in thy love and mercy? For our trust in the virtue of the healing

root, or in the strength of the vine, what is it else than a belief in thee from whom all that surrounds us derives

its healing and restoring powers? Father, whom I know not, who wert once wont to fill my soul, but who

now hidest thy face from me, call me back to thee; be silent no longer; thy silence shall not delay a soul

which thirsts after thee. What man, what father, could be angry with a son for returning to him suddenly, for

falling on his neck, and exclaiming, "I am here again, my father! forgive me if I have anticipated my journey,

and returned before the appointed time! The world is everywhere the same, a scene of labour and pain, of

pleasure and reward; but what does it all avail? I am happy only where thou art, and in thy presence am I

content to suffer or enjoy." And wouldst thou, heavenly Father, banish such a child from thy presence?

Wilhelm, the man about whom I wrote to you that man so enviable in his misfortunes was secretary to

Charlotte's father; and an unhappy passion for her which he cherished, concealed, and at length discovered,

caused him to be dismissed from his situation. This made him mad. Think, whilst you peruse this plain

narration, what an impression the circumstance has made upon me! But it was related to me by Albert with as

I implore your attention. It is all over with me. I can support this state no longer. Today I was sitting by

Charlotte. She was playing upon her piano a succession of delightful melodies, with such intense expression!

Her little sister was dressing her doll upon my lap. The tears came into my eyes. I leaned down, and looked

intently at her weddingring: my tears fell immediately she began to play that favourite, that divine, air

which has so often enchanted me. I felt comfort from a recollection of the past, of those bygone days when

that air was familiar to me; and then I recalled all the sorrows and the disappointments which I had since

endured. I paced with hasty strides through the room, my heart became convulsed with painful emotions. At

length I went up to her, and exclaimed With eagerness, "For Heaven's sake, play that air no longer!" She

stopped, and looked steadfastly at me. She then said, with a smile which sunk deep into my heart, "Werther,

you are ill: your dearest food is distasteful to you. But go, I entreat you, and endeavour to compose yourself."

How her image haunts me! Waking or asleep, she fills my entire soul! Soon as I close my eyes, here, in my

brain, where all the nerves of vision are concentrated, her dark eyes are imprinted. Here I do not know

how to describe it; but, if I shut my eyes, hers are immediately before me: dark as an abyss they open upon

And what is man that boasted demigod? Do not his powers fail when he most requires their use? And

whether he soar in joy, or sink in sorrow, is not his career in both inevitably arrested? And, whilst he fondly

dreams that he is grasping at infinity, does he not feel compelled to return to a consciousness of his cold,

It is a matter of extreme regret that we want original evidence of the last remarkable days of our friend; and

we are, therefore, obliged to interrupt the progress of his correspondence, and to supply the deficiency by a

I have felt it my duty to collect accurate information from the mouths of persons well acquainted with his

history. The story is simple; and all the accounts agree, except in some unimportant particulars. It is true, that,

with respect to the characters of the persons spoken of, opinions and judgments vary.

We have only, then, to relate conscientiously the facts which our diligent labour has enabled us to collect, to

give the letters of the deceased, and to pay particular attention to the slightest fragment from his pen, more

especially as it is so difficult to discover the real and correct motives of men who are not of the common

Sorrow and discontent had taken deep root in Werther's soul, and gradually imparted their character to his

whole being. The harmony of his mind became completely disturbed; a perpetual excitement and mental

irritation, which weakened his natural powers, produced the saddest etfects upon him, and rendered him at

length the victim of an exhaustion against which he struggled with still more painful efforts than he had

displayed, even in contending with his other misfortunes. His mental anxiety weakened his various good

qualities; and he was soon converted into a gloomy companion, always unhappy and unjust in his ideas, the

more wretched he became. This was, at least, the opinion of Albert's friends. They assert, moreover, that the

character of Albert himself had undergone no change in the meantime: he was still the same being whom

Werther had loved, honoured, and respected from the commencement. His love for Charlotte was unbounded:

he was proud of her, and desired that she should be recognised by every one as the noblest of created beings.

Was he, however, to blame for wishing to avert from her every appearance of suspicion? or for his

unwillingness to share his rich prize with another, even for a moment, and in the most innocent manner? It is

asserted that Albert frequently retired from his wife's apartment during Werther's visits; but this did not arise

from hatred or aversion to his friend, but only from a feeling that his presence was oppressive to Werther.

Charlotte's father, who was confined to the house by indisposition, was accustomed to send his carriage for

her, that she might make excursions in the neighbourhood. One day the weather had been unusually severe,

Werther went for Charlotte the following morning, in order that, if Albert were absent, he might conduct her

The beautiful weather produced but little impression on his troubled spirit. A heavy weight lay upon his soul,

deep melancholy had taken possession of him, and his mind knew no change save from one painful thought

As he now never enjoyed internal peace, the condition of his fellow creatures was to him a perpetual source

of trouble and distress. He believed he had disturbed the happiness of Albert and his wife; and, whilst he

censured himself strongly for this, he began to entertain a secret dislike to Albert.

His thoughts were occasionally directed to this point. "Yes," he would repeat to himself, with illconcealed

dissatisfaction, "yes, this is, after all, the extent of that confiding, dear, tender, and sympathetic love, that

calm and eternal fidelity! What do I behold but satiety and indifference? Does not every frivolous

engagement attract him more than his charming and lovely wife? Does he know how to prize his happiness?

Can he value her as she deserves? He possesses her, it is true, I know that, as I know much more, and I have

become accustomed to the thought that he will drive me mad, or, perhaps, murder me. Is his friendship

toward me unimpaired? Does he not view my attachment to Charlotte as an infringement upon his rights, and

consider my attention to her as a silent rebuke to himself? I know, and indeed feel, that he dislikes me, that he

He would often pause when on his way to visit Charlotte, stand still, as though in doubt, and seem desirous of

returning, but would nevertheless proceed; and, engaged in such thoughts and soliloquies as we have

described, he finally reached the huntinglodge, with a sort of involuntary consent.

Upon one occasion he entered the house; and, inquiring for Charlotte, he observed that the inmates were in a

state of unusual confusion. The eldest boy informed him that a dreadful misfortune had occurred at Walheim,

that a peasant had been murdered! But this made little impression upon him. Entering the apartment, he

found Charlotte engaged reasoning with her father, who, in spite of his infirmity, insisted on going to the

scene of the crime, in order to institute an inquiry. The criminal was unknown; the victim had been found

dead at his own door that morning. Suspicions were excited: the murdered man had been in the service of a

widow, and the person who had previously filled the situation had been dismissed from her employment.

