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The Best Ways To File
- Sometimes you can save money by not filing a joint
return. Several types of expenses (medical expenses,
casualty losses, and miscellaneous expenses) are
deductible only when they exceed a percentage of
adjusted gross income. If one spouse has a fairly high
amount of expenses and a low adjusted gross income, it
could make sense for the couple to file separate
returns. In addition, neither spouse can be claimed as
a dependent on someone else's return if the couple
files a joint return. A family's taxes might be
reduced if a couple with little income filed separately
and allowed someone else, say their parents, to take
the dependency deductions. Also, a couple might
jointly own income-producing property. If that
property is the only source of income for one spouse,
taxes on that income could be reduced or eliminated by
filing separate returns. Finally pre-divorce alimony
payments (such as those required by a separation
agreement) cannot be deducted if the couple is still
married and files a joint return. Separated spouses
might want to file separate returns so the spouse
paying alimony can deduct the payments.
- For married taxpayers filing separately, the
personal exemption phaseout begins at adjusted gross
income of $83,850 and ends at $145,100 in 1994. For
married couples filing jointly, the phaseout begins at
AGI of $167,700 and ends at $290,200 in 1994. The
result is that if married taxpayers are subject to the
phaseout on a joint return but do not have equal
incomes, they can avoid the phaseout by filing separate
returns. To benefit, the lower-earning spouse must
have AGI of less than $83,850 and be able to claim the
dependency exemptions for the children as well as his
or her own personal exemption. This means that spouse
must separately provide over half the support during
the year. To ensure there is proof, we advise separate
bank accounts to pay for support items. See IRS
Publication 17 for a list of the expenses that are
considered support items. When the marital home is
jointly owned, each spouse is considered to contribute
half of the cost regardless of the actual
contributions. Separate filing might backfire,
however, for some married taxpayers with a large amount
of itemized deductions. That's because the itemized
deduction reduction for married couples filing
separately begins with an AGI of only $53,900 in 1994.
Because of this lower threshold, some couples will find
that the higher-income spouse will lose more itemized
deductions by filing separately than they would have
lost on a joint return, and this loss will reduce or
eliminate the tax benefit of saving the dependent
exemptions.
Using the long form can pay off even if you don't
itemize deductions. Some deductions are known as
adjustments to income or above-the-line deductions.
These are available whether or not you itemize
expenses. But they are not listed on the 1040A short
form. The long form lists additional adjustments you
might be entitled to such as Keogh plan contributions,
penalties paid on early withdrawals of savings, alimony
payments and the disability income exclusion. The long
form also lists tax credits that are not mentioned on
Form 1040A.
- Tax return due on April 15 and you're not ready to
file? One way to extend the filing deadline is to file
for an automatic extension with Form 4868. Another way
is to be residing outside the United States on April.
- If you are residing outside the United States you
get an automatic extension of your filing deadline to
June 15. But you must be residing outside the United
States on April 15. It used to be that you could
qualify for this extension if you were simply traveling
outside the U.S. on April 15. That is no longer good
enough. Another way to get an extension if you are
living outside the United States is to file Form 2350
before the due date for your return. This can be used
if you anticipate owing no tax on your foreign income.
This usually is used because you expect to meet the
requirements for using the foreign earned income
exclusion sometime after the return is due.
- Can't pay? File anyway. If you have money due on
your tax return and can't pay your taxes, you should
still file your tax return on time. This alone will
avoid the failure-to-file penalty and save you some
money. Send as much money as you can with the tax
return and attach Form 9465, Installment Agreement
Request, to the front of the tax return. On Form 9465,
give the amounts you can pay and the dates you can pay
them. The IRS will usually allow you to follow the
installments requested or will work out other options
with you. One of the worst things to do is not filing
a tax return at all. That can add a lot more to the
taxes already owed. To get copies of Form 9465, visit
your local IRS office or call 1-800-829-3676.
- Married couples with taxable income under $50,000
and without dependents can now use the easiest tax form
-- Form 1040EZ. In the past, only single persons could
use this easier, green, 10-line form. Other
requirements that also apply: you (and your spouse if
filing jointly) were not age 65 or older or blind; all
income is only from wages, salaries, tips, taxable
scholarships and fellowship grants, and taxable
interest income of $400 or less; no advance earned
income credits were received in 1993; no itemized
deductions, adjustments to income, or tax credits can
be be taken and no other taxes are owed, other than the
amount from the tax table.
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