As soon as Werther heard this, he exclaimed with great excitement, "Is it possible! I must go to the spot I

cannot delay a moment!" He hastened to Walheim. Every incident returned vividly to his remembrance; and

he entertained not the slightest doubt that that man was the murderer to whom he had so often spoken, and for

whom he entertained so much regard. His way took him past the wellknown lime trees, to the house where

the body had been carried; and his feelings were greatly excited at the sight of the fondly recollected spot.

That threshold where the neighbours' children had so often played together was stained with blood; love and

attachment, the noblest feelings of human nature, had been converted into violence and murder. The huge

trees stood there leafless and covered with hoarfrost; the beautiful hedgerows which surrounded the old

churchyard wall were withered; and the gravestones, half covered with snow, were visible through the

As he approached the inn, in front of which the whole village was assembled, screams were suddenly heard.

A troop of armed peasants was seen approaching, and every one exclaimed that the criminal had been

apprehended. Werther looked, and was not long in doubt. The prisoner was no other than the servant, who

had been formerly so attached to the widow, and whom he had met prowling about, with that suppressed

"What have you done, unfortunate man?" inquired Werther, as he advanced toward the prisoner. The latter

turned his eyes upon him in silence, and then replied with perfect composure; "No one will now marry her,

and she will marry no one." The prisoner was taken into the inn, and Werther left the place. The mind of

Werther was fearfully excited by this shocking occurrence. He ceased, however, to be oppressed by his usual

feeling of melancholy, moroseness, and indifference to everything that passed around him. He entertained a

strong degree of pity for the prisoner, and was seized with an indescribable anxiety to save him from his

impending fate. He considered him so unfortunate, he deemed his crime so excusable, and thought his own

condition so nearly similar, that he felt convinced he could make every one else view the matter in the light in

which he saw it himself. He now became anxious to undertake his defence, and commenced composing an

eloquent speech for the occasion; and, on his way to the huntinglodge, he could not refrain from speaking

Upon his arrival, he found Albert had been before him: and he was a little perplexed by this meeting; but he

soon recovered himself, and expressed his opinion with much warmth to the judge. The latter shook, his head

doubtingly; and although Werther urged his case with the utmost zeal, feeling, and determination in defence

of his client, yet, as we may easily suppose, the judge was not much influenced by his appeal. On the

contrary, he interrupted him in his address, reasoned with him seriously, and even administered a rebuke to

him for becoming the advocate of a murderer. He demonstrated, that, according to this precedent, every law

might be violated, and the public security utterly destroyed. He added, moreover, that in such a case he could

himself do nothing, without incurring the greatest responsibility; that everything must follow in the usual

Werther, however, did not abandon his enterprise, and even besought the judge to connive at the flight of the

prisoner. But this proposal was peremptorily rejected. Albert, who had taken some part in the discussion,

coincided in opinion with the judge. At this Werther became enraged, and took his leave in great anger, after

The excess of his grief at this assurance may be inferred from a note we have found amongst his papers, and

Werther was highly incensed at the observations which Albert had made to the judge in this matter of the

prisoner. He thought he could detect therein a little bitterness toward himself personally; and although, upon

reflection, it could not escape his sound judgment that their view of the matter was correct, he felt the greatest

A memorandum of Werther's upon this point, expressive of his general feelings toward Albert, has been

"What is the use of my continually repeating that he is a good and estimable man? He is an inward torment to

One fine evening in winter, when the weather seemed inclined to thaw, Charlotte and Albert were returning

home together. The former looked from time to time about her, as if she missed Werther's company. Albert

began to speak of him, and censured him for his prejudices. He alluded to his unfortunate attachment, and

wished it were possible to discontinue his acquaintance. "I desire it on our own account," he added; "and I

request you will compel him to alter his deportment toward you, and to visit you less frequently. The world is

censorious, and I know that here and there we are spoken of." Charlotte made no reply, and Albert seemed to

feel her silence. At least, from that time he never again spoke of Werther; and, when she introduced the

subject, he allowed the conversation to die away, or else he directed the discourse into another channel.

The vain attempt Werther had made to save the unhappy murderer was the last feeble glimmering of a flame

about to be extinguished. He sank almost immediately afterward into a state of gloom and inactivity, until he

was at length brought to perfect distraction by learning that he was to be summoned as a witness against the

His mind now became oppressed by the recollection of every misfortune of his past life. The mortification he

had suffered at the ambassador's, and his subsequent troubles, were revived in his memory. He became

utterly inactive. Destitute of energy, he was cut off from every pursuit and occupation which compose the

business of common life; and he became a victim to his own susceptibility, and to his restless passion for the

most amiable and beloved of women, whose peace he destroyed. In this unvarying monotony of existence his

days were consumed; and his powers became exhausted without aim or design, until they brought him to a

A few letters which he left behind, and which we here subjoin, afford the best proofs of his anxiety of mind

and of the depth of his passion, as well as of his doubts and struggles, and of his weariness of life.

Dear Wilhelm, I am reduced to the condition of those unfortunate wretches who believe they are pursued by

an evil spirit. Sometimes I am oppressed, not by apprehension or fear, but by an inexpressible internal

sensation, which weighs upon my heart, and impedes my breath! Then I wander forth at night, even in this

tempestuous season, and feel pleasure in surveying the dreadful scenes around me.

Yesterday evening I went forth. A rapid thaw had suddenly set in: I had been informed that the river had

risen, that the brooks had all overflowed their banks, and that the whole vale of Walheim was under water!

Upon the stroke of twelve I hastened forth. I beheld a fearful sight. The foaming torrents rolled from the

mountains in the moonlight, fields and meadows, trees and hedges, were confounded together; and the

entire valley was converted into a deep lake, which was agitated by the roaring wind! And when the moon

shone forth, and tinged the black clouds with silver, and the impetuous torrent at my feet foamed and

resounded with awful and grand impetuosity, I was overcome by a mingled sensation of apprehension and

delight. With extended arms I looked down into the yawning abyss, and cried, "Plunge!'" For a moment my

senses forsook me, in the intense delight of ending my sorrows and my sufferings by a plunge into that gulf!

And then I felt as if I were rooted to the earth, and incapable of seeking an end to my woes! But my hour is

not yet come: I feel it is not. O Wilhelm, how willingly could I abandon my existence to ride the whirlwind,

or to embrace the torrent! and then might not rapture perchance be the portion of this liberated soul?

I turned my sorrowful eyes toward a favourite spot, where I was accustomed to sit with Charlotte beneath a

willow after a fatiguing walk. Alas! it was covered with water, and with difficulty I found even the meadow.

And the fields around the huntinglodge, thought I. Has our dear bower been destroyed by this unpitying

storm? And a beam of past happiness streamed upon me, as the mind of a captive is illumined by dreams of

flocks and herds and bygone joys of home! But I am free from blame. I have courage to die! Perhaps I have,

but I still sit here, like a wretched pauper, who collects fagots, and begs her bread from door to door, that

she may prolong for a few days a miserable existence which she is unwilling to resign.

What is the matter with me, dear Wilhelm? I am afraid of myself! Is not my love for her of the purest, most

holy, and most brotherly nature? Has my soul ever been sullied by a single sensual desire? but I will make no

protestations. And now, ye nightly visions, how truly have those mortals understood you, who ascribe your

various contradictory effects to some invincible power! This night I tremble at the avowal I held her in my

arms, locked in a close embrace: I pressed her to my bosom, and covered with countless kisses those dear lips

which murmured in reply soft protestations of love. My sight became confused by the delicious intoxication

of her eyes. Heavens! is it sinful to revel again in such happiness, to recall once more those rapturous

moments with intense delight? Charlotte! Charlotte! I am lost! My senses are bewildered, my recollection is

confused, mine eyes are bathed in tears I am ill; and yet I am well I wish for nothing I have no

Under the circumstances narrated above, a determination to quit this world had now taken fixed possession of

Werther's soul. Since Charlotte's return, this thought had been the final object of all his hopes and wishes; but

he had resolved that such a step should not be taken with precipitation, but with calmness and tranquillity,

His troubles and internal struggles may be understood from the following fragment, which was found,

without any date, amongst his papers, and appears to have formed the beginning of a letter to Wilhelm.

"Her presence, her fate, her sympathy for me, have power still to extract tears from my withered brain.

"One lifts up the curtain, and passes to the other side, that is all! And why all these doubts and delays?

Because we know not what is behind because there is no returning and because our mind infers that all

His appearance at length became quite altered by the effect of his melancholy thoughts; and his resolution

was now finally and irrevocably taken, of which the following ambiguous letter, which he addressed to his

I am grateful to your love, Wilhelm, for having repeated your advice so seasonably. Yes, you are right: it is

undoubtedly better that I should depart. But I do not entirely approve your scheme of returning at once to

your neighbourhood; at least, I should Iike to make a little excursion on the way, particularly as we may now

expect a continued frost, and consequently good roads. I am much pleased with your intention of coming to

fetch me; only delay your journey for a fortnight, and wait for another letter from me. One should gather

nothing before it is ripe, and a fortnight sooner or later makes a great difference. Entreat my mother to pray

for her son, and tell her I beg her pardon for all the unhappiness I have occasioned her. It has ever been my

fate to give pain to those whose happiness I should have promoted. Adieu, my dearest friend. May every

We find it difficult to express the emotions with which Charlotte's soul was agitated during the whole of this

time, whether in relation to her husband or to her unfortunate friend; although we are enabled, by our

It is certain that she had formed a determination, by every means in her power to keep Werther at a distance;

and, if she hesitated in her decision, it was from a sincere feeling of friendly pity, knowing how much it

would cost him, indeed, that he would find it almost impossible to comply with her wishes. But various

causes now urged her to be firm. Her hushand preserved a strict silence about the whole matter; and she never

made it a subject of conversation, feeling bound to prove to him by her conduct that her sentiments agreed

The same day, which was the Sunday before Christmas, after Werther had written the lastmentioned letter to

his friend, he came in the evening to Charlotte's house, and found her alone. She was busy preparing some

little gifts for her brothers and sisters, which were to be distributed to them on Christmas Day. He began

talking of the delight of the children, and of that age when the sudden appearance of the Christmastree,

decorated with fruit and sweetmeats, and lighted up with wax candles, causes such transports of joy. "You

shall have a gift too, if you behave well," said Charlotte, hiding her embarrassment under sweet smile. "And

what do you call behaving well? What should I do, what can I do, my dear Charlotte?" said he. "Thursday

night," she answered, "is Christmas Eve. The children are all to be here, and my father too: there is a present

for each; do you come likewise, but do not come before that time." Werther started. "I desire you will not: it

must be so," she continued. "I ask it of you as a favour, for my own peace and tranquillity. We cannot go on

in this manner any longer." He turned away his face walked hastily up and down the room, muttering

indistinctly, "We cannot go on in this manner any longer!" Charlotte, seeing the violent agitation into which

these words had thrown him, endeavoured to divert his thoughts by different questions, but in vain. "No,

Charlotte!" he exclaimed; "I will never see you any more!" "And why so?" she answered. "We may we

must see each other again; only let it be with more discretion. Oh! why were you born with that excessive,

that ungovernable passion for everything that is dear to you?" Then, taking his hand, she said, "I entreat of

you to be more calm: your talents, your understanding, your genius, will furnish you with a thousand

resources. Be a man, and conquer an unhappy attachment toward a creature who can do nothing but pity

you." He bit his lips, and looked at her with a gloomy countenance. She continued to hold his hand. "Grant

me but a moment's patience, Werther," she said. "Do you not see that you are deceiving yourself, that you are

seeking your own destruction? Why must you love me, me only, who belong to another? I fear, I much fear,

that it is only the impossibility of possessing me which makes your desire for me so strong." He drew back

his hand, whilst he surveyed her with a wild and angry look. "'Tis well!" he exclaimed, "'tis very well! Did

not Albert furnish you with this reflection? It is profound, a very profound remark." "A reflection that any

one might easily make," she answered; "and is there not a woman in the whole world who is at liberty, and

has the power to make you happy? Conquer yourself: look for such a being, and believe me when I say that

you will certainly find her. I have long felt for you, and for us all: you have confined yourself too long within

the limits of too narrow a circle. Conquer yourself; make an effort: a short journey will be of service to you.

Seek and find an object worthy of your love; then return hither, and let us enjoy together all the happiness of

"This speech," replied Werther with a cold smile, "this speech should be printed, for the benefit of all

teachers. My dear Charlotte, allow me but a short time longer, and all will be well." "But however, Werther,"

she added, "do not come again before Christmas." He was about to make some answer, when Albert came in.

They saluted each other coldly, and with mutual embarrassment paced up and down the room. Werther made

some common remarks; Albert did the same, and their conversation soon dropped. Albert asked his wife

about some household matters; and, finding that his commissions were not executed, he used some

expressions which, to Werther's ear, savoured of extreme harshness. He wished to go, but had not power to

move; and in this situation he remained till eight o'clock, his uneasiness and discontent continually

increasing. At length the cloth was laid for supper, and he took up his hat and stick. Albert invited him to

remain; but Werther, fancying that he was merely paying a formal compliment, thanked him coldly, amd left

Werther returned home, took the candle from his servant, and retired to his room alone. He talked for some

time with great earnestness to himself, wept aloud, walked in a state of great excitement through his chamber;

till at length, without undressing, he threw himself on the bed, where he was found by his servant at eleven

o'clock, when the latter ventured to enter the room, and take off his boots. Werther did not prevent him, but

On Monday morning, the 21st of December, he wrote to Charlotte the following letter, which was found,

sealed, on his bureau after his death, and was given to her. I shall insert it in fragments; as it appears, from

"It is all over, Charlotte: I am resolved to die! I make this declaration deliberately and coolly, without any

romantic passion, on this morning of the day when I am to see you for the last time. At the moment you read

these lines, O best of women, the cold grave will hold the inanimate remains of that restless and unhappy

being who, in the last moments of his existence, knew no pleasure so great as that of conversing with you! I

have passed a dreadful night or rather, let me say, a propitious one; for it has given me resolution, it has fixed

my purpose. I am resolved to die. When I tore myself from you yesterday, my senses were in tumult and

disorder; my heart was oppressed, hope and pleasure had fled from me for ever, and a petrifying cold had

seized my wretched being. I could scarcely reach my room. I threw myself on my knees; and Heaven, for the

last time, granted me the consolation of shedding tears. A thousand ideas, a thousand schemes, arose within

my soul; till at length one last, fixed, final thought took possession of my heart. It was to die. I lay down to

rest; and in the morning, in the quiet hour of awakening, the same determination was upon me. To die! It is

not despair: it is conviction that I have filled up the measure of my sufferings, that I have reached my

appointed term, and must sacrifice myself for thee. Yes, Charlotte, why should I not avow it? One of us three

must die: it shall be Werther. O beloved Charlotte! this heart, excited by rage and fury, has often conceived

the horrid idea of murdering your husband you myself! The lot is cast at length. And in the bright,

quiet evenings of summer, when you sometimes wander toward the mountains, let your thoughts then turn to

me: recollect how often you have watched me coming to meet you from the valley; then bend your eyes upon

the churchyard which contains my grave, and, by the light of the setting sun, mark how the evening breeze

waves the tall grass which grows above my tomb. I was calm when I began this letter, but the recollection of

these scenes makes me weep like a child." About ten in the morning, Werther called his servant, and, whilst

he was dressing, told him that in a few days he intended to set out upon a journey, and bade him therefore lay

his clothes in order, and prepare them for packing up, call in all his accounts, fetch home the books he had

lent, and give two months' pay to the poor dependants who were accustomed to receive from him a weekly

He breakfasted in his room, and then mounted his horse, and went to visit the steward, who, however, was

not at home. He walked pensively in the garden, and seemed anxious to renew all the ideas that were most

The children did not suffer him to remain alone long. They followed him, skipping and dancing before him,

and told him, that after tomorrow and tomorrow and one day more, they were to receive their Christmas gift

from Charlotte; and they then recounted all the wonders of which they had formed ideas in their child

imaginations. "Tomorrow and tomorrow," said he, "and one day more!" And he kissed them tenderly. He was

going; but the younger boy stopped him, to whisper something in his ear. He told him that his elder brothers

had written splendid NewYear's wishes so large! one for papa, and another for Albert and Charlotte, and

one for Werther; and they were to be presented early in the morning, on New Year's Day. This quite

overcame him. He made each of the children a present, mounted his horse, left his compliments for papa and

He returned home about five o'clock, ordered his servant to keep up his fire, desired him to pack his books

and linen at the bottom of the trunk, and to place his coats at the top. He then appears to have made the

"You do not expect me. You think I will obey you, and not visit you again till Christmas Eve. O Charlotte,

today or never! On Christmas Eve you will hold this paper in your hand; you will tremble, and moisten it

In the meantime, Charlotte was in a pitiable state of mind. After her last conversation with Werther, she

found how painful to herself it would be to decline his visits, and knew how severely he would suffer from

She had, in conversation with Albert, mentioned casually that Werther would not return before Christmas

Eve; and soon afterward Albert went on horseback to see a person in the neighbourhood, with whom he had

Charlotte was sitting alone. None of her family were near, and she gave herself up to the reflections that

silently took possession of her mind. She was for ever united to a husband whose love and fidelity she had

proved, to whom she was heartily devoted, and who seemed to be a special gift from Heaven to ensure her

happiness. On the other hand, Werther had become dear to her. There was a cordial unanimity of sentiment

between them from the very first hour of their acquaintance, and their long association and repeated

interviews had made an indelible impression upon her heart. She had been accustomed to communicate to

him every thought and feeling which interested her, and his absence threatened to open a void in her

existence which it might be impossible to fill. How heartily she wished that she might change him into her

brother, that she could induce him to marry one of her own friends, or could reestablish his intimacy with

She passed all her intimate friends in review before her mind, but found something objectionable in each, and

Amid all these considerations she felt deeply but indistinctly that her own real but unexpressed wish was to

retain him for herself, and her pure and amiable heart felt from this thought a sense of oppression which

seemed to forbid a prospect of happiness. She was wretched: a dark cloud obscured her mental vision.

It was now halfpast six o'clock, and she heard Werther's step on the stairs. She at once recognised his voice,

as he inquired if she were at home. Her heart beat audibly we could almost say for the first time at his

arrival. It was too late to deny herself; and, as he entered, she exclaimed, with a sort of ill concealed

confusion, "You have not kept your word!" "I promised nothing," he answered. "But you should have

complied, at least for my sake," she continued. " I implore you, for both our sakes."

She scarcely knew what she said or did; and sent for some friends, who, by their presence, might prevent her

being left alone with Werther. He put down some books he had brought with him, then made inquiries about

some others, until she began to hope that her friends might arrive shortly, entertaining at the same time a

At one moment she felt anxious that the servant should remain in the adjoining room, then she changed her

mind. Werther, meanwhile, walked impatiently up and down. She went to the piano, and determined not to

retire. She then collected her thoughts, and sat down quietly at Werther's side, who had taken his usual place

"Have you brought nothing to read?" she inquired. He had nothing. "There in my drawer," she continued,

"you will find your own translation of some of the songs of Ossian. I have not yet read them, as I have still

hoped to hear you recite them; but, for some time past, I have not been able to accomplish such a wish." He

smiled, and went for the manuscript, which he took with a shudder. He sat down; and, with eyes full of tears,

"Star of descending night! fair is thy light in the west! thou liftest thy unshorn head from thy cloud; thy steps

are stately on thy hill. What dost thou behold in the plain? The stormy winds are laid. The murmur of the

torrent comes from afar. Roaring waves climb the distant rock. The flies of evening are on their feeble wings:

the hum of their course is on the field. What dost thou behold, fair light? But thou dost smile and depart. The

waves come with joy around thee: they bathe thy lovely hair. Farewell, thou silent beam! Let the light of

"And it does arise in its strength! I behold my departed friends. Their gathering is on Lora, as in the days of

other years. Fingal comes like a watery column of mist! his heroes are around: and see the bards of song,

grayhaired Ullin! stately Ryno! Alpin with the tuneful voice: the soft complaint of Minona! How are ye

changed, my friends, since the days of Selma's feast! when we contended, like gales of spring as they fly

"Minona came forth in her beauty, with downcast look and tearful eye. Her hair was flying slowly with the

blast that rushed unfrequent from the hill. The souls of the heroes were sad when she raised the tuneful voice.

Oft had they seen the grave of Salgar, the dark dwelling of whitebosomed Colma. Colma left alone on the

hill with all her voice of song! Salgar promised to come! but the night descended around. Hear the voice of

"Colma. It is night: I am alone, forlorn on the hill of storms. The wind is heard on the mountain. The torrent

is howling down the rock. No hut receives me from the rain: forlorn on the hill of winds!

"Rise moon! from behind thy clouds. Stars of the night, arise! Lead me, some light, to the place where my

love rests from the chase alone! His bow near him unstrung, his dogs panting around him! But here I must sit

alone by the rock of the mossy stream. The stream and the wind roar aloud. I hear not the voice of my love!

Why delays my Salgar; why the chief of the hill his promise? Here is the rock and here the tree! here is the

roaring stream! Thou didst promise with night to be here. Ah! whither is my Salgar gone? With thee I would

fly from my father, with thee from my brother of pride. Our race have long been foes: we are not foes, O

"Cease a little while, O wind! stream, be thou silent awhile! let my voice be heard around! let my wanderer

hear me! Salgar! it is Colma who calls. Here is the tree and the rock. Salgar, my love, I am here! Why

delayest thou thy coming? Lo! the calm moon comes forth. The flood is bright in the vale. The rocks are gray

on the steep. I see him not on the brow. His dogs come not before him with tidings of his near approach. Here

"Who lie on the heath beside me? Are they my love and my brother? Speak to me, O my friends! To Colma

they give no reply. Speak to me: I am alone! My soul is tormented with fears. Ah, they are dead! Their

swords are red from the fight. O my brother! my brother! why hast thou slain my Salgar! Why, O Salgar, hast

thou slain my brother! Dear were ye both to me! what shall I say in your praise? Thou wert fair on the hill

among thousands! he was terrible in fight! Speak to me! hear my voice! hear me, sons of my love! They are

silent! silent for ever! Cold, cold, are their breasts of clay! Oh, from the rock on the hill, from the top of the

windy steep, speak, ye ghosts of the dead! Speak, I will not be afraid! Whither are ye gone to rest? In what

cave of the hill shall I find the departed? No feeble voice is on the gale: no answer half drowned in the storm!

"I sit in my grief: I wait for morning in my tears! Rear the tomb, ye friends of the dead. Close it not till Colma

come. My life flies away like a dream. Why should I stay behind? Here shall I rest with my friends, by the

stream of the sounding rock. When night comes on the hill when the loud winds arise my ghost shall stand in

the blast, and mourn the death of my friends. The hunter shall hear from his booth; he shall fear, but love my

voice! For sweet shall my voice be for my friends: pleasant were her friends to Colma.

"Such was thy song, Minona, softly blushing daughter of Torman. Our tears descended for Colma, and our

souls were sad! Ullin came with his harp; he gave the song of Alpin. The voice of Alpin was pleasant, the

soul of Ryno was a beam of fire! But they had rested in the narrow house: their voice had ceased in Selma!

Ullin had returned one day from the chase before the heroes fell. He heard their strife on the hill: their song

was soft, but sad! They mourned the fall of Morar, first of mortal men! His soul was like the soul of Fingal:

his sword like the sword of Oscar. But he fell, and his father mourned: his sister's eyes were full of tears.

Minona's eyes were full of tears, the sister of carborne Morar. She retired from the song of Ullin, like the

moon in the west, when she foresees the shower, and hides her fair head in a cloud. I touched the harp with

"Ryno. The wind and the rain are past, calm is the noon of day. The clouds are divided in heaven. Over the

green hills flies the inconstant sun. Red through the stony vale comes down the stream of the hill. Sweet are

thy murmurs, O stream! but more sweet is the voice I hear. It is the voice of Alpin, the son of song, mourning

for the dead! Bent is his head of age: red his tearful eye. Alpin, thou son of song, why alone on the silent hill?

"Alpin. My tears, O Ryno! are for the dead my voice for those that have passed away. Tall thou art on the

hill; fair among the sons of the vale. But thou shalt fall like Morar: the mourner shall sit on thy tomb. The

"Thou wert swift, O Morar! as a roe on the desert: terrible as a meteor of fire. Thy wrath was as the storm.

Thy sword in battle as lightning in the field. Thy voice was as a stream after rain, like thunder on distant hills.

Many fell by thy arm: they were consumed in the flames of thy wrath. But when thou didst return from war,

how peaceful was thy brow. Thy face was like the sun after rain: like the moon in the silence of night: calm

"Narrow is thy dwelling now! dark the place of thine abode! With three steps I compass thy grave, O thou

who wast so great before! Four stones, with their heads of moss, are the only memorial of thee. A tree with

scarce a leaf, long grass which whistles in the wind, mark to the hunter's eye the grave of the mighty Morar.

Morar! thou art low indeed. Thou hast no mother to mourn thee, no maid with her tears of love. Dead is she

"Who on his staff is this? Who is this whose head is white with age, whose eyes are red with tears, who

quakes at every step? It is thy father, O Morar! the father of no son but thee. He heard of thy fame in war, he

heard of foes dispersed. He heard of Morar's renown, why did he not hear of his wound? Weep, thou father of

Morar! Weep, but thy son heareth thee not. Deep is the sleep of the dead, low their pillow of dust. No more

shall he hear thy voice, no more awake at thy call. When shall it be morn in the grave, to bid the slumberer

awake? Farewell, thou bravest of men! thou conqueror in the field! but the field shall see thee no more, nor

the dark wood be lightened with the splendour of thy steel. Thou has left no son. The song shall preserve thy

"The grief of all arose, but most the bursting sigh of Armin. He remembers the death of his son, who fell in

the days of his youth. Carmor was near the hero, the chief of the echoing Galmal. Why burst the sigh of

Armin? he said. Is there a cause to mourn? The song comes with its music to melt and please the soul. It is

like soft mist that, rising from a lake, pours on the silent vale; the green flowers are filled with dew, but the

sun returns in his strength, and the mist is gone. Why art thou sad, O Armin, chief of seasurrounded Gorma?

"Sad I am! nor small is my cause of woe! Carmor, thou hast lost no son; thou hast lost no daughter of beauty.

Colgar the valiant lives, and Annira, fairest maid. The boughs of thy house ascend, O Carmor! but Armin is

the last of his race. Dark is thy bed, O Daura! deep thy sleep in the tomb! When shalt thou wake with thy

"Arise, winds of autumn, arise: blow along the heath. Streams of the mountains, roar; roar, tempests in the

groves of my oaks! Walk through broken clouds, O moon! show thy pale face at intervals; bring to my mind

the night when all my children fell, when Arindal the mighty fell when Daura the lovely failed. Daura, my

daughter, thou wert fair, fair as the moon on Fura, white as the driven snow, sweet as the breathing gale.

Arindal, thy bow was strong, thy spear was swift on the field, thy look was like mist on the wave, thy shield a

red cloud in a storm! Armar, renowned in war, came and sought Daura's love. He was not long refused: fair

"Erath, son of Odgal, repined: his brother had been slain by Armar. He came disguised like a son of the sea:

fair was his cliff on the wave, white his locks of age, calm his serious brow. Fairest of women, he said, lovely

daughter of Armin! a rock not distant in the sea bears a tree on its side; red shines the fruit afar. There Armar

waits for Daura. I come to carry his love! she went she called on Armar. Nought answered, but the son of the

rock. Armar, my love, my love! why tormentest thou me with fear? Hear, son of Arnart, hear! it is Daura who

calleth thee. Erath, the traitor, fled laughing to the land. She lifted up her voice she called for her brother

"Her voice came over the sea. Arindal, my son, descended from the hill, rough in the spoils of the chase. His

arrows rattled by his side; his bow was in his hand, five darkgray dogs attended his steps. He saw fierce

Erath on the shore; he seized and bound him to an oak. Thick wind the thongs of the hide around his limbs;

he loads the winds with his groans. Arindal ascends the deep in his boat to bring Daura to land. Armar came

in his wrath, and let fly the grayfeathered shaft. It sung, it sunk in thy heart, O Arindal, my son! for Erath

the traitor thou diest. The oar is stopped at once: he panted on the rock, and expired. What is thy grief, O

Daura, when round thy feet is poured thy brother's blood. The boat is broken in twain. Armar plunges into the

sea to rescue his Daura, or die. Sudden a blast from a hill came over the waves; he sank, and he rose no more.

"Alone, on the seabeat rock, my daughter was heard to complain; frequent and loud were her cries. What

could her father do? All night I stood on the shore: I saw her by the faint beam of the moon. All night I heard

her cries. Loud was the wind; the rain beat hard on the hill. Before morning appeared, her voice was weak; it

died away like the evening breeze among the grass of the rocks. Spent with grief, she expired, and left thee,

Armin, alone. Gone is my strength in war, fallen my pride among women. When the storms aloft arise, when

the north lifts the wave on high, I sit by the sounding shore, and look on the fatal rock.

"Often by the setting moon I see the ghosts of my children; half viewless they walk in mournful conference

A torrent of tears which streamed from Charlotte's eyes and gave relief to her bursting heart, stopped

Werther's recitation. He threw down the book, seized her hand, and wept bitterly. Charlotte leaned upon her

hand, and buried her face in her handkerchief: the agitation of both was excessive. They felt that their own

fate was pictured in the misfortunes of Ossian's heroes, they felt this together, and their tears redoubled.

Werther supported his forehead on Charlotte's arm: she trembled, she wished to be gone; but sorrow and

sympathy lay like a leaden weight upon her soul. She recovered herself shortly, and begged Werther, with

broken sobs, to leave her, implored him with the utmost earnestness to comply with her request. He trembled;

his heart was ready to burst: then, taking up the book again, he recommenced reading, in a voice broken by

sobs. "Why dost thou waken me, O spring? Thy voice woos me, exclaiming, I refresh thee with heavenly

dews; but the time of my decay is approaching, the storm is nigh that shall whither my leaves. Tomorrow the

traveller shall come, he shall come, who beheld me in beauty: his eye shall seek me in the field around, but he

The whole force of these words fell upon the unfortunate Werther. Full of despair, he threw himself at

Charlotte's feet, seized her hands, and pressed them to his eyes and to his forehead. An apprehension of his

fatal project now struck her for the first time. Her senses were bewildered: she held his hands, pressed them

to her bosom; and, leaning toward him with emotions of the tenderest pity, her warm cheek touched his. They

lost sight of everything. The world disappeared from their eyes. He clasped her in his arms, strained her to his

bosom, and covered her trembling lips with passionate kisses. "Werther!" she cried with a faint voice, turning

herself away; "Werther!" and, with a feeble hand, she pushed him from her. At length, with the firm voice of

virtue, she exclaimed, "Werther!" He resisted not, but, tearing himself from her arms, fell on his knees before

her. Charlotte rose, and, with disordered grief, in mingled tones of love and resentment, she exclaimed, "It is

the last time, Werther! You shall never see me any more!" Then, casting one last, tender look upon her

unfortunate lover, she rushed into the adjoining room, and locked the door. Werther held out his arms, but did

not dare to detain her. He continued on the ground, with his head resting on the sofa, for half an hour, till he

heard a noise which brought him to his senses. The servant entered. He then walked up and down the room;

and, when he was again left alone, he went to Charlotte's door, and, in a low voice, said, "Charlotte,

Charlotte! but one word more, one last adieu!" She returned no answer. He stopped, and listened and

entreated; but all was silent. At length he tore himself from the place, crying, "Adieu, Charlotte, adieu for

Werther ran to the gate of the town. The guards, who knew him, let him pass in silence. The night was dark

and stormy, it rained and snowed. He reached his own door about eleven. His servant, although seeing

him enter the house without his hat, did not venture to say anything; and; as he undressed his master, he

found that his clothes were wet. His hat was afterward found on the point of a rock overhanging the valley;

and it is inconceivable how he could have climbed to the summit on such a dark, tempestuous night without

He retired to bed, and slept to a late hour. The next morning his servant, upon being called to bring his coffee,

"For the last, last time I open these eyes. Alas! they will behold the sun no more. It is covered by a thick,

impenetrable cloud. Yes, Nature! put on mourning: your child, your friend, your lover, draws near his end!

This thought, Charlotte, is without parallel; and yet it seems like a mysterious dream when I repeat this is

my last day! The last! Charlotte, no word can adequately express this thought. The last! Today I stand erect

in all my strength tomorrow, cold and stark, I shall lie extended upon the ground. To die! what is death? We

do but dream in our discourse upon it. I have seen many human beings die; but, so straitened is our feeble

nature, we have no clear conception of the beginning or the end of our existence. At this moment I am my

own or rather I am thine, thine, my adored! and the next we are parted, severed perhaps for ever! No,

Charlotte, no! How can I, how can you, be annihilated? We exist. What is annihilation? A mere word, an

unmeaning sound that fixes no impression on the mind. Dead, Charlotte! laid in the cold earth, in the dark

and narrow grave! I had a friend once who was everything to me in early youth. She died. I followed her

hearse; I stood by her grave when the coffin was lowered; and when I heard the creaking of the cords as they

were loosened and drawn up, when the first shovelful of earth was thrown in, and the coffin returned a hollow

sound, which grew fainter and fainter till all was completely covered over, I threw myself on the ground; my

heart was smitten, grieved, shattered, rent but I neither knew what had happened, nor what was to happen

to me. Death! the grave! I understand not the words. Forgive, oh, forgive me! Yesterday ah, that day

should have been the last of my life! Thou angel! for the first time in my existence, I felt rapture glow within

my inmost soul. She loves, she loves me! Still burns upon my lips the sacred fire they received from thine.

"I knew that I was dear to you; I saw it in your first entrancing look, knew it by the first pressure of your

hand; but when I was absent from you, when I saw Albert at your side, my doubts and fears returned.

"Do you remember the flowers you sent me, when, at that crowded assembly, you could neither speak nor

extend your hand to me? Half the night I was on my knees before those flowers, and I regarded them as the

pledges of your love; but those impressions grew fainter, and were at length effaced.

"Everything passes away; but a whole eternity could not extinguish the living flame which was yesterday

kindled by your lips, and which now burns within me. She loves me! These arms have encircled her waist,

these lips have trembled upon hers. She is mine! Yes, Charlotte, you are mine for ever!

"And what do they mean by saying Albert is your husband? He may be so for this world; and in this world it

is a sin to love you, to wish to tear you from his embrace. Yes, it is a crime; and I suffer the punishment, but I

have enjoyed the full delight of my sin. I have inhaled a balm that has revived my soul. From this hour you

are mine; yes, Charlotte, you are mine! I go before you. I go to my Father and to your Father. I will pour out

my sorrows before him, and he will give me comfort till you arrive. Then will I fly to meet you. I will claim

"I do not dream, I do not rave. Drawing nearer to the grave my perceptions become clearer. We shall exist;

we shall see each other again; we shall behold your mother; I shall behold her, and expose to her my inmost

About eleven o'clock Werther asked his servant if Albert had returned. He answered, "Yes;" for he had seen

him pass on horseback: upon which Werther sent him the following note, unsealed:

Charlotte had slept little during the past night. All her apprehensions were realised in a way that she could

neither foresee nor avoid. Her blood was boiling in her veins, and a thousand painful sensations rent her pure

heart. Was it the ardour of Werther's passionate embraces that she felt within her bosom? Was it anger at his

daring? Was it the sad comparison of her present condition with former days of innocence, tranquillity, and

selfconfidence? How could she approach her husband, and confess a scene which she had no reason to

conceal, and which she yet felt, nevertheless, unwilling to avow? They had preserved so long a silence

toward each other and should she be the first to break it by so unexpected a discovery? She feared that the

mere statement of Werther's visit would trouble him, and his distress would be heightened by her perfect

candour. She wished that he could see her in her true light, and judge her without prejudice; but was she

anxious that he should read her inmost soul? On the other hand, could she deceive a being to whom all her

thoughts had ever been exposed as clearly as crystal, and from whom no sentiment had ever been concealed?

These reflections made her anxious and thoughtful. Her mind still dwelt on Werther, who was now lost to

her, but whom she could not bring herself to resign, and for whom she knew nothing was left but despair if

A recollection of that mysterious estrangement which had lately subsisted between herself and Albert, and

which she could never thoroughly understand, was now beyond measure painful to her. Even the prudent and

the good have before now hesitated to explain their mutual differences, and have dwelt in silence upon their

imaginary grievances, until circumstances have become so entangled, that in that critical juncture, when a

calm explanation would have saved all parties, an understanding was impossible. And thus if domestic

confidence had been earlier established between them, if love and kind forbearance had mutually animated

and expanded their hearts, it might not, perhaps, even yet have been too late to save our friend.

But we must not forget one remarkable circumstance. We may observe from the character of Werther's

correspondence, that he had never affected to conceal his anxious desire to quit this world. He had often

discussed the subject with Albert; and, between the latter and Charlotte, it had not unfrequently formed a

topic of conversation. Albert was so opposed to the very idea of such an action, that, with a degree of

irritation unusual in him, he had more than once given Werther to understand that he doubted the seriousness

of his threats, and not only turned them into ridicule, but caused Charlotte to share his feelings of incredulity.

Her heart was thus tranquillised when she felt disposed to view the melancholy subject in a serious point of

view, though she never communicated to her husband the apprehensions she sometimes experienced.

Albert, upon his return, was received by Charlotte with illconcealed embarrassment. He was himself out of

humour; his business was unfinished; and he had just discovered that the neighbouring official with whom he

had to deal, was an obstinate and narrowminded personage. Many things had occurred to irritate him.

He inquired whether anything had happened during his absence, and Charlotte hastily answered that Werther

had been there on the evening previously. He then inquired for his letters, and was answered that several

packages had been left in his study. He thereon retired, leaving Charlotte alone.

The presence of the being she loved and honoured produced a new impression on her heart. The recollection

of his generosity, kindness, and affection had calmed her agitation: a secret impulse prompted her to follow

him; she took her work and went to his study, as was often her custom. He was busily employed opening and

reading his letters. It seemed as if the contents of some were disagreeable. She asked some questions: he gave

Several hours passed in this manner, and Charlotte's feelings became more and more melancholy. She felt the

extreme difficulty of explaining to her husband, under any circumstances, the weight that lay upon her heart;

and her depression became every moment greater, in proportion as she endeavoured to hide her grief, and to

The arrival of Werther's servant occasioned her the greatest embarrassment. He gave Albert a note, which the

latter coldly handed to his wife, saying, at the same time, "Give him the pistols. I wish him a pleasant

journey," he added, turning to the servant. These words fell upon Charlotte like a thunderstroke: she rose

from her seat halffainting, and unconscious of what she did. She walked mechanically toward the wall, took

down the pistols with a trembling hand, slowly wiped the dust from them, and would have delayed longer,

had not Albert hastened her movements by an impatient look. She then delivered the fatal weapons to the

servant, without being able to utter a word. As soon as he had departed, she folded up her work, and retired at

once to her room, her heart overcome with the most fearful forebodings. She anticipated some dreadful

calamity. She was at one moment on the point of going to her husband, throwing herself at his feet, and

acquainting him with all that had happened on the previous evening, that she might acknowledge her fault,

and explain her apprehensions; then she saw that such a step would be useless, as she would certainly be

unable to induce Albert to visit Werther. Dinner was served; and a kind friend whom she had persuaded to

remain assisted to sustain the conversation, which was carried on by a sort of compulsion, till the events of

When the servant brought the pistols to Werther, the latter received them with transports of delight upon

hearing that Charlotte had given them to him with her own hand. He ate some bread, drank some wine, sent

"They have been in your hands you wiped the dust from them. I kiss them a thousand times you have

touched them. Yes, Heaven favours my design, and you, Charlotte, provide me with the fatal instruments. It

was my desire to receive my death from your hands, and my wish is gratified. I have made inquiries of my

servant. You trembled when you gave him the pistols, but you bade me no adieu. Wretched, wretched that I

am not one farewell! How could you shut your heart against me in that hour which makes you mine for

ever? Charlotte, ages cannot efface the impression I feel you cannot hate the man who so passionately

After dinner he called his servant, desired him to finish the packing up, destroyed many papers, and then went

out to pay some trifling debts. He soon returned home, then went out again, notwithstanding the rain, walked

for some time in the count's garden, and afterward proceeded farther into the country. Toward evening he

"Wilhelm, I have for the last time beheld the mountains, the forests, and the sky. Farewell! And you, my

dearest mother, forgive me! Console her, Wilhelm. God bless you! I have settled all my affairs! Farewell! We

"I have requited you badly, Albert; but you will forgive me. I have disturbed the peace of your home. I have

sowed distrust between you. Farewell! I will end all this wretchedness. And oh, that my death may render you

happy! Albert, Albert! make that angel happy, and the blessing of Heaven be upon you!"

He spent the rest of the evening in arranging his papers: he tore and burned a great many; others he sealed up,

and directed to Wilhelm. They contained some detached thoughts and maxims, some of which I have

perused. At ten o'clock he ordered his fire to be made up, and a bottle of wine to be brought to him. He then

dismissed his servant, whose room, as well as the apartments of the rest of the family, was situated in another

part of the house. The servant lay down without undressing, that he might be the sooner ready for his journey

in the morning, his master having informed him that the posthorses would be at the door before six o'clock.

"Past eleven o'clock! All is silent around me, and my soul is calm. I thank thee, O God, that thou bestowest

strength and courage upon me in these last moments! I approach the window, my dearest of friends; and

through the clouds, which are at this moment driven rapidly along by the impetuous winds, I behold the stars

which illumine the eternal heavens. No, you will not fall, celestial bodies: the hand of the Almighty supports

both you and me! I have looked for the last time upon the constellation of the Greater Bear: it is my favourite

star; for when I bade you farewell at night, Charlotte, and turned my steps from your door, it always shone

upon me. With what rapture have I at times beheld it! How often have I implored it with uplifted hands to

witness my felicity! and even still But what object is there, Charlotte, which fails to summon up your

image before me? Do you not surround me on all sides? and have I not, like a child, treasured up every trifle

which you have consecrated by your touch? "Your profile, which was so dear to me, I return to you; and I

pray you to preserve it. Thousands of kisses have I imprinted upon it, and a thousand times has it gladdened

"I have implored your father to protect my remains. At the corner of the churchyard, looking toward the

fields, there are two limetrees there I wish to lie. Your father can, and doubtless will, do this much for

his friend. Implore it of him. But perhaps pious Christians will not choose that their bodies chould be buried

near the corpse of a poor, unhappy wretch like me. Then let me be laid in some remote valley, or near the

highway, where the priest and Levite may bless themselves as they pass by my tomb, whilst the Samaritan

"See, Charlotte, I do not shudder to take the cold and fatal cup, from which I shall drink the draught of death.

Your hand presents it to me, and I do not tremble. All, all is now concluded: the wishes and the hopes of my

existence are fulfilled. With cold, unflinching hand I knock at the brazen portals of Death. Oh, that I had

enjoyed the bliss of dying for you! how gladly would I have sacrificed myself for you; Charlotte! And could I

but restore peace and joy to your bosom, with what resolution, with what joy, would I not meet my fate! But

it is the lot of only a chosen few to shed their blood for their friends, and by their death to augment, a

I wish, Charlotte, to be buried in the dress I wear at present: it has been rendered sacred by your touch. I have

begged this favour of your father. My spirit soars above my sepulchre. I do not wish my pockets to be

searched. The knot of pink ribbon which you wore on your bosom the first time I saw you, surrounded by the

children Oh, kiss them a thousand times for me, and tell them the fate of their unhappy friend! I think I

see them playing around me. The dear children! How warmly have I been attached to you, Charlotte! Since

the first hour I saw you, how impossible have I found it to leave you. This ribbon must be buried with me: it

was a present from you on my birthday. How confused it all appears! Little did I then think that I should

"They are loaded the clock strikes twelve. I say amen. Charlotte, Charlotte! farewell, farewell!"

A neighbour saw the flash, and heard the report of the pistol; but, as everything remained quiet, he thought no

In the morning, at six o'clock, the servant went into Werther's room with a candle. He found his master

stretched upon the floor, weltering in his blood, and the pistols at his side. He called, he took him in his arms,

but received no answer. Life was not yet quite extinct. The servant ran for a surgeon, and then went to fetch

Albert. Charlotte heard the ringing of the bell: a cold shudder seized her. She wakened her husband, and they

both rose. The servant, bathed in tears faltered forth the dreadful news. Charlotte fell senseless at Albert's

When the surgeon came to the unfortunate Werther, he was still lying on the floor; and his pulse beat, but his

limbs were cold. The bullet, entering the forehead, over the right eye, had penetrated the skull. A vein was

From the blood which flowed from the chair, it could be inferred that he had committed the rash act sitting at

his bureau, and that he afterward fell upon the floor. He was found lying on his back near the window. He

The house, the neighbourhood, and the whole town were immediately in commotion. Albert arrived. They

had laid Werther on the bed: his head was bound up, and the paleness of death was upon his face. His limbs

were motionless; but he still breathed, at one time strongly, then weaker his death was momently

He had drunk only one glass of the wine. "Emilia Galotti" lay open upon his bureau.

The old steward hastened to the house immediately upon hearing the news: he embraced his dying friend

amid a flood of tears. His eldest boys soon followed him on foot. In speechless sorrow they threw themselves

on their knees by the bedside, and kissed his hands and face. The eldest, who was his favourite, hung over

him till he expired; and even then he was removed by force. At twelve o'clock Werther breathed his last. The

presence of the steward, and the precautions he had adopted, prevented a disturbance; and that night, at the

hour of eleven, he caused the body to be interred in the place which Werther had selected for himself.

The steward and his sons followed the corpse to the grave. Albert was unable to accompany them. Charlotte's